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BRITANNIA,
Newly Tranſlated into Englith :
RAT.
(a
WITH:L AR WE
ADDITIONS
A.:N-D
IMPROVEMENTS
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Pukliſh'd by EDMUND GIBSON, of
QueEeens-ColteceEt in OXFORD. 5
———————_—_
Cic. de Divinat. Lib. 1.
| Quem non moveat clariſimi Monuments teſtata
conſignataque Antiquitas ?
| LONDON,
{
Printedby E. Collins, for A. Swalle, at the Unicorn at the Weſt-end
of St.Paul's Church-yard ; and A. 6z F. Churchil, at the Black
Swan in Pater=nofter=Row. 16 9 5.
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MARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY
1921
GIFT Ct
WILLIAM ENDICOTT, M.
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TO THE
RIGHT HONOURABLE
Sir JOHN SOMMERS,K*
Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of ENGLAND,
And One of
HIS MAJESTY'S
MOST
Honourable Privy-Council.
May it pleaſe your Lordſhip,
S \- Ip I _ F all the Studies, to which Men are drawn either
SN by Inclination or Intereſt, perhaps no one can pretend
Wo to ſuch an agreeable pleaſure az the Deſcriptions
2 72 of Countries. Þy a variety of Projpets, they
FR feed us conſtantly with freſh Satufattions ; and the
VOL Objeits they preſent, are ſo chain'd together, that 4
Curious Reader has much ado to break off. This us the advantage of that
Subjeft in general : but when we come to our own Affairs, the re=
liſh is fill heighten'd in proportion to every one's Love for his Natrvoe
Country. And to whom then can wr BRITANNIA adareſ ber
ſelf with a better aſſurance, than to your Lordſhip; whoſe Life 1 one
continud Zeal for her Honour and Happineſs * She's ſenſible of
your Favours ; and in return, has pickt up theſe Rarities of Art and Na=
ture, for a Preſent to your Lordſhip. They are the Choice of her whole
Stock ; and ſhe hopes there may be ſomething in them to divert you in
that multitude of Buſmeſs , where you are daily engag d for her Peace
and Preſervation. But if there ſhould not, ſhe's ſure however by diſpo=
fins thus of her Treaſure, to lay an univerſal Obligation upon her Sons.
She flill remembers, how they all bled you for your Defence of her di=
ftreſſed Hg ites ; and how, upon your Lordſhips Advancement , a general
Foy
*
Foy ran through” her -__ Fankly : Bit that” a more particular Sa-
tufattion appear'd among the Learped,\ to ſee. the Honour conferrd upon
a Leading Member of their own Body. She was pleasd, "to hear” them
fay, That by ſuch Promotions, they as well as their Nergbbours, might
at laft have their Richlieus and Colberrts.
The Dreſs wherein ſhe appears, uw true Natwve Euglyh. She has been
a great Sufferer by foret gn Mages and Fapperies ; but now reſokves
to quit them all , and convince the World that ſhe has every thing
within her ſelf and can live without borroming, In thu homely. Ha=
bit fhe comes, to beg the continuance of your . Lordſhip's Proteftion ;
upon which your wonted Tenderneſs has made ther preſume ſo far, as to
encourage even the meaneſt of her Sons to hope for the fame Favour,
and to write bimſelf
Your Lordihip's
Moſt obedient and moſt
Humble Servant,
EDMUND GIBSON.
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RE A D ER.
EFORE you ſurvey the Work, pleaſe to take the following account
of the Materials and Contrivance. |
When Mr. Camden publiſk'd the laſt edition of his BRITANNIA,
| the Book met with ſo much applauſe and commendation from the Learned,
that: they knew no title great enough for the Anthor. He was fli'd che Farro,
the Strabo, and the Panſanias of Britain 3 and his Work univerſally own'd to be the
moſt complete and accurate in its kind, that had appear'd in any Nation. So that
one might ſay of it as Tally did of Ce/ſars Commentaries, Ommes ſanos 4
ſeribendo deterrnit ; for any man to pretend 10 write after him, was to draw
up6n himſelf" the ' imputarion of downright madneſs, The faying- mighs, then
be properly'apply'd to it ; and it would have born the ſame charaQter to the end
of the World, had, his ſubje& been the'AFtronr of Men inſtead of the Deſcription of
Places. Witneſs his Annals of Queth Ekzabeth, which, as long as time-thall laſt,
| is like tro be'the ſtanding Hiſtory of that reign 3 'no leſs than Cefar's Commentaries
will be of the Cauliſh wars, |
But the nature of the Work makes a large difference. The charaQters of Mez,
and the aQrons of Ages, when the men are dead and the time gone, do both
ſtand unalterable. Whereas, the condition. of.) places 1s. in a fore of continual
motion, always ( like the "Sea ) cbbing and flowing. And one who ſhould at-
rempt ſuch a complete Deſcription of a Gngle Town, as might ſerve. for all Ages
to come, would fee his Miſtake by the experience of every year, every
month, nay almoſt of every day., . So'that the ſpace of ſixty or eighty years muſt
make a ſirange alteration in che face of things; and he that ſhould frame-an Ideez
of many places by an account of ſo long ſtanding, would ſcarce believe 'em to be
the ſame when he came to view them, The growth of trade, the encreaſe of
buildings, the number of Inhabitants, do all make the appearance very different.
And 'tis twenty to one, bur the place where all theſe improvements have happend,
has ſtole them in a great meaſure from ſome of irs neighbours. Two trading
Towns are like rwo Armies 3 they are always fighting*(as it were) with one
«rzocher, and as one flouriſhes and adwances, the other generally decays and gives
grour:/. This turns things quite upſide down.; fo that where an old Surwey promi-
ſes nothing but mean Houſes, and poor Inhabitants, we are very ofren ſurpriz'd
with handiſom buildings and a wealthy people ; and where we feed our ſelves with
the hopes of findirg cvery thing neat and ſplendid, we are entertain'd with nothing
but rubbiſh and ruins. |
Matters of greater Antiquity {I grant ) are more fix'd and certain. What
was the courſe of a Military Way, a hundred years ago, will be ſo as long as the
world laſts ; and when the particular ftations and garriſons are once righe ſerel'd,
that trouble's at an end for ever. As Mr, Camden made a more regular {earch than
any that had come before him ; ſo did he give us a greater light into chat part of
our Hiſtory, than all that wrote.cither befare or ſince. And yer even 1n theſe points,
the Jarer diſcoveries of Bricks, Coins, Inſcriptions, and other marks of Antiquity ,
have oblig'd the Learned to exprels their diſlike of his conjectures, in ſeveral
particuſars.
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The Preface To
the READER.
Ic was neceſſary to premiſe thus much concerning the nature of the ſubjeQ, leſt
the mention of Additions and Corre&ions, in an Author of ſuch an eſtabliſh'd re-
putation, ſhould look too aſſuming, or be conſtru'd a piece of envy and detra-
Gion. Burt as defects of this kind ought not to be call'd Omiſſions, ſince they lay
out of one's reach ; ſo ſupplying of them does not argue either a want of judg-
ment or diligence 1n thoſe that have gone before. If Mr. Camden had liv'd to this
day, he had bcen ſtill adding and altering ; and had (no doubr) left his Britannia
much more complete, if the Jaſt ſixteen years of his Life had not been taken up
with the Annals of Qneen El:zabeth.
But when I ſpeak of adding and correing, it muſt not be underſtood as if any
thing of Mr. Camden were {truck out, or what is new, were mix'd eonfuledly
with his Text. No, thar were a liberty which but tew would allow, and none
ought to rake. There are not many men who can lay claim to the ſame autho.
rity with Mr. Camden ; and therefore "tis but reaſon the World ſhould know
when He tells the ſtory, that they may proportion their aſſent ro the credit of
their Author. The want of making this diſtinCtion in the former trarſlation of this
Book, has been of very ill conſequence; and particularly to two or three learned
and curjous perſons, who have urg'd the authority of Mr. Camden with a great
deal of aſſurance, when all the while they repeated nothing but an interpolation
of Dr. Holland's. To prevent this for the future ; our firſt care was, to have an
exad tranſlation of Mr. Camden's text: fo that when one had occaſion to make
uſe of his name, he might be ſure he did rot quote another man's words.
But tho' by this means the text was clear'd of Dr. Holland's Additions, yet were
thcy not to be alrogether neglected ; becauſe ſome of them are not amiſs, and an
opinion has got abroad in the world, that he conſulted Mr. Camden where any
thing appear'd obſcure or capable of a double meaning. If he had been quire laid
alide, theſe thoughts would have continually ſtuck by the Reader: who \wonld
have been fancying at every turn, that Dr. Holland might poſlibly have obſery'd
ſomething that would ſolve his doubt, and give him a clearer light. At this
rate, inſtead of ſuperſcding that Egition, we ſhould have made it a real rarity,
and given it a greater value than it had at the firſt publication. To do juſtice to
both, a middle way was thought of , To put his Additions at the bottom, in a
{ſmaller charaQter ; and to direct by a figure to the reſpetive places where he had
inſerted them.
After Dr. Bolland had been thus treated, we could not in common modeſty go
to inſert any thing of our own; or be guilty of a crime our ſelves for which we
had arraign'd another. And yet, conſidering that many things we had to ſay
farther, had a near relation ro what Mr. Camden had already obſerv'd, we could
not leave the Reader in ſo much confuſion, as oblige him to take things where
he found them, without any connexion and order. In this caſe, the followin
method appear'd moſt natural , To make our Additions at the end of each Coun-
ty; and by a Letter inſerted in the ſeveral places they belong to in the text, to
admoniih the Reader that he may either find Mr. Camden's opinion confirm'd ; or
a more particular account given of the place ; or reaſons offer d why we dilſent from
him ; or Jaſtly, the deſcription of ſomething wholly omitted, which in the Topo-
graphical Survey of the County, fa!ls in there. And 'tis hop'd, the Additions may
be thought of ſo much moment, that the Reader will have no reaſon to com-
piain of being ſtop'd for nothing, or drawn afide out of his road to no
purpoſe.
After the Method, the Reader is to be inform'd to whoſe, aſliſtance he ows
theſe Improvements. And this is a piece of juſtice both to the Perſons and to
the Work. For, as tis fic that each County ſhould underſtand ro whom it is more
particularly oblig'd ; fo all men ought ro know, that we have not built upon ſlight
grounds, or deliver'd things upon trifling informations. The Right Reverend
Father in God Sir Jonathan Trelawny, Lord Biſhop of Exeter, procurd us large No-
L. -
tices concerning Cornwall and Devonſhire , his own Dioceſe. Mr. Anthony Etrick
return'd what he thought moſt remarkable in Dorſetſhire : as Mr. In-orſley of
Lincolns-lap, ſent us ſeveral things relating to Hamſhire; Mr. Evelyn, to
| Surrey 3
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Surrey ; and Mr. Herris\to Saffex. \\The Uiſcaverics in Wikſdire depend upon the
authority of Mr. Tanner, who has made confiderable progreſs in the Anciquiries
of that Connty. A Survey of Kent and Middleſex was made upon this occaſion
by Dr. Plot. The account of the Arſenals for the Royal Navy in Kent, with
the Additions to Portſmonth and Harwich, ſo far as they concern the buſineſs
of the Navy, were tommunicated by Mr. Pepys. Out of Gloceſterſbire
informations were ſent us by Dr. Parſons Chancellor of that Church; and out of
Oxfordſhire by Mr. White Kennet, who will ſhortly publiſh the Antiquities of ſome
art of that County. In ſettling the old Stations in Eſſex, we were parti-
cularly aſſiſted by Mr. Oofſey, who is writing the Antiquities of the whole
County ; and in the deſcription of Norfolk, by a Survey of that County in Ma-
quſcripr, written by Sir Henry Spelman, and now in the Bodleian-Library. Mr. Tho-
mas Newſham, of Warwick, ſent us ſeveral very uſeful particulars out of War-
wickſhire : and an accurate account of the Antiquities of Worceſterſhire was com-
municated by Dr. William Hopkins, Prebendary of the Church of Worceſter.
Some obſervations upon the Biſhoprick of Durham , were extracted for us
by Mr. Rudd, out of the poſthumous Papers of Mr. Mickſeton ( a curious
Antiquary _) at the requeſt of the Reverend Mr. Fobn Smith, a member of
that Church ; and others were ſent us by Dr. Kay of New-caſtle. The
IVeft-riding of Yorkſhire is indebted to Mr. Ralph Thoresby of Leeds, of whoſe
abilities and exa&tneſs the large colleQion of Curiofities he has made himſelf
Maſter of, is a ſufficient argument. | In the 'Eaſt-Riding, Mr. Fohn Burnſall of
Hull, contributed many things very remarkable ; and Dr. Fonſton ( from whom
we exped the Antiquities of York ſhire) communicated ſeveral particulars over the
whole County. Weſtmorland is engag'd to Mr. Thomas Machel for ſo many uſe-
ful diſcoveries 3 as its neighbour Cumberland is to Dr.Hugh Todd Prebendary of the
Church of Carliſle : and laſtly, Northumberland to Mr. William Nicolſon , Arch-
deacon of the ſame Church, eminent for his knowledge in the Languages and
Antiquities of the Northern Nations. The ſame worthy Gentleman was pleas'd to
improve this work by obſervations throughout the whole Province of York , the An-
riquitics whereof he has ready for the Prefs.
When 1I-tell you, that the whole buſineſs of Wales was committed to the care
of Mr. Edward Lhwyd, Keeper of the Muſeum in Oxtford,no one ought to. diſpute
the juſtne(s and accuracy of the Obſervations. His diſigence, and known abilic
both in Natural Hiſtory and Antiquities, as they remove all objeQions of that kind,
{o might they do great honour either to his native Country, or any particular
County in England, wherein he ſhould meet with an Encouragement anſ{werable to
the Undertaking. | |
Nor can the additional Remarks in Scotland be queſtion'd, ſince they are
gfounded upon the authority of Sir Robert Sibbalds ; whoſe Natural Hiſtory al-
ready publiſh'd, and the model he has given us of his intended Antiquities, are a
ſufficient evidence how much he is maſter of the affairs of that Kingdom. The
Remarks upon Ireland were alſo ſent us by a perſon very well acquainted in
that Kingdom, Sir Richard Cox Knight.
/ The Catalogues of Plants at the end of each County were communicated by
the Great Botaniſt of our age, Mr. Rey. They are the cfte& of many years ob-
ſervation : and as that excellent Perſon was willing to take this opportunity of
handing them to the publick, ſo were the Undertakers very ready to cloſe with
ſuch a conſiderable Improvement, tho' ir exceedingly enhanc'd the expences of Princ-
ing , and they were po way ty'd to it by their Propoſals. |
Theſe are the chief perſons, by whole friendly aſſiſtance and inclination to ſerve
the Publick, the ſeveral parts of the Britannia appear in the world with ſo much ad-
vantage. Bur Dr. Charlett, the worthy Maſter of Univerſity-College in Oxford,
has been our general benefaQtor ; whom this Work (as all other publick Under-
takings) has from beginning to end found its greateſt Promoter. It owes
much alſo to numbers of Letters and Papers, which ſeveral Gentlemen return'd
out of moſt Counties (either upon a general notice of the Deſign, or in anſwer to
ſome particular Queries,) as the mention of their names, in the body of the Book,
4 reſtiſles,
6 " "HOSES
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A —_— _____—_ —_ —_—_ +1 "7 RE oy —
teſtifies. What improvement it has receiv'd from Sir William Dugdale's Warwick-
ire, from Dr. Thoroton's Nottinghawſbire, from Mr. Burton's Leiceſterſhire, from
Dr. Plot's Staffordſhire and Oxfordſbire, from Mr. Wright's Ratlandſbire, and from
the Accounts of our Author's Life given us by Dr. Smith and Mr. Wood ; will be
eaſily apprehended at firſt ſight. The world is hkewiſe indebted ro Dr. Smith,
for firſt ſending abroad the two Diſcourſes of Mr. Camden upon the Office of
Earl Marſhal.
In ſhort, I can ſafely affirm that I omitted no opportunity of getting the beſt
Information both from Men and Books, that the nature of the Work and the
compaſs of our time would allow. And yert after all, I am too ſenſible, there
are Slips and Errours; as he that ſees with another man's eyes mult of neceſlicy
be ſtumbling now and then. Where the Subje& indeed is a continu'd Diſcourſe
linke together by Reaſons and Inferences , the natural conſequence of one thing
from another will go a great way towards helping a man out, let the writing be
never fo broken and obicure, So long as the main drift of the Argument 1s got,
it is not the change of a word or expreſſion that breeds any difference. Bur our
cale is otherwiſe : for where the names of Men and of Places are fo frequent,
how eaſily does a peculiar way of writing make one miſtake a figure, a letter,
or a ſyllable? On the other ſide, how difficult is it, to give ſuch a clear and full
deſcription of theſe things, as to make a ſtranger frame an exact Idea of them.
'Tis for this realon, that fome Informations (which ſeem'd otherwiſe very material )
are omitted 3; becauſe one cannot handſomly impoſe that upon the World, which
he docs not underſtand himſelf. It's much more honeſt to ſuppreſs a dilcovery ,
-.thar: to rin a viſible hazard of comnittting an errour in the telling it. For a Truth,
before 'wis publithe, as it does mankind no good, fo neither does 1t any harm 3
but an Errour is a publick Infeion,and draws a train along with it wherever 1t goes.
A man would be very unwilling to be thought inſtrumental in ſo many miſtakes,
as the broaching of one fingle Errour may occafion in the World.
- Some, [| know, will take it extream ill that the ſeveral CharaGers ſhould not
run ſo high as they intended them: for inſtance , thar ſuch or ſuch a buildings
ſhould only be call'd Stately,and the Gardens and Walks preat and curions ; after they
Have roundly aftirm'd both to be the beſt in the Kingdom. Now, ſuch lofty Fx-
preſſions are very ſuſpicious, becauſe men are commonly too partial to the af-
- Fairs of their own Country ; and do often fer an extravagant value upon them ,
*for no other reaſon than that they do not look abroad. Like the honeſt old
Shepherd, who could fic at home, and without the leaſt ſcruple, take a model
-6f Rome by the next Country-market. In this particular, our Author Mr. Can-
den has given us a caution by his own example ; who, perhaps, had better op-
rtunities of making exact compariſons than any man living : yet contents him-
Fa {imply to give every place its due charafter , and ſeldom or never lets fall
-thoſe dangerous expreſſions, the beſt, the nobleſt, the largeſt in Engsland.
© Others will make it an Objetion, That more notice ſhou!d not be taken of Fa-
milies. In this too Mr. Camden has furniſhe us with an excuſe , who has declar'd
in more places than one, that Families were but an accidental part of his Buti-
neſs. But if they had been never fo nearly related to it ; Sir William Dugdale
has given us ſuch a clear inſight into them, that this part might very well have
been wavd. The ſame Apology may ſerve for omitting the Religions Houſes, the
Eiſtory whereof we have at large from the ſame Learncd Knight : and if we
want a view of them in a narrower compaſs , Mr. Tamer (by the publication ot
his Notztia Monaſtica) has furniſhe us with an excellent M:nual.
The Tranſlations of Hawſbire, Wiltſhire, Gloceſterſhire , Oxfordſhire , War-
wicksbire , Worceſterſhire, Cumberland, and Northumberland , were ſent us by
the ſeveral Gentlemen who communicated their Obſervations upon the reſpe-
tive Counties. The reſt were Tranſlated by very good Hands ; particularly ,
Rutlandſbire and Leiceſterſhire by Mr. James Wright of the Midd[c-Temple 3
the Preface, Dorſet ſhire and Shropſhire by Mr. Palmer of the Middle-Temple ;
the Romans in Britain, the Rebellion of the O Neals, and other parts by
Mr. I. S.
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chard of Chriſt's College in
The Verſion is plain and natural, and as near the Text as the diffevetit”
Idioms of two Languages would bear. Which, indeed, is all that could be
expected upon a Subjet of this nature ; wherein the ſenſe of the Author ,
with a juſtneſs and propriety of expreſſion, is as much as one can well com-
pals. The crabbed Names both of Men, Places, and Things (which fall almoſt
in every line ) are great enemies to the eafinels of the Sentence 3 and yet
ro quit a Circumſtance in Hiſtory for the ſake of a Turn or a Cadence , would:
prove but a very ill change. "_
The Verſes which occur in Mr. Camden's Text, were all tranſlated by Mg.
Kennet of Corpus Chriſti College in Oxford; who Iabour'd under a muck
reater inconvenience. For in Proſe , it the ſtory be plain and intelligible ,
there is ſomething or other entertaining , and all paſſes well enough ; but
where Poetry comes in play, men's fancies and expectations are preſently rais'd,
and it is not bare Matter of Fa that will fatishe. And yet our old Mon-
kiſh Poets ( ſuch as Jay moſt in Mr. Camden's way ) do ſeldom riſe higher
than a bare relation ; or if they chance to aim at ſomething of Wit and Aix,
it comes off ſo flat and inſipid, that one may plainly ſee they were never
made for it. Here, a Tranſlator has a hard task to mavage; and to keep
ſuch a mean, as to retain the ſenſe, and withal to let it off with ſomie-
thing of briskneſs and ſpirit, requires a great deal of art. Even in this
part (I thick) he has no occaſion for an Apology; but, if he had,
his performance in other. places ( where the Original comes up to the
juſt Rules of Poetry ) would make it for. him. Of all in the Book ,. the
Wedding of Tame and Iſis (cems to run in the beſt vein; whether we
look upon the Smoothneſs, the Thought , or the Compoſition. Who the
Author of it was, is not certainly known; but it we ſhould fix upon
Mr. Camden himfelt, perhaps there would be no occaſion for a ſecond conjeQuye.
One argument is, becauſe he never names the Author ; whereas he could.not
but know him, when the Poem was publiſhd in his own time. Then, if we
compare the ſubje& of it with what he has ſaid of the ſeveral places it rouches |
upon, we thall find them to be niuch the ſame. Very ofren alſo, upon the
mention of that fancy, about the Tamiſes being deriv'd trom the meeting” af ..
Tame and Iſs, he feems to be pleasd with it more than ordinary. And,.-..
which in my opinion puts it beyond all exception, he never quotes the, Poem ,
with any the leaſt commendation, but always uſhers it in with a fort of coldaeſs.
Now, this is by no means agreeable to Mr. Camden's temper, who is always
careful to allow every thing its juſt character. Let it be a Monkiſh Rhyzne,
he never omits to mention it favourably, if there appears the Icaſt dramof wit 5 or
if it has nothing of that tro recommend it, hel endeavour to excuſe it, and tell
you, Tis tolerable for the age he livd in. By this rule, one may be fure thar
ſuch a Poem ſhonld never have paſs'd without a particular mark of honour, if
Mr. Camden himſelf had not been fo nearly concern in it : but ſo far is he from
approving it, that he brings it in with a fort of caution, or rather contempr :
* Let it not be thought troubleſome to run over theſe Verſes. +If you can relſb *p:g 147
them, || If you wonchſafe to read them. * You may read or owit them as you pleaſe.'5, Rn
Expreſſions becoming Mr. Camden's modeſty when he ſpeaks of himſelf ; but* x.241,
264.
very unlike his candour in the charaCters of other men and their works.
The Maps are all new engrav'd, either according to Surveys never before
publiſh'd, or according to ſuch as have been made and printed fiece Sexton
and Speed. Where aQual Surveys could be had, they were purchas'd at
any rate 3 and for the reſt, one of the beſt Copies extant was ſent to ſome
of the moſt knowing Gentlemen in each County, with a requeſt to ſupply
the defets, refifie the poſitions, and corre the falle ſpellings. And that *
nothing might be wanting to render them as complete and accurate as might be,
this whole buſineſs was committed to Mr. Robert Morden, a perſon of known.
abilities
ae and Hz tingdonſhire by Mr. -
4 is F
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4 IBXS a « ">" "
4 a 5 R 2 odd + ”
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n
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w_ on +046, 28 <p E © : "i.
ns
abilities in theſe matters, who took"eare to reviſe them, to ſee the ſlips of the
Engraver mended, and the correQions, return'd out of the ſeveral Counties, duly
inſerted. Upon the whole, we need not ſcruple to affirm, that they arc
by much the faireſt and moſt correct of any that have yet appear'd. And as for
an error here and there; whoever conſiders, how difficule it is to hit the exact Bear-
ings, and how the difference of miles in the ſeveral parts of the Kingdom perplex
the whole ; may poſſibly have occafion to wonder, there ſhould be ſo few. Eſpe-
cially, if he add to theſe inconveniencies, the various Spellings of Places ; whercin
it will be impoſſible to pleaſe all, till men are agreed which is che right,
I have
heard it obſerv'd by a very Intelligent Gentleman, that within his memory, the
name of one ſingle place has been ſpell'd no leſs than five ſeveral ways.
Thus much of the Work. For the Vndertakers, I muſt do them this piece of
juſtice, to tell the world, that they ſpar'd neither pains nor expence, fo they might
contribute to the perfeQion of the Book, and the ſatisfaction of the Curious. | That
they have fail'd in point of time,was occafiond chiefly by the Additions; which are
much larger than either they at firſt intended,or any one could reafonably expe trom
the Propoſals. A Gloſſary had been added, but that Mr. Camden himſeli has
made it needleſs, by explaining the more obſcure Words, as he had occaſion to
mention them. A Catalogue of the Seats of the Nob:lity was alſo defign'd, but
upon ſecond thoughts was jadg'd unneceſlary ; becauſe the greateſt part of them
have their place in the body of the Book,
— — — —— _—O—
ADVERTISEMENT.
There are now in th: Preſs, and will ſpeedily be publiſh'd,
Compleat Hiſtory of Engiand ; written by ſeve-
A ral hands of approv'd ability : containing the
Lives of all the Kings, their on engraven in Cop-
Per 3 ſeveral Coins, Medak, Inſcriptions, &c. for 11-
uſtration of matters of fat, A Map of England, no-
ting the Battels, Sieges, and remarkable places men-
tion'd inthe Hiſtory. And atche end, large Index's ;
and a Gloſlary, explaining all difficult words and
terms of art occurring in the work. The whole to be
contain'd in two V
will be publiſf'd in Trmity-TZerm 1695. A miore par-
ticular account of this Work may be ſeen inthe Pro-
p_ for printing this Book by Subſcription, to be
of the Undertakers R. Chiſwell, B. Aylmer, A.Swal,
&c. Bookſellers in London ; as alfo of all other Book-
_ ſellers in London and the Country.
A new Volume of 4« Pin's Hiſtory of Eccleſiaſtical
Writers ; being the Hiftory of the Controverſies and
other Eccleſiaſtical Affairs tranſated in the Church
during the Ninth Century. Englith'd with great care.
Will be ſpeedily publiſh'd by 4. Swe!l and T.Child.
Books latily printed for A. Swall and T. Child, at the
Unicorn in St. Paul's Church-yard. Viz.
A New Hiſtory of the Lives and Writings of the
mes in folio, the firſt whereof
BOOKS lately printed for A. and
J. Churchil 7 Pater-noſter-Row.
5 vor od Chronicle of the Kings of Scutland,
Folio.
Mr. Locke of Human Underſtanding, Fol.
— —— his Thoughts of Education, 89.
Dr. Hody of the Reſurretion of the (ſame) Bo-
dy, 8*.
Fkiony Works compleat, Fol.
Boethins de Conſolatione, made Engliſh ; with Anno-
tations by Richard Lord Viſcount Preſton, 85.
Mr. Talent's Chronological Tables of Sacred and
Prophane Hiltory, from the Creation to the Year
1695.
Biſhop Wilkins of Prayer and Preaching, enlarged
by the Biſhop of Norwich and Dr. Williams, 8.
Mr. Tannner's Notitia Monaſtica, 8*.
Two Treatiſes of Government : The firſt an An
wer to Filmer's Patriarche, The latter an Eilay
concerning the true Original, Extent, 'and End of
Civil Government, 82.
The Fables of «£/op and other Mithologiſts,made
Engliſh by Sir Roger L'/{range, Kr. Fol.
Three ſeveral Letters for Toleration.
Primitive Fathers, and other Eccleſiaftical Writers ;
ether with an exact Catalogue, alſo an Abridgmenrt
all their Works ; and an account of their various
Editions, together with a Judgment upon their Stile
and Doctrine ; and a Hiſtory of the Councils. Writ:
ten in French by LE. 4s Pin,and Engliſh'd with great
Additions. In ſix ſmall Volumes in folio, containing
the Hiſtory of the Church, and of the Authors that
flouriſh'd from the time of our Saviour, to the end of
the Eighth Century.
Theatrum Scotie : containing a ſhort Deſcription,
and Proſpects curiouſly engraven in Copper, as large
as the ſheet, of the Caſtles, Palaces, and moſt confi
rable Towns and Colleges ; as alſo the remains of
many ancient Churches and Monaſteries of the
Kingdom of Scotland. Written by Fobn Sleezer,Cap-
tain of the Artillery Company, and Surveyor of His
Majeſty's S:5res in that Kingdom 3 and printed in
Folio, on Royal Paper. |
T. Lucretii Cars de Rerum Natura Libri ſex : quibus
Interpretationem & Notas addidit Thom. Creech Col. On.
an, Soc. cut 61am acceſſi: Index Vocabulor. ommium. 8*.
Conſiderations about lowering the Intereſt, and
raiſing the Value of Money, 8*.
Sir William Temple's Hiſtory of the Netherlands, $5.
— —— Miſcellanea, 8*.
Mr. L'Clerc Logica, 125.
Dr. Gibſon's Anatomy oft Human Bodies, with Ad-
ditions, 8*.
Dr. Patrick's new Verſion of the P/alms of David
in Metre, 12*.
Mereton's Guide to Surveyers of the High-ways, 8*,
Sir Paxl Ricaut's Lives of the Popes. Fo].
Sir Simon Dewss Journal of Parliaments. Fol.
Gentleman's Religion, 125.
Two Treatiſes of Rational Religion, 8.
Reprinting ;
Leland De Virs Iluftratibus, )from the MSS. with
Ree large Improvements,
and a Continuation;
Boſton Of Bury, — — — I) by Mr. Tanner.
Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle of the King's of
England, continued down to this time.
Cambridge Concordance, Fol.
Mr.
_»* 2A, 27 jon wy
—
RT &1 WHY 7 UE F105 7
2 4444535 MA ee t
\ILLIAM CAMDEN wa
borniin the Old-Baih,ia London,
May 2. 1551*. His tather Sampſon
Camden was 2 Painter in Lon-
? Jv, don; whither he was ſent very
young, from Lichfield, the place of his birth and edu-
* D,a7i0-
cation. His mother was of the ancient Family of
+ &e thar he Curwens, of Workinton, in the County of Cum-
county, un- berland. Where or how he was brought up ill
der the titi® ewelve years of age, we muſt; content our, ſelves: to
nd a M3. be in the dark, ſince his awn Dierie gives us no in-
in C71: Gght into that part of his Life. There is a tradition,
Jo, #.6, that he was Scholar of the Blew-coat Hoſpital in Lon-
don; which, if true, . aflures,ys, that his Father left
him very young : (becauſe che particular confticution
of 097 ans admits of none Jam
Fire of London,: which conlum'd, the Matriguler
books, with the whole Houlg,jhas cut off all
lity of ſatisfaion in that point, VE
-».2- y. When: he came to be twelve years old ;. he, was
rept ing- Teiz,d by the Plague*, and remov'd tp. Ifingten, near
we. 2147: London. Being fully recover'd, he was ſentto'Peal's
School, where he laid the foundacion:of thatniceneb
and accuracy in the Latin; and C tq which he
afterwards arriv'd. 3 26 ns of his circumſtan-
ces gave him no pro any' matters;
and _ his Friends ny 14. any ſuch fine
Parts thould be loſt, and a Youth in.all relj ſo
promiſing, be thrown away, for want of encourage-
ment. Nothing was to be done without a Patron,
whoſe Favour might countenance him in his Studies,
and whoſe Intereſt might ſupply the narrowneſs of
his Fortune.
At that time, Dr. Cooper (afterwards promoted to
the Biſhoprick of Lincoln, and then to that of Win-
cheſter) was Fellow of Magdalen-College in Oxford,
and Maſter of the School belonging to it. To his
Care he was recommended, and by his means, pro-
bably, admicted Choriſter. No proje& could have a
better appearance upon all accounts. For as his gra-
dual advancement in that rich and ample Foundation
would have been a ſ:ttlement once for all, ſo onein
the Docor's ſtation muſt on courſe carry a conſide-
rable ſtroke in the buſineſs of Ele&tions. Bur as pro-
miling as it look'd, when it came to the puſh he
af
miſs'd of a Demie's place. So, defeated of his hopes | pleated
and expectations in that College, he was forc'd to
look out for a new Patron,and co frame a new Scheme
for his future fortunes.
The next encouragement he found, was from
Dr. Thomas Thornton. By him he was invited to
Broad gate-Hall (fince call'd Pembroke-College, ) where
he proſecuted his Studies with great cloſeneſs ;
"I the Latin Graces, usd by the ege at this day, are
ki. 5 aid to be of his compiling. Among his other ac-
p2!,, Qquaintance, he was umn fas in the two
Long, Carews, Richard and George, both ofthis Hall, both
Boan's ad- _ ingenious, and: both Antiqueries. For tho' the
1," firſt was a Member of Chriſt-church, + he had his
wi gue of CHamber in Broad gate-hall ; and Sir || Wiliam Dug-
tin Jale's affirming the ſecond to have been of Uni-
MCAMD EN
hans... : But the.
=
3{ it was
and | tures, and ſo be admitted to proceed. His Suppli-
firname being Members of this houſe about the ſame
time, I know not whether we may date his more
ſercl'd inclination to Antiquities from this lucky fx
miliarity and mdence. *'Tis certain, that
\nothing ſets ſo quick / an edge, as the converſation
of eguals; and 'tis by ſome ſuch accidents that men
wy rally determin'd in their particular Studies
Here be continu'd almoſt three years: in which
ti y.. his diligence and integrity, he had ſertl'd
INE ſo firmly G the good onion of his'Patron,
that when eg hrmog . was O_—_— 6 anorry of
Chriſt-gharch.*, be .carry'd him along with hin, « g., ;
and encertain'd him fn bs Guitl Lodgings. ' He was oder 1
chen ſearce'20 years 01d :an age wherein the ſtudyof ® '+*
;Arts-and Sciences, |and, the want of a j e fo-
[Jid enough, excule men from mich app to
the deep points of Religion'and Controverſie. /' And
yet even; then, his reputation upon that account coft
im a 4x, uglueny rn He ſtood for
F p of At-Souls College 3” but the Popiſh
party, (ſuch, ac-leaft, ' whole inclination lay that -
way, - whatever their, Profeſſion was) out of an ap-
ion how. little his advancement was like to
make for their cauſe,” oppos'd it 'fo zealouſly, that
'd againſt him. Many years after, upon
an imputation Popery, (which we ſhall have oc-
caſion to ſpeak to by) f'among other” teſli- , zpin. 195
monies of his fidelicy co the Church of England, he
urges this inſtance as one. For thetruth of it, he
appeals to Sir Daniel Dun, then Fellow of the 'C6l-
lege, and a perſon/ whoſe prudence and integrity re-
commended him more than once to the choice of
the Univerſity, in their Eletions for Parliament-
Afffer five years ſpent in the Univerſity, and ewo
remarkable bs pet in his Aran tO-
wards a ſettlement ; his poor condition put him un-
der a neceflity of leaving that place. Whether he
had taken the Degree of Batchelowr does not certain-
ly appear. That in June, 1570. he ſupolicated for
it, is evident from the || Regiſter of the Univerſicy ; || KK. fol.
but no mention . made of what anſwer he had. ?**
Three years after he ſnpplicated again for the ſame
Degree, and ſeems to have took it; but never com- 1573.
it by Determinations. However, in the year
1588. * he ſupplicated the Convocation by the name of ? Wood's
Wiliam C Batchelor of Arts of Chriſt-church, That þ, _ -
whereas from the time he had taken the of
Batchelor, he had ſpent 16 years in the ſtudy of
Philoſophy and other Liberal Arts ; he mighe be
diſpens'd wich for the reading of three ſolemn Le-
cation was granted, upon condition he ſtood in the ods
following At; which ic ſeems his other nccaſions
would not permit him to do, nothing a ing of
it in the Publick Records of chat time. When he
atrended the Funeral. of Sir Thomas Bodley, he had ,
che of Maſter of Arcs voluntarily offer'd him Wood's; ber
by che Univerſity ; buc then, he had no occaſion Ewe om
Cl:pe., verſity-College, ſeems occalion'd by twa of the
for't, having eſtabliſh'd his reputation upon a becrer
bottom ; and ſo, ic ſeems h declin'd Ke - he
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| Ancitato ſatu magnam FAnglie partem fide oeu
Weed are. his own Sock, in his * Anſwer to Br
that Trea- he muſt mean that interval of four or five years, be-
He - tweet his bidding adieuto Oxford, and his advance-
ment to, the ſecond Maſterſhip of Weſtminſter-
School. He had powerful motives to induce him to
this ſegrch-aſter Antiquitlts. His gwn natural genjus
lay fo g that way, *that eve when he was y
©
Scheo-boy;he could neither hear nor ſce any thing
an antique appearance, without more than ordinary
attention-and notice. While he was in the Univerſi-
ty, not a ſpare hour but it went upon the ſame bu-
ſings. When he came to be engag'd in the tedious
buſineſs of teaching School, ' he would fain have
weand himſelf from his old Trade, have drawn back
hjs inclinations, and have confin'd his thoughts, as
well as body, to the natrow bounds of a School. But
U was .in vain: the itch till returt'd, and ſtuck fo
faſt by him,that he could not get rid of ic. When a
Vacation gave him liberty to look abroad,he declares
it. was nat in his power to keep within doors : the
bent of his. own Genius was always pulling hitn out ,
not. to, impertinent viſits idle diverſions, but to
Entertainments which he reliſh'd above all theſe ;
_ ſacely Camps and ruinous Caſtles, thoſe venerable
Monumens our _ ers. EP RENE:
- vThis propenſity of nature was ſeconded by the im-
| Een of ' Friends, and feceiv'd very early en-
+ Anſwer
to Brooke. noble. Sir Philip Sidney was always ne him for-
bi whilſt i rt - atd we ng bi * the
ewo Goodman; ( Gabriel and Godfrey Bodars in
Divinity): up his ſpirics, with ſupplies both of
Books gud oney. The inteceſt alſo which the for-
._ met of theſe had in the Collegiate Church of wef-
- winſter, procur'd him the place of ſecond Maſter in
- that School;
-| for fo m
|
it liſh, and” upon
icular account.
___—_ upon it with almoſt all the diſadvanta-
kat could arrend any Undertaking. It 'was a
Eire of Learning that was then but juſt peeping into
the world ; when that heat and vehemence of S4boo!. -
Divinity (Which had poſſeſs'd all figarts and hands
hundred years before) began to cool by
little and Wgle. For while that humour of: Mera-
phyſical nigkties continu'd, it was @ entirely the en-
tertainmeat and ſtudy of the Age , that little elſe
couldedge in with it. No room for Poetry, Ora-
tory , Hiſtory. But when polite Learning came
upon the ſtage, and the ſweetneſs of a Greek or Ro-
man Author began to out-reliſh the crabbed nori-
ons of the School-men, the vein tura'd wholly the
other way, and this latter was thrown aut of doors.
Then the ifiduſtry of Learned men wasentirely em-
ane upon publiſhing and refining ſuch Authors as
ad lately got tooting in the world. And yet after
all , the Hiſtorians did not yield that pleaſure and
ſatisfation which might be expected from ſo much
niceneſs both in language and compoſition ; be-
cauſe they could not follow them through all the
Scenes of Adtion, nor frame their conceptions to the
ſeveral marches of the Armies. To remove this in-
convenience, they began to make particular Surveys,
to fix the old places in their proper ſtations, and to
aftiſt the imagination by repreſenting the Towns and
Roads in Charts and ' ables.
Italy was the firſt place where this light broke ont ;
and there the difficulty was very inconiderable. The
remains of the old names was direftion enough in a
reat many caſes; and where that guide fail'd them,
they were helpt out by their Hiſtories 5 which in-
ment from perſons of che beſt rank. 7 The
deed are fo many, and withal fo very particular in
_ the leaſt circumſtance, that they even point out
the Places, and excuſe one from any tedious ſearch
and application in ſettling the Geography. France,
Spain, and Germany had not this 42s na ſo high
a degree ; but yet as they had their ſhare of the
Roman Arms, fo had they the good fortune to come
under the hands of che Roman' Hiſtorians. Theſe
were ſufficiently acquainted with their affairs,by their
nearnels to Ita, and their long ſubjeRion to the Ro-
man Empire ; and fo deſcrib'd them with a tolerab!e
exatn But Britain was another world to them ;
a. > [e/ cannot imagine but his fame ſpread in the
ingdom,proportionable to his knowledge of ir; and
uently muſt not doubt that a perſon of fo great
and accordingly when their Pens engag'd in our
matters, they were not able to handle them fo nice-
nes.could want applications from all hands | ly, but were forc'd to clap up things in genc-
.A
. to: pndertake the Antiquities. of his native Country.
Mon ifficulties, on one hand, appear'd fo ver
andthe helps, on the other, 1o very inconſi-
.,9erable, . that nothing could prevail upon him to en-
.. gage in ſuch a frightful tack. So that what Colle&i.
ons and Obſervations he had hitherto made, ſeem to
have been only deſign'd for private ſatisfation, and
to. queach a ſecret thirſt, which Nature had brought
| along with him into the world. In the mean time,
Ortelins (11 that great reftorer of Geography, as he terms
him) took a journey into Eagtond, and apply'd him- '
ſelt particularly to Mr. Camden, as the beſt Oracle
one. could poffibly conſult about the ſtate and
ali of tie Kingdom. The tender regard he
had for the honour of his Country , back'd with the
authority and perſwaſion of this great Man,wrought
him by degrees into ſome ſort of compliance ; and
laſt, over-rul'd him intoa reſolution of improvin
We poſing his Papers, in order to che w
9. farisfaion of the Publick.
:.;Now he is engagd in the Work, give me leave to
tr ER orough the ſeveral ſteps and advances he |
make in t; and to ſuſpend a little the conſideration
”
of oth . Heads,any farther than as they fall in with
ch Deſign {t was the glory of his Life, and chere-
by” # » Is F © =
T 15 concern'd that it be fetin a true
-
-
ral terms : a way of writing that makes it very hard
to trace them. So that here, the beſt direction in
that fearch, ſeems to be the old Irinerary of Antoni-
nus ; and, God knows, a heap of bare names, with-
out me circumſtances of Aion, is but a very poor
guide.
However, as poor as it was, it had been a much
more comfortable bottom to ſet out upon, had it on-
ly been ſound and entire. But ke found it fo man-
gled, either by the Tranſcribers negligence or igno-
rance, or 'both, that he plainly perceiv'd he muſt
retihe and patch up that, before he could go any
farcher. Moſt ancient Authors of any note, have
been ſufferers that way ; but this kind (wherein
miles and diſtances are compendiouſly expreſsd ) is
particularly expog'd to the ill treatment of Librari-
ans. Had Figares never been invented, we had been
eas'd of a great deal of trouble,that piecing up of Di.
ſtances andChronologies does now give us. There was no
way to cure this, but by colleQing the wvariow Read-
ings occaſion'd by fuch blunders, and letting the
whole matter be determin'd by the majority of Co-
pics. To this end, he lefe no corner unſearch'd,
from which he might reaſonably promiſe himſelf ei-
ther Manuſcript or printed Copy of Antonines's Iti-
nerary, Ptolemy's Geography, or the Notinia ; fo far at
—_—
—_—
| udins excolere cep;, inclinatione neſcio qus ad inveſtigandam Antiquit atem tottus Paper : vehm nolim bhuc me ra-
; alteo ut in >chola, que cunqu
cg eritar mae axis Bu cavulr'm ' Anſwer
EET
n bxc
#tiari, Ibid. Srichevis in Middleſcx,
' t udebanm, mijnime tamen ' Narui. Neque mmim
arcum imen'ium bebe cums Tie: > non petui nou hes
Fare vidchantur avide arripugrim ; adoleſcens in_Mcadem: helejebpicts peſos Vaeuwe
. to Brooke, pag.1. Þ Paftes ad wrbom accefi ; ubi y4 [44> hog hay Yeu-
cun ©
et quiſque noftr ith jub its fonei, aut natura con-
wd:a recolere, & ſubina. in las wel illas Angiin
no
leair
home were alh ſerto ſtarch", ith
abroad , " Orteline), © |
-
.
T.,
Aulpurg ; eons he
that branch of them which belong'd to Britain.
are ſince-publiſhe by Yelſes 'ander the of the
Peutingerian-Tables; the Authority whereof Mr. Cam-
den raakes ute of throughout his whole Brirams.
Aicer he had frxe this'point, and 1” eo trace
out the old Tows:s and Sraffony, heconfiderd that the
Romans did not frame'a"niew.hame to every place
they conquer'd, but generally contented 'themfelves
with what they found ; only'fl'd off a litrle of che
roughneſs, and cloath'd it in a falhionable garb. That
the names and places mention'd ir Britain by Lacin
Authors, as eafie as they ſounded , 'as' fpruce and
court-like as they appear'd, were yet all barbarous at
the bottom, and ot a pure Briſh extration. It was
a language he had no knowledge of; and fo in fer-
ling the ancient places, whenever he came to mu-
ſter up his prob25:/:r:es (for indeed a great many of
them are capable of no better evidence) he was al-
ways jealous that ſomething was lodg'd in the mean-
ing of the name, which (if he knew it) might ei-
ther deſtroy the notion he had advanc'd, or confirm
him in his preſent opinion. This brought a new
cask upon him, and a very heavy one too; the con-
quering a Tongue which had no manner of relation
to any one he was maſter of before. However,there
was this comfort, it was a living language, and he
wanted not Friends who were Criticks in it.
His entrance upon the Saxon-affairs quickly con-
vinc'd him that the knowledge of this Language
was neceſſary to his deſign, as much, if not more
than that of the Britiſh. Theſe latter Conquerours
were not ſo modeſt as the former. The ality and
extent of the Empire, was what the Romans aim'd at;
and if the Britains could but have patience to ſub-
mit, they might ay what they had, and live as
quietly as they pleasd. Burt the Saxons ( whatever
they might pretend) came over upon another er.
rand : their buſineſs was not Dommion, but Poſſeſſion ;
and when they had gain'd their end by driving off
the poor Britains, they made ir their next buſineſs to
root out all memorial of them. "The old names
were chang'd, new methods of Government fram'd,
and in a ſhort time every thing had a Saxon appear-
ance. So that now almoſt all our names of Places
are originally Saxon ; and Mr. Camden thought it as
vain an atrempt to ſer about his deſign wichout this
help, as to take a Survey of Greece or Italy, and all
the while not know one ſyllable of che Language of
either Country.
Thus every new Monſter that ſprang up, was
more terrible than other. The poor Britains carri-
ed their Language along wich them into the Weſtern
parts of the Ifland, and there defended both it and
themſelves againſt any mixture of foreigners. It was
only tranſplanted, and the change of Soil did ir lictle
or no harm : f that to this day 'tis preſerv'd entire,
but only for a word here and there of Latin origi-
nal, which by their long intercourſe with the Ro-
mans, had dropt in among it. Had the Saxons took
the ſame courſe upon the Norman Invaſion , and
when they found themſelves out-match'd, only re-
folv'd upon ſome corner for a retreat, and ſtood it
out to the laſt ; cheir's too might have been a "thee
Language to this day, and learnt (as we do French,
Spamſh, or kalian) with a little ſtudy and converſa-
tion. But their ſubmiflion to the Norman , was the
lok- of both their Liberty and Language. A mix-
ture of Pride and Policy makes the noiſe of aforeign
-Diale&- very difagreeable to the ears of moſt Con-
querours ; who look upon it as a reproach, to ſe
the Langage reign, when they have ſubdu'd the
' William, after he had wrought himfelf in-
co a'fort of 'Sertlement, and thought he might be
nary Tabs in | un
had vm |
®* [ngulp,
P.7 1,85.
: Mar. Par.
ub 4n.
the latter end of Henry the ſecond, would paſsat this
day Moc good broken Engliſh, and be intel; ible c-
nougnh. CAE $10.98
Affcer ic was diſus'd in common Converſation,” we
cannot imagine that the Books ſhould be much mind-
ed. The Monks indeed were concern'd' to E
their Charters; but thoſe who ſeiz'd upon *the
Church-Lands at the Diſſolution of Monafſteties ,
were as much concern'd to have them deſttoy'd.
And to do it the more effeQually, they wiſely burnc
whole Libraries together; or if they fav'dchery out-
of the fire, ic was wich no other deſign than' ro fur-
niſh the Shops of Mechanicks with waſte: Paper.
The havock was ſo univerſal, and the uſe of them) fo
licle underſtood, that it was purely by change that
any were preſerv'd. 975 20
With what reſolution muſt we ſuppoſe & man
arm'd, to engage in a work of ſo much confuſion ?
A Language that had Jain dead for above four hwin-
dred years, tobe reviv'd ; the Books whereinit was
bury'd, to be rak'd out of aſhes; and ( whicty' was
yet worſe) thoſe Fragments, fuch as they werej*ſo
very hard to be met with. Almoſt the whole ſtock
of the Kingdom came into three Cole&ions 5 tha'of
Archbiſhop Parker, given to Bennet College in Cam-
bridge ; aw pas Laud's given to the Bodleiaw-Li-
brary ; and that of Sir Rebers Cotton, now the richelt
Treaſure of that noble Library. »
Nor was this condition peculiar to the Saxon Mo-
numents : all our Engliſh Fiftorians were in the fame F
circumſtances. They tuffer'd as much by the Diſlp-
lution, lay in as many holes and corners, 'and*were
alcogether as hard to come by. * And yer wirhour
theſe, Mr. Camden's deſign was at a ſtand. Iti/was a
true ſenſe of the uſe ot ſuch Originals, and of his
own great misfortune in not being berter furniſh that
induc'd him afterwards to publiſh an entire: Volume
of them. Sir Henry $awil collefted another; and
thoſe two Leaders have bzen follow'd by the Editors
of che Decem Scriptores, by Dr. Wats, Mr. Fulman,Dr.Gale,
and Mr. Ibarton. Had he entred upon his work with
theſe advantages, he had mer with his Materials in
a much natrower compaſs, and found his task infi-
nitely more eaſie.
Thus, the ſame hand remov'd the Rubbiſh, laid
the Foundation, and rais'd tne Fabrick. The*vid
Irinerary was fettled, the Britiſh and Saxon Tongues
conquer'd, our ancient Hiſtorians perus'd, *fevera!
parts of England furvey'd ; and now he durſt-think
of reducing his Collections to ſome method and or-
der. Ir had been above ten years in growing, when ;
the firſt Edition came out, 4». 1586. dedicated to
that eminen: Stateſman #;lliam Lord Burgbley, Trea-
ſurer ro Queen Elizabeth. How well it wasreceiv'd,
we may appeal to the ſeveral Editions. In the com-
| paſs of four years, there were no leſs than three at
Lk beſides that at Francfort in 1599. another in
Germany, and again another in in 1594 To
en.
4 B:hdes his Travels befor2 he came to WelZmiinſter, an1 bis frequent Excurſions, fo often as his buſineſs in the School wonld give him leave ; in
Arth 15 $2, be took a Jowary into Yorkſhire through Suffolk, and retern'd throvgh Lancaſhire. Ser his Diary,
bear
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adds oberg
are generally but coo fond of their own, and ſo in-
clin'd to partiality in the main; yet 'tis certain, that
every Author underſtands the particular failings of his
Work; infinitely better than the niceſt Critick that
tends to cenſure it. Juſt as an intimate acquain-
cance fees farther into the odd humours and ill quali-
ries 'of his friend, chan another that but accidentally
i is com ONCE Or tWiCe.
* Bar the genes applauſe it met with could not
draw-hirtt to'any extravagant choughts of what he
hadidone already, nor tempt him to ſlacken his pur-
ſvit for the furure. No, he that had weighd the
matter, knew beſt what could be done, and what
vaſt improvemenes it might receive from time and
opportunities, His own ſearches led him daily into
new diſcoveries, the continual information of Friends
encreasd the treaſure ; both theſe help'd him our of
numbers of doubts and ſcruples, and ſo made way
for new matter, which he had ſuppreſs'd before our
JENS
en ere
leaſt thoughes of ir, that ill the whale bu
over, he did not dream of any ſuch
anſwer, That *twas
of 2"teridernefs of impoſing Errors upon mankind,
Thus; when a deſign is well laid, it thrives ſtrangely :
matrer breaks in upon us; almoſt whatever we
Woad, hear, fee, or do, turns one way or other to the
main account. And when the Standard is thus fixt,
aſliltance pours in from all parts, as it were, to the
| not commonly heard of.
_ head-quarrers.
£00
" After thi
(eine, and be gatherin
* Moſt of the other Editicns had been refin'd, en-
Aarg'd, and correted by the Author: but they came
t
o
* with Sir Robers Cotron, But in the
hoſe preparations for a more cotnpleat edi-
tion, he was unexpeRedly interrupted; and' inſtead
of laying'ourt his a> pray and endeavours after freſh
diſcoveries, was call'd to a defence of what he had
already publiſh'd. |
*D.5m (Hi -The” occaſion 'of it was this. * In the year 1597.
Camden. **
Þ: 34+
the death of Richard Leigh Clarenceux King at
. Sir Fulk oor (—mr neuen Heyy: M
«; een, as a perfon every way i or the
lo and one be had bivhly deſerv'd of her Ma-
- jeſty and her Kingdoms. The Queen, without more
ado, gives him a grant, and Mr. Camden accotdingly
'was Cfeated; OFob. 23. in the ſameyear ; having the
day: before. been 'made Richmond- Herald, becauſe by
; the Conſticution none can be King at Arms but who
F599,
has been firſt' Herald. Ar'that time Mr. Brooke was
York-Herald, who, upon Leigh's death preſently had
faſt. ppon him to do ſo much as he deſir'd..
of 1594. he refolv'd it ſhould relt for foe |
... Two years after, he took a |
journey to Serum and Wells, and return'd by Ox- | for fear a little time and conſideration might break
Bird. *Afeer two years more, he travell'd as far as | their meaſures
_ "Carliſle, 'al
midlit ofc
Was.
=
news was a pe to him. And when'my-
Lord Burleigh (who was his great Patron): d.
his diſſatisfaction, that he had not apply'd bimſelf to
him upon that occaſion ; he modeſtly recurn'd this '-
| purely a chought'of 'Sir Falk Gre-
vil's, withoutſo much as his knowledge.
It was not much for the reputation of the former®; * 11a!
to throw off his true name Brokeſmouth, and take that
of Brooke, as one of greater.vogue and dignity. Per-
haps Mr. Camden had as little cemptation as he, to be
fond of his Family upon account of any eminence it
could pretend co, eſpecially onthe Father's ſide. And
yet fo far was he from being aſbam'd of his mean-
nef6, ſuch a pious and tender regard did he preſerve
for his memory, that even out of reſpe& to his Trade,
he lefc a gilt Bowl of 16 4, price to the Company of
Painter-ſtainers in London, with this Inſcription, Gul.
Camdenus Clarenceux, filius Sampſonts,Pittorts Londinenſic,
dono dedit.
Afcer Mr. Camden became a member of the Col-
lege, he diſcharg'd his office wich great inteprity, and
maintain'd an amicable correſpondence with all his
Brethren. How far his Adverſary may lay claim to
this character, let the following inſtance witneB.
* Upon a private pique againſt one of the College, * ><
he contriv'd ſuch a malicious piece of revenge, as is
He employs a man to car-
'Ty a Coat of Arms to him ready drawn, to pretend
that it belong'd to one Gregory Brandon (a Gentleman
chat had formerly liv'd in London, but was then gone
over into Spain,) and to defire he would fer his hand
to it. The man does his errand very formally; and
». pretends that the: Veſſel which was
to carry it, was juſt ready to ſer ſail. He, ſmelling no-
thing of the deſign, without more ado receives a re-
__ and puts the Seal of the Office, witch his own
Name, to the paper. Preſently Brooke carries it to
Thomas Earl of Arundel (then one of the Commiſiio-
ners for the Office of Lord Marſhal,) aſſures him
har theſe are the Arms of the Kingdom of Arragon
with a Canton of Brabant ; and that that Brandon, to
whom he had granted them, was a mean incon-
| ſiderable perſon, The Earl acquainted che King
| with the whole matter, who reſfolv'd that he ſhould
' not only be turn'd our of his place, but, upon a fair
hearing in the Srar-chamber, be ſeverely fin'd for his
affront to the Crown of Spain. However, upon the
interceflion ofthe Earl of Pembroke, he grew a lic-
tle calmer, and was prevail'd upon to refer it wholly
co the Commiſſioners. When they came to a hea-
ring, the Gentleman who had been thus impos'd
an «ye upon that preferment, and doubred not but | upon, ſubmitted himſelf entirely to the mercy of the
the ſtation he had already in the Colege would ſecure | Court ; but wichal defird their Lordſhips to conſi-
it to him, The greater his aſſurance was, the difap- | der, that *ewas a pure over-ſight, and that it was the
pointment lay ſo much the heavier upon him ; and
(as men who by too much ſtreſs upon their own me-
rits, are always hurry'd on to revenge upon the leaſt
injury,) his next buſineſs was, to find out a fair op-
unity of ſhewing his reſentments. Mr. Camden
at the end of each County has drawn down the Hi-
ſtory of the reſpe&ive Earls: and he thought, pro-
bably, that if a quarrel could be pick'd in the buſi-
nels of Families, it would be moſt ſuitable to his
preſent purpoſe. The plot was well contriv'd, if the
charge could have been made out. As it would have
thewn Mr. Camden's forwardnefs in engaging himſelf
on a ſubje& he was not Maſter of ; fo would it have
convinc'd the Government of their unreaſonable
choice, not only in preferring a perſon who knew
little of the matter, but (which was worſe) in re-
xecing one that was an abſolute Critick. After two
years ſtudy, he publiſh'd a Book with this title, 4
Diſcovery 0! certain Errours publiſh'd in print in the much
co itannia, &c. without licence, without
name either of Printer or Bookſeller.
Before we enter upon the merits of the cauſe, be
pleas'd ro obſerve by the way the different humour
and carriage of the ewo Parties. It was an opinion
' importunity of the meſſenger which drew him to the
' Going it without due deliberation. Brooke, on the
other hand declar'd openly in Court, that ic was
from beginning to end a contrivance of his own,
to gain an opportunity of convincing their Lordſhips
of the ſordidneſs of the other, who tor the ſake of a
lictle money would be guilty of ſuch a groſs piece of
knavery. They were amaz'd at the confidence of
the man; and when His Majeſty heard the circum-
[tances of the caſe, he had them both committed co
priſon ; one for treachery, and the other for care-
leſfinels. The party accusd preſented a Petition to
the Commiſſioners, humbly requeſting chat they
would uſe their intereſt wich his Majeſty for his gra-
cious Pardon. This was ſeconded by an ample
Teftimonial under the hands of his Brethren, ſetting
forth their concern for his misfortune, and the grear
integrity wherewith he had behav'd himſelf in all
other matters. Brooke too got Friends to intercede
for him : ſo, after a ſevere Reprimand from my Lord
Chamberlain, they were both diſmiſc'd.
Bur, to return. By this time one will be eaſily
convinc'd, that it was not any concern for Truth,
or for the honour of the Engliſh Nobility, which
in-
EI - N
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inducd him to lay open the
but a vein of ill naturepw
ations. And the-ſucceſs:of-ic whs\ani
o *
for
the next year MraCamdes reprinted
and at the end of it publiſh'd-a:leatned Defence ot
himſelf and his Work. He modeſtly declares, That
tis very poflible he might fall into ſeveral Errors ;
that, for his part, he ne'er pretended to be exempt
' from the common failings of mankind ; but con-
ceives, however, that ailowance ought to be made to
flips here and there, when men deal in ſuch a varie-
ty of matter : that he thinks himſelf, notwithſtand-
ing, very coarſly treated : and to ſhew at once the
impudence as well as weakneſs of his Adverſary, he
clears himſelf from his objeRions upon undeniable
authorities, and then ſhews into what palpable mi-
ſtakes this great Reformer had drop'd, even in the
midlt of his Criticiſms.
As this made him a fair inſtance, how malicious
practices do generally return upon the author; fo che
publication of another Book in the year 1619. gave
him ſome farther experience upon the ſame head.
It was a Catalogue of the Succeſſion of Kings, Princes, and
Dukes, down from William the Conquerour, with their ſe-
weral Arms. * Mr. Camden made a Colle&tion of
*mith, theErrors in it ; not ſo much thoſe of haſte or in-
"P37 advertency, (no, he had liv'd too long in the world
not to know that thelz were the common failings of
mankind ) but ſuch as were downright blunders,
and the pure effects of his ignorance. He was now
roo old and infirm to endure the fatigue of cloſe
ſtudy, and thought he had too little time before him
to beltow any of ie upon quarreling and controverſie.
But Mr. Vincent, a perion admirably skilld in the
buſineſs of Families, (then only Pourſurvent under the
title of Rouge Croix, but afterwards made Windſor-
Herald, and f Keeper of the Records in the Tower)
undertook, upon this occaſion, to convince Mr. Brooke
that he had not ſuch a ſhare of infallibility as he had
flatter'd himſelf withal. He publiſh'd this Anſwer
in the year 1622. With what ſuccels and applauſe, I
appeal co the commendations of Mr. Selden, and of
other learned men, which appear in the beginning
of the Book.
Another branch of Mr. Brooke's accuſation againſt
Mr. Camden, was Plagiariſm. He conlider'd likely,
that drawing down of Families was no part of
Mr. Camden's Office when he firſt publiſt'd his
Britannia ; that it was alſo an accidental thing to
the deſign of a Survey ; that therefore the World
would make allowance for little miſtakes in Genealo-
gies ; and upon the whole matter, was afraid thatthe
objections he had rais'd upon that head would not
be much damage either to the reputation of the Book
or the credit of the Author. To ſtrike home, he
endeavours to inſinuate, that how gay ſoever the
compoſition might look, and how uniform foever
the work appear'd, yet if men would be at the crou-
ble to examine, they might find the ſumme and ſub-
ſtance of all that was ſaid, in the poſt humows papers of
Glover and Leland. So that if this ſuggeſtion did bur
take, Mr. Camden had no farther ſhaie in it, than
ranging a parcel of Jlooſe papers into a little method
and order. Methinks ( by the way) it might have
been ſome excule, that poflibly Glower and Leland,
(whom, forfooth, he follow'd ſo cioſe) had lead
him . into ſome of chole many Errors he precends
to. corret in his Britannia. Why ſhould not
they ſhare in the miltakes, as well as they do in
the uſeful diſcoveries ?
The former of theſe, Mr. Glover, was Somerſct-
Herald, and ſo eminent a maſter of his Profeflion,
that ( in Sir Wiliem Dugdale's opinion) Mr. Camden
and He were the cwo greateſt men that hadever been
of the College. Had he liv'd out the common term,
he would have made a greater figure in the world,
and we at this day might have enjoy'd che fruic of
his Labours. But he-was cut off at 45 years of age,
and left behind him a confus'd maſs - of Collecions,
which were purchas'd afterwards by my Lord Bur-
kigh, and communicated to Mr. Camden, - Of what
uſe
they were co him, any one may be eaſily con”.
»
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——
his Briramis with thoſe Pa-
cepotred-'in the Archives of the
= Miſcellanies of that nature ace generally
d- his -Bridennis, {nb-more than; ſhort hints to: carry us ro ſomething
furcher, and/'are heap'd up togecher wichoue any
thing of conſideration. So that 'tis impollible fot
any but the colleor to dive into the true meaning
of moſt things, and unbecoming a perſon of eom-
mon judgment and curioſity to lay much ſtre& upon
any. Bur if chey had been as ſerviceable to hint as
his Adverſary would per{wade us, I cannot fre how _
he could be fairly charg'd wich ingraticude or 'itte
juſtice, ater he has more than once afforded Mr. G1s-
ver ſuch an * honourable character.
As the Itinerary of Mr. Leland has gain'd a grea-
trom me to injure the memory of that great man.
He was the firlt chat turn'd the eyes of the Kingdom
upon that part of Learning ; and ler it be faidro his
immortal honour, What he did was faithful, and
what hEdeſign'd was glorious. |
In the year 1533. (25 Hen. 8.) he had a Com.
miſton under the Broad Seal, wheteby he was tm-
power'd to ſearch the Libraries of all Cathedraks, Ab-
bies, Priories, Colleges, &c. And in the 28."year
ot the fame King, he obtain'd a ſpecial diſpenfation
to keep a Curate at Poppeling, where he was Re@or;
having repreſented to his MajeſtyThe great advan-
tage might be made by travelling over England.
When he had got together large Collections, he fix'd
in London, with a deſign to tall about ſuch Books
as he had encourag'd the King to expe, when he
obtain'd his Diſpenfation Allo, in the 37 of Hen.8.
he preſented that King with a Scheme of the ſeveral
projets he had laid, under the title of a New-years-
gitt, wherein he promiſes a deſcription of Britain, as
under the Romans; a ſurvey and hiſtory of each
in 6 Books; and a work concerning the Nobility'of
Britain, in 3 Books, Butthe very next year (outot
an apprehenſion, as moſt think, that he ſhould "
ver be able to compleat what he had undertaken) he
tell diſtrated, continu'd fo to his dying day;”
left his Papers in confuſion. The greateſt pi
them are now in the publick Library at »
preſented to it by Mr. il;am Burton Author of the
Antiquities of Leiceſterſhire, into whoſe poſſeflion
had at laſt come through ſeveral other hands.”
only work, I think, that he left compleat, was;*his
Lives of the Britiſh Writers, in Latin : wherein te has
been but coarſly us'd by Bale, Pits, and ſome-others,
who, 'tis faid; have made up their Volumes
that ſubje&, in a great mealure out of Leland's tote.
Bur now, at laſt, he is like to have juſtice done
by a diligent and judicious Author, from whom*"we
may ſhortly expect an accurate edition of that pate,
with ſuitable improvements. p
But the main charge. againſt Mr. "is
grounded upon the Survey of Britain, and of the
Iles ; for, I think, any one will excuſe him in what
relates to the Romans, that does but conſider what
mad wock they made of ir, who undertook to fertle
the old Towns in Britain, before Mr. Camden. Now,
giving theſe poſthumous Papers the ſplendid title of
an I:merary, flouriſhing upon the number of Books
proportionable to the Counties of England, and to
back theſe, obſerving that Mr. Leland roundly affirms,
chac he had ample materials ready by him ; all this
looks very big,and is an admirable handle to any one
chat has a mind to employ his ill nature. But men
would do well to conſider at what a low ebb Learn-
ing was then, and what a plauſible figure ſeveral
things make in the infancy , which atter a little
__ and i appear to be very incon-
iderable. To deſcribe the courſe of 4 River,
the diſtance of one Town from another ; to
you whether a bridge was of wood or of ſtone, or
how many arches it had ; was an nſcful piece of
inſtruction 'at that time, when . Was
not much in faſhion. And one may ſafely
then more
afficm, That theCoun:ies of England were
C ſtrangers
@ Deferice
a2ainlt
Brooke. 1.5,
ter name and eſteem, fo it will be harder to remove £ricarns
the objection rais'd upon that bottom. Far be it <q
County, in 60 Books ; a ſurvey of the Britiſh Uſes, ” *
l vi s ds A LS : . :
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n
The LIFE of Mr, CAMDEN.
® Letter to
Bp. Ujber.
was-tookt upon as 2 mighty proje& which at pre-|
Romans an Cabines, and very formally drawing up
the Armies en both ſides ; a man ſhould preſently
conclude that each of chem could not be leſs chan a
hundred thouſand ftrong. When all the while, their
ſer Barrels would hardly amount to a fally or a skir-
ſhould
——_— —— A
have be:n-more diligent. ' He was not content to
vnder ms immediate care,
they | unke& ( like the good old Orator ) he put himſelf in
a condition to be a Guide to them, even after it
pleaſe Providence to remove him.
His Predeceſſor, Dr. Edward Grant, had compos'd
' a Greek Grammar for the uſe of his School. This, Mr.
Camden by long experience had found to be infeveral
things deficient and in the whole frame not fo well
ſuited to the deſign,as one would defire. So, he con-
eriv'd a Scheme of his own, the effet of ewo and
twenty years obſervation ; che method whereof, up-
on the publication, appear'd ro be fo clear, eahie,
and compendious, that it has ever ſince been taughr
in moſt Schools throughout England, as the beſt In-
croduction to that Language.
While he was conſulting the intereſt of the Li-
miſh'at this day. If men would carry this conſide- | ving, he did not forget to pay a juſt Veneration to the
ration along with them , they might find chat the | Dead. When the tatigue of the School oblig'd him
change- of things between the times of theſe two Au- | to look our for a little recreation, he refreſh his Spi-
chors, had render'd a good part of the former's [ti- rits by viewing the ſtately Monuments of Antiquity.
nerary altogerher unuſeful to the Britannia of the lat- | Thoſe, I mean, which are ereRted to che n1emory of
ter: The contrivance of Maps had given them at | the Kings, Queens, and Nobility of England,in the
once a view of the whole Kingdom, and the corre- Cathedral Church of Weſtminſter. And that ir
ſpondence(occafion'd by the improvement of Trade | might not be in the
wer of time or revolutions
and Commerce) had inform'd every Mechanick in | to deprive Poſterity of the fame pleaſure, he copy'd
what before would have been a good diſcovery.
them all out, and publifht them in the year 1600.
That h2 had ſeen the Itinerary of Leland, he does| with an Hiſtorical Account of the Foundation of
not deny. That he likewiſe made ule of it is plain, | that Church. He had allo took fome pains in col.
becauſe he hastold us fo in ſeveral parts of his Book. | leting the Monuments in the Churches and Chapels
But do not they two very ofren jump , without | of the Univerſity of Oxford , as appears from the
any mention of Leland's name?lt's very true they do; | Fragments of them ſtill remaining.
but ſuppoſe I fay that Canterbury is a City, that there
Bnet this was only the fruit of his ſpare hours, and
is a ſtately Caſtle at Wi»dſor,that Oxford is an Univerſi- | the buſineſs of a particular place. The next publick
ty ; am 1 therefore a Plagiary, becauſe Leland or | Service, was his Volume of Engliſh Hiſtorians, pub-
any man elſe has faid fo before me ? Suppoſe alto, I
obſerve that St. Auſtin repair'd an old Church at
Canterbury, that St. Cuthbert was the Saint of Dur-
ham ; can any man have ſolirtle ſenſe as to fall up-
on. me becauſe I make uſe of Bede's authority rather
than Leland's? Can we think Mr. Camden travelld
England with his eyes ſhut? Or it he carried them
open, that he could not diſtinguiſh a Wood from a
F or a Mountain from a Meadow, as well as the
oe Mankind ? And why then all this pother a-
Plagiariſm ? He fer out with a prodigious ſtock |
liſhe at Francfort in the year 1603. and dedicated to
his Patron Sir Fulk Grewil, as an acknowledgment
for the good office he had done him, when he was
rao mage to be King at Arms. This it was, that freed
im from the attendance of the School, that put his
time in his own diſpoſal;and(like the Manrtwan Poet)he
was not ungrateful to his Mecenar,nor forgot to pay
the firſt-fruzts of his eaſe and quiet to this his Bene-
fator. Part of them were never before publiſhe ;
and ſuch as had ſeen the light, he ſent abroad much
more correct and accurate, What great lighe they
of. Learning almoſt in all kinds, he furvey'd che | give into the affairs of the Engliſh , Normans , Iriſh ,
of England, he had accek to all Libra.
— Na the ath{tance of Learned men
both at home and abroad ; and if any can believe that
one of Mr. Camden's temper would make no uſe of
theſe opportunities, but rather ſpend thirty years in
piecing up the remains of others, let him enjoy his
own opinian. All I can fay, is, that the publication
of Leland's Kinersry would be the beſt dence of Mr.
Camden.
In the year 1607. he put the laſt hand to his By;-
tanmia; Which gain'd him the titles of the Varro ,
Straby, and Pa/anias of Britain, in the Writings and
Letters of Learned men. Nor didit ever afcer meet
with any enemies that I know of ; only,f Sir Simon
D'Ewes Encourag'd us to hope for Animadverſions
upon the Work, after he had oblerv'd toa very great
man, that there was not a page in it without a fault.
But it was only threatning ; and neither the World
was the better, nor Mr. Camden's Reputation e're
the worſe for it.
One cannot well conceive how the compals of a
man's Lite ſhould have brought a Work of this na-
rure to greater 10n. Bur, alas, it had but a
ſmall ſhare-in his hours. Yet tho' his time was divi-
ded, the whole was ſpent in the Service of the Pub-
lick. He was always exher exciting the preſent A
to Virtue and Honour, by repreſennng to them
Venerable Monuments of their Anceſtors ; or tay.
ing as Foundation for the happmels of Poſterity, by |
foragng Youch into Regis and- Learning. They
areawa Profcfhons to look-quice different
that-
ways; abd yer he manag'd: chem to fuch. advantage,
ther if-he actos abroath, 'eis hard to
#+ vt hy kai k : *
>
and Britains, 15 nonews to thoſe who think it worth
their while co look into the Hiſtories of their own
Kingdom. And if theſe few be of fo much conſe-
quence, what might be expeRed from the whole bo-
dy of our Engliſh Hiſtorians ? If but a lictle taſte be
fo delightful, what pleafure might we promiſe our
ſelves from a full meal ? To fee them all rang'd into
order of time ; to .have thoſe that are already pub-
liſhe, refin'd by the affiſtance of Copies ; and foch
as lye ſtill in Manuſcript,refcu'd at laſt from duft and
aſhes : what a fatisfation would this be to the cori-
ous, and what an honour to the Nation ? If it had
been done a hundred years ago, *tis more than pro-
bable, that the ſame hand which gave us the Bri-
tamnia, had furniſht us likewiſe with a Civil Hrſfory. * Brito:
That he had once ſet abour it, * himſelf has told us
that — him, was this confufron of our old
Hiſtorians. hen they are got together, 'tis then
time enough to think of an Univer{al Hiftory ; bur
'tis a little too foon to talk of melting and refining,
when the beſt part of the Ore is ſtill under arable
The next year gave him an opportunity of pay-
ing a publick reſpe& to his great Friend and Ac-
quaintance Sir Robert Cotton , by the edition of his
had defign'd to dedicate this Work to Sir Falk Gre-
vil; bur the Volume of Hiforians having already ri-
ven him ah opportunity of making his acknowteds-
ments chere, he now thonght it a piece of duty to
ſhow his gratitude ro Sir Robert, a Perfon , whoſe
Converfation and Library wete the main fuppbre of
The diſcov
of the Gunpowder-Plor gave him the
employing his Pen in the Service of
rhe
next occaſion
Remains. It appears by the Original, that ar fGrft he.
under the
- * .
3 title Nor-
and I no way doubt, but one of the preateſt rubs mas.
Ss my
— a_
The L1-F E'of 'Mr. Came.
——
appoint a ſolemn Thankſgiving for that deliverance,
but alſo thought ic neceiſary to convince foreign
Nations of the juſtice of his proceedings ; and to
give timely notice to the Retormed Churches a-
broad , to be always upon their guard againſt
thoſe inveterate Enemies of the Proteſtant Reli-
gion, Mr. Camden was pitch'd upon as a per-
fon beſt qualified to draw up the whole caſe in a
Latin ſtile agreeable to the ſubjet. It was publiſh'd
the Publick. His hank was not content only to
«Li- in the year 1607. and * was rank'd among the Books
exprelly prohibited by the Church of Rome in
'x* 1667.
The Grammar, the IWe/tminſ/ter- Monuments, the Vo-
[ume of Hiftorians, the Remains, and laſtly the Pro-
| that mens writings and actions do meet with a more
favourable conſtruction, after they are once remov'd
out of che world ; but if what he had deliver'd with
the urmoſt ſincerity, ſhould after all give offence to
particular perſons, that he ſhould" however be out
of the noiſe of their clamours, and beyond the reach
of their diſturbance. Tho' the whole was finithe in
the year 1617. as appears from his * Epiſtles ; yet he * Epilt.:47.
perſiſted in his reſolution againſt all the importuni- © '55-
ties of Friends. And left the common fate of poſt-
humous Papers ſhould be urg'd againft him, he took
care that a fair Tranſcript of it ſhould be | depoſited + pureani
in the hands of his intimate Friend Petras Puttiayes; 7 P.52
and kept the Original by him, which is now inthe gic.247.
Library of Sir Fobn Cotton. So the ſecond Tome
ceedings againſt the Conſſirators 3 tho' they are all of | came not out before the year 1625.
them highly uſ-ful , and very well becoming the
Character of Mr. Camden, yet they fall far ſhort of
his Britamia. And no wonder : they wete only the
truic of his ſpare hours; like ſo many digretfions
trom his main deſign : and while that was growing, |
l-em intended oniy to convince the world that he
was not unmindful of the publick intereſt. The laſt
ot theſe was publiſht the ſame year that he put the
laſt hand to his Britannia : fo that now he was at li-
berty to ſet about in earneſt, what he had had in his
eyefor ten years before, the Annals of Queen Eliza-
beth.
This Work was begun in the year 1597. at the in-
ſtance of Wiliam Lord Burgbley ; who had both an
entire Veneration for the Queen , and by his con-
ſtant favours had that intereſt in Mr. Camden , to
which few or none could pretznd. Burt he dying
the very next year, and the difficulties of che Work
ſenſibly encreaſing, Mr. Camden did not prolecute it
with ſo much reſolution as formerly: , but began to
have a ſort of indifference whether he brought ir to
any head or not. This coolneſs was encreasd by the
death of the Queen, which hapned fome years at-
rer. But when he ſaw no one that had more ſtrength
and leiſure would take the task upon him, now the
care of his Britanria was pretty well over, a fRtrong
|| The Records and Infruments out of which he ex- ||Dr.SmizZ's
trated his Annals, are moſt of them, if nor all , in &=9..
Cotton's Library. By a Manuſcript of Dr. Good-
man's (who was afterwards Biſhop of Gloceſter) we
learn, that He deſir'd them of Mr. Camden, as a Le-
' gacy, when he dy'd ; but had this anſwer return'd,
That no man ſhould have commanded them more
freely, if they had not been promis'd to Dr. Bancroft
Archbiſhop of Canterbury. Upon his death
tranſlated the right of them to his Succeſſor Dr:Garge
Abbot, (who had undertook to publiſh them ;) and
the Biſhop tells us in the ſame Manuſcripe, that he
had heard Archbiſhop Lad ſay, they were depoficed
in the Palace. at Lamberh. *Tis probable, theſe were
only ſuch as related ro the Eccleſiaſtical Affairs of
that time, which Mr. Camden did not think him- *
ſelf ſo immediately concern'd in. Bat what
were, cannot now be known : they muſt have been
deſtroy'd in that havock and confuſion made in the
Library of Archbiſhop Lau4 by Prinne, Score, and
Hugh Peters ; for upon a diligent ſearch made by the
lare Dr. Sancrof+, at his firſt promotion to the See of
Canterbury, not one ſcrap of them appeard.
From the end of Queen Ekzebherb to his own
death, he kept a * Diary of all the remarkable paſſages *Since pub-
in the reign of King Fames. Not that he covld fo |. :>4:.
lenſe of gratitude ſpurr'd him forward, and he could | much as dream of living co make uſe of them himfelf,
not be wanting to the commands of the beſt of Pa-
trons, nor the memory of the beſt of Princes. So,
* in the year 1608. he fell to digeſting his Materials;
but did not publiſh before the year 1615. and came
no lower than 1589. As it had been long expected
and earneſtly deſir'd by the Learned , fo did it meet
with an agreeable reception from all hands, as ap-
pears by the ſeveral Letters of Thanks from the
greateſt Perſons of that time. And a very eminent
man of our own Nation fcruples not to affirm, that
this, and my Lord Bacon's HifFory of Henry the ſe
venth, are the only two Lives of the Kings or Queens
of England which come up to the dignity of the
Subje, eicher in fulneſs ot matcer, or beauty of
compoſition.
The pleaſure which the firſt part afforded,encreas'd
the application of his Friends, and made them fo
much the more importunate with him, to conſider
That the infirmities of old Age were drawing on a-
pace, and that he could not better employ the re-
maining part of his time, either to the ſervice of
the Publick, or the fatisfa&tion of the Curious, than
by going on as he had begun. Eſpecially conſider-
ing, that himſelf had been an eye-witne(s of the
latter part of her reign, and maintain'd an intimate
correſpondence with ſome who had bore the greateſt
ſhare in the Government. How little it was Mr.
Camden's humour to leave things imperfe&, let the
Britannia witnels. But the res he met with in
the buſineſs of Mary Queen of Scots, and the pri-
vate relentrments of ſome perſons who thought him
too ſevere in the character of their Anceſtors, were
enough to have made him ſtop his courſe , and
not venture any farther in ſuch a troubleſome
road. That Hiſtorians raiſe theraſelves almoſt as ma-
ny Enemies as they, tell Truths, is a juſt, tho' very me-
lancholy obſervation ; and the publication of this
gave him ſo large experience of 1t-, -a540-make him
precnphnly reſolve that the ſecond pare, ſhauld net
ce the tight till after his death. He wiſely conſider'd,
|
at that age, and under theſe many infirmities which
a laborious lite had drawn upon him. Bur he was
willing however to contribute all the affiftance he
could, to any that ſhould do the fame honour
to the reign of King Fames, which he haddone
to that of Queen Elzaberh. If this were practis'd
by Perſons of Learning and Curioſity, who have
opportunity of ſeeing into the Publick Affairs of 'k
ingdom ; what a large ſtep would ic be towards a
Hiſtory of the reſpective times ? For after all, the
ſhore hints and (tritures of that kind, do very often
fee things in a truer lighe than regular Hiſtories;
which are but coo commonly written to ſerve a Parry,
and fo draw one inſenſibly our of the right way.
Whereas it men are left to themſelves, ro make their
own inferences from fimple marrers of fa&, as they
lay before them, tho” perhaps they may often be at
a loſs how to make things hang tagether, yet their
aim ſhall be ſtill true, 2nd they ſhall hardly be mi-
ſtaken in the main. One fingle matter of ta&t faith-
fully and honeſtly deliwer'd, is worth a thoufand
Comments and Flourifhes. 1
Thus, the intereſt of the Publick was the buſnefs
of Mr. Camden's life,and he was ſerviceable to Learn-
ing till his dying day. For fo mach merit, one would
think the greateſt rewards too meatr : but a' ligele
ſerv'd bs turn, who always thought it more horie-
rable to deſerve , than to have preferments.” * Me * Ep.:9s.
never made application to any man for prometion';
but ſo long as he faithfully diſcharg'd the *
bad, was content to truſt Providexce for whir ſhould
tothe Charch of Satis.
bury, beitow'd upon him by Dr. Feb» Pier: ,
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The LIFE of
Li
+ 4-3
—_— ——_
of chat See.) What ſarisfation it was to him” to ſee
At Weſtminſter ({ays he) God ſo bleſſed my labours, that
the fruics of his induſtry in the School, learn from his
own expreſſion of it in a Letter to Archbiſhop Uſber.
the now Biſhop of London, Durham, and St. Aſaph, ro
i 95.. -
dd * KA
Norman Writers, gratefully acknowledges, that the
Elogium Emma, the Writings cf Gulzelmns Pittavienſis,
and feveral Catalogues of rhe Nerman Nobility who
came over along with the Conquerour, were all ow-
ing to Mr.Camden ; and that they were procur'd
ſay nothing of perſons imploy'd in eminent place abroad, and | for him by the intereſt of Pe:reskine.
many of eſpecial note at home , of all degrees, do acknow- |
ledge themſelves to bave been my Scholars.
His acquaintance with Thanx was late ; but when
What a com- | begun,ic was very intimate,and laſted cill che death ct
e reflexion was this, That he had laid thefoun- | that Glory of France, and he Prince of modern Hiſtorians,
dation of thoſe pillars which prov'd fo conſiderable as Mr. Camden afterwards fiil'd him. * The firſt * 2:74
fupporcs
both to Church and State 2 Here he liv'd/
Letter he ſent him, was by the hands of Mr. Life,
* Epiſt.1g5, frugally, and * by bu long labours in the School gather'd a | in the year 1606. Whether this was about the buli-
+ Epiſt.cad. charitable
comented [uffici
maſterſhip of Requeſts, when offer'd ; and kept to
{} Sce above. his School, [| till the place of King at Arms was con-
May 19.
1610.
* See Mid-
dleſex un- *
der Chelfeys
ferr'd upon him without his own application, or fo
much as knowledge.
Theſe were all the Preferments he was ever poſlz(t
of, We might have reckon'd another, if che fol-
lowing proje& had but ſucceeded. Inthe year 1609.
Dr. Surchff Dean of Exeter, refolvy'd upon building
a College at Chelſey, for a certain number of Di-
vines, who ſhould make it their only buſine(s to con-
fute the Errors of the Church of Rome.
for his life, and a ſupply tor all the | neſs of Mary Queen of Scots, 1 know not ; bur 'ti3
ions at his death. + He refus'd a
certain, if Thuanxs had taken Mr. Camden's advice,
he had not given ſo much offznce ro the Englith
Court, by that put of his Hillory,
That he defir'd Mr. Camden's information upon
that head, is plain from his Letter co him ; but whac
particulars were returnd ws know not : only thus
much in general, That he ſhould by all micans be
very nice and tender in the relation of that marter.
Thus far we learn fion Thuanas's own Letter ſent
the next year after, along with the ſecond Tome of
his Hiſtory. Sed walde wereor (lays he) ut tempera-
The Pro- | mentum illud, de quo monueras, in rerum Scoticarum nar-
poſal was ighly approv'd of by King James, who | ratione ubique ſervaverim. Wherein he alſo tells him,
accordingly nominated the DoRor firſt Provoſt of the | that if the Scotch affairs of that time could have been
: and ſeventeen very eminent Divines,under | wholly
; the tigle of Fellows.
paſs'd over, he was ſenſible how much odium
And becauſe ict was evident, | and i!} will he had avoided ; bur char, being ſo very
that matters of Hiſtory would of courſe fall in | notorious, and ſo much in every body's mouth, ict
, with. Controverſies in Religion, they concluded it | had been an unpardonable crime in an Hiltoi1tan to
neceſſary to be arm'd againſt all ſuch caſes ; and{o wave them. That he deliver'd every thing upon the
;, Pirch'd upon two excellent Hiſtorians, Mr. Camden, | authority of ſeveral of that Kingdom, who had been
- and fo rhe whole deſign dropd.
To be par:icular in his Acquaintance,would be torec- |
kon up almoſt all the learned men of his time. When
he was young. Learned men were his Patrons; when
he up, the Learned were his intimates ; and when
he came to be old,he was a Patron to the Learned. So
that Learning was his only care, and learned men
.the only comfort of his life. What an uſeful and
| honourable correſpondence he had ſertl'd both at
home and abroad, does beit appear from his Letters ;
{and with what candour and eaſinels he maintain'd
is, the ſame Letters may inform us. The work
+ he was engagd in for the honour of his native Coun-
try, gain'd him reſpe&t at home, and admiration | indeed make the ſtory much more fair on theQueen's of his
abroad ; fo that he was look'd upon as a common | fide, than either he or Buchanan had repreſented it.
nin Our omiſlion. He was viſited by fix Ger-
man Noblemen at one time, and at their requeſt
wrote his Lemma in each of their Books, as. a teſti-
-mony that they had ſeen him.
.oBriſſontas, Prime Miniſter of State in the French
Court, when he was ſent into England by his maſter
K. Hen. 3. to treat of a match berween his brother
the Duke of Anjou and Queen Elizabeth, would not
return a ſtranger to: Mr. Camden; who, tho' but
ſecond School-maſter of Weſtminſter, and not tall
thirty years of age, had yet thoſe qualities which
effecually recommended him to the friendſhip and
converſation of that great man. Some of the Ser.
yanits of the Ele&or Palatine (who came over about
the match with Elizeberb eldeſt daughter ro King
James) were ſeverely reprov'd by Grater for negle&-
ing to. do ves that piece of honour. He won-
der'd with what face they could ſtay ſo many months
io. England, and all the while Neque con/ulere ejms
orgculum unicum, 'neque _ us aftrum primum,
not conſult its only Oracle, poſh Þ the briehrefi
Star in ic. - With Grazer himſelf Mr. Camden kepe a
wr Pr _ , whilſt he livd; and when
hedy'd, left hint 5 1. for a ring, to be a memorial of
\Qracle, and for a Foreigner to travel into England. |
and return without ſeeing Mr. Camden, was thought |
|
Fobn Hayward, Door of the Civil Law. * They | eye-witneſles, and laid no farther ſtreſs ppon what
to building, but found their Revenues tall ſhorc ; | Buchanan had faid, than as he found ic contirnvd by
them. For which reaſons he deſires, that it any r&-
fle&ions ſhould be made upon it at Court, Mr. Cam-
den would do him this friendly office, to clear him
from all ſuſpicion of being an Enemy to either the
Engliſh or Scotch nation; and to fatisfie every one,
ther he had acted in it with the utmolt integrity.
But King James was extremely offended co tind it run
ſo much to the diſadvantage of his mother ; andthe
more, becauſe he knew ſeveral of the matters of fact,
upon which the charge was grounded, to be utrer-
ly falſe. Whereupon he employ'd Mr. Camden to
Hiſtory, and to tranſmit them to Thuanws ;
It has been faid., That when Mr. Camden's firſt Vo-
lume of the Annals appear d, Thuanus writ ſeverely to
bim, finding that it was ſo different from what had paſi'd
berween them in Letters. If they who affirm this have
| Thuanws's Letter to. produce, [ have nothing to ſay
roir. But iftheir only authority be a current report
of the Kingdom, one may obſerve two or three cir-
cumſtances which ſeem to make againſt it, orart leaſt
to imply that he could have no great reaſon to quar-
rel with Mr. Camden upon that ſ:ore. For, in the
beginning of his Letter ſent along with the ſecond
Tome, he excuſes himſelf, and ſays, he's afraid he
has not altogether obſerv'd that moderation and ten-
dernefs, which Mr. Camden had preſcrib'd, in the
Scotch affairs ; and abſolves him from any falfe
information in matters of fat, when he tells us,
cowards the end of the ſame Letter, that he
ſer down the whole matter as he had it from
particular perſons of that Kingdom : Rem, ut ex Sco-
torum, qui interfuerant, ſermonibus didici, ita liters man-
davi: & ad eorum fidem ſcripta a Buchanano expendi.
So that if Mr. Camden did gratifie his reque!t, and
ſent him his obſervations upon that head, it ſeems he
made no uſe of them. Again, if he had been led
into errors, and thrown under bis Majeſty's diſplea-
fure by any inſtrutions Mr. Camden ſent over,
it might have been expeted from one of his
candour and modeſty, that in the Animadver/ions he
ſhould at feaſt have beg'd his pardon, and let him
know, that when he writ, that was his opinion, but
that he had fince been better inform'd by his Majeſty
and the fight of Records. Whereas, inſtead ot this,
there is a vein of ſharpneſs runs through that whole
Papzs
T Since
draw up ft Animadverfions upon that part of the printed by
which Dr. Smurh,
at the cod
Epiſiles,
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Papgr, and he give nas. Tory laſs, thats.) =} Sao Ns a erate
he had follow'd Bucks cc
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;* WAS
c.mi4 not lodge the Copy-in any ſafer hands.
Ms
jay
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#* p
43145 $Ff- v9
wy
prefling his diſlike of {everat” paſſage 1a
che very. next year, if Thugnw =
choſe errars by Mr. Camden, he might have ms
refkntments longenough before the publication
Annals. 7
*%
>
L401 DCC AT 4 4
»
He {tt'd an intimate acquaintance with Hottoman,
who was Secretary to Robert Earl of Leiceſter ; af-
tzr whoſe return into France (where he was employ'd
on an Embaſly into Germany) they two kept acloſe
correſpondence. |
Franciſcas Pithzus, who fertld a very early familiari-
ty with him ; or Petrws Puteanus, of whoſe fideliry
he had ſo great a confidence, that when he had ca-
ken up a reſolution of ſupprefling the ſecond part of
the Annals till after his death, * he rhought he could
His acquaintan-e at home lay moſtly among the
i» Learned; having no inclination, to court the favour
144 of great men, nor tims to ſpend upon that fort of
attzndance. One that could folve his ſ:ruples, in-
form him in what was new, or any way help on his
Deligns, came to Mr. Camden with a more effectual
Mr7Tbo. Savil of Oxford was one of the firſt of this
kind ; whoſe untimely death in the flower of his age
was a very fenſible loſs to Mr. Camden. But his 1n-
timate acquainrance with his brother Sir Henry Savil,
mad? amen tor it ; who was fo great an admirer
of Mr. Canden's Learning and Goodnels, that he
ys Would fain have prevail'd upon him to ſpendhis latter
days at his houſe in Eaton-College. I am ſure ( | lays
he.) yo might make me a happy man m my old age,
Wwi:hnut any diſcontent, I bope, to your ſelf. I dare lay we
would all do our beſt that you ſhould not repent of your |
living bere. The lame Sir Henry was exceeding ler-
[*p.:51% yiceable to him || in the ſettlement of his H:fory-
- } &*
r .
Gt,
Letture in Oxford ; having experienc'd the difficulties
by his eſtabliſhment of an A/fr:romy-Lefture in the
{ame Univerſity,a lictle before.
Archbiſhop Uſher conſulted him upon all occaſions,
and in return * gave him great afliſtance in the affairs
r= of Ireland ; 7 as the learned Dr. Fobn Fonſton of Aber-
+» \1:.Car deen did in the Antiquities of Scotland.
0s
Sir Robert Cotton was his Companion both in ſtudies
and travels, both at home and abroad. He and his
Library were the two Oracles Mr. Camden general-
ly conſulted ; and his journey to Carliſle in the year |
1 600. was render'd much more pleaſlanc and profita-
ble by the company of ſo true a friend, and fo great
a maſter of Antiquities. Dr. Francis Godwin, firſt, Bi-
ſhop of Landaff, and then of Hereford, afforded him
the ſame ſatisfation in his journey into Wales.
Dr. Fames (the firſt Keeper of Sir Thomas Bodley's |
Library in Oxford ) was very uſeful ro him in his
ſtudies, as we learn from ſome Letters that he re.
ceiv'd from him, I am willing to take this opportu-
nity of publiſhing hr des they al: relate to the
affairs of Learning : and we cannot doubt, but if theſe
had come to hand, the excellent Editor of his Epi-
ftles would have allow'd them a place among the
reſt.
My loving and good Mr. Fame,
V OUR gpreat pains to ſatufie my deſire, omitting there-
: by your private buſineſs, bath beew far more than 1
could w:ſh you ſhould have undergone, and much more
than I can deſerve ; and therefore requirth greater thanks
than in words I can remember : but aſſure your ſelf 1 will
regiſter them up in a moſt thankful mind. As ſoon as
ever the year openeth, with God's grace, I will take a jour-
ney to Cambridge, to ſatwfie my ſelf with Eſlebienſis, end
ſome other ſpecified in your Catalogue, albeit that I ſee in
matters before the Norman Conqueſt, in the paucity of
Writers, they do all trace one another , and therefore few
eſpecial Notes do occur in them. In the mean, with a mil-
lion of hearty thanks to you, and my hearty commendations
1s Mr Cauſton, I reſt, greatly indebted to you, _____-
' Your loving Friend,
William Camden.
+3 4 Ld 5 iT 4
F MPs —
12+ . ? + 3 Me
$4) $+«3'-
Nor muſt we forget the learned | þ
| [abs in1cofer vpon fame
£181 39886. +.
:
roger $3 moſt beart thankiyuw ci.
for opening the paſſage and entrance, and the
p for _ me tmro bu amity.”. And veridyjin
thus bebalf, I do congratulate imwardly 10" myſelf; than 4
bave now gotten ſo good a Friend, oy mi Ts
vow) 1 will moſt willingly perform all offices of rrue þ4
Fz KA
-
ip woatſoever, Only I am ſorry that I was them abſedt,;
when 1 ſhould have enjoy'd | hw the laf wik/ as f
London. But more ſorry am I, that the opportunity
of thoſe good MSS. hath, overſlipp'd me ; for the Printet,
who u 1mpatient of ſtay, s now already forward, and my
occaſions will not permit me to come wow to Cambridge. 1
bave long ſince ſeen Fordon, Gervaſius-Tilburieaſis;
Gualterus Conventrenſis, and Trivet ; fore Copies are
bere extant amongſt my friends ; and lately 1 —_— |
Talbot's notes in Antonini Itinerarium ; only 1 defire's
to look into that Exameron Angliz e»d Notabilia Bris:
[toliz, and Worceſter, if chere be any ſpecial ebſerayptic.
0s 5 4s alſo in the Hiſtorical Epitome of Alexander Eff»
bienſis. As for bis Poem of the Feſtival days, 1 lang fines
read it over. Thus commending my ſelf to'your good Jottle
conjointly, and you both to the gracious protetiion of the
Almighty, I heartily bid you farewell, reſting - -
Doecemb. 6.
Yours moſt aſſuredly, pts
1599+ |
Will. Comdeny«
Right Worſhipful, 44
| M- ancient good Friend Caſper Gevartius lwoing now
| at Paris, -4 man by his works not unknown to
| you ſo converſant among Books, hath written to me 4s mulch
1s berein encloſed. My deſire is, that you would ſaticfie
bim by me, if there be in your Library any ſuch MS
Manilius A/ffronomicon. TI have been inforwid, that there
« one, and that a learned Student of your Univer
conferr'd it with Scaliger's edition. If this be trae,” } wr
earneſt ly requeſt you to communicate thus much with' hins.©
and to underſtand whether be be purposd to ſet out ©
' bimſelf : if not, whether be will be content to impart Wa-""
| riantes Lektiones with Gevartins, who (1 prefurit- I
| much of bis candour) will not defraud him of the binonr
| duz to bis Labour and Learning ; if not, 1 will ſentl you'#'
| Copy of Scaliger's Edition, and deſire you to pet ſome Stu-" ©
| dent to confer it with the MS. and I will [atisfie bim 16 bit
| full contentation, and ſhall reſt indebted to you for your cart
bererm.
|
We<cſtm. 22. Jan.
1614. Aani
Juliani.
Your loving Friend affuredly,
W. Camden, Clarenceux.
Sir Henry Spelman Calls himſelf bis || ancient Friend ;1 x. 15
and in his account of the Sociery of Antiquaries which 8
ſettl'd in London, makes Mr. Camden one of the
chiet I find it before his original Manuſcripe of the
Hiſtory of Terms, by way of Preface ; but the Pub-,
liſher chereof has follow'd an imperfe&t Copy, and
nothing of it appears in the printed Books, It may
be a piece of ſervice to ſupply that defect ; and not
at all unſeaſonable' in this place, fince it gives-ug,
further light into Mr. Camden's Acqpilogs as ;
ſhows us what that age cook to be the molt effectual
method for improvemenrof Ancient Learning, _ -.,
or
in tbe Tirm, at ,
and two Queſt ions were propounded at every meeting, to be
next that lewd 3 o that every — had
d @ ſenight's
|
1s whine s ml noe >< > dechrain g!
a oe the TD oh f vor on : s þ 2 H ory
rs 0 fopeiny. The Liars, and 6 the Maimrevance of « Profeſſor, ha
EE Oniet ereat Fe, 1 trans righe Manour of Bexley
b yn 4 {login F A alters, and' Scholars of
e fa iverſity. this Proavilo, That the
Profits of the faid ,Manour ( valu'd at about 490 /.
per Annum ) ſhould be enjoy'd by William Heather,
his Heirs and Executors, for the term of 99 ycars,
co begin from the death of Mr. Camden : and that
during this time the faid William Heather ſhould pay
co the Profeſſor of Hiſtory, in Oxtord, the ſum of
140 | yearly.
Hereupon, the Univerſity ſent him a publick Let-
ter of Thanks; and becauſe they under!tood, Mr.
Heather was a perlon for whom he had a ſingular re-
ſpe, they yoluntarily conterr'd upon him the De-
| gree of Door of Muſick, along with Mr. Orland
}, | Gibbons, another of Mr, Camden's intimate Acquain-
5 tance. This Civility procur'd them a new Bcneta-
; tor, and a new Lecture. For afterwards, Mr. Hea-
ther, as an acknowledgment for this favour, found-
ed a Muſick Le&ure, and endow'd it with the An-
' ke drew u
|
ut me lying by me, and baving |
been often deſar'd of me by ſome of my Friends, 1 thought | particular Acquaintance. All his Books of Hereldry
good upon a review and aug mentation to let it creep abroad | hs gave to the Office ; the relit, both Printed and
:n the form you ſee it, ine it might be rettified by ſome | Manuſcript, to the Library of Sir Robert Cotton, But
better judy ment. the printed part, upon the-eretion of a new Li-
The Manuſcript is now in the Bodleies Library : | brary in the Church of Weſtminſter , was remav'd
and any one who has leiſure to compare the printed | thither by the procurement of Dr, FJobn Williams ,
. Copy with ir, will find the Additions under Sir Hen-| Lord Keeper of England, Biſhop ot Lincoln, and
7's own hand to be ſo conſiderable,that he will have ; Dean of this Cluurch, who laid hold of an expreſ-
no occaſion to repent of his labour. | lon in the Will,chat was capable of a double mean-
Thus much for his Edxcation, his 1#ks, his Friends. | ing.
Let us now view him in his Retirzgment. He found | He was never out of England; tho' no one could
the noile and hurry of buſineſs extremely injurious to | have promis'd himlclf a more kind reception among
a broken Conſtitution, that was every day leſs able | Foreigners. He choſe a ſingle life ; apprehending
to bear it ; and thought ir was time to contract his | that the incumbrances of a marricd ſtate was like
thonghrs,and make himſelf more Maſter of his hours, , to prove a prejudice to his Studies. He liv'd and
when he had ſo few before him. Thus, when he | and dy'd a Member of the Church of England;
was towards ſixty years of Age, he took a Houſe at ; and gave ſuch clear proots of his entire aftetions
Cbefilhurſt, fore ten miles from London; where he | towards it, that 'tis a wonder how a certain Romiſh-
liv'd cill his dying day , and compil'd the greateſt | Author could have the face to infinuate, * That he *4:2!-24
part of the Annals of Queen Elizabeth. only diſſembled his Religion, and was allurd with $2 ©
About two years before his death, when the pains | the proſpe& of Honours and Preferments. His zeal Hivernia
and aches of old Age had made him in a great mea- | againſt Popery + loſt him a Fellowſhip in Oxford, + Scc abort
ſure uncapable of ſtudy , he enter'd upon another | brought moſt of his Works under the cenſure of the
method of ſerving the Publick, by encouraging o- | Church of Rome, and || expos'd him to the laſh of 353. 2.
thers in the ſame ſearch. He was not content to | Parſons, Poſſevinus, and others, Many of his Scho-
have reviv'd Antiquity, to have nursd and train'd | lars became eminent members of our Church; and he
her up with the utmoſt care and tendernels, | converted ſeveral Iriſh Gentlemen from Popery, as
unleſs (like an indulgent Father) he provided her a | the Walſhes, Nugent, O-Raily, Shees, the eldeſt fon of
Fortung, and laid a firm Foundation for her future | the Archbiſhop of Caſes, &c. Whether ti ee look
Happineb. . It was a deſign he had many years be- | more like the ations of an Hypecrite in Religion, or
fore reloly'd upon; witneſs the Concluſion of his | the effe&s of a tirm perſaſion and a well-grounded
Britannia, Nibil aliud nunc reftat, ©&c. quam ut Deo Opt. | zeal, let the world judge. After ſo many teltimonies,
Max. & Venerande Antiquitati Anathems conſecrarem, | Mr. Camden might very well ſay, * My Life and my « £..9 1.
quod libens merito munc voveo, 8c. Writings ſhall apologize for me : and deſpiſe the re- oi
This was his ious Yow ; and he was willing to | proaches of one + 1/ho did nor fare the moſt Reverend + vid.
ſee it diſcharg” i Fre he dy'd. Where to beſtow | and Learned Prelates of our Church ; || nor was aſbam'd FEpilt.1cs
this Charity, was a point that did not coſt him much | co bely che Lords Deputies of Ireland, and others of bonou- |
tholighe: his own ac tion ,and, other Circum- | rable rank.
ſtances, gayethe Univerſity of Oxfard a fort of title. | In his Writings, he wascandid and modeſt ; in-his
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So, after he had ſertt'd every thing in due form of | converſation, eafic and innocent; and in his whole
Law, he ſent down his Gift by the hands of his in- | Life, eaven and exemplary.
timate Friend Mr. Heather, On theſeventeenth day | He dy'd at Cbefilbur/t, che ninth day of November,
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QUI. FIDE. ANTIQUA. ET. OPERA. ASSIDUA.
BRITANNICAM., ANTIQUITATEM:
INDAGAVIT.
STMPLICITATEM. INNATAM. HONESTIS.
STUDIIS. EXCOLUIT.
ANIMI. SOLERTIAM. CANDORE. ILLUSTRAVIT..
GUILIELMUS. CAMDENUS:
AB. ELIZABETHA. R. AD. REGIS.. ARM ORUM.
(CLARENTII., TITULO, DIGNI TATEM.
EVOCATUS.
HIC. SPE CERTA RESURGENDL-.IIN
CHRNISCO EK...
Q.
OBIIT. AN. DNI. x623. 9 NOVEMBRIS.
ATATIS SUA. 74
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REFACE.
\ Think I may, without the leaſt ſcruple, addreſs the courteous Reader in the ſame words I made
uſe of ewenty years ago, upon the firſt Edition of this Book + with ſome very ſmall additions.
The great Reſtorer of the old Geography Abraham Ortelizs, thirty yu ago, did very carneſt.
ly follicir meto acquaint the World with Brizaim, that ancient Iſland ; that is, to reſtore Britain
toits Antiquities, and its. Ahtiquities to Britain ; ro renew the memory of what was old, illu-
ſtrate what was obſcure, and fſertle what was doubtful, and to recover ſome certainty (as much
as poſſible) in onr affairs, which either the carcſeineſs of Writers, or credulity of vulgar Readers had
cotally bereft us of. A great attempt indeed, not to fay impoflible ; to which undertaking as no one
ſcarce imagines the Indultry requifite, fo no-one really believes: it, but he who has made the experiment
himſelE "Ver as the difficulty of the deſign diſcourag'd me.on the one ids, fo the honour of my native
Country encourag'd me on the other ; infomuch, that whilſt I dreaded the task, and yet could not de-
cline doing what 1 was able for the Glory of my Cpuntry, I found ( I know not how) the greateſt con-
trarieties, Fear and Courage, (which I thought could never have met in one man) in ftrit confederacy
within my own Breaſt. However, by the"blefiing of God, and my own Induftry, I fer about the work,
full. of CET thought, ſludy, and daily contrivance ; and at ſpare times devoted my ſelf wholly to ir.
I have made hut a timorous ſearch afrer the Ecymology of Britain, and its firſt Inhabitants : nor have [
politiyely aſſerted what admits of doubt ; for I very well know, thatthe original of Countries are obſcure,
and altogether uncertain, over-run as it were with the ruſt of age, and, like objes at a great diſtancefrom
the beholders, ſcarce viſible. Thus the courſes and mouths of great Rivers, their rurnings, their conflu-
ence, are all well known, whilſt cheir Springs for the generality lye hid and undiſcover'd. I have traced
the ancient diviſions of Britain, and have made a ſummary Report of the States and judicial Courts of
theſe flouciſhing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. 1 have compendiouſly ſertI'd the bounds of
each, County ( but not by meaſure) and examin'd the nature of the foil, the places of greateſt antiquity,
what Dukes,. what Earls, what Barons there have been. I have ſet down ſome of the moſt ancient and
honourable Families ; for 'tis impoſlible to mention them all. Let them cenfure my performance, who
are_able to make a true judgment, which perhaps will require ſeme conſideration : but Time, that uncor-
rupted witneſs, will give the beſt information, when Envy, that preys upon the living, ſhall hold irs peace,
Yet this I muſt ſay for my felf, that I have negle&ed nothing that could give us any conſiderable koh tO-
wards the diſcovery of hidden Truth in matters of Antiquity, having gotten fome inſight inco the old
Britiſh and Saxon Tongues for my affiſtance. I have travell'd very near all over England, and have con-
mn each County, the men of beſt skill, and moſt general intelligence. I have dilig-ntly perusd our
own Writers; as well as the Greek and Latin ones.that mention the leaſt citcle of Britain. I have examin'dthe
Publick Records of this Kingdom, Eccleſiaſtical Regiſters, and Libraries, Ats, Monuments, and Memo-
rials of Churches and Cities; I have fearch'd the ancient Rolls, and cited them upon occation in their own
ſtile, cho' never ſo barbarous, that by ſuch unqueſtionable evidence Truth might be reſtor'd and vindica-
red, Yer poſlibly I may ſeem guilty of imprudence and immodeſty,who tho'bur a fmatterer in the bufine's
of Antiquities, have appear'd a {cribler upon the ſtage of this learned age, expos'd to the various cenſures
of wiſe and judicious men. But to ſpeak the truth lincerely, the natural aifection I have for my Coun-
ery, which includes the good will of all, the glory of the Britiſh original, and perſwaſion of Friends, have
conquer'd that ſhyneſs of mine, and forc'd me, whether I would or no, againit my own judgment, ro
undertake a work I arn fo unfit to proſecute ; for which I expe& on all ſides t be attack'd with preju-
dice, cenſure, detra&tion, and reproach. Some there are who cry down the ſtudy of Antiquity with much
contempt, as too curious a ſearch after what is palt ; whoſe authority as I ſhall not altogether Night, fo I
ſhall not much regard their judgment. Nor am I wholly without reafons, ſufficient to gain the approba-
tion of men of honeſty and integrity, who value the honour of their native Country; by which I can re-
commend to them in theſs ſtudies a great deal of pleaſure and ſatisfaction of mind, becoming men of breed-
ing and quality. Bur if there are ſuch men to be found,who would be ſtrangers to Learning and their own
Country, and Foreigners in their own Cities,ket them pleaſe themſelves, I have not wrote for {:ch humours,
There are others perhaps who will cavil at the meanneſs and roughnefs of my language, and the ungen-
citenels of my ſtile. I frankly confels, Neither is every word weigh'd in Varro' ſcale ; nor did I deſign to
ratifie the Reader with a noſegay of all the flowers I could meet with in the garden cf E'oquence. Put, *
why ſhould they obje& this, when Cicero the father of Eloquence deny'd, that fuch a ſubje as this could
arHegyerpans, i. C. bear a flouriſh, which, as Pomponius ſaid, is nor @ proper ſubje# for Rhetorick.
Many, perhaps, will fall foul on me, for daring to trace the original of ancient Names by gue{s en'y ;
who, if they will admit of no conjeture, I fear at length muſt exclude F 6 beſt part of polite Learning,
and in that a good part of human Knowledge : for the mind of man is fo ſhallow, that we are forc'd to ex-
plain and follow ſome things in all Arts by gueſs. In Phyſick there are the Syude, 7:2unae, and din, Syw;-
proms, Tokens, and Signs, which in reality are but conjeures. In Rhetorick, Civil Law, and other Scier;-
ces, there is an eſtabliſh'd allowance for Suppoſitien, Bur fince Conjectures are the figns of ſomewhat
that lies hid, and are (as Fabius fays) the direQors of Reaſon to the truth, I always ' accounted: them
=” Engines with which Time is. wont to draw up Truth from the bottom of ' Democtitus's
ell. _
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Mr. Camden's Preface.
But if they will admic of any conjeRures at all, T doubt not, but my cautjouſneks and mod
in the ufe of them will eaſily procure favour. Plato in his Crarilzs would have us trace the griginal of
Names down to barbarous tongues, as being the moſt ancient ; and accordingly, in all.my Erymyg!ogies
and CovjeRures, I have had recourſe to the Britiſh or {Cas 'tis now call'd) the Welſh tongue, which was
ſpoken by che firſt and molt ancient Inhabitants of this Country. He would have the of every thing
to agree with the thing it ſelf ; if it diſagree, I Bis ic go admittance. There. is ( Fay's he)-4n things
vwri, Exnue, Xpoua, a Sound, a Form, a Colour ; if cheſe are not in the word, I rejet ic wich, con-
tempt. As for obſcure Erymologies, ſtraind, far-ferch'd, and variouſly applicable, I thought them nor
worthy to be inſerted in this book. In ſhort, I have been fo cautious and frugal of my conjedtares, that
(unleſs I miſtake) to an impartial Reader, if I ſeem not "Euſeau@r, i. &. lucky in my adventures, 1 ſhall not
ſcem Toawnpt, i C. roo forward in adventuring. And tho' in fo much ſcope, I have ſometimes made gwocon-
jetures upon one and the ſame thing, yet in the mean time I do not forget, that Unizy is the fact d of
Truth. 138
There are thoſe, 'tis probable, who will ſtomach it at a great rate, that I have taken no notice of this
or that Family, when 'twas never my deſign to mention any, but the beſt ; nor all of thoſe neirher, ( for
they would ſwell into Volumes) but only thoſe that lay in the way and method I propo;'d for finiſhing
this work. Yet in another place, 1 hope ( by God's PRIN ) to do foinewhat of this kind for the
honour of the Engliſh Nobility. But whoever takes it lo hainouſly, may probably be of the. number of
thoſe who have been the leaſt ſerviceable to their Country, and who claim their nobility from a modern
date. The ſame perſons, it may be, will condemn me for commending fome who are living; but I have
done it briefly, with moderation, and an aſſurance of their merit, from a wag wing eſtabliſhid by the
conſent of the diſcerning world, and not from a principle of flattery. Yet trom chat commendatian [I
have given them, they themſelves are admonilſh'd, chat their behaviour be not dilagreeable, to the end thar
they may not only ſupport, but encreaſe their charater. Poſtericty, whatever Writers commyt to Paper,
will do juſtice to every one in their Characters; and to them I appeal from this preſent age. In the mean
while, let chem remember, that to praiſe the Good, is but to hang out a light to thoſe that come aſter us ;
for 'tis a true ſaying of Symmachus, Imitation receives encouragement. from the promotion of the Good; and an
emulation to virtuous Attions, 15 raisd by the example of another's Honour, If any one ſays, that I have fought
occaſion to mention and commend this or that perſon, I am ready to confeſs it : for it is not criminal to
uſe the Good with a due refpet ; and we ought to have ſome grains of allowance for the good deſerts of
our Friends. But which way ſoever it comes about, Virtue and Honour have always enemies to encoun-
ter; and men generally expreſs a veneration for whar is paſt, and vent their ſpleen at what is preſenc.
Far be it from me, that I thould be fo partial a Judge of Men and Manners, as to think our age, under
the government of ſuch great Princes, barren of men of worth and character ; but thoſe who grudge the
Virtuous a good name, I fear, may complain, that they themſelves are pointed at by a ſimilicude of man-
ners, in the diſcredit and ſcandal of the bad.
Some will accuſe me of leaving out this or that little Town or Caſtle ; as if I had defigd'd to take no-
tice of any beſides the moſt famous and ancient : nor could it hare been worth while to have mention'd
them, ſince nothing's memorable in them but their bare Names. For that which I firſt propos'd to my
ſelf, was to fearch out and illuſtrate thoſe places, which Ceſar, Tacitzs, Prolemy, Antoninus Auguſtus, Provin-
ciarum Notitia,and other ancientWriters,have recorded ; the names whereof Time has either loſt, chang'd,or
corrupted ; in ſearch of which, I neither confidently affirm what is uncertain, nor conceal what is proba-
ble. But I would not have it laid to my charge, that I have not hic upon all, tho” I have been ac the
expence and trouble of making an induſtrious enquiry ; any more than it is objected to the Miner, that
in digging, whilſt he traces out the greater veins of metal, he overlooks the ſmalleſt and hidden ones. Or,
to borrow that ſaying of Columella, As in a great Wood "tis the buſineſs of a keen Huntſman to take what game he
can upon the haunt : nor was it ever laid to any one as @ fault, that be did not take al, The ſame may be ſaid
for me. Somewhat muſt be left for che Labours of other men. Nor is he a good Teacher (ſays a great
man) who teaches every thing, and leaves nothing for che invention of others. Another age, a new race
. of men, will produce ſomewhat new ſucceffively. *Tis enough for me to have broke the Ice; and I have
gain'd my ends, if I haye ſet others about the ſame work,whether it be to write more, or amend what 1 have
written.
There are ſome, I hear, who take it ill that I have mention'd Monaſteries, and their Founders ; I am
ſorry to hear ir ; but (not to give them any juſt offence) let 'em be angry if they will. Per-
haps they would have it forgotten that our Anceſtors were, and we are, Chriſtians ; ſince there never
were more certain indications and glorious monuments of Chriſtian piety and devotion to God, thanthole;
nor were there any other Seminaries for the propagation of the Chriſtian Religion, and good literature,
however it came to pals, that in a looſe age ſome rank weeds run up too faſt, which requir'd rooting
Our.
But Mathematicians will impeach me, and lay to my charge the groſs Miſtakes I have committed in fta-
ting the Degrees of Longitude and Latitude. But - me a little : I have collated all the Aſtronomical
Tables, new and old, printed and MS thoſe of Oxford and Cambridge, and thoſe of King Henry the fifth.
They difter much in Latitude trom Ptolemy, but agree pretty well with one-another (not that I believe
with Srad:ws, that the Globe of the Earth is remvv'd from its Centre,) and upon that ſcore I have rely'd up.
on them. Burt all differ as to Longitude, and agree in nothing. What therefore could I do ? Since our m
dern Sailers have obfzrv'd that there isno variation of the Compaſls, at the Iſles of Azores, I have th
commenc'd the account of Longicude, which yet I have not every where taken critical dimenſions of I
need not ask pardon for being obſcure, or fabulous, or for making extravagant digreflians ; for I apprehend
no danger of being cenfur'd as unintelligible, unleſs it be by thoſe, who have no caſte of ancient Learning,
and have not fo much as dipe in our Hiſtories: and as for Romances, I have ſhewn them no countenance :
and to keep my ſelf f om ſtragling, I took Pliny's advice, and often had the title of the Book in my eye,
and at the ſame time put the queſtion to my ſelf, What I undertook to write ? Maps have been hitherto
wanted in this Work, which would have added much to the bzaury ofit,and are of infinice uſt in theſe Studies,
eſpecially when there is a deſcription too, Bur this is a defe& which was not in my power to ſupply. Tho?
they are now done by the care of George Biſhop and Fobn Norton , according to the deſcription of thoſe
excellent Chorographers ChriFtopher Saxton and Fobn Norden. But leſt I ſhould exceed the bounds of a Pre-
face : the better to accompliſh this Work, I employ'd the whole bent of my Labours, for ſome years,
to the ſtrict enquiry after Truth (with duty and integrity, for the honour and illuſtration of my Country )
in matters relating to Antiquity. I have not flander'd any Family, nor blaſted any one's Reputation ; nei-
ther have | :«kenthe liberty of deſcanting upon any one's Name, nor violated their Credit , nay, not fo
much as Fefrey's of Monmouth, whole Hiſtory (which I would by all the means I can uſe, eſtabliſh ) is. yet
of little authority amongſt men of Learning. Neither haye I affe&ed any one part of Knowledge, ugleſs
E
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it be that I am defirous to know.I frankly own that I am ignorant,and many times erroneous, nor will I patro-
nize or Yindicate my own miſtakes. W hat Markman that ſhoots a whole day,can always hit the mark? There
are many thinpsin theſe Studies — © 66.4 yo doloſo,which glittering,are not gold, y Errours are owing
eo-a treacherous memory;for whois ſo much maſter of ir,as to treaſure up every occurrence there, fo as to pro-
duce it upon alFoccafions? Many Erronrs proceed from unski £;tor who is ſo good a Pilot as to cruiſe
in the unnavigable Sea of Antiquity withoutTplitring upon Rocks ? perchance I may have bcen led jnto
Errours by the opinion Thave had of others, whoſe authority I have rely'd upon. Nor t7uly « there a falſcr
Flep to be made ( fays Pliny ) 'in the paths of Truth, than when a Ftanch Author aſſerts a falſe thing. Inhabicants
may better obſerve the parciculars of places ; but if they will inform me of any miſtake, I will thankfully
mend it ; and"#d4d what I have unwarily omitted ; what I have been too dark in explaining, I willex-
plain better, when'Thave a clearer light to guide me; give me but protefion from Envy and Contention,
which ill become men that pretend to Candour and Integrity. Yet theſe favours, moſt courteous Rea-
der, let your own good nature, my pains, the common love weentertain for our Country, and the glory
of the Britiſh Name, intercede with you for, in my behalf, That I may ſpeak my mind freely without pre-
judice to others, that I may ſtand upon the ſame bottom that others have done before me 1a the like cir-
cumftances, and that the Errours which I own, you may pardon ; all which, as I rhink chey are better
beftow'd by, than requeſted of juſt and good men, fo I think them not fit to be ask'd of thoſe mean and
undeſerving perſons, whoſe tongues are {landering while their teeth are going, who are carping inall Com-
. panies, full of reproach and malice. I have learnt of the Comedian, that ſlander is rhe treafure of foals,
which they carry in their tongues ; and that Envy {in ſpight of it be ic ſpoken) according to that long and
true obſervation I have made, never harbours but in a ſneaking, narrow, and ſtarveling mind. Generous
Souls, and men of breeding and manners, as they have learne to flight Envy, ſo they have not learnt how
to make uſe of it. - But as for meand my works, there remains nothing, but that I hambly fubmir them
with the greateſt deference and veneration to the men of Learning and Sincerity, who if chey do nor ap-
_ at leaſt , I hope , will pardon what I have attempted out of that zealous affeftion I profeſs for my
ative Country.
Adieu.
TERENTIANVS MAVRYVS.
VERITATEM
DVMOS INTER, ET ASPERA,
'SCRVPOSIS SEQVIMVR VADIS,
FRONTE EXILE NEGOTIVM,
: EF DIGNVM PVERIS PUTES ;
AGGRESSIS LABOR ARDVVS,
NEC TRACTABILE PONDVS.
Through dangerous Fords, o're ways unbeaten too
_ roms mm pn to goz
1s poor can Profeſſors get,
A boyiſh task, below the men of ”
Bur *tis a work of hardſhip when begun,
A load uneaſie to be undergone.
Pro captu Leforis babent ſus fata Libel;
Books take their doom from each Peruſer's will,
Juſt as they think, they paſs for good or ill.
©,
F\ |
_—
—_. a— — —_ Toon F _— Loo A. hes. ts 4 _ * — "X34 _ . — —_— - —
_
&
Ad-Lectorem,
s Þ ' þ wo ISS w%
Agna per immen{um celebrata Britannia mundum
Imperio, pepulo, rege beata ſuo, _
Nunc prodit, renovats nous, ornata figurs :
Autor ills tibs, natior ills 1163.
Camdeni liber eft, ſatu eft dixiſſe ſciemi:
Camdenum neſcu ? perlege, notws erit.
Guilielmus Sydleius Eques auratw.
Ad amicum ſunam Guil Camdenum, Georgii
Buc Equitis aurati Reg, Sp. C, Heptaſtichon.
G quam deſeribs terram, Camdene, Britannam,
\) Tam graphice, tamts curd, grevitate, fideque
Herdum welles Brutonum res ſcribere geſt as
( Hac etenim ſola negle#; in parte jacemss )
Hiſtoric poterat _ nulla Britannae. ©
Hoc tibi reſt at opus, vel non hoc fiet in vo,
Secula quod binos Phanices nulla twlere.
Ad Guil. Camdenum, Edw. Grant Sacrz
Theologiz DoQor.
E Rgone priſcorum Iuſtras monumenta virorum,
B_, Ut poſſis facili contexere ſingula filo,
Que latuere diu c4cu immerſa tenebrw,
Zntiquata nſu, priſcum jo mitorem ?
Unde Britannorum nomen ? quo ceperit ortu ?
Incola quu primms celebres babitaverit oras ?
In quav1s regione doces, quecunque veruſt £
Sunt Urbes, que vers ſimul Comitnmque Ducumque
Stemmata : que terr& dotes: quis limes agrorum,
Ordine perſpicuo perſtring s ſinguls plene.
Epregium molirs opus, vel judice Momo,
Quod ſemper praſens, quod poſters predicet #tas ;
Te Patrie [timulavvit amor, te dotis wetult as
Excitat, ut cuntts patrie ſpatieru m agrs :
Multi multa canunt, tw multum [cribere tentas ,
Hee multo mulros ſuperas, qui multa tulerunt.
Tu Camdenus ers ſeros celebrandus in annos :
Ergo age, quo tends greſſu, patriimque wenuſta,
Ne labor ijte tum deſit cupientibas iſta.
In antiquam Guilielm Camdeni Britanniam,
[BD te deque tuo libro dum ſcribere carmen
Mens congeſta welit, meriti/que intexere laudes,
Inſonuit mea Muſa mibi, quid carmina quaris ?
Sit ſcripiſſe ſatis, quod ſcripfit Horatins olim :
' Hic meret zra liber Soſiis, hic & mare tranſit,
Et longum noto ſcriptori prorogat zvum.
7. W. Gen.
In poſtremam Guilielmi Camdeni Antiqui-
tatum Editionem, Epigramma, G. Ga.
QO—_—_ ſterils quoties tellure recondit,
Luditur optata fruge colonus iners.
Ventifug & nunquam dominus diteſcit arene ;
Ping uis at irriguo flumine terra beat.
Fecundum facunde ſolum Camdene ſecsftt ,
Ilud & ingenis nobile flumen aquat.
Atque ut opims ſolet jatto cum ſemme gleba
Parturit innumeris granula adautta modi :
Sic toties cuſas tibi qus fuit ante libellzs,
Caltior antiquo prodiit ecce liber.
Heu ! nuſquam tanto reſpondent arva colono,
Cujus ab ingenio prominet bis genins ? |
Sume animum. Cim te hinc diſcedere juſſerit at as
Ut queras trita paſcua lzta wid z
Semper Camdenus fimul & Britannia wivent :
Long avns nequit hic, dum manet illa, mort.
4
ER In Guiticlni Camdeni Britanniam. 0
|
AAP Eeis pene foi, geveriſque oblics prieric,
| N Anglia cm jacuis ſemiſepults firw,
O quis, ait, rantion aut animis, aut arte walebit,
Vindice qui traftet uulners nofire manu ?
Camdenzs pairice lugentis imagine mot ws
Ingenuem, artem, animos wverſat ; opemque tulit :
Mortua reft ituit eteris cognomina gentis, |
Mortis & eripuit ſe patriqmque metu ,
Eternum per te, Camdene, Britannia wiv,
Cumque Tus arernkn, tk quoque gente manes.
G.Carleton;
Ad eundem.
Uz vix nota fibi fuit ante Britannia, mtrique
Nance, Camdene, orbi munere nota tuo et,
Ignot £que wvelut furrat non ulla cupido,
Sic modd fic notam mundus uterque cupis.
Sed ramen incaſſum : nimia nom dote ſuperba
Indignum nullum non ſui amoris baber.
Fanxs Gruterw J. C.
Camdeno ſ#o Britannia.
(oe ut Eoas ſol quando adverberat arces
Et procul iwoifis ferit aftra liyentia flammis,
Nox petir Oceanum, wultuſque enaſcitar orhi ;
Sic, wm jubar ut fulgere per Anglos
Ceu Pheb; _ mox ſugit , & bBido dudens
Muk umque ben [« s radiare Britannia cepi,
Non mea nunc Thetis cxm deſerit alba profundum
Gratior exwrpi, pallentes murice vivo
Inftaurats genas, pigro nec (ydus ab Orco,
_ dux wha wertice veſper b,
0 | 76 Britannia mia
Adi Gan Jena tub, a1 0prhne Infula ponto :
ego rupe ſuper ſcuto borrida, & horrids g (0,
** Hinc pelags numen, des ſpices viſitur illinc,
py Piſcoſus hy ne wy, Sang
Atque Ceres s it ſua jerta per agros
* Saxes deinde ſtrues, & ns 7 jon _
* Fronte libri, veluti fervens 2 fontibus unda,
*© Et ſurgens pyramis, noſtr miracula monſtrans
* Tellurss, liber ipſe nequit (far) ommia weſter :
Exero nunc vultus exhauſtos ante ruinis,
Et manc flore meo marcores pello vietos,
Verim erit illa dies chm que micat Anglia forſan
Nebula queretur, cinere occultata, fituque,
Atque alios lychnes dabit ; 14 Camdene negato
Hiſt oricum wincends Chaos , qui noris abunds :
Hzc tib; priſca, redax, tuaque n/que Britannia canto.
Edmundus Bolton.
ce
In Britanniam denuo illuſtratam
Fob. Stradlingus.
| en in Oceano quondam notiſſima, cecis
Delituit tenebris 1x bene nots ibs.
Ingenis (Camdene) tui radiate tentbras
Lumine ( ceu fugiunt nubila ſole) fug as.
Sic redrviva wiget, nec qua patet illa latere
Tu potes : Illam tu, te celebrem illa facit.
Eis Boemerinlu apy auonoyiar Inigus Kapdlawn,
*EZd51501 Be Aud)ſx]ove.
ITPuo dis, rncanims, mavuals T5 mage nwy,
Key mirey pwogigE Irparn.
lie x” dupiCogy Ad ie ror dm mere,
Twavyity win x) pdro BpcFevin.
| Xa7ps yeeauatr os IG drnrCortu aadd\Cc,
Komwrls nuiis tondhas iO apdm.
_—_—
Eis Thy BysTavier TAippes 5% Kayd)ive. - |
3
OE: Envy, os xgad dif ata; nadr *Abbuzs,
"A#]rmaagy nou =d&d), nd\ gixes*
Hl 210 woior Twis IpeT]hews Tay ra
"Hynys KaydnrGr Taxi" dyarua giny.
Es Elan, tys TMIGI Sgeihe werfids yaly,
"H «ex Kayd inp matic opens mlrpis
H. Cuffius. |
Ad Guilielyum Camdenum , Britanniam
Hiſtorica veritate denno illuſtrantem. |
N Amdene, laws eft invidends, praclarum
Audire croem , patrieque ſerwire,
| Autoritati, & gloria perennanti.
Camdene, dum decus Britannie campumn
In eviterne provehis ſagax Fame,
Nitore regio ſtiloque preclaro :
. Preclars inde civis audis, & jure.
Quid? non decore modd Britanwniam matu,
Honore mattns ipſe & glorie punttis :
- Sed bunc & isllum luce tua reples mundun :
Ut, que fibi vix nota erat prius terra,
Utramque nunc domum pulſatierit Solis.
Camdene, laudis boc tue eſt. Et extenſum
Qud latius volat Britannia nomen :
Camdene, auguſtior tanto tibi ſacro
Adores tm Memorie exſtabit altars.
Tam nominis cat eſt, litaſſe regnorum
Fame, inclutaſque protuliſſe virtutes.
Caſpzt Dornavius D.
In Britanniam ridivivam R. Parker Caio-
Gonvil. Carmen congratulatorium.
Above, grata redis (memoranda Britannia)terris,
Quam yjuvat 6 tenebris exiluſſe twis !
Fallor ? an antiquo mutatus fiſtor in orbe ? |
Aut te dum relego, ſecla priors lego ?
Fallor ? zn Arthuros, Egbertos, Caſſibelinos
aſtra ſua ?
Cerno redivivos ducere c
Fallor ? an bic acies [ave certare ſolebant ?
Hic Offa, bic rigidas tendere Penda ſolet ?
Feſt ino namium. Que ,quaiia, 447 why cerno
Surgere ſacra Deo, mania, templa, dommns ?
Queis bic Normannis donari predia legi ?
Unde ſequens ſoboles nomen & omen baber.
Sed quot cerno domus orbat as ftirpe vetutta ?
io « quas dilapidant alea, oma, Venus ?
Ut wvidi, ut dolui, nowns ut nunc ſedibus boſpes
Diceret : bec mea ſunt, ito colone wetus.
Quis Genius talem (wveneranda Britannia) nobis
Eſfſe welit reducem ? quo duce tata refers?
Scilicet hoc debes Camdeno : agnoſco parentem,
Et Genium, cujus te t1bt reddit amor.
Felix ipſe ſuo libro : falicior ipſa
Praconem talem laudis bahere tue.
Plus loquar, an fileam ? wideo tantum inſt ar in ipſo.
Quas Muſas wocitem ? ſed (mea Muſa) file.
Parcus amor loquitur : major ſtupefatus adeg it
Mirari boc tacite, nec ſcio ſolus, opus.
In Britanniam 4 Gail. Camdeno illuſtratam
F. Adarb. Carmen.
bag atrox Hebridas, glacialem Scotus Hibernem
Moverat, Attacotus Vararim, Saxoque Viſurgim
Conjunttis armis, animiſque excindere gentes,
Subruere eximits cumulatis cladibus urbes,
Atque Britannorum women demergere bellic.
Ut tamen emergant que ſunt immerſa ruinis,
Et decus antiquum redruius Britannia cernat,
Ecce wetuſt atem Camdenias erait omnem,
Magnarum rerum ſcrutatus magna epulchra,
Submovit cineres, nigrantes diſpulit umbras :
Inque prius retro Pudei ſe contulit evum ;
Contulit atque decus patriaque ſibique labore.
[In antiquam Camdeni Britanniam H.N,L.
94d) 20 ac.
Laine Brit anmnorum delevit nomina Tempus,
Antiquas wrbes exitioque dedit.
Cunia tri o Camdenus tempore reddit,
Ingenio priſcum reſt tuitque decus.
Ingenio cedat Tempus, cedatque wetuſt a :
Ingentum majus Tempore robur habet.
Ad eundem.
| mrs querens Antiqua Britannia lumen,
At, Camdene, twam wvenit ut illa domun :
Invenit lumen, manſit, cupienſque poliri ;
Hoſpes ait mihi ſis, qui mihi lumen eris.
PO——_ — ——
CG
Ultima lanigers animoſa eſt
Thera flumen terra jattat
Haec
BRITANNIA
Celum, nec aura dulcins ſpirat p
Serus in occiduas mibi Phebus conditur undas,
Soerorque noftes blanda ducit lucidas.
Poſſem ego laudati contemuere vellera Betis,
©bi villas albis mollior bidentibus 2
Et tua non nequeam miracula temnere Memphi.
| Feram illa major, juſtiorque gloria,
Qudd Latiis, quod ſum celebrata Britannia Graiis,
Orbem vetuſtas qudd vockrit alterugs.
— — —— — 0 OP OE OOO I} RN —e—RO <— _—_
jaftare licet magnorutn munera divam,
Sibique veru fas placere dotibus ;
Cur mibi non videar fortunatifſima telus 2
Digna eſt malu, bona que parum novit ſua.
India lucis,
Suis ſuperbus eſt Arabs odoribus.
Thuriferis gaudet Panchaia dives arenis ;
aurewn,
HEgypto faciunt animos ſeptem oftia Nili,
adata Rheni vina tollunt accolas.
Leta nec uberibus fibi diſplicet Africa glebis ;
portubus ſuperbit, illa mercibus :
At mihi nec fontes, nec ditia flumina deſunt,
Sulctve pingues, prata nec ridentia.
Feta viris, fecunda feris, fecunda metallis ;
Ne glorier, quod ambiens largas opes
Porrigtt Oceanus, neu quod nec amicius ull4
lags.
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CATATO:
OF S
fa) >] It k
ſe ; 7 | '
OME
Books and TCreatiſes
Relating to the ANTIQUITIES of
NGLAT!
Topographical Surveys of England in
general.
Ntoninus's Itinerary.
Notitia Occidentalis Imperii.
Robert of Gloceſter in his Chronicle of
England (MS. ) has given us the length
and breadth of England. /:
Comment upon the Itinerary of 'Antoninus, by
Mr.T#lbot.MS. This was much improv'd by Dr.Caixs
of Cambridge, and is now in Ceiw-Calege ,- 10
2 Volumes.
Comment upon the ſame Itinerary, by Mr. Barton.
Leland's Itinerary ( MS. in the Bodleian Library ; )
ſeveral Tranſcripts whereof have been taken by
Gentlemen of Curioſity.
Harriſon's Hiſtory of England ; printed in Holin-
ſhed's Chronicle.
Drayton's Polyolbion.
Fuller's Worthies of England.
Dugdale's Baronage of England.
Monaſticon Anglicanum.
Templa Druidum, Monumenta Britannica, SC. being
large Colle&ions and curious obſervations relating
to the Antiquities of England, in four Voiumes,
MS. By Mr. Jobn Aubrey, Fellow of the Royal
SOCIety.
Blome's Britannia, Wright's three years Travels ; and}
other Surveys of England printed ſince 1607. are
lictle more than Extracts 6ut of Mr. Camden.
BARKSHIRE.
Diſcourſe of the Antiquities of the Caſtle of
Windſor and Chapel there, in Mr. Aſhmole's
Order of the Garter.
A
BEDFORDSHIRE.
N account of a ſtrange Tempeſt of Wind,
Thunder and Lightning at Bedford, Aug. 19.
1672. |
A
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
HE Hiſtory of the Univerſity of Cambridge
-*
®
way of Appendix to his Church-Hiſtory of Bri-
tain.
In Sir William Dugdale's Hiſtory of ſmbanking, are
ſeveral things ting to the Fenny part of this
Country.
The Antiquity of Cambridge, by Dr. Fobn Caine.
A MS. Treatiſe calld... .. . Cantabrigienſis, MS. by
Richard Parker, Fellow of Caius-College in Cam-
bridge” 'Tis mention'd in Fuller's Worthies,
, 159.
Mic Lodin a little before his death, took . the pro-
| _ of the publick buildings and Colleges in
this Univerſity.
CHESHIRE.
Q IR Peter Leicelter's Antiquities of Cheſhire,
1673.
An kofone to Sir Peter Leiceſter's Addends, or ſome-
thing to be added in his Anſwer to Tho. Man-
waring, by the ſaid Sir Tho. 167}.
A Deſcription Hiſtorical and Geographical of Che-
ſhire , by Dan. King. 1656.
A Manuſccipt in the Herald's Office, relating to the
County: of Cheſter, by Williams mith.
CORNWALL.
AV of Cornwall, by Mr. Norden, for the perfe&t-
=, page be took a journey thither. Camden's
pilt. p. 72.
A Survey of Cornwall, by Richard Carew of Antony
Eſq; 1602.
The ſame Book, with ſeveral Addicions, is now in
the hands of Mr. Chi/well,
Hiſtorical Account of Cornwall, by John Norden,MS.
in the hands of Dr. Gale.
The Laws and Cuſtoms of the Srannaries.
CUMBERLAND,
A Genealogical Account of the Families in Cam-
A berland, by Mr. Denzon, A Matnuſcript,copy'd
into ſeveral hands.
The Eccleſiaſtical Hiſtory of Cumberlend, fince the
Foundation of the Biſboprick of Carliſle, by Dc.
Hugh Todd, Prebendary of that Church,and Fellow
of Univer ſity-College in Oxon. MS.
q 2
ſince the Conqueſt, by Dr. Themas Fuller ; by
Natural Hiſtory of Cumberland (in Dr. Plot's method,
f a3
66
Vs
2X RY
w__
- ot
A
_— ER ”
2
—_ ea & x
Fen HIITTHITt In mi:
4 , * 4 WV 35 o . + F: P
at
2 >»
AINO
'<
i is 7
I * |
B1/,/
y
I”: IO T
' and Treatiſes
4
| m_ ” _
2,9 Y. x $11 SID,
Carliſle. MS.
|;
[tt
DERBTSHIRE. |
He&Rion "I Laws, Libergics, © Wa
A of the ſeverg| Mines and Migers in
by Thomas Houghton. Lond. 1687. 12”.
The benefit of the ancient Baths of Buxton-wels, by
John Jones, Med. 1572.
Several Obſervations relating
County. MS.
A Deſcription of a
to Buxtou-Wells in this
ſtrous Giant diſcover'd by a
certain L dhoarr io dl County. Publiſhe 16651.
A Diſcourſe upon the rwdve Months faſting of Mar-
tha Taylor, a famous Derbyfhire-Girl not far from
Bake-well, Publitht by Fobn Reynolds, 1669.
"The Wonders of the Peak , written in Latin-Verk by
Mr. Hobbes. |
The Wonders of the Peak , by Charles Cotton Elq; in
Englith Yerls. et
Tis ſaid he firſt wrote it in the Diale& of chat Coun-
ty, and made a Gloſlary to it ; but what became
of it; I know not.
The Liberties and Cu
in the Wapentake of Wirkſwerth in the County of
Derby, by Edw. Marlow Elq. 1653.
DEVONSHIRE.
A
P42 516.
as to the main) by Mr. Nicolſon, Arch-deacon of |||
Propoſals for
Strvey of Devonſhire, MS. by Thomas Rſdons
who dy'd An: 1636. Wood's Athene, Vol. 1:
,
,
i gnb and 'tis. his-requaſt co. all who are poſleſt
any rs relating to Efſex, that they would
likewiſe. * to :communicate them. Ir is not
long before the World may expe&t the Work, if
it meet with-that encouragement from the Gen-
try, which an Undegtaking of this Nawre may
juſtly reguee. |
GLOCESTERSHIRE.
He Laws and Cuſtoms of the Miners in the Fo-
reſt of Dean in the County of Gloceſter, Lond.
1687. 12,
ntind the aq ies of Gloceſterſhire
were Iiſhe An. «683. by Mr. Abel one gg'
tizen of Gloceſter , and inhabitant of Minchin-
Hampton in the ſame County. He had been twelve
years in the collefting , but not meeting (I ſup-
{e) with anſwerable encouragement, the Book
remains ſtill in Manuſcript.
:
%
-
Annalia Dubrenſia, upon the yearly celebration of
Mr. Robert: Dowes Olympick-Games upon Cots-
wold-hills ; writteaby 33 of che beſt Pogs of char
time. Publiſhe x6g6.
ſtoms of the Lead- Mines. with- | The Military Government of the City of Glocefter, by
Tobn Corbet. Publiſher I6FT1.
| Cercain Speeches made upon the day of the yearly
|
Election of the Officers of the City of Gloceſter ,
publiſhe by Jo. Dorne Eſq; Town-Clerk of the ſaid
City, An. 165,
| Colle&ions relacing to the Antiquities of this Coun-
Collections out of the Records, Deeds, &c. belong- |
ing to the Church of Exeter, MS, by Mr. Paſ-|
mor.
The Antiquities and Deſcription of the City of Ex-
eter. by John Hooker, 1584.
The ſame Book reprinted in Holinſheds Chronicle.
Exeter deſcribed and illuſtrated by Mr. [aaks.
- Of a conſiderable Load-fone dug out of the
Tranſa&. Numb.2 3. 1666.
DURHAM.
He Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Dur- | A Treatiſe of the A
5-708
in Devonſhire, weighing 60 pound, &c. Philoſoph.
|
1
hem,colle&ed out of ancient Manuſcripts about |
the time of the Suppreflion, and publithe by Jo. , Some Remarkables concerning the Monuments in
Davies of Kidwelly, 1672.
The Legend of Sc. Carbbert, with the Antiquities of |
the Church of Durham, by B. R. Efq. 1663.
A ſhort Treatiſe of an ancient Fountain or Vitriolin- |
Spaw near the City of Durbem, by E. W. Dr. of |
Phy ſick, 1675.
|
|
Large Collections relating to the Antiquities of this |
Bilhoprick, were made by Mr. Mick/eton, a very
excellent Antiquary,
ESSEX.
T
the end of his Church-Hiſtory.
Survey of the County of Eſſex, in a thin Folio, MS. |
|
|
|
j
|
He Hiſtory of 7#:!:ham-Abbey, by Dr. Fuller |
then Curate there. Lond. 1655. fol. Printed at
by Fohn Norden; now in the Library of Sir Ed-|
mund Turner.
*Tis ſaid, that Mr. Strangman of Hadley-Caſt le in Suf-
folk, hath written the Antiquities of Eſſex. Ir
{till remains in Manuſcript , but in what hands, I
know nor.
A Deſcription of Harwich and Dover-Court , by Silas
Tailor, MS.
Mr. John Ouſeley, Re&or of Pantfield, a perfon ad-
mirably well verſt in the Hiſtory of our Nation,
years in collecting the Antiquities
of this County, wherein he has been very much
young Gentleman Mr.
Nichols Zeakill of Caſtle-Hedingham , who freely
communicated the Copies of many publick Re-
has ſpent many
afliſted by chat hopeful
ty, were made by Judge Hgles ; which are now (I
think ) in Lincolns-Inn-Library, London, among
his other Manuſcripts.
A Delcription and Draughe of Pex-park-ball, by Sir
Robert Sowthwell. Philoloph. Tranſat. Numb. 143.
A ftrange and wonderful Diſcovery of Houſes under
ground at Co:rons-feld in Gloceſterſhire.
HAMSHIRE.
2% Antiquities and Deſcription of FFincheſter,
wich an Hiſtorical Relation touching ſeveral
memorable Occurrences relating to the ſame; with
a Preamble of the Original of Cities in genera),
Folio, MS. by Mr. Truſſel.
ntiquities of the fame City, is
written by Dr. Berres. MS.
the ancient City of Wincheſter, by Mr. Butler of
S. Edmonds-bury.
The Lieger-Book of S. Croſſe, MS. in Vellam, in the
hands of Henry Worſley of Lincolns-Inn, Eſq.
HERTFORDSHIRE.
He Antiquities of this County are now prepared
for the Preſs by Sir Henry Chancey Kt. Serjeant
at Law.
HUNTINGDONSHIKRKE.
© +" 445-00: 7g mamarrgl, or an Interlude for
the general Entertainment of the County-
teaſt held at Merchant-Tailors.hall , June 30.
1678.
Sir Robert Cotton made ſome progreſs towards a Sut-
vey of this County,
KENT.
fs Trane wa of Kent, by Wiliam Lambert of
Lincolns-Inn, Gent, Lond. 1576. & 1596. &c.
A brief Survey of the County of Kent, by Richard
Kilbourn, Lond. 1657. & 1659.
Philpat's Survey of Ken.
| Another Survey of this County was writ by Mr. Ner-
den, and is ſtill in Manuſcript.
The Monuments in this County are collefted by
Fohn
__—_—
——
belt ARAB Eid how 450+ > CORE 00 17 Heat <1. ES Ld, Le
72 me > Fc ——_— _ 4a. _. IR
2 pa «-—+ -_— w, >, | 42
0 . 1 , 94-494 - _ ' | p-:
A 4% . Sy * hf a ov »
| p a.
relating to_ the: Antiq! b
Fobn Wever in his 117% a
The Hiſtory of Gavelkmd; id Cool
Sor ee T2
Mr , } + |
Fein toll
Kent, by Mr. I 160-7 Pg i *
The Forts and n Kee, dreatiul ir HS, 2 it
che Life ofthe Author: ' che tree in-Parljament,
by Mr. Fames Brome. Oxon. 1693.
The Agtiquities of Canterbury , by Mr. Somner, 45,
1640.
Mr. COmade's Vindication of; higmſg|t about. building
the Market-houſe.at Canterbury. -
His Treatiſe about the Fiſh-bones found in Kent: 4*.
The Chronicle of Rocheſter , wrote by Edmund Be-
denham, MS.
Textns Roffenſis, a very ancient MS. belonging to that
Church. See a more particular account of it in
Dr. Hickes's Catalogue MSS. at the end of his
Saxon-Grainmar. |
Deſcriptio Itineris, Plantarum inveſt igationis ergo ſuſcepti,
m agrum Cantianum, 16 =» |
Survey of the Monaſtery of Feverſbam,by Tho.Sowthouſe,
Lond. 1671. 12*.
A Philoſophical and Medicinal Eflay of the Waters
of Tunbridge, by P. Maden, M. D. 1687.
LANCASHIRE.
Anner of making Salt of Sea-Sand in Lanca-
ſhire. Ray's Northern- words, pag. 209.
I
Thsz {tate of this County in reſpect of Religion,about
the beginning of King James 1. by Mr. Urmſton.
MS. in the hands of Thomas Brotherton of Heye,
Elq.
Holingſworth's Hiſtory of Azanchefter, MS. in the Li-
brary there.
Borlace s Latham-Spaw-.
LEICESTERSHIRE.
He Antiquities of Leiceſterſhire, by Williew Burton
Eſq. Fol. 1622. The late learned Mr. Chetwind
of Staffordſhire had a Copy of this in his poſleffi-
on,with conſiderable Addxions under the Author's
own hand.
A brief Relation of the Diſſolution of che Earth in
the Foreſt of Charnwood, in one ſheer, 1679.
LINCOLNSHIRE,
Ir William Dugdale's Hiſtory of Imbanking, gives
a large account of ſeveral Fenns and Marſhes in
this County.
The Survey and Antiquities of the Town of Sram-
ford in this County, by Richard Butcher Gent. Pub-
litht 1646.
A Relation of the great damages done by a Tempeſt
and Overflowing of the Tides in Lincoſnſbire and
Nortolk, 1671.
MIDDLESEX.
Orden's Survey of Middleſex.
Fi:z-Stephens Survey of London.
The Cuſtoms of Londow.
Londonopula, by James Howel. Fol.
The preſent ſtate of London, by De Laund. 8.
Domus Carthuſiana, or the Foundation of the Charter-
houſe, by Samuel Herne, Lond. 1677-
Stow's Survey of London, 1598. ?
The City-Law, tranſlated out of an ancient MS, and
printed 1647.
Deſcriptio Plantarum in Ericete Hampltedi,per Tho.Fobn-
ſon, m 129. 1632. (£: CE :
The Kings, Queeps, and Nobility buried in Weſtmin-
{ter-Abbey, 1603. by Mr. Camden.
The ſame enlarged by Henr. Keepe. 8*.
Hiſtory of $. Paul's, by Sir William Dugdale, 1658.
Fol.
The third Univerſity of England, (viz. London ; ) be-
ing a Treaciſe of all the Foundations of Colleges ,
Ins of Cenrt, &c. by Sir George Buck. 1615. |
.
1667.
Narrative of the Fire of Londen, by Mr.Edward Wa-
terhouſe, 1667.
London, King Charless Auguſta, by Sylvanus Mor-
gan. A Poem. 1648. |
Grant's Natural and Political Obſervations upon the
Bills of Morrality,
Foundation of the ge and Order of St.
John of Feruſalem. Fo
MONMOUTHSHIRE.
| | goon mn News from AMonmouthſbire, of the loſs
of 26 Pariſhes, in a great Flaod, which hapn'd
Fanuary 1607, Publiſt'd the ſame year.
The manner of the Hire-Hoxks at Tinton in' Mon-
mouthſhire. Ray, Engliſh-words, pag. 194+
NORFOLK,
ca Sir William Dagdale's Hiſtory of Imbanking.
CJ Otche lamentabls Burning of Ealt-Derbar jathe
County of Norfolk, July i. 1581. in verle, black
Letter, publiſh'd 1 582.
Hiſtory of the Nortoik-Rebels, by Alexander Newil, a
Kentiſh-man : with the Hiſtory of Norwich, and
a Catalogue of the Mayors. Publilk'd 1575.
Norfolk's Furies, or a View of Kitt's Camp, with a
table of the Mayors and Sheriffs of Norwich, 8c.
done out of Latin into Engliſh, by R. W. 1615.
The Antiquicies of Norwich, writ by Dr. Jo. Cairs,
are mention'd by Dr. Fuler,but fill remain in Ma-
nuſcript.
Norwich Monuments and Antiquities, by Sir Thom as
Erown, M, D. a Manuſcript ina the hands of che
learned Dr. More, the nat Biſhap of Norwich.
Naſhe's Lent-Sruff, containing an account of the
growth of Greas Yarmouth, with a Play in praiſe of
Red-herring. | Publiſh'd 1599.
iption of the town of Great-Yarmouth ; with
a Survey. of Litdle-Yarmouth incorporated with the
Great, &c. in a ſheer.
A Survey of Narfolk was taken by Sir Henry Spelman
Knighe, inLatin ; and js ſtil in Manuſcript inthe
Bodleian-Library at Oxon.
A relation of the damages done by a tempeſt and
overflowing of the Tyde, upon the coalts of Nor-
fotk and Lincolnſhire.
| The Weſt proſpe& of Linn-Regs, a ſheer.
Urn-burial, or a diſcourſe of che Sepulchral Urns lately
found in Norfolk, by Sir Thomas Brown. 166g.
Mercurius Centrals, or, a Difeourſe of Subtercaneal
Cockle, Muſcle, and Oyliter-ſhells, found in dig-
ging of a Well at Sir William Doylic's in Nortolk,
by Tho. Lawrence, A.M. in a Letter to Sir Tho.
Browne. 1664.
A
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE,
HY of the Cathedral Church of Pererburrow,
by Simon Gunter, Prebendary. Publih'd wich
a large Appendix, b
Dean of this Church,
Fol. 1685.
The Fall and Funeral of Northampton, in an Elegy;
firſt publiſh'd in Latin , fince made Engliſh wich
ſome variations and additirions, and publifh'd An.
1677.
| The ſtate of Northampton from the beginning of the
Fire Sept. 20. 1675.0 Nov. 5. in a Leer to a
Friend, 1675.
Names of the Hides in Northamptonſhire, by Francis
Tate. MS. ( Wood's Athene, Vol. 1. p. 349.)
Simon Patrick D. Þ. then
and now Biſhop of Eh.
| a -- ren A $2
GR. noe Te, 5
hg > F bs * Fa = 4 0
ww 1Y *%. AG. oe” ; 5 xv MN g65 :
OT WS TTY CE
o o © 2+ hg "AX SAME 43 'E, : hs -
= rites pet” > DEL ho
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31)
|
vol. 1. p. 349)
NORTHUMBERLAND.
A Chorographical Survey of Newcaſtle upon Tine,
by +. : . a Grey, An. 1649.
England's Grievances in relation to the Cole-trade,
with a Map of the river of Time, and the fituation
of the town and corporation of New-caſltle
I6FF.
A Coy of the river Tine, grav'd by Fathorne.
The Antiquities of the ancient Kingdom of Northam
berland, are now ready for the Preſs : compil'd by
Mr. Nicolſon Archdeacon of Carliſle, who deſigns
ſhortly to publiſh the Book under this Title, Nop-
Sanhymbpapuc,. or, a deſcription of the ancient
Kingdom of Northumberland. The work will
conſiſt of eight paits, whereof he tiles the ——
I. Northanbymbria ; or, an account of the Bounds,
and natwal Hiſtory of the Country.
Il. Nortbanbymbri:; the Original, Language, Man-
ners, and Government of the People.
Ul. Aznales :. the Succeſlion and Hiſtory of the ſe-
veral Dukes, Kings, and Earls ; from the t{irlt
inſtitution of the Government, down to the
:
--
.
og Tranſat, :Nuou 19. p. 166.8 Num. 11.
2 | |
p. 180. EIESIS
A Relation of an Accident by Thunder and Light-
ning-in Oxford: Philoſopis Tranſat, Num. 3 3.
| Pag. 215,
RUTLANDSHIRE.
Nriquities of Rutlandſbire, by Mr. . Wright ;
A — —mah 0 tlandſhire, by ght
SOMERSETSHIRE.
HE ancient Laws, Cuſtoms, and Orders of the
. Miners in the King's Foreſt of Mendipp , in
the County of Somerſet. London, 1687. 129.
Propoſals for a Natural Hiſtory of Somer/erſhire have
been publiſh'd by Mr. Fobn Beaumons.
A Letter from Mr. Beawmont, giving an account of
Ookey- hole and other ſubterraneous Grotto's in Men-
dip-hills. Philoſoph. Tranſat. 1681. Num. 2.
Ookey-ho/e delcrib'd, An. 1632.
Therme Redwvive, by Mr. John Chapman, 1673. with
an Appendix of Coriar's Rhimes of the Antiquities
of the Bath.
Conqueſt,
IV. Ecclefiaſtica : Religious Rites oblerv'd by the
Pagan Inhabitants before the eftabliſhment ot
Chriſtianity : togerher with the ſtate of che:
Church, and the ſucceſſion of Biſhops in ir, af-
terwards.
V. Litere & Literati : the ſtate of Learning ; with
a Catalogue of the Writers.
VI. Vittare: the Cities, Towns, Villages, and other
places of note; in an Alphabetical Catalogue.
VII. Monument Danics : DaniſhRemains; in the
Legeten Temples, Courts of Judicature, Ru-
nic Inſcriptions, '&c.
To the whole will be prefix'd a Prefatory Diſcourſe
of the condition theſe parrs of che Iſle were in,
upon (and fome time betore) the coming in of
the Saxons : wherein notice-will be taken of
many pieces of Brictiſh and Roman Antiquities
never yet obſerv'd.
Large Colleftions have been made —
Shafto, relating to the Antiquities of «
Northumberland.
Mr. Clavering of Callaly, a very knowing Antiquary,
has alſo done great ſervice to his native Country
in this kind,
Sir Robert
County of
OTTINGHAMSHIRE.
H E Antiquities of the County of Norting bam,
| by Dr. Robert Thoroton.
OXFORDSHIRE.
M Anuſcript Hiſtory of Alcheſter, in the hands of
Mr. Blackwell.
Hiſtory and Antiquiries of the Univerſity of Oxford ;
by Lobany a Wood : fol.
Twine's Vindication of the Antiquity of the Univer:
ſity of Oxtord.
Natural Hiſtory of Oxfordſhire, by Dr. Robert Plet :
folio.
Survey of Woodſtock, by Mr. Widows (Athen. Oxon.
vol. 2. P. 119.)
Parochial Antiquities: or, the Hiſtory of Ambroſden,
Burceſter, and other adjacent Towns and Villages
in the North-eaſt parts of che ty of Oxford ;
delivering the general Remains of the Brityb, Ro-
man, and Saxon Ages; and a .more particular ac-
count of Engliſh Memoirs, redacd into Annals,
from x Will. Conq.to-3 Edw. 4. with ſeveral Scul-
ptures of ancient and modern Curioſities, 4*. By
the Reverend Mr. hire Kennet, B. D.
Tobnſon in his Mercarias Britannicms, hath given an ac-
count of the Antiquities of the Bath, with a ground-
plor of the City.
A Diſcourſe of the ſeveral Bathes and hot waters at.
the Bath, with the Lives and Charatters of the
Phyſicians chat have liv'd and praftis'd there.
Together with an Enquiry into che Nature of
S. Vincent's Rock near Briltol,and chat of Caſtle Cary;
by Dr: Thomas Guidot.
Enlarg'd by the ſame hand, with the addition of fe-
veral Antiquities. 1691.
The Antiquities of the City of Bath, colleted in
Latin by the ſame Author. MS.
STAFFORDSHIRE.
A Hiſtory of Staffordſhire, by Dr. Robert
Plot. Fol.
Genealogies of the Nobility and Gentry in this
County, MS. written by Mr. Erd{wick, and now
in the colle&tion of Falter Chetwind Eſq; whovery
much improv'd it.
SUFFOLK,
account of ſome Saxon Coins found in Suffolk.
Philofoph. TranſaR. Num. 189. 1687.
AN
WARWICKSHIRE.
© # HE Antiquities of Warwickſhire, by Sir William
Dug dale.
WESTMORLAND.
T HE Antiquities of W:fmorland, colleted by
Mr. Thomas Mach«s/ of Kirkby-Thore in the
ſame County, MS.
This County, as to Pedigrees and the Intermarriages
of greater Families, has been well conſider'd and
illuſtrated by Sir Daniel Fleming , a great Encou-
rager and Promoter of Aniquities. MS.
WILTSHIRE.
Tone-benge reſtor'd ; written by Sir Inigo Jones, and
S ' publiſh'd by Mr. Webb, 1658. &J
Anſwer to vir Inigo Fones, by Dr. Charleton,
Vin-
relating to the 4 trquiti >
% * w J «
» Bw UE ? as .
Mr. Webb, Archite& to King Charles 1. Publiſld
I665»
Sammes of Stonehenge ; a ſeparate Diſcourſe in his
Britannia. F
A ſhort Treatiſe _ the ſame Subje& was written
by Mr. John Gibbons. MS.
Wilron-garden deſcrib'd in 22 Copper Cutts in folio.
Ac that time, it had the reputation of one of che
fineſt gardens in Europe.
Mr. Tanner, of Queen's College in Oxford, has made;
large Collections in order tothe Antiquities of this
County. See Wiltſhire, pag. 197+
WORCESTERSHIRE.
SL DO Eulogie ; or, a grateful acknow-
ledgment of her Benefactors, by 7+ T7. Ma-
ſter of Arts, a Poem, 1638.
A large deſcription of Worceſterſhire, MS. is now in the
hands cf Thomas Abingdon Eſquire. It was writ-
ten by his Grandfather, an able and induſtrious
Antiquary.
YORKSHIRE,
AND
RICHMONDSHIRE.
Vindication of Sir Inigo Jones, by his Son in Law|.
A of all the Bailiffs, Mayors, and She-
riffs of the City of York, from the time of
| land, and the Iſlands. ,
wy
th. tt
Edw. x. to'the year 1664. by ..... Hiljard, Re-
York, 1665.
| 08 Ruins of a Roman-
| | ower in Trk, with the
draught, by Martin LzFer Eſquire. Phil. Tranſac.
Num. x45. Jul. ro. 1683.
The Aariquities of the City of York, by Sir Thomas
Widdri » MS. The original Manuſcripe is
now in the handsof Thomas Fairfax of Menſton Eſq;
See Torkſhire, pag. 734-
Dr. Fonſton of Pontefrac hath made large colleions
in order to the Antiquities of this whole County
which he is now digeſting, and” fitting for the
Publick,
The Engliſh Spaw-Fountain in the Foreſt of Knares-
burrow, by Edw.Dean, M. D, 1626.
— Book upon the fame Subjet, by Mich. Stan-
OP, 1632.
a6" "rn Dialogue in its pure natural DialeR,
1683. |
WALES.
(OR Cambrenſis's Itinerary cf Wales.
A Manuſccipt of David Morg anias, mention'd by
Voflius.
Hiſtory of Penbrokeſbire, written by Geo. Owen Eſq;
now in the hands of Howe! Vaughan of Hengwrt,
Eſquire.
COD
——
——— - ——
TrEaTiISEs relating toSCOT LAND, extracted ©
urT
of Sir Robert Sibalds's Materials for the Scotch= Atlas,
'-p- Scotia, by Robert Gordon ; in Latin.
Deſcription of Edenburgh; by his Son.
A deſcription of Scotland and the Ifles adjacent, by
Petruccins Ubaldinss : in Italian.
King James $5th's Voyage round his Kingdom, with
the Hebrides and Orcades : in French.
The Original, Manners,&c. of the Scats,by FobnLeſly.
Herots Scoti, by fobn Fonſtor.
A Catalogue of the Scotch Nobility : in Scotch.
Andrex Melvini Gathelae.
Topographia Scotiz ; by the ſame hand.
An account of Rona and Hirta, by Sir Geo. Makenzy.
Metals and Minerals in Scotland, by D. Borthwick.
An account of Cathnef, by Mr. William Dundak..
An account of Sutherland, by the ſame hand.
Obſervations upon Cathbneſ,, by the ſame hand.
An account of Hadington, deliver'd by the Magiſtrates
of the place.
Deſcription of part of the Prefecture of Aberdeen.
An account of a ſtrange Tide in the river of Forth ;
by the Reverend Mr. Wright.
Vindication of Buchanan againſt Camden,per D.H.MS.
_— — « -— > ———— a CC
OAPI TIT
|
_— —
A Deſcrip:ion of the Iſle of Man, in Dan. King's
Antiquities of Cheſhire.
An accurate Deſcription of the fame Iſland, MS. out
of which the Additional Account to the Je of Man
was extracted for me by Mr. Srraban of Baliol-
College in Oxford.
A Deſcription of Thule, by Sir Robert Sibalds. |
A Deſcription of the Orcades, by Mr. Wallace.
Colle&ions relating to St. Andrews, MS.
The Antiquity of the Scotch Nation, MS.
DEI - the ra. ph ne of Scorland, MS.
indication of Scotland Camden
mond of Hr ocade Es. EY Og
An account of the metals found in Scotland, by
Mr. Atkinſon, MS. |
A deſcription of Scotland, and of the Northern and
Weſtern Iſles, MS.
Scotia illuſtrata, by Sir Rob. Sibalds.
Theatrum Scotie ; or, a deſcription of the moſt con-
ſiderable Cities and Gentlemen's Seats in the King.
dom of Scotland, by J. Slezer,
Barclay's Treatiſe of Aberdeen-faw : ( Vid. Theatrum
Scotir, Pag. 30.)
— —
IRELAN D.
I R Fames Ware hath given us an exa& Liſt of
the Iriſh Authors, in his Scriprores Hibernie,
edic. Dublin. 1639.
——CTS——
An Account of the Orcades, by Matthew Mackaile
A Diſcovery of the Tides in theſe Iſlands , by hs
ſame Hand.
Deſcription of Herbland and of the Fiſhery there ; by
Fo. Smith. :
A Table of Hethland, wich a deſcription of it.
Obſervations upon the efbude. |
An accurate Deſcription of Ferſey, by Mr Fall. 4s.
—_—
—
q Beſides theſe, there are great Numbers of Lieger-Books, Charters, Regiſters,@c. relating to the
Religious Houſes, preſerv'd in the Libraries of Sir Thomas Bodley,
bands
in his Notitia Monaſltica.
$:r John Cotton, &c. and is the
of ſeveral private Gentlemen : a Catalogue whereof, with the Proprietors, is given by Mr. Tanner
& AN.
——_-
- -
. 4 * " _ _ | ad —_— I ERP ff
I%> SIEM i] | Ag EOS
i.
LAM THEFT RITY 2
OI9 —— " _—
_ Antoninuss I T 1 NERARY
- THROUGH
I'N,
_ BRIT
As it is compard by Mr. Buk Ton with the ſeveral Editions,
—_—
Trer Britanniarum &@ Geſſoriaco de Gallis, Ritupis in Portu Britanniarum,
Stadia numero CCCCL.
EFFE XL | ITER III.
3
A Limite, id eſt,z Vallo,Pretorium uſque, M. P. CLF]. Editio
on | ———— — — -
Editio | Alda. Suritana. Simleriana
—_ pm nos PE Wage hea, Iter a Londinio ad
Aldina. Surit ana. Simlerians. X11. Portum Dubrim.
Ab Remaenio., A Bremenio Cor- Br amenio Cor- m. p. Ixvi. ſic ;
ſtopilum. m. p.xx. fopitum.| + Dubobrws. + Durobrivim. m. p. xxvii. + Dubobru
Vindomoram. m. p. 1x. | * Durarvenne.1r5. * Durovernum. m. p. xxv. * Durarvenno. Is.
Vinoviam. m. p. xix. | Viconia. Ad Portum Dubris. m. p. xiv.
CORO: mM. P. XX11.
Hurium. m. p. xxiv. 2h Pe, —o—nmnnnmdgmmgmnn mine te nn
Ebur — 17. Eboracum Leg. vi. Vic- Ebur--17. I oy E R IV.
erix. Mm. P.XVil. Iter a Londinio ad
Derventionem. m. p. Vit. Portum Lemanis.
Delgovitiam. m. p. xiii. m. p. Ixviii. fic ;
Pratorium. mM. P. XXxV. Durobrivim. m. p. xxvii. Durebriae
NEE Durarvennso., 15. Durovernum. m. p. xXxV. Durarvenno. 15,
ITER IL Ad Pontem Lemanis. m. p. xvi.
ler a Vallo ad L THTEE E 4 SM : 3s Þ 4s fl ets” BY
Dey Iuſas Iter a LondGinio Iv
ED ISASIARNE he x Legwoallio. Guvallum ad Vallum.
Ablato T : ip. f Vito Duigio Caltra Ablat. m. p. Ccccxliu. fic ; 27
| Exploratorum. m. p. * xii. * 10, & 15. Czlaromagum. m. P. XXV111,
Lugu-vall. I uguvallum. m. p. xii. Lugu-wall. Coloniam. m. p. xxiv.
Voredam. m. p. xiiii. Villam Fauſtini. m. p. xxxv, 25
Brovonacim. m. p. xiii. , Icianos. m. p. xviii.
Verterim. m. p. * xiii. ® al. 20. Camboricum. m. p. xxxv.
Lavatrim. m. p. xiiii. Durolipontem. m. p. xxv.
. 4 Cataratonem, m. p. * xii. * 16.| | Durobr IVas. M. P. XXXV.
Iuriam. Iurium. m. p. xxiiti. Iſuriam. | Cauſes, Cauſennim. M. P. XXX. Gauſenny,
Fburacum 18, Eboracum. m. p. xvii. Eburacum. 18. | Lindum. m. p. XXV1.
Cacaria. Calcariam. m. P. ix. | Segeloſim. m. p. xiv.
Cambodun Camulodunum. m. p. xx. Cambodun.. | Danum. m. p. xxi.
Mamucium. m. p.xviii. Mammuc.& Manuc. , Legeolio. Legeolum. m. p. xvi. Lepeoly,
| Condate. m. p. xviii. Ebur. Eboracum. m. p. xxi. Eb,
| * Vick. Devam. Leg.xx.* Vidrix.m.p.xx. * Leg xx141.c4. Iſubrigantum. m. p. xvii. IE,
1 Bovium. m. p. x. | Cataratonem xxiv.
| | Mediolanum. m. P. xXx. | Levat. Lavatrim. m. Pp. XV111. Levwst.
Rutunium. m. p. xii. 14. Verterim. m. p. xiii. 14.
| Unrio, Con. Viroconium. m. Þ. xi. Urio,Con. | Brocovo, Brocavum. m. P. XX. Brocow!.
| Uxaconam. m. p. xi. | Luguvalio, Luguvallum. wm. p. xxii. Luguval:
| enno- Cruc. Pennocrucium. m. Þ. X11. DT EEE... TE a bone AE ans 3c
i Etocerum. m. p. x. | : T E R YL
ManduesSed.*16. Manduefledum. m.p.* vi.F #16 Mandues Sed. Trer a Londinio
Venonim. m. p. xii. Lindum. m. p. clvi. fic ;
Bennavent. 16. Bennavennam. m. p. xvii. Bennavent.& Ban. | Verolani. Verolamum. m. p. xxi. Verolani
LaRodorum. m. p. xi. Latorod. | Durocobrim, Durocobrium. m. p. xii. Duro-Cobriuw-
Magiovintum. m. p. * xvii, Magint. * 12. Magiovinium. m. p. xii.
| Durocobrivim. m. p. xii. Daro-Cobr. | Lactodorum. m. p. xvi.
Vero-Lam. Verolamium. m. p. xii. Vero-Lam. Hannayatia. m. p. xii. Iannavantia. 1/a
Sullonac. Sulloniacim. m. p. x1. Sullomac. 9. Tripontium. m. p. xii. nataril.
Londinium. m. p. xii. Longidin. | Venons. Vennonim. m. p. ix. V enons
Noviomaguin. m. P. Xx. Ratas. Ratis. m. p. 12. Rats.
Vagniacim. m. p. xviii. | Verometum. m. p. xiii.
Darefrovs. Durobrivim. m. p. ix. Dure-brov. I2, Margidunum. m. p. xiii. Marg indun.1!
* 16. Durolevum. m. p. * xiii. Ad Pontum. Ad Pontem. m. p. vii.
Darervern. Durovernum. m. p. xii. Croco-Cal, Crococalanum. m. p. vii, Crorolans.
Ad Portum Ritupas. m. Þ- x» Lindum. m. p. 12.
- ITE
07/7
1714,
FIST awry yo Ge"
ain, Oc,
Sawritans.
Iter a Regno
Londinium.
m. P. XCVi. {ic ;
Clauſentum. me. P. xx.
Ventam Belgarum. m. ps x: -
atum. M. P. XXil.
Callevam At
Pontess.m.
Londinium. m. p. xxii.
I TER Val. \
Iter ab Eboraco
IL ondinium.
k - f
m. p. CCxxVil. ſic ;
Eburaco,
Lagecium. m. p. xx1.
Danum. m. p. xvi.
Agelocum. m. p. xx1.
Lindum. m. p. xiv.
Corocalana, Crococalanum. m. p. xiv.
* Dee} in Ald.
Cod.hec Manſio.
[ernametto.
* Margidunum. m. p. xiv.
Vernemetum, m. P. Xil.
Ratis. m. P. Xi.
Vennonim. m. p. Xit.
Bannavamum. m. P. xvii.
Magjiovinum. m. Pp. XXviil.
Durocobrivim. m. p. x11.
Verolamum. m. Pp. xii.
Londinium. m. P. xx1.
XIX.
AMagio. Vin.
ITEAIA
Iter a Venta * Iceno-
rum Londinium.
m. P. Cxxviii. fic ;
* Jcinorum.
XX X1.
Combret.
Sitomagum, m. P. XXX11,
Cambretovium, m. Pp. xxl.
Ad Anfam. m. p. xv.
Camulodunum, m. p. V1.
Canonium. m. p. ix.
Czſaromagum. m. p. xi.
Durolitum. m. p. xv1.
Londinium. m. p. x V.
Camolodun.
Ebur,
XIX.
Magio-V in.
Durocobrins .
Ican.
XXX1.
Comb.
Camolod.
IlITEREZ- X.
Iter a Clanoven-
ta Mediolanum.
Cl. ſic :
Galavam. m. p. xviit.
Alonem. m. p. xii.
Galacum. m. p. xix.
Bremetonacim. m. p. xxv1l.
Coccium. m. P. Xx.
Mancunium. m. p. * xvit.
Condate. m. p. xviii.
Mediolanum. m. p. * xvii.
ITER XL
A Segontio
Devam. m. p.
Ixxx1it. fic ;
Conovio. m. P. XXIV.
Varis. m. p. xix.
Deva. m. p. xxxi1.
—— @——C—
—
I TER XI.
'Editio 2a F= =
Suritans. Simlerians.
- StudFi tx |
7 keifMelo FC
Y , SrOCoMoru: 4 um Viroconium=
m. P. clxxxvi. ſic 3 atq; ita reftins legi-
thr, nan Muridu-
Muridon, Mariduno. m. p. xxxvi. naw vel gra
Leucarum. m. p. xv. roms Av war Te
* Nidum. m. p. xv. fias Simlerus
* Bomium. m. p. xv.
* Tranſpoſite ſunt be due Stationts apud Harriſon.
Iſceleia Aug ufta. *Iicam Leg.ii. Aug.m.p.xxvii.I{celegua Aug.28.
ium. m. p. ix. Iſcelegu Av-
Gobannium. m. p. xii. eaſt, oli rp
Magnis. Magmim. m. p. xxti. Magnis. Ms > i
Bravonium. m. p.Xxiv. Brawimio. Ptol. Iſcaltg.
Viroconium. m. p. xxvii. Viricon. 1 Angaſba.
Ponit inn
Pto!. prope Iſcamleg. II. fic tamen, ut amborum loca ſemiſle uniis gradis longits«
dinis diſtent, & quadrante, quo ad latitudintm: que diſlantiam faciant circiter
XXXV.M.P, bic tamen major ponitur diftantia inter Iſcam Dumnonioram &
Leg. IT. Aug. FJoſtas Simlerus.
— — —
23% $-- ank
Iter ab Iſca
Callevam. m. p.
Cix. ic ;
Burrium. m. p. ix.
In lcum iſt am Gobanniam veitituit Guilielhmus Fulco.
| W—_——_—— —— — = — —
Bleſtium. m. p. xi.
Ariconium. m. Þ. xl.
Clevum. m. Þp. xv.
Durocornovium. m. p. xiv.
Spinas. m. P. xv.
Callevam. m. p. xv.
es
2-4-8 - XIV,
Alio Itinere
Ab 1ſca
Callevam. m. p. ciii. fic ;
— -—- — ———
—
Venta Silurum. m. p.ix.
Abone. mw. p. ix.
Traje&tus. m. p. ix.
Aquis Solis, m. p. vi.
Verlucione. m. p. xv.
Cunetione. m. p. xx.
SPinis. mM. P. xv.
Calleva. m. p. xv.
14s XAT
A Calleva
Iſca Dumnunniorum.
M. P. CXxXxV1, fic ;
Vindomi. m. p. xv.
Venta Belgarum. m. p. xxi.
Brige. m. p. xi.
Sorbiodoni. m. p. viii.
Vindocladia. m. p. xii.
Durnonovaria. m. p. ix.
Moriduno. m. p. xxxvi.
Ifcadum Nunniorum. m. p. xv.
The
The GENERAL HEADS of the
AND
Counties of England,
ZCLALTN, Scots, CX111
B Name of, XXV1 | Saxons, CXX1
Manners of the Britains, XXXlil Names of, CXXX111
Romans in Britain, XXX1x | Saxon Coris® CXXXVI
Conjeftures upon the Britiſh Coins, IxxxVit | Danes, cli
Additions, xCt | Normans, Cliii
Notes upon the Roman Coins, xevii | Diviſion of Britain, c[xiil
Additions, C | Degrees of England, clxxi
Deſtruttion of Britain, Ci | Law-Courts of England, clxxxiil
Britains of Armorica, cv | Diſcourſe concerning Earl- Marſhal, clxxxix
Britains of Wales and C m— cvii | Original and dignity of Earl- Marſhal, cxciii
Pidts, CiX |
o ny gs Ec B CCaermardhinſhire, 621
2 JCormva ll, |= Buckinghamſhire, 277| & <Penbrokſbire, 629
& )Devonſhire, 25 | 3 < Bedfordſhire, 285| Q CCardiganſhire, 641
Q S | Hertfordſhire, 291
oy
= : Middleſe
S < Dorſet ſhire 43 S tadieſex, 307 4 Montgomeryſhire 649
S Te, S Eſſex, 339] $ Meirionydbſbire, 655
- - = 2c aernarvonſhire, 663
£5 2 | Angleſey, Mona, 67
Somerſet ſhire _ 5 Þ bo. 4/4" 3
e Swi, 3; | coup, +44 by [ng fa
© Hamfhire, 113|'s N orfolk, ; 333 Ps /
Ile of Wight, 127 | Y JC ambridgeſhire, qor|
ho Fluntingdonſhire, 419 | Princes of Wales, 695
L 5 Northamptonſhire, 429} __
D Barkſhire, I37 - | Leiceſterſhire, 441
< S4 Rut LandſÞire, 455 Torkſhire,Weſt-Rid. 705
— S 7 Lincolnſhire, 459 | Eaſt-Ridin -
_” & | Nottinghamſhire, 481 North. » 35
En Surrey, I53 ' Derbyſhire, tg] 1 an, 749
Ty Suſſex, #7 75 as /. 409] & Richmondſhire, 757
i - ATT = . Biſhoprick of Durham,7 7 x
jos . { Warwickſhire, 499 907 Lancaſhire, -$
= | Worceſterſhire, 315|Q /
E > 1B; Weftmorland, 895
> = Staffor ſſhire, 527 berland
= J#ent, 185] S Shropſhire 539 woe - wy : o19
z , mh 4
O w _Cheſhire, 553 CON IONE , ©37
Arſenals for the Royal Navy| — ©
in Kent, 229 " Herefordſhire, e272. 17
a | s | Radnorſhire, 585| _
'E | 3 < Brecknockſhire, 589].8
Z I oceſterſpire, 231 | Z | Monmouthſhire, 593 | = YNorthumberland, 847
S {Oxfordjbire, 7s | {Clamorganſhire, 60910
Large ADDITIONS at the ny of each County,
Explication of the Letters and F ioures in the Text.
ſa] [b], &c.
a, b, &c.
I, 2, QC, |
T1
"The Additions at the end of each
County; where the ſame Letters
anſwer them.
The curſory Remarks at the bot-
tom of the Pape.
Dr. Holland's Interpolations, ſet
in a (mall 7ralick, at the bottom
of the page.
DANMO-
4x;
w%
:
rh, \ Yo
& AGE E
T7: 75. PE |
f r-
T1 MH £
_ m_ CO — _
_— —
_ CC — I O—
TH
: NoRO
—————__— pi
\
F
S , Scale of < Hile-s
to
50
10 20 : 30 EY 4 c0 |
—————_—? , nm _—
| Jold by Abel Swals Auncham * zo
xcobLN SHIRE ”
NO wn), / an fi % John Church
eo
\ £
.
iy
—_—
Oblnge.
T 8: þe nn.
The P2-
#7.
bien 19
Conſt
antt-
", falſly
emiclcd to
mm; +
(af git fs 1 os
*H Ritain, called alfo ' Mlbion,
_and by the Gregks Beer.
112, Bpsmaerixt, Tigtmmris,
NaBbior, and A'\ser, the
moſt famous Ian of the | ther.
whole. world,” is divided
fra the Contingne” of
Europe by the ": n, It
[oi lies over againſt Germany
[and France ina _* Trian-
__ _ gular * form, Having |
three Promontories ſhooting out three agpify,d- dh
£2184
"-over
by the Britiſh Chanel, "Thus divided by a cotiveni-
ear diftance from theſe neighbouring Nations, .and
made fir by its ha for the rraffick of the
whole world, it feems to have advanc'd it'ſelf 'o1v all
ſides into the ſea,' as it were; for' the general benefit
of mankirid: - For berween Kem and Caleiin France,
it runs ſo'far out into the,ſea, and the *Chanel'is ſo
contracted, that * ſome are' of bpiniar' thar a breach
was there made to' receive 'the ſa, which 'eilt chat
time had been. excluded :-and torconfirm. it, they
bring Virgit's Anthority in that Verſe, WIG.
Et penitus toto diviſos arbe Britannes, 1 | ir 4 MN
And Britein quite from al the world disjeyn'd.
-*Becaaſe, fays Servins Honoratus, Britain was” anci-
ently" joy'd to-the ' Continent, And that of Claudian
they urge, inimitation of YVirg#, :
Noftro diduta Britannia mundo,
And Bram ſever'd from.our. World.
And it is not unlikely,that the outward' face and fa-
ſhion of the earth may by the Deluge and other cayfes
have been alter'd ; that fome mountains may have
been rais'd and heightr'd, and many high places
may have ſank into plains and ' valleys ;. lakes'and
meers may have been dried up, and dry' places may
have become lakes and meers; and ſome Iflands may
have been torn and broken off from the Continent.
But whether 'it be true indeed, and whether there
were any Iſlands before the Flood, I ſhall not here
argue, nor give too raſh a judgment- upon God's
Works. All know that the Divine Providence hath
againh France,
diſpos'd different things to the ſame end. And in-"
deed it hath always been allow'd, as well by Divines
as Philoſophers, that Iſles, ſcatter'd in the fea, do no
les contribute to the beauty of the whole World in
zeneral, than lakes difpers'd in the Continent, and
mountains raisd above plains.
Livy and Fabins Ruſticus have made the Form of
* S:rtule this Ifland to reſemble an * oblong Platter, or * -- two
edg'd Ax ; and ſuch certainly is its ſhape towards the
South (as Tacitus obſerves,) which yet hath been il!
apply'd to the whole Iſland. For Northward the
valt tract of land ſhooting forward in the '\utmoſt
ſhore, groweth narrow and ſharp likea wedge. The
Ancienes thought it ſo great fo very large in cir-
cumference, that Ceſar, who was the firſt of the Ro.
mans that diſcover'd it, wrote, that he had found out
'
þ
”
another world, ſuppoſong iti to be ſo great, that it ſeem'd
not to be ſnrraended 2h the. ſeg, be even 'to. encompaſs
the Ocean, And Fulines Solinus Polybifter aſſerts, that
for its Taxgeneb,, it almoſt deferv'd to be call ano-
Warld: Neverthele, our age, by the many
ſurveys made. by ſeveral perſons, hath now well nig
found the true Dimenſions of the whole We. For
from Tarviſiom to Beleriumi, reckoning ' the windings
' ing the
;
and turnings of the ſhores atong the Welt ſide, are
compured about 912 miles. From thence along the
Southern coaſts to Cantixim $26 miles. , Hence coaſt.
German Ocean, with crooked hays atid' in-
lets for 704. miles, it reacherh Gin ang ",So thar
by this computation, 'the whole Iſland 3s intircuir
1836 miles; which meaſure, . as it falls much ſhore
+ Schiinins Chixs is not worth my mentioning,whoin
| Apollenius de Mirabilibus (having told us' ſtrange ſto-
ries of fruits grawing. m Britas# without kernels, and
| grapes without ſtones) makes its circuit- 4co +, fur- + Staqiin
longs and ng. more. | But. Dionyſus Afer in his De-
ſcription of the World, hath given a much better ac-
count of the Britiſh Wands, that is, Brizain and
ta,
Tawy, T4 wi Gr: afercmor g uo ms danAy
Nij ous; <4: mu ner Bpimrwicn hagactC on.
| Valk isthe compals of the Bryiſb coalts ;
. A like extgnc no rival, Iſland boaſts.
And 'with' him rider and other Greek Writers
agree, who by way of excalleney have truly call*d
ita Muzzanv vin, the great Hand.
Now they that have 'more accurately compar'd the
ſpaces of the Heavens with the tracts of Earth, have
Blac'd Britain under the 8th Climate, and include it
within'the'* 18:5 and 26:b Paraltels, computing the
longeſt Day at 18 EquinoRtiat Hours and an half. The
Fands-end, according to the” Spherical fignre. of che
Earth, they place * 16'degrees and 50 fcruples from
the fartheſt point weſtward; and the Kemriſh Foreland
in 2r:degrees of Longitade. As for the Laricude, they
meaſure in the Southern parts 54 degrees 10 ſcruples 3
at Carhmeſs 59 degrees 40 ſcruples.- So that Brizain,
by this ſifitation, mult needs enjoy both a fertile foyl;
and 2 moſt temperate air. The Summers here are
not ſo ſcorching, - by reaſon of the conftant breezes
which fan the air, and moderate the Heats. Theſe,
as they mvigorate every thing that grows, {© the
give both to man ahd beaft at the fame time their
health and their refreſhment. The Winters alſo here
are mild and gentle. This PR not only from
| the thickneſs and cloſeneſs of the air, bnt alſo from'
"the frequency of thoſe ſtill ſhowers, which do with us
much ſoiten, and break the violence of the cold. Be-
ſides that, the ſeas which encompaſs it, do fo cherith
the land with their gentle warmth, that che cold is
here much leſs ſevere than in ſome parts of France and
It aly. Upon this conſideration, Mmntius Felix, when
he would prove that the Divine Providence conſults
not only the intereſt of the world in general, but
alſo of each part,. makes uſe of: our ifland as an in-
ſtance. Though Britain (faich he) enjoys ner ſo much
the aſpett and influence of the ſun, yet inſtead thereof, it
u refreſhed and comforted by the warmth of the ſea which
ſurrounds it. Neither need we think thay reflexion
ſtrange, which he makes upon the warmth of the
ſea ; ſince Cicero makes the ſame obſervation, The
ſeas, faith he, rofſed ro and fro with the winds, grew ſo
Ce
« That Britain was ever by an Iſthmus joyn'd
cited by Mr. Camden) White's Hitt. Brit. af
Brit an. |. 1. c.4. Verftegen, |. 1.6. 4 Some Forci
this groundleſs tancy.
Loagicude of the Lands Exd being bur 11 Degrees
$o D-grees, ard of Cathneſs ſcarce 18 and an half.
the 1874 to the 25h Paralicl,
Ten
Whence
q For 16, read 13«
rs I ns
Eaftward to the Continent of Frence,ſcems an improbable —_— However, {ce (beſides Authors
Not. 11. Burton's Comment. on Antonin. p. 18. 19. Twin.
Foreigners allo, Domunicus Marius Niger, Autonus Volſcius, YViuianus, and Du Bartas have favour'd
+ Sce Sir Henry Savil upon this place in Tacitus. + Schymrw. « Later Diſcovcrics have berter defined rhe fite of Britain, the
from f, and Cantium or the” Fore land but 58 and an half, The Latitade of the Lizard
e Rebus Albion. © Britan. Sammes
Tropical Day is from 16 Houry 19 Min. to 18 Hows 2: Min: that is, from
B
warmth,
of Pliny's, fo is it alfy ſomewhat leſs than Cz/ar's. Com.l.s
So
, $oas ig ial tid. Gun neat (16h) 1a Ee
ST RS TAS Ht.
Probrit in
Birg Geo =
*[em vis.
Zoſumus.
Warm, that from thence it may readily be inferred, that
there is a COrtam heat that {yes concealed in that wast
fiaid bedy, To the temperacte ſtate alſo of this iſland
þ
- Ceſcenins Getulicns, a very antient Poet, ſeems to have
reipe, ih theſe his ve:{cs concerning Britein.,
Non illic &ries werno ferit aera corm,
Gnoſſta nec Gemini pracedunt cornua T auri,
Sicca Lycaonies reſrpmat planſtra Boores,
Notthere the ſpring the Ram's unkindneſs mourns,
Nor Timur fees the Twins before his horns, *
Eis Northern wain where dry Boores turns,
Cxfar alſo takes notice, Thar the country is more tem-
perate than Gaule, and the cold leſs piercing. And Cor-
nelius Tacicus obſerveth, That in thus Iſland there u« no
extremity of cold: And farther adds, That except the
vine, n elive, and ſome other fruits peculiar to the hotter
climates, 1t produceth all things elſe in great plenty: That
the ſruits of the earth, as to their coming up, are forward
in Britain, bat ave very ſlow in ripening. Of both which
there u one and the ſame cauſe, the exceſſive moiſt ure 4
the earth and air. For indeed our air ( as Strabo hat
obſerved ) x more obnoxious to rain, than ſnow, How:
ever, fo happy is Britain in a moſt ner” product
of all ſorts of grain, that * Orpheus hath called it 7h
very ſeat of Ceres. For to this Iſland 7 we are to ap-
ply that expreſſion,
id” wwpia Suar" draws
AnunnG—
See here the ſtately Court
Of Royal Ceres!
And in antient times, this was as it were the gra-
nary and magazine of the Weſtern Empire. For
from hence the Romans were wont every year, in
800 veſſels larger than * barks, totranſport vaſt quan-
tities of corn, for the ſupply of their armies in gariſon
Eunapivs upon the frontiers of Germany. Butperchance I may
twz.
#3 549- ſeem too fond and laviſh in the prom of my own
Country; and therefore you ſhall now hear an old
Panegyric Orator deliver its Encomium. O, fortunate Britain
to Con-
RAantinc.
the moth happy country in the world, in that thou didi}
fir#t behold abs our Emperour. Thee hath Na.
ture deſervedly enrich d with all the choiceFt bleſſings both
of heaven and earth. Thou feeleit neither the exceſſive
colds of winter, nor the ſcorching heats of Summer. Thy
harveſts reward thy labours with ſo vaſt an encreaſe, as
ro ſupply my Tables with bread, and thy Cellars with liquor.
Thy woods bave no ſavage beaſts ; no ſerpents barbour Go
to hurt the traveller. Innumerable are thy berds of cattle,
and the flocks of ſheep, which, feed chee premifuly, and
cloath thee richly. And as to the comforts of life, the days
are long, and no night paſſe: without ſome glimps of lets,
Fer whilſt thoſe utmoſt plains of the ſea-ſhore are ſo flat
and low, as not to caſt a to create night ; they ne-
wer loſe the ſight of the heavens and ſtars ; but the ſun,
which to us appears to ſet, ſeems here only juſt to paſs by,
I ſhall here alſo introduce another Orator, uſing
Pan*eyiic theſe expreflions to Conflamias, the father of Con-
n
ffantins.
ſtantine the Great. And I aſſure you, no ſmall damage
as it, not only to loſe the name of Britain, but the great
advmtages thenee accruing to our Commonwealth ; to part
with a land ſo ftored with corn, ſo flouriſhing in paſturage,
rich in ſuch ſtore and variety of metals, ſo profitable in its
tributes, on all its coaſts ſo furniſhed with convenient
harbours, and ſo immenſe in its extent and circuit, Alſo
Natures particular indulgence to this our Ifland, a
Poet of conſiderable antiquity hath thus expreſs'd,
addreſſing himſelf to Britain in this Epigram, in ſome
nrens opinion uot unworthy to be publithed.
Tu nimio nec ftrifta gelu nec ſydere fervens,
Clementi calo temperieq; places.
Cum pareret natura parens, varioq; favore
Divideret dotes omnibrs una locs,
Sepoſuit potiora tibi, matremgz profeſſa,
In{ula ſis felix plenaq; packs, at.
Cuioquid amat Inxws, quicquid deſiderat uſus,
Ex te proveniet, wel alumnde tibs,
—— —— RR omm———_—
_ —
|
Nor cold nor heat'sextreams thy pzople fear,
But gentle ſeaſons trrn the peac-tul year.
When teeming natures careful hand beftow'd
Her various favours on her numc1ousÞrood,
For thee th'indulgent nidther kept the belt,
Smil'd in thy face, and thus her GE bleit.
In thee, my darling Itle, ſhall nevet ceaſe
The conſtant joys of happineſs aid peace.
What ere can furniſh luxury or uf-
Thy fea ſhall bring thee, or thy land produce.
This happy fertility, arid plcaſantnefs of Britain, 7"/ue Fu:
gave occaſion to: ſome perſons to imagine that thele 94; "7rolgn
were the Fortunate Iſlands, and tholc Seats of the Bleſ- vr
ſed, where hy Poets tell us, that the whole face ors __—
ture always ſmiled with one perpetual ſpring. 1 his
15 affir by Iſacins Tiyrag aan pf Greeks a 11 his
man of conſiderable reputation. And our own An. *'miTent
ceſtors, it ſeems, admitted the ſame notion, as lite- paws,
rally true. For when Pope Clement VL. (as we
read in Robert of Awverbury) had declared Lewis of
Spain King of the Fortunate Tands, and to effe& his
projet, had begun to levy forces in France and lealy ; 1344-
our Countrymen were preſently poſſetied with an
ona that the Pope's intent was ro make him King
of our Iſland, and that all theſe preparations were
deſigned for Britain, as one of thole Fortunate [land:.
Nay, fo prevalent was this conceit, that even our
grave Embaſladors, then reſident at Rome, hereupon
hr jos in a diſguſt, and _— va eo —_
cheir country with its approaching danger. Nor in-
deed would any man in = age be of another mind,
ſuppoſing him barely to contfjder the Fortunate ſtate
and the happy circumſtances of this our Britiſh Iſland.
It is connlaly the maſter-piece of Nature, perform'd
when ſhe was in her beſt and gayeſt humour ; which
ſhe placed as a little world by it ſelf, upon the ſide
of the greater, for the diverſion of mankind. The
moſt accurate model which ſhe propoſed to her ſelf,
to beautifie the other parts of the Univerſe. For
here, which way ſoever we turn our eyes, we are
entertain'd with a charming variety, and proſpects
extreamly pleaſant. I need not enlarge upon its In-
habitants, nor extol the vigour and firmneſs of their
conſtitution, the inoffenſiveneſs of their humour,
their civility to all men, and their courage and bra-
very, fo often tryed both at home and abroad; and
not unknown to the remoteſt corner of the earth.
But concerning the moſt antient and the very firſt The 6:
Inhabitanc of this Iſland, as alſo the original of the [ta |
name of Britain, divers opinions have been ſtarted; reafor ot
and a great many ( as a certain writer has expreſs'q *>* 56
it ) who knew little of the matter, have yet eſpou.
ſed it very warmly, Nor ought we Britains to ex-
pect more certain'evidences in this caſe, than other
nations. For, excepting thoſe in particular, whaſe
originals the holy Scriptures have plainly delivered,
all the reſt, as well as we, remain under a dark cloud
of error and ignorance, concerning their firſt riſe.
Nor indeed could it otherwiſe be, conſidering under
how much rubbiſh the revolutions of fo many paſt
ages have buried Truth. The firſt Inhabitants of
| countries had other cares and thoughts to trouble
their heads withal, than that of tranſmitting their
originals to poſterity. Nay, ſuppoſing they had ne-
ver ſo much deſired it, yet could they never have ef.
feftually done it. For their life was altogether un-
civilized, pertetly rude, and wholly taken up in
wars, ſo that they were long without any Learning,
which as it is the effe& of a civiliz'd lite, of peace
and leiſure, fo is it the only ſure and certain means
of preſerving and tranſmitting to poſterity the me-
mory of things paſt. Moreover the Druids, who
were the Prielts among the Britains and Gauls, and
to whoſe care was committed the preſervation of
all their antient traditions: and likewii/: the Bards,
who made it their buſineſs to celebrate all gallant and
remarkable adventures; both the one and the other,
thought it uniawſul to commit any thing to books or
—_—
—
© Pur more rru'y Onomacritts, ſays a lare Author,
# If this expreſſion is to be applicd ro Britain, ir my be worth our white to conſider,
whether it £028 not prove the Hand to haye been more early known td the Antients, than our Autho; will atcrwards allow it,
4
ef
i! writing,
ST
The firſt Inhabitants.
bs
Grfry of
Monmouth
4 7? F Hey.
64/115 Co-
[PTJL 1/4 IP
Rrwhne bn
writing. But, ſuppoſing they had left any marrers |
upon record, yer, without doubt, at ſo vaſt a di-
ſtance and after ſo many and ſo great alterations [ in
this Iſland] they mult needs have been loſt long
ſince. For welſee, that Stones, Pyramids, Oveliſques,
and other Memuments, that were eltcem'd more du-
rable than brafs it ſelf, for preſerving the memory of
things, have long ſince yelded to, and periſhed by
the 1njuries of time. But in the ſubſequent ages, there
aroſe in many nations a fort of men, who were ve-
ry ſtudious to ſupply theſe defetts out of their own
invention. For when they could not tell what to de-
liver for certain truth, yet, that th:y might art leaſt
delight and pleaſe ſome mens wanton fancy, they in-
vented divers ſtories ( every one according to the
{trength of his own imagination ) about the original
and namesof People. Theſe fancies ſome men quick-
ly embrac'd, without a more curious ſcarch into the
truth; and moſt were fo taken with the pleaſure of the
fables, that they ſwallow'd them without more adoe.
But to omit all other writers, there is one of our
own nation, Gesffry ap Arthur of Monmeuth, ( whom
I am loth to repreſent amiſs in this point ) publiſh'd
in the Reign of Henry IE. an Hiſtory of Britain, tran-
ſlated, as he pretends, out of the Britzh Tongue:
wherein he tells us, That one Brurzs, a Trojan by
deſcent, the Son of Silvizs, Grandchild ro Aſcamme,
and Great-grandchild to the famous «fnea:, ( whoſe
mother was Yenzs, and conſequently himſelf defcen-
ded from Fcwe.) That this man art his birth coft his
mother her life; and by chance having killed his Fa-
ther in hunting, ( which thing the Magicians had
foretold ) was torc'd to fly into Greece ; That there -
he reicued from ſlavery the progeny of Helenws, fon
of Priam, overcame King Pandraſrs, marry*'d his
daughter, put to fea with the ſmall remainder of the
Trojans, and falling upon the Hland of Leogetia, was
there adviſed by the Oracle of Diana, to ſteer his
courſe towards this our weſtern Ifland. Accordingly,
that he fail'd through the + Streiz4"rs of Gibraltar,
( where he eſfcap'd the Syrezs) and afterwards, paſ-
ſing through the To»ſcan Sea, arrived in Aquitain,
That in a 'pitcht battle, he routed Golfarins Pittus,
King of Aquitain, togzther wita twelve Princes of
Gauie, that aflliited him. And then atter he had built
the ciry of Towrs, ( as he fays Homer tells us) and
overran Gaule, he ci ofled over into this Iſland, then
inhabited by Giants. "That having conquered them,
together with Gogmeagrg, who was the greateſt of them
all, from his own name he gave this Iſland the name
of Brita, in the year of the world 2855. and 334
heyear of Years before the firſt Olympiad, and before the nati-
the warld
2855. b
tore the
birth of
Cirilt,
1108,
vity of Chriſt, 1108. Thus far Gerffry. But there arc
* others, who bring other grounds and reaſons for this
name of Britain. Sir Thomas Eliet Ke. a very learned
man, derives it from a Greek Word, Ilegmrae,
which term among the Athenians ſignified rheir pub.
lick revenues. Humphrey Lloyd, who hath the reputa-
tion to be one of the beſt Antiquaries of this King-
dom, with much afſurance refers its original to the
Britiſh word Pridcarn, that is to ſay, a white form.
Pomponius Letus tells us, © that the Britams of Armo-
rica in France gave it that name. Goropius Becanus will
have it, that the Danes ſettled themſelves here, and
ſo called it Bridania, i. e. Free Dania. Others de-
rive it from Prutenis [| Pruſſia, ] a part of Germany.
Bodin ſuppoſeth it took its name from Brerra, a Spa-
niſh word, which ſignifies Earth. Forcatulus, from
Brithin, which, as it appears in Athenzus, was the
name of a fort of drink among the Grecians. Others
deduce it from the Brutiz in Italy, whom the Greeks
called Bp«7Jivs, But thoſe Pedants are by no means
to be endured, who would have it tO be called Br:i-
tain, from the brutiſh manners of the Inhabitants. *
Theſe are all the opinions ( fo far as I know) that
were ever thought worthy regard, touching the name
of Britain. But as we cannot chooſe, but think the
—————————
haions of foreigners in this matter extreamly ridicu-
lous, fo we muſt needs own, that divers of our own
Countrymen give us no very latisatory account.
And indeed, 1n theſe and other fuch like cafes, it is
much eaſier to dete& at falſity, than to' eftablih a
truth. For, beſides that it is in it fe!f an abfardiry to
ſeek the reaſon of this name in a foreign language,
the general conſent of the morenoted Hiſtorians con-
fute Letus 3 all informing us, that thoſe Britairs of
France went from hence, and carried the name along
with them thither. Alfo Brizein flouriſhed under this
name ſeveral hundred yeats before the names of Da-
nia and Prutenia were ever known in the world. And
what hath our Britain to do with the Spaniſh Bretta ?
( which indeed I queſtion much, whether it be a
Spaniſh word, ) and why ſhould this Iſland be fo
call'd, rather than any other country ? Ir can hardly
| be made out, that the drink Brirhin was ever uſed
in our country ; and to deduce the name of our na-
tion from a liquor of the Grecians, is ridicu!ous. The
ſralian Br«ti* were indeed, as Strabo noteth, by the
Lucani called By47]:o1, which implies as much. as Fu-
gitives or Rovers: But that the Brutii ever rov'd io
tar as Britain, can never be provid To come, now
to the conjectures of our own Countrymen: Elic:'s
NTpurerdz feems very improbable, ſince that word
was peculiar to the Athenians; and the Greeks were
wont to call this Iſland Bremrizr, not Nr mardiey.
Lloid's Pridcain, from whence he derives . Britain,
ſeems fo far fetch'd, and fo overftraind an Erymoio-
gy, that'l need not alledge, how the word Cain
comes originally from the Latin Candidu; ; which had
crept into the provincial language of the Britains.
But now could we be bttt once well fatisfied, that
this * Hiſtory of Brutus were true and certain, there
would be no farther occaſion for any laborious ſearch
aſter the Original of the Britiſh nation ,, that buſineſs
were all at an end, and lovers, of Antiquity wou'd
be excus'd from a troubleſome and tedious, eriquiry.
For my part, I am fo far from labouring to difcredic
chat Hiſtory, that I aflure you, 1 have often ſtrained
my Invention to the utrermoſt to ſupport it. Abſo-
Jutely to reject it, would be to make war againſt time,
and to fight againſt a receiv'd opinion. For ſhall
one of my mean capacity preſume to give ſentence
in a point of ſo much conſequence ? I refer the
controverſie intirely to the whole body of learned
Antiquaries; and leaving every man freely to the li-
berty of his ewn judgment, ſhall not be much con-
cern'd at any ones opinion.
And yet here I find my felf oblig'd to take notice
(and I hope, ſince I ſearch after nothing but truth,
with the Reader's pardon ) that there are learned
and judicious men, who endeavour divers ways to
invalidate this relation, and are wont to attack me,
when I offer to defend it, with theſe or the like ar-
guments. 'Their firſt objeftion they draw from the
age wherein - _— are = to have been done,
and peremptorily aflerr, that all is ly fabulo
( the facred Hiftories excepted ) whnckdottr is deli.
vered by Hiftorians, as done before the firſt Olym-
piad, 5. e. the year 770 before the birth of our Sa-
viour. Now theſe things which are told us concer-
ning Brutus, precede that period by above zoo years.
This exception they ground upon the authority of
Varro, the moſt learned among the Roman writers,
with whom the firſt period of cime, which was from
the creation to the deluge, bears the title of *Aſrazy,
z. e. obſcure and ' wncertain, ſo called from our igno-
rance Of the tranſactions of thoſe times. The ſecond,
which was from the deluge to the firſt Olympiad, he
calls Mu9:x5y, 5. e. fabulous, becauſe moſt of thoſe Hi-
ſtories are fabulous, even of the Greek and Roman
Authors, the learned part of the world, much more
among a barbarous and unlearned people, ſuch as
were doubtleſs, in thoſe times, all the inhabitants of
theſe Northern parts. Inthe next place they alledge,
, See this confured in the beginning of Cornwal. And Humfrey Lloyd, in opp ficion to it, affirms that we meet with no mention of that By/-
fannma Miner, Or Little Bretagne, b-tore Siconius Apollinaris.
» According tu
he molt antient Iriſh Antiquities, Britain was fo called from
Brittan, Sun of Fergus fizz Nemech:; turwerly call'd 1r.4# Mor, agreeable ro Ariftides's Inſuls magna ; whercot Seiden in Mare clanjuxs. Sce
Ogyg- Þ+ 11, 12, 66, 170.
: Some Attemp!s are made upon 2 detcace of this ſtory by Sciden, Anr.or- ad Polyolb, p. 17.
B 2 that
Cenfori-
nUS-
The fabu-
lous rime,
or 2ge.
momagr gut: ono”, SA I,
TT ITT On png 2. F my Pl
=Y rtI; Ja) I
2% 8 , &t
moe rn WO I IL
OA UB ori ROAR
my a Wd » 4 waar ic 4 pe
Tus 0D 9b - pb . "q & ©
TT OT Pon
R
alin acc 0. tated FT n
7 4 ARE BS *%
EIN
BRIT ALTN.
that this relation 15 not Rey the authority of |
any proper writer, which in all Hiſtory mult be al-
lowed to be the thing moſt material. Now they call
thoſe proper writers, who have antiquity and learn-
ing agreeable 3 and in proportion to thoſe, they give
more or leſs credit. But to all this fort of Authors,
as well as to the antient Britains themſelves, they
confidently aver, that the very name of Brutus was
rfeaAly unknown. Farther they ſay, that Czar
imfſelf hath aſſured us, that above 1600 years ago,
upon the ſtrifeſt enquiry, be could only diſcover thus
much, that the inland-parts of Britain were mbabited by
ſuch as were the true and ancient natives ; but that the
Sea-coaſts were peopled with foreigners, who had paſſed
over thither out of Belgium. Tacitus alſo, (above
1490 years ago) who had made diligent ſearch into
theſe matters, ſays, I/oat fort of men did at firſt in- |
habit Britain, whether bred and born in that land, or
whether they came thither from foreign parts, among
ſuch a barbarous people, cannot now be diſcovered. Alſo
Gildas Sapiens, who himſelf was a Britain, and lived
above 1009 years ſince, ſays not one word concern-
ing this Brutus ; nay, even declares himſelf not well
ſatisfied, whether the ancient Britams had any re-
cords or writings at all, wherein they had tranſmit-
ted their hiſtory and original to PROuy: And
therefore he plainly confeſles, That he took all our of
foreign writers, and not out of any writimgs or records
[ft by his own country-men. For if there ever had been
any ſuch, they were in bi time quite loſt, having either
tirely prevailed againſt that Hiberus, Dans, Brabo,
and all the reſt of theſe mock-princes; they much
wonder why the Britains ſhould 1o fondly adhere to
their Brutws (as the original of their Iſland's name)
and to their Trojan extraction 3 as if there had been
no Britains here before the deſtrution of Troy
(which happen'd about 1000 years after the deluge)
or as if there had not lived many valiant men in the
world betore Agamenmon,
Farther yet they tell us, that the preateſt part of
learned Authors, as Boccatmes, Vives, Hadrianus Funi-
us, Polydore, Buehanan, Vignier, Genebrardns, Molina-
us, Bodinus, and other perſons of great judgment,
do unanimouſly affirm, that there never was ſuch a
man as this Brutus, Nay more, that very many of
our Country-men, perlons eminent for their learning,
reject him as a meer linpoſtor. Among whom in
the firſt place, they prodii-e Fob*; of Hheathamſted,
Abbot of St. Albans, a man ot excellent judgment,
who wrote long ago concerning this matter in his
Granarium. ficcording to other bujtor1's (which in the
Judgment of ſome men, deſerve mnch more credit) the
whele relation concerning Brutus, #s rather poectical than
hiſtorical, and upon ſeocral accounts, rather fanciful than
real, As firſt, we find no where in the Roman Hiſto.
ries, the leaſt mention, ether of the killing of the fatber,
or of the begetting or baniſhment of the ſon. Secondly,
Aſcanius, according ro ſeveral authors, had no ſon, whoſe
proper name was Yilvius. For they give us an account
but of one that he ever bad, to wit, Julius, from whom
afterward the Julian family had its orig mal &c. And third!y,
been burnt by the enemy at home, or carried away by the
exiles into A 5a parts, Niniws alſo, diſciple. of Eiu-
odugus, in the preface to his Chronicle, written 8c0
years ſince, complains, That the greateſf Scholars a.
Mong the Britains, had but little learning, and that they
had left no memorials. And confeſleth, that whatſoever
he had written, was collefted out of the Annals and Chre.
micles of the Holy Fathers, They allo argue, That
Bede, William of Malmsbury, and all the reſt, who
wrote before the year 1160, ſeem not to have ever
heard fo much as the name of our Brutus ; there is
as to this particular in all their writings ſuch an uni- |
verſal ſilence,
They obſerve farther, that the very name of this |
Prutzs Was a ſtranger to the world, untill a molt |
barbarous and ignorant age gave an opportunity to
one Humibald, a trifling writer, to obtrude his Francis,
a Trojan, Son to King Priam, as the Founder of
the French name and nation. Hencethey conclude,
that when our country-men had once heard that
their neighbours the French, derived their pedigree
from the Trojans, they thought it below them, to
ro come behind a people in deſcent, whom they e-
qualed in valour. And hereupon, 409 years ago,
our Geoffry ap Arthur of Monmouth, firit of all grati-
iy'd the Britains with this Brurzs, as Founder of the
Britiſh Nation, and feigned him not only of a Tro-
jan, but alſo of a divine extraction. Betore which
time they urge that there never was any the
che leaſt mention made of ſuch a man as Brutws.
They add moreover, that much about the fame
time Scotch writers ſet up their fictitious * Scora,
Daughter of Pharaoh, King of Egypt, as the Foun-
dreſs of their Nation. That thereabouts too, ſome
perſons abuſing their parts, and miſ-ſpending their
time, without any ground of truth, forged tor the
Iriſh, their Hiberusz for the Danes, their Danus ; for
the Brabanders, their Brabo ; for the Goths, thcir
Gothus ; for the Saxons, their Saxo, as the Founders
of their ſeveral nations. Bur now this our more
knowing age hath diſcovered all theſe Impoſtures ;
and ſince, the French have rejected their Francio as a
meer counterfeit. The French, ſaith the moſt learned
Turnebus, when they lay claim to a Trojan original, do
it purely. in emulation of the Romans. For when they
ſaw this people ſo much build upon that, as the moſt
noble pedigree, they thought it convenience to inveſt
themſelves in the ſame honour. Since alſo the moſt
Silvius Poſthumus, whom poſſidly Geoftry may mean,
was the Son of A\neas by hs wife Lavinia, and be ha-
wing had a (on named Aneas, in the 38th year of bas
Reign, ended his life, not by an) miſchance, but by a na-
tural death, By all which circumſtances it is apparent,
that that-Kingdom, which is now called England, was nut
beretofore named Britain, from Brutus rhe ſon of Silvius,
as many will have it. But others look upon the whole as
no other than a ridiculous piece of foppery and vanity, to
lay claim to this nobility of deſcent, when we cannet
ground our pretence upon any probable foundation, 'Tis
Virtue alone that gives nobility to any nation ; and it x a
greatneſs of mind, with exattneſs of reaſon, that makes
the true Gentleman. Suitable hereunto, Seneca in hu
Epiſtles, tells us out of Plato, That there w no King, who
was not extratted from ſlaves; nor any ſlave that de.
ſcended nor from Kings. Let this therefore be allowed the
Britiſh nation, as a ſufficient evidence of their honourable
original, that they are courag:ows and reſolute in war,
that they have been ſuperior to all their enemies round,
and that they bave a natural aver(iom to ſervitude, In
the ſecond place, they produce Wiliam of Newbeurgh,
a much more ancient writer, who in this rough lan-
guage, fixed the ge ol forgery upon Geoffrey, the
compiler of the Britiſh hiſtory, as toon as ever he had
pub:uhed it. A certain writer, ſtarted up in our days,
bath deviſed ſtrange and ridiculons tales concerning the
Britains, and with a ſort of inpudent vanity, hath ex.
rolled them far above the gallantry of the Macedonians or
Romans, His name «s Geoffrey, but be hath the addi.
tional one of Arthur too, becauſe be ſent abroad, un-
der the honourable title of an hiſtory, the Fables of Kin
Arthur, taken out of the old fictions of the Britains, wit
ſome additions of bus own, which be hath coloured over with
a little Latine, The ſame man,with yet greater boldneſs,
bath publiſhed as authentick prophcſies (and pretends to
ground them upon certain truth) ib2 fallacions predictions
of one Merlin ; unto which alſo, in tranſlating them into
Latin, he hath added a good deal of his own invention.
And a little after, Beſides, in that book of bis, which he en.
titles The Hiſtory of the Britains, how [awcily and bare.
facedly he forges every thing, is obvious ro any one who reads
it, not altogether a ſtranger to the antient hiſtories. For
ſuch men as bave not informed themſclves of the iruth,
ſwallow all Fables that come to hand by the lump, I /ay
nothing of thoſe great adventures of the Britains befure
Julius Czfar's landing and government, which ke either
ſober and thinking part ofthe Scots. have caſt off their | feigned himſelf, or handed down the fabulous inventicns
Sco:a; and the force of Truth it ſelf hath at laſt en-
of others, as authemtick, Infomuch, that Giraidus
ee —
_—4 —_—
; The 1:ifh and Scorch in the bulines of Pharaoh's daughter, thould not be made two different nations. Sce Qzyz, p. 65. 344. £12. © pay.
453. Ujher. Primord. Cap. 16.
Cambrenſis,
He !ive
abou the
year 1443,
Epiſt. 44
.. k
ix The firſt Inhabitants. X
p{ript. Cambrents, who. lived and wrete in the ſame age, | juſt apprehenſions of cenſitre, could not perſuade ns.
Combr. ade no ſcruple to call it, The Fabulous Hiſtory of Ge- | to Uelilt. Now, that I may with the more eaſe and
#7" efftry. Others deride Geoffry's foolith Topography in ſucceſs diſcover the reaſon of this name, if poſlible ,
this narration, and his counterfeited teſtimony of
Homer ; and world perſuade us, that the whole ſto-
ry isathing patched up of meer incongruities and ab-
ſurdicies. They remark farther, that theſe his writ-
ivgs, together with his Merlin, ſtand condemned, a-
mong other prohibited books, by the Church of
Rome. Orthers obſerve, that the greateſt admirers
of this our Brutus, are themſelves ſtill wavering and
unreſolved in the point. That Author (fay they)
who takes upon him the name and title of G:/4as,
and briefly glofſeth upon Ninivs, in the firſt place
zmagineth this our Brutus, to have been a Roman
Conſul ; in the next, to have been the ſon of one
Silvius, and then at laſt of one Heſſicion. I have
heard alſo, that there is a certain Count Palatine ve-
Iy earneſt to have our Brutus called Brotus, becauſe
his birth was fatal to his mother, Bens, in Greek ſig-
nifying morta!. In the judgment of others, theſe
men might have wed. on the Britains a more
robable, and yet a more illuſtrious original, if they
Fad drawn their deſcent, either from Bro the Cen-
taure, mentioned by Higinus ; or from that Breranus,
upon whoſe daughter Celeice (according to Parthenius
Niczus,a very antient author) ' Hercules begat Celtus,
the father of the Celre, and from which Bretans,
Helychius deriveth the word Britam.
Thus 1 have laid before you the obſervations, and
[ will in the firſt place endeavour to hnd our, as well
as I can, who were the firft Inhabitants ot this and.
Though indeed theſe firſt Planters lye fo clofe in tl:
molt hidden retirements of Antiquity, as in fome
thick grove; that there is but very ſmall or no hopes
of ever retrieving by my diligence, whathath, for {
many ages paſt, lain buried 1n oblivion,
To runup our enquiries therefore ashigh as we can
(omitting Czlar, Diodorus, and other writers, who
will have the Britains to be *Avr; vas and Aborigines,
home-bred, and never tranſported from any other
place a” 109. we mankind at firſt ſprung out of
the earth like muſhromes ;) we are inforined by Ao.
ſes in the facred Hiſtory, that after the Flood, ths
three Sons of Noah, Show, Ham, and fapher, after
their iſſue were multiplied to a great number, left ths
mountains of 4rmenia, where the Ark had reſted,
ſeparating themſelves into the ſeveral quarters of the
earth, and that by them the whole world was peo-
pled. It may alſo farther be proved, as well by rea-
fon, as by the authority of TLeophilus Antiochenus, that
when their families came to be diſperſed abroad by
lictle and lictle, ſome of their polterity at laſt arrived
in this our Mland. /#hereas (fays he) m Ad time there
were but few men mw Arabia and Chclaca, after the di.
viſion of tongues they more and more encrea{cd, Hereupon
ſome took their way toward the Eaſt, others to other
Bret ax,
opinions of other men upon this {ubject. If 1 have | parts of the great and wide Continent ; others Travel;
any ways impaired the credit of that hiſtory con- | 79wards the North, ſeeking a place where 10 ſertle, till
cerning Bratus, no man can reaſonab!y Guarrel with | marched on, taking peſſeſſeon of all that lay before them,
me; for I hope, in matters of this nature, every man | 4! ill they came at laſt even 0 Britain, ſeated in the nor-
may be allowed the liberty of his own thoughts, and | *5erm climates. Moſes himſelf doth alfo exprefly af-
ot publiſhing thoſe of other. men. For my part, it ſert the ſame, when he informs us, that the Iſlands
ſhall never trouble me, if Brutus paſs current tor | of the Gentiles were divided «n their lands, by the
the father and founder of the Brirz|h Nation. Let the vemagel of Japhet. The Iſlands of the Genttites,
Britains deſcent ſtand good, as they deduce it from | Divines do interpret to be thoſe which lay fartheſt
the Trojans. I ſhall never contradict ir : nay, | | off : and Wolpbgangus My/cu/zrs, a Divine of conſide-
ſhall ſhew you hereafter, how with truth ic may be | rable repute, is of opinion, that the nations and fa-
maintained, 1 am not ignorant, that in old time Na- | milies which deſcended from Zapher, were the firſt
LU: tions had recourſe to Hercules, in later ages to the Tro. | potlciſors of the European Iſlands ; fuch as are (faith
jans, for their originals. And let antiquity herein be | he) England, Sicily, &c. Now that Europe fell to
pardoned, if ſhe ſometimes diſguiſe the ' truth with | the ſhare of Faphez and his potterity, belides Di-
the mixture of a fable, and bring in the Gods them- | vines, Joſephus and other Authors, have delivered as
ſelves to aft a part, when ſhe deſign'd thereby ro their OPINION. To which purpoſe, Iidore cites this
render the beginnings, either of a city, or of a na- patlage out of an ancient writer, The Nations, Ove 2
tion, more noble and majeltical. For Pliny well ob. | hich ſprang from Japhet, poſſeſs from the mcuntain 9. cap. 3,
ſerves, That even falſly to pretend to a deſcent from id. Taurus to the North, all the middle part of Affia, and
luftrions perſons, argues ſume reſpec; for vertue. And all Europe, as far as to the Britiſh Ocean, and gave
for my part, I readily agree with Varro, the moſt their names both to the places, and to the People ; a great
learned of the Romans, That theſe originals, fetch- | many whereof, bave been ſince changed ; but the reſt re-
ed from the Gods, though in themſelves falſe, yer are | 974m the ſame. And we fee in the Eurepeans, that
at leaſt thus far uſeful, that men, preſuming upon a di. | prophetical | benedi&tion of Noah tulfilled, God ſhall Geneſtt
wine extraftion, may thereby be excited to generous enter. | enlarge Faphet, and be ſhall dwell in the tents of Shem,
priſes, and purſue them with a more than ordinary eager- and Canaen ſhall be bis ſervant, Tor it was Europe,
neſs ; which makes them ſeldom fail f extraordinary ſuc | as Piiny faith, which produced that people, who
4m ceſs. From which words (by the way) St. u/{tin | were tne Conquerors of all other Nations, and have
gathers, that the moſt learned Varro was inclined to
think, thatall ſuch opinions were really grounldels ;
though he did not openly and expreſly own it. Since
therefore men are not yet agreed, either concerning
the notion of the name, or concerning the firlt In-
habicants of Bri:ain 3 (and whether as to theſe points
the truth will ever hereafter be more clearly diſco-
more than once triumphed over the other parts,
which were the thare of Shew and Cham : and this
was peopled by Fapvet and his poſterity. For from his
ſeveral Sons, came the ſeveral nations ; f.om Mageg,
che Maſſagetz; from Favan, the lonians ; from Thubal
the Spaniards ; and from Mefech, the Moſcovites. And
his eldeſt fon Gomer,inthele our moſt remote parts of
vered, now it hath lain fo long, and ſo deeply buri- | Europe,gave both original and name to the Gomerians,
who were afterward called * C:mbri and Cimmerii:For Gemeri,
ed, I muſt declare my feif extreamly doubrtul: ) 1
Cimern,
Cumert,
hope the reader will be inclineable to excuſe me too, | that name of the Cimbri or Cimmerii, did, in procefs
&c.
if 1 modeſtly interpoſe my own conjecture, without | of time, almot fill all theſe parts of the world, and
any prejudice to or againlt any perſon : not in a | ſpread itfelt very far,notonly in Germany, but inGaule
contentious humour, but as becomes a man, that | alto. Joſephus and Zongaras both obſerve, that," Ths{e
pretends only to diſcover truth z which I am now | who are now called Gauls, were from Gomer, formerly
doing with fuch a diſintereſted zeal, that even the | named Gomari, Gomerzi, aud Gomeritz, And from
BE—_—_—_ OO OOOO——— Dn
—
——— — | —
— ——_ VT —————— OO
_——
! How far the ſtories concerr.ing Hercules's travels are to be liſten'd ro, and what acc unt is to be given of the ſcver:] nzmes of places that ſeem
to have becn derived trom ſme relation to bim, Mr. Camden has more fully expreſied himfelt in Cornwad, under the title Herculze
Promontori um. » The name of Cimbri ſeems to be the later, and only a contraction from Cimmer:! ; which owes its original to the Gree
name 4 wie and 5/auucecor, whereby they expreſſed the nature of the climate wherein they lived, for that being under the exrreamelt part of
the mountain Taws, the air was clopdy and miſty ; and as to the ſeaſon, there was 2 p<rp<tual kind of winter. , * Alatcr writer is of Opini-
on, our Author hzs not reached the ſeoſe of Joſ: phus. For though (Lys he) Joſeph ages 19 that Gomes wa! the father of the Galatz ; yer it
muſt be under flood of theſe Galaiz, who invaded the Phrygians and poſſeſſed themſelves of their Seats. For by Gomer 15 meant Phrygia (as Bo-
chartus proves) and by Erekiel is placed north of Judaa, mgh to Togarmah. From theſe Gauls Gallogi#cia and Galatia w derpved ; ail which is
tar enough frem being any pars of Gallia, properly jo called. Vide Sam. Brit. p, 11.
theſs
UI aſoer COLE fs 1 A IE
= # . ” *1 eff gadt ry "e
poi
EG tas OLE
by conjecture, than to ofter at any poſitive deter-
Xl
FOI TT #1. KN. x
_ TS _—” ow + _ ———
: .
theſe Gomari or Gomeri of Gaule, I have always been |
of opinion that our Britains had both original and
name ; in which T am confirm'd by the proper and
genuine name of the Britams. For the Welch to
this day call themſelves Kumero, Cymro, and Kumers ;
a Welch woman, Kumeraes; and their language Ku«-
meraes. Neither do they own any other name, al-
though ſome pretender to learning have from thenc?
of late, ' coin*d the new names of Cambri and Cam-
briz. And that very Grammarian, whom Virgil
Lrb.8.c3. laſheth in his "Caraletts and calleth the Britiſh Thucy-
dides, Quintiiian ſaith, was a Cimbrian, And from
whence now Can we imagine thele names ſhould be
derived, but from that antient Gomer, and from thoſe
G:meri, who were ſo near to us in Gaule, the ſeat
doubtleſs of the old Gomerians? The learned are of
opinion, that the Germans iſſued from Aſchenaz, the
Turks from Tigormahb, both Sons of Gomer ,, becauſe
the Jews at this day call the latter Togermath, and the
former Aſchenas. That the Thracians, Tonians, Riphe-
ans, and Moſchi, &c. are the Polterity of Thirax, Fa-
vin, Riphat, and Moſchus, no man queſtions; for the
+tlinity of the names lufhciently proves 1t. Likewiſe,
that Go Ethiopians delcended trom Chus, and the
I'gyptians from AMiſraim, the {ons of Cham, there
is no man but will readily grant; becauſe the two
people are call'd by thele very names in their own
languages. Why then ſhould not we allow that our
Rr:itains, or Cumeri, are the true and genuine poſte-
tity of Gomer and that from him they derive this
name ?2 For the name in it ſeit ſeems very much to
favour this deduction: And 'tis confels'd by all,
that the polterity of Gomer did plant themſelves in
the utmoſt parts of Europe. Which alſo the very
Ph: A \ſ;e
larutt. name of Gomer intimates, a name which he ow*'d
not to mere chance, but to a divine deſignation. For
Fnicsi. 1 G-mer in the Hebrew tongue ligniherth bounding, or
the wtzſt border. And here let no man, with inten-
tion to defame our Cumeri or Cimbri, object what
Sextus Pompeius writeth, * that Thieves in the old
Gallick language were called Cimvri, For aitho? the
Cimbri (ot whom i: t5 likely our Cumers of Britain
vere a party ) in that boiſterous Age of the world,
wherein the Soldier was the only man of honour,
rov'd from theſe parts of Europe, as Poſſidonius tells
us, plundering all along as they went, as far as to
the lake Az; yet the word Cimber ſignifies no
mo:e a 15f, than: Egyp! ian doth a ſuperſtitious per-
| fon; Chaldear, an Aftroioger ; or Sybarite, a nice de-
licace man. Put becauſe thoſe nations had ſuch a ge-
neral propenſity to ſuch or ſuch things, the name of
the nation was applicd to thoſe who agreed with
Uo: Sx. them in that humour. As ro this point, that Oracle
1-5 Perm Foſeph Scaliger COncurs with me in the fame opinion.
f. Butas to Bero/us, let no man wonder that I here make
no uſe of him, from whom our Authors at this day
borrow ſo much afliftance. To declare my mind
(erect once for all, I have no opinion of the authority of
7 that hiſtory, which paſlerh under the name of Be-
r9jus. For I am of the ſame mind with ſeveral of
the molt learned men of the preſent age, as Velater-
rams, Vrves, Antonius Auguſtinus, Melchior Canus, and
clpecially Gaſpar Varrerms, who all of chem eſteem it
nothing elſe but a ridiculous invention of ſome ob-
ſcure lmpoſtor. This Yarrerizs, in his cenſure of Be-
-0/us printed at Rome, hath faid enough in reaſon to
{poil any man's good opinion of that Author.
"This is my judgment concerning the original of
the Britains, or rather my conjecture, For in a
matter of ſo great Ys it 5 eaſter to proceed
mination. Now this account of our deſcent from
(zemer and Gaule, ſeems much more ſubſtantial, more
antient, and better grounded, than that from Brutus
and Trey. Nay, I do not deſpair to prove, that our
guments taken from the name; ſituation, religion,
cuſtoms, and language of both nations. For in all
theſe particulars the moſt antient Britains and the
Gaul: ſeem to have agreed, as if they had becn bur
one people. That I may prove this aſlertion, give
me leave to make a ſmall digreflion. As touching 71 nw:
the Name, becauſe I have ſpoken of it before, thus
much only ſhall be repeated ; That as the antienc
Gauls were called Gomerei, Gomerue, and by contra-
&ion Cimvri; fo likewiſe were our Britains called
Cumer; and Kimbri, Now that the Gauls were called
Gomeri, Joſephus and Zonaras, as | ſaid bctore, do
both witneſs. And that they were alſo called Cimbri,
may be gather*d out of Cicero and Appian. Thoſe
Barbarians, whom Maris: defeated, Cicero plainly
terms Gauls. Caius Marius ( faith he ) put @ check upon De Precy.
the Gauliſh forces, who were pouring into Italy. And all _
Hiſtorians agree, that theſe were the Cimbri ; and
the Coat-armour of Belexs, their King, digged up
at Aix 1n Provence, where Marius routed them,
does evince the ſame. For theſe words, Belcos Cim- peu.
bros, were engraven upon it in-@ ſtrange character. ou of ti
Alſo writers do unanimouſly agree, that thoſe were \y..
Gauls, who under the conduct of Brennus, robb'd x 2
the Temple of Delphi in Greece z and yer that the ſame
were called Chnbri, we learn plainly from Appian in
his Iyricks, The Celta or Gauls, ſaith he, who are called
Cimbri, And now, I think it needlef6 to have re-
courſe to Lucan, who calls that Rutfian, hir*d to kill
Marius, a Cimbrian; whereas Livy and others atticm
him to have been a Gaule: or to Plutarch, by whom
the Cimbri are called Galloſcythians: or to Reinerus
Reineccius, an excellent Hiſtorian, who, grounding
upon Plutarch's words in his Sertorius, is very polt-
tive that the Gauls and Cimbrians us'd the ſame lan-
guage. Nor-will I inſiſt upon that Cimbrian word,
which 1s the only one now extant, by Pliny produ-
ced out of Philemon, to wit, Morimaruſa, i. e. the dead ,, Wk
ſea, which is purely a Britiſh word. For Mor in the 4/a.
Bricith rongue ſignitfieth Sea, and Mar, dead, |
Secing therefore, that theſe Nations agree in their TheSta
moſt antient name, whence can we conceive that
name ſhould paſs over into this Iſland, but alon
with the firſt Planters that came hither out of Gaul:
a country ſeparated from it but by a very narrow
chanel? For the world was not peopled all at the
lame time; but it muſt be granted as a certain truth,
that choſe countries, which lay neareſt to the Moun-
tains of Armenia, ( where the ark refted after the
flood, and from whence mankind was propagated )
were firſt of all inhabited. As for inſtance, the Leſ-
ſer £ifia and Greece, before Italy; Italy before Gaule ;
and Gaule before Britain, On this otcafion we may tra
with fatisfaQtion conſider, how the great Creator, Michacid
when he fram'd the world, contrived fuch a con- —_—
nexion between the parts of the main land, and
plac'd the Iſlands at ſuch convenient diſtances, that
no one is ſo remote, but that it is within a clear
view of ſome other land. To this end probably,
that when countries ſhould come to be overburtheri'd
with _—_— they might ſee where to diſcharge them-
ſelves; till ſo, to the glory of it's Creator, the uni.
verſe in all its parts ſhould be repleniſh'd with peo.
ple. We may therefore reaſonably imagine, that the
antient Gomer; were either puſht on by {2h as preſs'd
forward for room, or ſent abroad, to eaſe an over-
peopled country, or carry'd from home by the natu-
ral itch which mankind hath to ſee foreign countries.
Upon ſome one or other of theſe accounts, thoſe an-
tient Gomeri might probably at firſt croſs over the
chanel into this our Iſland, which lay ſo near
them that they could eaſily diſcern it from the Con-
tinent, Reaſon it ſelf alſo tells us, that every coun-
try muſt have received its firſt Inhabitants; rather
trom neighbouring, than from remote places. Who
4a
Aa -
»SD
Britains are really the offspring of the Gauls, by ar- |
— —
would not judge, that Cyprus had its firlt Inhabitants
_ —_ ———
. See Scaliger's Annotations upon the CataletFs, p. 222.
, was Phrygia, which implies the fape thing. #Soec Plurach, KiuCpes
Cri And in the German tong
me ly only another name for a Ru
thcy c:2me from Germany ; nor only
thing of :he Gauliſh rungue among t
plautcd the mott northern parts of it.
Kempher, Kemper, Kin.ber, and Kamper,
7 This opinion ot peopliag Britain trom Ganle is oppoled by ſome, who are inclina'd rather to chirk
uſe Czſar, relling us the Inland Britains were Aborigines, ſeems to imply that he could not diſcorer any
3 bur alſo Tacitus's inferring from the make of their limbs, and orter circumſtances, that the Germans
—
t Gomer ({ays Sammes) fignihes the ſame ns Kgr2vurn in Greek, and in all likelihood
wrerpuatrot Tepuarct Tic Ancds, i. e. the Germans call Robbers,
ing to diffcrent dials, fignific a warriaur ; which was for-
from
nu
acl 4
£&
-
© ac SS © Yy
B-1:2iNS 1
aw!
dOme CO»
v.cs of Pli-
y have
B11 7%,
* Bri.
a1.
Ae.:2'00,
ww
The firit Inhabitants.
from 4f4, next to it; Crere and Sicz!y from their
neighbour Greece, Corſ5:a from Italy ; and ro come
nearer home, Zealand from Germany, bordering
upon it; or {ſeland from Norway, rather. than from
the remote parts of Tartary or Mauritania? In like
manner, Why ſhould we not think that our Britain
was fir(t of all peopled by the Gauls, which were our
next Neighbours; rather than that the Trojans, Ita-
lians, Alpams, or Brutians, who lye at fuch -a vaſt
diſtance from it, were its firſt Inhabitants. Nor in-
deed do writers fetch the firſt Inhabitants of Britain
from any other place, than from Gaul, its next neigh-
bour. The innermoſt parts of Britain, ſaith Czlar,
are inhabited by thoſe, who, atcording to tradition, are be-
lieved to be Aborigines; the Sea-Coaſts, by ſuch as came
out of Belgium in 07; parpoſe to make new conqueſts ;
and theſe people are ally called by the names of thoſe
cities from whence they came, now they are ſettled im their
new Plantaticns. For there were in Britazn, as wellas in
Gaul, people called Belge, Atrebatis, Pariſi , Ceno-
manni, &c, Tacitus alſo faith, I we conſider all cir-
c:emſt ances, *tes probable that the Gauls firſt peopled Bri-
tain, which lyes ſo near them, Bede too, among all
our writers a moſt con{tant friend to truth, gives this
as his opinion. At firſt, laich he, ths Iſland was in-
habited only by thoſe Britains, (from whom alſo it took its
name ) who Armorica, as "tx ſaid, croſſed over
into Britain, aud there planted themſelves upon the Sou-
rhern Coaſts, The Armorican Tratt he calls the Sea-
coaſts of Gaul, which lye diretly oppoſite to our
Iland. It makes alſo very much to our purpoſe,
that Cxfar relates, how in his time Divitiacus, who
govern'd a great part of Gaul, had Britsin alſo atthe
ſame time under his Dominion. And what is of yet
greater moment, Pliny reckons the Brizamni or Bri-
tains among the maritim people of Gaul, and pla-
ces them right over. againſt our Iſland of Britain,
near the County of Buien: as alſo Dionyſius Afer,
a more antient writer, hath done in theſe verles.
Tis nmu TugdTlIu wer \8 youve views
'Ayx8# emador umadv wor Tr G- "If ipoy
MixC& +7 nmicgo TtTeauwiror, igg Fopere :
Nurs res m3074 poogs, Tram Bye muvoi
Aturg Te pUas vigor m dpopuaricy Tepudvroy.
Near he gone ome on the fartheſt land,
The old Iberians, haughty fouls, command
Along the Continent, where Northern Seas
Row! their vaſt tides, and in cold billows riſe;
Where Briſh nations in long tracts appear,
And fair-skinn'd Germans ever fam'd in war.
cm, — lt.
the my(teries of religion. The youth in great number;
apply themſelves. to ' theſe Druids for education; and all
people have a great reverence for them. Fer generally tm
all controverſies, as well pubiick as private, it is they that
make the determination: And whenever there # any cuct-
rage or murder tommitted, when any ſaites ariſe about
eſtates, or diſputes about bounds, all u left to their judg-
ment, They appoint rewards and puniſhments at their
diſcretion. If any, ether private perſon, or body of peo-
ple, avide not by their decree, they forbid him the Sacri.
fices, Thus among them u eſfttem'd the moſt grievous of
all puniſhments, Thoſe who are thus interditted are reck-
ond the moſt profligate f mankind; all men ſtudiouſly
decline their company and converſation, and ſhun their
1 infettion. They are
of the law, can ſue no man, and
Amongſt all theſe Druids,
there xs one chief, ho bath the ſupream authority. Upon
bus death, his Succeſſor is ſome ont that hath the beſt repute
among ſt them, if there be any ſuch; but if there be ſeve-
ral _ worth and merit, be ſucceeds by the elecFion
Jt ruids, Sometimes the ſword decides, which party
carry it. Theſe Druids, at a ſet time every year,
bave a general aſſembly in the territories of the Carnutes,
that lyes about the midſt of Gaul, in a certain place con-
ſecrated to thas purpoſe. Hither reſert from all parts ſuch
as have any controverſies depending, and are whelly deter-
min'd by the Druids. This ſort of religious profeſſion is
thought to have been firſs in Britain, and from thence
carry'd over into Gaul: And even now, thoſe that
throug bly to be inſtrutted in their myſteries, for the moſt
part travel into Britain. The Druids are exempt from all
military duties ; nor do they pay tribute, like the reſt of the
people. And as they are excuſed from ſerving in the wars,
ſo are they alſo from all other nary nd charges whatſoe-
ver. Theſe great privileges are a cauſe that they bave
many diſciples ;, ſome aildreſs themſelves to be admitted,
others are ſent to them by their parents or kindred, There
they make them ( as it is ſaid ) learn by heart a great
number of verſes; and thus tbey continue under this diſci»
pline for ſeveral years, not being allow*d by their rules to
commit what they are taught to writing ;, although almoſt
in all cther their affairs, both publick and private, they
make uſe of the ' Greek Charatter. Thus rule they have
ſertPd amongſt them, 1 ſuppoſe, for two reaſons. Firſt,
becauſe they would not have the vulgar acquainted
with their myſterious learning; and next, becauſe they
would have la {cholers uſe and exerciſe their memories,
and not truſt to what they have in writing; as we ſee it
ren happen, that when men rely too much upon that help,
For theſe words, ta Bpsmwrei, | where Britains ]
leem to have reſpect to thoſe other, Mix@ in” nngyo.
And Euſtathius, who wrote a Comment upon him,
thinks the Britains in.Gaul to be here meant; o x
Beer yvwy Timwy mgarvuda: a: drimesy Beemervidis vnou
are his words, [ and of theſe Britains the Iſles of Bri-
tain over againſt them took their denomination, | But
Avienus, and Stephazus in his book of Cities, are of
another opinion.
Moreover there was one and the ſame Religion in
both theſe Nations. 4 the Britains, ſaith Taci-
tus, you will find in uſe the Religion of the Gauls, and
the people po eſs'd with the ſame ſuperſtitious perſuaſions.
The Gauls, 1aith Solinus, —_ a deteſtable manner, to
the injury rather than the of Religion, offer'd bu.
man Sacrifices. That the Britains did the very fame,
— others, Dio Caſſms aſſures us in his Nero.
That both Nations had alſo their Druids, appears
lainly by Czfar and Tacitus. Out of the firſt, I
Ihall here inſert an entire place concerning this ſub-
jet. The Druids are preſent at all divine offices, look
after all both publick and private ſacrifices, and interpret
b their diligence in learning, and care in rctaming, do
equally wary, One of the princypal points they r66cd; a,
| hs Immortality and Tranſmigration of Souls. And this
| dodtrine removing the fear of death, they look upon as
moſt proper to excite their courage. They alſo make diſ-
courſes to their Scholars concerning the ſtars and their mo.
tions, concerning the magnitude of the heaven and the
earth, the nature of things, and the power and maj:ſfty of
the immortal Gods. Whereupon Lucan thus addreſſes
himſelf to them ;
Et wos barbaricos ritus moremq; ſiniſtrum
Sacrorum, Druide, poſitis repetiſtis ab arms,
Solis noſſe Deos, & celi ſydera wobis,
Aut ſolis neſcire datum: Nemora alta remotis
Incolitis Incis vobis authoribus umbre .
Non tacitas Erebi ſedes Ditisq; profunds
Pallida regna DR Regit Lay rao artus,
Orbe alio longe, canitis ſi cognita, vita
Mers media eft, Certe populi quos deſpicit Arttos;
Felices errore ſuo, quos ile timorum
Maximus haud urget lethi metus; inde tucnd;
In ferrum mens prona Viris, animeq; capaces
Mortis, & ignavum et rediturz parcere vite.
i
_ _ —_—
—
The Brit ains and Gauls baving the ſame Religion does plainly _
r
{> conſiderable both for
jon and Government, were, as Cxlar ©!
ro intimate that Britain muſt have been peopied b:fore Gaul ; as having by
ves,
—
but if the diſcipline of the Druids
convey'd into Gau!, does it not ſeem
Keme of religion and
an Alliance (as Mr. Camden ;
fiſt ak in Britain, a
mag ExPcrience arrived at a more c ©
government ? Befides, it our I{lind had been peopled trum Gax/, wouid 1t not look probable to ſay _y, mT with them the religiun
ard dilcipline of the place ? t But from henc: we mult not conciude
when he writ to
and fv give intelligence to the Enemy,
hich had been but a poor proj
of the langua
ge. The learned Selden is of opinion that the word Gracs
2u2h for Czlar, in his obſervations of the difference berw.en che managemenc of their diſcipline,
y made uſe of letters, and not in the other, withour ſpecitying any partioulars,
encu
ouct
us Cicero, ( beheg'd art that time ſumew here ame
that they had any knowledge rongue. Nay, Czfar himdelf,
ng the ruiens ) penn'd his Lemter in Greek, leit it ſhould be intercepred, + +
&, it the Druids ( who were the great Miniſters of State ) had been maſters
has crept into the copics, and 1s no part of the original. And ir was natural
inc, and heir other affaivs ; to ſay in genera), char in
1
An Oak in
Welch is
Der w.
ST Rd TE:
XV1
——
And you, O Druids, free from noiſe and arn's
Renew'd your barbarous rites and horrid charms.
What Gods, what Powers in happy manſions dwell
Or only you, or all but you can tell,
To ſecret ſhades and unfrequented groves,
From world and cares your peaceful tribe removes.
Youteach, that Souls, eas*d of their mortal load,
Nor with grim Pluto make their dark abode,
Nor wander in pale troops along the ſilent flood :
But on new regions caſt reſume their reign,
Content to govern earthy frames again.
Thus death is nothing but the midd!e line,
Betwixt what lives will come, and was _—_ been.
Happy the people by your charms poſleſt,
Nor te, _ ; Ailturb their peaceful breaſt.
On certain dangers unconcern'd they run,
And meet with pleaſure what they would not ſhun.
Defic Death's ſighted power, and bravely ſcorn
To ſpare a life that will ſo ſoon return.
By what name ſoever theſe their Prieſts were
known to the Celie, and to the Britains, in their
own tongue; this word Druid ſeems derived troma
Greek original ; to wit, p55, an Oak: not only be-
cauſe they eftcem'd nothing more ſacred than the
Miſjelte of an Oak ; whence Ovid writeth thus,
At wiſtum Druidee, Druide clamare ſolebant,
Run Druids to the. Miſelro, they ſung.
form'd concerning theſe men, you may conſu'r Mela,
Lattantius, Euſebius de Preparatione Ewvangelica,and the
Comedy Aulularia of Pſeudoplauts.
Bards, whoſe office-it was, to ſing to the harp thoſe
ſongs they had made upon the great exploits of
famous men; on which account, the before ciced
Lucan thus ſpeaks to them,
Vos quoque qui fortes animas bellag; por emp? as
Laudtbus in longums wates dimittitis avum,
Plurima ſecuri fud;ſtis carmina Bards.
- And you, old Bards, who made it all your care
To ſing of war, 4nd men renown'd 10 war,
When Peace returning rais'd yaur, joyful tongue,
Secure continu'd your unmortal Scang.
The ſame forr of men have alſo this denomination
| among the modern Britains. For they now call fuch
men Bards, who beflide this their Poetical, fiction,
do alſo addict themſelves particularly- to the ftudy of
Genealogies. Bur there is no accornt. Igft us, whe-
were deſcended :from Dis.
that the Gauls always reckon*d by nights, and fet the
night before the day in their uſual account of ttme.
And in this point it 1s certain, that 6ur Britains agreed
with them : for thar'fpace of time which the Latins
call Seprimana, and two Seprimanas, they term With.
but alſo. becauſe their uſual reſidence was in groves, | #2, 1. e. eight nights, and Pymrhecnoe, 4. c. fifteeh
among(t Oaks; nor did. they perform any of their
ceremonies without ſome of the branches or leaves of |
that Tree. But this theic practice Plimy hath in theſe
Li+.16. wards more particularly deſcrib'd. The Druids ('/o
C: 44.
the Gawls.call their men of Religion) hold nothing more
ſacred than the Millelto, and the tree ou which it grows,
provided it be an Oak. wang od they chooſe ont ſolitary
groves, wherein are no trees but Oaks, nor perform they
any ceremonies without the branches or leaves of that Tree.
So that from thence, (if we regard the Greek ſignification)
they may. ery well be thought to have taken the name of
Druidx. Indeed, whatſoever they find growing to, or
upon an Oak, they take to be ſent from Heaven, and
look upon it as a certain ſign, That their God hath for him.
ſelf made choice of that particular Tree. But it us a thing
very rare to be met witball; and when it xs found they re.
ſort to it with great Devotion, In theſe ceremonies they
principally obſerve that the Moon be juſt ſix days old: For
the Moon us their guids in the computation of thewr months
and years, and of that period or revolution, which with
them rs called an age, 1. e. thirty years compleat. And they
Su; dimi-
k14.
Sarma.
Z
they proceed to kill the beaſts for ſacrifice, and make their
prayers 10 the God, that he would bleſs this bis own gift
to thoſe perſons ro whom they ſhall dif} oy it. They have
a conceit that a decotion of this Miiſelto, given ro any
barren Animal, will certainly make it fruitful : alſo that
it is a moſt ſoveraign antidote againſt all ſorts of poyſen.
So much religion p, eople commonly place in fopperies.
It is farther obſervable, That Diodorus Siculxs calls
theſe ſelf ſame Prieſts of the Gauls, in the ſame ſenſe,
=ecovides, a Word ſignifying Oaks, as all men know
that underſtand the Greek tongue. And Maximus
Tyrius likewiſe writes, That the Celtz or Gauls wor-
ſhip Fupiter, of whom they make the bigbeſ# Oak, faith
he, to be the repreſentation. It may alſo ſeem to pro-
ceed from theſe Druids, that our Saxon Anceſtors,
' (as we read in Altric) calld a Magician in their
nights *.
them was under the rule of'a ſingle perſon, but as
Gaul, fo allo Brita, had many kings. And, as the
Gaub, upon extraordinary emergencies, w'd to call
a publick Council of the who!e nation, ad chooſe
one to be their general Commander; ſo the Britains
did juſt the fame upan the like occaſion; as we may
gone from theſe words of Ceſar, The c (8 command,
ith he, and management of the war was by an unani-
mous conſent committed to * Cafhivellaunus.
much ou to war; both delighted in blood, and
both of equal boldnefs and bravery, either in engage-
ments, or expoſing themſelves to dangers ; as we find
by Strabo, Tacitus, Dion, Herodian,- and others.
In thyr manners, ſaith Strabo, rhe Britains are ſome.
thing like the Gauls; and immediately he adds, as to
their fighting they are fur the moſt part fierce and cruel,
like ſome of the Gau!s, With him Tacitus agrees, The
Britains, that part of them which the Romans have not
yet conquer*d, ſtill remain, 1aith he, juſt ſuch as the Gawls
were formerly. And in another place, The Britains are
next to the Gauls, and much like them, Mela tell us,
That the Britains, when they fought, were armed
after the faſhion of the Ganls.
The Britains, ſays Strabo, in their wars, usd a
great number of chariots, as do ſome of the Gauls,
It was the cuſtom of both nations in the field to
draw up their men diſtin&t, according t$ their Pro-
vinces, that the ſeveral people might have an oppor-
tunity to ſignalize their valour. That this was the
practice of the Gau!s, appears by that place in Czſar,
The Gauls, ſaith he, drawn ap in diſtintt Bodies, accord.
ing to therr ſeveral cities, guarded the fords, Tacitus
afhcms the ſame of che Britains, in the fight of Ca-
ratacus, The troops of the ſeveral Countries ſtood in the
front of their fortifications.
The Ganul:, ſaith Strabo, are of @ quick decile wit,and
readily take any fort of learning. Nor were the Bri-
tains herein interiour; nay, icola, in Tacitus,
prefers their parts and ingenuity before that of the
Gauls, ſo that the ſame Britains, who formerly rejetted
even the Roman language, were now grown ambitious
£/0UENCE.
——
——
* $othe Sixons expreſs'd 20, 30, 40 years, by ſo many Winters. And wer this day retain that o!d way of reckoning by nights in our ſennig be
and fortnight, which are plainly out
of ſeveunight und fowrteennight. And whcr-as Strabo obſerves, that the
and Proſerpina, the infernai Goddeſſes, above any other ; Sir Henry Spelman concludes from thence, that this
ritains worſhipt Ceres
gave occahon to reckoning by mghts
and winters ; and thar the winter particularly was conſecrated ro the infernal Goddeſſes, becauſe they had a fancy, that in this ſeaſon the ſeeds of every
thing did owe their preſervation to their care, Spelman. NS, Iceni, in the Bodlcian Library at Oxford,
T
That
language, Dpy. If you bave a mind to be farther in- 2/7:
ther the Britains.-believ'd, as the Gauls did, that they '
For this 'feafon it was
6”
Ce ———
Among their Religious, the Gauls had alſo their 8-4.
Likewiſe both nations ſeem to have contriv'd one The
AMmMMN.
and the fame form..of government ; for neither of ,u1.;.
® Caſſie:
| linus.
Nor were theſe nations unlike in their manners, -1,;.
cuſtoms, or ways of living. Both -were ftout, and Manner,
—
xVil
[The firſt fr Eremeny
ÞF-2::8.
-becauſe theſe
That the Gauls were a well-meaning and a down-
right honeſt ſort of people, we have Srrabo's autho-
ricy , and the fame 1s implied in Tacitus, concerning
the Britains, in that place, where he tells .us, thar
they chearfully and readily bore the levies both of
Men and money, and all other burthens impoſed up-
on them by the Empire, if they intermix*'d not in-
jurious PraVOCAtIONSs.
C:xfar relates, that the Gauls were much inclined to
alterations in their Government, out of a natural incon-
{tancy and levity. The Britains, in like manner, faith
Tacitus,were divided into ſeveral parties and factions.
By means of this levity of the Gauls, which Czfar
calls by the gentle name of an infirmity ; they atlaſlt
became ſo credulous, that the Credulity of the Gaul:
grew proverbial, and gave occaſion to that of the
Poet,
Et tumidus Galla credulitate fruar.
And be a Gal in fond credulity.
Neither in that refpett have our Britains degenerat-
ed ; for they have an ear ſtill open to every idle ſto-
ſtill
, and (utes LOI ious fear or hope, give cre-
& to any of che ſllicſt Prodiftions the
We read in Strabo, that theGauls would be high-
ly cohcern'd, when they faw any abuſe offer*d to
their relations. That the ſame Sympathy dwells in
our Britains, above what is to be found in any other
nation, is a thing ſo notorious, and ſo commonly ob-
ferved, as that it needs no proof.
The Gauls, as we find in Cafar, according to their
diff init ion from the reſt, either in birth or riches, bad in
proportion ſo many more ſervants and dependants in their
retinue : theſe they calld AmbaQtiz and this was the onl
piece of State amongſt them, Nor do our Briti
Nobility or Gentry, at this day, account any thing
ſo honourable as a great retinue ; from whom ?tis
thought the Engliſh ſearn'd to carry with them ſuch
troaps, of Attendants. In which humor, not long
ſince, they far outwent all other Europeans. |
Caxfar and Strabo do both tell us, that the houſes
of the Britains were ſeated in the midſt of woods,
and in all points like to thoſe of the Gauls.
The Gauls, as Strabo writes, wore chains; of gold
about their necks ; and Bunduica the Britiſh Queen (faith
Xiphilin) wore @ golden chain, with a garment of many
colours, Nor -is that fort of ornament any where
more in uſe in our days, than in this Iſland amongſt
us and our. modern Britains.
That both the Britains and the Gauls wore a ring
upon their middle finger, we learn from Pliny.
The ſame Strabo qbſerveth, That the Gauls took a
price in having haghon Czfar tells us, That the
ritains ware their hair at full length.
It appears, by many Authors, that the Gauls ufed
a certain ſort of Garment, which in their Ianguage
they called-Bracke : that theſe were alſo common to
our Britains; is proved by;this Verſe of Martial,
Ouam peteres Brachs Britons Pauperis. *
Then the coarſe Brache the poor Britains wore.
1 paGover what Silius Italicus writes of the Gauls,
Quintetiam ingenio fluxi, fed prima feroces
V aniloquum Celte genus ac 'mutabile ments.
And” ip Cel:e, changeable and vain,
All fire ar firſt, but ſoon grown cold again.
k
ities are common to moſt nations.
I might here give many more particular inſtances of
the agreement there was berween theſe two
nations ; but I forbear, leſt what I fay ſhould give
occaſion of ſcandal to ſome ill.natur'd men. Beſides,
I always lik'd that rule, Moderation is gocd in every ?
thing ; and perhaps alſo this argument from commu-
nity of manners will not appear very cogent to ſome
ſort of men. -
But now we come to the * Language, a particular,
upon which lyeth the main ſtreſs of this eontroverſie,
as being the ſureſt evidence of the original of a nation.
For there is no man, I ſuppoſe, but will readily al.
low, that thoſe People which ſpeak the ſame Lan-
guage, muſt neceflarily be derived from one com-
mon original. As tor inſtance, ſuppoſe all our Hi-
{tories that ever were written had chanced to beloſt,
or, —_— no Author had ever told us, that we
Engliſh are deſcended from the Germans, the natural
Scors from the Iriſh, the Britains of Bretagne in
France, from our Britains of this Iſland ; yet the
great affinity of la e, would alone manifeſtly
prove 1t : nay, would be of much more weight than
the authority of the beſt Hiſtorians. If therefore I
can here make it out, ? that the ancient Gauls and
our Britains ſpeak the ſame language ; the conſe-
quence is fo clear, that all men will be forced to al-
low,that they muſt have certainly had one and the ſelf
lame original. Nor is it of any concern in this caſe,
wh m_ hath written, that o_ Gauls themſelves
e divers languages ; ſince Strabo tells us, that r
differed from one another only in Dialect. They w/
not all of them, ſaith he, uſe a language every way the
ſame, in ſome (mall matters wary'd from one a-
nother. * But that the | e of the ancient Gauls,
was the fame with that of the Britains (making an
allowance for ſome ſmall variety in the Diale&) we
may reaſonably infer from that place in Czlar,where
he writes, that ic was uſual for the Gauls, who would
be throughly inſtructed in the Diſcipline of the Druids,
to go over into Britain to our Druids, to learn it.
Now ſeeing the Druids had no Books, of neceflity we
muſt conclude, that their inftructions were given in"
the ſame language which was uſed by the Gauls; But
this Cornelius Tacitus expreſly affirms, The Britains
and Gauls, faith he, differ not much in their ſpeech. Up-
on theſe reaſons, Beatus .Rhenanus, Geſner, Hottoman,
Peter Damel, Picardus, and all others whohave ſearch-
ed into the depths of Antiquity, concur with me in
this opinion. Except only ſome few, who are very
earneſt to have it believed, that the Gauls ſpoke the
German language. But now, leſt any man ſhould tn ea
throw duſt in our eyes, that Truth may not be ſeen, worts 1
I will here inſert a colle&tion I have made our of Au- 24 oe
thors of ancient Gallick words, as many at leaft as I tiſh Lexi-
could meet with. For the main body of that lan. 22, *
hath been long ſince ſhipwrackt in the ſea of Salinwy,
oblivion. And here it will ſoon be ſeen, that very 324 *n>
many of thern, without any the leaſt ſtraining,
with much eale, and ſcarce any alteration, agree ve-
ER with our Britiſh words, both in found and
( ot
That Divona in the Gauliſh tongue, ſignifies the Divona;
Gods Fountain, we have Auſonius's Authority in that
Verſe of. his concerning a Fountain at Bourdeaux,
Divona Celtarum lingua fons adqjite Drvis,
Divena fountain of he Gas in Gaul,
Now our Britains call God * Dyw, and a fountair
Vonan, of which two words Diz'mman 15 a compound,
contriv'd according to the Latin idiom tor verſe-ſake
into Divoena.
We find in ſeveral Authors, that Jupiter, whom
from Thunder the Greeks call'd Bearni&, and the
Latins Tonans, i. e. The Thunderer, was worſhip'd by
the Gauls under the name of * Taraniss Now Taran Tyraxic;
in Britiſh ſignifies Thunder ; and ſuitable to this
—_R
Langu2gy
—_——
fue in the fame fence ; for that wou'd fignifie Der fontes,
ind a:c |
his Taren, i. c. Thunderer. The charge 5 t
why may it not as well be faid thar be eſpouſed thar
on whereof ſec in Cheſhire) wh ich gives Jupier the ticle of Tanaris,
inſtead of Tarenus, is a flip
ar ”
one end the ſame people, but were eaten by foreigners, who traded to both Conntr1es.
eaſie enough, cſ{p<cially to ſtrangers, whom we =_ imagine not fo well acquainted with the language.
a fair compa-
1, that thoſe words in whizh the ancient britains and Gauls did
s Roa T7 4:4 1
—
Heſs.
Teut a7e7.
Tuclday.
Lb. 1.
Line.
Geſſate.
Ge/ſi.
Geſumy
Catcrua.
Catcia.
ſenſe, the Germans may be conceived to have given |
to Jupiter the name of Thonder, For Thurſday they |
call Thordderdach, which is as much as to fay, The
Thunderers day.
The Gauls had another God,called by T ucan, * He-
ſus, by Lattantius, © Hens. the Author ot the Quero.
lus termed him the Barking Anubrs, becauſe he was
pictur*d in the ſhape of a Dog. Now *© Huad with
our modern Britains ſignifies a Dog. :
It is very certain, that the Gauls worſhiped Mer-
wry,under the name of Teutates,as the Inventer of Arts,
and Guide to Travellers. And © Duw-Taih in the
Britiſh, imports as much, as The God of Fonrneys, Nor
am I iznorant, that Mercury, by Plato in his Phe-
drus and Philebus, is calied Theur. Though I know
ſome will have Textates to be the German 7uiſco, men-
tioned in Tacitus, and the ſame with Afars; and
that from him, we, who are deſcended from the Ger-
mans, do call Mars's day, Tueſday. Concerning
theſe three Gods of the Gauls, take, if you pleale,
theſe three Verſes of Lucan. |
Et quibus immitts placatur ſanguine diro
Teatates, horren/que ferts altarivus Heſus
Et Taranis Scythice non mittior aro Diane.
And thoſe vile wretches that with human blood
Tentate*s and fierce Hefus's altars load,
And barbarous Taranes his ſhrine that vies
With curlt Diana's Scythian cruelties.
We learn from ©t. Auſtin and Ifidore, that theſe fowl
Spirits, commonly cailed Incub;, were termed by the
Gauls D#{iz, becauſe they daily and continually pra-
Ctiſe their uncleanneſs. Now that which is Conrmu-
al and daily, the Britains ſtill do cxprels by the
word Dyth.
Pomponius Mela writeth, That a fort of Religi-
ous Women, devoted to the ſervice of a certain Dei-
ey in Gaul, under a Vow of perpetual Virginity, were
by them called Ser. I would rather read it * Lene,
it I could fafely do it. For thoſe Religious Virgins,
whom we now adays call Nuns, the Britains, as we
find in an ancient Gloſlary, called * Leanes, from
whence came originally that name of Lean-min#ter,
now Lemſter, a very ancient Nunnery among the
Britains,
The Gauls, faith Polybius, called their mercena-
ry ſoldjers in their own language, Ge/f/ate. And the
Britains at this day call their hired Servants * Gueſſin,
Servius tells us, that valiant men were by the
Gauls called Geſ/#z and * Guaſſdewr among the Bri-
tains ſignificth a ſtout and valiant man.
Hither alſo may be referred Ge/um, which was a
weapon proper to the Gauls,- as P:/um was to the Ro-
mans, and Frames to the Germans. But of this by
and by.
As Phalanx was the proper Name of a Legion a-
mong the Macedonians, fo was Caterva among the
Gauls, as you may ſee in Vegetius. Nor is this word
- yet out of date among our Britains, who term a
Troop ' Caturfa, and war, they call Kad, and that
warlike ſtrength that lies in a Legion, Kaderze. It is
read too Caterna in ſome Copies of Vegetius.
To this Kad may not improperly be referr*d Cateia
alſo, which was a fort of warlike weapon among the
Gauls, as you have it in Iſidore.
* Geſſaza Gauliſh weapon, Servius interprets a Spear
or Pike, to which the Britiſh * Cerhilou ſeems to be a-
kin ; and that (according to Ninnius's expoſition) ſig-
nifies ſtakes burnt at the ends, as alſo, « warlike ſeed
or peneration,
Pauſanias tells us, that the Gauls whom Brennus
led into Greece, call'd that fort of horſe-fight, which
conſiſts of three Horſes | a breaſt ] i rh:5y own coun-
Brirtſh word. For Tr: with them, ſignifiesthree, and
March, a horſe.
cal'd their own Country Shields, Thireos, which to
this day the Britains call Tarias,
Czſar tells us in his Ephemerides or Journal, as
we have it from Servius, that once being in Gaule ta.
ken by the enemy, and carry'd m_y on horſeback
in his armor, they were met by a Gaul that knew
the Gauliſh lauguage was as much as to fay, Let go
Ceſar. Now * Geduch among the Britains is a word
of the ſame importance.
word of the ſame ſignifcation as Carnca (i. e, a Cha-
riot) among the Latins. This word is not now to
be found in the Britiſh Tongue ;, but it is apparent,
that it hath been a Britiſh word, by theſe words at
this day us'd 3 Rhediad (a courle) ' Rhedec ( to my
and Redecfa (a race.) Now that all theſe words
came originally from Rheda is beyond diſpute Nor
name of a City among the Salaſſi, from the ſame o.
riginal, ſince Pliny faith it took its name from Horſe-
Famers.
much us'd in both nations, both call'd by one name,
Covmns, and the driver of it Covinarim. And tho'
both this word is loſt, and that ſort of Chariot too,
yet the Primitive thereof, if I may ſo ſay, remains
{till amongſt our Britains 3 in whoſe language, the
word Kowain ſignifies ' to carry ina Wagon.
Eſſedum was alſo a Gauliſh Wagon
Chant fitted for the wars, which Propertius as well a
Czfar attributes to the 'Britains ;
Eſſedacelatu ſiſte Britanna jugs.
And itop the Briziſh Chariots with engraven yokes.
to which Auguſtus Czfar not only vow?d, but actu-
ally built a Temple in Gaul. Now Phavorinus, a
Gaul by birth, declareth in Apellius that word to be
of a Gallic ofiginal. Our Gaz!s, ſaith he, call by the
name of Circius, that wind, which blows ' their
ſo named I ſuppoſe, from its bluſtering and whirling.
It 15 certain, that this particular wind is more raging
and violent, than any other. Now that Cyrch a-
mongſt our modern Britains ſignifies force-and wio-
lence, ' plainly appears by the Welch Litany.
From Livy
Czfar call'd Summe Alpes, as overtopping the reſt,
cook that name not from Annibal Pexs [i.e.the Car-
thaginian ] but from the very higheſt Mountains there-
abouts, the top whereof was conſecrated, and had
the name of Perminus given to it by the Mountaineers
of Gaul. Now the / tops of Mountains are called Per
by our Britains at this day ; as for inſtance, ' Per-
row'd their names from this word ; and fo hath alſo
the Appemnine in Italy. *
Czar tells us, were by the Gauls nam*d Aremorics ;
with whom our modern Britains agree, in applying
* Hlizzus and Haz in the Syrian language is frong and powerful in war. Sarams's Brit. p. 61.
y Lactantius with the known name of Bacchus and Hues, worſhiped in theſe parte.
pu? the ſame with H-ſr2, but rather, that he is coafounded
Se p. 62,
diffeience might potlibly be berween the Gauliſh and B\ iriſh.
that and Duſt, ſeems to be roo much torc'd,
4 Huad in Britiſh is now obſolcer ; but Bathuad (which is a Compound of it, is their common word
Bazg; i, to bait ; and huad, a dog. The Engliſh uſe (tr) where the Germans have (5) as, toot, fus ; white, wers ; water, waſſer,
5. 7 e ty Togo ” _ oy_ writing. f
e This reading cannot be allowed ; for b:{ides thar, Mela ex lays Sene : He alſo tel
were called by the Gauls Cenz ; now the pronunciation of (s) and (c) is fo near, that it nakes no difter PETTY 2 OP
« Hews, Mr. Samms thinks ought not to be
for a. hound ; viz. from
Ge. and the ſame
It is dydþ ; but the relation berween
ence. + Lheian in Britiſh is g Nor.
But (+) and (th) are bbilating Lerters; { that Sene and Lhetau may ms have had the fame original, though thgir initials be diffe-
1 Servanc.
rent. ' Gwas, a S:rvant ; Gweſm 2 petty Servant.
k Gndſdewr
gnifies a ſtout { Catyrvs or Katerva, at this
day denotes in Britiſh an znfiute number : but tormerly 'tis probable it figniticd a vaſt army, for Kid does nor imply war in general, bur a ſet bat-
'd
tle; and Kadarr js (trong.
tirm his opiryon, fee were in Vollius de Vitiis Serm. lib. 1. c. 2. and 3.
liſh Ges, we muſt ſuppoſe it a compound from Kerh, a word that
fields to the barn.
there is no reaſon. = And aifo Promontorics.
£927, which fgaifics a windy Prommtory. :
4
» Concerning G:/[s, Rheda, Covines, Eſſedum, Catera, Brachz, Petorirem, words alledg
* This is long fince obſolete, Bur if ir ever was the ſame with the Gau-
ſh Ges, we might {ignific a Dart or Spear, ang Ulw, hot embers.
nihes in Bi itiſh, Cxſacem dimittite : as Keawch [or Cedwch)] Gaiſar, cuſtodite
Mr. Camden tocon-
—_—— ; * Gadwch Gaiſar, hg-
Rhedeg in Britiſh. ! To carry corn from
” And fo Kyrch-wynt would fgnihe a vislent wind ; but why cre alone ſhould fignifie that icular piece iolencse,
/ The true writing is Pen wiaen many. | mk 1 , i
* Which is a corruption from Pen y
the
| try language, Trimarcia, For an borſe, faith he, 4s Trimar.
among the Gaul; called Marca. Now this is abſolutely a ©*-
In the ſame Book Pauſanias writeth, that the Gauls Tires.
him, who inſultingly cry'd out Cetos Ceſar, which in Cetor,
Rheda among the Gauls, faith Quintilian, is a R#caa.
ſhould I think it an abſurdity to deduce Eporedia, the Epwridis.
There was alſo another ſort of Chariot, that was Covinzs.
, or rather as £/-«wm.
Circius is a wind, by that name very well known, circiw,
own coaſt, und which is the fierceſt in all thoſe parts ;
we learn alſo, that the Pernine Alpby Pennine®:
mon-maur, Pen, Pendle, Pencoh-cloud, and * Penni- Appen-
gent, the higheſt mountains amongſt us, have all bor-
The Cities of Gaul, which bordered upon the ſea, 4-mrics
ws Ak .. os. Sc.
C
Þn
lum,
L—_——
xXX1
= "The frft I nhabitants; =
YT $008 S——_— — —_—_—
hn md
XX1l
the fame word exadtly to the ſame fenſs, For Ar- |
mor with them ſignifies By the ſea, Or Upon the Seg.
And in the very notion Strabo calls them in
© Rain of the Emperar Diodlefan, the Þ
In the Reign of the Emperar Dioclefian, the Pea-
becb6264 {nts in Gaul raiſed a rebellion, and impoſed ypon
their party the name of ® Baucade. Now Swine-
herds and Ruſticks are called . Beickiad by the Bri-
tains.
The Thieves of their own Country, the Gauls,
faith Sidonius, called by the name of Yarge. Now
Amongſt the wooden inſtruments, the Camerium of
the Latins, (the ſame which we in Engliſh call a
Leaver,) the Gauls, faith Iiidore, call'd Guia , and Gum 8.
itis now call'd «Geif in Welch.
Betulla, Pliny faith, was a Gauliſh tree ; we call it Betw:'s.
Birch, Hg would fay it were a Britiſh tree too, it
he were now alive: for is grows very plentifully in
Britain ; and is called in Welch Bedw.
Wine diluted with water, Athenzus ſaith, the
Gauls called Dercema z and Dwr fignitics wgter AMONL Do;oms
our Britains. —_
Scholiaſt upon agck, -_ co fo called, be-
cauſe Brogz the G En es a Country, and=« Al.
la, another ;, as thither from ſome
other comme; Now Bro in Welch ſignifies a Coun.
try, and * Allan
| without or extraneous ; fo that thc
Erymology i jlt the lame in both languages.
ss, faith Pliny, ax herb {ite Plantain, called by
Glen. 1}. Ganls Glaſtum, with which many writers ſay the
Britains us'd to paint themſelves. This is that herb,
was, Which we now call Woad, It maketh a blew or sky
colour, which colour is called Glas by the Welch to
| this day. This herb, according to Pliny, was by the
lus. Greeks called I{atis; and the Dyers termed it Vitrum,
The Herd 2s we learn from Oribaſius. Out of whom Pompo»
Lutewnin nNius Mela may eaſily be corrected, oy vitro
Criar. inſtead of tro, in that place, where faith, Britan-
_ =, Kc. wltro corpora infett;, that 1s, # is uncertain whe.
c& ther it were for ornament, or ſome other end, that the
Britain: djed their bodies with Vitrum or Woad.
The Gallathe, [or Galatian: in Aſia Minar] who
ſpake the ſame language with our antient Gauls, had,
as we learn from St. Fercme, a little ſhrub, which
call'd Coccus, with which they made a deep red
or ſcarlet colour; and that very colour is at this day
called Coch in the Briaſh language.
That the Brache was 2 fort of habit common to the
Gauls and Britains, we have ſhewn before. Diodo-
rus Siculus deſcribes theſe Brache as a fort of a coarſe
PE garment. Now foul tatter'd cloaths
are by the preſent Britains called * Bratz.
If Laine was an old Gauliſh word, as is hinted in
that place of Strabo, where he lays, The Gauls weave
themſelves thick coats of coarſe wool, which they call Lai-
nz; the Britains have not gone very far jrom that
word, who now call wooll by the name of cGlawy.
Feſtus Pompeius tells us, that Jens in the lan: |
c of the Gauls, ſignificth a Singer. Now that
Sd is abſolutely eBay
zwin We learn out of Martial and others, that Bar-
cul. decucullus was a fort of garment worn by the Gauliſh
Bards: now as * Bard, 7 the other part of that word
remains entire the modern Britains, who cali
= "Gi Phi Ideth a peculiar ſort of
Gaul, lai ny, ye! a jar ſort of corn,
which the natrues o | "GAR we Sandalum, a very
fine ſort of grain, Among the Britains likewiſe, a ſort
of grain, which yeilds a pure white flower, is called
8 Guineth Vranc, and with us in Norfolk Brake.
The Herb, which the Greeks from its five leaves
call Pentaphylion, was by the Gauls called Pexpedula,
as we find in Apuleizs. Now *Pymp in the Britiſh ſig-
nifies frve, and Deilen, a Leaf.
As Pymp for five, fo Petcr was the word among the
Gauls for fewr, as we learn out of Feſtus, who will
therefore have Petoritum,a Gauliſh chariot or waggon,
to be ſo nar'd from its fawr wheels. Now the word
Cote:
Þ «cl.
Lana.
Bargue.
Þ ace.
: ped:
Foge,
" I have obſerved in the Gloſſary of the Church of
Llandaffe, that Thieves werg formerly called 2 Veriad
in the Briciſh : .
Abirages, _ Th© #, faith that antient and excellent
In like manner, (not to trouble you with too ma-
ny inſtances )) Fearne, according to Dioſcorides, was
called Ratis by the antient Gauls; and is now by the Rar.
Britains called Redin. The Elder. tree was called Sco.
vies by the Gauls; and now by the Britains, " 1caw,
Serratulz in Latin, in Gayliſh Veronica, js now * by Fetquice,
the Britains, aud by us alſo, calfed Perony. That
which in Pliny the Latins call'd 7-4 7-25, 1. e. the
fatneſs of the earth, and the Gayls 4-74, is by Our Marga,
Britains ca!l'd Marle, That whichthe Latin: call cam.
dida Marga, white Marle, ang the Gauls Gl/:.:::27g4,
might probably be call'd Gluyſmarle by the Britains: 6!iſce-
for Gluys in Welch is as much as bright or ſhining, —"__
Tripetia, a word in Sulpitius Severys, $i to be uſed 7riperia,
by the Gauls for a three-footed ſtopl, is by the Bri-
tains termed / Triber, The meaſure of 1co foot, the
Gauls, according to C/umella, call'd Cundetum ; in Cande.
Britiſh jt is 7 Camtroed, We read in Suetonius, that ***
the bill or beak of a bird was by the Gauls led
Beceo ; the ſame is called ” Pic by the Britains.
Neither ſhould I be fo wild in my fancy, nor fo
extravagant as Goropius, it I ſhould derive Sueto-
nius's Galba, which lignifies one over-far, from the Gals
Brjciſh word Gallus, denoting One of « wery big fie. © ©
Or Verrius Flaccys's Bulga for a /cathern Budget, trom Bulge.
the Britiſh word * Butſiet; or Seldurizin Cxlar ( which g,,
in him, were ſuch as had vow'd to live and dye t0- = 2M
gether ) from * Sowdiwr ; or Pliny's Planarat, for 2 Sha
Plow, from *Arar, which in Britiſh ſignifies the ſame
thing ; or Iidore's Taxea, for Lard, from the Britifh Taxes.
Tew; or Diodorus Siculus's Zithum, from their © Cj. wy
der ; or Cerviſia, | beer | from Keirch, ji. e. Oats, Co ;
whereof the Welch in many places make beer ; or c- 4s,
rather from * Cwrwf, which we in Engliſh call Ale. ”
That all theſe words properly belong'd to the an:
tient Gauls, appears by the Authors we have cited;
and you fee, that as they agree in ſound with our
Britiſh words, fo they do as tully alſo in their ſignifti-
cation.
Another thing let me here add, that ſince the an» Tre enas
tient names of places in both kingdoms had the ſame of the
terminations, to wit, Dunum, Briva, Ritum, Durum, platen
Magus, &c. it may be inferrd that thoſe Nations
copld not be altogether different. For this may be
uſed as a convincing evidence that we Engliſh are de-
ſcended from the Germans, becauſe the modern
names of our Towns do end in Burrow, Berry, Ham,
Sted, Ford, Thory, and Wich; all which do plainly
anſwer and exactly correſpond with the German ter-
minations of Burg, Berg, Heim, Stadt, Furdt, Dorpe,
Wit,
Moreover, fo rational att account may be given
of ſome Gauliſh words, our of our Briciſh language,
anſwering exactly to the nature and property of the
things ſo nam'd, that of neceflicy we muſt conclude,
either thoſe to have been names impos'd by the Bri-
tains, or elſe that the Britains ſpake the Gauliſh lane
guage. An inſtance or two to this purpoſe may be
ufficient.
A third part of Gawl, faith Cfar, is inhabited by theſe
Scovies,
Beceo.
Pedwar fignifies fowr among the Britains. *
—_—
who in their own tongue are called Celtz, in ours Galli ; ccttg,
LA « —_—
—_—
w They are called by dificrent Authors Bagaud-c, Vacs
S$« ine-heards, bur of - b=. of the beter fort roo, who being
no more than the be{owing of Oxen ; nor does it app-ar thar it ever expreſſed s Neatherd.
Vacaude, Bacaude ; nor (23 Salvianus witneſſeth) did they conſiſt wholly of Country people ar
ntolerably opprels'd by the Romans, were forced t2
take Arms.5ec Sammes' Brit, p. 64.
» Theie is no werd in Britiſh beginning
le ſignifies
wh V conſonant, but inſtead of that they make uſe of Gw. However, were there any ſuch 2s Gweriad or Feria, wt ſeems roo remote trom args.
with
z Alia ( fays Sammes ) docs nor fignif
2 Ah in compolition hgnifies ano:
tian; and from thence by our North country-men Brazs.
their ve; {es, &;. ſee Drajton's Polyolb,
cullus. £ Gwenith Ffrank in Britiſh ; but "113 a m6
Gauliſh Braxce, + arl in Biitiſh is quizgue folig. «
thougi: the modern Author-, uually writirg f tor v, ſpell it gwrf.
« Betons is no Britiſh word, bur expreſs'd ty Cribew St. Fra.
any fuch word. ot Bot 1
provabiy pme Engliſh; for the Britiſh always ule a;/wr in that {enie.
s Cr51/14 and the Welch Kar3vV, ae no doubr of th- fame gr iginal.
« And
ifie another in French, but ogly in Greek ; and the Britiſh bro comes from the Phen
her, as alhtudh extrancus. Alhtyroich in old Britifh mighc alſo tignific the Inhabitants of the rhount ain.
c Gwhan in Bri-1ſh is woo!. ,
. C7. as Sc)den thcre quorrs it trom Dr. Powel, as allo p. 97.
- ";;5 a modern werd, and Lougs French. wheat, fo that we muſt not tarcic it to have any relation to che
whic
{ In the Piural Badwen ; but this looks ſumething forc's.
p Trybedb,
et Bedget has nething t Bri:ſh : Bol indeed in that Janguage
ician 6aro, in the ſame ſenſe.
b Prat-
4 Concerning the msnner of their inging, quanrirics of
£ Barah in Prinſh, I'ates. f Cochol, cu-
P
k Gpyn 15 the treer pant,
m Rhedyn. n1ſcaw.
4s Kant-irged, 7 Pig. F[The preſent Britiſh know cothing of
's 2 b:{y, which may fuir that fancy well cnough. « Sowaer is
2Tew, sfat, =% wider is not Britiſh.
by
h makes the relation greater} Rhod is r97s.
* Araar in Bruſh is 2 plongh.
©& 24
RR;
I OT os ace.
: y no
_
; wm u - + wg vehes +< 4 a
Mn _- : 0% chum:
vx 27 VERT GOAT WE ro a >
« A
xiii x17
Xx1V
_— — — —
— ——-
—
CE eo Ir ED IE ——_
by the Greeks Gallathz. But whence theſe people were|
called Crirz, and Gallathe, the moſt learned among
the French conld never tell us. I wiſh they would
conſider, whether this may not be deduc'd from the
Britiſh word *Gualt, which to this day ſignifies the
hair of the head in the Welch tongue, as Gualtoc
doth Comata, i. e. long-haired: from whence the
names of Cel:tica, and Gallathz, and Galli, may all ve-
ry well ſeem to have been derived, only a little mol-
lified by ſome difference in the pronunciation. Now
that the Celte were called Comari, from their large
heads of hair, which they wore always at its full
length, is univerſally acknowleged by the Learned:
1:55 4 and as for the Letters C, K, Q , and G, whether in
prenanays POWEer Or ſound, there is but little difference among
——*” them.
Gr», That the noble River of Garome in France runs
04-2. with a mighty forcible, and as it were with a rough
current, is a thing very well known : From whence
the Poets have given it the epithets of the frong, the
ſea-like, the rapzd Garonne. All which the Britiſh
word © G.rry doth fully import.
Ca», The river eArar, or $amme, moves fo incredibly
— —— —— ——— —— —
$4044 flow, that you cannot tell by the eye, which way it
has its courſe. Hence by the Poets it is called the /{ow,
and the /i!! Arar. Now Ara with the Britains !1gn1-
fies ({/-v and /?ill.
xi day, Rhodanur, the Rhoſhe, which receives the Arar,
£49,%q% Tons With a very ſwift and violent current; and 1s
therefore term'd haſty, ſwift, and precipitant. "The
word ſounds not much unlike Rhedc, which ſignifies
c2lerity in running.
Strabo and others tell us, that the Mountains Ge-
G me. bemne | now called the Cetennes ] run along in one
Mms"5 continued ridge through a great part of Gaul. But
1, that 4 Kevin lignities the ridge of an hill amongſt our
Cerom. Pritains, appears by the Britiſh Lexicon. There is
alſo ncar Ocreley in Yorkſhire, a long ridge ot hills
which I have ſeen, at this day called the Kevin by the
p-op'e of thoſe parts. .
Whereas ſtones were in old time erected in Gaul
by the Road-ſidz, at the juſt diſtance of every fifteen
hundred paces; and ſince the French Leuca or League
containeth, as Fornandes obſerves, jult the ſame num-
ber, and « Leach in the Britiſh ſignifies a Stone; 1
would deſire the learned among the French to conſi-
der wherher their word Leucz be not derived from
thonce-
nNerctotore callcd N.rbonenſts, where Hercules and Al-
bron fought (if we believe the old Fable,) on all
tides for many miles together, the ſtones lye ſo thick,
that one would almott think it had rain'd ſtones
there. - From whence it is by writers called the Sre-
7 Spare, and the Stony Fi:ll. The French at this
day call it I» Craux; and yet they know not the rea-
{on of that name. Now in Britiſh ſtones are called
3 Cratr.
That people which in old time inhabited the Sea-
coalt of Gaul, lying neareſt to Britain, were 1n their
own language called Morini. Now Mor 1s in Britiſh
;be Sea, trom whence that word ſeems to have been
derived, For the Britains call Morinwyr, ſuch as live
upon the Sea-coaſt ; as Aremorica of old, in the Gaul-
ith rongue, and now in the Britiſh, ſignifies by the
Sea-ſcac,
; So Areate, a famous city of Gaul, which is ſeated
#.:. in a marſhy and watry ſoile, may ſeem to have ta-
ken that name purely from its ſituation: For Ar in
Britiſh fignities, upon, and Leith, moiſture.
rr... Unxelledunum, | now Cadenac |] faith Czfar, is a
-". Town having on all ſides a rocky acceſs, and ſituate
on the top of a high hill. Now £ Uchet in Britiſh is
Pr. as much as lofty, and Danum among the antient
Gauls ſiznified an high ground,or an hill,as Plutarch in
| his book of Rzvers tells us out of Clitiphon 5; and the
{m2 word was alſo uſed in that ſenſe by the antient
&vy Near the Sea-fide, in that part of France which was
[
{
As $7: '
And if you ask our preſent Britains what they call
Cythara, 1. &. an harp, in their language, they will ee!
you, * Telen,
Again, (to put this matter paſt all farther diſpute )
it is very evident, that though the modern Frenc!
language is come from, and made up for the moſt
part of the Latin and the German, yet neverthele!;
there ſtill remain in it a great many old Gaulith
words. AndI have had it from ſome who are skiiful
in both languages, that very many of choſe French
words, which can be reduced neither to the Latin,
nor to the German original (and therefore may be
preſumed to be remains of the old Gauliſh language )
do come as near to the Bririſh as *tis poflible. For
example. The French at this day uſe the word Gue.
rir, the Britains Gaerff, to heal. The French uſe Guaine,
the Britains Gain, for a Sheath. The French De.
rechef, the Britains Derchefu, for Moreover. The
French Camur, the Britains Cam, for Crooked. The
French Bateau, the Britains Bad, for a Boat. The
French Gourmond for a Glutron, the Britains Germod,
for too much, or beyond meaſure. The French Ba-
/ton, the Britains Paſtwn, for a Staff, The French
Accabler, the Britains Ca#/u, for to oppreſs. The
French Havre, the Britains Aber, for an 99 And
Comb is yer in uſe with both nations for a Valley.
Many more words there are of this ſort, by the re-
cital whereof I might perhaps tire and diſguſt my
Reader; tho? they are of very great uſe in this point.
Now, whereas Tacitus tells us, that the ȣ/;, a
people of Germany, uſed the habits and cuſtoms of
che Suevians, but a language that came nearer to the
Britiſh ; it makes nothing againſt my aflertion. For
thoſe languages, that are molt of all remote, do yer
agree in ſome particulars, "Thus Argerizs Busbequins,
late Embaſlador from the Emperor to the Grand-
Signior, has obſerved many German and Engliſh
words in the Taurica Cherſoneſſrs.
From all theſe inſtances, this concluſion may be
juſtly drawn; That the antient Gauls and Britains
did certainly ſpeak the ſame language. And from
thence alſo we may infer this other neceſſary conſe-
uence, That the original of che Britains is oo be re-
erred to the Gauls. For it is not to be denied, what
we have before obſerved, that Gaul, as being nearer
to Armenia, muſt needs in courſe have been peopled
before Britain. Beſides, ( as Strabo tells us) as Gaul
abounded in corn, fo did it much more in men. Ir
is therefore altogether reaſonable to 1magine, that
ſince the Gauls fent Colonies into lraly, $ ain, Ger-
many, Thrace, and Aſia; they did the = nach
rather into Britain, a country that lay ſo much nearer
them, and as plentiful as any of them all. Now it
muſt needs redound much to the glory of the Britiſh
nation, that they drew their original from thoſe an-
tient Gavls, who were ſo famous for their military at-
chievements ; and with whom the Romans for many
wy maintain'd a war, not for honour and Empire,
ut purely for ſelf-prefervation. And theſe Gauls they
were, who, to uſe the Poet's words rather than my
own,
Foilt 4
—— L_—
— — per omnen
Invecti Europam, quaſt grando Aquilone wel Auf ro
Importata, gravi paſſum ſoxuere tumultu :
Scit Romanus adhbuc, & quam Tarpeia videts
Arx attollentem caput illo in monte ſuperbum,
P annones /Emathii norunt, ſcit Delphica rupcs.
On Europe's ſpacious tracts, like winter's hail
Urg'd by the North, or furious South, they fell
With furious noiſe ; as yet the Roman ſtate
Feels the ſad blow, and mourns her turn of fate.
Too well Tarpeiantowers their force have known,
And Delphick Rocks; and Plains of Macedsn.
And a little after,
Intravere Aſie fines : prope littora Ponti
Britains, In gentem crevere novam, que teuditur uſq;
thai, Pliny placeth the Promontory Cythariſtes in Gaul, | Ad juga Pampbilum, Garamantica ſydera contra
ftes. near Mar/cilles, where the rown of Tolon now ſtands. | Inter Cappadoces peſita, & Bythinica regna.
Cs A k;
b Gwalh;, «©Grw or Gwwv, is rough, and Arar, gemtle. 4d The Britiſh call mounrains Kewn, and in the Plural Number K-wres, thit is,
backs. « Lhech. F S:ones are calied Kerrg; but Krarg is 2 rock ; trom wheace in our Northern parts we ſtill call them Gregs.
very often us'4 in compound names of places + Telyn 152 barp.
£ This is
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XXV
- withal he obſerves, that the French at this day call
The ſeveral Names.
—_
XXVI
O're running 4fia's bounds,their barbarous power
Fix*'d a new kingdom near the Pontick ſhore,
Between Bytbinia and Cappadocien lands
Far as Pamphiliancliffs and Garamantick ſtrands.
Nor ought we here to omit the arguments brought
by others to prove,that theBricains are deſcended from
the Gauls. George Bac, a man eminent both for his
extraction and learning, obſerves out of Mekercrr,
that the Germans call a French-man, Wall. And
that when the German Saxons firſt came over hither,
and heard the Britains ſpeak the Gauliſh tongue, they
call'd them Walk, i. e. Gauls. * Buchanan faith more-
over, that Walch doth not among the Germans bare-
ly ſigaifie a Srrawger, but moſt properly a Gaul. And
that coumry Galles which we call Wales : and that the
antient Scots divided all the Britiſh Nations into Gao!
and Galle, that is (after his interpretation) -into the
Galleci and the Galli.
But when all is done, if our Britains are ſtill re-
ſolved to make out their claim to a Trojan original,
I will not here make it my bulinefs to oppoſe / nn,
bur yet «if they will follow my advice, they had beſt
ground their pretence to the "Trojans, upon their
deſcent from the Gauls. For it is ſaid by ſome, (theſe
are the words of Ammianus) that after the deſtruttion
=
of Troy, a few That feed thence, poſſe/d themſelves of
Gaul, at that time wnteopPd. And here now, while
we have theſe languages under our conſideration, we Th. rr;
cannot bur much admire and celebrate the divine
goodneſs cowards our Bricains, the poſterity of Go-
mer; who, though thzy have been conquer'd and
criumph'd over fucceflively by the Romans, Saxons,
and Normans ; yet hitherto they enjoy the tive n2m?
of their Anceſtors, and have preſerv'd entire their p: i-
mnive language,aithough the Normans fet themſcives
to aboliſh it, making expreſs laws to that purpoſe.
The reply of that o!d Gentleman of Wales was not
impertinent, who being askK'd by emy the ſecond,
King of England, what he thought of the ſtrength of
the Welch, and of his royal expedition againſt them,
made his anſwer in theſe words: 7his nation may
ſuffer much, and may be in a great meaſure ruind, or
at leaſt very much weakened, Great Sir, by your preſent
and other future artempis, als well as formerly it hath
=_ been: but 2we aſſure our ſc/lves, that it will never
e 2pholly ruined * by the anger or per of any mortal man,
wnleſs the anger of Heawven concur to its deſtrudiicr,
Nor (whatever changes may happen as to the other parts
of the world) can I believe that any other nation or lan.
guage beſides the Welch, ſhall anſwer at the Iſt day fer the
greater part of this corner of the wal,
——
5 How true ſoever thar may be, yer 'cis certain that the opinion he advances ot Wales having its name from Gaul, is al-opether falle, as is prov
in Cornwell. And belides, why might not the Welſh and the G »u/r both of rhem have their name vp n the ſme vocation, the latter as being ffras-
gers to the Germans, and the tormer ro the Saxons?
& Our Author, where he diſcourſcs of re continuance 0: the Komans in Brirzin, d« !i-
vers it as his «pinion, that the Britains may belt claim a rclatiun to the Trojans, by their intercuurſe tur fo many hundreds of years with the Remaxs,
who were certainly deſcended trom them.
The Name of
B 14S & © Be
BY you will ſay, if Cumero bs the primitive name | manner we may juſtly conceive, that our Anceſtors,
of the Inhabitants, whence then comes Albion ?
whence Britain? a name which hath ſo much pre-
vailed, that the other is almoſt forgotten. Give me
leave, as to this point, to deliver my real thou
which I am ſatisfied are the real truth.
things may be conſider'd under various circumſtances,
and thereupon may be jultly expreſs'd by various
names, as Plato tells us in his Cratylas.
both of modern and antient times, you muſt needs
obſerve, that all nations have been by Strangers,call'd
by-names quite different from what they call'd them-
ſelves. Thus, they who in the language of their own
Country, were called [/rael:tes, were termed by the
Greeks, Hebrews and fews ; and by the Egyptians
Huefi, (as Manethon oblerves) becauſe they had Shep-
herds for their Kings. Thus the Greeks call'd thoſe
Syrians, as Joſephus wrizeth, who nam'd themſelves
Arameans, Thoſe who call'd themſelves Chuſii, were
by the Greeks, from their black faces, term'd e£h1o-
pians, Thoſe who call'd themſelves in their own
language, Celr#, the Greeks calld Gallate,cither from
their milk white complexion, as ſome will have it, or
from their long hair, as I juſt now obſerved. Sothoſe,
who call'd themſelves in their own language, Teutſch,
Numidians, and Hellenus, were by the Romans term'd |
Germani, Mauri, and Graci, | Germans, Moors, and
Greeks.) So likewiſe at this day, (not to produce
too many inſtances) they, who are in their own
Tongue, call'd Muſſelmen, Magier, Czechi, Beſer-
mann, are by all other Eurepeans called Turks, Hur.
garians, Bobemians, and Tartars. And even we in
England, who in our own tongue call our ſelves
Engliſhmen, are by the Welch, Iriſh, and Highland
Scots, Call'd Saſſon, 1. e. Saxons. After the ſame
who called themſelves Cumero, were upon ſome other
account, either by themſelves, or by others, called
Britons; from whence the Greeks fram'd their
2th, | Beg*mwvie, and handed the ſame word to the Romans.
The tame |
Thus much being premisd, we will now enquire in-
to the ſeveral names of this Iſland.
And if you |
will take the pains to ſearch into particular inſtances,
As to the name of 41bion, I am not over folicitous.
For it was impos'd on this Iſland by the Greeks, for
diſtinftion fake ; all the Iſlands that lay round it be-
ing call'd by one general name, Briramnice and Bri-
fannie, 1. e. the Britains, or the Britiſh Iſles. The
Idand of Britain, \aith Pliny, {o famous in the writings
both of the Greeks and Romans, is ſituate to the north.
weſt, at a great diſtance from, but juſt oppoſite ro Ger-
many, France, and Spain, three Countries that take up
much the greateſt part of Europe. It us particularly cal'4
Albion, whereas all the Iſles,which are about it are cal””d
in general Britanniz. Whereupon Cartullus concern-
ing Czfar, hath this expreſlion,
Hunc Galli timent, timent Britannig.
Both Gaul and Britain our great Czfar dread.
Alſo in the ſame Epigram, he calls this Ul:imam Occi-
dentis Inſulam, 1. &. the fartheſt Iſland of the welt.
The name of A4/bicn ſeems to have had its riſe meer-
ly from a vain humour of the Greeks,and the fondin-
clination of that people to fables and fiftittous names,
which they themſelves call'd d«.7:y EVPETMAI EP, For
ſeeing that nation have upon a mere fiction, named
Italy, Heſperia, from Heſperus, the ſon of Atlas ;
France,Gal/atia,from a certain ſon of Polyphemus,&c.
I cannot but believe that in the fame fanciful humour
they invented for this Iſle alſo the name of Albion,
from Albion, Neptune's fon ; as Percttus and Lilus
Giraldzs have oblerv*d before me *: unleſs one ſhould
« So an Ile in the Indian Sea was call'd Leucs, white ; and another in Pontus, which agreed with this of ours, fo far as to be thought Jonny
and to be a receptacle of the Souls ot thoſe
at Herues, Peleus und Achilles. So & place by Tyber roo was call d Adlbioms, Mr. Sanmes tor
fame rcaſon will kave it deriy'd from the Pt.zniciun 41pm, a bigh Mountain z and 4iben, white,
4
chools
- th :
. tals
gUaS »
_ a
T4284
in Þ& 1
pog! IÞ'
of 4 as
'y
.
A >
hon fF.4 3
i478,
Alvin.
Nr:t an-
WA
RD OY
MULES WES er OBA op Of RP Gr AT roger
2 Io OE ES noe > _—
XXVil
RI TAN.
chooſe rather to derive it from” Axzer, a word, which
Feſtus ſaith, ſignifies white in Greek, whence the Alps
may have alſo have taken their name : for our Ifland
is ort all ſides ſurrounded with hire rocks, which Ci-
cero calls Mirifices Moles, vaſt and prodigious pules.
For which reaſon alſo in the * Coins of Antoninus |
The figure Pius, and Severus, Britain is figured fitting upon Rocks, | :ommen
PT I. bn a womans habit: and by the Britiſh Poets them- | logy of Britain, different from that common one of
Inis Wan. ſelves, is ſtyled © Inis Wen, that is, the Whate Ifſand. |
I might alſo alledge,that Orpheusin his Argonautics*, |
(if they be his) calls that Iſland, 1d uzizs yfipors, The |
white land, which hes next to Ferns, or Ireland, and
which can be no other but our Britain: the ſame,
which in a few verſes before, he ſeems to have call'd
1.1. de Niow Tdxiteny for Adxitozr. Fracaſtorius alſo in
$7111 h;s
his diſcourſe concerning that peſtilential teaver,which
bie = |
£on*59** wentin England by the name of the Swea: ing ory
*7ſulsCe. Ventidius Baſlus,it is called * Þſulz Ceruli ; conſidering
T8
Remania. the fartheſt Iſlemd, That it was alſo call'd Romania,
Popiſcus
in F.cria-
LI
dans! hea.
delivering it as his opinion, that it was occationed
the nature of the Engliſh ſoil, which lies very muc
ment among the reſt ; that they would pur a favou.
rable conſtruction upon What I do; that as they deſire
to know the truth, ſo they would pardon thoſe that
ſearch imo it, and allow me the ſame li as Elie,
Leland, Lhwyd, and others have taken. For if Hum.
phrey Lhvzd, a moſt learned Britain, was not blam'd,
but rather commended, for producinga new Erymo-
Brutus, without any prejudice to the ſtory ; 1
it will be no crime in me, who here m—__ tage
the Hiſtory of Brutus, to make a ſhort inquiry after
another original. And where can | fo proper]
ſearch after it asin our Britiſh language, which as it
is pure and unmixt, fo extreamly ancient; and on
this double account, we may promiſe our ſelves COnN-
ſiderable afliſtance from it. For antient languages
are highly ſerviceable to the finding out the firſt ori.
ginal of things. And Plato, in his Cratylus, tells us,
that the primitive names of things, long ſince worn
upon Chalk,\or a white ſort of Marle, ſuppoſes that |
from thence: \our Iſland took the name of Albion 4. |
He had bur little honeſt y,and as little modeſty,that was |
the firſt inventor of that idle ſtory, not to be heard
without indignation,how that this Iſland took the name |
of 41bion from © Albina, one of the thirty daughters of |
Dioclefian, a King of Syria, who upon their wedding- |
nighe kill'd all their hushands, and then coming over |
hither in a veſſel without ſails or oars, were the firſt |
that rook poſſeflion of this Illand; where a ſort of
carnal Spirits got them with child, and thence iſſued |
that race of Giantsf, Nor need I much bulie my ſelf.
to enquire, Wherefore in that old. Parodia, againſt |
thar the Sea lies round it, which the Poets ſtyle Ce-
ri]: and Caruluym. So Claudian of this Britain.
- Cujnas weſtigia verrit
Caeriulus ————— :
Whoſe ſteps the azure ſea
Sweeps with his tide—— —
I omit, that it is by Ariſtides, call'd the Great and
ſeems to be infinuated by thoſe paſſages in Gildas,
where he tells us, that this Iſland was fo abſolutely
brought under the Roman power, That tbe name of
the Roman [lavery ſtuck to the wery ſoil, And a little
aftcr, So that it might now be accounted Romania, ra-
ther than Britannia. And within a page or two, An
1/and, bearing the Roman name, but which did not ob.
ſerve the laws or cuſtoms of the Romans. Nay, Pro-
ſper Aquitanus expreſly calls it, The Roman [and,
Hither alſo may be refer'd that prediction of the Aru/-
pizes or Sooth-layers, when it happen'd that the Sta-
tues of Tacitus and Florianus, the Emperors, were
thrown down with Thunder ; viz. That out of their
Family ſhould ariſe an Emperor, who, amongſt o- |
ther great actions, ſhould ſend Preſidents over T aprobane, |
and ſhould ſend a Proconſul into the Roman Iſland ;
which all che learned underſtand of our Britain, tho
it was a Province Preſidial, and never Proconſular, as |
we ſhall hereafter ſhew. That it was ever calld |
Samithea, from Samothes, Japhet's ſixth ſon, I can-
not help it,if ſome will ſtill believe. I know very well
whence all that is horrow'd, to wit, out of Annius
Viterbienfis, who, like a cheat, putting ſpecious ti-
les upon bad wares, hath impoled upon the over-
credu!ous, his own forgeries, under the name of
Beroſus.
But now, a5 to the name and original of Britain,
the various opinions Concerning it, have made it a
very dubions point : for which reaſon, I will apply
out of. uſe, are yet ſtill preferv'd in the barbarous
Tongues as the moſt antient. Now though thoſe
matters are ſo very obſcure, by caſon of their great
Antiquity, that we rather earneſtly with for the
truth, than have any reaſonable hopes to diſcover it ;
eb ſhall do my utmoſt to clear it up, and ſhall
riefly propound my own judgment, not magiſteri-
ally impoſing ic upon any man, but ſtill inclin'd to
admit wich the higeſt ſatisfaction any more probable
opinion. For I love a truth of another's diſcovery
altogether as well as my own, and equally embrace
ic, whereſoever | find it.
In the firſt place, I will take it for granted, with
' the Reader's leave, that all antient nations had their
own proper names trom the beginning, and that the
Greeks and Latins afterwards fram'd names for eve.
ty Country, out of thoſe of the People, with varia-
tion enough to accommodate them to their own Di-
ale. Or to explain my ſelf farther, that the Peo.
le were known and diſtinguiſh'd by their names,
fore the Regions and Countries which they inha-
bited; and thar the Countries were afterwards deno-
minated from the people. Who can deny but the
names of the Fews, the Medes, the Perſians, Scythians,
Almans, Gauls, Gumlians, Saxons, Engliſh, Scots, &c.
were extant before thoſe of Fudea, Media, Perſia,
Scythia, Almaine, Gaul, Getulia, Saxony, England, Scot.
land, &c. Nor is any thing more evident, than
that theſe laſt were coin'd out of the former. We
find that from the Sammites, the Inſubres, and Belg,
Livy and Czfar were the firſt that call'd the Coun-
treys themſelves Sammitium, Inſubrium, and Belgium.
From the Franks, in the time of Conſtantine the
Great, as appears by the Coins of that Emperor, the
Country where they were ſeated firſt, rook the name
of Francia or Fraxce. And Sidonius Apollinaris was
the firſt that tramed the name of Bur Y, Now we
have all the reaſon in the world to believe, that juſt
aſter the ſame manner, the Inhabitants, or elſe the
Gauls their next Neighbours, firſt gave this Iſland
the name of Britajn. For ſeveral things make it pro-
bable, that theſe Natives were called Brit or Brith in
the old barbarous Language ; eſpecially that Verſe Brit.
which paſles under the name of Sibyl.
"Eoremu © BpuTtonn x) & Faxnos mILYpuan(s
"Qx4avis xoddsy Thnpews Gf Etwan MAAG.
The Britiſh tribes and wealthy Gau!s ſhall hear
The purple waves come rouling from afar,
While tides of biood the wondring Pilots fear.
Next, the authoricy of Martial, Juvenal, and Auſo-
nzus. This Iſland alſo is by Procopus called Briria ;
my {lf to our Britains for leave to interpoſe my judg- | and the ancient Inſcriptions, ſer up by the Britains
_——_——
{ One of thoſe Coins of Antoninus Pius having Britain fitting upon'the r
prin, Aatennus. Aug. Pris. PP. Tr. P.xviii. Reverſe. Bricannia, Col. 1111. SC.
ocks,is inthe hands of the excellent Mr. Toeresby of Leeds, with this inſcri-
© The learned Selden Frey Polyolb. p. 20.) thinks
this inftance the moit conhiderable oi all tor this purpole ; becaulcein Antiquity ir is uſual to have nawes among Rtrangers correſponting to tha* ot the
11h:biantrs. So the Redde-Sea is by S rb», Cu tius, S.cphanus, and uthers,
call'd Erythraws ; and Nile, in Hebrew and Agypiian call's 6/act, is
ulerv'd by that Prince of Learning Joſeph Scaliger, to {ignifie the ſary* colour in the word A:yu:Gusd for ir by Homer ; which is inforc'd by
the black itarues among the Greeks, erected in honcur ot Nile cali'd alſo expreſly McAzg.
s As Buchanan will not allow rhat their 4;84an:a could come from 2 Latin
4 See Ulher's Antiquitar. Briran, EccleC. p. 278. fo),
word, fo neither will Somner let our 2l6ion have that o: iginal ; but with
Atban:a, derives it tronr the Celrick 4/p:n, Alben, and fuch like words, intimating a mountain, high k14, &c. which anſwers the rature ot hc
piace, whether weconiider the inner parrs ot the lfland, or thoſe 99/c5 mer;fiea (mentioned by Cicery) up. n the Sca Coatts
F This is terch'd
cart of the Chronicis of Sr. Albans. Burt our Author ſeems here to cundineet, ewo fabulous opinions nts one, making this 4/bina; at the ſame time *
cavghrer 0: Dioclc{1an, and one oft the Danaides, daughters of Danaus : tor they it were, who a+ ſaid ro have kill'd ther husbands, and com:
over hirher. [
preſemed by a woman ſometimes firting upon a rock, tometimes upon A ſort
quart.
: See Virgil's Caraletts, and Scaliger upon the place, For this reaſon it is «ec tm in the Cans of Axtonins Pires, Britain re-
of a giobe in the Ocean, And Proſper the Rherorician, calls cle Britains
them.
The ſeveral Names.
themſelves, in which we read Brito, Britones, Brittus,
COH. BRITON. ORDINIS BRITTON, and at
Rome, in the Church of Sr. Maria Rotunda, NA-
TIONE BRITTO. This Inſcription alſo, which 15
tobe ſeen at Amerbach in Germany (which 1 will here
inſert, becauſe it mentions Triputwm, ſome place 1n
Britain, but not known. )
NY MPHISO
NO BRITTON
TRIPUTIENO
SUB CURA
MO VLPI
MALCHI
. LEG. XXIL
PO PO FO
The Saxons alſo themſelves, in their own Lan-
guage, calPd the Britains Bpica), and particularly
Wirichindus the Saxon, throughout his whole Hiſto-
ry, uſeth the word Brite. So that without all doubt,
Brit is the Primitive, from whence Brito 15 derived,
and from whence we may rationally expett ſome
light that may lead us farther towards the original
of the name of Britain.
Now it was- the general cuſtom of all nations, to
apply to themſelves fuch names as had a reſpect to
tomething wherein they either excell'd, or were di-
ſtinguiſh'd from the reft. Some from the dignity of
their Founders, as the Jonians from Fawvan, the ltrae-
lites from Iſrael, the Chananites from Chanan, the Son
of Cham. Others with a refpe& to their particular
natures, inclinations, or ' employments, as the 1ber;,
according to the Hebrew derivation, becauſe they
were Mixers; the Henets, becauſe they were Wande.
rers ;, the” Nomades, becauſe they buſted themſelves
moſt about Cattel ; the Germans, becauſe they were
accounted ffour and warlike men ; the Franks, be-
cauſe free 5 the | Pamnonians, in the opinion of Dion,
from Pamzas, wearing coats with long cloath ſleaves ;
the e/E£tbiopians-from their blackneſs ; and the Albans,
as born with white hair. From whence Solinus makes
a remark'very worthy our obſervation, That even the
Colour of the hair tid ive a name to a nation. Now
our Country-tmen, who pafling under the general
name of Cimbri or Cumeri, in common with the
Gauls, had no other mark or character fo pro-
per to difference and diſtinguiſh them from the reſt,
as that their peculiar cuſtom of painting their bodies.
For the beſt writers that are, Czſar, Mela, Pliny,
&c. do alt ; that the Britains us'd to paint them-
u/. elves with Glaffam, or woad (and the word Glaſs,
.
Com s-
074+
R IT:
&*
iz, I ſhould ſuppoſe, that our Britons took that denomi-
hence . Nation from their painted bodies ; for the word Brirh,
mc, in the antient language of this Iſland, ſignifies any
, thing that 1s painted and coloured over. 'Nor 'can
© any man in+reaſon cenſure this, as either an abſurd,
or over-ſtrain'd Etymology of the Britons ;, ſeeing it
has the grand requiſites i all ſuch caſes, i. e. the
words found alike, and the name (which is as it were
the picture of the thing) expreſleth the thing it ſelf,
TIS
almoſt : ritains,
there appears” ſome intimation - of a Colour, which
mz Withont doubt aroſe from this cuſtom of Paint.
om cQ-
7,
ſignifies Blue in' Welch to this day.) What then, if
ſerv'd;) they might either be inform'd by the Na-
A—
_=
ing. "The Red Colour is by the Britains call'd Coch
and Goeb, which word, I fancy, lyes couched in
theſe names, Cozidunus, Argentocoxus, Segonax. The
black colour they call Da, ot which methinks there is
ſome appearance in Maudubratins, Cartimandua, To-
godumnus, Bunduica, Cogidunus. The white colour
1s called Gwyn, the expreſs footſteps of which word,
methinks, I fee remaining in Venutivs and Inmanuent i.
ns, Gwelby, in Welch, lignifies a Wateriſh colour, and
this diſcovers it ſelf evidently in the names of Velloca.
tzs and Carvillizs, and Suella, Blue is in Britiſh Glas ;
and that plainly appears in the name of King Cun-
g/aſas, which Gildas interprets Fulvum, or, as it is in
lome other copies, Furvum Lanionem, a dark co-
lour'd Butcher. Aure, the name for a Gold colour, is
manifeſt in Cungetorix and Arvirages, A lively and
brisk colour is by them call'd Zeg, whereof we have
ſome hint in Praſutagus, and Carattacus. - But now, if
we allow that the Beieains borrow'd the names of
mixt colours, together with the very colours them-
ſelves, from the Romans (as they did certainly their
Werith for Green, from Virids ; and Melin for Straw-
colour, from Melinzs z) then 1 hope I may have leave
to fancy at leaſt, that I can diſcover ſome tin&ture of
the colour call'd Praſinus, or Graſs-green, in the
name of Praſutagus 5 and of the colour calld A4ini-
um, i.e Vermilian, in that of Adiminus, lon to
King Cunobelinus, Rufina alſo, that moſt learned
Britiſh Lady, took her name from the Colour, call'd
in Latin Rufus, the red or flame colour ;, like as 4.
ban, the firſt Martyr of Britain, from Albus,1. e. White.
If any man, well skilld in that antient language,
would in like manner examine the reſt of the Britiſh
names that occur in old writers (of which ſort there
are not above four or five extant,) it is very probable
he will find in every one of them, ſome fignification
of a Colour, Nor ought we to omit here, that the
moſt common and current names at thisday amonglt
our Britains, Gwyn, Du, Goch, Lluid, were taken
from the white, black, red, and rufſet Colour. So that
it ought not to ſeem ftrange, that a nation ſhould de-
rive its ” general name from Painting, where all the
people painted their bodies 3 and where, both in old '
time it was, and at preſent it is the faſhion to take
their moſt ordinary names from Colours, But to re-
turn to our buſineſs, if a!l this have been foreign to
it. It is moſt certain, that in the Britiſh Hiſtories, an
Inhabitant of Britain, is call'd in that Language, Bri-
thon, The note of aſpiration is not to be regarded,
ſince the Britains (whoſe tongue, St. Chryfoſtom' = $:rm7,
faith, was lingua Shia. e. a hifling tongue) were Pf
always much pleas*d with aſpirations, which the La- *
tins as ſtudiouſly avoided. Now as Brito came trom
Brith, ſo did Britannia alſo 'qrmy opinion. Britamia
(faith Hidore) was ſo called from a word of the inha.
bitants, Now, whereas the moſt antient Greeks
(who were the firſt that gave this name of Britain to
our Iſland) eicher upon the ones of Trade, or of
Piracy, were wont to make long voyages, keeping
pon. cloſe to the ſhore (as Eratoſthenes gr
tives, or learn from the Gauls, who ſpake the ſame
language, that the people of this Iſland were call'd
Brich and Brithon, and "thereupon to the word 7:1.
Brith, add Tania, a termination, which in Greek (as 2
the # Gloſſaries tell us) ſignifies a Region or Country, now add
Out of which two words, they compound the name £54
of Berravia, corruptly written Bpemuiz, L E. the Conn. of Comte
try of the Britons, Lucretius and Czfar have nam'd ics.
it more:truly Britamia ;, and they are the firſt of che
Latins that make mention of it. That the matter
ſtands thus, as to Britain,. I do the more firmly be-
horribil:ores ſunt in pugns aſpettu, &c. ſays Cxlar
aunt Athiopum colorem imitantes. Now thereis a great difference between
: es drawn upon y
mcerpreted in this ſcnſe ; yet *cis only the Alb:
Brit annice ; and therefore WES on—__ that all che reſt
b carned
ty of Gloſſaries in this poinr, unleſs it allo appear'd that ſome writer had us'd the word Terie in that ſenfe. What he Imagins might occalioa
ſuch 2 miflake in the Gloſſographers, is the 744yje, uſed to fignific a little lip os rongne of land or ſhape. Sec Camgen's Epilt. p. 60,
louring,) and panting, which neceſſarily ſuppoſes certain
and Cxkar (the beſt aurhority oft that kind)
were call'd by one general name Inſule
tanms uhder that notion cannot properly be applicd to them.
t
» That admirable Antiquary Mr. Somner, has not without ſome colour of reaſon,
(how generally ſoever the opinion may be receiv'd) that the od Britains did paint their bodies. Glaffo
nf wy .zlar, and agrecably, Pomponius Mela, Hitre corpora infetti 5 to both which, Piiny's words do ver
well ſuir, Simile plantagim glaſtum in Gallia wocatur, quo Brit annorum comjuges muruſque foro rn oblite, us buſaam in ſacrs & nude mots
the bod
&'d his diflike of this Qrigigal. For :. It docs not appear
inficiunt, quod caruleum efficit, atque hoc
, or ing che body { which implies no more than cu-
» Beſides, (i ng ſome of che Britains did parnt themſelves,
on he ſpeaks of ; whereas all the likes in our Ccean
lowed the fame cuſtom (as it does not) Bri.
Cafaubon has expreſs'd bimſclt difſatisty'd with the bare authori-
keve,”
WO 2 fe. 2" Hf
OC at
AB A Ora Beg m__ Os
1s = T jN.
X XN!
"_ —_—
leive. bccautc we find not in ai the worid belides a-
derable largeneſs,
above three countries of any con.'\ders
the names whereof do terminate in 7.7. Andeven
thoſe three lye all in this Weſtern part &t the world,
to wit, Mauritania, Luſitania, and Aq91t«714 ks Of
| which I queſtion not but that the Greeks, wtio firlt
L1ib. 1.
diſcover d thoſe countries, were the inventers, and
that from them the Latins afterwards receiv'd them.
For from the name of the 1auri, they made Aav-
ritania, as much as to ay, The country of the Maurt ;
which, according to Strabo, by the natives themſelves
was called Numidia. From Luſws, the S0n of Bac-
chus, they framed Luſitania, that 1s, the Country of
Luſwus ; and perhaps they call'd Aquitam by that name,
ab agus, as Ivo Carnotenſis thinks, ſince it 15 a country
ſeated upon the water. In which ſenſe alſo (as Ph-
ny cells us) it was formerly called Armorica, 1. e, Iy-
ing opon the Sea-coaſt. As for Turditania and Baſti-
tania, names 'of ſmaller countries in Spain, and con-
ſequently lying in theſe Weltern parts of the world,
they may be very properly reduc'd under the ſame
head, and ſeem to fignifie no more than the countries
of the Turdi, and the Bafti. Nor is it unuſual to com-
pound a nameof a foreign and a Greek word. Word:
are compounded, (ſaith Quintilian ) either of our own,
('b-© Latin ) and a foreign word, as Biclinium z or
quſt contrary, of a foreign word and a Latin tacks to it,
as Epitogium and Anticato; or of two foreign words,
as Epirrhedium. And this is the moſt uſual fort of
Compoſition, as to the names of countries. Is not
the name of Ireland a manifelt Compound of the Iriſh
Erin and the Engliſh word Land? Is not Angleterre,
2 name made by the conjunction of a French with
an Engliſh word? "Was not the name of Franclond,
( for fo. our old Saxons called France.) a product
both of the French and Saxon Language? Came not
Poleland likewiſe from a Poliſh word that ſignifieth
a plain or level, united with a German? Laſtly, was
not the name of Dewmark compounded of a Daniſh,
and--the German word Merch, which ſignifieth a
bound or limit? But in a thing ſo evident, more words
are needleſs. Nor isit at all tobe wondred, that the
Greeks ſhould give to our Ifle this addition of 7ania;
whenas: St. Jerome, -in his Queſtions upon Geneſis,
proves out of the moſt antient Authors, that the Gre-
Cians had their Colonies and Plantations along all the
Sea-Coaſts in Europe, and in all the Iſlands, even as
far as our Britain. + Let »s, faith he, look imo Varro's
Treatife of Antiquities, and that of Siſinius Capito, and
alſo the Greek writer on, and of ſeveral others, emi-
nent for learning ;| and we ſhall plainly ſee, that almo#t all
Thar the
Greeks
Came 11nt9
Britain.
the [lands and Sea-coaffs poer the whole world, with the
lands bordering upon tbe caſts, were generally poſſeſſed by
the Greeks, For than peogte'( as 1 have [aid before ) poſ.
ſeſſed all the Sea-coaſts, from the Mountains Amanus and
Taurus; as far as the Britiſh Ocean. ©
; * Now that the Greeks did land in this our Iſland,
and made their obſervations of the ſituation and na-
ture of it, will be a point paſt all queſtion, if we do
but firſt obſerve what Athenzus hath written concer-
FP 4 du Y d 4 - - . x
ning Phitcas T.ucrommites, ( of whom more anon )
who was in Britain in the 160. year betore the com-
ing of Czfar. Next, if we do not forget the Altar
with an inſcription to Ulyſles in Greek Letters: and
laſtly, if we conſider what Pytheas hath related be-
tore the time of the Romans, concerning the diſtance
of Thule from Britain. For who ſhould ever have
diſcover'd to the Greeks, either Bri:a:m, Thale, or the
Countries of Belgium, eſpecially their Sea-coaſts; un-
leſs the Ships of the Grecians had entred the Britiſh
and German Ocean, and given their Geographers an
account of them? Can any one imagine, that Py-
theas could ever have known any thing of what lay
ſix days fail beyond Britain, but that fome Grecian
gave him information? How eiſe could the Greeks
ever come to know that tnere were ſuch places as
Scandia, Bergos, ana Nerigon, from whence the pal.
ſage lay by iea to Thule? Theſe very names ſeem to
have been much better known, even to the molt an-
tient amongſt the Greeks, than either to Pliny, or
to any one of the Romans. Accordingly Mela tells
us, That Thule had been much celebrated by the Grecian
Poets: and Pliny faith, Britain was an Iſland famous in
the writings of the Greeks and Romans. this means
it hath ha *d, that a conſiderable number ot
Greek words have crept into the Britiſh and French
language ; as alſo into the Belgic or Low-Dutch.
Hereupon Lazarws Bayfims, and Budeas, have taken
an occaſion very much to value their country upon
this, that the French were in old time $#:awalves, 1. ec
(Grreat admirers of the Greeks, and build their princi-
pal argument for it upon a few French words, which
[till retain ſome marks of the Greck.., And Hadria-
nus Junius ſeems not lefs overjoyed, - when he can
here and there light upon a Belgick. word that will
admit of a Greek Etymologie.
» Britains may glory in their Language, fſinge it hath
Greek original.
Secretary to Queen Elizabeth, attributes it rather to
__ fled hither, for their __ —_—
you have my thoughts, ” my m1-
ſtakes, concerning the original of, the people, and
the name of Britain. If they are falſe, may the di-
ſcovery of truth ſhow it. In this intricate and obſcure
nk _—__ iquities, he w_ merits that errs but
a little ; and it often ha , that-things, which at
firſt ſight, and upon Night thou hts, we think falſe;
_ very true upon! a more ſeriots confideration.
It I were to appear before 7rub het ſelf as' a Judge,
I could fay no more. In the mean time, as for our
Countrymen, the Britains, 1 do with all potfible ear+
neſtneſs entreat the learned part of them, to employ
1 this enquiry their utmoſt care, diligence, and in,
tention of mind; that fo, at the appearance of cruth,
oh thoſe conjectures may vaniſh like miſts before tho
—_—
[
” o "4
——
£ There Flea ragre $05; <e} miracos. Capitanis, ws ccironia,” Ibid. 1 adds che knowledge-the Greeks and R
| | ame | | pr ing ge $ O»
mans ſeem to have had of Britain, ſee
19, {ev
Idiom, there do nor want inſtances to ſhew an berween them.
1» hand wirh ut; »s
£ 200K) x «Os vg oe
p15 Co'ledted;by Scho:tus ) @ rope of ſand; Aid
.
2 ' 9 rhe ticle Brit amnorum more A
'of «whoſe words are ſhebm by ſome lare Lexioographers to kave'a near affioity wich the Greek. . But whicl) is more, even in point of
» And if that be a good bottom, ſo may the Engliſh
,
Ne Judges, mn Heſychius, is our brert of ® zree; {x ergo, £0 taks
So
"ite wo --4 Tt mind ; tic pirO- x2, ih Lucian, #0 be lea by the noſe ; 3d wp Toes in Diogenes Laertius, to maks water ;
left [pe 5 344vea ar) x4f devine, In Hocrates, bis rongue runs "© 7
) rad» m oix'9 s run, 4 rowling flone
before hu Wify, oxcivbcy *Z # j/1ts, { among che Greek Adn-
4t hers n0-1oſs. n The fame Author that has
exprel(-*'d' his di 3tjslaQion in Mr. Camden's Brith-tanis, has left as a conjetture of his own, no lefs plauſible than learned, vjz. that jt comes from
Bryavo, figni.ying in Britiſh fervere, &/Ware, ferw);ſcere, calefacere,
ralkr of by Authors. By one 'cis eat 'd-Ocears barbart ibus fremens ; by another 'tis ſaid, horrendis attoli efitbiis. And
ters, Kc.
out rhe heat and violent mocion'of this Sea. fo mu-h
Ariſh $Sca is called
by Solinius, wrdojics ff mquicte ; toto in «nno ( fo he goes on ) non m/i paucu'is diebus ft navigatiie. Giraidus Cambreaks yollews bim, and
givcs.us alinoſt-fhe ſame defiyiprion of 4: + and Camden, inhis account % this matrer, has ſhown thele Seas to have been f mout for rheir ruggedneſc,
Sce him in Kev, and in bis Deſcowrſe upon the Britifh 1/{z5., - Now fince this
ity of cur Seas has been in all ages fo erhinenr; -fince alſo t!;e
Britiſh Brydro (© fully exp: eſſes tha? quality, we mutt ur leaft allow this conjetture 2 good ſhare of probability. Douvricls, :rom che Tame original
was thicir B-
—
YdMoWact by wachrdia, tervor, ©. whick leads us naturally to Brydain, in Saxon Bry: ane, and With us Eritain. *
f
The
Now if 1e, then our 6:4
in it a great many words that are, deriv'd from a,
ut the learned Sir; Thownas Smyth,
this accident, that when all the reſt of Europe was Ot
diſturb'd and harraſs*'d with war, a great number of *'7
War
Manners
an4 Cu-
{ms of
tle Bri-
faint.
* mulls
jn the rext:
C me read
419).
Way of
tghting in
( tor:ofre,
% sſedss,
Pryib
Unis,
The Manners of the
BREITATKNS:
F S for the affairs of the Britains in elder times;
their State and Government, their Laws and
Cuſtoms, we were promiſed a treatiſe of them, by
Mr. Daniel Rogers, an excellent man and eminent for
his learning, to whom I am particularly obliged ; but
he being ſnatch'd away by an untimely death, before
he had done any thing upon this ſubject, I will here
preſent the Reader wich theſe few Memoirs concer-
ning their old Cuſtoms, took word for word out of
antient Authors.
Cxſar. The mony us'd by the Britains is braſs, or iron
* rings after a certain ſet weight inſtead of it. They thimk
it unlawful to taſte hares, hens, and geeſe \, however, they
keep them for their delight and pleaſure, The mot civi-
liz d by far of them, are thoſe who inhabit Kent, a coun-
try which lyes all along upon the ſea-coaſt, where they are not
much different from the Gauls in cuſtoms. Many of the
inland people [oxy no corn, but live upon milk and fleſh: they
are cloathed with 5kins. All the Britains dye themſelves
with Woad, which makes them of a skie colour, and there.
upon the more terrible in battle. They wear their hair
long upon their head and upper lip, but > and bare in all
other parts of the body. *They have ten or twelve of them
Il ives together in common , eſpecially brothers with one
another, and parents with their children ; but then, if any
of the women bring forth, the child is counted hu only,
who firſt marry'd So In battles their way generally to
fight in * Charwts : Firtt they ſcoure up and down in x oy
and fling darts, and ſo many times diſorder the enemies
ranks by the terrour of their horſes and the noiſe of their
chariot wheels, When they once wind themſelves in among
the horſe, they light from their chariots, and fight on foot.
The Coachmen in the mean time retire, and place themſelves
ſo, that their maſters may readily find them, to mount a.
gain, in caſe they are overpower'd by the number of the
enemy. Thus they perform both the [peed and quickneſs of
the horſe, and the ſteadineſs of the foot in battle, and þ
daily uſe and prattice are ſo expert at it, that upon the fide
of a ſteep hill, they can ſtop their horſes at full ſpeed, and
take them up preſently; can turn and run along upors the
beam, reſt upon the yoke, and from thence whip party
into their chariots, They often likewiſe give ground, and
retreat on purpoſe ; and when at a little diſtance from our
Legions , diſmount from their chariots, and fight the enem
at diſadvantage. The method of their ls Was ſack,
that it revel inals dangerous to purſue, or to be purſued
by them. Moreover they never fought cloſe and thick to.
gether, but thin, and at ſome conſiderable diſtance ; having
others poſted in certain order, ſo that one might (ucconr an-
other, and the wearied might be relied ſucceeded
with freſh ſupplies,
Strabo. The Britains in ſtature exceed the Gauls, and
their hair # not ſo yellow, nor their bodies ſo well ſet.
Let thus be an argument of their tallneſs, that I my ſelf
have ſeen at Rome ſome young men of them, taller b __
a foor than any other men. Tet their legs were but weak,
and the other parts of the body ſhew*d them to be not well
made ner hand/cme. In ther nature they partly reſemble
rhe Gauls, but in ſome things more plain and barbarous :
ſo that ſome of them have not the art to make cheeſe, tho?
they have much milk ; others of them know neither the art
of gardening, nor any other kind of bushandry. They have
many Potentates among them. In batiles they uſe Chariots
in great numbers, as ſome of the Gauls dv. Woods among
them are inſtead of cities; for having cut down trees, and
encloſed a large round plat of ground with them, there they
build huts to lIruein, and make folds for their cattle ; which
are nt deſign*d to endure long.
Cxiar likewiſe, It x ccunted a town among the Bri-
tains, when ſcme thick wood s fenced round with a trench
and rampier, where to avoid incurſions they retire and take
r« fuge.
Diodorus Siculus. The Britains live in the ſame
manner that the antients did, they fight in chariots, as
the antient heroes of Greece are ſaid to have done in the
Trojan wars, Their houſes for the mo#t part are made of
reeds or wood. They houſe their corn in the ear, and threſh
out no more at a time than may ſerve them for one day.
They are plain and upright in their dealings, and far from
the craft and ſubtilty of our countrymen, Their food 3x
plain and natural, and has nothing of the dainties of. rich
mn. The Iſland is very populons.
Pomponius Mela. Britain has its Nations, and its
Kings over them; but all in it are barbarous. ind as
they are at great diſtance from the continent, [0 they are
the more unacquainted with the wealth and riches in other
places; theirs conſiſting wholly in cattle and the extent
of their grounds.
hens nl
make war at pleaſure, and make frequent incurſions upon
one another, prompted chiefly by an ambition of Sovereign-
7 and enlarging their territories. They fight not only on
orſeback _ 'f
armed afier the way in Gaul, where they call them
Covins, with hooks and ſythes at the axletrees of them,
Cornelius Tacitus. The Britains are neareſt to the
Gauls, and likeſt them; either by wirtue of the [ame or;.
ginal, or becaule, that in Countries oppeſite to one another
a like climate gives a like make and complexion to the bo.
dies of each people. However, if a man conſiders all, "tz
probable this neighbouring country gon 2 an by the Gauls ;
one finds the ſame religious rites, and ſuperſtitions opini-
ons among them. Their language u not mach different
from one another, and they are alike bold and forward in
any dangerous enterpriſe ; and likewiſe upon encounter, a-
like cowardly in giving over and declining. Yet the Bri.
tains ſhew more heat and fierceneſi than the other, as being
not yet ſoften d and render'd efferinate by much peace. For
we find that the Gauls likewiſe were once famous for their
wars, till with peace allen, came in among them, and
their bravery went to wreck as well as their liberty.
Which wery thing u befallen thoſe Britains who were for-
merly conquer"d ; whereas the reſt continue ſuch as the
Gauls were. The ſtrength of their Arms conſiſts in their
Infantry ; and ſome of their nations fight in chariots. The
greatett perſon among them ſtill drives, his ſervants de-
fend bim. Heretofore they were governed by Kings, but
now they are drawn under petty Princes into parties and
fattions, Nor was there any thing of more conſiderab!-
advantage to the Romans, againſt the moi powerful
vations of them, thaw their not concerting one common in.
tereſt, Seldom above one or two cities unite againſt a
common enemie, [on that whilſt every one fights ſingly, all
are conquer d.
In another place. '7is common among the Britains
to conſult the Gods by ſurveying the entrals of beaſts, and
to go to war wnder the conduct of women. They make
no diſtinttion of ſex in point of Governiment. And there-
fore ſome learned men think Ariſtotle ſpake of the p,;;.. ..-:
Britains, where he takes notice of ſome warlike na-
tions bzyond the Celrz, fubje& to the governmenc
of women.
Dio Niczus, out of Xiphilin's Epitome concerning
the Britains in the North part of the Iſland. Th-y
till no ground, but live upon prey and hunting, and the
fit of trees: fiſh, though they bave m preat plenty, they
will not taſt, They dwell in tents, naked, and withcut
ſhoes. They uſe their wives in commons, and bring up all
the children among them, The commonalty govern for the
moſt part, They rob at pleaſure, and fight in chariots.
Their horſes are ſmall and ſhift. They themſelves run, «t
a great rate, When they ſtand in an engagement, ! bey are
firm and immoveable. Their weapons, are a ſhicid and a
ſhort ſpear, in the lower end wheredf is a piece of braſs
like an apple, that by ſhaking it they may terrifie tbe enemy,
$214. Þ ref. ad Pal;olv.
ww Toy
They * paint their bodies, whether for (51114 Co
beauty, or ſome other reaſon, w unceftain, They fora in-
on foot, but alſo in their wagons and chariots, pig. 29.
© ac LES. &. by : 4 p con ge prices eh, awd _
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The Manners of the Þritains.
Magic k in
Britzin,
Claftum
Waa.
Chine.
ro:es.
* Marga.
Manner of
Paintirg.
And ates.
Shippi"g
ot thc
Bi icainE-
Re ig10n
ot he
Britains.
and they endure humger, cold,
Er in
H-roian,
cloudy,
What remains (which is but little now) I will pick
up here and there, and fet down as brictly as I can.
Pliny of Magick. But why ſhould I rake notice of theſe
things in an art, which hath traversd the ccean, and
reach? d the utmoſt bounds of nature ? Britain at this day
honours it with ſo much pomp and ceremony,that one would
imagine the Perſians bad been taught it by them,
"The fame Author. There grows in Gaul an herb like
Plantine, called Glaſtum, wherewith the Britih wives
and wirgins dye their bodies all over, reſembling Black-
amoors by that tincture; and ſo they are wont at certain
ſacrifices to go naked. The choiceſt food among them u
your Chenerotes, a kind of fowl leſs than a wild Gooſe.
The Britains wear rings upon their middle finger ; they
manure their grand with * Marle,
Solinus teil us, That they painted themſelves with cer-
tain marks, 2hich Tertullian calls Britonum ſttgmata,
He ſays farther, The Country was partly poſſeſs d by Bar-
barians ; with the ſhapes of ſeveral beaſts, artfully cut out
in the bodies of them in their youth, ſa that theſe prints mm
thur fleſh might grow and increaſe as their bodies did, Nor
x there any thing reckon®d a ſign of more patience among
theſe Barbarens | ery than ro make ſuch deep ſcars in
their lImmbs, as may recuave a great deal of this dye.
Dio. They worſhip*4 Andates, that is to ſay, the God-
deſſes Victoria and Andraſtes,
Czſar and Lucan. They had Ships, the keel and
maſt where were made of light wood 5 the other
parts of it was cover d over with leather. Solinus. The
Sailors wever eat till their voyage be finiſh?d. The drink
us'd by them was made 0 Mg o (and fo 'tis likewiſe
by us at this day) as Dioſcorides ſays, who mil-names
it Curmi for Kwrw ; for ſo the Britains term what
we call Ale. Many of them had only one wife, as Eu-
ſebius ſays, Przpar. 6. Plutarch writes, That ſome of
them would live an hundred and twenty years, the natu-
ral beat of the body being preſerd by the coldneſs of the
Country, ;
As for thoſe ancient years of inhumane tyrants, Gildas
ſpeaks of, 1 know not what he means by them, unleſs
he hints to thole, who took upon them the govern-
ment in theſe parts in oppoſition tothe Romans, and
were call'd at that time Tyrawmi. For he preſently
adds from S. Jerome, Porphyrie raging in the eaſt like a
mad dog againſt the Church, thus proceeds after bis vain
and wild rate, callmg Britain a Province phentiful in ty.
rants, 1 ſhall ſay nothing of their ancient Religion,
f-r it was not really a Religion, but a diſmal and
confuſed heap of ſuperſtition. For after the Devil
had involv'd the truth of Religion in miſts and dark-
neſs, Gildas tells us, That the /pecters of Britain were
purely helliſh, more numerous than thoſe of e/Egypt, of
which {cme are yet remaining, ſtrangely featur®d and ug!
aud to be {cen both within and without their forſaken walls,
locking ſtern and grim, after their uſual manner.
As tor the Britains being at the rape of Heſione
with Hercules, inferr'd from thoſe verſes of Corne-
lius, ( ſuppoſed by ſome to be the ſame with Nepos )
while he delcribes the marriage of Telemon and Heſione :
mn conn Et 199 urea POcuid fo 7
Inv ant ſefe pateris ol-vs mixta Brita, ©,
With generous wine the golden Veltels thow'd
And well-tilld bowls went round the undiitinguifh'd
Britains among the relt. — - (Qrowd ;
This 1s plainly poetical ; and that the Author of it
was not Cornelius Nepos, as the Germans will have
it, but Foſephus Iſcans, or Joizph ot Exeter, I can
clearly demonſtrate. For he makes mention of our
Henry Il. and of Thos Aichbijhop of Canterbury.
Wiether or no U!j/cs came hither, (as Solinus ſays
is manifeſt from an Altar with an inſcription of Greek
letters on it,) isqueſtion'd by Bredeus: and © I ſhould
Brote' }
$3. 6+ 4.
Vrfroei,
Ulyſcsng
rather imagine 1t erected in honour of U!//s than ver in
raiſed by him; tho! they would have this Ulyites to 5%
be Elizza, Japhet's grandlon. For it appears by
hiſtory, and we have already obſerv'd, that the an-
tient Greeks were great travellets both by fea and
land ; and therefore ir ought not to feem {trange, if
we find ſome names and monuments of them in ma-
ny places. Now they took thoſe names net fo tre-
quenely from their own Anceſtors, as from Heroes,
who were equally ,it not more honour'd among them,
than Contetiors and Martyrs among Chriſtians.
And therefore as thols Countries newly found
out, take their names from St, Fobn, St. Dominic, St,
Francs, and many other Saints ; fo likewife no one
will deny, but the ſame was done among the Greeks.
And of all their Heroes, which oft them has
ever made voyages, either more trequently, or more
long and tedious than Ulyfles did 2? No wonder then
that Mariners ſhould generally make their vows to
him, and conſecrate the places of their arrival with
his name. Thus Uly/ipo, upon the mouth of the river
Tagus, took its name ; and thus in other places are
thoſe monuments of Ulyſſes, Laertes, and his compa-
nions, Which are not to be aſcribed to U//es, as the
founder of them, but as we ought to ſuppoſe, dedi-
cated by Grecian travellers to that Hero, who him-
ſelf of all others was the greateſt.
John Tzetzesin his Varie Hiſtorie writes, That our
Britiſh Kings made Cato the elder (who was ſo pro-
fe&'d an enemy to the vice and debauchery of the
Romans) many preſents, in reſpect and honour to his
virtue ; and that long before the name of Britain
was known at Rome. I leave him to make good
the truth of this ſtory ; but how fabulous an Author
he is, the learn'd are ſufficiently ſenſible.
Nor would I have the reader believe, that Alexan-
der the great went from the Eaft-Indics to the ſtreighes
of Gibraltar, and to Britain, upon the authority of
Cedrenus againſt other Hiſtorians. Fro thence being
come into Zpbaſis, * Gades, and the Britiſh nation, and
having | 005 as bimſelf with a thouſand hulks, &c. That
of Trithemius out of Hunnibald, is much fuch ſtuff, re-
lating, that King Bſ/an»s put away his wife, the King
ot the Orcades's daughter, in the year before Chritt
284. and that chereupon he made war againſt Baſla-
nus with the auxiliaries he had from the King of the
| Britains.
Neither would I have any one imagine, that Hz.
Alex3in i
the Great
never 1n.
Britain.
* [2 t476
Haniby
nibal carrid on a war in Britain, becauſe of that pal- never in
ſage of Polybius, in the Ecloge of the XI Book, Bite
Ts7 NN ory © dAlyw ovyrnctousroy Tis Pot] revias 6; mi'py
Bea;es mes Avvics. For the place is corrupted, and
it ſhould be read Bee]nz: ns for Bat]ruvize, as tis alſo in
the 42 Book of Div. For in both places they treat of
the Brut: 1n Italy ; and yet I will not deny but thatthe
Greeks about this time might arrive here. For Athe-
nzus, deſcribing from Moſchion, a very ancient Au-
thor, that ſhip of Fiero, which was admired by every Hirro's
one for greatneſs and workman{hip, tells vs, That the
Main-malt of it was with much ditficulty at laſt found
by a Swine-herd in the mountains of Britain, and
trom thence convey'd into Sictiy by Phi/eas 7.uromte
mites, a Mechanick : But I fear the Criticks will here
alſo read Bz:]navis for BJ] mrizs, and refer it to the
Brutian-Hi!'; 1n Italy.
— —O— — — = ro _
— — — —— _ _—
——_ > O— -
— -
- Sce M:. George Caricton'sopinion of t| is matter, in 2 letter at large to Mr. Camden, publ:tht in his Ep it!cs, p. +12.
iby
LN————_—
XXXV
11
The ſeveral Names.
XXXViil
— — ———
—_— .
The B 1-
eains 1
expedi'l-
ons with
the Cim-
brizn*.
Tr: 44m
L {4
Rr: tom de
ru7, & Bit-
a1.
Lo 6-13:
R-i-4in
knwen
hu? j1re tO
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277 KJ.
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recks
Yer tis likely, that the Britains went ſome of them
with the Cimbrians and the Gauls in thoſe expediti-
ons of theirs into Greece and ltealy, For, beſides the
name common to both of them, in the Triades a
very ancient Britiſh Book, where we find mention
of three great armies rais'd in Britain; ?tis faid, that
a certain toreign Captain drew a mighty artny out of
this kingdom, which, having deſtroy'd great part of
Europe, at laſt ſert'd upon the Grecian ſea , I ſuppoſe
meaning Galatia. "That Brennus, fo famous beth. in
Greek and Latin Authors, was a Britain, ſome think
may be eaſily made out. For my part, I know on-
ly thus much in this matter, that the name is not yet
quite loſt among the Britains, who in their language
call a King Brennin.
However,that Britomarus a warlike Captain among
them, mention'd by Florus and Appian, was a Bri-
tain, ?cis plain, from the wordit ſelf, which ſignifies
a Great Britain. I will not here wreſt that of Strabo,
ſaying, that Brennus was by birth a Prav/izn, that ſo
I may thence make him a Britain. And whereas
Otho Friſmngenſts writes, that the Brienes, a race of the
Cimbri, fett!'d themſelves towards the head of the
Drave, | will not venture to alter Briones into Britones :
though the Criticks of our age ſeldom ſtick at any
thing,
However, to give my own opinion once for all :
as the Romans, notwithſtanding they grew ſo great
and eminent, were neither known to Herodotus nor
the ancient Greeks; and the Gauls and Iberians were
tor a long time utterly unknown to the old Hiſtori-
ans : ©ſo I have always thought, that it was late be.
fore the name of the Britains was heard of by the
Greeks and Romans. As for that Tra&t De Mmwndo,
which goes tor Ariſtotle's, and makes mention of the
Britains, of Albion, and Hierna, it is not fo old as
Ariſtotle, bur of far later date, as the learned think.
For certain, this part of the world was not known to
Polybius that great Hiſtorian, who, in company with
the famous Scipio, travelld a great part of Et
about 370 years before Chriſt. * He tell us, Thar
pK gs tratt lies northward between the Tanay and
Narbo s unknown to this day, and that what ever « ſaid
or wrote of it, ts all idle and fictitious. Much after the
rate that thoſe at preſent may be thought to do, who
creduloully perſwade themſelves, that Hamilco, being
ſent by the Carthaginians to make diſcovery of the
weſtern coaſts of Europe, arriv'd here many years
before; when there's no other ground for this voy-
age but a verſe or two in Feſtus Avienus, And that
it was ſo late ere Britain was known, mighe very
well be, by reaſon of its ſituation, whereby 'tis dil-
joyn'd from the Continent 3 and alſo, becauſe the
old Britains were then (as other Nations
in this part of the world,) and living at home, had no
great Commerce with other Countries. Dio is of the
{ame opinion in this matter, ſaying, That Britain was
mot ſo much as diſcover'd by the old Greeks ani Romans,
and that the modern of them queſtion*d whether it were ©
Continent or [land; that much was written on both ſides
by ſome who had no certain knowledge, 2: having neither
ſeen the Country, nor learn'd the nature of it fram the in.
babitants, but relying ſolely on thoſe comefnres th-y bid
made, as they bad time or diligence 19 ſkudyit. The tirſt
Latin Author that I know ky who mentions Britain,
we ns in thoſe verles of his about the ditterence
OI Airs
Nam quid Britannum alum differre putamus,
Et quod in «/Egypto eſt, qud mundi claudicat axis,
How different is the air oth' Briciſh Ile
From that which plays upon the wandring Nile.
Now ?tis granted on all'hands, that Lueterius lived
a little before Cxfar : about which-time, Divitiacus
King of the * Soiſlons, the moſt porent Prince in # gu
Gaul, govern'd the Britains, as Czfar himſelt informs #7:
us. But this is to be underſtood of the ſea-coalt,
For the ſame Czfar witneſſes, that there was no other
parts of Britain beſides the ſea-coaft, and: what laid
over againſt Frahce, known to the Gauls. Divdorus
Siculus writes, That Britain 2vas never ſubjett to any
foreigner ; neither Dionyſins, nor Hereules, nor any God or
Hero, have attempted ro conquer it. C. Caſar, for bis
great exploits firnamed Divus, « now the firſt that ever
ſubdu*'d the Britains, and ford them to pay trioute,
Here then our Hiſtorian '(whoever he ' may be) cufrinut
ſhould begin his hiſtory, and not higher: it he feri- 4: Pre Na-
ouſly conliders what the moſt learned Varro hath '**
heretofore faid, and I have already hinted. Namely, Three, Pe-
chat there are three diſtin& periods of time; the firſt 1199 ©
from man's creation to the deluge, which (by reaſon Unknown.
we know nothing of it) is called *A2a:y. The ſecond,
from the deluge to the firſt Olympiad, in the year of
the world 3189, which (becauſe: we have nothing of
it but falſe and fabuloxs ) 15 call'd Mud:zsr, The third, pabulous.
from the firſt Olympiad to our own times, eall'd
Iserxsy, becauſe the tranſaRtions of that ſpace are re- ,;;_ -.,1,
laced by good Hiltorians. ' However, though no
learned Nations, except the Jews, had any true or
hiſtorical relations before that age, I know very well,
that the Britiſh hiſtory of Geofrey begins three hun-
dred and thirty years before the firſt Olympiad,
which was then ſuch a rude and ignorant age,in thefo *'
that our Author calls it fabulous, Hence there-
fore, (leſt I lay a bad foundation, and the reſt prove
accordingly)both becauſe 'tis requiſite in this place,and
may gre great light to that which is to follow ; I will
begin the hiſtory of the Romans in Britain,colletted
not from fables, which would argue the Author's
vanity in writing, as well as his folly in believing;
but the uncorrupted monuments of Antiquity,
with as much brevity as I can : for *ris not my deſign
to rob any one of the glory of a larger treatiſe upon
this ſubject. | |
—_—_ ——_
4 See what our Author has obſery'd up. n this head, under the title, Name of Britain, where he ſeems to allow the Greeks 2 greater acquaintance
e The circumftances of Polybr
with che aftairs of this Ifland, than here he docs.
—_— _ — —
1s words ſeem to imply no more, than that asit was doubrtul
whertcr the fea encompatied the South parts ot Afiica, ( which he tells us in the very fame claofe 3) fo was it, whether the North parts of Europe
above Narbo, were encumpalſs'd roo. But tht he could not mean it in fo great a latirude as our Author rakes it, is plain from his own Gefcription of
the Fountains of Rhodanu and Corbils or Lizeris, with many other places of France, which lay aboye Na: bo : and alſo bis ow. promiſe ia the third
Bouk, to write of the Qurcer or Welt-ica, and cycn of the Brirttſh Iflands ; which ke calls the Bretanich. ]
THE
Fulins Ce-
ar.
Pompome-
us Saht-
nes, out of
Seneca.
The ROMANS nn
BRIT A 1 N.
TION Valour and Fortune had fo confpird,
V or rather Providence had decree'd, that
Rome ſhould be Miſtreſs of the world ; Caius Fulins
C ſar, having now conquer'd all Gau/e, caſts his eye
towards the Ocean, as if the Roman world was not
of extent enough ; that fo having ſubdu'd all, both
by ſea and land, he might joyn thoſe Countreys by
conqueſts, which nature her ſelf had fever'd. And
in the 54th year before Chriſt, he makes an _
tion into Britain,either provoked by the ſupplies from
thence ſent into Gaule, during the courſe of that
war, or becauſe they had received the Bellovaci, who
had retir'd hither, -or elſe (as Suetonius writes) exCcit-
ed by the hopes of Britiſh pearls, the weight and
bigneſs whereof he was wont to poiſe and try in his
hand ; but rather for the ſake of glory, as 1s _
credible, ſince he reje&ted the offers of the Bricil
Embaſladors, who having notice of his deſign, came
to him, promiſing _—_ would give hoſtages, and be
ſubje& to the Roman Empire.
Take his entrance into the Iſland, abridg'd out of
his own words. "The places, ports, and havens of
B:-itaine being not well known to Czfar, he ſends
C. Voluſenus before with a Galley, who having made
what diſcovery he could in five days, returns to him.
The Bricains having intelligence of Czfars intended
expeditiom by the merchants, many cities among
them ſent Embaſſadors into Gaul to offer him hoſta-
es, and their obedience to the Romans. Being ex-
orted to continue in that reſolution, he diſmiſſes
thema, cogether with Comins Atrebarenſir, who had
great authority in thoſe parts (for the Atrebates had
before left Gaul, and ſeated themſelves there) that he
might perſuade them to continue true and faithful to
the Romans. But he, upon his firſt landing, was
impriſon'd by the Britains. In the mean time, Cz-
far having drawn together about 80 tranſport-ſhips for
the two legions, and about 13 more tor the horſe,
ſets fail from the country of the Morini, at three
in the morning, and about four the day following
arrived in Britain, at a place inconvenient for land-
ing; for the ſea was narrow, and fo pent in by
mountains, that they could caſt their darts from
thence upon the ſhore beneath. Having therefore
g0r v3. and tide both at once favourable, he ſer
{ail, and went about eight miles farther, and there,
in a plain and open ſhore, rid at anchor. The Bri.
tains, perceiving his deſign, diſpatched their horſe and
chariots, to keep the Romans from landing. Here
the Romans underwent much difficulty, tor thoſe
great ſhips could not ride cloſe enough to the ſhore
11 this ſhallow ſea, fo that the Soldiers were forced
to leap down in unknown places, and under heavy
armor, from thoſe high ſhips, and contend at the
ſame time with the waves and enemy. On the o-'
ther ſide, the Britains, who knew the nature of the
place, were free and uncumber'd, and fought either
on the dry ground, or but a very little way in the
water. So that the Romans were daunted, and
tought not with the ſame heart and ſpirit they us*d
to do. Bur Cxlar commanded the tranſport-ſhips
to be remov'd, and the alleys to be row'd up
*;u{t over-again(t the Britains, and the ſlings, engines,
and arrows to be thence employ'd againſt them.
The Britains being terrify'd with the form of the
ſhips, the rowing of them, and with the ſtrangeneſs
of the Engines, gave ground. Az the ſame time, an
Enfign of the tenth Legion, beſeeching the Gods that
1:is deſign might prove ſucceſsful to the Legion, and
exhorting his fellow-ſoldiers to leap down (unleſs
they would forſake their Eagle, and ſuffer it to be
:ook by the enemy ; for that he would do his duty
to his Country, and to his General) immediately
jumps out, and advances with his Eagle towards the |
encmy ; all chereupon follow him (nay, Cafar |
himſelf firſt, if we'll believe F«/ianr.) Now bagen
reſolute fight on both ſides ; but the Romans being /#*-
cumber'd with arms, tof:'d with the waves, wanting
footing, and withall contus'd, were ſtrangely difor-
der'd ; till Czfar made the Pinnaces and {hi
boats ply about with recruits to ſuecour them, ks
ſoon as the Romans got ſure footing on dry ground,
they charg'd the Britains, and quickly put them to
flight 5 but could not purſue them, their horſe being
not yet arriv'd. The Britains, upon this defeat, pre-
ſently ſent Embaſladors, and with them Comms A.
trebatenſis (whom they had imprifon'd) to deſire
peace, laying the fault upon the rabble, and their
own imprudence. Czfar, upon this, ſoon pardon'd
them, commanding hoſtages to be given him, which
he receiv'd in part, together with their promiſe to
deliver the reſt after. 'This peace was concluded on
the fourth day after his landing in Britarm.
At the ſame time, thoſe eighteen ſhips wherein the
horle were tranſported, juſt as they were in ſight of
Britain, were tuddenly, by ſtreſs of a {torm then a-
riſing,driven to the weſtward, and had enough to do
to recover the continent of France. The ſame night,
the moon then at full, the galleys, which were
drawn to ſhore, were filled by che tide, and che ſhips
of burthen, which lay at anchor, fo ſhaken by the
ſtorm, that they were altogether untic tor ſervice.
This being known to the Britiſh Princes { namely,
how the Romans wanted horſe, ſhips, and proviii.
on) they revolted, and reſolved to hinder them from
foraging But Czfar, ſuſpecting what indeed hap-
pen*d, took care to bring in corn daily, and to re-
pair his fleet with the timber of thoſe rwelve which
were moſt ſhatter?d. While Afffairs {tood in this po-
ſture, the ſeventh Legion, which was ſent out to fo.
rage, and then bulie at it, was ſuddenly fer upon by
the Britains, and encompaſs'd with their horle and
up and down, and fling their darts, and often dilor-
der the ranks of the enemy with the terror and hur-
ry of their horſe and Chariots ; and if they once get
within the ranks of the horſe, they light from their
Chariocs and fight on toort. The Coach-men draw
oft a little in the'mean time, and place their Chari-
ots in ſuch order, that in caſe their maſters are over-
powerd by a numerous enemy, they may readily
retirethither. So that they pertorm: at once the ſpeeel
and readineſs of horſe, and the ſtability of too ;
and are fo expert by daily uſe and exerciſe, that on
the ſide of a ſteep hill, they can take up and turn,
run along upon the beam, ſtand upon the yoke, and
from thence whip into their Chariots again. Bur
Czſar coming luckily to their relief, the Romans took
heart again, and the Britiſh ſtood aſtoniſh*d, who,
in hopes of freeing themſelves for ever (by reaſon of
the ſmall number of the Romans, and the ſcarcity of
proviſions among them) had atſembled rogether in
great numbers, and march'd to the Roman Camp 3
where Czfar engag*d them, pur them to flight, ſlew
many of them, and burnt all their houles for a great
way together. The very ſame day the Britiſh Em-
baſſadors addreſs themſelves for peace to Czfar ; and
he grants it them, doubling their hoſtages, and com-
manding them to be ſent into Gaul. Soon after, the
Aquinox being now at hand, he ſerſail from Brirain,
and arriv'd fate with his whole fleet in the Conti-
nent. Whither only ewo Cities in Britain ſent their
hoſtages, the reſt neglected it. Upon Czfar's let-
ters, and account to the Senate of what he had done
though he gain'd nothing of conſequence, either to
himſelf or Rome, but only the glory of making the
expedition,
_—
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here, a'proceflion of twenty days was decreed him, Die/1b-33
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The next year, having prepar*d a great fleet (for
with uaoratiicg and private veſſels. built by par-
ticular men for. their own uſe, it conſiſted of above
800 fail) with five legions, and two thouſand horſe,
he ſet fail from Portws Itius, and landed his army in
the ſame part of the Iſland where he did the —_
ing ſummer. But not ſo much as an enemy to
ſeen now; for though the Britains had been there in
great numbers, yet terrify'd by this navy, they had
retir d into the upland country. Here Ce/ar encamps
his army as.conveniently as he could, leaving ten co-
borts, and three hundred horſe to guard the ſhips.
And in the night, marching himſelf ewelve miles up
into the Country, finds out the Britains, who re-
treated as far as the river, but gave him battle there ;
being repulſed by the Roman cavalry, they betook
themſelves to the woods, which were fortified both
«7:39. by artand nature. Bur the Romans * locking their
' ſhields together like 'a roof cloſe over head, and 0-
thers raiſing a mount, took the place, and drove
them from the woods ; however, they purſu'd them
no farther, as having their Camp to fortifie. that
- night.
The day after, Czfar ſent his army in three bo.
dies to purſue the Britains ; but ſoon recall'd chem,
upon the news that his fleet was the night before
wreckt, totn,. and caſt upon the ſhore by ttorm. - So
returning to the ſhips, he drew them to land 1n ren
days time, and entrench'd them within the circuit of
his camp, and then went back to the fame wood
from whence he came. Here the Britains had
polted themſelves with great reinforcements, under
Caſvelm. the condutt of Caſſivellaun or Caſſibelm, who, by
publick conſent, was made their Prince and Gene-
ral. Their horſe and Chariots encounter'd' the Ro-
mans in their march, with much loſs on both ſides.
After ſome pauſe, as the Romans were took up in
fortifying their camp, the Britains tell upon thoſe
that kept guard with great fiercenels, and chargd
back again through two Cohorts, which with. the
beſt of two Legions Czfar had ſent to their athltance,
and ſo made a fate retreat. The day following, the
Britains began to appear very thin here-and there
upon the hills ; -but at noon, Czſar having/ſent out
three legions, and all his horſe to forage, they fer
upon them; yer were repulſed at laſt with great
laughter. And now thole aids they had got toge-
ther went off and left them, 1o-that the Britains ne-
ver aſter encounter'd the Romans with their full pow-
er. From hence Cazfar march'd with his army, to the
T1-2;ve, River Thames, towards the territories of Caſſtuelaun,
T-ames, Where, upon the other ſide of the river, he found a
reat army of the Britains drawn up, having falten'd
Ton {takes in the bottom of the river, to make the
paſlage more .difficult. However, the Romans wa-
ding it up to the neck, went over {ſo reſolutely, that
the Pricains left their poſts and fled ; but not-ior fear
of tower-back'd 'Eiephants, as Poliznus has it,
Caflivellaun deſpairingnow of any good ſuccels by
fighting, retains with him only four thouſand Chario-
teers, and reſolves to watch the motion of the Ro-
mans, fallying out upon their horſe, when at an
time they happen'd to ſeparate and ſtraggle in their
gimme
46
Tte Tri. the Country. In the mean time the Trinobantes ſur-
was. render themſelves to Czlar, deſiring he would pro-
Mendy. tet Mandubratins (call'd by Eutropius and Bede out
«= of ſome loſt pieces of Sueronius Andregorias, and by
aild ur Britains Androgews) againſt Caflivellaun, and ſend
2. our ;
him to rule over them. Cafar ſends him, demand-
ing forty hoſtages and proviſion for his army. By
their example the Cenimagns, Segontiaci, Ancalites, Bi-
Ls,
far ; from whom learning that Caſſrvelaun's rown was
not far off, fortified with woods and fens ; he goes
and aflaults it in two places. The Britains fled out
at another ſide ; yet many of them were taken and
cut off,
In the mean time, at the command of Caſlivel-
laun, four petty Kings of Kent, Cingetorix, Carvilize,
Taximagulzs, and Segonax, fell upon the Camp where-
in the Romans had intrench'd their Shipping z yet
the Romans ifluing out upon them, repell'd them,
foraging ; and ſo kept them from ranging much in
broci, and the Caf likewiſe yield themſelves to Cz-!
|
\
|
| WI l,
taking Cingetorix Priſoner. Cafhiveilaun, upon {;
many defeats, but mov'd particularly by the-revo:r
of thoſe Cities, ſent Embailadors with Comins Arre-
batenſis to Czlar, to treat of a ſurrender. Hz having
reſolv*'d to winter in the continent, demands hoſtages,
and appoints a yearly tribute to be paid from Britain
to the Romans, ordering CafſiveVaun to do nothing
rejudicial to Man4ubratias, or the Trinobantes ; and
0 c:ransports his whole army, with a great number of
captives, at two embarkments. Thus much from
Czfar of his own War in Britain. Eutropius from
ſome pieces of Sretonizr now loit, adds farther.
Sc&vus, one of Ceſar's fcldiers, and four more with
bim, came over before in a li:tle fhip to a rock near the
Iſland, and were there left by the tide, The Britains in
great numbers fell upon theſe few Romans ; yet the reſt of
x companions get back again. Stid Scxva continues un.
daunted, gourk £8 'd with weapons on all ſides ; firſt rc
fiſting them with his ſpear, and after wich his (word,
fighting there ſingle againſt a multitude. And when be
was at length ber weatied, and wounded, and bad had
bis belaet and buckler beat out of his hand, be ſfivam off
with tw6 £0.71 of mail to Ceſar's Camp ; where he begg'd
pardon for his raſhneſs, and was made a Centurion.
When Caſar firſt came to this Iſland, he was fo there:
moderate, and fo far fromthe pomp and ſtate cf our ©
preſent age, that Corar (who was the greateſt Officer
in hiscamp but one) ſays inhis Greek C:mmen;ary con.
cernin# the Commonwealth of Rume, that all his retinue
was but three ſervants. Hen he was in Britain, ſays
Seneca, and could not endure his greatneſs ſhould be cor
fin'd within the Ocean, be hd the news of his @aughter”s
death, and the publick calamities like to follow thereupon 3
Jet be ſoon overcame bis. grief, as he did every thing elſe.
Returning Conqueror-trom Britain, he offers to Venrs p;;,..
Genetrix, 1n her 'Temple, a Corllet of Britiih Pearls. *
Some © of his Britiſh captives he appointed for the Swi
Theater,and certain tapeſtry hangings wherein he had
painted his Britiſh Vi&tories. Theſe were often took
away by the Britains, being the perſons repreſented
by them ; and hence that of Virgil ;
Purpareaq; intexts tollant aulcea Britanni,
Andhow thetap*(try wherethemſeivesare wrought,
The Britiſh ſlaves pull down. :
—
And the Britains were not only appointed to ſerve ln the
the theater, but alſo (tho' this is by the by) the Em- C2128
peror's Sedan, as appears by an old Inſcription of nal 4:
that age, which makes mention of a Decurio over ©P4*%
the Britiſh * Sedan-men. Of this Conqueſt of Cz. * Le8i-
lar*s thus'an ancient. poet : carrorum,
Vis imvitta wiri reparata claſſe Britannes
Vicit, & hoſtiles Rheni compeſcuit nndas.
Unconquer'd force! his fleetnew rigg'd o'recame
The Bruiſh Troops, and Rhines rebellious Stream.
To this alſo may be referr'd that of Claudian con-
cerning the Roman valour :;
Nec ftetit oceano, remi/q; ingreſſs profundum,
Vincendos alio queſiuvit m orbe Britannos.
Nor ſtop'd he here, but urg'd the boundleſs flood,
And ſought new Briziſh Worlds to be ſubdued.
Moreover Cicero in a poem now lolt inticl'd Quadrige,
extols Czar for his exploits in Britain to the very skies,
[in a poetical chariot as it werd,; and this we have upon
the authority of Ferrerius Pkdemontanus. For thus
he writes, 1 will draw Britain m your colours, but with
my own pencil, However, others are of opinion, that
he only irighted the Britains, by a ſucceſsful bartle ;
or as Lucan ſays, who was hardly juſt ro Czfar,
Territa quaſitis oftendit terga Britamnis.
Fled from the Britains whom his arms had ſought.
| Tacitzs a grave ſolid Author writes, that he did nt
| conquer Bruain, but only ſhew'd it to the Remans, Ho-
| race hints as if he only rouch'd ic, when flattering
uſtus, he ſays the Britains were * not meddled * 74
TW
t Intaftns aut Britannus ut deſcenderet
| Sacra catenatH#s Uid,
| Or Britains yet untouch'd, in chains ſhou'd come,
| To grace thy triumph, through the ſtreets of Reme.
—
Romans im Brita.
OD O—_— ——_ —_— >
i Pater; k-eping the Empire within bounds, VVhich in particu-
MEN ES Fetal brs, Slhatd his acl that he mate .
Te manet invicins Romano Marte Britennw. no attempt upon Britain, nor kept any gariſon there.
Britain, that ſcorn'd the yoak of our command, For where Tacitus reckons up the '#. mb and in
Expects her fate from your victorious hand. what countreys they were gariſon'd at that time, he
So far is that of the Court-hiſtorian Velleius Peterculus | makes no mention of Britain. Yer the Britains ſeem
from being truce. Ceſar paſrd twice through Britain; | tO have continued in amity with the Romans ; For
when it was hardly ever enter'd by him. For, many | Germanicus being on a voyage atthar time, and lome
years afcer this expedition of Cxlar, this Iſland was | of his men being driven by ſtreſs of weather upon this
D's. ſubject to ts own Rings, and govern'd by its own Laws. Iſland, the petty Princes here ſent them home again.
Aaguſus. Auguſt res ſeems out of policy to have ne lected thus : It is evident enou that CainsCeſar did deſign to cert
- Iſland, for he calls it wiſdom, as Tacitus lays, (and | invade this Ifland ; but his own fickle and unſteady gu,
pcrhaps it really ſeem'd fo to him) that rhe Roman | temper, and the Ill ſucceſs of his great armies in Ger-
Empire (bould be bounded, i, e, that the Ocean, the Iſtre, many, prevented it, For to the end he might terc1- Suettric
and the Euphrates were the limics which nature had | fie Britain and Germany! to both which he threateryd - Cal. |
ſet to it : that ſo it might be an adamantine Empire | an invaſion.) with the tame of ſome prodigious work,
for fo Auguſt exprelles it in Julian) and not, like a | he made a bridge between the Baie and the Piles of
ſhip which is too big, prove unweildly, and finkun- | Pureoli, three miles and fix hundred paces in length.
der its own weightand greatnels, as it has uſually hap- | But did nething more in this expedition, than recerve Ad- Amin.
pen'd to other great States. Or elſe, as Strabothinks, | minius zhe ſon Cunobellin, a King of the Britains, who w.
he contemn'd it, as if its enmity was neither worth | was Vanquiſh 7 his ather, and with a- {mall number
tearing, nor its benefit worth having ; and yet they of men had fles an yielded a gy 4 to bim, Upon
thought no ſmall damage might be done them by | 15at, as if the whole Iſland bad been ſurrender'd, be
thoſe other Countreys about it. But whatever might | 27ote bo./fing letters to Rome, often charging the CX-
bs tl e cauſ., this is certain, that alter #75, and the | Pr els that was ſent with them, to drive wp wito the very
Civil Wars of the Empire broke out, Britain for a\| Forum and Senate Houſe, and not to deliver them but m
long whi'e was not heeded by the Romans, even in | Mars's Temple, and in a throng Senate to the Conſuls, , |
peaceful times. Yet at laſt Auguſtus was on his Jour- Afterward marching forward fo rhe Ocean ( as if he de-
ney from Rom2 to invade Britain. Whereupon, | /ig"'4 ro make a deſcent into Britain) he drew up bis
Horace at that time to Fr:une at Antium ; army on the ſhore ; and then taking ſhip and launching
: Aa, out a little, returned again, and ſcated in a bigh pulpit,
I PI C.efarems in witioes: gave t6e fign of battle to his ſouldiers, commanding an a-
Orbis Britannos } WA . ) &
fx IS erm to be founded ; and on a ſudden ordered them to gas
Preſerve great Ceſar, while his arms he bends ther 'ſhels. With theſe ſpoils ( fer he waited theſe of rbe
To ſeek new toes in Britain's fartheſt lands. enemy wherewith to triumph ) be pleaſed himſclf, as if be
And after he had gone as far as Gaul, the Britains ſent bad —_—_— / he very Ocean 3 and [ 0 hawing rewarded
their addreſſes to him for peace; and ſome petty | # ſoul;
a OG. S094 Yao a OTE es Leen Cn - +
= . 69. _—_ —_ ns .
2 a
— w——_ - _ -
_ 41 = _—
ters, he brought the ſhells to Rome, that b;s booty
Princes of them having obtained his favour by Em- might be ſeen there [/o, Lnd in memory of bis vietory be
baſſics and their good ſervices, made oblations in the | ##1/# a wery bigh tower, from which, as from a watch- pjgy, 4
Strabe, Capitol, and made the whole [land almoſt intimate and | t0wer, there might be lights kept for the divettion of ſailers
4
»
SIC 9 I > COAT FATE TAIT TAPE Ia I Es OI —
_- Ws
familiar to the R-mans, ſo that they paid all imp: ſts wer y | #1 the night. The ruines of it are ſometimes (when
contentedly, as they do at this day, for ſuch commodities as | te tide is out) ſeen on the coaſt of Holland, called
were convey'd to and fro between Gaul and Britain." N:1v by = Moog thereabouts Britenhuis, Here they
* Torque theſe were ivory, bridles, * Chains, amber and glaſs Veſ. (© d ſtones with inſcriptions ; one of which
ſels, and ſuch like poor common ſort of ware. And | Was C: C:-P:; F. interpreted by them, 1 know not
therefore there necds mo pariſon in that TNland, Fer it | how truly, Cains Caligula Pharum Fecit, But more
would require at leaſt one Legion and ſome b 1ſe, if tri. | of this in the Britiſh Iflands.
bute was to be rais'd out of it, and that would hardly de- From hence forward the inner paits of Britain, claus
fray the charge of the gaviſen ; for the impoſts muſt ne. | defeated by civil wars and factions, rather than by
ceſſarily be abated if a tribute was imposd, and when the power of the Romans, after much ſlaughter on
wuolent courſes are once takin, danger may be look®d for, both fides, fell by little and little under the ſubjeRtion
The next year likewiſe he intended to make a deſcent | of that Empire. For while they fought ſingly one
into Britain, for breach of treaty and covenants; bur | by one they were all in the end conquered ; being ſo
he was diverted by an inſurrection of the Cantabr; | refolutely bent} upon one anothers deſtruction, that
and others in Spaiv. And therefore there is no rea- | till they 'were all ſubdued, they were not ſenſible of
fon to believe Landimns Servius, or Philargiras, who | an univerſal danger, by the overthrow of particular
would conclude that Auguſtus triumph*d over the | States. Nay ſuch was the power of ambition among
Bricains, from thoſe verſes of Virgil : ſome of them, that it corrupted and drew them over
to the enemy's fide, making them faithful and foli-
-- = pre wy —_ yg ray chives Dor thy Rona KR 0 ihe deſtruion of
ofbom cnirines rw maphics inbbibenk their own country. The chief of theſe was Bericws, Bic
Two nations conquer*d on the neighbouring ſtrands. _ 107g om oe pomengyenge; ryrors £ _ ”
To that ſurrender of the Britains without queſtion | broiled by fation and civil wars, upon pretence of
this of Horace relates ; their proteting ſome tugitives fled to them. Clau-
C.elo tonantem credidimus Jovem dius therefore orders Aulus Plantins then Pretor, to lead Au
Regnare ;, preſens divus habebitur - "_ army into Britain, who bad much difficulty to get then P1a6%
Auguſt us, adjettis Britanms af rence, for they took it ill, that rhey were to carry Pi
Imperio, gravibuſque Perſix. on @ war in another world, and ſo drew out the time
When thundring Feve we heard before, with delays and backwardneſi, But when Narciſſis, who
Trembling we own'd his heavenly power, was ſent to them by Claudius, took Plautine's tribunal
To Cze/ar now we'll humbly bow, and began to ſpeak to them, the ſouldiers were ſo of ended
Ceſar*s a greater god below.
at it, that they cried out Jo Saturnalia, ( for it is a cu-
When conquer*d Britain ſheaths her ſword, jr = auring 4 _ _ for the Paves to celcbrate
And haughty Perſi calls him Lord. at feaſt in the babit of their maſters) and forthwith
o willingly followed Plaurius. Having divided bis ariny
Tieris. Tiberins ſeems to have follow'd the counſel of Au- | into three bodies, Jeſt all arriving in one place they might
gu{tus, and nor to have been ambinous of extending be hindred from landing, they were driven back by contrary
the bounds of his empire ;z for he produc'd a book | winds, and ſo found ſome difficulty in tranſporting. Yet
written by Auguſtus's Own hand, cont amimg the account taking heart again, by rea/on that the Corner was turn'd
of rhe Empire, bow many citizens and allies were in arms, | from eaſt to the weſt, whither t bey wee /ailing, they or,
the number of fleets, kingd "MS, Provinces, tributes, or im- | rived at the [land without diſturbance, For the Britain ”
P3jes belonging to ihe State; with bis advice at laſt | wpon the news of what I have already /aid, imagining
| : they
49.
they wauld not come, had neglected to muſter, and there.
/
frongef current in their arms, Theſe falling upon t
my
ſwimming, and the others getting over by a bridge above,
wn';. page and preparation , Elephants alſo were provided.
Romans #7 Britain;
me without uniting, withdrew into their fens and woods,
h:ping to fruſtrate the enemies deſign, and wear them out
with delays, as they had ſerved Cxlar. Plautins there.
re Was at much trouble to find them our. After be had
ſound them (they were not then free, but ſubject to ſeve-
rol Kings) be PF overcame Cataratacus, and after hin
Togodumnus, the ſons of Cynobelline who dy*d before.
Thule not being able 10 withſtand him, part of the Bodun-
ni aoggdr2s bim, who at that time were ſubjett to the
Catuellani. Leaving a gariſon there, be went on to a
certain river 1, a 1 barbarians thinking it impaſſable
by the Romans without a bridge, lay careleſs and negligent
in tbeir Camp without heeding it, Plautius wot ga ſends
rhe Germans over, being accuſtomed to ſwim t roug the
ene-
;y ſurpriſe, ſtruck not at the men, but altogether at
the borſes in their chariots, which being once diſorder*d, the
men were wot able to ſit them. Next to them he made
Flavius Veſpaſianus, who was afterwards Emperor, and
his brother Sabinus, a Lieutenant, march over ; who
pal?d the wroer, and cut off likewiſe many Britains at
wnawares, However the reſt did not fly, but engaged
them ſo reſolutely next day, that it continued doubtful
which way the wittory inclin'd ; 7ill C. Sidius Geta, after
be had been well nigh taken by the enemy, gave them at
laſt ſuch an overthrow, that the honour of a triumph was
granied him at Rome for bis great ſervice, "_ he had
never been Conſul. From hence the Barbarians drew back
towards the mouth of the Thames, where by the flowing
of rhe tide it ſtagnates, and being acquainted with the na-
ture of the places paſſed it eaſily ; whereas the Romans in
following them ran great hazard. However the Germans
they ſet upon the Barbarians again, and killed great num-
bers ; but in the heat of purſuit, they fel among bogs and
mires, and ſo loſt many of their own, Upon this mdiffe-
rent ſucceſs, and becauſe the Britains were ſo far from
being diſmayed at the death of Togodumnus, that they
ans, preparation with more rage to revenge it, Plautius
went no farther , but fearing the S—__ took care to
ſecure what be bad already got, and ſent to Rome for
Claudius ; being Sp ſo to do, if affairs went
ill and dangerows. For ths expedition,
much equi-
Claudius upon receiving this news, commits the govern.
ment of the city to Vitellius bas fellow-Conſul ( for he had
put bim in that Office along with himſelf for ſix months : )
And now be (ets jail from the city to Oſtia, and from
thence to Marſeils ; ſo on the reſt w4 bis journey, partly by
land, and partly by ſea, till be came tothe Ocean : then was
tran/ported into Britain ; where he went direttly to his
forces that were expecting him at the Thames. Having
at laſt joined Plautius, and took the command of the
army, he paſi'd the river, and upon a fair engagement
with the enemy, who were poſted there to receive him,
obtained the wictory, took Camalodunum, the Royal ſeat
of Cunobellin, a many priſoners therein, either by force
or ſurrender. Upon this he was ſeveral times greeted Em.
peror ; a thing contrary to the Roman practice © for jt was
not lawful to give that title to a General above once in one
war. To conclude, Claudins having diſarmed the Bri.
tains, leaves Plautius to gra them, and to ſubdue the
veſt; and returns himſelf to Rome, having ſent Pom-
peius and Silanus, bu ſons in law, before him, with the
mews of has victory. Thus Dio. But Suetonius ſays
that he had a part of the Iſland ſurrender'd'to him
without the hazard of a battle or the expence of blood.
His ſtay in Britain was about fixtecen days; and in
that time he remitted to the Briciſh Nobility the con-
{1{cation of their goods, for which favour chey fre-
quented his temple, and adored him as a God.
And now after ſx months abſence he returns to
Rome.
It was eſteemed ſo great an action to conquer
but a ſmall part of Britain, that anniverſary games,
tr1umphal arches both at Rome and ar Bullogne in
France, and laſtiy a glorious triumph, was decreed
by -the Senate in honour of Claudius : and to ſee it,
the governors of provinces and ſome outlaws were
permitted to be preſent. Upon the top of the Em-
perors palace was fixed a naval crown, to imply his
provinces contributed golden crowns Gallia Comata
one of nine pound weight, and the hither-Spain one
of ſeven. His entry up into the Capitol was upon
his knees, ſupported by his fons in law on each fide ;
into the Adriarick fea, ina great houſe triumphant, ra-
ther than in a great ſhip. The firſt ſeat was allowed
to his conſort Meſſalina, and it was farther ordain'd
riot, After this he made triumphal games, taking
the Confulſhip upon him for that end. Theſe plays
were ſhew*d at once in two theatres 3 and many
times upon his going out, they were committed to
the charge of ochers. Horle-races were allowed, as
many as could be run that day, yer they were in all
_ __ matches ; -- between every courſe there was
ar-baitings, wreſtlings, and hick dancings by
boys ſent from Aſia = that ok He xd
terr'd triumphal honours upon Y alerius Afiaticus, Fu-
lius Silanus, Sidius Geta, and others, for this victory.
Licmius Craſſus Frugi was allowed to ride next after
him in rappangy and in a * robe of date-tree-work,
Upon Peoſidizs Spado he beltow'd * a Spear without an
head ; to C. Gavizs he gave chains, bracelets, horle-
trappings, and a crown of gold, as may be ſeen in
an antient marble at * Tur.
In the mean time Aulus Plautius carries on the war
with ſuch ſuccels, that Claudius decreed him an Ova-
tion, and went to receive him as he enter'd into the
city, giving him the right-hand, both as he rid to
the Capitol, and return'd from it. And now Yeſpa-
ian began to _ in the world ; who being made'
an Officer in this war in Britain by Claudius ; partly
under Claudius himſelf, and partly under the conduct
of Plautius, fought the enemy thirty times, ſubdu'd
ewo of their moſt potent nations, took above twenty
towns, and conquer'd the Iſle of Wight. Upon this
account, he was honour'd with triumphal Orna-
ments, and twice with the Prieſthood in a ſhort time:
and then beſides, with the Confulſhip, which he en-
joy'd the two laſt months of the year. Here alſo 7i-
tus ferv'd as Tribune under his father, with the re-
utation of a laborious ſtout ſoldier (for he valiantly
et his father at liberty when beſieg'd,) and no leſs fa-
movs for the character of a modeſt man ; as appcars
by the number of his Images, and the titles to them
throughout Germany and Britain. What was tranf:
acted afterwards in Britain, till towards the latter
end of Domitian's reign, Tacitus (who 1s beſt able)
ſhall inform you. P. Oftorius, Propretor in Britain,
found affairs in diſorder, by reaſon of the many inrodes in.
to the Country of their Allics ; and thoſe the more outra-
giouſly, becauſe they did not Ro that a General” but
newly made, and unacquainted with the army, would
take the field in the winter to oppoſe them. But Oſtorius
being ſenſible that firſt events would either caſt or raiſe
his reputation, with ſuch Cohorts as were next at hand,
ſets out againſs them, ſlew thoſe who withſfosd him, and
purſud the reſt, who were diſpersd and routed, that they
_— not unite again and ra rh And becauſe an odious
and ſlight peace would be neither eaſie to the General nor
hs Army, be prepares to diſarm the ſuſpicious, and to
poſt hs Faph ſo upon the rivers Antona and Sabrina, as
to check them upon all occaſions. But firſs the Iceni
could-not brook thu, a potent nation, and not ye: dimi-
niſh'd by wars, having before ſought alliance with the Rs-
mans, By their example, the other bordering nations riſe
likewiſe, encamping m a proper place, fenc'd with an
earthen rampier, and acceſſible by a narrow paſſage on:y,
to prevent the entrance of the horſe. The Roman Generad,
though without bis Legions, drew up bis Auxiliary _ys
to attack the Camp, and having poſted hus Coworts to the
beſt advantage for the aſſault, brings up the Horſe like-
wiſe for the ſame ſervice, Thus upon the ſignal given,
they forc*d the rampart, and diſorder'd the Enemy, pent
up and hinder'd by their own entrenchments. However,
they defended themſelves with great walor, being con{ciors
of their own baſeneſs in revelting, and ſenſible that their
ſcape was impeſſible. M. Oft orizes, the Lieutenant"s ſon,
ad the honer of [aving a citizen in the battle.
By this defeat of the Iceni, other States that were then
wavering, were compes'd and ſciied ; and ſo ke marches
— —
conqueſt and ſovereignty of the Britiſh fea, The
or
| Tavaging the Country, Mer durſe the enemy engage us ;
y |
by the Senate, that ſhe ſhould be carried in a * Cha- * Carper:
* Veſte
palmats8.
* Haſtam
pur am.
® Tawrim.
Veſt dare,
Sueton. 1x
Veſpatians
Cc. 4+
Sue, Ti.
ws, Ce &,
P. Cit .
us Pro-
PI&tor.
lcen:,
with bus army among the Cangi, waſting the fields, and ©;,.5;,
Romans ti britain. XIviij
I—w———
ho mes —_——.
A ee
_— _—
By In ———_—_— a ——_— a — —
j
|
Camalo-
' dunurn®
Cara, 4-
Cil/fs
Or doyi-.
Coſl.
* Majo-
rum, n
che Mar-
gin NAatz-
0164413;
T Fa7a
i e/t UEISTA
or if by ambuſcade they happend to fall upon our rear, they
[uffer” I for their attempt. A nd now be Was advancd * as
far almoſt as the Irijh Sea, when a ſedition among the
Brigantes drew him back again ; reſolving fo make no new
conqueſts till he bad ſecur'd the old. The Brigantes
were ſoon quieted, the more factions of them bemg prniſh.
ed, and the reſt pardoned. But the Silures were neither
by ſeverity nor mercy to be reclain*d from their reſolutions
to a continual war, and therefore a Legion 2.5 encampt
there to awe and reſtrain them. To further this, Cama-
lodunum, a Roman Colony, with a ſtrong body of Vete.
rans, was planted in the new conqueſts ; as a reaay aid to
withſtand revolts, and a means to induce their Allies to
obſerve laws. Some cities were, after the old Roman
manner, given 10 King Cogidunus, that Kings them-
[elves migh be their tools to enſlave others,
From hence they marched into the country of the Silu-
res, wh2, beſides their own naturel fierceneſs, rely'd much
upon the valor of Caratacus, eminent above all the Com-
manders in Britain for hu experience in affatrs, either
doubtful or proſperons. He knowing the Country as it lay
beſt for his advantage, and being at the head of a weaker
army, politickly transfers the war among the Ordovices,
drawing to has - aſſiſtance ſuch as were averſe to us, and
there reſolves to try bis laſt fortune, poſting himſelf ſo,
that the paſſes and all the odds was to his own ſide, and
the diſadvantages to ours, No acceſs but 7 ſteep meun-
tains, and where they were paſſable, block'd up with
ſtones, as with a rampier, through a river it botton*d and
ordable ; and theſe guarded by his ® beſt troops. Beſides
all ths, their ſeveral commanders went up and down en«
couraging the {« ldiers exciting them with the bopes of vitto-
ry, the little reaſon to deſpair of ſucceſs, and ſuch like
motives. Carattacus riding up and down, put them in
min, that this was the day, and the engagement, that
wonl.! either begin their liberty, or their perpetual bonda es
reciting the names of their anceſtors, who bad drove Cx-
ſar the Dictator cut of Britain ; whoſe Valor hitherto had
preſersd them from ſlavery and taxes, and their wives
and children from dijhonor. The ſoldiers inflam'd with
theſe ſpeeches, bound themſelves by vows, after their re-
ſpeive Religions, that neither wounds nor weapons ſhould
wake them yicld. Th reſoluteneſs of theirs amaz/d the
Roman General ; a river to croſs, a rampier on the other
ſide, ſteep mountains in the way; nay, every thing terrible
and well guarded, u__ daunted him. However, bis ar-
my clamor*d to be led on, ſaying, nothing was impregna-
ble to valor ; which was too the more encreas'd in them,
by the outcry of the Officers and Captains to the ſame pur.
poſe. Oltorius obſerving what paſſes might be won, and
what not ;, leads them on in this ardour, and paſſes the river
with no great difficulty. Being advanc'd to the rampier,
while the darts play'd on both ſides, we loſt more men, and
had more wounded. But the Romans -| cloſing their
ranks and their targets overhead, eaſily threw down that
looſe and irregular pile of ſtones, and engaging them hand
to hand upon equal terms, forced them to the mountains,
where they were purſued by the Soldiers of all ſorts, either
bervily or lightly Heng 3 the one palling them with
darts, the other preſſing up thick and cloſe, put them into
diſorder, having neither bead-piece nor coat of mail to de-
fend them. ; Boxes food ro the Auxiliary, they fell under
the ſword and Favelins of the Legionaries 3 . 6 they faced
about to them, they were cut off by the ſvords and pikes
of the Auxiliaries. This was an eminent victory ; Ca-
ratacus's wife and daughter yielded themſelves, He him-
ſelf (as one miſchief ever falls upon the neck of another)
craving the protection of Cartiſmandua, Queen of the
Brigantes, was impriſoned by ber, and delivered to the
Conqueror, in rhe ninth year after this war bad begun in
Britain. Upon this, his renown ſpread abroad in the
Illand, and in the provinces adjoyning : ſo that his name
grew famans m Italy it ſelf ; where they deſired to ſee
2ho be was, that for ſo many years had [bgbred the migh-
ty power of that Empire. Nay, his name was not inglo-
riows at Rome it ſelf. And Ceſar, by extollmg bis own
victory, made the captive more eminent, For the people
were called together as to ſomewhat great and age 27
The Emperor's guards were drawn up in the plain be-
fore their Camp. Then firſt came the King's waſſals and
retinue, bis chains and other trophies acquir'd in foreign
wars ; next, his brother, his wife aud daughter ; and
laſt of all bimſelf. The addreſs of others was baſe and
mean through fear ; but Carattacus, neither dejeFed nor
|
craving mercy, [pake to this purpoſe, as be ſtood at Ce.
ſar's Tribunal,
IF the moderation of my mind in proſperity bad been but
Fi 6c to my Quality and fortune, I might have come
a friend rather than a captive into this city 5 and you,
without diſhonor, migh have confed:rated with me, roy-
ally deſcended, and then at the bead of many nations. As
my State at preſent us diſgraceful, ſo yours & bonura-
ble and glorious : I had horſes, men, arms, riches 5 why
x it ſtrange 1 ſhould umvillmgly part with them? But
ſince your power and Empire — be univerſal, we in
courſe, among all others, muſt be ſubje. If I bad forth.
with yielded, neither my fortune nor your glory had been
ſo eminent in the world. My grave would have buried
the memory of it, as well as me. IWhereas if you ſuffer
me 10 live now, your clemency will live in me for ever, as
an example to afier ages.
Upon this ſpeech, Carlar pardon'd not only him, but
his wife and brothers; and being all unbound, they made
their addreſs to Agrippina likewiſe (with thanks and com.
mendations, as they had done to Ceſar) ſhe ſuting in a
high chair at no great diſtance, 4 thing ſtrange and un-
kwow t9 our Fore-fathers, that a woman ſhould ſit com-
manding at the bead of the Roman troops. But ſhe car-
ried ber ſelf as partner and an aſſociate in the Empire,
otten by Ler anceſtors, -ifter this, the Senators being
called together, made many glorions [peecbes concerning their
Priſoner Cara&tacus ; aſſerting it to be no leſs great, than
when P. Scipio ſhewed Siphaces ; when L. Pauls, Per-
ſes ; or whoever elſe (hew'd — Kings unto the Peo.
ple. To Oltorius they decreed the honor of a Triumph.
Theſe Victories in Britain, are related as the moſt
famous monuments and inſtances of the Roman Bra-
very. Hence Seneca. Claudius might firſt glory in
conquering the Britains, for Fulius Ceſar no more than
ſhew'd them to the Romans, In another place allo.
Ille Britannos
Vitra nott
Littora pomti,
Et caruleos
Scuta Brigantes
Dare Romuless
Colla Cathens
Tuſſit, & ipſum
Nova Romana
Fura ſecuris
Tremere Oceanum.
"Twas he, whoſe all-commanding yoke,
The fartheſt Britains gladly took ;
Him the Brigantes in blue arms adord,
When ſubject waves conteſs'd his power,
Reſtrain'd with laws they ſcorn'd before,
And trembling Neprwne ferv'd a RomanLord.
And thus Seneca the Tragadian concerning Claudi.
us, in his Oftawia,
Cuique Britanni
Terga dedere, ducibus noſtras
Ante tgnoti, juriſque ſui,
The haughty Britains he brought down,
The Britains to our arms unknown :
Betore, and maſters of their own.
In the ſame place likewiſe, upon his pafling the
Thames.
En quiore Tamiſis primns poſuit yugum,
Ignota tantis claſſibus texit freta
Interque gentes barbaras tutms fuit,
Er [eva maria, conjugis ſcelere occidit.
See ! he whom firſt Thames ſtubborn ſtream obey'd,
Who unknown ſeas with ſpreading navies hid,
Secure thro? waves, thro? barbarous foes is come,
Heavens ! to be murder'd by his wife at home.
Thus Egeſippus alſo of Claudins. Of this, Brit ain
is an inſtance, which lying without the world, is by the
power of the Roman Empire reduced into the world. Wh:t
was unknown to former ages is now diſcovered by the Roe
man widttory ; and they are now made ſlaves, who being
born to enjoy themſelves in perpetual freedom, knew 1%;
what ſeruitude meant : nay they, who were the whole
breaath o the ſea beyond the reach of any greater power,
and knew not what fear Was, becauſe they knw no one t9
b2 afraid of, are now conquer'd, So that to mare a deſcent
1/19
_— ——_—_
Anton: 1
Delrio,
reads 0
therwile
zn fome
hich !ca-
0 | have
{ec down
he YAri-
pus \eCti-
Profpictt.
Nume evi
Recluſe-
a7,
Poum,
"pi tuy,
Romans
in Britain.
greater aftion than to ſubdue it. In
another place. He added Britain (lying bid in the Oce-
an) to the Roman Empire by his conqueſts ; which en-
rich'd Rome, gave Claudius the reputation of a politick
Prince, and Nero of a fortunate one. And again,
which is the moſt remarkable. The elements themſelves
are fallen under the name and Empire of the Romans, who
are Soveraigns of the whole globe , which ts but the bounds
and limits of their Dominions : and to conclude, *tis call'd
by many the Roman world. For if we conſider the real
matter, the Earth ut ſelf is not of ſo great extent as the
Roman Empire ; for the Roman Valor has paſs'd the ſea,
(the bounds of it) m ſearch of another world, and has
mnto Britain, was a
found in Britain a new ſeat, far beyond the limits of the
earth. So that A when we woutd deprive men,
not only of the pri
rhe converſation of mankind, we pack them thither, and
baniſh theme out of the world, The ſea is no more @ bound ,
but the Roman s all its corners, Joſephus alſo, in
the perſon of Titus to the Jews. What ſtronger wall
and bulwark can there be than the Ocean ? And yet this
cannot guard the Britains againſt the apprehenſions of the
Roman arms,
Moreover, we have ſome verſes upon this ſubjeR,
writ by an excellent, but unknown Poet, reſcu'd
from the duſt by the famous Joſephus Scaliger, in his
Cataletta ;, which being not generally to be met
withal, I will here inſert them ; for the verſes are re-
ally valuable. That the Epigrams are diſtin&t, and
therefore to be ſever'd, F. Obſopems, a very learned
young Gentleman in Germany, lately inform'd me
trom ſome old manuſcripts.
Auſoniis nunqaam tellus violata triumphis,
Ita tuo, Ceſar, fulmine procubuit,
Oceanuſque tuas ultra ſe * reſpicit aras,
Qui finis mundo eſt, | non erit imperio.
Vitta prins nulli, jamiam ſpeftata triumpho,
[ldibata tuos gens jacet mn titulos,
Fabula viſa diu, medioque recondita ponto
Libera wittori jam modd collo dedit.
Euphrates Ortus, Rhenus * incluſerit arctos,
Oceanus medium wvenit in imperium.
Libera non hoſtem, non paſſa Britannia Regem,
Aeternum noſtro procul orbe jacet.
Felix adverſis, & F eſſa ſecunda,
Communis nobis, & tibi, Ceſar, erit.
Ultima cingebat Tibris tua, Romule, regna :
Hic tibi finis erat, religioſe Numa.
Et tua, Dive, twum ſacrata potemia ceo
Extremum citra conſtitis Oceanum,
At nunc oceawns geminos interluit orbes.
Pars eft imperii, terminus ante fuit,
Mars pater, & notre gemtis tutela "4g
Et magno poſitus Cxſar uterque polo.
Cernitis 5 os Latid (ub lege Britannos,
Sol cutra Hitur umnperium.
Ultima ceſſerunt adoperto clauſtra profunds,
Et jam Romano * cingimur Oceano,
Opponis fruftra rapidum Germania Rhenum,
ates prodeſt nil tibi, Parthe fugax,
Oceanxs jam terga dedit, nec pervins ulli,
Ceſareos faſces, imperiumque tulit.
Ila procul noſtro ſemota, excluſaque c/o,
Alluitur noſtra witta Britannis aqua,
* Semota, & waſto disjuntta Britannia ponto,
Cinfaque inacceſſis borrida littoribus :
Quam pater iwvitis Nerens vallaverit undis,
Quam follax eftu circuit Oceanws.
Brumalem ſortita * plagam : qua frigida ſemper
Py felis Arttos inocciduis.
Conſpettuque two devitia Britannia, Ceſar,
Subd ds infuero colla premenda jugo.
Aſpice, _—_— populos impervia telizs,
. Comp eſt, quod adhuc orbis, & orbis erat,
ledges of Rome, but in a manner of
fide,
forward of t
| :be chief provocation was the obſt inacy
| were exaſperated at a ſaying of the Roman General's ; which
Nations, that never fear'd triumphant R: ze,
Struck with thy thunder, Czfar, are o*recome.
The ſubje&t Ocean does with wonder ſee
Beyond his limits, altars rais'd to thee.
And the laſt borders of the fartheſt land,
Shall ne're contrat the bounds of thy command.
A land now conquer'd, and untouch'd till now,
Crowns with new lawrels thy triumphant brow.
Nations unſeen, and ſcarce believ'd as yet,
To thy victorious yoke their neck ſubmit.
Euphrates th'Eaſt, Rhine clos?d the North before,
The Ocean now's the middle of thy power.
Unus'd to ſerve, unknowing to obey,
The fartheſt Britains, who, in ſilence lay,
Now to their better fortune overcome,
Encreaſe the fame of Czſar, and of Rome.
Thy lands did Tiber, Romulus, incloſe,
And pious Numa was content with thols. _
But you, great Cz/ar, made your heavenly power
Reach to the Ocean from the fartheſt ſhore.
The Ocean too, now ſees new worlds beyond,
And that's the middle, which was once the end.
Mars and Quirinus, whole peculiar care
Victorious Rome, and all her fortunes ar C
And you, great Ceſar's, each a glorious x |
Our laws, you ſee, the fartheſt Bricains own
Our realm's not bounded with the ſetting Sun.
The world's great limits to our arms give way,
And the vaſt Ocean's but the Roman Sea.
In vain you Germains paſs the rapid Rhine,
You Parthians truſt Euphrazes ſtreams in vain;
When th'Ocean tr at the Roman ſword,
And withdue reverence,ownsits conquering Lord.
Britain, excluded from our warmer clime,
Is now ſurrounded with a Roman ſtream;
Whoſe horrid cliffs, unfathom'd ſeas incloſe,
And craggy rocks contemn invading foes.
By- Nepwne's watry arms, with walls ſupplicd,
And ever wet with the inſulting tide.
Where trozen fields eternal winter mourn,
And Stars once riſen, never can return.
By thee, great Cz/ar, with a look 'tis won,
And bears thy yoke, a burden yet unknown.
Thus friends 1n lands impaſſable we find,
" Thus the two worlds are in one Empire joyn'd.
But now to go on in the words of Tacitms. Thus far
Oſtorius went on ſuccesfully, but now bir, fortune began
to turn ;, either becauſe diſcipline began to ſlacken on our
and the wat to be carried on leſs vi ly, as if it
Was now over upon CaraCtacus's removal ; or elſe becauſe
the enemy in compaſſion to ſo great a Prince, were more
—_—_ with revenge. For they ſurrounded the camPp-
maſters, and the Legionary coborts, who were left behind
to build forts in the country of the Silures ; and, if they
had not been timely reſcued by a ſuccour from the caſtles
and villages adjoining, had been utterly cut off. Hows
ever, the C after with eight captains, and all the moſt
common {0 nn n. A while
ter the our foragers to fli alſo a
ſe he Lon a "ber br 3-2 Upon hs ones
ſent out ſome light companies, which yet could not ſtop their
flight, if the Legions had not advanced and received the
enemy. By this ſupply the battle was pretty equal on both
ſides, and at length we had the better of them : The ene.
my got off with a ſmall loſs, for it was now towards
night. After thus they bad ſeveral ckirmiſhes, but =
rally in woods and marſhes, upon the incurſions of the one
or other, exther by accident or deſign and bravery ; ſomes
t1mes to rob and pillage, ſometimes to revenge ; ſometimes
by their officers command, and ſometimes without. But
of the Silures, who
was, that, as the Sugambri were deſtreyed and tranſported
imto Gaule, d the name of the Silures ſhould je
be extinguiſhd, In thi heat, two companies of our auxi-
E ' iliaries,
—— ———...
—
" Romans in Britain.
——
lis
liaries, ſent out raſbly by ſome greedy officers to pillage, were \ ſtitious and cruel rites and ſacrifices there were eſteem? d hel).
intercepted by them ; and they by diſtributing the ſpoil
and priſoners, drew the other nations to a revolt. In ths
poſt ure of affairs Oſtorius dies, being quite ſpent with fa-
tieue and trouble ;, The enemy rejoycd at it, as at the
eath of a General no ways contemptible ;, and the rather,
becauſe though he did not fall in a battle, yet he expir'd
under the burth:n of that war. Sy
Didinus But Calar having advice of the death of bu lieute-
Avitus want, leſt the province ſhould be deſtitute of a governor,
at idi | hither was quick
Proprztor ſent A. Didius to ſucceed, His voyage thit 7
and ſucceſsful, yet be found not things anſwerable there ;
Manlius Valens 24h hs legion m—_ fought the enemy
with great loſs; and they magnified their wittory, 10
daunt the new general : be likewiſe enlarg'd the news of it,
with the ſame policy, that be might "2 the more reputa-
tion if he quieted the preſent troubles ; and might the
eaſier be pardon'd if he did not. The Silures took their
advantage now, and made great incurſions ; till at laſt
they were driven back by D1
Ker. About thas time died Claudius ;, and Nero, who was
mot at all of a warlike temper, ſucceeding him, thought
drawing his forces out of Britain ; and if it had not
een the | Bws to detratt from Claudius's glory that re-
ftrain'd bim, he had certainly recald them. Caracta-
Fenutius, CVS being taken priſoner, Venutius born among the * Ju-
* Force gantes, the moſt experienc'd. ſouldier of the Britains,
Brian; (who bad been long protected by the Romans, and faith-
margin. ful to them during bis marriage with Queen Cartiſman-
dua) now revolrs from us, upon an outfall 2vith ber,
which at laſt grew into an open war. At firſt the quarrel
was betwixt themſelves only ; and Venutius's "at v8 and
relations ere flyly intercepted by Cartiſmandua : This
attion mcens'd them, and with a ſpur of ignominy, that
they ſhould be thus conquer'd by a woman, they moaded
ber kingdom with a ſtrong body of arid and choice youths.
We foreſeeing this, had ſent ſome Cohorts thither to aſſiſt
ber, who began a ſhar ht, which at the firſt was
doubrfal, but at laſt we Fs proſperous on our fide. A
legion alſo commanded by Celſius Naſica came off with as
good ſucceſs. .
For Dzdzms, being pretty old, and much honour d for his
bravery and conduct, thought it ſufficient to manage the
war by his. Officers. What bad been conquer d by his pre-
deceſſors he took care to yy exlarging the extent of his
fromier-gariſons a little, that he might be ſaid to bave
made [ome addition to the old conqueſts. Though theſe
For they thought it lawful to offer the blood of Captives as
ſacrifice y_ their Altars; and to conſult their Gods by
the bowels and fibres of men.
During his attion, news was brought Suetonius of the
ters beirs to him ; thinking by thus reſpeft and complement,
to preſerve bus Kingdom pos fanny from all wrong and
imjury, Which happen'd quite otherwiſe z ſo that bs
Kingdom was made a prey by the captains, and hs beuſe
chief of the Iceni were deprived of their paternal eſtates ;
and thoſe of the Blood-royal treated as the meamſ# [laves.
Upon this inſult, and to prevent worſe, ſince they were
now reauced into a Provmce,the people began to murmur at
ſuch treatments, to confer injuries with one another, and
aggravate every thing by the worſt conſtruction they could
give it, That their patience would only ſignifie thus much ;,
their taking one injury would bring on another, That
heretofore every State had its own King ; but now they
were ſubjetted to two, the Lieutenant and the Procura-
tor ; the firſt of whom preyed upon their blood, the other
upon their eſtates, That eitber the enmity or the ſriend=
vip of their Governors proved equally perniciaws ;, the one
plagwd them with ſoldiers and Officers, the other with
extortion and affronts. That they could be ſafe of nothing,
that eutber luſt or covetouſneſs would recommend 20 1/2 Ro-
mani, That in war, he bad the ſpoil, who had the muſe
courage and bravery to take it ; but that they weve for the
moſt part pillaged by cowards and weaklings. _' That theſe
were the men that bereft them of ther children, and
preſs*d them at their pleaſure for foreign ſervice 5 as if the
Britains could fight for any country but their own. How
many ſoldiers have they trawſporied hither. uf we reckon
our ſelves in compariſon 4 Germany freed u ſelf upon this
conſideration, which has only a river to defend it, and not
an Ocean as we have. Thus they had thewr Country,
wives, and parents to. fight for and iefbinh them ; while
the other had only luxury and avarice. That theſe would
retreat as Julius did, if they would but fallew the bravery
of their Anceſtors. They aug ht not to be diſmay'd at the
ſucceſs of one or two battles ;, and that fiercencſs and re.
ſolution was the effetts of miſery and ill' circumſtances.
That Heaven now ſeemed to compaſſionate their diſtreſs,
things were tranſatted under two Propretors, Oftorius
Se Didius in many years, yet | have given a joint ac-
count of them, leſt the ſtories might be worſe apprebended
by being ſorted,
Perannics To Didits, vin erannius ſucceeded, who after ſome |
Proprztor (7yall incurſions made \into the Country of the Silures, was |
”
d the charafer f a ſevere General in his life time, and |
ſbew'd himſelf} ambitious by his laſt Will, For after much |
flattery to Nero, he added, that if he had but livd two
years longer, he would have conquer*d the whole Province, |
Paulimus Paulinus Suetonius was the next Propretor of Britain ;
4 death hinder*d carrying on the war any farther. He |
a
Þ —ooammacas for his conduct and reputation among the People, (who are |
ever making compariſons) equal to Corbulo, and ambi. | agamſt the Veterans.. For they being newly planted in the
ira the ola Inhabitants as.
from their houſes, and Giſpoſſeſſed them of their lands, call- gm.
Proprztor
tous to come p to bis honour in reducing Armenia, by de-.
feating the rebels bere. He prepares thereſore to iwoade |
Thelſland rhe Tjle of Mona, which was ſtrongly peopled, and had
of Mena. been a conſtant barbour for all fugitives, For this end he
made flat bottom*d weſfels, becauſe the Sea # ſhallow' and
dangerous towards the ſhore there. Thus the foot being
paſs'd over, the borſe folow*d by the ford, or by ſwim-
ing, if the water we" The _ ffood arm'd on
the yo t0 withſtand” them, wery thick and numerous,
with" the women running up and down among them like
furics, in @ mourning dreſs, their hair looſe, and firebrands
|
'
/
Druids. mm their bands ; with the Druids around them, holding
up their hands towards beaven,” with dreadful curſes and
imprecations : this ſtrange fight amaz,d the ſoldiers, who
ſroed ſtock ſtill, as if hs bad loft the uſe of their limbs,
helpleſs and expoſed to rhe enemy But at laſt, encouraged
by their General, and animating one another not to four a
rout of women and frantick people, they diſplay'd their
D on,d:feating ſncb as encounter d them,
| and veating them dywn ſcorch'd and rouling in their own
© Vice al. fires. F206 1 his, they gariſon®d * the towns of the Iſland,
Enſigns and march}
plainly ſignified the ſubverſion of that colony, More
wn their woods, which by reaſon of the ſuper-
the ſea look'd bloody; and in the ebb, dead mens bodies
in abſenting the Roman General, and keeping the Legate
| buſie in another Iſland. That be moſt angerous part of
thes deſign was to debate it, (as they were now doing ;) and
that it 20uld be of worſe conſequence to be diſcovered lay.
ing ſuch a plot, than the very attempt and Execution would
prove,
Being animated with theſe motives, they farthwith take
arms, under the condutt of Boodicia, a Woman of the
rojal family (for the Britains make no diftinflion of ſex,
n points 7 Government ) drawing the Trinobantes ro
revolt with them, and ſuch others as were not yet broken
with the weight of a ſovereign yoke : who all had ſecretly
conſpired to free themſelves, with great [pight and hatred
colony Camalodunum, had.
ing them Slaves and Captrves ; and were encouraged in
this outrage by the young ſoldiers, who by the ſame calling
were in hopes of the ſame licentiouſneſs themſelves, More-
over, the Temple built in b-wur of Divus Claudius, ſeem
ed to them the foundation of a perpetual tyranny, and was
an eye-ſore, and the Prieſts choſen vnder the pretext of re«
ligion to officiate there, ran away with their Whole eſtates.
Beſides, there could be no great difficulty in overthrowing
a Colony which had no br or caſtles to ſupport it 5 and
that our Commanders had been ſo improvident; as to con-
ſalt pleaſure and delight in every thing, rather rhan uſe
and ſervice, While things were in this ferment, the image
Provinces revolt, Prafutagus, Kmg of the Iceni, fa- Proſi
mous for bis treaſure, had made Ceſar and bu two Daugh- *"*
pillaged by the ſlaves. Hws wife * Boodicea, to begin ER |
the Tragedy, was whipp*d, and hu daughter: raviſhed. pou,” |
And, as if the whole was now become lawful booty, the —_
ny
of the Goddeſs of Victory at Camalodunum, without bs ink
any viſible cauſe,” drop*d down, and in the fall turr'd
dowmverd, as if it yielded to the enemy, Stveral Embu.
ſeaſtick women foretold our approaching deſtruttios. Strange
noiſes were heard in their court, a perfett howling in the
theatre, and a ſtrange apparition * in the arm of the ſea, * a
WETYE
14
|
over, T, un
" WY
Romans 1 Britain,
CY WIS WI
_ —— ht. M.A _—_ —_—_—
were the ſhore, which brought great hopes 20 the
_— Te Jeff and C—_— to the Veterans ;
who applied themſelves to their Procurator Catus Decianus,
becau{e Suetonius was far off. He ſent them a ſupply of
two hundred men only, and thoſe ill armed; whereas the
ſoldiers that were in the Colony before were but few, and
rely'd wholly upon the protettion of the Temple, Some «
them that were privy to the Conſpiracy, had blinded the
Colony ſo much in their ceunſels, rhat they had neither made
| |
trench nor ditch to defend themſelves, nor ſo much as ſent
away the old men and the women, reſerving the young
men only ; ſo that living ſupinely, as in a full peace, they
mere ſurpriſed by the barbarous multitude, As for other
things, they were preſently overtbrown by violence, or con-
ſumed with fire ; but the Temple, where the ſoldiers had
fled, was beſieged, and on the ſecond day taken. The Bri-
tains being rhus Conquerors, and meeting Petilius Cerea>
lis, Lieutenant of the ninth Legion, which came to ſuccour
them, reuted the Legion, and put all the foot to the
ſword. Cerealis gut off with the borſe, and retreated to
his camp, where hg defended himſelf, Catus the Procura-
tar was (0 daunted at this cuerthrow, and 1/7 general 0-
dium of the Province (which was thus embroiled by &ys
auarice,) that be ſail d into Gaul,
Suetonius bowever, with prodigions conſtancy and re-
ſolution, marched through the midjt of the enemies Coune
try to London, which was not honoured with the name
*Fr com- of a Colony, but famous for concourſy of merchants and
mea'u, ®* proviſions, Being come thither, be contd bardly reſolve
$1149 0omr. -
m6#1 w1/7h whether to make that the ſeat of the war or not ; but
con idering bis want of ſoldiers, and how much Petiiius
bad ſuffered for his raſimeſs, be determined at laſt to ſacri
fice rhis one rown to the ſafety of the reſt. Find not re-
lenting to the ſighs and tears of them that ſought his aid
and pretettion, be gave orders to march on, receiving
ſuch as followed him into his army. Thoſe, who by weak-
ne/ of ſex or age were (fay'd bebind, or a by the
p a Long of the place to remain there, were deſtroyed by
the enemy. The town of Verulam was overtbrown like.
*Prafui. Wiſe , for the barbarians omitting the forts * and caſtles,
iſa; mili- pillaged the richeſt places firſt, F and after they had car-
rpjm,.. ried off the ſpoil, went on eagerly for booty, to the more
twits. eminent places, It appear'd that ſeventy thouſand citi-
y S600 zens aud confederates were ſlain up and down in theſe
extum, a- Placel, They would not ſell captives, give quarter, or
hu de- prattiſe w—_— to the Laws of war ; but kill, bang,
ns nts. burn, crucifie, by way of retaliation upon their enemies ;
all that in ſuch haſte, as if they foreſaw they muſt
ſpeedily ſmart for it.
Suetonius having with bim the fourteenth Legion,
with the Standard-bearers f the twentieth, and ſome ſup-
plies from the places thereabouts, almoſt to the number of
ten thouſand fighting men, reſolved without more ado to
engage them; and to thu purpoſe encamps his Army in a
Place acce able by @ narrow lane oy , being fenced in the
rear by a waod ; as Joſe be ſhould bawve no Enemy but on
the front, and that the plain was open, ſo that there would
be no danger of Ambuſcades in it. He drew —_ Legion
cloſe together in the middle, with the light ſoldiers on both
ſides, and the horſe as the two wings about them, The
Britains went ſhouting and ſwarming up and 'down in
ſuch vaſt numbers as never befure were ſeen, ſo fierce
and confident of vittory, that their Wives were brought a-
long with them, and placed in carts in the outmoſt part o
the plain, to ſee it, Boodicia, with ber Daughters by
her in a chariot, went abcut to the ſeveral Nations, { for
it was not unuſual among the Britgins to go to war under
the condutt of a woman ) aſſaring them that (he ent net
as one my þ deſcended to 4 - ap
bt for Empire or riches, but
as one cf the common pe or freedom and liberty, to
—_— the ſtripes they had gruen ber, and the diſhoncur
they bad dene her daughters. That now the Roman luſt
bad grown ſo exorbitant and unruly, that they left none,
neither old nor young, unraviſhed, That God”s juſt re-
wenge would eyer read upon the heel: of wickedneſs. That
Pit (16d
COMM
1,
.
off; that the reſt bad either kept themſelves in their camp,
3
cr fled for ſafity. That they ceuld not endure the very buzz a
and clamour of ſo many thouſands; how much Iſs could
they bear their force and onſet? If they would but confi.
der buth armies, and the cauſe cf war on hoth ſides, 7
wculd either reſolve to conqucr in that battle, or to dye
Wok
the Legion which bed dared to fight them was already cut | *
ber reſalueion; bus rhe men; if rhey pleas'd, might lþve
and be ſlaves, | | p
Suetonius at was not filent in ſo great danger + for
| though be relied upon the walouy of bis men, _ wired
it with exhortations, ſuggeſting that the * clarwir and Sorores, u
vain threatnings of the Barbarians were contemptible ;, lim Sou-
f | that there were more 120men than young men amonp them "©
that being uwwarlike and itt armed, they would no fcency
feel their ſwords, which bad fo often conquer d then, bus
they would preſently fly; that im an Army of nany Legions
a few would gain the victory, and that their glory woul 4
be ſo much the greater, if ſo few of them did the work of
a whole Army; that his advice was, they ſhould fits
thick, and _ they bad diſcharged their darts, they
ſhould comtinue the (laughter with their pikes and ſwords,
and not beed the booty ; all that would be the conſequence
of their wvittory. The Soldiers were fo forward and" cou
_ upon this ſpeech, and the veterans betook them.
ſeues ſo readily to their darts, that Suetonius, 2 #t9 aſ-
ſurance of the event, gave the fignal. And firit of alt
the Legion, mot ſtirring, but keeping within the ſtrait,
( which was of great p, inven fo them ) till the Enemy |
bad ſpent their darts, ſaltied out in * a wedge upon them, Ciuncis-
The Auxiliaries gave them the like ſhock; and the Herfe
breaking at laſt upon the Enemy, rented all-in their way
that conll1 make bead againſt them. The reft fled, but
with preat difficulty, for the paſſes were blocked up by the
Wag gons quite reund, The Scldiers gave 10 quarier, 108
{o much as to the women, which, with thz berſes that were
ſlain, encreas'd the beaps of carcaſſes along the field. Thas
Victory was very eminent, and the glory f it not inferior
to thoſe of old times : for by the report of ſome, there were
ſlain not many fewer than fourſcore thouſand Britams
whereas We bf but four hundred, and not many more
wewnnded, Boodicia poiſoned her ſelf, And Poeius Poſt.
humus, Camp-waſter of the ſecond Legion, upon the news
of the ſucceſs and victory of rhe fourteenth and twentieth
Legions, ( having deprived his Legion of @ ſhare in that
elory, and contrary to diſcipline and order diſobey'd the
commands of his General ) ft ad himſelf.
After a general muſter and review of his army, Sue-
tonius took the field again, to put an end to this war, And
Ceſar reinfore'd him with a ſupply of 130 thouſand Le-
gionaries from Germany, and with eight auxiliary coborts,
and a thouſand horſe, by which the ninth Legion was
compleated. Theſe coborts and fome others were ſent into
new winter-quarters ; and the country, that was either
enemy or neutral, was waſted with fire and ſword, But
nothing was a ſharper affiittion to the Britams at thus time,
than famine; for during this uproar, they had negletted to
till the ground, and giving themſelves wholly to proſecute
the war, bad depended upon our proviſims. Thoſe na»
tions which were yet unconquer' d were the more averſe to
treaty, upon the news of a' difference between Suetonius
and the new Procurator Julius Claflicianusy ſent to ſucceed
Catus z which was very preſudicial to the publick intereſt.
He had ſpread a report, that a new Liemenant was to be
expected, who, without the rancour of an enemy, or the
haughtineſs of a conqueror, would treat ſuch as yeilded
themſehves with favour and clemency. Herwrit ro Rome
likewiſe, that there 20as no end tq be expected of that war,
till Sugtonius was ſucceeded by ſome one elſe + imputing all
miſcarriages to bis perverſe conduit; but whatſoever was
proſperous and lucky, that be attributed tothe good fortune
of the Commonwealth,
Upon this acceunt Policlctus, ome of the Emperor”s Li.
berti, was ſent into Britain, to ſee the ſtate of affairs
there 5 Nero hoping that the difference might be compoſed
between the Lieutenant and the Precurator by his authortty,
and the rebellious Barbarians 2wmm over to a peace, Poly-
cletus took care to ſhew his ſtate and grandeur to Iraly and
Gaul, by a great train and retinue, and likewiſe to appear
to the armies here ut bes arrival. Tow mads
him ridiculous to the enemy, who being then in the full
emoyment of their liberty, knew not what the power of a
Freeman was ; and thought it ſtrange that a General , , , ,.;
| and bes army, after ſuch preat exploits, could thus be
ſubjeth to a ſlave, However, every thing was related as
fair as could be to the Emperour, And Suezonius, who
was then employ'd in —_— one buſineſs or other, bas '
ving loſt ſome few gallies on the ſhore, and the men m
them, was commanded ( as theugh the war continued )
7. Claſi-
(14Nths
nit. That for ber part, who Was vt « woman, ths ms)
to deliver up by O—__ ro Petronius 'Tyrpilianus,
2 | Wis
ly Romans 1m. Britain.
— Penionivs ayþ bad juſt before been Con(ul. He neither troubled the | engagements, as at laſt far?d out of dangerons CIYCuTM..
= 2g enemy, nor was troubled by them: ;, calling this lazy and un- | ſtances by our forces, However the Kingdom fell to Ve-
attive courſe by the honourable name of a real peace: And | nuſius, and the War to us.
thus having quieted the former brols without advancing | Now, white Mutianus govern'd the City under Veſpa- Veſpiii
T'rehe!!ivs phe conqueſt, he deliver'd rhe Province to Trebellius | ſian, Fulins Agricols, bo had declar'd for Veſpaſian, j5* tn
rarogeee Maximus: and as a perſon of great integrity and alour, Was Julivs a.
He was of an unattive _ and unexperiencd in | made Commander of the twentieth legion in Britain, which oo q
war-affairs; and ſo governd the Province after as. ſoft a | had declin'd the Oath for a long time ; and there he heard © © ©
manner as he could. Now the barbarous Britains began | that his predeceſſor had carried him/elf ſeditiouſly. Fer
to If tainted, avd to yeild to the charms of wice; dels that legion had run a-head, and became formidable even
civil wars of the Empire was a fair excuſe for the remiſ- | to the Conſular Legats. The Pretorian Legat was not able
neſs of the Liewtewant : but the ſoldiers grew mutinons; | to rule them, but whether through his own ill diſpcſitions,
for being formerly inured to labour and Jifeopline the pre- | or thoſe of the ſouldiers ,is uncertain. Thus being appointed
ſemt peace and dleneſs made them wanton and baughty, | to ſucceed him, and to pwniſh them, be took ſuch an ad-
Trebellins grew odious and contemptible to bis army by | mirable mean, as to ſeem rather to have found them du-
his baſeneſs and avarice. Their indignation at him was | tiful, than to have made them ſv. And though Vectius
the more enflam'd by Roſcius Czlius, Lieutenant of the | Bolanus was then Lieutenant here, and govern d more
twentieth Legion, who was formerly out with him; and | mildly than was fit for ſo fierce a Province ; yet Agricota
now, by reaſon of the coil wars, more than ever, Tre- | laid a reſtraint upon himſelf, and ſmother*d the heat of
bellius charg*d Czlius with all the mutinies and neglett | his own temper, that it might not increaſe and grow Vi-
of diſcipline in the Army ; and Czlius him, with the ruine | ſible ; knowing very well the neceſſity of complaiſance, and
and bepgery of the Legions. During theſe quarrels and | of mixing his (7 t with his honour.
content ions, all ſenſe w & and deference was loſt intle | But when FR, with the reſt of the world had
Army. At laſt the diſorder was ſo great, that 'Trebellius, | gain'd Britam alſo, he ſent great Captains and brave
being deſerted by the wings of bus Army, and the cohorts | Armies bere ; and the enemies hopes were abated, Peti- Piling
ho went over to Cxlius, and laſtly reviled and affromed | lius Cerialis enter'd the country of the Brigantes with -- ey 3,
by the Auxiliaries, was forced to fly tro Vitellius. Not- | great terrour, peſeſs4 by the moſt numerons people of this * proce, f
withſt anding, the abſence and removal of the Conſular Lieu- | Province ; to 2whom be gave many, and ſome of them
tenant, the Province continued quiet and peaceable; go. | very bloody defeats ,, and indeed either ſpoid or con-
vern'd by the Lieutenants of the particular Legwns, all of | quer'd the greateſt part of their country. Thus Ceraalis
equal authority ; though Czlius's boldneſs gain'd him more | ſeem'd to have eclipſed the fame and condutt of any that
ſway than the reſt. could come after bim ; when Julius Frontinos, 4 great 1ifus |
| During the civil war betwcen Galbaz Otho, and Vi- | man, and as eminent as could be after ſuch a predeceſſer, on —_—_—
reetirs tellius, VeCtius Bolanus was ſent by Vitellius to ſacceed | ſucceeded ro the ſame charge with like Il He _ |
ilures : where
——— ——_— —_——_
| ys |
OOO YT OAT ET HE ed es DF 27 99 RN GIA CIR A UK os eo + 9G
_—_———_—_ . = no nn
Þ. #pr as9r, Him. He made no reformation of diſcipline, was as little | dued the ſtrong and warlike nation of the
troubleſeme to the enemy as his predeceſſor, and as care. | be had mt only a ſtent enemy, but great difficulties alſ>
T of the licentiouſneſs of his army : only thas difference | from the fituation and nature of the conntyy, to cope with.
rbere was, that Bolanus was inmcent and ae 9-96 crimes | In this ftate was Britain, and in 1his poſtare was the war,
which might make him odious ; ſo that inftead of awe and | when Agricola was ſent over in the middle of ſummer.
authority, he had gain'd the love of his Army, And al. | Our fruldiers minds and hopes were bent upon reſt, and an
though Vitellius /enr for ſome ſupplies out of Britain, yet | end of the way for that year ; and the enemy intent upon
Bolanus deferred it, upon a pretence that Britain was not | a fair opportunity to begin zt, The Ordovices, 4 /ittle
ſo well quieted as to admit. is. But ſoon after, the great | before the arrival of Agricola, had almoſt entirely routed
c/tcem of Veſpaſian in this Province gnduc'd Britain to de-| a wing of ours that was quartered in the frontiers of their
clare for him; for be bad commanded the ſecond Legion | country ; and by this means the whole Province was ready
here under Claudius, and was eminent for his bravery | to briak ont, all approving the example, either as deſirous
and condutt, Tet this revolt was not without oppoſition of war, 0r to ſee 4 mind and worth of the new Lieute-
from the other Legions ; in which many Captains and | nant.
ſoldiers being advanc'd by Vitellius, were wery loth ro] Agricola, though the ſummer was almoſt over, and
change a Prince who 2as ſo well known among them. The chaps bu fonldiers lay diſpersd up and down the Pro-
ſoldiers of the fourteenth Legion, cald the querors | vince, expettmg no farther trouble for that year (all which
of Britain, ( being remov'd from hence to the Caſpian | retarded and croſs'd bu expedition ; ) and though ſome
127 by Nero, and after, as they fided with Ortho, de. | thought it more adviſable to ſecure fuch places as were
feated) were ſent into Britain again by Vitellius, but re. | ſuſpiciens : yet he reſobves to foreſtall theſe dangers ; and
cal" d by Mutianus. having draws together the Enfigns of the Legions, and a
During this civil war, there was m0 mutinies in the | pretty good body of Auxiliaries, and fmding the Ordo. 2
Britiſh army. end indeed in all the civil wars of the | vices nor come down into rhe plains, be drew up his
Empire, the troops there were more peaceable and quiet than | men, and put m_ at the bead of them ; that by ex.
in any other provinces : perhaps thesr diſt ance and ſepara- | poſing himſelf a-like in er, be might make them
tion from the reſt cf the world by the oceam, might cauſe | equally couragious. Having almoſt cut + this whole na-
is x or paſinh by the many expeditions they had made, they | tion, and knowing he muſt puſh on to gain a reputation,
mugit the leſs reliſh the entertainment of an enemy. Ter | and that every thing hereafter would fall gs 20
by theſe publick diſſentions, end the frequent news of them, | the event of fA firſt atFons : be determines likewiſe with.
1he Britains upon \enuſivs's inſtigation,began to think how | out more ado ro make himſelf maſter of the Iſle of Mona ; The !'al
they might lake off tbe yoke of that Empire : for befides | which, as T have already faid, would have been conquer d 0%
a fierce heady temper that was natural to bim, and a hatred | by Paulitus, if 'a revo the whole Province had not
ro the Romans, he was ſpurr'd on in. ths attempt by a pe-| prevemed him. But th being not laid before, they
culiar ſpight at his Queen Cartiſmandua. Cart;ſman- | waned ne the expedition ; which notwith/tandings
" dua gevern'd the Brigantes, nobly deſcended, and more | were fupplied by the comtrivance and reſolution of the Ge
powerful than ever, ſince ſhe bad treacherouſly taken Kj . He commanded a choice body of auxiliaries, who
Carattacns, and done Claudins Ceſar a kind of Rees, were well acquainted with thoſe ſhallowes, and, by the cu.
by preſenting him to that Emperer ; for that famous ſhew | tom of their native country, able in ſwimming to govern
of Carait acus to the people was a ſort of gps From | themſelves, their horſes, and their arms at the ſame time,
rence grew riches, and from them luxury ; ſo that deſpifing | ro throw aſide their luggage, and 'march over ſuddenly.
her husband Venuſius, and having intercepted bu relati. | Which was ſo effettually done, that the enemy, who expected
Ons, ſhe made Vellocatus, ber hbusband"s armour+bearer, | a fleet, and were thinking of the ſhips and the ſea that
partner of” her bed and throne : The Royal family was | muſt be firſt paſ#d ; were ſurpriſed and daunted, as ſu
foon ſhaken with thus wickedneſs ; the city adbering tothe | poſmmg nothing conld be hard or invincible to men that be.
hinvand, and the _ luſt and cruelty to the adulterer, | gan a war with ſuch reſolution. Thus a peace was ſought,
Venulius 7herefore ing drawn in all the aſſiſtance be | the Iſland ſurrender*d, and Agricola became great and
cauld , and joyn'd the Brigantes, (who themſelves bad | famous ; as having upon bu firſt entrance, a time uſually
revolred ts him) reduc'd her to the laſt extremities. She ſpent in oftentation and ceremony, cncoumter*d ſo much toil
appiied ver ſelf to the Romans for relief, and after many and hazard with ſuch ſucceſs. ;
& Hows
N
vu
_ — OO
Romans 1m. Britain;
—_——
lyiii
Titus Emp
paxrvr.
famuy, 4 thing ne leſs difficult to ſome, than to govern a
However, Agricola (net growing Vain upon the ſucceſs) | the Gamls ; ſo that they, who but lately deſpiſedthe Roman
would not allow thu to be a Vittory or Expedition, which |
was only to keep thoſe order who were formerly ſubdued : |
with lawel.. Bus by this endeavour to conceal bu plory,
he really nuade it the more eminent ; every owe thinking
what ſtrong preſumptions he muſt have of large perfor-
mances bereafter, « 6ganre daminiſl and leſſen the preat-
we/7 of thus afion, Now knowing the diſpofition and
temper of bus Province, aud being taught by the ſad ex-
perience of others, that affairs would never be ſettled by
fighting, while wrongs aud injuries were permitted ; be
reſolves in the next place to cut off the cauſe of war : and
to begin at bimfelf firſt, he made @ reformation of bis own
Province, He committed no publick buſineſs to the ma-
_—_ of his ſervants or bis freemen ; He would never
vance he ſonldiers upon private and particular ends, nor
upon the recommendation and interceſſion of any Captain ;
but would ſtill raiſe the beſt, taking it for granted that
ſuch would be moſt faithful, He had an eye upon every
thing, but would not rigorouſly exatt performance. As for
{mall faults, he would parden them ; but would ſeverely cor-
rect thoſe that were hainous. However, puniſhment was not
a/ways inflicted by bim ; often the repentance of the offender
was took for the effer.ce : chuſing rather not to prefer ſuch
as were like to offend, than to have them condemn? d
for it. He made the payment of corn and tribute which
was impoſed, more eaſie and tolerable by laying it on e-
quali; , and cutting off the exattions, which were a preater
grievance than the tribute it ſelf. For the people were
compeli'd before to wait the opening of the publick Grana-
res, and buth to buy and ſeil their 0wn corn after the rate
ſet ro them. The Purveyors alſo would command them to
carry it about, aud into far diſtant places; ſo that the
Country ſhould ſometimes carry from the neart} Camps to
thoſe which were far off and out of the way ; till, 19 the
particular gain of theſe, every place compounded for car-
rying where it might moſt conveniently. By a redreſs f
theſe grievances m the firſt year of bu Lieut L
broug bt peace into ſome credit, which by the negle&# or con.
nivauce of bu predeceſſors, was little leſs odjous than war
# ſelf.
Veſpaſian dy'd now abouts 5 who upon theſe vi-
Aories, and his own perſonal valor under Claudze, is
thus addiefs'd to by Yalerius Flacows ;
_ — Twque 0 Pelagi qui major aperti
Fama, C F*..x —_—_ LS wVexit |
Oceanus, Phrygios prius indignatus Iulos.
—O you, whole glorious reign
Can boaſt new triumphs o're the conquer'd main,
Since your bold navy paſsd the Britiſh Sea
That tcorn'd the C/ars, and the Rowan ſway.
IFhen Ticus, 2vbo was the love of the world, ſucceed.
ed bus Father ; Agricola, as ſoon as the Summer came on,
drew his Army together : thoſe who in their march behaved
themſelves modeſtly, he commended ; but thoſe ho went
looſe and ftragling were reprimanded by bim. © He ahvays
choſe the place of encampment himſelf, and would” ftill try
the friubs and thickets firſt in perſon; and that by
own territories might not be pul ed by the enemies, he
would never give them quiet or leiſure, by reaſon of bus
own excurſions ; "and then, when hethought he had ſuffici-
ently alarmi'd them, he would give over, that they might
again taſt the happineſs of peace. By theſe means, many
Cities, which lid upon equal terms till that time, gave
boſtages, and ſubmitted themſerves ; receiving our gari-
ſons, and permitting ws to build caſtles among them ;
which he performed with that care and prudence, that
theſe were the only new forts in Britain that were never
attempted afterwards.
The following winter was ſpent in @ wiſe projet, For
whereas the Britains lid after a rude ſtragling manner,
and therefore ready to break ont into open war upon every
occaſim; that by pleaſures be might indnce them to reſt
and quizsneſs, he exhorted them privately and publickly
aſſiſt ed thorn to build Temples, places of publick reſort, and
fine bouſes ;, thoſe that were forward, he commended 1, but
thoſe who were ſlow and backward, be reproved. And
thus the honor of being hus favorite, impoſed a kind of
neceſſity upon them. Moreover, be took care to have Noe-
ble mens ſons brought up in the knowledge © ** {oval
- _—
Language, did now affeit-and /tudy the graces of it. From
name
ſelf ;
that time
be would not. ſo much as ſuffer the news are morgy yrs
alſo our modes and dreſſes became in*requej#.a- -
them, and the * Gown commonly were-. Toms by + Toga.
degrees they came at laſt to:thoſe excitements ro debauchery,
Portico's, Baths, and Banquets; which went by the
eelneſs among the ignorant, when they were
indeed but badges of their yoke and bondage,
In the chird horrf
Countreys, waſting all along
Taus, for fed
the enemy, that, though our army 1gas ſadly barraſſed with % +:
i=l weather, yet they durſt mt give w battle ; beſeder, he
bad leiſure to build forts and Caſtles where he pleaſed. lt
bas been obſerved by the thilful m-theſe arts, that no Cap-
tain what [veer has choſe out places more to advantage than
be did ; nocaſtle of his raiſing was ever taken by ferce,
ſurrender” d upon terms, on quitred as uncapable of defence.
Their [allies were frequent, and they were aways prepar'd
with a year's proviſion againſt long (ieges. Thus 1e win-
ter'd there without fear, each one being able to defend i:
gear cf bu wars here, be diſcovered new
as be marched to the wery
that ws the eſt uary*s name ;, which ſo terrified ,7:61c-i-
which diſappoimed the enemy, and made them d--
ſpair. For, as formerly they would regain in winter what
tbey loſt in ſummur, they were now worſted alike in bot
ſeaſons,
In all theſe attions, Agricola would never rob
another of the honor due to him, but let him be Captain :
or whatever other Officer, be would faithfully atteſt th:
bravery of the Attion, © Some have counted him too ſharp
and bitter in bus reproofs ; . and it muſt be granted, that
as be
was affable and courteoxs to the good, ſo was he mo-
roſe to the bad, But then anger never continued longer
than the reprebenſion laſted. If he paſi'd a thing by
witbout notice, there was m fear upon that accomt » for
he thought it more excuſable, even to commit the offence,
thau to bate an offender.
The fourth ſummer was ſpent in ſetling what he had
already overrun ; and if the valor
and the
it, they
of his aymies
the Roman Empire could have permitted
glory f
needed not have ſought any other borndory 1 Britarn.
arts ; preferring the parts of the Brizair” » je of
Glota and Bodotria (the two arms of oppoſite ſeas, 21hich
ſhoot into the Country) are parted by a narrow ſtrip of
land only, which was then ſecured by cur gariſens : ſo that
the Romans were maſters of all on this ſide, having pens
ap the as it were within another I[land.
In the fifth year of this war, Agricola firſt took ſhipping,
and ſail d over to certain nations never- before known of ;
which after many 0 1950 encounters he ſubdued , and
then put gariſons into thoſe parts of Britain which lie t0-
wards Ireland, more out of hopes than out of fear, Fur
Ireland being ſituated between Spain 4a#d Britain, nd ;,.;,.v,
lying convenient for the French Sea, would with man;
other advantages have united thoſe mighty member} of the
Empire. As for its bigneſs, *tis leſs than Britain, bu:
larger than the Iſlands of our ſea, The ſoil, the tempera-
ture of the air, the nature and manners of the people, are
not much different from the Britiſh. The ports and ha.
wvens are better known, by reaſon of more trade and com-
merce. Agricola had formerly received a Prince of that
country, - drrven out by civil wars; and under 'pretenc?
of friendſhip had kept him for a fair occaſion.” I have
often heard bim ſay, that with one legion and ſome few
auxiliaries, Ireland might be conquer'd and reteind ; and
that it would be of great import and conſequence? to cur
intereſt in Britain, if the Roman forces were on all hand;
and liberty as it were baniſh'd out of ſight.
Abour this time dy'd Titzs, who for theſe exploits
of Agricola, was faluted Emperor fifteen times, as
Xiphulin tells us,and as 'tis manifeſt from an old coin.
Under Domitian, Agricola in the ſixth oy of bus Lieutc-
, being apprehenſroe of a genera
thoſe large cities, and remote countries beyond Bodotria,
and that his march would be made very trouolefome by the ,
bavens of the large country beyond it. This Agricola was
the firſt that bar d bs land army by a fizet ; and
what was very great, that brought war upen them both
by land and ſea, Oftentimes it happend that the troopers,
the foot ſoldiers, and the ſeamen word meet aud make
merry together in the ſame camp ; eac2 one magniſying b1s
own feats and adventures, and making their vaunts ar: 1
compariſons ſouldier-like, the one of the woods and v:2
mountains, the other of the dangers of the waves and tem-
peſts. The one valuing himſelf npon the land and the
e727
mſaurcettion ® in * tmp's
Cry:ta:.
al. Am-
las (195;9
» ſent out a fleet that ſummer to try the creeks an tate:
A A Ee tet
LC arts - -
—_—_ Le Ed,
Romans 1m Þritarm.
Bi i-4in
$11.
10and,
enemy, the other upon the ſea it ſelf ſubdued by bim. The
Britains (as we underſtood by the priſoners) were amaz'd
and daunted at the fer of this fleet, confulering that if
coV
once their ſea was diſcover d and navigable, all retreat
and refuge would be cut off, Whereupon the Caledonians,
with preat preparation, but (as *tis always with things
unknown) .not ſo great as reported, broke out into open
war, and aſſaulted our caſtles ; that by being aggreſſor
they might diſcourage us : ſo that ſome poor ſpirits on our
fide, under ſhew of prudence, advis'd Agricola to retire
on this fide Bodotria, and rather make a voluntary re-
treat than a ford one, In the mean time, we bad advice
that the enemy's deſign was to divide and attack us in ma-
ny places at once. Whereupon, leſt he ſhould lie under
Lfdomregs by the number of the enemy and their know-
ledge of the country, he likewiſe divided bu army into
three bodies, They baving mtelligence FE the, mma
rook another courſe, and m one entire body fell all upon our
ninth legiea, as being the weakeſt ; and between ſleep and
fear in the night, cut off our centinels, and broke inamong
them, Thus the batile began im the very camp, when
Agricola having feund out the enemies march by bu ſcouts,
traces them, and ſends in the lighteſt of hus borſe and foot
upon their backs, which were ſeconded with the buz%a"s
of the whole army, and the appearance of their colours,
towards break of day. The danger on all (ides terrif*d
the Britains, and the Romans taking heart at it, and
knowing there could be no danger, fought now for honour.
They gave them a freſh onſet , and after a ſharp diſpute at
the very gates, put them tothe rout ; while both our armies
were contendmg, the one to come np timely with their
aſſiſtance, the other not to ſeem to need it. If the fens and
woods bad not protected the enemy in this flight, they had
been utterly conquered, Upon thus conſtancy, and the news
of our wvittory, the whole army grew ſo reſolute, that they
thought nothing invincible to them ;, they clamour'd to be
led imo Caledonia, and to fight their way through to the
remoteſt part of Britain, Thus they, who were but juſt
now requiring wary condu#t, are forward and bluſtering
when the event ® fern And this «s always the caſe in
war ; every one claims a ſhare in that which « ſucceſsful,
but mufortunes are always imputed ro one ſingle perſon.
However, the Britains attributing all this to good luck
and the condutt of the General, and not to any walour mm
them, were nor at-all dejetted, but went on to arm their
young men, to convey their wives and children into ſafe
places, and by aſſemblies and Religious rites to eſtabliſh a
73 fr Ke among them. And thus both armies left the
field in great heat.
T his ſummer, a Cohort of Uſipians, rais'd in Germany,
and ſent over into Britain, undertook a very ſtrange and
memonable adventure. Having kill'd their Captain and
ſome Soldiers that were iſpersd among them to 4 them
bow to exerciſe, they fled and embark'd themſelves in
three veſſels, compelling the maſters to carry them off ; but
only oe of them doing bis duty, the other rwo were ſlain
upon ſuſpicion : and this ſtrange kind of voyage (the fat
bing not yet noie'd) was much admird. Afterward
being toſs d up and down, and falling upon ſome Britains
that oppos'd them in their own defence, often victorious
and ſometimes baffled, they came to that pinch for want
iſion at long run, that they eat one another ; firſt
of all the weakeſt, and after that as the lot fell. Thus
aving fioated round Brutain, and loſt their ſhip in con.
cluſim for want of skull in ſailing, they were taken firſt by
the Suevians, and then by the Fritians, for pirates. Some
of them being bought by the merchants, and by change of
maſters breught to our ſide of the river, grew famous
upon the acccunt they gave of this adventure.
In the beginning of the ſummer, a great misfortune be.
fel Agricola in his own family ; for be loſt bis ſon, who
was about a year old. His carriage under this afflittion was
neither vain-gloricus, (like ſome great men's inthoſe caſes)
nr on the other hand ſoft and effeminate. Among other
conſolations to divyt vim from this ſorrow, be made war
ene. Hiving therefore ſent his fleet before, (which by
making a deſcent here and there might render the conſter.
nation greater and mire uncertain) be prepat*d and fol.
low'd him{elf with the army, to which he bad added ſome
of tbe (Fouteſt Britains, [uco as after the teſt of a lon
af, bave made peace. Children and relations
intent nothing now but revenge and ſlavery
x5. —— up their whole power ; 2
at laſt ſenſible that a common danger muſt be fenc'd Fl
confederacy and union, About thirty thouſand arm'd men
were now reckon'd in the field, bei
ſoldiers, and ſtill retain'd the thars
commander, as the multitude was eager to be engaged, is
ſaid to have made this ſpeech to them.
When I conſider tbe cauſe of this war, and our preſent
neceſſity, I have great reaſon to preſume, that this day,
with this unanimous reſolution of yours, will give a
happy beginning to the freedom of the whole Ihand We
have liv'd thus long in the full enjoyment of our liberty :
and now there's no other Country this, nor indeed
ſea to ſecure us ; while the Roman navy can thus hover
upon our coaſts : ſo that arms and fighting, as bonowr will
recommend them to men of wvalour, ſo will ſelf-preſerva-
tion to the worſt and moſt cowardly of us at this time.
The battles heretofore which with various ſucceſs have
been fought againſt the Romans, have always rely d upon
our bravery, and expected a turn from it, For we arethe
very flower of the Britains, and therefore ſeated in the moſt
inward parts of the Country without the ken of thoſe Nati»
ons enſlav'd by the enemy, ſo that our eyes are yet un-
polluted and free from the contagion of foreign tyranny.
There's no country farther on this ſide of it, nor liberty ou
that ; this corner, which has been hitherto unknown to fame,
hath hitherto preſerved us. Now the remoteſt part of Bri.
tain lyes open to them, and people think every thing great
and magnificent that's PP and unknown, Beyond us
there's no country, wothing but waves and rocks; *the
land imward « all under the Roman Vaſſalage already. Ta
in vain to curry favour with them by addreſs and [ubmi|-
ſion; their pride and baughtineſs s not to be thas laid, who
lands, and want more, ſet ſail and rummage the wide
ocean to find them, Where the enemy « rich, there the
prize u wealth; where poor, "tus ambition : neither the Eaſt
nor the Weſt bave ſufficed them: theſe, and theſe only,
cover and gape after the wealth and poverty of the whole
World, with equal appetite and pleaſure. Spoil, murder,
pillage, Paſſes with them under f > alſe names of Govern=
ment ; where they make ſolitude, there they think they
by nature are
tender and dear to'every one ;, yet they preſs them, they be-
reave us of them to make them ſlaves m forergn Countries,
Our wives and ſiſters, if they eſcape raviſhing in a violent
and hoſtile manner, yet under the name of gueſts and
friendſhip they are certainly debauch'd by rhem, Our goods
fortunes become theirs by the name of tribute, and
our corn by that f proviſion, Our bodies and hands are
pur by them to the drudgery of paving bogs and woods,
with a thouſand ſtripes and indignities to boot. Thoſe who
are naturally born ſlaves, are but once ſold, and then main-
tain'd at the owner's coit : but this Iſle of Britain daily
purchaſes, daily feeds and maintains its own bondage at
its own charge. And, as in a private family the latt co.
mer u ever the mo#t ſcouted by bus fellow-ſeryants; (0 in
this old bondage of the World, we ( who ſhall be the la
and the wileſt ſlaves in the univerſe ) are now to be de
ſtroyed, if they can do it. Far we have no fields to culti-
vate, neither mines nor bavens to be employed in ; and
therefore to what purpoſe ſhould they let us [3047 Beſides,
the courage and reſolution of the conquer'd is never grate-
ful to the conquerour. And this diſtance and privacy it
ſelf, as it makes us ſafe, ſo twill make us the more ſuſpe-
fed. Thus, ſeeing we have nothing to relie upon, let us put
on reſolution ; as well thoſe 2:bo tender their own ſafety, as
they who wal
of the Ryman yoke. We are as yet whole and untcuch*d:
we were born free; Flet ns ſhew thens im the firſt onſet the
bravery of the men they'll meet with on this ſide Caledo-
nia, Do you imagine the courage of the Romans in war
to be every jt as great as their debauchery in peace ? Their
g | glory is all owing to our diſſentions ; the faults of their ene-
es a preat number of
youth, and ry old men who had been oor famons
b
þ
es f their
bravery. Galgacus, both by birth and merit, the chief Gy,
ranſack the univerſe, and when they have plunder'd all :
ue bonour and glory, The Trinobantes, under Tr;
the condutt of a Weman, extirpated one of their Colonies, **
and forced their Caſtles; nay, if ſucceſs bad not ſlacken'd
their diligence, they might have entirely ridded themſelves
+ Theft
T3.
4
111i Ip
«64%
pexce be bad found faithful and march'd to the bill Gram- mies bas been made uſe of te raiſe the reputation of their
pium, were the enemy bad poſted themſelves, For tove| army. As cig+%> Haan fucee(s could gave held tut meaty
Britains without diſmay at the loſs of the Ia? battle, | army of theirs, picks up out of ſo many ſeveral nations, toe
gether s
gether, ſo they would ſoon diſſolve upon @ miſcarriage ; un-/
Romans m Britains,
-
Ixij
6 we can ſuppoſe that the Gauls and Germans, nay, to our
ſhame be it ſpoken, many of our own Countrymen, will lend
their lives 10 eſtabliſh a foreign power, who have yet been
much longer enemies than ſlaves to them, and go on with a
true zeal and affetion for this quarrel. No, this is nothing
bat the effec# of fear and terrour, which are no great mo-
:10es of endearment ; theſe removed, their batred will break
out as their ſear grows cauſleſſs, We have all the motrves
that excite to victory on our fide. The Romans have no
lives to encourage them to ſtand to it, no parents 10 up-
braid them if they run away; they bave either no country
at all many of them, or at leaſt not here to animate them.
Their number is ſo (mail, as they ſtand in fear, gazing at
tbe haven, the ſea, the woods, and every thing ſtrange a-
bout them; that they ſeem pent up here, and deliver*d into
our bands by Providence, Let us not be daunted by the
ſhew they make, by the glare and ſhining of their gold
and ſilver, wich will neither defend them, nor hurt us. We
ſhall find thoſe of our ſide in the very body of the enemy.
The Britains know wvery well *tzs their own game and in-
tereſt : the Gauls are ſtill mindful of their loſt liberty 5 and
the Germans will deſert them, as the Ulipians but lately
did. Beſides thu, there's nothing can put a ſtop tos ; the
Caſtles are emptied, the * Colonies conſiſt but of old men,
and the Cities are in diſcontent and faction, while they un-
willingly obey thoſe who unjuſtly govern them. Tou ſee the
Roman General and army bere before you. Tyoere's the
tributes, mines, and all the plagues and puniſhments that
attend ſlavery : *tis to be tried by this & engagement ,
whether we are to endure them from this moment for ever,
or to ve immediately reveng*d of them, And therefore, ſince
we are now to diſpute this with them, let us think both up.
0n cur anceſtors and our poſterity.
This ſpeech was cheerfully received by the army, who,
after their barbarozs faſhion, ſeconded it with ſongs, accla-
rmations, and ſuch like jargon clamour. And now the
companies began to cloſe, and a great pli(ter to appear from
the pans." ſome of the Tolle +7. _w_ the
army was drawing up ; when Agricola, though he found
his men hearty, and was hardly able to withold them, yet
for their farther encouragement made a ſpeech to them. of-
ter this manner.
This is now the eighth year, Fellow-ſoldiers, that by the
fortune and good providence attending the Reman Empire,
and by your loyalty ana ſervice, we have carryed on the
Conqueſt of Britain with ſucceſs; and that by many exfe-
ditions and encounters, wherein, as the circumſtances requi-
red it, we have ſhewed either walour agaemſt the enemy,
or labour and patience even above nature it ſelf, In ull
theſe, 1 bave bad no reaſon to complain of you for my ſol.
diers;, neither bave you any cauſe to blame the condutt of
your General, We * both exceeded, I have extended
this Conquett more than any other Lieutenant, and you have
done more than any former army. We are not only ſaid
and. imagin'd to be, but we are attually and indeed poſſeſt
Britain, in the utmo#t extent thereof, Britain. 15 now
found and ſubdued by us. In our marches over boggs, bills,
and rivers, when we have been ſpent and weary, how f
ten have. I heard the valiant among us, asking when thi;
enemy would face them, when they would groe them bats
te ? We bavenow unkenne}d them ; we have thens here
before us. We have our wiſhes, and an occafwn to fhew
cur valour. If we win this vittory, every thing will: be
plain and eafie to us; if we loſe it, every thing will prove
croſs and froward, For, as this tedious march, thoſe woods
and eſtuaries we paſſed throagh, is glorious and bunourable
to as while we advance againſt the Enemy; ſo if we run
away, thoſe things which are m_—_ advantage to
us now, will then become moſt fatal and dangerous, Foy
we are not ſo well acquainted with the nature of the coun- |
try as the enemy, nor jo well furniſhed with proviſion; but
we have as many hands, and as good arms, and thereby
may have every thing. For my part, 1 am ſatisfied, that
ro run away can never be [afe, either for a General or his
army, and that to dye in the bed of honour is better and
m:re deſirable, than to live ſcouted and in diſgrace, Be-
ſides, a mans ſafety and honour are inſeparable : And if it
Jhoauld ſo happen, *twill be nu ſmall glory to have dyed in
:he very outmo(f part of the eirth, and in the end of na-
ture, If a new nation, or an unknown enemy, were now
£0 encounter yer, 1 would exhort you by the examples of 0-
your former attions, and put the queſtion to your own eyes.
Theſe are the very men that laſt year fell upon one Legion
of you in the night, and were routed by the mere noiſe and
clamour of us. Theſe are the arranteſ® cowards of th:
whole Iſland, otherwiſe they had not been (0 long alive.
For, as "tis in woods and foreſts, the ſtrongeſt game is net
to be ſtarted but by force j Ne ns the time.
rous and fearful are ſcar d and [coure off preſently upori
the firſt noiſe 5, ſo the beſt and ſtouteft of the Britains we
have already met with, and diſpatcht : what remains is
nothing but a herd of cowardly runnagades. We have now
ar laſt an opportunity to engage them ; but that is nor be-
cauſe they groe it us, but we have overtaken them, as
they ſtand m the height of fear and confuſion, like fccks
before us, ready to preſent us with a memorable and in ea-
fre vittory. Let us put an end, therefore, to this war ;, let
us make this the happy day wherein the fatigue and labour
of the 7 Entbandr after fifty years eontinuance, Was
concluded ; and let your country ſee, that their army here
can neither be charged with prolonging the war, nor flipping
any opportunity to compleat the conqueſt.
Agricola was poing on, when the ſoldiers ſhow'd great
ſigns of their we, wes. and eagerneſs ; and upon the firſt
period gave their applauſe, and immediately ran to their
weapons. So Agricola ſeeing them [uſficiently animated,
drew them up in this order. The auxiliary foot, in all
8000, be ohoced im the middle, and wing'd them with
3000 horſe on each ſide: behind them he drew up the le-
gions before the camp, that the vittory might be the more
glorious by bemng won, if poſſible without the loſs of a Roman;
and that in caſe of neceſſity they might be ready to cſi}
them. The Britiſh army was drawn up upon the hill,ſo as
to ſerve both for ſhew and terror 5 the firſt battalion on
even ground, the next ſtill a degree higher, as the bill af-
| cended. The field berween run with the noiſe of the hore
and chariots ranging up and down there. Apricela, per-
cerving the enemy to be too numerous for him, and feat in
leaſt he ſhould be over-wing'd, and ſo flanPd by them,
ſtretches ont his front, though ſomewhat too thin; inſe-
much that many advis'd him to "_ up the legions. Tet
be being more enclin'd to good hopes than impreſjtons of fear,
alighted from hs horſe without altering, and put himfelf
at the bead of bu foot.
The fight began at ſome diſtance ; wherein the Britains
ſhew'd great art and courage; for with their broad ſwaſh-
ing ſwords and ſhort rare >< they would ſtrike aſide, cr
bear off the darts of their enemies ; aud return great vol.
lies of their own againſt us. Agricola thereupon comman.
ded three cohorts of the Batavians and Tungrians to ad-
T1amcs, and come to handy ſtrokes with them. They were
expert and able at it z whereas the enemy by reaſon of their
little targets and umveildly ſwords, lay under great diſad..
vantage : for the ſwords of the Britains being without
points were unſerviceable m a cloſe fight, or at a diſtance.
Now, @s the Batavians began to loy about them, to ſtrike
at them with the pikes of their bucklers, to puſh them in
the very faces, to make riddance of thoſe that ſfood below,
and to fight their way up the very mountain ; the other co-
s being ſpurr*d up with emulation, fell on likewiſe,
and beat all before them,
dead, or wholly untouch'd, were left behind fer upon
the ſpot. In the mean time, as the horſe began to fiy,
the charivteers mix'd themſelves to fight among the foot ;;
though we were under ſome apprehenſion: yum them in
particular, yes by reaſon of the cloſene(s of their ranks, and
the inequality of" the ground, they prov?*d of no conſequence.
This was not like a horſe-engagement, but cloſe and ſtill,
over-bearing one another with the down-right force and
weight of ihe borſes, Many times the chariots as they run
__ at rovers, and the frighted borſes that had loſf
their riders, and ſcour”d about as their fear guided them,
would over-run their friends that met them, or croſsd their
way. And now, they on the hill that had not been yet en-
gaped, percerving the ſmall number of our army, began
to advance,
and wheel in upon the backs of us: but Apri-
cola having foreſeen that x wt , eaſily repell'd them by
four wings which be had kept as a reſervs upon occaſion 3
and theſe made them grove back preſently, as faſt as they
came forward, So now, thus fn of the Britains was
turn'd themſelves : for the wings were immediately
order'd to leave the front, and wheel abcut upon the backs
of the enemy. Upon thus the ſcene began to be very tra-
ther armies ; but cw ÞI can only prompt you to reflect upon
gical along the plain; one purſuing, another wounding, 4
third
ſo fot, that many half
of en 26h: Heer ils AMIE CREACAET rhs < —— — — KF ow
— NE. DAE _—_— ———— ——
9 » CM re One Ra wr PL. WP. !
. RB R he-
141,45
reads it
R 1211: #-
fir.
t Lsteye,
al. Litare.
* Britain
firit cer-
rainly dil-
covered to
be an
Ifl.nd.
Iiles ot
Ortney.
To —_ — __ wy C——
Romans in Britain.
Ixiy
third taking, and killing that priſoner as ſoon as be could
tihe another. Now whole regiments of the enemy, accord-
ino to their ſever! di[peſitions, though arr d more nu-
merous, fairly turn'd their backs, whilſt others of them
dilarn?d, ran def, perately upon the ſwords of their enemy.
7he while field was nothing now but @ mixt beap <f
ſwords, carcaſſes, mangled limbs and blood ; and ſome-
rimes rage and valour in the laſt gaſp of the conquer'd :
is ſun as the enemy II(rew near the woods, they began to
rally, and cut off the moſt forward of our men, that bad
{ullow?d raſhly, and were unacquainted with the country.
So that if Apricola, who was every where at hand, bad
not ſent out ſome of the beſt and lighteſt ef his cohorts to
ſconr the country, and commanded the horſemen to light
where the woods were thick, and to range them up and
down on borſcback where thin, we might have ſuffer d
conſiderably by thes raſhneſs. But, when they ſaw us united,
and in orderly purſuit of them, they fled again, not in
troops as before, and with an eye upon one another, but
diſper*d and ſftraggling into remote and by-places. At laſt,
night and wearineſs put an end to the chaſe, Of the enemy
ihcre fell to000,of us 340,among whom was Aulus Atticus
Commander of a Cohort, carry'd on too far by the heat of
yeung blood, and the fierceneſs of his horſe. The widtory
and the ſpoil made the night pleaſant to the Conquerors.
But the Britains, wandring up and down the field in a la-
mentable condition, both men and women, ſpent the night
in calling their loſt friends, and carrying off the wounded,
in forſaking and burning their own houſes out of rage and
fury, and in ſhiftmg from one hole to another. Sometimes,
in conſult with one another, and im taking hopes thereupon z
then again, broke with compaſſion, and oftner 97%7
the ſight of their wroes and children. And *tis certain,
that ſome of them laid violent hands upon their own
wives and Children, 10 prevent the more unhumane hand:
of the enemy. The day following ſhew*d the greatneſs of
thas wittory more fully. Every where ſilence and deſolati-
on: no ſtir upon the mountains, the houſes m_— afar
off, and not a ſou! to be met with by our ſcouts, who were
ſent into all parts of the Country, but found that the flip bt
was uncertain, and that the enemy were (catter'd and
diſpersd, Hereupon Agricola, the ſummer being far
ſpent, [o that he could net dijperſe the war, —_ with
bis army mto the Country of the Horeſti, Having re-
cerved boſtages from them, be commanded his Admiral to
ſail round Britain, furniſhing him with all things neceſſary,
and ſent the terror of the Romans before, He himſelf
marched on ſlowly, that by thus delay he might awe bu
nsw conqueſts ; and ſo put bis army into winter quarters.
About the ſame time the fleet, with good ſucceſs and cre
dit, put in at * Trutulenſis, the hawer where it ſet out,
and coaſt ing along the neareſt F ſide of Britain, arrived
again there. * ind then having doubled the point of the
outmoſt ſea, they firſt diſcovered Britain to be an Iſland : |
and at the ſame time found out the Iſles of Orkney, and
ſubdu'd them, which bad been only beard of till that time.
Orolius and ſome others after him, falſly aſcribe this
to Claudine. . _
ricola having ſent a plain account of theſe tranſ-
Ws without 5 Fo gloſs or addition, A ew. ro =
mirian 3 the Emperor recetV'd it (as bu manner was )
with a ſhop of great joy ; though really with great trouble
and concern, He was conſcious to himſelf that bs late
triumph in Germany was unjuſt and ridiculous, having
bought certain people of that country, and dreſt them up m
cloaths and hair like captives ; whereas now a vittory great
and real, wherein ſo many thouſands of the enemy ſlain,
as applauded by every one. It was erons be thought,
that the honour of a private man ſhould eclipſe the glory of
a Prince : And that be bad ſuppreſs d the fludy of Ora-
tory and other Liberal Arts to no purpoſe, if another could
tus undo him in the art of war ;, that for other matters
they might be bore with, but no one cught to be a General
but a Prince. Being tormented with theſe thoughts, and
(what was ever a ſign of miſchief ) very much alone in
hus cloſet, he concluded, it would be beſt to conceal bus re.
ſent ments till rhe noiſe of thu wictory, and the love and
re/pect he had gained in the army was abated : for as yet |
b—
|
@ folemnity, ſh uld be decreed him, and that in very hoe
norable terms by the Senate \ ard withal, made a report
to be ſpread, that the Provmece of Syria, then vacant b
the death of Atilius Ruiuss Lieutenant, and reſerv*d for
[ome perſons of quality, was deſigned for him, *Twas
alſo commonly thought that ve ſent a Free-man, one of
his Cabinet-Conncil, to Apricela, with a Commiſſion fer
Syria, and inſtructions, that if ve were in Bruain, it
ſhould be delivered ; and that the meſſenger, meeting Agri-
cola upon the ſea, ſpoke not one word of it, but returned
with it to Domitian : yet whether this be true, or a bare
ſurmiſe ( as agreeable enough by the carriage of that Prince )
is uncertain, However, Agricola had ſurrendered up bs
Province peaceable and quiet to his Succeſſor. And now,
that bus entry to Rome might be obſcure and private, be
came (as be was order*d ) by night into the city ; and at
night was admitted into the Palace : where the Emperor
receid bim with a dry kiſs, and (poke not one word to
bim ;, and ſo drew off among the reſt of the Attendants.
Agricola's ſucceſſor, according to fome, was C».
ſoon
time / Arviragus flouriſht in this Iſland, and not in
For that of Juvenal is to be underſtood of Domutian.
Omen habes, inquit, magni clariq; triumphi,
Regem aliquem capies, aut de temone Britanno
Excidet * Arviragus. adn,
. The mighty omen ſce,
He cries, of ſome illuſtrious victory.
P_ ——_
Or from his Britiſh chariot headlong thrown,
The proud Arviragus comes tumbling down.
Then alſo flouriſhed at Rome Claudia Rufina, a Bri-
tiſh Lady, eminent for her extraordinary beauty and
learning, commended by Martial in theſe verles,
Claudia caruleis cum ſit Rufina Britamis
Edita, cur Latie pettora plebis habet ?
decrs forme Romanam credere matres
Italides poſſunt, Atthides eſſe ſuam.
Among Q painted Britains, Claudia, born,
By what ſtrange arts did you to Roman turn?
hat ſhapes! what ls charms! enough to raile
A noble itrife in Iraly and Greece.
This is ſhe that St. Paul muncions in his ſecond Epiſtle
to _— according to F. Bale, and Matthew Par-
ker, biſhop of Canterbury: nor is it inconſiſtenc
with Chronology,though others differ from that opi-
nion.
And thus in Domitian's time, the farther part of
this Iſland was left to the Barbarians, as neither plea-
fant nor fruitful ; but this hither part was fairly redu-
ced to a compleat Province: which was not govern'd
by Conſular or Proconſular Deputies, but was counted
Prefidial and appropriate to the Czfars ; as being a
Province annext to the Empire after the diviſion of
Provinces made by Auguſtus, and having Propretors
of its own. Afterwards, when Conſtantine the
Great had new model'd the Commonwealth, this
Province was govern'd by a » under the Pre-
torian Lieutenant of Gaul, together with the Count of
Britain, the Count of the Saxon ſhe throughout Bri-
tain, and the Duke of Britain in times of war ; beſides
preſidents, receivers, &c. Butfarther, out of thoſe
29 Legions, which were the conſtant and ſtanding
—_ herez namely , the Legio ſecunda Auguſta,
io [exta wittrix, and the wiceſoma wittrix. But
this is to be underſtood of Severms's time ; for before
that, we find there were other Legions here, and
many more. Andalthough S:rabo writes, that one
* Legion of ſoldiers was ſufficient to commandBritain,
yet under Claudius the Legio ſecuniz Auguſta, the Le-
giog. of Spain, and the 1 4th Legion, call'd Gemins
Agricola was in Britain. And therefore be took care that | Martia vittrix, were kept here: nay, even in Veſpa-
triphat honcurs, ſtatues, and every thing uſual upon ſuch | ſian*s time, Joſephus tells us,chere were four Legions
7 Scitiingflect's Orig. Britan. p. 35,
gariſon'd
Trebellius, in my opinion Saluſtius Lucullus, who was Solos
t to death by Domitian, for ſuffering a new |
ſort of ſpears to be called Lamee Lucullee, At which nu« 4
v; «ad,
ICU!T-
$4 10410
Ar Virs.
Claudius's time, as Geffry of Monmouth imagines. gu th
112i
® Cali's
Arbeila in
un old
he
Some captive _ thee his new Lord ſhall own ? of T_g
Bri-ain!
Proy inc
Britain
Prfidd
Provinct
of the Roman Empire, three of them were What ls
gon ;
were
Brira's.
Dio, 55
® 0/40.
xXV
— — —
! » of << . .
{ons of the Legions and Roman ſoldiers, © prov'd very
he No-
11 } k-.
rt 49
m u0-
4
a ward
his ro-
6,074.14
Rom.
orke In
Tan,
21204 C145
"7721. particularly the Pitts wall, of which in its proper |
oy or
if; wall
Ro. ſometimes through low valleys raiſed high for them,
Rn mili-
') Wa)%
gariſon'd in
encompaſſed with rbz ſea, and is nat much leſs than our
world. © The inhabitants are ſubjett to the Romans, who
heep the numercus people of
————
Romans 1 Brita.
—_—_
Ixvi
—
this INand. The words are, Britain as
that Iſland in ſubjettion with
OUT Legions, And doubtleſs theſe ſtations and gart-
often the foundations of Towns and Cities; .and that
not only in other Provinces, but in Britain too. "I hus
che yoke of ſubjefion was firlt laid upon the Britains
by troops and gariſons, which were conſtantly kept
here to the great terror of the Inhabitants; and then
by cribute and impoſts : upon which account they had
their Publicans, that is to ſay, Cormorants and
Leeches, to ſuck the blood our of them, to confiſcate
their goods, and exadt tribute ® in the name of the
dead. They were not permitted ſo much as to enjoy
the laws of their own country, but had their courts
and benches fill d by ſuch Magiſtrates as the Romans
ſent them, with their rods and axes. For the Provin-
ces had their Propretors, Legats, Preſidents, Pretors,
and Proconſuls, and each particular City its peculiar
Magiſtrates. "The Prztor held a kind of AflizF once |
every year, and then decided all cauſes of more than |
ordinary conſequence ; ſitting in great ſtate upon a
high Tribunal, with his Li#ers round him, bearing
rods and axes for the awe and puniſhment of the peo-
ple. This Magiſtrate was cvery year to be appointed
anew: bur that was not all neither; they fomented |
diſcord and fattion among the people, giving great
countenance to ſuch as they could make tools of to
enſ]ave others.
Yer, however grievous this yoke was, it prov*d of
very good conſequence to us. For together with it
came in the bietted Doctrine of Chrizt Feſus, (of
which hereafter, ) and upon the !ight of his glorious
Empire, barbariſm foon vaniſh'd from among the
Britains, as it had done in ail other places upon _
approach of it. For Rome, as Rucitius ſays,
—————_—_
Legiferis mundum complexa triumphis,
Federe communt wvivere cunt}a facit.
- Triumphant all the world commands,
And with
An account of them we have thus in Galen.
repair'd the ways, paving ſuch as wete wet and miry,
or elſe raiſing them : ſuch as were rough und over-grown
with thorns be clear d and ridded, and where rivers wwe
new laws unices the conquer'd lands.
And in another place very elegantly, and very truly,
co che lame. |
Feciſti patriam diverſis gentibus unam.
Profuit injuſt is te dominante capt.
Dumg; effers wittis proprii conſortia j uris,
Urbem feciſti quod prias orbis erat.
All countries now in one vaſt nation joyn,
And happily ſubdu'd their Rites reſign.
Thy juſter laws are every where obey'd,
And a great city of the world is made.
For not to mention the other Provinces, the Romans
(by planting their Colonies here, and reducing the
natives under the forms of Civil Government and So-
ciety, by inſtrufting them in the liberal Arrs, and
ſending them into Gaul, to learn the laws of the Ro-
man Empire 5 whence that of Juvenal,
Gallia cauſidicos docuit facunda Britannos ,
Gaul's eloquence taught Britiſh Lawyers art.
did at laſt fo reform and civilize them by theſe laws,
and the example of their other cuſtoms, that for the
modes of their drefs and living, they were not infe-
riour to thoſe of any other Provinces. Their build-
ings and other works were fo very ſtately, that we
cannot look upon the remains of them at this very
day, without great admiration: and the common
people will have theſe Roman fabricks to be the:
works of the Gyants, whom in the North parts they
call * Eatons, for Heathens, ( if I miſtake not.) ' T
are without queſtion very wonderful and ſtately,
place ; and the High-ways throughout the whole
country, which lye ſometimes through dreined fens,
and pav'd; and withal are to broad, that two carts
may eaſily drive by one another without touching.
tajan ogg 9.
C. $. me-
thod1.
net fordable be made bridges; if a way ly too much
about, he made it more dirett and ſhort ;, if it ly over a
difficult or ſteep mountain, he drew it through Plaegs more
eaſie : f a road was baunted by wild beaſts, or 4. deſo.
late, be had it traniferr”d through ſuch parts of the cu.
try as were better inhabited ; if the way was ruggea
he 100k care to [moctb and level it, Yet theſe of ours
are ſo pared in ſome places, by the country people's
digging ſand out of them, that they are hardly to
be known; though otherwiſe as they lye through by.
grounds and paſtures, they plainly appear by their
height.
Theſe were call'd by the Romans, Vie Con/alares,
Regie, Pretoria, Militares, Public, Curſus publici, and
Actus, as we find by Ulpian and Julius Frontinus.
Ammianus Marcellinus calls them Aggeres Itinerarii
and prublici; Sidonius Apollinaris, Aggeres, and tellu
res maggerat#: Bede and modern Authors, Strat,
Our Hiſtorians (who are without queſtion in an er-
ror,) will have only four ways ef this nature ; the
firſt Watlingſtreat, fo called from I know not what
Vitellus, to whoſe charge this way was committed ;
( and indeed the Britains call 'd YVitellianus in their lan-
guage Guetalin ) named alſo Warlaemſtraet ; which la
by Verwlam, and in ſome places is alſo called High.
dike , High-ridge, Forty-foot-way, and Ridge-way, by
thoſe that live thereabouts. The ſecond they com-
monly call Iteni/d-ſtrear, which began in the country
of the Iceni: the third, the Fefſe, becauſe ( as ſome
think ) it was ditch'd on both ſides: the fourth, Er-
minſtreat, a German word, deriv'd from Mercury ( as
1am inform'd by the very leam'd F. O5ſopens, ) who
was worſhip'd among our forefathers the Germans,
by the name of [rmmunſul, i. e. Mercury's Pillar. And
that Mercury preſided over the high-ways, the Greek
word it felt '£r5-)@,, does ſufficiently intimate z and
belides, his ſquare ſtatues (formerly called Herme )
were every where erefted in the high-ways. Yet
lome imagine that theſe ways were made by one
Mulmutins, 1 know not who, many ages before the
birth of Chriſt: but this is fo far from finding credit
with me, that I poſitively affirm, they were made
irom time to time by the Romans, When Agricola
was Lieutenant here, Tacitus tells us, that the people
were commanded to carry their corn about, and into the
moſt diſtant countreys, and not to the neareſt Camps, but
to thoſe that were far off and out of the way. And the
Britains (as the ſame Author has it ) complain that
the Romans put their hands and bodies to the drudgery of
ridding out Woods and paving Fens, with a great many
ſtripes and indignities. And we find in old Records,
that in the days of Honorins and Arcadius, there were
made in Britam certain Hi ways from ſea to ſea.
That they were done by the Romans, Bede himſelf
tells us. The Romans liv'd within that wall ( which as 1
have already took notice ) Severus drew crofi the Iſland,
to the Southward; as the Cities, Temples, Bridges, and
Hig h-ways made there, do now plainly ſhew ws. Inlay-
ing ſuch ways, the Romans were wont to employ
their Soldiers and the people, that they might not
grow fa&tious by too much eaſe.” High-ways ( ſays
Hodorus ) were mede almoſt all the Pa, 7 over by the
Romans, for the convenience of travelling, and to employ
the common people. And the condemnation of Crimi-
nals, was many times to work at them, as may be in-
terr'd from Suetonis in the life of Caius, And more-
over we fee the Via Salamentica, or Silver.way, in
Spain, and in France certain military ways made by
Cap. 7,
hey | the Romans, not to mention the ia Appia, Pom-
peia, Valeria, and others in Faty.
Along theſe High-ways, Auguſtus at firſt had cer- ,,,,_.,
tain young men {et at fome finall diſtance from one 0#aww,
another ; but after that, wagons inſtead of them, rhat
thus he —_— have quick and ſpeedy intelligence from
all parts of the Empire. Arid near upon thefe roads
| were the cities built, as alfo inns or manſtons forthe ,,y,;.,,
\ ———
« Upon this account it is, that ſo many of our fameas Towns end in ch4fter, which is nothing but the remains of the oId Romnaan Cafrg.
=
——_ — —— — — -.
— -- « _ —
«tw + ee Gar i tO AAA AA eo
———
1 41
Romans
11 Britain,
OO Bro IOECE Ger VE oo DEA o— — Au ——
Iv, '
”
- CO ——_—_ —_
1Ycominodtion of travellers with all nece{tarics. and
"r6,®” mutation (tor fo thoſe piaces were then call'd, ) where
+... rravcllers corid' change: their poir-horſes, draught-
bealls, or wagons. And therefore, whoſoever ſeeks
foi ths P'2©25 he finds mention'd in Am oninus's It merary
any where but by theſe ways, will certainly wander,
and run into miltakes,
Azd perhaps ir may deferve our notice, that at
the end of every mile along thele roads, there were
erected Pillars by the Emperors, with figures cut in
them to ſignitie the number of miles. Hence $140-
mus Apimars.
13 (The =
Or\s, 8-7
Antiquus tivi nec teratur avver,
Cujus per [patinm [atis viiuſtis
N.men Ce{arcum wiret colummic,
Nor let the antient cauſey be defac'r,
Where in old pillars Czſar's name's exprels't.
Var-0,1:b6, By the ſides of them were alſo the graves and mo:
D- 1/»gus numents of famous men, to put the traveller in mind
wa of his own mortality by that of theirs. For the re-
pairing” of them, there were ſtanding laws, as we
may ſee in the Theodoſian Code, under the Title
De [ inere muniendo ;, to excite every one to further this bu-
ſineſs with the utmoſt veal and readineſs. There were
alſo Overſeers appointed for them. And in our an-
/.2w; o Client Laws, there is mention made De pace quatuor
>Eaward. Cheminorum, that is, of the peace of the four prin-
Cipal roads.
During Nerva's time, we have no account lett us
of this Iſland by Authors, Under Trajan, the Bri-
tains ſeem to have revolted ; and that they were ſub.
dued again, appears by Spartian, In Adriar's reign,
—5- Falius Severus was Lieutenant here , who being re-
-s, Pra- Call'd upon an inſurreftion in 7dea, the Britains had
DP .TcOor,
N;, YUA.
Tra fam.
Avian
Adrian himie'f had not come in perſon hither, who
in his third Conlſulſhip (in the year of Chriſt 124)
ſeems by the valour of his army to have defeated
them. For in a Coin of his we fee a General with
three ſouldiers, which I ſuppoſe are to repreſent the
three legions of Britain, with this Inſcription, EXER.
BRITANNICUS: and another with this Inſcription,
RESTITUTOR BRITANNLE. This Prince re-
ftorm*d many things in the Iſland, and drew a Wall
fourſcore miles long to ſeparate the Barbarians from
the Romans ; making it of great timber planks fixt in
the ground, aud joined one to another, not unlik» a hedge.
oo which expedition the Poet Florus plays thus upon
uns. -
Ego nolo Ceſar eſſe,
Ambulare per Brit annos,
Scythicas pati pruinas.
Ceſar may reign ſecure for me,
I won't be C2/ar, no not I;
To ſtalk abut the Britiſh ſhore,
Be wet with Scyrbian ſnow all o*re.
To which Adrian reply'd 3
Ego nolo Florws eſſe,
Ambulare per tabernas,
Latitare per popinas,
Culices pati rotundos.
Florus may rake ſecure for me,
T won't be Florw, nonot I;
The ſtreets and idle ſhops to ſcower,
Or in by-taverns lewdly roar,
With potent rummers wet all o're.
-
ceitainly freed themſelves from the Roman yoke, it
TEG. IRE GALLICIZ. PR#EF, COLL BH TIN.
GONUM. VEXILLO. MIL.ORNATO. A. DIVO.
HADRIANO. IN EXPEDITIONE IV DAIC.
Q. CASSIUS. DOMITIUS. PALUMEUS.
In the reign of Anteninus Pirrr, who by a Conſtitution 4+
of his, made all within the bound; of the Roman *'*<
Empire citizens of Rome, the war broke oat again
here ; bur was ſo well ended by Liilius Urbicas the 1+),
Legate, by removing the barbarians, and making ano. Ut,
ther wall of carth, that upon it he was ſirnam*d Brs. ..,**
tannicas, and had great commendation for taking ©.
ſome part of their country from the B-igantes, be. ©
cauſe they had made incurſions into Genouna, a neigh-
bouring Province belonging to the Romans. And at 7a
$.aturnins, was Archigubernas of the fleet in Britain, Din
But whether it be meant that he was Admiral,or Chief. 35-'
Pilot, or the Maſter of a Ship, let the Lawyers de- ;;,,,*
termine.
The Britains falling from one war into another,
an t2 revolt again in the time of Ant0n;nus the Phi. Ano:
lolopher. To quiet which commotions, Ca/pburnizs |,;;.*
Agricola was ſent over, who ſeems to have ſucceeded rhe:
very happily, The glory of putting an end to this war, NY
Fromo, who was inferior to none fir Roman eloquence, rig,
but himſelf one of the greateſt maſters of it, attrioutes to "5:
the Emperor Amoninus, For, though be remained at his Ft
Palace here in the city, and committed the care of ut to Capi
another, yet in his opinion ( like the Pilot ſuting at the helm "
of the (ſhip ) he deſerwd the glory of the whole expedition
and woyage. At that time Helvius Pertinax was a ſoul.
dier in Britain, ſent thither from the Parthian Wars, and
there detain'd.
In the reign of Commodas, there was nothing but .,__
wars and ſefitions throughout Britain, For the bar- a, i.
barous Britains, having got over the wall, made great
waſte in the country, and cut off the Roman ths.
ral and his army, So that U/pins Marcellus was ſent 1y;,,
againſt them, who ſucceeded ſo well in this expedi- i
tion, that upon his great bravery he began to be en- ,'**
vied, and was recalPd. This General was wigilant Xiph
above all others ; and to the end that they about him ou «
might be as watchful, he wrote every evening twelve ®"
Tables, ſuch as commonly are made of P38, Ire; + Till
and commanded one of his attendants to carry the ſame to
ſome of the ſouldiers, now at one hour of the night and now
at another. Whereby they might think their General was
ever awake, and they themſelves might ſleep the leſs. Of
his temperance he adds likewiſe. Though he was na-
turally able to abſtain from ſleep, yet that he might do it
the better, he was wery ſpare in his diet, For that be
ſhould not eat his bellyful of bread, he had it brought from
Rome for bim ; that by reaſon of the age and ſtaleneſs of
it, be might eat no more than was barely neceſſary. Upon
his being recall*d from Britain, the army grew heady
and diſſolute, and all manner of diſcipline began to
be diſregarded ; fo that they denied tubmi to
Commodws as Emperor, though he was firnam'd Bri.
tannicas by his flatterers. Moreover they ſent fifteen
hundred of their fellow fouldiers into Italy againſt
| Peremss, who had not only a ſhew of favour, but a
real ſway and intereſt in the Emperor, accuſing him
of oc Senators to prefer -þ Gentlemen to their + 5
Offices, of a plot and deſign he had upon the '*
s Life. Commodus gave credit to it, and
deliver'd him up into their hands, who ſcourg'd him
ſeverely, beheaded him, and declared him an enemy
to his country. 'Thele broils were at laſt quieted by
rhis time, as may be gather'd trom Fabelems, Seius "* ' 4
Cs. 54
NY
;aly
C!.Priſcus At this time M.F. Cl, Priſcus Licinins was Proprz- | Helvins Pertinax, but not without great danger, be- Hci:
p.00.w tor of Britain, who was with Hadrian in that expe- | ing almoſt himſelt ſlain (and left as ſuch among the Peres
+/ 3-:ram. dition of his againſt the Jews, as appears by this old dead) in appealing them. a
Inſcription in a broken marble : { Thus Britain was delivered in peace by Commodus
M. F. CL. PRISCO. | Clodius Albinus, firnamed afterwards for bis great c'*
[p;nu
| atchievements in Britain, Ce/areus : but was ſoon or- ;;;
qe Oe Ada pms CESS OUM der'd to reſign to Funms Severus, for a ſpecch of his s F
PR. PR. PROV. BRITANNIEA LEG. AUG. | wherein he had with too much liberty inveigh'd a- ©
gainſt the conduct and adminiſtration of the Em- _
azfris £
k.#
| ot
At
ay = Hm -
Romans
XIX
—_
in Britain.
--Chii- Az this time, the clouds of ſuperſtition and igno-
inRc* rance began to difpet ſe, (that is, not when M. Au-
i, relius, and L. Yerus were Emperors, as Bede writes,
but in Commodus's reigri, when Elutherus was Bilhop
of Rome) and the light of the Chriſtian Religion
ng Lu- by the means of King © Lucius to ſhine in this Iſland.
. Who (as *tis faidin the Old Martyrologies, which
were wont to be read in Churches) admiring the in-
regrity and holineſs of the Chriftians, ſent Eluarus
and M:duanus Britains to Pope Eleutherus, intreating
him that he and his ſubjes might be inſtructed in the
Chriſtian Religion. Upon this, immediately the
Pope diſpatched certain holy men hither, namely
Fugatius and Donatianus with letters, which are yet
extant, dated in the ſecond Confulſhip of L. Arre-
; reluus Commodus, which was together with V efpronims ;
4 and by theſe the King and others were taught the
myſteries of the Chriltian Faith. Whence that ot
Ninnius upon this Kin King Lucius 15 ſirnam'd ILeuer-
Maur, that is to ſay e Prince | of great glory, upon the
—_— religion propagated in bis time. * As for thoſe
who call the ftory of King Lucius into queſtion (as
many do at this day) as if there was no ſuch King as
he at that time in Britain, which they ſuppoſe was
long before reduc'd into a complete Province ; I
would have them remember, that the Romans were
wont by an old cuſtom to have Kings as their too!s
of ſervitude in the Provinces ; that the Britains at
that time denied their ſubmiſſion to Commodus ; and
that all that gu of the Iſland without the Wall was
freely enjoy'd by the Britains. Moreover, that 4»-
apiteli- roninus Pius, fome years before, baving ended the war,
=. left the Kingdoms to be rul'd by their own Kings, and the
Provinces to be povern'd by their own Counts. So that
nothing hinders, but that Lucivs might be a King in
thoſe parts of the Ifland which were never ſubject to
the Romans. For cettainly that paſſage of Tertul-
lian (who wrote then abouts) does refer tro tiiis con-
verſion of the Britains to the Chriſtian Keligion ;
and that very aptly, it we conſider the time and the
meaning of it. Some Countreys of the Britains that
pL proved impregnable to the Romans, are yet ſubjected to
Chrift, And a little after, Britain lies ſurrounded by the
Ocean. The Mauri and the barbarous Getulians are
block'd up by the Romans, for fear they extend the limits
of their Countreys, But why ſhould I ſpeak of the Ro-
mans, who by the power of their armies ſecure their Em-
pire ? neither are they able with all their forces to extend
this Empire beyond theſe nations, Whereas the Kingdom
of Chriſt , ,and his Name, goes much farther. He 1:
every where believ'd in and worſhipp'd by all thoſe na-
tions above mention? d, &Cc.
But that Britain before this, even in the very in-
fancy of the Church, receiv'd the Chriſtian Religion,
our Ecclefiaſtical writers (who have ſpent both time
and pains in this ſearch) do endeavour to aſſure us;
namely, . that * Joſeph of Arimathea, an eminent De-
” i, Curio, il'd from Gaul into Britain ; and / that Clav-
Fix. 4ia Rufina, the wife of Aulus Pudens, (thought to be
ſhe w St. Paul mentions in his latter Epiſtle to
Timothy, and Martial the Poet fo extraordinarily
commends) was a Britiſh Woman. They cite Doro-
theus, who pafles for the Biſhop of Tyre, for farther
evidence ; tor.in his Synopſis he relates that Simon Ze-
RIES.
—_— >»
oantt
he Jew?
"B hates, after he had travell'd Mauritania, was at laſt
" kit'd and buried in Britain ; and alſo that 4rifobulu:
£4 (mention'd by Paul in his Epiſtle tothe Romans) was
made Biſhop of Britain. "This Nicephorus confirms,
. though he ſpeaks of + Britians and not of Britain.
Moreover, upon the authority of Symeon Metapbraſtes
and the Greek Kalendar, hey te
in this Iſland, and diſplay'd the
light of the Goſpel
here ; and alſo from Sop 29
onius and Theodoret, t
us that Peter was
z St. Paul after his ſecond impriſonment at Rome,
credit a Poet) thus ſpeaks either of him, or his
Doetrine :
Travufiit Occanum, Orqua facit Inſula portum,
Quajque Britannis bayvet terras, quaſque ultima Thule,
The Ocean paf>*d, and ventur?d bravely o're
To Bruiſb realms and Taz!e's tarthe!t thore.
However, there's nothing more conſiderable in
this pine, than that pailage but now quoted from _
Tertullian, and what Origen ſays ; namely, that the 4.4 n
Britains had received the Faith, and weie qualified =
before by their Druids for that purpoſe, who always
taught them to believe there was but one God. And
char of Gildas is in my opinion very weighty, who
afrer a touch upon Boadicia*s rebeilion, and an ac-
count how the Ros was reveng'd, ſays, In 1he mean Under
time, Chriſt, the trac ſun, a:ſplaying bus glorious rays upen vu
the whole world, not like the ſun from bis temporal firma-
ment, but from the moſt exalled thrones of beaven wiich
& eternal and endleſs ;, firſt vouchſafed his beams, that is,
his dottrine, in the time (as we know ) of Tiberins Caſcr,
tc this cold frozen Iſland, ſituated as it were at @ preat d.-
ſtance from the viſible ſun. And by the by, thus alfo
Chryſoſtom, of the Chriſtian Religion's being in this
Ifland. The Britiſh Iſles ſituate beyond bur ſea, and lzing
in the very Ocean, felt the power of the, ward, ( for
Churches and Altars are even there eretted ) of that word,
I ſay, which was naturally planted ia the hears: 4 every
man, and is now in their lips alſo. The ſame Author. tn hi: Scr-
How often in Britain did men eat the fleſh of their own 1 0h"
kind? Now they refreſh their ſouls with faſtings, $. Je- Epir
rom likewiſe. The Britains who live apart from our
world, if they go in pilgrimage, will leave the weſtern Way.
parts, and ſeek Feruſalom, known to them by fame only
and by the Scriptures, Put now let us pals from the
Church to the Empire. Upon the murder of C:mn- p.,z;.,;
modus, Pertmax was made Emperor, who imnume- Ep.
diately difpatch'd away Albinus for Eritain. Bug Ler-
tinax after a reign of Right hundred and two days, *
being put to death likewiſe, Didius Funins (who ailo
quickly had the ſame tate) at Rome, Peſcennins Niger 3-74
in Syria, Clodius 4lvinus in Britain, and Sertimins Se-
verus in Pannonia, all at the ſame junctuze ſer uptheir
prongs to the Empire. Severns ( who was nearelt
taly) got firſt to Rome, where bcing made Empe-
ror by the conſent of the ſouldiers and the Senate 3
that he might not leave an enemy behind him, im-
mediately with great cunning, pretended to make 411.15
Albinus Emperor, who then commanded the army ©?
both of Gaul and Britain : and thus by ſtamping his
image upon the coins, erecting ſtatues to hum, and
conterring the Confulſhip upon him, he politickiy
fooths him up. After this he marches into the eaſt
againſt Niger, and in a ft battle defeated and ſlew
him. "Then he laid fiege to Byzantiom, and after
three years carried it ; and at laſt redu&d the Ada.
beni, Arabians, and other nations. "Thus rais'd with
ſucceſs, he grew impatient of a partner and fival,
and ſo ſet aſſaflinates upon Albinus ; but the flicceſs
not anſwering his deſign, he openly declares him an
enemy, and with all the diſpatch he could, marches
into Gaul againſt him : where 4lbius with the choice
of his Britiſh army had partes himſelf to receive him.
Upon engaging, the Albinianices fought ſo ſtoutly,
that Severus threw off his purple, and was putto the
rout with his whole army. But the Bricains purſuing
the enemy in ſome diſorder (as if the victory was
already theirs, Lztus, who was one of Severus's Cap-
tains, and ſtood expeting the iſſue wich his men
freſh and untouch'd, now hearing that Severws was
cut off, and thinking that he himſelf gt let up for
Emperor, fell upon them and put them to flight.
U this, Severus, having rallied his men, - and re-
aſlum'd his purple, Wane 3s them likewiſe with great
4
came hither: Hence Yenantius Fortunatus (it we may
—_—
eagerne(s, and fo came off with fucce, having,
tt.
—_—__——
a Antiquirtes of the Biiriſh-Charches, p. 19, z0,8c.
flect's Orig. Briran..p. 6, &c, f Antiquir. Britannicaram
c When be lived, ia what part of Brirain he reign'd, how far he was concern'd in bringing in the Chriſtian Religion, 2nd all other cireamſtances
belonging to that hittory, arc handled ar Jarge by Dr. Stillingfh, Orig Britan. p. 67.
4 Sce allo the biitory of Lxc:% at large in Biſhop Uſher's
« This Tradition corcerning Toſeph of Arimatkea, is tully Ciſculſed and contuted in Scilling-
Eecletarum, p. 6
s ; was 2
in the Apoliles time; and thats. Paul bimGif was probably the firit (under, is p; 0v'd W Dr. $614ingf2et , Orig Britan, pag} 35, Ke,
NES E |
£ Thar there was a Chiittfan Church planted here
among
Romans i Britain.
-
The Apo-
theeſes, or
Deificati-
on ot the
Emperor.
Her oat an.
among many others ſlain Albinus himſelF And now | :hey can, and lay the ſame in the entry to the palace upon I
Severus, fole Emperor of the whole world, firſt ſent
Heraclianus, and then Virius Lupus Proprztor and Le-
gate (call'd by Ulpian the Lawyer, Preſident of Bri-
rain) to take poſleffion of Britain. This Virius Lupus
(as we ſhall obſerve in its proper place) repaired many
Caſtles here. However, he was at long run forc'd |
to buy a peace of the Meare at a
ving made ſome of them priſoners)
ledonii, who had promiſed to check the excurſions of |
the Mzate, had not perform'd that Article. And
finding himſelf unable to curb them in their inroads,
after much calamity ſuffer'd from ?em, he ſent tor Se-
verus himſelf in perſon to his affiſtance. Severzs em-
braced the occaſion very joyfully, both that he might
wean his ſons (who grew luxurious and debauch'd)
from the pleaſures of the City, and add the name of
Britamicus tO his other titles ; and though now above
ſixty years old, and withall gouty, he reſolves upon
this expedition together with his ſons, B/tanus (whom
he calld Antoninus and Auguſtus) and Geta Ceſar,with
the legions. TheBritains ſentEmbaſladors immediately
to oor peace ; whom, after he had deſignedly ſtay'd
a long time, till all things were prepar'd and ready
for the war, he, diſmifs'd without coming to any con-
cluſion 3 and having left his fon Gera (whom at his
firſt arrival in Britain he made Augu/?us) in the hi-
ther part of the Iſland, which was in ſubje&tion tothe
Romans, that he might adminilter juſtice and go-
vernment among them ; he himſelf with Antoninus
march'd into the remoter parts of the country, where,
without coming to any battle, he employ'd himſelf
in cutting down the woods, building bridges, and
draining the fens : and yet by ambuſcade and ficknels
loſt fifty thouſand of his men. Thus Dio. But He-
rodian makes him to have had ſeveral skirmiſhes, with
ſucceſs, while the Barbarians from the fens and thick
woods (where they had poſted themſelves) fallied out
upon the Romans. At laſt however, he forc'd them
to a league, upon condition, that they ſhould part
with no ſmall ſhare of their country to him. And
that which is the moſt glorious action in his reign, he
built a wall from ſea to fea quite croſs the INland. Up-
on the account of theſe victories, he ſtamp'd his coins
with this Inſcription VICTORIA BRITANNICA,
and aſſum'd the title of Britannicus Maximus. His
ſon Gets had alſo the title of Britannicus, as appears
by his coins. Yet without obſerving this league, the
Britains began afterwards to revolt ; which gall'd him
to that degree, that in an Orationto his ſoldiers he re-
commended the utter extirpation of them in thoſe
Verſes of Homer :
Nemo manus fugiat wveſtras cawemq; cruentam,
Non fatus gravida mater quem geſt at in al
Horrendam «ffugiat cadem,
Let none your mercy ſhare,
Let none eſcape the fury of the war:
Children unborn ſhall die. --———--
Having in ſome ſort quieted theſe Rebels, he dy'd
at York, not ſo much out of any intirmity of body,
as out of grief and concern at the wickednels of his
ſon Antoninus {who with his own hands had made two
feveral attempts upon his life) with theſe words in his
mouth, I receiv'd the Commonwealth diforder'd in all
parts of it, and Tleave it in peace even among the Britains,
His corps was, after their military way, carried out by
the ſouidiers, pur in the fire, and the day folemaniz'd
with races by the ſouldiers and his ſons. Perhaps it
would look like a piece of levity in me, if I ſhould
relate the prodigies that happen'd before his death ;
namely, the blackneſs of the ſacrifices, the cypreſs
crown offer d him by a faucy buffoon in theſe words,
You have been every thing, now be a God. The method
(ſince it may divert the reader )I will here ſubſcribe.
It is a cuſtom amons the Romans to conſecrate thoſe
Emperors, who die leaving either ſons or {uceeſſors behind
them. And they who are thus honour'd, are thought to
be'rank'd among the Divi. Now the city is to be all in
mourning, with ſome allay of feſttva} ſotemmity. For they
bury his body as they do thoſe of others, im great ſtate.
The Image of the deceaſed perſon they draw as near as
reat rate ( ha-
vo the Ca-
|
an ivory bed very large and bigh, with a cloth of gold
[pread over it, And this Inage lies pale here to reſemble
the deceaſed perſon, The bed 1s attended the greateſt part
of the day on both ſides of it ; on the left ſide, all the Se-
nators in mourning habits, and on the right the Matrons,
whether honourable by deſcent or marriage. Of theſe no
one x cither to wear gold, or jewels, but to be dreſs'd in
a thin white garment like mourners, Tos ſolemnity con.-
tinues for ſeven days, Phyſicians coming in daily to wiſit
him, and as if the body were a real patient, > feenify-
ing they bave leſs and j/ 5 bopes of him, Alt length when
they find the party to be quite dead, the young men of beſt
oy among the Knights and Senators, we up the ſaid
ed upon their ſhoulders, and carry it by the via lacra into
the cold Forum, where the magiſtrates of Rome us'd to
lay down their offices. Now, on both ſides the Forum were
certain ſteps like ſtairs : upon _ on the one ſide ſtood the
young ſons of rhe ſenators, and moſt eminent men in the
city ; on the other the principal Ladies ſmging hymns and
ſonnets ; 46] a melancholy and mournful manner, in praiſe
of the dead perſon. When thus is done, they take up the bed
again and carry it into Mars's Field : in the broadeſt
part whereof is erefted a [auare Reſtrum, eaven on all ſides,
and built of nuthing but great timber like a tabernacle,
The inſide of it is ſtuff 'd with combuſtible matter z the
outſide of it is adorn'd with hangings, richly embroider'd
with gold, and works 7 ivory, an a with ſeve-
ral pictures. Within this ſtood another much leſs, but of
the ſame make and furniture, with wide gates and doors
in itt, Above that likewiſe a third, and then a fourth,
and ſo on, ſtill proportionably leſs than the lower, to the
very uppermoſt , which is left of all, The ſhape and form
of it may be compar'd to thoſe towers, which, for the burn.
ing of fire in the night to direct mariners, are built near ba-
vens, and are commonly called Phari, 4. e. light-houſes or
watch-towers, The bed being laid in the j an taber.
nacle; ſpices, all ſorts of perfumes, fruit, herbs, and ſweet
Juices, are provided and thrown upon it, Fur there's no
country or city, no perſon of degree or quality, but in honeur
of the dead Prince will contribute preſents of that nature.
When theſe ſpices are heaped up to a conſiderable quamity,
and all the place filled with them, then they that are
Knights, ride round the pile in a certain ſet de, in their
courſe and recourſe, warlike and regular. The Coaches
likewiſe are drove about it by the Senators, who in that are
to fignifie and refemble the Roman Generals and famous
Princes. When this ſolemnity s over, the ſucceeding Em.
peror takes a torch and puts it to the Tabernacle ; then
every one throws fire to it, and the pile is preſent, in a
flame, by reaſon of the combuſtible matter ahd dry ſpices
that are in it, About the ſame time an Eagle « let fly
from the uppermoſt and leaſt Tabernacle, as from the top
7 it 5 which ts ſuppoſed ro carry the Prince*s ſoul imo
eaven : and henceforth the Emperor is worſhiped among
the other Deities. \ This is out of my way ; but now to
return.
Severus's ſon Antoninus Caracalla contifmed for ſome _ _ .
time to proſecute the remains of this war by his Cap- 7s
tains; however he ſoon came to a peace, and furren- 4.
der'd their forts and territories to them. Notwith-
ſtanding, he afſum'd the title of Britannicus, nay,
was fo vainly ambitious, as to call himſelf Brirarmicus
Maximus. "The name of Britannicus was likewiſe usd
by his brother Geta. For thus ſome Coins of his are
inſcrib'd; IMP, CXS. P. SEPT. GETA PIUS.
AUG. BRIT. PONTIF. TRI. P, III. COS, IL PP.
From hence forward for a long time together, Wri-
ters have omitted the Britiſh hiſtory : neither was
Alexander Severus ſlain in Sicilia, a town of Britain,
(as ſome would have it,) but in Gau!, Thus much on-
ly appears from an old ftone, that Nonius Philippns,
TT]
under Gordianus Tunior was Proprztor here. Pha
Phil
Gallienus growing diffolutely luxurious, the Roman *'2?*
Empire, either for want of care and condudt, or elſe Gaim
becauſe *rwas f5 fated, fell to pieces ; and among the EP
re#t, ths Province revolted from the Roman Emperor, ry
For at that time the thirty Tyrants ſtood in compe- #? &
ticion for the Empire ; of whom, Lolianus, Vidtori #5
rus, Poſtbumus, Tetrici, and Marius, all in this Iſland, Ty»
then govern'd it, as I ſuppoſe; for their Coins are
daily iound here in greac plenty. Under Aurelian,
Bonoſus, a great drunkard, and by birth a Britain, to- y,v#
gether
« he 7
in Le
ion,
'7nſg.
—_——
XXill
Romans in Britain. _
Ixxiv
—_—
08146
mPp-
5, ;M7US»
] 4.13148
tp.
Baronndi
ans and
Vandals in
DD. 1041 +
'wuſts.
ether with Proculus, endeavour'd to make himſelf
mperor, claiming all Britain, Spain, and that parc
of Gaul called Braccata, ( which were govern'd for
wwo months by Florianus;) but being at laſt defeated
by Probus, after a very long and ſharp ENSASEMENty
he hang'd himſelf; and fo 'twas faid of him , here
bung a tankard, and not a man.
However Prebu: found other troubles to entertain
him in Britain. For one{ whom Probus himſelf, induc?d
by the commendation of his famiiiar Victorinus Maurms,
had promoted here) was railing arevo!t; and therefore
he, by way of expoltularion, gave Vittorinus a repri-
mand for it. Vi#erinus having obtained leave to go
ro him, went as a a 19 from the Emperor, and
being kindly received by the Tyrant, kill'd him by
night, and fo return'd to Probys, and preſerved the
Province by this blow. Now, who this Tyrant was,
we are not inform®d by any Author ; he may ſeem to
be that Cl. Com. Lelianus, whoſe Coins are found in
this Iſland and in no other country. Probus alſo tranl.
planted the Burgundians and the Vandals ( whom he
had before reduced, ) and ſettled themhere; and they
afterwards prov*d very ſerviceable to the Romans up-
on - every commotion. Now, whereas Vopiſcus
writes, that Probus permitted the Britains to have
Vines; a very learned man is of opinion that this paſ-
ſage might ſlip unwarily from him, as if the Country
were unfit for vines; whereas to the contrary it bears
vines, and for certain had tormerly great ſtore. The
many rival Tyrants at that time in this Province oc-
calioned the exclamation of Porphyry, who lived in
that age; Britain a fuitfult Province in producing Ty-
rants.
Affer this, Carus Anguſtus gave this Country to his
Son Carinus, with Ganl, Spain, and Iyricum, That
he carried on a war here, ſome infer "ans thoſe ver-
ſes of Nemeſianus. How much we may depend up-
on it, I cannot tell :
Nec taceam que nuper b:u2 ſub artto
Felici, Carine, manu confeceris, ip/o
Pene prior genitore Deo.
Nor, great. Carinzs, e're ſhall lateſt fame
Forget our noble actions in the North,
When round the Pole you ſpread your awful name,
And match'd the God your Sire's immortal worth.
In Diocleſian's time, Cararſius, a Menapian born, of
baſe extraRtion, but a man of good condud and cou-
rage, and eminent for his brave actions at Sea, was
made Governour of Bononia in Gaul, to ſecure that
ſea, which was then infeſted wich Saxon and French
Pirates. Having from time to time took many of the
Barbarians Priact, and neither given all the prizes
to the Emperor's Exchequer, nor reltor'd it to the
right owners jn his Province; and aſter that ſupprelt
fewer and fewer of them: it began to be ſuſpected,
that he admitted them on purpoſe, in hopes of inter-
cepting them with the y taken, whereby he
mightenrich himſelf. Upon this, he was to have been
flain, by an order from Maximia» the Emperor.
But having intelligence of it, under the ſtate and
charatter of Emperor, he took pollefiion of Britain ;
thither he brought the Fleet he had to detend Gaal;
there he built more ſhips after the Roman manner,
was joyn'd by the Roman Legion, kept out foreign
Troops, preſs d the French merchants to his ſervice,
gariſor'd Rononia, and converted the revenues of
Britain and Batavia to his own uſe. Moreover, with
hopes of in the Provinces, he drew no fmall
Forces of the Barbarians to his alliance, (particularly
the Franks, whom he had train'd to fea-ſervice,) and
infeſted all the ſea-coaſts about him. Maximian,
- with a brave army, ( *ſome of which gloriouſly
ſuffer d Martyrdom in this expedition ) march'd a-
gainſt him 5 but when he was advanc*d to the fea-
coaſt ; for want of ſeamen, and being daunted at the
rage and danger of the Britiſh Ocean, he made a
haule, and there began a treaty; whereby it was
concluded that' Caravſis ſhould enjoy the Govern»
ment of Britain, as the propereſt perſon to defend
the Inhabitants againſt all ons This is the rea-
lon that in all Carawſiur's ſilver Coins we find two Em-
perors ſhaking hands, with this Inſcription round it,
CONCORDIA * AUGG. Maximian now
| march*d with his army againſt the Franks, who then
inhabited Batavia, and had aflifted Caraufus; but
were unexpectedly fo: ſurprig*d by him, that they
forthwith ſubmitted themſelves. In the mean time
Carauſus govern'd Britain with great authority, and
in pertet peacc ; be repair'd rhe wall between the mouth
of the Clud and Carun, ts keep our the Barbariaxs ( as
Ninnius, Eluodugus's Scholar, tells us) and fortified
the ſame with ſeven caſtles ; and morecver built a round
bouſe of bewen ſtone upon the bank of the river Carun,
ſo called from bim ; wuth a triumpbal Arch in memory of
bis Vittery. However, Buchanan thinks it. to have
-2s; Terminus's Temple, as we {hall obſerve in Scor-
ana,
When Dieckfian and Maximian had made Conſt an.
tins Chiorus and Maximianus Galerins fellow partners of
the Empire with them, to the end they might bet-
ter keep what they had got, and recover what they
had loſt ; Conf antias having raiſed an Army, marches
towards Bononia in Gaul, otherwiſe called Gefſoriacum
(whichCaraufius had ſtrongly gariſon'd) and-inveſted
the place ſooner than was imagined; blocking uptho
haven with huge timber beams ſtruck dawnin u, and .
by heaps of great ſtones; which, notwithſtanding the
ſhock and violence of ths ſea, continued firm for
many days together. But, as ſoon as the "Town was
lurrender'd, it was fo ſhaken by the firſt tide, that
the whole work was disjointed, and fell to pieces...
And while his Fleet was getting ready for his Britiſh the Pare-
expedicion, he cleared Batavia of the Franks, who 8yrilt-
were then poſleſſed of it, and tranſplanted many of
them to cultivate ſome barren places of the Empire. c. ateauz
In this juncture of affairs, Carauſius was treache- Emp.
rouſly ſlain by Ales, his bolom friend and prime
Miniſter; who thereupon-uſurp*d the Government
to himſelf Upon this news, Conſtantine mann'd our
| foveral diſtinct Fleers, fo that AleQus knowing nei-
| ther what courſe to take, nor where to expect him,
grew ſentible the Ocean was not ſo much his fence
and refuge, as his Priſon, The Fleet ſetting out in
bad weather, and when the ſea ran high, had the
fortune, by reaſon of a miſt, to eſcape the Britiſh Na-
vy, which lay out by the Iſle of Wight to obſerve and
attend them ; and therefore as ſoon as he had arrived
and put his army aſhore, he ſet fire to his whole
fleet, that there might be no hopes of refuge but in
victory. AlleRus, as ſoon! as he ſaw Conſtantius's
fleet upon the coaſt, left. the ſhore where he had
poſted himſelf, and in his flight was accidentaily met
and encountred by Aſclepiodorus, Captain of the Life-
guard; but his confuſion was ſuch, that, as if he had
been under an alienation of mind at that time, he run
on deſperately to his own ruine; for he neither drew
up his army, nor put his cavalry in any order, but
with his barbarqus mercenaries, after he had put off
his Robes that they might not diſcover him, ruſh'd
uponthe enemy, and fo in a tumultuary skirmiſh was
kill'd, without any note' of diſtinftion about him.
For which reaſon they had much ado to find him
among the dead bodies, whigh lay in heaps about the
field and on the hills. The .Franks and other furvi-
ving Barbarians, upon this, determined to plunder
London, and eſcape by fea with the booty : but a
party of ours, that were ſeparated from the army in
toggy weather, coming luckily to Lender at the fame
time, fell upon them, and purſu'd them up and down
the ſtreets with a great ſlaughter, not only to the re-
{cue and ſafety of the Citizens, but alſo to their great
pleaſure, in being eye-witneſles of the route} By this
victory the Province was recovercd, after it had been
ſeven years or thereabauts governed by Carayfius, and
three more by A#ettus, Upon this account, Eume-
nius writes thus to Conſtantius. Q, important wittory,
worthy of many triumpbs; this Britatn 15 reſt ored, by
this the Franks are defeated, and other nations in that
confedera reduc'd totheir due obedience, To conclude, the
ſea jt ſelf is ſeour'd to compleat our quiet. Tou, great Ce.
ſar, as for your part, may with infice glory in this diſc C0-
very of another world ; and by repairing the Roman Na-
wy, of adding a greater Element to the Roman Empire.
A little lower al » Britain is ſo pefeily reduced, that
all the nations» of that Tland are an abſolute ſub
| jection,
Towards
a. TAs# ARIA 4 TP ST RGWIEISAN WT, 126 6 Brad a7 1,29 BAD, CYL” wu CE SAT TIRES RRRT LT TT -
FOIA 4 ey TE og 439 Ed Dag os Sled Yor VOY ES PO WY ITY
” _ h
Ixxv
' Contiane Son Canftantine went
i .. ——_
Romans 1 Britarn.
Ixxyj
Perſecui- + Towards the end of Dioclefian's and Maximian's
nin B- reign, when the long and bloody perſecution in the
ern Church broke out in the Weſtern Chutch
alſo with great violence, many Chriſtians ſuffers
| martydrom in it. The chief among them was Alba-
Sr. Alban. 225 Verolamienſis, Fulins, and Aaron a Citizen of Exe-
zer, of which in their places. For the Church furviv/d
them with great triumph and happineſs, being net, even
by a continued perſecution for ten years together, ſtifled or
deſtroyed.
Fdcfan and Maximian having abdicated the
Empire, Conftartins Chlorns, who till that time go-
verned the Commonwealth under the title of Cz/ar,
was made Emperor. To his ſhare fell Ialy, Africa,
Spain, Gaul and Britain. Italy and Africa he ſurren-
der'd to Galerius, and contented himſelf with the refft.
Being a Soldier in Britain, under Avrelian, he mar-
ry'd Helena, the daughter of Coelns or Celius, a petty
Prince here, and by her had that Conſtantine the
Great in Britain. For, in this all writers do agree
Raronine With the great Baronius, (* except one or two mo-
H:itEccl, dern Greeks, who are but inconfiderable , and
vary from one another, and a certain eminent per-
ton, who grounds upon a faulty paſſage of 7. Firmi-
cas. Chlorus was compell'd by Maximian to divorce
this wife, and marry his daughter Theodora. "This
Hucns Helena is the ſame, who in old Inſcriptions is call'd
Venerabilis & Piiſſima Auguſta, both for her Chriltian
piety, her ſupprefling of Idols at Jeruſalem, erecting
a Church in the ſpot where Chriſt ſuffered ;. and for
the good invention of the Croſs, fo mightily cele-
brated by Eccleſiaſtical writers. Yet the Jews and
Gentiles call her in reproach Stabularia, becauſe the
Mangcr, where Chriſt was laid, was fought out by
this pious Princeſs, and a Church built by her in the
of ce Place where the ſtable ſtood. Hence St. Ambroſe.
1 :hot They tell ws that this Lady was firit an Inn-keeper, &C.
{122% This good Inn-keeper Helena went to Feruſalem, and there
g P ,
"uw,
Conſtanri-
us Chlo-
15s Era.
where her Lord lay. This good Inn-keeper was not igno-
raw of bim, who cur'd the traveler that the rabbers had
w-uvded. T his good Inn. keeper did not care how baſe and vile
, the was thought, ſo ſhe but gaimed ChrisF,Conftantius her
= huwbandis no _ commended oy his piety, A man,
Who vejebting the [uperſt#tion and 1mpiet worſhippin
many Gods, bas Ce eoes the rx nur Kan
Governonr of all things, Whereupon, to diſcover the
creed of his own Couriers, he gave them free liber-
ry, either to ſacrifice to their Gods and ftay with
lam, or to refuſe and be gone. But thoſe that choſe
wo £0, rather than leave the worſhip of the true God,
he retain'd with him, caſhiering thoſe who had here-
upon declin'd the worſhip of rhe true God ; imagi-
ning that fuch would prove treacherous and diſloyal
to him alſo. This excellent Emperor dy'd in his laſt
expedition in Britain againſt the Caledoniavs and o-
— thersof the Pits, at ork; and was ( as hc had ap-
Se S0i"35, pointed ) fucceeded by his Son Conſtantine, who had
was called been declared Czſar,
Fw. Same few days before the death of Conffamins, his
{t from Rome to York, ha-
rc 'he ving treth horſes provided him at every ftage for that
vent BY. Burpoſe : and that no-one might follow him, he took
care to lame all the horſes belonging to the ſtate for
thoſe ſervices, fave only ſuch as were for his own uſe ;
and there he received the laſt gaſp from his dying
father. Hence an antient Orator thus to him. Tu
emter'd the ſacred Paggee, mot as ambitions of the Empire,
but as one ordain'd and appointed ; and forthwith your fa-
ther's family had the bappineſs of ſeeing you if right ſucceed
bim. Fer there was mo doubt but be bad the right and ti.
tle, who was the firſt ſon that providence cf Ks upon
:ve Emperor. However, he 'd tobe forced upon
this great dignity by the ſoldiers, and particularly b
the importunity of Erocrs, King of the Almans, who
went along with him to a{hiſt him. The Soldiers, with
A Pan-Py- regard 20 the pith/ick, and not out of private affection, put
"AP —* rbe rogal robes upon him he wept at ut, and (purr'd away
frantine his berſe, that he might avoid the importunity of the ar.
le itt” yy BC. but bis medeſty at laſt yeilded ro the good and
”— <OW——so IS EET
fund aut the place of our Lord's paſſion, and the manger | p
_—_
y | at liberty, but diſpelling
happineſs of the Commonwealth. Hence the Panegyrilt
exclaims, O / rw Britgin, and now happy above ail
lands, in fir eeing Conſtantine Ceſar.
Czlar, as ſoon as ſettled in the throne, proſecuted
thoſe wars his father had carricd on again(t the Ca/c-
donians and Pitts; (ell upon the remoter parts of Bri-
(for he had Rome and greater things in his eye at
that time ) he drew to his alliance by ſums ot money :;
nay, ſome that were his enemies he {o reconciled, as
to be his friends 3 and others, who were his inveterate
adverfaries, he drew over to be his perfect intimates.
After that, he made ſuch a glorious Conquelt of the
Franks in Batavia, that golden coins ( whereot 1
have ſeen one) were ſtamp'd with the image of a
woman fitting under a trophy, reſting one hand
upon a Crofſs-bow, with this ſub{cripeion, FRAN-
CIA ; and GAUDIUM ROMANORUM, round
it. So having deſcated the other Barbarians in Ger-
many, and reconcil'd the Germans and the Gayis to
him, he drew his ſoldiers out of Britain, Gaul, and
Germany, amounting to the number of 90000 foot
and 80000 horſe, and ſet forward for Italy. Maxen-
tizs (Who at Rome then laid claim to the Empire)
was likewiſe overcome by him ; and thus having de-
teated the tyrant, and reduc'd Italy, he reſtor'd the
worid to the bleflings of peace and liberty. And as
it is in an old Inſcription ; INSTINCTU DIVI-
NITATIS, MENTI>S MAGNITUDINE, CUM
EXERCITU SUO, TAM DE TYRANNOQ,
UAM DE OMNI EJUS FACTIONE, UNO
EMPORE JUSTIS REMPUBLICAM ULTUS
EST ARMIS. i. e. By divine inſtinit, and the groat-
neſs of his own ſoul, be managed his forces ſo, as to trj»
umph both over the Tyrant and all his adberents ; and ſo
at once, by a jaſt war, did revenge the quarrel of the Re-
ublick.
However, that he return'd to Britain, is hinted to
us by Euſebius in theſe words, Ar /aſ# Conſtantine
ſailed over to Britain, ſurrounded by the ſea: and havin
overcome them, he began to think of other parts of the
World; that he might relieve them who were in diſtreſs,
and needed it. Tikewiſe in another place, After be
had mſtilPd the pious principles of bumanity and modeſt y
into his army, he invaded Britain, as a country encloſed
by the ſea ; which, as it were, terminates the Sun's ſet«
ting with its coaſts,
of Britain, thoſe Verſes of Optatianus Porphyrixs &q
Conſtantine, are to be underſtood.
Onmis ab Artois plaga finibus horrida Cauro
Pacis ameat cana & comperta perennia jura,
Et tihi fida tuis ſemper bene militat armis,
Reſqz perit wvirtute tuas, populoſq; feroces
Propellit, ceditq; Inbens tibi debita rata,
Et tua vithores ſors accipit hinc tib; fortes,
. Teq, duce invite attollant figna cohortes.
The Northern nation verl with Weſtern ſtorms,
Toyour commands and peaceful laws conforms.
Serves in your arms, and to your colours true,
Subdu*d' herſelf, helps others to ſubdue:
Her eaſe tribute uncompell'd ſhe pays ,
While your brave troops your cong ring Ez lsraiſe,
And heaven rewards you with deſerv'd foes
En...
tain, (that, as one ſays, are the witneſſes of the ſun's Gelains
. . K C
ſetting ) and the people of the Iſlands thereabouts ; |
conquei'd ſome of them by dint of force, others Co.
CL bo ©,
4 EICCUTE,
I, Act.
About this time (as is manifeſt from the Theodoſian p,.4.us
'Code ) Pacatianus was Vicegerent in Britain ; for
then there was no ſuch thing as a Propretor and Le-
gate, but in licu thereof a Vicaris.
This Emperor was very happy in the enjoyment
deſerv'd it. For he not only ſet the Roman Empire
clouds of ſuperſticion
(which were great at that time) he introduc'd the
pure light of the Goſpel, opened temples for the
worſhip of the true God, and ſhut up thoſe that wese
dedicated to the falle. For as ſoon as the ftorm of that
perſecution was over, thoſe faithful ſervants of Chrif,
who bad withdrawn in i dangerous times, and ahſceu-
—_— — — —_——
a Sex the lemred Liptuz's opinion of this marter, in h's Letter ws Mr, Camden, publiſh; among bis Epiſtlcs, pag. 64. Sce alſo Uſhei's Artie
quitates Br. tanmcarum Ecglejtarpure, P2g. 93, tol. cap. 8,
y ded
—
v
O
in the !;
year ®
rine thx
of much praiſe and commendation ; and he highly G6.
(Fee
iS :
Ix xvVil
—
Romans m britain. Ixxvin
—_— ——— _— ———_—
OI IE i ES EO nee
| | Ie INS” ar v1 I
ded in the weods, deſerts, and private CaVes 3 began 58 The Duke of Britain, WHO Was Io take Care of the
appear in publick, They rebuilt the Churches that were ' marſhes, and defend them againſt Batbarians,had che
Covern-
ment in
Bricain
under the
luter Em.
perore.
Vicege-
rent Ot
D7 itaic,
"v*+ of
tain,
rhrown down, laid the foundations of Temples in honour
of the boly martyrs, and continued to go on end finiſh them ;
and, as if it were to manifeſt and diſplay the banners of
rhe wictory, they celebrated feſtivals, and with pure
Learts and hanis performed their holy ſolemnities. And
therefore he is honoured with theſe Titles,
IMPERATOR FORTISSIMUS AC BEATBSLE
MUS. PISSIMUS. FOELIX. URBIS LIBERA.
TOR. QUIETIS FUNDATOR. REIPUBLICE
INSTAURATOR. PUBLICA LIBERTATIS
AUCTOR. RESTITUTOR URBEB ROME
ATQUE ORBIS. MAGNUS. MAXIMUS. IN.
VICTUS. INVICTERSIMUS. PERPETUUS.,
SEMPER AUGUSTUS. RERUM HUMANA.
RUM OPTIMUS PRINCEPS. VIRTUTE FOR-
FISSIMUS, ET PIETATE CLEMENTESI.
MUS. Et in legibus, QUI VENER ANDA CHREL
STIANORUM FIDE ROMANUM MUNIVIT
IMPERIUM. DIVUS. DIV EX MEMORLE. DI-
VINX MEMORIE, &c.
That 1s,
An Emperor moſt valiant, moſt bleſſed, moſt peous, bappy,
Redeemer of the City, Founder of Peace, Eſt abliſher of the
Commonwealth, Encreaſer of the publick Liberty, Reſtorer
of the City of Rome and the whole World, Great, Great.
eſt, Invincible, Moſt Invincible, Perpetual, Ever Au-
guſt us, Beſt Governour of humane affairs, Moſt Valiant,
Moſt Merciful, And in the Laws, with theſe, bo
fortified the Roman Empire with venerable Chriſtiamty ,
Sacred, Of bleſſed memory, Of divine memory, &Cc.
And he 1s the firſt Emperor, that I can find, who in
Coins and publick Memorials was ever ſtiled Dom.
»us noſter ;, yet at the ſame time 1 am not ignorant, |
that Diccleſian was the firſt, after Caligula, that would
allow the ticle of Dominus to be publickly given him.
However, it ſeems to have been a great over-ſight
and imprudence in this mighty Emperor , that he
open'd a paſſage to the Barbarians into Britain, Ger-
many, and Gaul. For, when he had reducd the
northern nations, to that degree, that they were not
able to annoy him, and had newly buile the city of
Conftantinople,that he mightſuppreſsthe mighty | en
of the Perſians, who then began to rival the Roman
empire ; he drew the legions from the frontier gari-
ſons partly into the caſt , building torts and caſtles to
ſupply the want of them,and partly to remote cities ;
ſo that preſently after his death, the Barbarians forced
the towns and caſtles, and broke into the Roman
Provinces. For this reaſon Zoſimus gives him the
character of the firſt and greateſt ſubverter of that
flouriſhing Empire.
But after that Conſtantine had new modelled the
Empire, it will not be improper to obſerve here in
lhort, how Britain was govern'd under him, and in
ſucceeding times. He appointed certain Prefect;
Pretorio over the Eaſt, Iyricum, Italy, and Gaul ;
and two Maſters of the foldiers, the one over the
horſe, and the other over the foot, in the Weſt, who
were call'd Preſemales.
As for Civil matters, they were adminiſter*d in
Britain by the Prefettus Pretorio of Gaul, who ſup-
ply*d that Office by a deputy, honourd with the
title of Spe&abilis, Under him were two Conſular
Deputies, anſwerable tothe number of the Provinces;
ms three Preſides, who were to determine all cauſes
whether Criminal or Civil.
As for military matters, they were under the rule
and management of the after f the foot in the Ealt ;
and to him were ſubje& the Count of the Britains, the
Count of the Saxon ſhore throughout Britain, and the
Dux Britanniarum; who had each of them the title
of Spe&abilis.
The Count of Britain ſeems to have preſided over the
inner parts of the Iſland ; and had the command of
ſeven companies of foot, and nine cornets of horſe
about him.
command of 338 garilons, conſiſting in all of 14900
toot and 9oo horle: 1o that at that time, it Panciro-
lus has caſt up this account right, Britain h2d 19200
toot and 1700 horſe, or thereabouts.
There were beſides rheſe Officers, the Comes Sacra- Count o
rum Largitioum, who had the care of all the Empe- the lmpe-
ror's gitts and largefles. He had under him in Bri- ron
teain, a Rationalis Summarum Britanniz, or Receiver.
General ; Prepoſitus Theſaurorum Auguſtenſum in Bri.
tannia, or Lord-Trealurer 3; and a Procurator Gynegiz
in Britannia, or an Overleer of the Gynegium in
Britain, the place where the Cloaths of the Emperoc
and army were woven. Alſo the Comes rerum priva-
tarum, or Keeper of the Privy Purſe, had here in
Britain his Rationslis res private, or private Auditor :
not to mention the Procurator Lud: Gladiatorii, or
Overſeer of the Fencing-School, in Britain (mens
tion” =y an old inſcription,) with others of an infe-
rior rank. |
Upon the death of Conſtantine, Britain: tell to his cough
ſon OO ; Who being fpurr'd on by an ambiti- tin Emp.
on of foveraignty to invade the rights of others, was
{lain by his brother Conſtans. Being exalted with this Conſtans
victory, Conſtans poſleſs'd himſelt of Britain, and E=r-
the other Provinces, and came-hither with his bro-
ther Comſtantins, Hence that addreſs of Fulixs Firmi.
cus (not the Pagan Aſtrologer, but the Chriſtian,)
to them. In the winter, a thing which was never done
hitherto, nor will hereafter, you have triumph*d over the
boiſterous and ſwelling wares of the Britiſh Ocean, A ſea
unknown to us hath trembled, and the Britains are ſur.
is'd at the unexpetted coming of their Emperor, What
Farther would Ws eR Sf hs do
eild themſelves conquer*d by your virtues. This Conſtans
conven'd the Council at Sardica againſt the Arrians,
which conſiſted of 300 Biſhops 3 among whom were
the Biſhops of Britain, who after they had condemn'd
the hereticks, and confirm'd the Nicene.Creed, voted |
Athanaſius innocent. Bur the youn Prince, with- Athans-
out any farther application to ſtate affairs, grew dif- fus in
folute and voluptuous : this made him burthenſome 9s.
to the Provincials, and unacceptable to his army ; fo
that Magnentius, Count of the Fevij and the Hercules,
ſet upon him in a am, Cy 1 Helena, as he was kd
hunting, and thereſlew him; fulfilling the prophelſie, alſo Taps-
that he ſhould end his life in his Grandmother's lap; "**
from whom that town was denominated. This Mag-
nentins was born amongſt the Lzti, in Gaul, but his
Father was a Britain : and now, upon the murder of
Conſtans, he aſſumed the Imperial robes in Gaul, and
drew Britain to ſide with him ; but for three years
together was ſo warmly oppos'd by Conftanine, that
at laſt he laid violent hands upon himſelt; one of the
moſt fortunate of Princes, tor tavourabie weather,
___ harveſts, and peace and quietnefs with the
arbarians, things of great moment in the rate and
eſtimate of Princes among the vulgar. But, for what
reaſon this Magnentizs is called, in an old Inſcription
long ſince dug up at Rome, Taporzs, I leave others
to enquire, Forthus it is read there ; ſpeaking of the
Obelich, ercted in the Czrcas,
Interea Taporo Romam vaſt ante tyranno,
Auguſti jacuit donum ſtudiumg, locandi.
Under vile Tapors*s tyrannick ſway,
The royal preſent unregarded lay.
At this time, Gratian, ſirnamed Funarixs, was General g-a:;mw
in Brirainz who was father of Yalentiman the Em- Fanarins.
ror. He was called Funarius from 9 , which in , parget-
hu youth he had to ſell ; and though five ſoldiers attempted linu,
to take it from him, yet they could not with all their force
do it, Upon bu return home, and the loſs of bus Commil-
ſion, bus goods were confiſcated to the Emperor ; for be was
reported to bave emteriained Magnentius,
Magnentizs being thus murder'd, Britain ſubmitted cugam
it ſelf ro Conſtantius ; and forthwith Paul, a Notary born oi
Angetus
Rocks.
an - "hos f the Saxon ſhore, who was to det-nd in Spam, 22" 45 ſem here, who under the mask of friendſbi Cate
——__ the coaſt againſt the Saxons, 2nd by Ammianu« | 74 kindneſs would attempt the rume of others with great
F:x: [a
ines.
Marcellinus 15 call'd Comes Traci n: Mart; 1188; had icy en
companies of foot, ewo tf troops 01 horke, the lecond
legion, and a EY Hun, |
{ gacity. That be might puniſh ſome ſoldiers who had con.
{.red with Magnentius» when they were not able to make
+/i/f ance, and be had outragiouſly like a torremt broke in
upor
Ixxix
Ma clin.
[. 1 4-
M xt,
V \Crge-
rent of
Br: 217.
® Com !a-
{14 In p?-
Yatut.
+ Princt-
pu C it; 4,
Lupicivr.
* Mag:-
fter Ar ncC-
rum.
+ Tragics like a Trape dim (as they ſay) + ſtrutting about mm his high
£9: hurno
Hd frepen-
fem.
Rbutup:e.
Lonaon.
Sulpit ins
Severus.
® tlary
in his
piltic ro
the Bi-
ſh
thote,
ſhops of more
the Pro.
wYinces of
Brit ain.
1 © - .
4 the Stare ; having ref uſed a cont rioution from the reſt, as
Romans im Þritaim.
"3
——
XXX
CU
—— —— ——— __ cc
Am1%n. upon them ; he ſeized upon many of their Eſtates. And | | ( ; a
thus he went on with great ſlaughter and ruine, condemn- | the Apoltate (who ſet up for Emperor in compertiti-
of them to | on with Conftantius drove Paladins, one of his great cen.
ing many of the freemen to Irons, and ſome |
bonds and fetters, by arraigning them of faults that were
m ways imputable to them, Hereupon, a crime ſo foul |
was committed, as will brand the Reign of Conſtantius
with eternal infamy. There was one Martinus, that go-
wverned theſe Provinces as Vicegerent or Deputy , who, out
of compaſſion to the miſeries and calamities of theſe inno-
cent people, applied himſelf often to the ſaid Paul, that
the guiltleſs might be ſþ.1"d , and when he found by inter-
criſim was to no purpoſe, he threatned to leave the Pro-
vince, h-ping that that would awe and ſtop the proceed-
ings of the malicious perſecutor of theſe harmleſs and quiet
prople, Paulns, thinking thus would ſpoil. bu trade, and be.
ing a deviliſh fellow for a train of miſchicf ( from which we-
ry faculty be was called Catena) took core to hook in 7he
Deputy, who defended others in the like danger. And be
went wery near to bring him bound priſoner, with Tribunes
and many others, before the Emperors * Privy Council.
This imminent danger ſo inraged bim againſt Pauls, that
he drew hw ſword and made a paſs at him; but being not
home enongh to diſpatch him, he ſtab d himſelf in the ſide
with it. And ths was the unhappy fate of that juſt man,
that had the courage to "wang others from injury and op-
preſſion. After this villany, Paulus, all in blood, returned
back to the F head quarters, bringing ſeveral with b;m,
almeſt ready to fol under their thains, and reduced to
great ſorrow and miſery. Of theſe, ſome were cntlaw'd,
{orne baniſhed, and others put to death. At laſt, God's
vengeance fell upon him, and he himſelf underwent
the juſt reward of his outragious cruecity, being burnt
alive in the reign of Fultan.
Afterwards (theſe are the words of Ammianus
Marcellinus) when by the inroads of theſe barbarous na- |
trons, the Scots and Pits, the peace of Britain was di-
(farbed, the frontiers waſted, and the Provinces wearied,
and grew heartleſs with the many ſlaughters that had been 1
formerly made of them ;, Julius, who by Conſftamtins as
declared Cxlar, and” bis Partner in the Empire, being
then in be winter quarters at Pays, was in ſuch circum.
ſtances, that he durſf mot wenture to relieve them (as
Conft anteus before him did ) left he ſhould leave Ganl
2# hout all rule and goverment : conſidering alſo that the
Almans were in an uproar at that time, He took care
therefore to ſend T upicinus to ſettle matters in theſe parts,
who was * Maſter of the Armory at that time 5, a warltke
man, and an expert Soldier, but proud and banghty ; and
ſhooes : of whom it was long doubred whether his fault
was more coverouſneſs or cruelty. He therefore, with a
ſupply of light armed fouldiers, confiſting of Herulians,
Batavians, and ſeveral Companies of the Mxſians,
marched in the mdſt of winter ro Bologn. Having got
ſhips, and embarked his men, he took the advantage of a
fair wmd, and arrived at Rhutupiz, a place juſt oppo.
ſite, and from thence marched to London ; that there be
mipht reſolve according to the ſtate of affairs, awd proceed
A to grve rms aſe pact T;
Under this Conſtantius, who was a great favourer
of the Arians, that hereſie of theirs crept into Bri-
tain; wherein from the beginning of Conſtantine the
Great, a ſweet harmony between Chriſt the head, and
his members there, had continued ; till ſuch time as that
deadly and perfidious Arianifm, like @ ſerpent ſputting out
ber venom upon us from beyond ſea, made even brothers
grow invererate to one another's ruine. Lind thus a paſ-
ſage being made, as it were, over the Ocean, all other cru-
el ſavages, outing from their mouths the ono tf ju on of
every bereſie, wound their own country (to wbi hy
x ever grateful, and every thing that*s old, nauſeous and
contemptible,) In favour of theſe Arians, Conſtantius
conven'd a Council of four hundred weſtern Biſhops
at Ariminum ; allowing all of them neceſſary proviſions.
But that was deemed by the Aquitanes, French, and Bri.
tains , wery unbecoming ; and therefore refuſing that
maintenance - from the Emperor, they choſe rather to live
at their own charges. * Three only out of Britain, who
were not able ta maintain themſelves, were maintained by
ſafe and honourable to live wpors the publick, than
at the charge of particular perſons.
Afffer this, upon the death of Con/fantins, Fulian Tiras
Empcr W.
AM. Mar.
Officers, out of Britain, and ſent away Alipius, who
was Prafect in the ſame Iſland to Jeruſalem, ro rebuild
it ; where ſuch ſtrange flaſhes ot fire broke out near
the foundations, as deterr'd them from that at-
tempt : and many thouſand Jews, who were for-
ward in advancing that work, in oppolition to the
decrees of providence, were overwhelmed in the
rubbiſh. This diflolute Emperor, and pretended Phi-
lolopher, durſt not { as 'tis already obſerved ) come
to the relief of the oppretled Britains ; though at the
{ame time he extorted every year great quantities of
corn for the ſupport of his German Arnues.
In the reign of Valeaiinian the Emperor, when Ya!
all nations were at war with one another, Britain
was continually infeſted by the Pits, the Saxons, the
Scots, and the Attacctii, Upon this, Frarmarius,
King of the Almans, was fent here, and made Tri-
bune of a body of 4'/mans (which at that time was
eminent for their ſtrength and number,) co check the
Barbarians in their incuriions.
ar, inp
However, by confederary among theſe barbarians, Bri- Am. a
tain was reduced to preat miſery ; Nectaridus
the ſea-ſhore ſlain, and Bulchobaudes rhe General, au
off by treachery. This news was recerved at Court with
great concern, and the Emperor ſent Severus, at that time
. * cell
, Count of 9
wor /
& 20
L High Steward of bu Houſhold, to puniſh theſe mſclen» * Dow)... }
cies ; if good fortune ſbould put it in hs
was ſoon after recalled, and [ſucceeded
7 Jovinus, 22>
ſent back -| Proventuſides wh all ſpeed,
But be COrrimn (i
mil en,
ro intimate the \ pr,
neceſſity there was of greater ſupplies, and bow much the place .
preſent ſtate of affairs required it, At laſt, upon the great
diſtreſs that Iſland was reported to be in, {heodofius
was difpatch*d hither, eminent for hu exploits and good for.
tune, He baving [elefted a ſtrong bedy of men ont of the
Legions and Cohorts, began the —_—_ with great
hopes, The Pitts were at that time di
tiens, the Dicalidonz awd TeRuriones ; and /ikewſe
rupted.
7,
©0 40/1 4!
vided into 1wo ne p,q,
the AttaCotti, a warlike people, and the Scots, were A'ract,
ranging up and down the country for ſpoil and boty. As ***:
for Gaul, the Franks and Saxons (who border upon it )
were always making inroads both by land and ſia ; and
what by the [poil they took, the towns they burnt, and the
men they kill d, were wery troubleſome there. If fortune
would bave favoured, thi brave Captain, now bound for
the remoteſt part of the world, was reſolved to have
curbed them. When he came to the Coaſt of Bo-
logn (which is ſevered from the oppoſite Country by a nar-
row ſea, apt to 119 high at ſome times, and again t0 fall
into a plain and level ſurface, like a champaign country, at
which tim? "tus navigable without danger ) be ſet ſail, and
arrived at Rhutupizx, 4 ſafe harbour over againſt ut. When
the Batavians, Herulians, the Jovii, and V i&tores (brave
bold men who followed him ) were landed likewiſe, he {ct
forward for London, an ancient town, called in after ages
be fell pon the enemy, diſperſed up and down the country,
and laden with ſpoil and booty. were | ſoon routed,
and forced to leave their prey; which was nothing but
catthe and priſoners, they had took from this miſerable
Country, After he bad made veſt itution of the booty to the
reſpe#xoe owners, ſaving only ſome ſmall part to refreſb
his army, be entered the City in great ſtate, which (though
in the utmo(t affliftion and miſery at that time) ſoon re-
vived upon it, in hopes of recovery, and protetion for the
future, This ſucceſs ſoon put him upon greater deſigns ;
yet to proceed warily, he conſidered upon the intelligence he
bad £8 from fuguroes and captives, that fo great a mul.
titude as the enemy (compoſed of ſeveral nations, and thoſe
of a fierce heady temper) were not to be rewted but by ſtra-
tagem and ſurpriſe. Having publiſhed bis declaration,
and a pardon therein to ſuch as would lay down their arms ;
be order'd all deſerters and others difper d up and down the
country for forage and proviſion, to repair to him. This
brought m many ; upon which rernforcement , be thought
to take the field, but deferred it upon other conſiderations,
till he could have Civilis ſent to be his Deputy ; a man
ſomewhat paſſionate, but very juft and upright ; and alſo
Dulcitius, a gallant Captain, and experrenced in the arts
of war. Afterwards, taking beart, he went from Au-
| f guſta,
London,
Auguſta. Having divided his army into ſeveral bodies, called 4+
guſts.
Cry.
Dy'ci''s
IxxXi
Romans 1” Britain.
hin A 4 wt... d ts. A. AM 26 wells.
A
Ixxxit
Valent ine
railcs a d!-
ſtur Dance
inBr it an.
Lrable
%- and brother-jn-law to Maximinus (that intolerable |
ormerly called Londinum, with a good army,
ures Thr as ado be bad raiſed) and thereby proved
a great ſupport to the ſinking ſtate of the poor Britgins.
He took in all ſuch places as wight favour bim in cutting
off the enemy by ambuſcade, and impoſed nothing upen the
common ſoldiers, but what he would do him TY Thaes he
diſcharged the office of an ative. and bardy ſouldier, as
well as of a brave General \, and by that means defeated
ſeveral nations, who bad the inſolence to invade the Ro-
man Empire ; laid the foundation of a laſting peace, and
reſtored both Cities and Caſtles that were reduce to great
ſtreights, to their former happineſs... In thy juncture,
there happened an il accident, which might have beep of |
dangerous conſequence, if it had not been timely prevemed,
One Valentigus, of Valeria Pannonia, 6 .
ty, afterwards Lieutenant} was baniſhed for an bs
nous crime into thus Iſland ; where, like forme ' favape
of a reſtleſs temper, be put all. things wm diforder 'by
plots and inſurrections againſt Theodolius, and that pure-
ly our of pride and envy, he being the only man that
could cope with bim. However, that he might progeed
with condutt and ſecurity i theſe gmyitions purſuits, be
endeavoured to draw in all exiles and hs wat to him with
the encouragement and proſpect of much booty. But theſe
deſigns taking air, and comm to the General's eax before
they were full ripe for execution, be took tare like a wiſe
Captain, to be before hand with him, borh to prevent and
puniſh the confpurators, Valentinus himſelf, with ſome
of the chief of bus cabal, he cuxmmitred to Dulcitins ro ſee
executed, but upon laying things togetber, (for he was
the wiſeſt and moſt experienced ſonldier 0 w time,) be
would [uffer no farther iry after the other Conthira-
tors, F gr Pala nila Fs would ſtriks, 449
again imbroil the Province, which was now in. ggace and!
quietneſs, From this be turned his thoughts uhop hoe re-
formation of ſome things, which now grew mtolerable ,
being freed from all dangers that might divert him,
and ſenſible hat fortune was ever favourable to' bu de-
rons ; and ſo be applied bimfelf to the repairing off Onties
JE, Tm Ta king tg [ai ens the
ſtrengthening the Frontiers and Caſtles with 2watches and
intrenchments. Having thus R_ = s _
was poſſeſſed by the enemy, be reſtored it ſo compleatly to
its = FA that _ bus motion, it had a * lawful
Governor ſet over it, and was ufterwards, by the Princes
order, called Valentia. The Areans, & ſort of men inſti.
tured by the ancients, were diſplaced by bim as corrupt and
treacherous ; being plainly convitt of giving intelligence of
our affairs to the Barbarians for rewards and bribery. For
their buſineſs was to run to and fro with news from the
neighbouring Countreys to our Captains. Affter theſe regu.
lations, ſome others made by bim with great applauſe,
he was ſent for to Court, leaving the Provinces in ſuch a
calm and happy condition, that he was no leſS bonowred
for bu ſucceſs and wvittories, thaw Furius Camillus, cr
Curſor Papirius. And ſo being attended with the ac.
clamations of all, as far as the ſea, he ſailed over with a
gentle pale, and arrived at the Prince*s camp, where be
was recerved with great joy and commendation, For
theſe famous exploits here, a ſtatue on horſeback was
erected in honour of him, as Symmackes, to his
fon Theodoſius the Emperor, informs us. The
founder of your ſtock and family, was one that was Gene-
ral both in Africa and Britain, honoured by the Senate
with hu Statues on horſeback among the ancient Heroes,
Thus Claudian likewiſe, in his Commendation.
Ile Caledonizs poſur qui caſt ra pruinis,
Qui medio Libye ſub caſſide pertulit eſt us,
Terribilis Mauro, debellatorque Britanni
Littoris,” ac pariter Borea wvaſtator & Auſtri.
Quid rigor aternas ? Czli quid {ydera proſunt ?
Ig notumque fretum ? maduerunt Saxone fuſo
Orcades, incaluit Pifforum ſanguine Thule,
Scoronon cumulos fleuit placialis Hiberne,
Brave he, that quell'd the Ca/edonian foe,
And pitch'd his trozen tents in conſtant ſnow.
That on his faithful creſt undaunted bore,
'The furious Beams on Lybr2's parched ſhore.
How vain's eternal froſt, and angry ſtars,
And ſeas untried by fearful Mariners ?
The waſted Orkney: Saxon gore o'reflow'd,
And Thule now grew hot with recking blood.
Cold Ireland mourn'd her ſlaughter?d ons in vain,
Ang heaps of Scors.that coverd All the plain. '
And in another plate.” :: . | |
—_ ew _ = op
Treſcis Lybia, ratww/que impervia Thule,
Itte leves Manros, nes falſe nome Pictas
Egonit, Scotumgque vago mucrone ſequutes
Fregs Hyper boreas remit apdacibre undas $5
Er genius fulgens 1910que: ſub axe trophais,
Torkpos akirng re |
taleh if arenas. .
Scorch'd \Lyhia's borders tremble at his power,
And Tiwle's clifls that fcarnthe labouring-gar.
He the light A4vors in happy war o'recame,
And. Pts that vary nothing from their name.
With wandring arms'the.timorous Scots purſued,
SAO with ventrous keeks theNarthern thood.
Spurit'd the bold tide, as atuthe-fand #& rowls,
And fix'd his trophies under both the Poles
need I mention the Scot pres to the boggs there, or thz
Saxons, who are ruined by ſea? Affer him, Gratian
ſu:ceeded inthe Empire, who alfo declared Theod:ſins,
ſon of that Theodotius before mentioned, Empeior :
which was took ſo ill by Maxanus
Spain, deſcended from Conftantine the' Great, and
his will greeted fo by his foldiers.A man juſt and vali-
ant, and worthy of that honour, if he had nor come ro
and then tranſporting the flower of the Britains, and
arriving at the mouth of the Rhine, he won over all
the German forces to his party, fixed his Court at
and thence, as Gildas ſays, ſtretching out his wings,
one towards Spain, and another towards Italy, he
raiſed:taxes and tributes among the barbarous nations
of Germany, by the meer terror of his name. Gra-
tian at laſt took the field againft him, bur after skic-
milhes for five days together, was deſerted by his ar.
my,and fo put to flight. Upon that he ſent St. Ambroſe
his Embaſlador to treat for a peace ; which was con-
cluded, bne with great equivocation and treachery.
Thus Pacatus Drepanus likewiſe of "tim. Ihat _
pe
his rival (born in M 'x: 11s
TRE &ty-
then commanded the Army in Bricain) that he ſec up X-ſvin
tor Emperor himſelf; or, as Oroſius ſays,was againit 0:4:
ic by uſurpation, and againft his allegiance, Firſt, be p-.,;--
routed the Pitts and Scots as they made an tnroad bere ; Tyr.
Triers (whence he was called Imperator Trevericus ;) Gregorrus
Tucronenſts.
For Maximus diſpatched away Andragatbius in a cloſe cereus.
chariot; ſpreading a report, that Gratian's wife was
arrived from Britain, and was carricd in it. Upon
which news, Gratian went, out of affection, to meet
her ; but as foon as he came out of the coach, An.
dragathius leapt out with the relt of his gang, and
murthered him. Ambroſius was lent again to beg the
corps > but was not fo much as admitted, becauſe
he had refuſed to- communicate with thoſe Biſh
that had ſided with Maximus. Upon this ſucce
Maximus had his ſon Vier declared Czfar, puniſhed
the Captains that adhered to Gratian, and ſetled his
affairs un Gaul. He was alſo acknowledged Empe-
ror at the requeſt, or rather demand of his Emballa-
dors, ; Frguarrg— Auguſtus, who then governed
in the Eaſt; and his Picture was fet up in Alexan-
dria- And now he had impoveriſhed the Commen-
wealth, and ſatisfied his own covetouſnels by a gene-
ral extortion. The pretence he had for his tyranny,
was to defend the Catholick Religion. Pri/ciliian,
l and ſome of his ſet, being at the Council of Bourde-
aux convict of hereſie, and having appealed to the
Emperor, were by him condemned to death ; not-
withſtanding, that Martin, a holy man, and Biſhop
of Tours, humbly beſought the Emperor to abſtain
from the blood of thoſe unfortunate wretches; al-
ledging, that a ſentence of Excommunication wouid
be ſuthcient puniſhment, and that it was a thing
| new,and unheard of, that a ſecular Judge ſhould give
ſentence in an Ecclefiaſtical matter. "Theſe were the
firſt, that (to the il example of alter ages) were put
todeath by the Civil power tor Herelie. Afffer this,
he entered ltaly with ſo great terror, that Vaſlentinian
fled with his mother to Theed:ſirs, the Cities of Italy
opened their gatcs to him, and did him all che: ho-
| G NQur
Zofemus.
Pri ic IG!
mſi.
/
Sulpitiu
SEVETWS,
ore
A.
Romans im Britain.
Ixxxiy
Ixxxii
nour imaginable ; particularly Bononia, where this
inſcription is yet extant;
v4 Rows
Reipub.
Sulpitivs
Alex an-
Zmmaras.
Z ofimn its.
Pre Crus.
Homnius
Emp.
but Nannius and
whom Maximus
fon, and the government of Gaul) repelled them
with great ſlaughter, forc'd them not only to give
hoſtages, but to deliver up the authors of that war.
Valentinian now addrefles himſelf to Theodoſms to
relieve him in this miſery, being thruſt our of his
throne by an Ulſurper ; but had for ſome time no
ſee a ſeditious ſervant ſuperior to that maſter, who bad
DD. NN MAG. C. MAXIMO, ET FL.
VICTORI, PIIS, FELIGIBVS, SEMPER
AVGVSTIS * B. R. NATIS.
|
In this juncture the Pranks made inroads mto Gaul,
wintinus, ewo great Captains (to |
committed S education of his
more than this anſwer, That it was no ways ſtrange to
himſelf rejetted hu true Lord : For Valentinian was
fainted with Arianiſm. Yer at laſt, after much in-
treaty, he ſer forward with an army againſt Maximus,
who was then without the leaſt app ſion of it in
Aquileia; for be had all the paſles through
the mountains, and ſecured the haven with his fleer ;
and with great reſolution and confidence, welcomed
Theodoſjus with a battle at Siſcia in Parnonia ; and
then again with another, which was fought very ob-
ſtinately under the conduct of his brother Marcelius :
yet both with ſuch ill ſucceſs, that he was obliged to
retreat to Aquileia, and was there taken by his own
ſoldiers, as he was diſtributing money among them,
ſtript of his royal robes, and led ro Theodoſi-
us. By his order he was put to death, after he had
reigned five years. Hence that of Auſonius in praiſe
of Aquileia,
Non erat iſte locus : merito tamen autla recenti,
Nona inter claras Aquileia cieberis urbes
Itala ad Iilyricos objetFa colonia montes,
HMenibns & portu celeberrima : ſed magis illud
Eminet, extremo quod te ſub tempore legit,
Sorverat exatto cut juſta piacula luſtro
Maximus, armigeri quondam ſub nomine lixe:
Felix qui tanti ſpetFatrix heeta triumphs,
Puniſti Aujonio Rutupinum Marte latronem.
And thou, ſince new deſerts have rais'd thy name,
Fair Aquileia ſhall't be ninth in fame.
Againlt I!lyrian hills, thy cliffs are ſhown,
Thy walls and harbour gain thee vaſt renown :
Bur this new praiſe ſhall make theeever proud,
That here the Tyrant choſe his laſt ©, :
And pay*d the vengeance he fo long had ow'd:
"That thou vile Maximas did'ſt laſt recetve,
Rais'dto a Monarch from a Knapſack-ſlave.
Bleſt rown / that all that noble triumph view'd,
And ſaw Rhutupium's thief by Roman arms ſubdu'd!
Andregatkius finding now his condition deſperate,
threw himſelf over ſhipboard into the Sea. Vitor,
Maximus's fon, who was in Gaul, was likewiſe rout-
cd, taken, and put to death. "The Britains, who
fided with Maximus, as ſome writers fay, invaded
Armorica, and there ſeated themſelves. Theodoſius
ſoon after his viory, entered Rome with his fon
Hunerms in triumph, and made an edit, That no one
ſhould challenge or keep any honour conferred upon him
the tyrant ; but ſhould return to his former ſtate, and pre.
rend to no more, Valentinian likewiſe : That all edit#s
of Maximus, the worſt of tyrants, ſhould be repealed,
Ambroljus, at the funeral of Theodoſms, had this
faying; Maximus and Eugenius are wretched inſtances
new in hell, to ſhew us how dangerous it is to rebel againſt
a lawfu! Prince. In a word, this victory was thought
ſo great and memorable, that the Romans from thence
forward, made thatday an univerſal feſtival.
Theod. fins was ſucceeded in the weſt by his ſon
Honorius, a boy of ten years old ; who was commit-
ted to the care and tuition of Fiawvius Srilico, a v
famous man, that had accompanied Theodoſjus in all
his wars and vitories; and was by him gradually
railed to the greateſt Offices in the army, as alſo per-
mitted ro marry into the Imperial tamily : yet cloy'd
with this ſucceſs, and falling into ambitious attempts,
he loſt his lite miferably. For ſome years, he attend-
ed the affairs of che Empire with great diligence, and
ſecured Britain againſt the Pics, Scots, and Saxons.
Hence that of Claudian, making Britain fay,
Me quoque vicinis pereuntem gentibus, inquir,
Munivit Stilico, totam quum Scotus Hybernew
Movit, & mfeſto ſpumavit remige Thetis.
Illins effettum curis, ne bella timerem
Scotica, nec Piftum tremerem, ne littore toto
Profpicerem dubtis venientem Saxona wventit.
And I ſhall ever own his happy care,
Who fav'd me ſinking in unequal war. _
When Scots came thundring from the [riſh ſhores,
And ttWOcean trembled, ſtruck wich hoſtile oars.
Secur'd by him, nor Scottiſh rage I mourn,
Nor fear again the barbarous Picts return.
No more their vefſels, with the dubious ride,
To my ſafe ports the Saxon pirates guide.
Ac that time Britain ſeems co have been ſafe enough
from any enemy ; for in another place 'cis thus, in
the ſame Poet.
domito quod Saxona Thetis
Mitior, aut frafto ſecura Britannia Piddo.
That ſeas are free, ſecur'd from Saxon power,
And Pits once conquer'd, Britain fears no more.
And when Alaric (King of the Goths) threatned
Rome, that Legion gari then in the frontiers
Barbarians, was drawn from hence; as
againſt the
Claudian in his account of the ſupplies ſent for from
all quarters ſeems to intimate.
Venit & extremis legio pratenta Britannic,
Que Pitto dat frena truci, ferroque notatas
Perlegit exanimes Pifto moriente figuras.
Here met the Legion, which in Britain laid
That curb'd the hery Scor, and oft furvey'd
Pale ir*n-burnt figures on the dying Pitt.
learned, and worthy of fo high a ſubject.
thus alſo, fon of Bilhop Martian ; who under Theo-
doſius being a Conſular Deputy in Iraly, was made
Vicegerent in Britain ; where he was fo much prais'd
and admired for his adminiſtration of affairs, thac a.
gainſt his will, he was made Biſhop of the Novatians
at Conſtantinople. Theſe people began a ſchiſm
in the Church, and were called * Cathari, had
their peculiar Biſhops, and were themſelves a diſtinct
ſe& ; obſtinately, but impiouſly denying, That one
relaps'd toa ftate of ſin after baptiſm, could not afterward;
be > ir This was that Biſhop, who (as we read)was
wont to take no more of the Church revenues for his
own uſe and ſubſiſtence,than two loaves every Sunday.
As the Roman intereſt began now to decline in
the welt, and the barbarous nations to break into the
Provinces in the continent ; the Britiſh army, to pre-
vent their being involved in the like broils, and con-
ſidering the neceflity there was of chooling a brave
Emperor for repelling the Barbarians ; applied them-
ſelves to think of that matter. Firſt, made
choice of Marcus, and obey*d him as Emperor in
thoſe parts. He, not anſwering their expeRation,
by | «#, a country man of their own, and having put the
him, — as
royal robes and crown upon
their Prince ; bur falling into a diſlike of him too,
they dethroned him after a reign of four months, and
in concluſion put him to death. Next, they choſe
Conſtantine, one of the common ſoldiers, che
ſole account of his name, which they took for a g
omen. For, from the very name of Conſtantine,
they entertained themſelves with certain hopes, that
he would rule with ſucceſs and courage, and defeat
the Barbarians; as Conſtantine the Great did, who
was made Emperor in Britain Conſtantine ſerting (ail
from hence, arrived at inGaul,and caſily drew
in all the Roman army as tar as the Alps, to fide with
hum. He defended /alentia with great bravery a-
ainſt the Emperor Honorius z and fortified the
hine wm ws which had for a long time been
neglected. He built alſo forts to command the paſles
of the Cottian, Penine, and Maritime Alpes. In
Spain, by his fon Conſtans (who of a Monk, was
now
Emp.
was ſoon put to death ; and then they ſet up Grati- Gr.
About this time flouriſhed Faſftidies, Biſhop of the Fof: 4
Britains, who wrote ſome books of Diviniy, very ©"***
Chr;(an- Chr)/an
thus
Niceps.
® ; eo Por
The Tr
parrite i
itory.
Mara
Emp
Conf»
find =
Ms,
A,
nf.
ew
Ip.
4,
xxXV Romans
in Britain. Ixxxvi
now made Augu/tu:) things were likewiſe managed
with good ſucceſs: and by letters to Honerius, exculing
himſelf, as forced to this by his ſoldiers, Honorius pre-
{>nted him with an Imperial robe. This railed his
mind fo, that having pailed the Alps, he began to
think of Rome ; but upon the news then brought him,
that Alarick the Goth was dead (who was a great pro-
moter of his intereſt) he went back to Arles; where he
tixt the ſeat of the Empire, commanding it to be call.
d rhe City Conſtantina, and a Convention of feven
C .
Yerovinces to be held there. His fon Conſtans was
{>nt for out of Spain, that nos might concert affairs.
Conltans leaving his Princels and his furniture at
Sarragoſa, and committing Spain to the care of Ge-
rontizes, went {treight to his father. When they had
been together for many days, and no danger was ap-
prehended, Conltantinus giving himſelf up wholly to
luxury, adviſed his ſon to return to Spain. But ha-
ving ſent away his Attendants before, while he ſtaid
behind with his father, the news was brought him
from Spain, that Gerontius had ſet up Maximus (one
of his ſervants) Emperor, and that he was preparing
to advance againſt him at the head of the Barbarians.
Upon this ill news, Conſtance, along with Decimmes
98:1 Ruſt ics, who, from * Maſter of the Offices, was now
__ preferred to be 2 Prefett, having fentEdobeccrs before
to the German nations, marched towards Gaul with
the Franks and Almans, and the other forces, in-
ending ſpeedily to return to Conſtantine. But Con-
{tans was intercepted at Viemne in Gaul by Geronti-
us, and put to death z and Conſtantine himſelf was
beſieged in Arles. Honorius ſending one Conſt ant is
to his relief, put Gerontizs in ſuch a fright, that he
run away ; which ſo enraged his ſoldiers, that they in-
velted his houſe, and reduced him to ſuch a pinch,
that firſt he beheaded his faithful friend Alanas, and
then Nunnichia his wite, upon her requeſt to die with
him ; and laſt af all, laid violent hands upon himfelf.
Conſtantine, upon the ſevereneſs of this ſiege, and
diſs the unhappy engagement of Ezobecews, began to de-
ſpair, and after he had held out four months, and
reigned four years, threw off che Imperial robes, and
the burthen that attends them; then took upon him
the Orders of a Presbyter, furrender'd Arles, was
carried into Italy, and beheaded with his fon Julian,
(to whom he had given the title of Nobuliſſimus) and
likewiſe Sebaftzan, From that time, Britain rernrned
to the ſubjection of Honorius, and was happy for a
wi While under the gallant and wife conduct of Yittori.
vernor 72285, Who then governed the Province,and pur a ſtop
Ht 15 the inroads of the Pits and Scots. In commen-
dation of him, there are extant in Rutilius Claudius,
theſe verſes, very worthy of that author.
Conlcins Oceanus virtutum, conſcia Thule
Et quecunque ferox arva Britannus arat.
Qua prafettorum vicibus franate poteſt as
Perperuum magni fenus amore haber.
Extremum pars tha quidem diſceſſit in orbem,
Sed tanquam medio rettor in orve futt.
Plus palme eſp illos inter voluiſſe placere,
Inter quos minor eft diſplicuiſſe pudor.
Him Thule, him the vanquiſh'd Ocean knows,
And thoſe vaſt fields the fiery Britain ploughs.
T*abuſe their power where yearly Przfects fear
A bleſt increaſe of love rewards his care.
Tho that great part another world had ſhown,
Yet he both worlds as eaſie rul'd as one.
*Tis nobler gentle methods there to uſe
W kereroughett means would merit juſt excuſe.
Alarick having took Rome, Honorius recall'd
Victerinus with the army ; upon which the Britains
betook themſelves to their arms, and ſeeing all at
ltake, freed their cities, and repell'd the Barbarians.
All the country of Armorica likewiſe, and the other
Provinces of Gaul tollow*d their example, and rid
themizlves ; caſting out the Roman gariſons, and
tonning themſelves into a diſtinct Commonwealth,
as they thought beſt convenient. This rebellion of
Britain, and the Baltick Nations, happen'd juſt as
Conltantine uſurp'd the Empire ; when by his neg-
lect of affairs, the Barbarians, in motion at that time,
uleſted the Provinces without controul. Yet a while
—
aſter, the cities of Britain applied themſelves ro Hoo.
ris for aid; in anſwer to which addreſs he fent them
no ſupplies, but letters to exhort them 10 take care
and detend themſelves. The Britains animated by
theſe letters of Honorius the Emperor, rook up
arms accordingly to defend their own cities ; bur
being overpower'd by the Barbarians (who from all
quarters came 1n upon them) they fent their earneſt
etitions again to Honorius to ſpare ſome affiltance. rw:
pon this he granted them one legion ; which upon %4/*-»
their arrival, ſoon routed a great body of the enemy,
drove the reſt out of the Province, and caſt up an
earthen wall between tle Frith of Edenburgh and the
Cluid ; which notwithitanding prov'd of very litcle
uſe. For, as ſoon as the legion was recall'd to de-
tend Gaul, they return'd, eaſily broke through this
trontier, and with great outrage rov'd, piunder'd, and
deltroy'd every thing. Again, they fend their Em-
baſſadors to repreſent their grievances, with par-
ments rent, and ſand upon their bare heads (Obſerve
the manner,) to beg atliſtance of the Romans. Upon
this, three compantes under the conduct of Gallio of »:!;:.-.;
Ravenna was ſent them by Valentinian ; theſe like- 11.
wiſe routed the Barbarians with great valour, and in 53%.
ſome meaſure reſcu*d the Province from its diſtreſs ras.
and miſery. They made a wall alſo of tone (nct rai? d Gilaas.
at the publick and private coſts as the other was) with the
belp of the poor natives, buil after the u/ua! manner, quite
croſs rhe country from one ſea to the other, by thoſe cities Brrween
that were perhaps built there for fear of the enemy © They *<Mourh
exborted $ 42k to be couragious, and left them patterns to cbs +
make their weapons by. Upon the Southern ſhore of Bri-
tain alſo, where their ſhips lay (becauſe the barvarors enc-
my might enter there) they built turrets at ſome diſtance
from one another, that lookt along way to the ſea; and [0
the Romans intending never to return more, took their laſt
farewell.
Now was the ſtate of affairs every where in a
lamentable and wretched poſture. The Empire fell
down-right lame (as it were) and decrepit through
the extremity. of old age z and the Church was grie-
vouſly peſter*'d with Hereticks, who ſpread their poy-
{onous doftrines univerſally, amidſt the calamities of
war. One of whom was Pelagizs born here, whodero-
gating from the grace of God, taught in this Iſland,
That we might attain to a perfett righteouſneſs, by the Sigib.
merit of our own works, Another was Timethews, who * _—
blaſphemouſly diſputed againſt the Divinity and In- *
carnation of our Saviour.
Now was the Roman Empire in Britain fully ex- Curenicen
a it being the four hundredth ſeventy ſixth year 75%
rom Czſar's coming in ; when under the govern-
ment of Valentinian 3. the Roman Forces were
tranſported by that Gallio ſpoke of, for the ſervice
of France ; and having buried their treaſures, and
bereft Britain of her youth by frequent muſters, left
her incapable of defence, and a prey to the ravage
and barbarity of the Pifts and Scots. From whence
Proſper Aquitanws took occaſion to write truly, That,
Ar this time through the Roman im{ufficiency, the force
and vigour of Britain was totally cxhauſted. And our
Malmsbury-Hiftorian : When war erage had Ieft none but
half foreigners in our fields, none but glattons and debau-
chees in our cities ; Britain, robl*d of ber vigorous youth,
and altogether uncultivated by the exerciſe of arts, fot,
a prey to its neighbours, who $494 after her deſt ruttion.
For immediately after, many loſt their lives by the incur-
frons of the Pitts and Scots, many villages were burnt,
and cities demoliſh'd, and all things turn'd topſy turvy by
fire and ſword. The Inhabitants of the Iſland were mecs
perplex*d, who thought it better to truſt to any thing than
to a deciſive battle : ſome of 'em betook themſelves by ſlight
to the mountains, others having buried their treaſures
(many of which have been dug up in thu age) made for
Rome, to beg aſſiſtance there. Pu! as Nicephorus truly
ſtated the matter, YValentinzan the 3d not cnly could nat
recover Britain, Spain, and France, which were wreſted
from bu Empire ; but hoſt Africa into the bargain.
*T was not without reaſon therefore, that Gildas cried
out, that Biitain was rob'd of ber ſouldicrs, of ber mili.
tary forces, of ber rulers, (though barbarous as they were
and of her numerous youth. For, beſide thoſs whom
| Maximilian, that Uſurper, and the laſt Conſtantine
G 2 drew
CP) WP > EATS FHP io oO WEL Vn OO As Hs 9 oi, et 4
w_ — Ge Tn _
— — ———_—
Ix>xxvii
Britiſh Cos.
| X X XVlii
How the
Britains
are de-
riv*d trom
the Tro-
14ns.
_— —_ ———
drew off; 'tis plain, from ancient Inſcriptions and.
the Notiti.:, that theſe forces were in the ſervice of
the Romans, fcatter'd throughout their Provinces,
and {Hl recruited from Britain :
Ala Britannica Milliaria
Ala THI. Briconum in + tg ypto.
Cohors Prima e/flia Britonum.
Cohars HI Britonum.
Cobors VIE Britonwnn.
Cobors XVI. Britonum in Armen,
Brit anmiciant ſub Magiſtro peditum,
Invitt; juniores Britanniciant } inter auxilia
Exculcatores jun. Britan, ) Palatina.
Britones cum Magiſtro Equitum Galliarum,
Invitl; Funiores Britones intra Hiſþanos
Bri:ones Seniores in Illyrico.
No wonder that Britain was expos'd to foreigners,
when ſo many and ſo conſiderable forces were daily
drawn from her ; which confirms that remarkable
picce of truth in Tacitus, That there was no ſtrength
in the Roman armies, but what came from abroad.
Whilſt I thus treat of the Roman Empire in Bri-
tain ( which laſted, as I ſaid, about 476 years) I
cannot but confider with my ſelf, how many Colo-
nies of Romans muſt be tranſplanted hither in ſo
long time ; how many ſouldiers were continually
ſent from Rome for Gariſons ; how many were dil-
patch'd hither, to negotiate either publick or their
own private affairs, who gas No. with the Bri-
tains, ſeated themſelves here, and multiplied their
Families. For whereſoever (lays Seneca) he Romans
conquer'd, they inhabited, So thatT have oftentimes con-
cluded it much more probable,that the Britains ſhould
derive themſelves from the Trojans by theſe Romans
(who doubtleſs deſcended from them) than either
the Arverni, who from Trojan Blood (tile themſelves
brethren to the Romans ; or the Mamertins, Hedui,
and others, who claim kindred with the Trojans upon
fabulous grounds. For Rome that common Mother,
(as one callsher) challenges all ſuch for her citizens,
qua YEUINXIH,
us domuit, nexuque pio longs
Wim conquer'd ſhe in ſacred bonds hath tied.
And *tis ealie to believe that the Britains and Romans,
by a mutual engrafimg tor 1o many years together,
have grown up into one Nation ; flince the Ub in
Germany, twenty eight yearsatrer their Colony was
planted, made this anlwer with reſpect to the Ro-
mans in it: The « the natural country of thoſe that were Tacity
tranſplanted hither ;, as well thoſe that have marryed &- Þ. 4d
mongſt us, as thoſe that have iſſue by us. Nor can we
think you ſo unjuſt, that you would have us murder our
Parents, Brethren, and Children, If the Ubii and the
Romans, in ſo ſhort a ſpace of time came to the na-
tural relation of Parents, Brethren, and Children 5 what
ſhall we think of the Britains, and the Romans, who
were ſo many years aflociate? What likewiſe may
we ſay of the Burgundians, who, from a tin&ure of
their blood (during a ſhort abode in the Roman Pro-
vinces) call d themſelves the offspring of the Ro- 1.
mans ? Not to repeat what I have already faid, that
this Iſland was call'd Romania, and the Roman [land.
Thus much, reje&ing all fictions, I have ſfuamma-
rily (though by piece-meal, ) obſerv'd our of the
ancient monuments of antiquity z touching the Roman
Governments in Britain, their Embailadors, Pro.
rztors, Preſidents, Vicegerents, and Retors, Burt
would have done it more fully and accurately, had
Auſonins wy his word, who promiſes to reckon up
all choſe, who
Aut Italum popwios, Aquilonigenaſque Britannos
Prefetturarum titulo tenuere ſecunds.
In Traly or Britain's Northern ſhore,
The PrzfeRt*s honour with ſucceſs have bore.
But ſince ?tis agrecd on all hands among the learned,
that ancient Coins give great light, and contribute
much to the underſtanding of old Hiſtories ; Ithoughe
it not amiſs, to preſent the Reader wich ſome fuch
Pieces, as well of the Britains (who firit ſtoop'd to
the Roman Yoke) as of ſome Roman Emperors, (who
more immediately relate to Britain,) out of the Col-
le&ion of the famous Sir Robert Cotton of Connington ;
who with great care has made the Colle&tion,gand
with his wonted generoſity, freedom, and readinefs,
did impart them to me,
Conjetures upon the Britiſh Coins.
The ſecond likewiſe is Cunobelm's with his face and
I'S probable you may expethat I ſhould
make ſome ſhort remarks upon the Coins
which I have here repreſented. But
for my part, I freely declare my ſelf ar
a loſs what to ſay to things, fo much obſcur'd by their
diſtance and antiquity ; and you, when you read
theſe conjeftures, will plainly perceive that I have
only grop'd in the dark.
I have obſerv'd before from Czar, that the ancient
Britains uſed braſs-money, rings, or plates of iron ac-
cording to a certain fer weight ; and there are that
affirm they have found ſome of theſe in urns. Be-
fides theſe, there are now and then found in this
| Hland, gold, filver, and brafs coins, of ſeveral ſhapes
and weight; moſt of them hollow on one ſide : ſome
without letters, others with letters curiouſly wrought.
And ſuch as theſe I could never hear were digg'd up
im other places ; till of late Nicholas Faber Petraſcizs
(a noble young Gentleman of Provence in France
and of great knowledge and exactneſs in the Study
of Coins, ) ſhewed me ſome ſuch that had been found
in France. But to come tothoſe I have here given
/0U.
: The firſt is Cunobelin's, who flouriſhed under Au-
guſtus and Tiberius ; upon which (if I miltake not
are engraven the heads of a two-faced Fanus ; pol-
ſibly, becauſe at that time Britain begun to be a little
refined from its barbarity. For Fanas is faid to have
firſt changed barbarity into good breeding ; and for
that reaſon, to be painted with two faces, as it he
had hammer'd the ſame vilage into quite another
thing.
name ; and on the reverſe the mint-maſter with the
addition of the word TASCIA ; which in Britiſh
ſignifes a Tribute-Penny ( as I am informed by
. David Powel, a man admirably skiiled in that
language; ) perhaps from the Latin 7axatio, for the
Britains do not uſe the letter X. And upon the ſame
account, we ſee Moneta often upon the Roman
Coins.
The third is alſo the ſame Cunobelin's, with a horſe
and CUNO ; and with an car of corn and CAMR,
which ſeems to ſtand for Camalodunum, the palace of
Cunobelin.
The fourth by the VER ſeems to have been coin'd
at Verulam.
The fifth likewiſe is Cunobelir's,
The ſixth, wanting the afliſtance of letters, I know
nothing of.
The ſeventh, which is Cunobelin's, with this In-
(cription Taſc Novanei, with a woman's head, I dare
not poſitively affirm to have been the Tribute-money
of the Trinovantes, who were under his government.
Apollo with his harp, andthe name of Cunobelin on the
reverſe, bring to my mind what I have ſomewhere
obſerved of the God Belinus ; namely, that the an-
cient Gauls worſhip'd Apollo under the name of Be-
linus., And this is confirmed by Dioſcorides, who
exprelly ſays, that the Herba Apollinars (in the juice
whereof the Gauls uſed to dip their arrows) was call'd
in Gauliſh Belixuntia, From which I durſt almoſt
make this inference, that the name of Cunob:lin, as
alſo that of Caſſibiin, came originally from the wor-
ſhip
Marce,
I. 24.
Brianmes .
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v4, ABS. DARN PR, 8 TO WES WOT EY 1 0% DET ENS oth pe AE Eee 2s
ay YH
IyXX1X
Britiſh Coms.
ſhip of Apollo 3 as well as Phebitius and Delphidins.
Uk A: ſhould rather imagine, that as Apollo for
his yellow hair was called by the Greeks Zex>v5, and
by the Latins Flawus ; fo by the Bricains and Gauls,
Relin. For a man of a yellow complexion in Britiſh
is called commonly Melin, Belin, Felm; and for that
reaſon, the ancient Belinus, Cunobelin, and Caſſivelin
(called alſo Caſſroellaun) ſeem to import as much as
Yellow Princes, For the Britains tell you that CUNO
is a name of dignity; and at this day they call a
ching that's principal or chief, Cynoc. But that it was
certainly a term of honour, is pretty evident from
Cungetorix, Cunobelinus, Cuneglaſus, Cuneda, and Cune.
dagus, among the Britains; and Cyngetorix, Convitto.
litanus, Conteodunus, among the ancient Gauls : all
names of Princes. And 1 know moreover , that
Gildas renders Cuneglaſus in Latin Lanio fulvus or
furvus, i, e. a deep yellow or black butcher ; called
by other a ky or glaſi-colour'd Prince : that alſo they
interpret Cuneda, a good Prince. Bur that the Ger-
man Koning, and our King came from this Cuno, I
dare not ſo much as imagine. In the mean time, I
am content to have ſported with this variety of con-
jeftures, that I might not expoſe my ſelf to the ridi-
cule of others.
The eighth has a - Chariot-horſe with a wheel
under it; and by the BODUO on the reverſe ſeems
to have belong'd to the people of the Bodwni, or to
Queen Boadicia, called alſo YVoadicia, and Bundeicua.
The ninth ; wherein one on horſe-back with a
ſpear and ſhield ; and CAERATIC in letters fcat-
ter'd ; from which I ſhould it to have been one
of that warlike Caratacas, to much commended by
Tacitus.
The tenth ; in one ſide whereof is written REX
under a man on horſeback ; and COM on the other,
enclines me to believe, with ſome others, that it was
one of Comias Atrebatenſis, whom Czfar mentions.
The eleventh ; which has on it a half moon with
this Inſcription REX CALLE, would agree well
enough to Calera a famous City.
The twelfth has a winged head, with the word
SER on the Reverſe a _ _ this In-
ription Ulatos, All my enqui er the meaning
of theſe words has den, . "_g Only I have ſeen
the Goddeſs Yiforie in the very ſame — the
Roman Coins ; but oh, app that the
Bricains ever called Victory ATEULA. That they
named Victory Andate, 1 have already obſerved from
Dio ; but whether that was the ſame with ANDAR-
TA, worſhip'd by the Yocontii in Gaul, I leave to the
oy. ms of others.
ere alſo you ſee the 13th with the word DIAS
TD cars
The 14th with a hog, and this inſcription VA-
NOC ; —_ reverſe the head of a Goddefs, poſ-
ſibly Venus, or Venutins, mentioned by Tacitus.
e Ifth, a head with an helmet it, and
DURNACO, but whether he was that Wwe
Prince of the Andes, whom Czſar mentions, I know
nor,
The 16th with a horſe, and ORCETT.
The 177th the Image of Auguſtus, and Taſcia 3 on
the reverſe a ll plbing,
The 18th CUNO within a laurel garland ; and on
the reverſe, a horſe, with TASCE.
I have likewiſe ſeen another with Pegaſus and
CAMU ;. on the reverſe whereof was a man's head
with an helmet, a ſhield between ears of corn, and
CUNO. Another with a horſe but ill ſhaped, and
EISU, perhaps one of ISURIUS; and on the re-
verſe, an car of corn. Another, wherein was a fol-
dier with a ſpear ; andon the reverſe, within a wreath
or chain, SOLIDU. I cannot believe, that it was
that piece of money called Solidus, which in that age
was always gold; whereas this is filver. It may with
{. greater probability be referred to the Selidurii ; for
lo the Gaul called thoſe -+ who had reſolved to live
and die together. The terms were theſe, that they
* ſhould enjoy all the advantages of life in common.
wich the perſons they had ſectled fuch a league with-
all: that if any violence ſhould be offercd them, they
ſhould either joyn in the ſame fortune, or kill them
ſelves. Nor was there ever any of theſe that refuſed
[to die after the party was lain, ro whoſe friendthip
he had devoted himſelf Whether theſe fouldiers,
who as ſtipendiaries were 4evcred ro ſore Prince ot
State, and called in ſeveral nations of Europe almolt
by the ſame name, Soldters, Soldats, Soldados, &c
whether theſe (I ſay) had their name from the $v/.
durii, is a point 1 had rather recommend to the con-
ſideration of others, than determine my ſelf Tho”
I am rather inclined to another opinion, that they
were only called Solidarii 1n after ages, to diſtinguiſh
chem from ſuch as by reaſon of their fees, ſerved
without the ſolid; or pay.
Whether this fort of money went commonly cur.
rant in the way of trade and exchange, or was at
firſt coined for ſome particular uſe, is a queſtion a-
mongſt the learned. Now my opinion of the mat-
ter (1f I may be allowed to interpoſe it) is this. AF.
ter Czfar had appointed how much tribute ſhould
be paid yearly by the Britains, and (under Auguſtus)
they were opprelt with the payment of portage, both
tor exporting and importing commodities ; they had
by degrees other taxes laid upon them, namely for
r cattle ; as being
firſt ſtampe for this uſe ; for greater cattle, with a
borſe ; for leſſer, with a hog ; for woods, with a rree ;
for corn ground, with an ear of corn ; as in that of
Verulam or St. Albans, inſcribed VERU. Bur thoſe
Poll-money, which was perſonal or laid upon the Head *
of every ſingle perſon ; upon women at twelve, and *
men at fourteen years of age. Which Bunduica or
Boadicia, a Queen of the Britains, complains of to
her ſubjets in theſe words : Te both graze and plow for
the Romans; nay, you pay an annual tribute for your wery
[ot I haveall along thought, that there was a cer-
tain fort of money coined on purpoſe for this uſe ;
ſeeing in Scripture. it is called expresſly rhe Tribute.
money, and Helychius interprets it, Kiro@, 64G yo-
uloud]@ imugercic, L e, Cenſus, is a certain money paid
for every head. And I am the more confirmed in this
opinion, becauſe in fome of them there is the Mint.
maſter _—_— the money, with TASCIA, which
among the Britains ſignifies a Tribute-peny. Not but
I grant that afterwards theſe came into common uſe.
Nor can | reconcile my ſelf to the judgment of thoſe
who would have a hog, a horſe, an ear, a Fanus, &c.
be the Arms of particular People, or Prince ; ſince
we find even in thoſe that one and the ſame Prince
and People uſed ſeveral of theſe Arms, as Cunobilin
ſtamp'd upon his coins a hog, a borſe, anear, andother
things.
in whether this Tribute-money was coined by the
Romans, or their Provincials, or their Kings, when
the whole world was tax'd by Auguſtus, I cannot eaſily
tell. One may gueſs them to have been ſtamp'd by
IO Britain, from the times of Ju-
lius Czfar to thoſe of Claudius, lived under its own
Laws,. and was left to its own Kings; and ſince they
*have on them the effigies and titles of Britiſh Princes.
For 'twas a received cuſtom among the Romans, to
have Kings as inſtruments of ſlavery ; who, as they
were in forue meaſure the Allies ot the Romans, by
degrees (as is uſual for the conquered) were inur'd
to. their cuſtoms, and ſeem to have begun to coin
their money by the Roman methods, and weights,
as alſo to write their ownname upon it. Bur a con-
crary inftance we find in Judza, gathered from our
'Saviour's Anſwer ; That they had Czfar's Image and
Superſcription, and were probably coined by the Ro-
mans. Which Cardinal C. Baronius, a moſt admi-
rable Eccleſiaſtical Hiſtorian, tells us in theſe words :
e was a cuſtom among the Romans, that ſhould be
coined by the Emperors according to the tribute or tax;
| 2»d ſhould not always keep the ſame Standard ;, but, by
2 ion to the increaſe or decreaſe of tributes, it here-
6 FiFered from Dy s %; bad always the
ame value, but the tax or tribute-money was alter'd ac-
cording to the different quality of the tribute. Though
ſome learned men do not clole with Baronius in this
Pont.
ll Additions
* corn-grounds, plantations, groves, paſturage of greater *St:ivi'
and ZI fubducd to obey as ſubjects ung
not as ſlaves, I have he that theſe coins were $arrwu
with a Mars head, ſeem to have been coined -þ for + pro 7:5:
0 Ca-
[8110+
Britiſh Cons.
—
NCh
Additions to Mr. Camden,
Concerning Britiſh COINS.
Py Mr. Walker.
ee ee ——_
——
oo 7 RO
Heſe eighteen firſt deſcribed, are in Mr. Camden 3
5 thoſe which follow, are partly out of Speed's
Viſtory, partly from other friends. Before we come
to the particulars, I defire to premiſe in general,
I. That we find very little mention of the Britains,
or their affairs, till Fulius Ceſar ; who left a briet but
material deſcription of the country and people, their
manners and cuſtoms , particularly concerning their
eraffick, and the great in{trument ot it, money : which,
he faith, was not Coin, but rings and pieces of: brals
and iron, delivered out by weight; as it was alſo in
the beginning at Rome. 50 that they had no mark
upon their metals of exchange; which ſeems ſome-
what odd, fecing that the invention is ſo eafie, rea-
dy, and ufeful for human converſation. But eſpeci-
ally, ſince in Abrahant's time coined or {famped money
was current amongſt merchants, and called by a par-
ticular name, ſhckel, taken ( it may be ) from the
weizht of it. And Jacob is ſaid to have given or paid
to Hemor, father of Sichem, for a part of a field, cer-
tum agn0s; which is interpreted, Aer. 7. 16. not lambs,
but pretio argemti; commonly explained, centum pre-
batos nummos, "This ignorance, I fay, ts ſtrange; ex-
cept we affirm the tranſmigration of the Predeceflors
of the Britains, to have been before Abraham's time,
from the Northern parts of Atia, not fo well civilized
as the Eaſtern; where Coin ſeems to have been an-
tiently, even before Abraham, the current inſtrument
of traffick. Long betore Czlar's time, Polybius tells
us, that theſe Ilands were frequented both by Greek:
and Phenicians, trading for tinn and other:commo.
dities. But it ſeems thoſe crafty people were careful
to conceal from theſe generally accounted heavie Nor-
thern nations, the value and uſefulneſs of money.
11. 'The Coins | have feen of the Britains, tor the
moſt part are neither gold' nor good filver, but of
mixed metals; and hol compalitions very different,
and not as yet by any, chat 1 know, endeavoured to
be diſcover'd : perhaps, ſince the quantities of them
are fo ſmall, and their vaue- taken from che fairneſs
of their imprefiion. Nor can we give any certain ac-
count of their weight, .becauſe we have very few of
one ſtamp, or perte&.; and ſame of them alto may
be probably thought counterfened.
HI. The Coins of the Britains are not unkke:thoſe
of the antient Gauls ; as thoſe of our Saxans, to thoſe
of the fir{t race of the Kings of the Franks, who ſet-
tled in France near the time that the Saxons invaded
Britain: concerning which. a farther account ſhall be
given by and by. Butinthis we find the Saxons ( as
the Engliſh after them, ) to differ both from the Gaul:
and Franks; that they did. not ſo often change the
weight or value of their Coins, much lefs raiſed and
decryed the ſame piece, according to the pleaſure
orneceſlities of the Prince. An action, lawiul indeed ;
but, without very great caution , detrimental and
prejudicial to the Subject. Bur in this , themſelves
confeſs the Engliſh to underſtand their intereſt bet-
ter than the French. | |
IV. I can hardly fatisfie my ſelf, why we have fo
many Coins of C:che/me, and fo jew of other Prin-
ces more famous, at leaſt in Roman ſtory ; ( for of
Britiſh Hiſtorians, we have none certainly antienter
than Gi/das; and he only ſpeaks of thofe near or of
his own time.) But we have nothing of Caratacss,
Arviragus, &c. but conjeftural Some of thoſe of
Cunobeline, L know, are modern ; perhaps alfo Cr,
ſignifying (as Camden obſerves) a Prince, may be
applied ( eſpecially fince many Coins have no more
than Cuno, ) to divers Princes, and 1s added. to the
| TI am not ſatisfied in the firſt of Mr. Camden.
at Rome; or that London was then a famous city for
trade; and therefore had both more money, and ber-
ter preſerved.
Remarks upon Mr. Camden's Conjedtures.
If it
be a Fen, 1 had rather apply irto the ſhutting of Fa-
»6's Temple by Auguſtus; in whoſe time Cunobeline
lived at Rome; and both himſelf and the Britains
were benefited by that general peace. But I fear, that
15 not the head of Fans; for the faces upon his Tem-
" and Coms were divers, one old, the other young 3
ut this ſeems made for two young women's faces,
whether Crnobeline's wives, filters, or children, I know
not.
Tothe third ; I conceive the horſe was fo frequent-
ly ſtamped upon their Coins, becaule of their extra-
ordinary goodnels in this country. "The like is upon
divers Cines and Provinces in Gaia. Or to ſhew,
that they were, in their own opinion, excellent horfe-
[trength, courage, and fierceneſs : and I tind that an-
tently the Romans uſed for their Enfigns, horſes,
wolves, boars, &c. till Cams Mariuss third Conſul-
ſhip, who then frſt ordained the Eagle only to be the
ſtanding Enſign of the Legions: as Trajan, after the
__ War, ſet up Dragons for Enfigns of the Co-
19rts.
In the ſixth, the horſe ſeems faſten*'d by one fore
and the oppoſite hinder-foot, to ſome weight z as it
it ignited the invention of one of their Princes, to
teach them ſome pace or motion. The wheel under
him, amongſt the Romans, intimated the making of
an Highway for Carts. So many of which being in
the Romans time made in this country, well deſerved
luch a memorial.
The ſeventh, Nowane, ſzems to be the ſame with
the twa and twentieth, wherein is Taſc: Novani, fome
unknown city in the Dominion ot Crunabeline. Re.
verſe, a hog and wolf concorporatcd. ”
The ninth Speed thinks probably to be Caradta.
es, the vahant and renowned King of the Stlures.
The Britains called him Caradauc, aud gave him the
Epithets Uric fras, forti brackia. But others read it
Epatica ; which may keep its native ſignification, ſince
we find ' Parſly, the Palm, Vine, Myrtle, Cynogleſſum,
Loſerpitium, and other planes, ſometimes hgured, fome-
times only named upon Coins; as you may find in
Spenbemins. |
Com. in the tenth, I cannot conceive to have
been Comius, made by Ceſar King of the Atrebates,
(Arras; ) becauſe he ſeems not to have had any
powerin Britain, where the greateſt part ot his ſtay
was in priſon; and at his return into hisown country
he headed a rebellion againſt the Romans. . Beſides,
in other Coins it is Comm. which either ſignifies ſome
City, or other Community, to have coined itz or to
have been ſtamped in the time of Commedus the Em-
peror, For I cannot think it ſignified Commerss, by
Greg. Turon. or Venant. Fortunatus named Duke
of Britannia Armorica. A. C. 550.
The thirteenth, an Octogone,ſecms to have been of
a Chriſtian Prince; for by ic the Chriſtians anciently
hgured the Font for baptiſm. In Gruter's Inſcripti-
ONs, P. 1166, are verſesof St. Ambroſe, upon the Font
of St. Tecla.
Octogenus ou eſt munere dignus eo.
Hoc numero decuit ſacri baptiſmatts aulam
Surgere, quo populo wera ſalus rediit, i, e.
The font is an Octegon, a figure (or number ) wor-
thy of that funion. It behoved the place ( or court )
of holy Baptifm to beraiſed in this number ; by which
true falyation is reſtored to the people.
And it is a common obſervation, that as fix was the
number of Antichriſt, ſo eight, of true Chriſtianity.
The fourteenth ſeems to be a wclf and boar, 2 fierce
bealts joyned together, and the head of a rown or
city, Vano C:vir, Mr. Speed applies it to Venutius, a
end of the names of ſeveral, mentioned in Gz4das: | valiant King of the Brigartes, married to Cartiſman-
perhaps alſo he reigned a long time. But the beſt
realon ſeems to be, either becauſe he lived ſome while
|
'
|
dua, who betrayed thenoble and gallant Care#acus.
In the fifteenth, one letter ſeems ro be miſplaced,
F Dur.
men. The Boar alſo, and Bull, were Emblems of
I
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31,
33s
Britiſh Coins.
Durnacum Was the city Tournay ; and the head is as
ually decipher cities.
uſi |
a A ſixteenth, with a woman's head, Orceti, if truly
ſpelt, is the name alſo of ſome city unknown to us.
ConjeAures upon the Coins added.
The nineteenth is in Mr. Speed, but the letters ill
wrought and placed : he reads it Caſibelan, the firit
General of the Britains againſt the Romans. His
country ſeems to have been North of the Thames,
and to have comprehended part of Hariford and
Buckingbans ſhirez. Yet he conquerd the City
of Imanuentius, whom he ſlew, and whoſe ſon Man.
dubratius fled to Ceſar in France, and brought him
hither, See more of him in Tab. 11, Co. 4.
The twentieth is of Cunobeline, fon of Theoman-
' tius, nephew to Caſibelanz by the Britiſh writers cal-
led Kymboline, "The head to be of a woman.
On the Reverſe, a Sphinx, a figure ſo acceptable to
Augultus, that he engraved it upon his ſeal. Where-
fore it may be, it was placed upon this Coin, to pleaſe
the Emperor, a more than ordinary friend to Cuno-
beline, who was declared a friend to the Romans ; and
is {aid to have lived many years in Rome.
In the twenty third ſeems to be the head of a city ;
inſcription Vanir. ſeems to be the ſame with YVanec.
Co. 98,
The twenty fourth ſeems not the head of a perſon,
but of a place, probably Camelodanum, when Chn-
ſtian.
The twenty fifth, Arivogius, is, both by Speed and
Archbiſhop Uſher, thought to be Arviragus ; of whom
more Co. 27. Owens: I underitand not.
The twenty ſaxth is probably of Cartiſmandua, Q,
| of the Brigantes, whereof. Caledonis was one part.
A woman infamous for betraying the warlike Carac-
racus into the hands of the Romans ; and for abuſing
her valiant husband Yenutius.
The twenty ſeventh, a crowned head, with many
| ſtrings of pearls about it, is thought to be Arviragus.
I wiſh there were more than bare conjectures for it.
For I do not find that Arviragus was a Chriſtian, as
this Coin declares, there being a crols and a ſtrin
of pearles about it ; an ordinary ornament of the
in the firſt peaceable times of the Church. Harding,
I think, is the only Author who affirms him a Chni-
{tian : but 'tis generally ſaid, erge Religionem Chriſtia-
»am bene affettus, ( Vit. Baſing. ) and he gave to
the firſt preachers of Glaſtenbury ſo many hudes of
land, as helped much to maintain them. And Gildas
faith, that it was well known that the Chriſtian Reli-
i0n was brought into Britain in the latter end of Ti-
Perins's time. He lived in great reputation in Domi-
tian's time, whoſe flatterers, upon ſome prodigiesap-
pearing, foretold him of ſome great good fortune to
him, as that Arviragus ſhould be thrown down from
OS th, Dr, Plot, who hath
The twenty ninth, Dr. , W i
theſe three, thinks to be Praſutagus and —
I ſee no reſemblance of one or more faces. I rather
unagine it to be ſome fortification.
he one and thirtieth was put into my hands, as
belonging to Tork;, in Antoninus and antient Au-
thors, written Ebwracum. But I take it to be a Gal-
lick Coin, and to ſignifie either the Eburovices, or ra-
ther Eburenes, which were inhabitants of the
of Liege. The head ſeems to be of a City, rather
than, as Bowterowe thinks, of Ambiorix, Cotiroulcus, or
lome ocher of their Princes.
The three and thirtieth is alſo to deſign fome city
or country, it may be of the Aſcii, ( now Auſch in
Gaſcoine ) or ſome other unknown. It is to be no-
ted, that after the example of the Romans, (who
ſtamped the armed head of a young woman, proba-
bly Rome, a notable Virago, who gave name to the
city, with the word Roms, on one ſide of their Coin,)
other cities and countries alſo the head; yet
not always helmered, but commenly in the drels of
the place where coined.
Y -
=
Britiſh Coins. T a s; II.
That the firſt was of ſome Britiſh Prince in eſteem
for an holy man, I colleQt. from the pearls abour his
head, ſet in the ancient form of tp; as-alfo by
the hand under the horſe for. the reverſe. Many of
theſe Britiſh coins are adorned with pearls. I con-
ceive the reaſon to be, the plenty. of them. in this
country ; ſo great, that Julius Cafar is ſaid to have un-
dertakeri his ition for obtaining them, and thac
at his return he dedicated a ſhield Covered with Bri-
ciſh Pearl, in the Temple of Yew. In ſome coins of
Conſtantine - the great, of Arcadius, Eudoxia, and
others in Gretzer, |, 1. 6. 5, 16, is an hand ſignify»
ing ſome favourable ation of Providence towards
them : as reaching to take Conffantine into heaven :
Yn — &c, In this it may intimate the
aining of his Cavalry. This i only conjefture
ſince rm, cr not me. ow F F
The ſecond and third by their rugged and un-
handſom looks ſeem to have bins ſome of the ancient
Britiſh Princes; bur the letters being worn out, forbid
us to gueſs who they were.
The fourth is Caſſive/awnus, others name him Cf}.
belinus or Velanus, as if he were a Prince of the Cs{/i,
a people not far from the Trinobantes, part of the
dominion of his brother Immanuentms, whom he ſlew ;
and depoſed his ſon Mandubretius, who thereupon fled
toCzliar, and was nes himto his juft dominion.
But this ation cauſed wbratius to be looked upon
as an enemy and traitor to his country, and ſo hated,
that he accompanied Czar in all his wars ; and lefc
the Kingdom to his ſon, or nephew, Cunobe/ine. His
ſon lived in Rome with the favour of Auguſtus and
the Senate, who declared him a friend of the Romans,
as iS plainly intimated in that Speech of the generous
Prince Cara#acns, From theſe tranſattions we may ob-
ſerve, 1.That theRomans by this ſubmiſſion and requeſt
of Mambratins had a juſt cauſe of War againlt Cafli-
belinus, and conſequenely againſt all che Britains,
who chuſed him their General. 2. That this con-
queſt was — beneficial to the nation and
countrey, which, by the Romans, acquired civility, if
not humanity alſo, and prudent government ;, good
husbandry too, and improvement of wealth and
trade both by ſea and land , and thereby prepared
them for receiving the —_— + That the Britains
quickly apprehended delle and advantages ;
and therefore more readily embraced, and more
cheerfully, than moſt other nations, ſubmitted to the
laws and cuſtoms of the Romans; as appears by Ta-
citus in the life of Agricola» And though it may be,
that the do@trine of the Druids, deſpiling the heathen
Gods, acknowleding only one God, and rewards
rar nur wr va homo) rep. reg ot
ing the ; yet I chi ve
great e, high generoſity, and excellent Pen
of the people did more z being once convinced that
the Roman laws and government was better than
their own.
Of the fifth the letters are too imperfect : if the re-
verſe be not a pavilion, or ſeat of itate, I know not
what it is.
The ſixth ſeems to be a wiſer, the letters now not
viſible : or it might be ill-made in imitation of Com-
modus, uſually ſet forth with his head wrap'd in a
Lion's skin, ſcigning himſelf to be Hercules.
The ſeventh is a Britiſh, rough, uncomb'd head ;
the letters are vaniſhed, Thoſe above the Horſe on
the reverſe ſeem to be ſet the averſe way, from the
right to the left hand.
The eighth, as likewiſe the ewenty fourth and
thirty ſaxth, ſexm to be a Ship or Galey with oars.
Vid. Monſ. Bowteroxe in Clothaire, An. Ch. 511, the fi-
gure is better there ed than in ours. It was
coined by a Chriſtian Prince or City ; becauſe all of
them are adorned with croſles, either upon the ſtern
or vards, S. Aug. Ser. 22. de diverſir, faith; It w ne-
ws to be in the ſhip, and to be carried mm the
VE
ud that aan paſt Vrorgh the ſex of ths world, This
wWw
I.
2. <%
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- \
COONS L008 247 HG YO RAD A CET AI AA 4235 106 AAR ET TRY A go te RA AN Ws
© Britiſh Coins.
IO,
II,
I2.
14.
I 5.
19.
209.
21.
23.
wood is the Creſs of our Lord. S. Paulinus feems to |
refer it to the yards; Es rate ornate thtulo ſaluts.
S. Chryſ. rather to the ſtern, (ho: Chriſt ns ſit Dems )
Crux navigantium guhernaculum. The {ame doth Ephr.
Syrus, Upon divers Coins of the Roman Emperors
is a ſtern joyned to a globe; as if they fteer'd the
whole world. On the reverſe is Duro, which I que-
ſtion not was Durobernia or Cazterbury, now the chief
ſeat of the great Archbiſhop and Primate of the Na-
tion. |
The ninth is an Horſe, under the Sun and Moon :
whether it ſignified (according to their opinion) that
beaſt to be chiefly ſubject to thoſe Planets ;: or, that
next the Sun Moon, the chiefelt benefit they
reaped was from the Horſe, or any other umaginati-
on, I am 1gnorant. ;
The ks an Head, and I think, foreign, and
not Britiſh ; moſt of thoſe being without ornament,
but this hath a Crown. or Garland. And what it
Dubno ſhould be miſtaken for Dumnorix, or ſome
other Prince unknown to us,
The eleventh hath an Head with a Diadem of two
rows of Pearls ; perhaps for ſome of the Oriental
Emperors.and not unlikely of Conſtantine the Great,
both for the goodnels of the face, and his being one
of the firſt who carried that fort of Diadem.: He may
well be placed here, as being born of a Britiſh Lady.”
The reverſe is a Dove hovering over a Crols, an em-
blem not unuſual in the firſt times of Chriltianity ;
intimating, that the Croſs is made beneficial unto us
by the Holy Spirit. A4afjeixs and Oferixs teftifie, that |
the Chriſtians at their firſt coming to Meliaper (the
City of St. Thomas) found ſuch a one there engraved
in ſtone in his own time, as was verily believed. The
like is reported by Beſius in the vault of St. Fobn Lateras
and by Chiffletims upon an Alctarſtone in Belatigon.
The twelfth of Cunobeline : the letters 'upon the |
reverſe begin the name of ſome place, but what 1
know nor.
Ths thirteenth, by the letters BR, ſeems to be the
head of Brirannia, as there weie many the like of
Rome and other places: the reverſe is alfo, accord. |
ing to many Roman Coins, a man on horſtback,
as in that exerciſe they called Decurſio.
The fourteenth feems a Woman's Head with a
Crown ; the letters worn out. On the reverſe,
compared with the ſixteenth, twenty fourth, and'
chirty fifth, ſeems to be inſcribed ſome ſacred veflel
Qr utealil.
The fifteenth, ſeventeenth, and eighteenth, having Crols
no inſcriptions, are to us unintelligible. The fixteenth-
ſ{cems an ill-thapen Galley with the keel upwards.
The nineteenth ſeems tobethe head of ſome Town
or Country : ſome ſay, that Julius Czfar, but is
naore certain, that Claudivs brought one or more Ele-
phants into Britain againſt their enemies.
The twenrieth hath an Head covered with an an-
tick fort of Helmet. 'The reverſe ſeems an ill-fathio-
ned Gryzbon. It is ſomewhat ſtrange chat thoſe fond
kind of imaginations fhould have laſted fo long, and
in theſe remote parts of the world.
Concerning the ewenty firft, vid. Tab. x. c. 29.
what ir, or the twenty ſecond (ignifies, I cannot ima-
PINE.
6 The twenty third ſeems the figure of an ordinary
Britiſh foot-ſoldier, armed with a head-piece and ar-
mour down to his thighs ; and a club upon his thoul.
der.
The twenty fourth hath a Galley with a Croſs upon
the ſtern, yet not at the handle of theſtern, being up.
on the wrong fide of it.- Vid. Coin 8. The letters I
underſtand not, as neither the reverſe, The twenty
fitth alſo is utterly unknown.
The-ewenty ſixth ſegms to be the head of ſome of
the-Gothic kings of Spain ; the like being found in
Ant. Auguſtizus, and Monlieur & Blazc. On the re-
verle is a kind of Dragon, ſecn alſo upon the Greek
and Gallick Coins, as well as Britiſh. Such a one as
this is by Monſicur le Blanc deſcribed for Childeberts,
pag. 58.
The twenty ſeventh, twenty eighth, and twenty
nuath, having Ric inſcriptions, mig}.t probably be
beyond the wall, u
| Britain he reigned in.
made for fome of the kings of Cumberland, in
which County are ſtill extant ſome Runic Monu-
ments.
The thirtijeth hath an Head, whichT would gladly
believe to be of Arviragus ; becauſe on the reverſe is
an Efedarigs or Covmprizs, a tighter upon a chariot,
with his dart or like weapon, ' in one hand, and his
quiver of arrows at his back. A kind of fight, which
Was "rn to Julius Czſar, and forced him to turn
his back.
Territa queſitss oftendit terga Britanns.
Great Ceſar flies, the Britains he had fought.
So terrible was it to the Romans, that his flatterers
upon ſome imagin'd prodigy, took it to be an omen
of the overthrow of Arwiragus, a very couragiousand
warlike Prince. De temone Britanno Excidet Arwvi.
YAPUNS., :
The thirty firſt is, in the learned Monſieur Boure.
roue's judgment (from whom it is copied) ſuppoſed
to be king Lucius, the firſt Chriſtian king of Bri
The truth of whoſe ſtory is largely Sfcourled by
Archbiſhop Uſher in his Primord. "Ectld/. Britax.
where he ſeems to fay, that it is confirmed by all Hi-
ſtorians, ithat king Lzcius, king in Britain, was the firſt
Chriſtian king 'in the world. Which alſo ſeems
ſtrongly confirmed by whathe ſaith, That-che Scots
r Vitor 1. immediate ſucceſſor
to Euariſtus (under whom Lucius was converted)
received alſo the Chriſtian Faith, pag. 41, 42, But
that chere is ſame difference about the time when
king Lucius lived, bnt _ about what part of
. As likewiſe.conicerning his re-
ſigning the kingdom, and going preach the Goſpel
in Bavaria, and bcing martyr'd neat Coe, in -the
Grifans Country, then' called Rhera.:
The thirty ſecond alſo is our of Manſieur Bouterone,
who rationally thinks it 'to be the head of :Boadicia,
| wite to — king of Noctolk and Suffolk, &c. a
'g
woman of prodigious wit and courage: - Gildas calls
her Lexar doloſam, the craity or deceirful Lionnels.
She flew 80000 of the Romans, deftroy'dtheir chief
City and Colony, Cumalodunum ; Verwlamium alfo,
and ſome fay London, She flew the ninth Legion ;
ut bei
overcome by Paulinus, ſhe either died for
grief, asJome ſay ; or by poilon, as others.
The thirty chard is calily intelligible. The reverſe
of the thirty fifth ſeems to be a Tabernacle, or ſome
ſuch holy veſſel, ſtanding upon a foot, and having a
| the top. I underſtand it not; nor any
of the reſt, being all ancient Runic characters: nor
doth it r whether they belong to this Country,
or to Spain. The Runic Characters anciently were
the writing of the Y3ſ, or Weſtern Goth, who lived
in Denmark, Norway, Juthnd, &c. For the Ofro,
or Eaſtern Goths of Sweden, and thoſe Countries,
{warmed and 'conquered Eaſtward in and towards
Aſia: who, though they ſeem to have had the ſame
language with the Vi/igorhs, yet had a different cha-
racer ; framed as it ſeems from the Greek, ſome ſay
by Ulpbulas their Biſhop, near or the Black-
Sea 3 and it is ſtill preſerved in the of the Gol-
pels tranſlated into that language by him: and is for
the moſt pare ſtill extant in that they call the Codex
Argenzeus, being wholly written in ſilver letters, re-
ſervd with great and deſerved veneration inSweden:
but tranſcribed and printed by the very worthy and
learned perſon Mr. Franc. Funius, the younger. But
che Fi/igetbs ſeem tobe thoſe who came Weſtward ;
who conquer'd part of Italy, and of France; all Spain,
and part of Africk ; where they reigned in great
ſplendor many years, till the invaſion of the Moors.
They allo acquired the Northern Parts of Britain,
keeping” (as it ſeemeth) their ancient Runic Chara-
ers. And though moſt af the ancient Runic Coins
[ have ſeen either in An, Auguſt inus, Paruta, or La-
ffanmoz2*s book de vas manedas deſconccidas ; yet I have
only ſet down thoſewhich are new to me,and which
being fent by that very courteous, intelligent, and
diligent Antiquary, Mr. Ralph Thoresby of Leeds in
Yorkſhire, I conceive rather belong to thoſe of
Northumberland, Cumberlund, &c.
Notes
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©" +. {4,, that refolv'd to lubdue Britain in car:
'_ "nelt, was Claudjas z\ who ſhipping over
his. army, reduced. the fourh part-into
the form of a,Province. And.about. that tune, this
firſt piece; of money, with an.abbpeviated Inſecipti-
n, SES £9-HaY been comn'd.;, TEL CLAY DCs.
AVG PN TR. P. VIIL IMP. XVL i & Tiferiar
Claudins Caſar Auguſtus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunitia
poteſtate .g. mperator 16.- - Foexplain thefe tirtesonce
ior all. After Fulizs Ceſar, who laid the foundation
of the Rogl4i Monarthy, ,#{ his ſucteflors:in honour
- of him aſſumed the nitles of Ce/ax, or Auguſtus ; as if
they were above the pitch of humane nature, (for
things tha! ſacred we.call Aug ;.) that. alſo
Pd; 5 Fr High-Prieſts, becauſe they werk
Overſipthn of All Religious Ceremonies: they
Iikewife the Tribunirian but would not by any
meas be call'd Tribunes,) tha they might beinviglable.
For, by virtue of this authority, if any one gave them
i\Flanguage, or offer'd them any violence, he was to
be put to death without a hearing, as a facrilegious
perſon. | They renewed. this Tribunitian power ever)
year, and by it computed the years of their rei.
Ar laſt they were calld Emperors, becauſe their tan-
pire was moſt large and Ample, and under that nary-
was coucht both the power of Kings and Ditfamor:,
And they were ſtil'd Emperors, as often a5 ti:2y did
ay thing very honourable either in perſon,or by tacir
Generals. Burt, ſince in the reverſe of this coin there
15 a triumphal arch, with a man on horſeback between
ewo trophies, and the title DE BRITAN ; [I thauld
imagine, _ that in the gth_year of Claudius (for fo
I reckon from the Tribunitian power) there were two
Victories. | over the Britains. | . |
In the ſecond Coin Cwhuch is. alſo one of Claudius
Augupng) by this Inſcription, TI. CLAVD. CAS. |
A\
G. GER: TR. P. XIL IMP. XIIX. we leam-that
in the tweltch year of his reign, after he had been
ſucceſsful in Britain, he was ſaluted Emperor theeigh-
tcenth time ; and the Ploughman with a Cow a
Bull inform us that at the ſame time a Colony was
placed in Camalodunum. The Romans (lays Sexvius)
clad after the Gabine faſhion, (1.e.with part of their gown
CoVerimg their bead, and the other par? tuckt up, ) when
they had a deſizn to build a city, yow'd on the right band
a Bull, with a Cow on the inner ſide, and in that babit
beld the crooked rages [o as to make all the earth fall
wards. By thus drawing @ furrow, they markt, out
\fring up the plough where the
pince of the gates was to be,
The ſon of Claudius (whole the 3d Coin is with
- Greek charaters)) was by a Decree of the Senate ho-
nourd with the ſirname of BRITANNICYS to uſe
as peculiar to himſeif; upon the account of. his Fa-
thers ſucces. He it was for whom Seneca: pray'd,
"!A*. That he might quict Germany, -| make an inroad into
er, Britain, ad
t- maintain hs fathers triumphs with new
Ones of his own. But what then muſt be the meaning
of that half ſhip with-an Inſcription to «this ſeni.,
Tie Mearopolis of King Ftiminias 2 Well, truly who this
E::iminias ſhould be, does not appear to me z: unleſs
one thould imagine him tobe that Adiminius, Cunos>
belin's ſon, who (as Sueronius ſays) took proteftion
under C. Caligula.
The fourth Coin, which is Hadrian's, with this In-
ſcription, HADRIANVS AVG. CONSVLIT, PA.
TER PATRIA; and on the reverſe EXERCITVS
BRITANNICYS (or the Britiſh army) tepreſented'
by three ſouldiers ; I ſhould imagine to point out che ,
three | legions that ſerv'd in Britain In the year of
Chriſt 120 (for then he was third Conſul,) namely,
the Secunda Auguſta, the Sexta Viitrix, and the Vice-
frma Viftrix,
The fifth and ſixth (both of e Antoninas Pie ) with
this Inſcription, ANTONINVS AVG. PIVS. P.P.
» ;
Brita ſitting-on the rocks,-wich a military efi%ori; 4
ſpear, and +ſhietd; buron'thatef che other, thE fume
Britain fitting port a globe: | Theſe ſeerit th havior]
ſtamp'd by the Bririfly Provimey irrhonout*6f* Aprtaj;nv;
Pias, ;at his corning to the=Empire, in" th
:
Ye of ***
Chriſt 1240::»*Fhe militaryhibit"of the Proviacecof
Britajn, afſures' us,' that atithar- time it AGtirifhef* in
military diſcipite. - Sothe money coirier!
henour of: han;: upon' this occaſion, ' haFſhe
ſitting upon a globe; with''a. Commicipit,' $
plenty: of: all chings : that by .\Si-iy,> has the*®
with cars.of corn, to denote! fruicfilnefst ard th
Mauritania, :a'perſon-holtling-'tws / '\
| Wwith an
horſes, eo-imply 'the.peculiar-gloty” of thW-Ptrovinte'
pn
ar by
in Cav
which % the :Gaine pos but not puCiry its:
od ging 104-13 anct Dot I 13 Gd.l +
| Then « which is Edtebodurs ) only tees ns,
that upon the account of a victory over the-Britgins,
he took the natue of Britannicuis for: on.the-reoverlc,
we ſec Victory with a btanchiot'a Palm<ree, holding
Brirairts,, wich this Inſcription ;\ VICTORIA BRE
LANNICA. E-:410Y / [ INOS. 11
The Sth" which is'Caracalla's, but &'not pit in its
proper place plainly. ſhews by the Nunierals that he
:
.
eſe works hasdeſcribed more lively than the belt En-
RIAvei: can pothbly do. 4 :
Ingemtem quereum decifis undique ramis
Conſt it uit tarnulo, fulgentiaq; induit arma'
Meztnts : duces: exuvias, tibiimugn 3" up em
Bellipotens : aptat rorattexs ſanguine criſtas,
Telaq;. trunce Virs.
And firſt he. lopp'd an Oak*s great brai:. hesround,
|
The erunk he taſten'd in a riſing grou.
And licre-he'fixt the ſhining Armor on, '
The mighty fpoil from proud Mezemius won,
The Creſt was plac'd:above that dropt with blood,
A grateful trophy to the warlike God 5'/
And-ſhatter'd ſpears ſtuck round. |
The ſame inference 15 to be: made trom' the
which is the fame Caracalla's. 1530,
my thoſe: of Severe: and Ger, there is no'difti-
culty. RET 2%
Who this Aelian was, does not yet appear: Some
reckon him-tobe 4. Porous Aelianus.among:the 30
Tyrants. Others make him Cl. Ae/ianus among tie
ſix Tyrants under Diocletian.-+\And fome'there are
who think that. this was the. very Tyrant in Britain,
under Probus the Em 7, whom Zofmns mentions
without telling us his name, and of whom we-have
x2th,
altogether of opinion thathe was called Auguſtus iniZri-
tain, becaufe his Coins arg found only 3h our ifland,
with this Inſgription, *IMPERATOR CL. ALIA-
NVS .PIVS. FOELIX AVGVSTVS. On the re-
verſe, VICTORIA AVGYSTI, which hints that he
ſubdued ſome Barbarians or..other. TELLS
The Coin of Carauſius,, with 'this Inſcription, IM
PERATOR CAIVS . CARAVSLYVS *BFVS, FOE-
LIX AVGYSTVS, and on/the- reverſe, PAYAV-
GVSTI1, ſeems to have been 'ftamp'd; #frer he had
ſcowrd the Britiſh Sea; of ,the Pirates.:: - | |
uſurp'd the. Government, :and: behaved: Hifaſcli ftout-
ly againſt the Barbarians;:ihe itamp'd clis:Coin;owith,
the
at Londan
don, ..
Aſter
TR. P. COS. IIE. and onthe reverſe of the one,
a ſhield, and leaning uporiithe 1hiclds of the conquer d*
conquer'd the-enemy in Britain 'm che'yddr? bf our
/ 01d.2 +4; 145 allo by the Trophy, winch 7 git in.
When, Alkius ( who made:away Caratfius ) had-
cription,. VIRTVS\AUGVSTHE: | ByitheLer-:
ters Q.L. ſome would have meant Quart ius cayn'd ;
;. others, a; £#/or. of Tredfurer of, fear
Conſt antins Chir: had ended his: days ane:
York, .atid was folemnly; deified ,- tis::money i was -*
coyn'd in honout and memory of him,-as appears.
by the Inſcription, and:th> Temple between two Ea-
gles.. The lerrers - undexneahy: P. LON Jhew: aha: :
the Maney ns flares at London. - -: «. « ©
His
alry:;; And hitheratſojigto beireforrthenitith” ©
pro-
30. 1H,
i{poken before, Brit atwhat time ſoever:is was; I am '
—_—_—
——
Roman
Cons.
C
—
( as our ies tell us, and that excellent Hiſtorian
Baromim confirms) aſter her ſon Conftawine the Great
had routed the Tyrant Maxentizs, and ſecur'd
the Commonwealth, received the titles, F oor qut-
rene cop, inkancer
the world:
the Levers S. TR. i e.
d a I riers.
Maximus that
Confteanti
to whoſe ſhare Bricain fell
'd this Coin while his father was living. For he
*1iy udi , and PR VIDEN-
CAS. that he and his brother buile ſome pub-
lick work ; and from P. LON. that it was coyned
at
This Coin, inſcrib'd Domwinu nofer les Pins
Felix Auguſtus, feerns to have been d by Mag-
»entius ( whoſe father was a Britain ) delign'd to
ingratiate himſelf with Conftantius, aſter he had con-
quered ſome publick enemy. 'For the Characters
DD. NN. AVGG. i. ce. Domini noſtri Auguſti,intimate
that there were then ewo Auga/t;, or Emperors. The
words VOTIS V. MVLTIS X. witnefs that the peo-
+ Ys ple then + ſolemnly prayed, Thet the Emperor mig bt
"4x2 nk froe years, and multiplying that number, with
ucky acclamations unanimouſly wiſh'd him many ren
ears. And this is farther made out by that paſlage
in Nazari the Panegyrilt, The \ + comes feaſts of
the bleſſed and bappy Ceſars poſſes all bearts with abun-
dance of joy ;, but in the appointed revolutions of ten years,
our eager vows and ſwift bopes are at a ſtand, Thelet-
ecrs p AR. ihew this Denariz: to have been ſtampt
at Arles,
Conſt antius, after he had defeated Magnentius, and
recovered Britain, had this coined in honour of the
army. "The R. inthe baſis poſlibly,Jhews that it came
out of the mint at Romo.
This Coin (ſtampt at Amiech, as appears by theſe
2.
22: fall letters underneath ) was made in honour of Va. |
lentinian, after he had reduced Britain from its decay-
ing condition, and called that part he had recovered,
from his own name Yalemia. |
2 To this Coin of Gratian's I have nothing to fay,
5 but what I juſt now obſerved upon that of Adagnen-
17, His ie, Flavis Helens, 2 Lady of Briciſh birth | rogra
phical Table of Britain, (when a Roman Pro-
vince ) with the antient names. Not that | promiſe
to make it compleat; for who can pretend to that?
But ſuch a one, as, if you learn nothing elſe from it,
\ will at leaſt teach you this, that there are continual
Deliverer of | changes in this world, new foundations of cities laid,
new names of nations trump'd up, and old ones rejo-
Red. So that ( asthe Poet ſays, )
Non indignemur mortalia corpora ſolvi,
Cernimus exemplas oppida poſſe mori.
Vain mortals, ne're _ at heaven's decras,
When fad examples thew that rowns themſelves
can dye.
—Y
— —_—
Roman Coins. T am. IL
By Mr. Walker,
ator, at firſt was an appellation of Honour given
T7 a foldiers to their Commander, tar hd
obtained a great vidtory over the enemies; bur after-
wards it was a title _ to the chief General of
their armies, as all the $ Were.
The Tribune: alſo of rhe people were accounted fa-
cred perſons, and therefore might ſafely accuſe any
man to the people. They were always of Plebeian
families ; but the Emperors being Pontifices Maximi
were Patritian. And therefore that their power mi
| be uncontroulable, not being capable of che Tribune-
ſhip, obtained to have Tribunitiam poteſftar
L e. all power of a Tribune ; whic ——
conferred upon them every year, or as often as they
deſired ir. Sometimes they refuſed it, and fome-
times they conferr'd it on one of their Confidents ;
and ſometimes for tive years. So that it is not true,
which moſt of the Medal Writers, and Camden amongſt
them, fay, that the number of the Tribunitia porejt as
was the number of their reigns. See the book of
Coins and Medals in Auguſtus.
I have added the ſecond, a Britain naked, fighting
with a man, armed with ſword and buckler; out of
the judgment of divers learned men, though I have
not ſeen any with ſuch inſcription.
In the third is expreſſed the manner how the Ro-
mans ſettled the Countries they conquered : which
was by planting ſtrong Colonies of Romans in places
convenient ; whereby they both kept the conquered
in peace, and eine into converſation and buſineſs
with them by introducing frugality, husbandry, tra-
ding, &c,
To the ſeventh, Commodus was by his flatterers cal-
led Britannicus ; whereas the Britains either endea-
voured or actually choſed another Emperor. Lampr.
£1465.
24 When Megrue Maximus was created
ror by |
25. the army in Britai , as alſo his fon FMlovies Vittor ; thus |
26, money was coined in I and honour to the |
foldiers: and Tbeodoſws, he had di them,
OT ey CR On » VIRTVTE EX-
ERCITVYS, upon the very fame account.
In that golden Coin of Henoriss, there is nothing
ran th ag mais wetter
were e ,, Or - Which |
was after the year 420. w Honorins was Eraperor |
in the Weſt, ws Junior in the Eaſt, and along
. Penney 15 par peer rx 6p te
antine, cleted upon account is name, ) made
on. by Honorins. As for that CONOB, it
*#2)rizaw ſhews it 40 be * pure at Conſtantinople.
For, as far as my ation has carried me, I ne-
ver met with Conob. in any Coins but ONES.
I could add a great many more Roman Coirs, (for
there are prodigious quantities every day found
is Tv. through thus kingdom, in the ruines of old demo-
hou 6 liſhed cies, Fin the treafure coffers or vaults hidden
fows in that age, and in the funeral urns. ) Bur Lwas ve-
ow: pub. ry much ſurpriſed how ſuch great abundance ſhould
Mdneny, remain to bs 24
C. 7h. d of antient money was prohibited by the Imperial
Joon Conſticucions.
ONE” Having now reproſemeed thoſe ancient Coins ( Bri
caſh and Roman) * in their forms 3 1 cannot
27
® xs
Jus.
| needs no explication of them.
day, till I had read that melting down | Coins
To the ſixteenth, I find one e/f£/iamns choſen Em-
rac by the army of Lolienss, after they had flain
im at Ment.
To the ſeventeenth, C. Carasſius was a man of very
mean birth ; but by his parts, courage and induſtry,
together with the money he had got from the Pirates,
(never ing what he took, either to the Empe-
ror, or the pe robbed) advanced to that high
degree. He was of Menapia, but (as it ſoems) not
that in Gala, but in Ireland.
Roman Coins. 'T as. IV.
eſe, as likewiſe the reſt of the Roman Coins,
are ſo common and well known, that there
The ninth, tenth, &<c.
are added; becauſe, though thoſe contain nothing
upon them expreſly concerning Britain, yet Fulins
ces _—_ firſt chat momonk, wage van ſome
in reducing the nation. No mention
of this is on his Coins, becauſe then he was not ſu-
pream, but ated as a General commiſſionated by the
' Senate ; and the power of putting his Image upon
ins was not given him till afterwards, and till he
had obtained the ſupream er. The reverſe of
this is Auguſtus ; becauſe under him the Britains lived
in peace and liberty; probably.ſecured by Cunobelinus,
who (a we ſaid beloge ) Lived at Rome m his
7 but think it the reader's igtereſ} to inſert here a Cho-
|
time,
| The
—
9» 10.
= nel —_—— I Y
Deſtruttion of Britain.
brought with it the Empire.
[ 2,
foldier.
Severss.
ger, to keep him quiet in Britain, where he comman.
inins ; | Auguſtus, Probus, atter a great batile, took and
J ded the Legions, he named him Cz/ar, and S
E and a little after, partaker or companion in the Em.
4 pire. But Peſcenmins being overcome, he went ſtreight
The eleventh is of Ve/pafian, who contributed more |
than any other to the conqueſt of Britain 3 and by his
valour and ſucceſs there, obtained that glory, which
The twelfth is of Decimus Clodius Albinus, 2 great
Gourmond, but a good Juſticer, a valiant andexperr
He was a noble Roman, but born at Ara
merums, Commodus would have made him Ceſar, I
ſuppoſe becauſe he was accounted of a gladiatorian
humor alſo ; but he refuſed it, yet accepted it from
When Se-werws went againſt Peſcemmius N;.
chat he reigned but three days ; but by his many
Coins, it appears that he reigned !onger, both in
Britain and Gaul. The ſoldier that kilied him, up-
braided him, that it was with a {word which himſelf
had made.
The fourteenth,
tain, ſonof a Rhetorician, avery valiatit warlike man,
and the greateſt drinker of his age. He commanded
Rhetia, ( the Grifons country ) and the confines of
the Roman Empire towards the Germans: . and having
loſt the fleet upon the Rhine left in his charge, for
fear of puniſhment he rebelled, and declared himſeif
hanged the Uſurper. In his ſtead therefore I have
taken the Coin of eAmilianws, being very rare, be-
againſt Albimus ; who hearing of it, met him with his | cauſe I could find neither in metal or writing any one
Britiſh Legions in arms; where divers fore battles | of Boeſac,
were fought with various ſucceſs. Till at Lyons, Al-|
the treachery of ſome of his Officers, | have deſcribed, though not fo nearly related to Bri-
rely wounded, and baſely and unwor- | tairh A to the brother of Conſtantine rhe Great,
thily uſed by Severus; who cut off his head, ſending it | chiefly to fi
to Rome, where it was ſer upon the publick Gallows, |
left in the Prerorium till it ftunk, and | and very few more than what arc here deſcribed, con.
binus was,
vanquiſh'd,
__— by d I by divers of his Coi
was torn by t appears ivers s Coins,
that he was 4 A
death.
The thirteenth is of M. Aurelins Marims, placed
£ 3* here, becauſe ſome ſay that he was born in Bricain:
7 at firſt a ſmich, but being afterwards a foldier, got
: by his | ov png ſtrength and valour, after Poftbu-
| »mw's death, to be choſen Emperor. Some fay,
upuſtus, but not long before his.
|- "The fifteenth, bei
a rare Coin of Delmatius, I Io.
Il up a void place.
As alſo, becauſe Roman Coins are fo well known,
| cerning Britain; for the better underſtanding of exo-
tick Coirs, as of the Franks, Britiſh, and Saxon ; I
thought it not amiſs to infert an Alphabet of ſuch
letters as are uſually found upon them. Some 1
have omitted, becauſe 1 did not know them. The
firlt Alphabet is of che Runic, which alſo hath ſome
part in moſt of the ret.
—
ect k. Ie; o . 4 A l
BOY 2, RE RCA Ee.
HE Romans having now withdrawn their
Forces, and abandon'd Britain, the whole
frame of affairs fell into diſorder and mir
fery ; Barbarians invading it on one hand,
and the Inhabitanes breaking out into faftions on the
other ; whilſt each one was for ufurping the Govern-
ment to himſelf. They lived ( fays Ninws) about for-
zy years Fogether in conſternation. For Vortigern, who
then reigned, was apprebenfrue of the Pitts and Scots, and
of ſome attacks from thoſe Romans who remained here.
He was af ph of Ambroſms Auretins or Aurelia-
nus, who ftill ſurvived that bet engagement, wherein hu
parents, then s, were cut off, Upon this, Yor.
| Tigern ſends for the Saxons out of Germany to his a
* ſtance; who inſtcad of auxiliaries, turn'd moſt cruel
in. enemies, and after the ſeveral events of many battles,
diſpoſleſed the poor Britains of the moſt fruitful parts
of the Coun
© 4 wad FY
\ 4s
: 67: ray,
-
.
, their ancient inhenitance.
But this woful deftru&tion of Britain, ſhall be re-
preſented (or rather ) to you in the melan-
choly words of Gildas the Britain, all in tears at the
This thoughts of it. * The Romans being drawn bome, there
'ldas is deſcend in great crowds, from the little narrow bores 4
&. Co- their + Carroghes or Carts, wherein they were brought
' in over the Scitick vale, about the middle of ſummer, in 6
ailsQue. ſcorching hot ſeaſon, a durkiſh ſwarm of vermine, or hide
w, 51 ous crew of Scots an Pitts, ſomewhat different im man-
om the 27%, but all alike thirſti er blood ; who finding that
We Cs rex aber
mus their old confederates | t ans | were marched home,
__— and refuſed to return any more, put 0n | qr boldneſs
Corucir, than ever, and poſſeſſed themſelves of all rhe North, and
ui, the remote parts of the Kingdom to the wery wall ; as if
they were the right native Proprietors. To withſtand thus
iruaſion, the towers | along the wall ) are defended by a
lazy pariſon, undiſciplined, and too ccwardly to ingage an
enemy ; being enfeebled with continual ſloth and 1dleneſs.
In the mean while the naked enemy advance with their
hooked weapons, by which the miſerable Britains, pulled
down from the tops of the walls, are daſhed againſt the
ground, Net thoſe who were deſtroyed aficr this manner, |
The Deſtruction of
BRIT A I N.
had this advantage im an untimely death, that they eſcaped
thoſe miſerable ſufferings which immediately befell their
brothers and children. To be ſhort, having quitted their
Cities and the bigh Wall, they betook themſelves to flight,
disbanding into a more deſperate and bopeleſs diſperſion than
ever, Still the enemy yu them chaſe ; ſtill more crucl
puniſhments are prepared ; as Lambs by the bloody butcher,
ſo were theſe poor creatures bew'd to pieces by their enemies.
So that they may juſtly by their ſtay there, be compared to
berds of wild beafts. For theſe miſerable people did not
ſtick at robbing one another for ſupplies of vittuals ; ſo that
inbred diſſentions enhanced the miſery of their foreign ſuf-
ferings, and brought things to that paſs, by this ſpoil and
robbery, that meat (the ſupport of life ) was wanting in
the country, and no comfort of that kund to be had, but by
recourſe to _—_ Again, therefore, the remaining Bri-
tains ſend their lamentable petitions to Aitius ( a man of
aut hority in the Roman State) after this manner:
This is in
ſme Co.
pics Agt-
Tius; In 0-
To #tius, thrice Conſul,
thers E-
The Groans of the Britains.
The Barbarians drive us to the Sea, the Sea again to Ge. with-
the Barbarians ; thus bandied between twodeaths, _—
we either periſh by Sword or by Water. ” © "Bae
Notwithſtanding, they obtain no remedy for theſe evi!s
While in the mean time famine grows more ſharp and
pinching to the faint and ſtrow!ing Britains, who reduced
go ſuch flraits by theſe mtoleravle [uſferings, ſurrender
themſehves to the enemy, that they may have food to re-
cruit their ſpirits, However, oth-rs would not comply,
but choſe rather to infeſt them from their mountains, caves,
and braky places with continual ſallies. From that time
| forth for many years, they made great ſlaughter of the enc-
mies as they went out to ferage, not relying on their own
ſtrength, but truſting in God, according to rhat of Phil:
The help of God is certainly at hand, when man's
H 2 heip
I had here placed Benzs, a Bri» 14;
m Wo VS oO a EY ITO re EE RI OS <A rs GS oo. 1147+ Up 0s
_ CR” EIT 4 deat re ne A 2G. A eee <arabagpg
_
17 NWS VISAS A 0 PL 417 PET'S ERIN, 7 Le * 9 Rey SFO RAN <AA, */AC Dc Cant; IS
— — :
— nts _=_ . km = i—— _ _ = : :
» wv 4 OR CA, HG PB" Oe PIR. 62 FRI
Deſtrutto:
; of Britain. *
help faileth. The boldneſs of cur enemies gave over for |
ſome time, but the wickedneſs of our Britains was with.
out end. The enemies left us, but we would not leave our
vices. For it has ever been the cuſtom of this nation (as
it is now at this day,) to be feeble in repeling an enemy,
but valiant in civil wars, and tn carrying on a courſe ofs
fin, &c, Well, theſe impudent Iriſh robbers return bome,
with a diſign to come again ſhertly, The Pitts mm the re-
* In the mcteſt pars of the * ihond, began from henceforth to be
"A 44 * quiet, jet mow and then making ſome ſpoil and ravage.
the mar: In theſe ceſſations of arms, the ſcars of this famine began
gin Pro-
INC! A. , ; .
keen and wirulent was (prouting up to ſucceed it. For
during the forbearance of former ravages, the King dom
enjoyed ſuch exceſſive plemy, as was never remember'd in
any age before ; which ws ever accompanied with debau-
chery. For it then grew to (0 high a pitch, that i might
be truly ſaid at that time ; Here is ſuch fornication as
was never among the Gentiies. Nor was this the only
prevailing fn of that age,but all other vices that can be ima-
gined incident to humane nature, eſpecially (which alſo now
at this day overthrow all goodneſs among us )a ſpight to truth,
aud the teachers of it ,a fondneſs for lyes and thoſe that forge
them, imbracing evil for good, and a veneration for lewd.
neſs mſtead of virtue, a deſire of darkneſs rather than
light, and entertaining Satan before an cngel of light.
Kings were anointed no: by God, but were ſuch as were
known to be more cruel thanthe reſt ; and were ſoon after put
' to deeth by their own Anointers, without due examination
of the truth, and cthers morce fierce and cruel eletted, Now
if any one of theſe Kings [eemed more mild than other, or
At littie more exatt in 1s proceedings ; all their malice and
deſigns were without reſpect darted at him,as ghe ſubverter
of Britain ; and they weighed every thing that offended
them in the ſame ſcale ; if there was odds given, it was
to condemn good attions, which were moſt diſpleaſing ; [0
that the prepheſie denounced of old againſt Iſrael, may fitly
be app/icd to them, A lawleſs generation, ye have for-
ſaken the Lord, and provoked to wrath the holy one
ot Ifrae!; why ſhould ye be ſmitten any more, ſtill
multiplying miquity 2 Every head 1s ſick, and every
heart is heavy. From the ſole of the foot to the
crown of the head, there is no ſoundneſs in it. Thws
They acted quite comrary to their own ſafety, as if no re-
tricve ard cure ceuld be heſtowed upon the world, by the
mighty Phyſician of us all, \ Nor was this the demeanor on-
ly of the Laity, but the Clergy and Paſtors too, whoſe ex.
amples ſhou!d be a guide to all others, Yet many of them
were notorious for their drunkenneſs, having drbexcbed
themſelves with wins to a perfect ſottiſlmeſs : or elſe for
being ſ[woln with pride and wilfulneſs, full of contention,
full of gall and ewoy, and incompetent judges of good and
evil. So that (as at this day) Princes were plainly con-
temned and ſlighted, and the people ſeduced by their own
follies into boundleſs errors ; and ſo miſguided, Inthe mean
time, God intendixg to purge his family, and reform it
from ſuch great corruptions by the bare apprehenſions of
imminent ſufferings ; a former report is again broached,
and preſently flits. abroad with fo notice, that now our
old enemy”s approaching with deſign to deſtroy ts, and in.
habit the land, as they did formerly, from the one end to
the other. Nitwithjtanding all this, they became not pe.
nitent, but like mad horſes, refuſmg (as we ſay) the reins
of reaſon, run on upon the broad way of wickedneſs, lea-
wing the narrow paths which lead to happineſs. Where-
fore (as Slomon [ays) when the obſtinate ſervant is not
reformed with chiding, be is whipt for a fool, and conti.
A Plague. mues inſenſible, For a contagions plague fell ſo outragionſly
among theſe fooliſh people, and without the ſword ſwept
eff /uch numbers of them, that the living could ſcarce bu.
ry the dead. But they were not yet mended by this cor.
reftion ; that the ſaying of the Prophet Eſay might be alſo
fulfiled in them, And God called them to forrow and
mourning, to baldneſs and ſackcloth; but behold
they fell co killing ofcalves, to ſlaying of rams : Loe,
they fell to caring and drinking ; and ſaid withall,
let us eat and drink, for to morrow we dic. For the
time drew mear, wherein the meaſure of their ſras, like
Krngs a-
nuiitcd.
———
to wear out among the deſclate Britains, but another more | g
counſel together what was the moſt effettual and comveni.
ent courſe to withſtand thoſe barbarous and frequent inroads
of the aforeſaid nations, and how the booties which they
took ſhould be divided. Then the whole Council, together
with the proud Tyrant, being blindly infatuated, deviſe
this ſecurity, or rather deſtruction for their country ; that |
the fierce Saxons of ever execrable memory, and drrefted Sax rs o
by God and man, ſhould be admitted into the Iſland, like ſo |"
many wolves into the ſheep-fold, to defend them from the |
northern Nations. A thing more deſtrutt ive and pernict-
ous than ever was done to this Kingdom. O the miſt and
roſſneſs of this ſenſe and apprehenſion! O the dull and
blockiſhneſs of theſe Souls ' Thoſe, whom at a diſtance,
they dreaded more than death, now theſe facliſh Princes of
Egypt (as I may ſay) voluntarily invite into their own
houſes, giving ( as 'tis ſaid) ſuch mad counſel to Pharaoh.
Then that kennel of whelps iſſued out uh ws from the
den of the barbarons Lioneſs, m three weſſets, called in their 3
language Cyules, but in ours, long Galleys z . which Tic ©}
with full ſail, lucky omens and auguries, pontended that - he
they ſhould bold the land whither they were then bound,
for three bundred years, and that one bundred aud fifty
years, or one half of the ſaid time, would be i
Jrequent ravages. Having firſt landed in the e oy of
the Iſland, by the appointment of this unfortunate Tyram,
they ſtuck faſt there, pretending to defend the c but
rather. oppreſs'd it.The foelad Lioneſs, being «dvilch that :
ber fb brood had ſucceeded, pours in a targer berd of &
theſe devouring brutes, which arriving here, joyn them- 3
ſelves to the former (puriows iſſue. From: hencefprth, the
ſeeds of iniquity, the root of bitterneſs, thoſe plagues juſtly
due to our impieties, ſhoot out and grow among us wit k
_ increaſe. Theſe Barbarians | wad recerved into the L
[land, obtain an allowance of proviſions, pretending them-
ſelves fallly 10 be ſoldiers, and willing roundergo any hard-
ſhips for the ſake of the kind Britains that entertained
thery, * Theſe favours granted, ſtopped (as we may ſay)
the Curs mouth for ſome time. Then they complam that bk
their * monthly pay was too little, induſtriouſly ſeeking a. * £1?
my colourable cauſe to quatrel 1 declaring they would break "'* ©
their league," and ravagg the whole ]iandg unleſs a more :
liberal maintenance was Bllowed them. t more ado, F
they preſently ſhew they were in earneft b their following 2 --
attions (ſor thoſe cauſes which had pulled down vengeance ;
on our former wickedneſs were ſtill greater ;) ſo has from
ſea to ſea the country 1s ſet on fire 2 this prophane
eaſtern crew, who ceaſed not to conſume all the Cities and
country thereabout 5, till 1he whole ſurface of rhe Iſland, as
ſu as the weſtern Ocean,was burnt by theſe terrible flames,
In this devaſtation, comparable to that of the. Aſſyrians
heretofore againſt Fuda, was alſo fulfilled in us (according
to the Hiſtory ) that which the Prophet, by way of lamen-
tion, ſays, "They have burnt with fire thy ſanctuary,
they have polluted the tabernacle of thy name in the
land. And again, O God, the Gentiles are come in-
to thy heritage, they have defiled thy holy temple,
Oc. So thart all the Colonies were overturned with En-
gines, and the inhabitants, together with the Biſhops,Prieſts,
and all the ora cut off by fire and ſworg together. In
which miſerable proſpet, a man might likewiſe ſee in the
ſtreets, the ruines of towers — down, with their ſtately
garers the fragments of high walls; the ſacred altars, and
imbs of dead bodies, __ clots and ſtains of blood budled
together in one mixt ruine, like a wine-preſs: for there
was no other graves for the dead bodies, than what the
rs of houſes, or the bowels of beaſts and fowls gave
Inem,
In reading theſe things, we ought not to be an
at honeſt Gillas tor ho "1 keenly againſt 2
vices of his Countrymen the Britains, the barbarous
outrages of the Pits and Scots, and the inſatiable
cruelty of our Saxon Anceſtors. But rather being
now, by engrafting or mixture for ſo many ages, be-
come all of us one people, and civilized by religion
and liberal arts, let us refle& upon what they were,
and we ought to be ; leſt God likewiſe, for our ſins
tranſplant other nations hither, that may root us
quite our, or at leaſt enſlave us to them.
that of the Amyites heretofore, was filled up. They took |
Britains
N theſe miſerable, and moſt woful times, /ome
remains of the poor Britains being found in the
mountains, were there butchered in great numbers ;
others, pinched with famine, ſurr
15M»
ed themſelves
to the enemy as their ſlaves for ever, provided __
wot preſently be put to death, which was to be taken for a
wery great favor. Some retired beyond ſea, ſinging under
their ſpread ſails after a bowling manner, inſtead of a
parting ſong, to this porpeſe* ou haſt given us| 0
Lird | as ſheep to be devoured, and ſcattered us a-
mong the heathen. 7 others remained in their native
country, though with great fear, truſting their lives to
waſt mountains, dreadful precipices, intrenched places, to
woody forreſts, and rocks in the ſea, Some of thole
who palled beyond ſea, were they without queſtion,
who to ſecure themſelves, went in great numbers to
Armorica in France, where they were received ve
: kindly by the Armoricens, Which ( © not to ment
3 on a communiry of language, that of Armorics being
j almoſt the ſame with our Britiſh or Welch, nor other
Authors who agree inthis point) is proved by an Au-
thor in the next age to it, and born in Armorica,
; who has writ-the life of S. W: the Confeſlor.
: A race of Britams (lays he) imbarked in little weſſels,
were tranſported over the Britiſh ſea to thu land, a barba-
rous nation of the Saxons, terrible and warlike, and all of
like manners, having poſſeſſed themſelves of their native
Country, Then that dear race ſhut themſelves within thu
corner, where being wore out with fatigue, they are ſet-
led in a quiet country, Yet our Hiſtorians tell us, that
the Britains were bo before this ſeated on that coaſt.
Malmesbury fays, That Conſtantine the Great was ſalu-
ted Emperor by his army, and order'd an expedition for
the * higher parts, brought away with him many Britiſh
Souldiers ; by whoſe means, _— obtained the Empire
with fhengyer viftories, he planted ſuch of them, as bad
run through the fall courſe of Souldiery, in a certain part
of Gaul towards the weſt upon ey hg where to thu
day their —"Y are prodig ionfly increaſed, and ſome-
what altered in modes and language from our Britatns
This was certainly an order of Conſtant ine the Emperor :
Let the old fouldiers enter upon the vacant lands,and
hold them freely for ever. Likewiſe Ninius, Maxi-
mus the Emperer, who ſlew Gratian, would not ſend home
the ſouldiers that had followed him out of Britain, but
gave them many countreys, from the Poole above Mons
Fovk, to the city called Cantguic, and to the weſtern heap,
or Crac-occhidient. He that writes notes upon Ninnius,
adds falſly, That the Armorican Biſhops beyond ſea, went
from hence in an expedition with Maximus the Tyrant,
and when they a7 not return, lay the weſtern parts of
France level with the ground ; taking their wrues and
daughters to marriage, cut out all their tongues, x > the
children ſhould-fbeak their language, And upon thus ac-
count, We call them in our langua e Lhet Vydion, z, C.
half ſilent, becauſe they ſpeak onfaſedy. I cannot gain-
ſay the authority of theſe men; but yet am of opini-
on, that the children of theſe veterans willingly re-
cciv'd the Britains that fled out of their own Coun-
try. Hewever, the name of Britains does not ap-
pear by tHe Writers of that age to have been in theſe
parts, before the Saxons came into Britain ; unleſs
thoſe be they, whom Pliny ſeems to place in Picar-
dy, and who are called Brinani in ſome Copies. For
whoever imagines with Volaterranus, from the fourth
book of Strabo, that Britannia was a city of France ;
let him but look upon the Greek Text, and he may
eaſily learn that Strabo ſpeaks there of the Iſland Brs-
72in, and not of a City. As for that verſe of Diony-
ſus Afer, which I have already cited, fome are in-
Clined rather to underſtand it (as Stephanzs does) of our
2102071 0-
TIOTAM.
Britains of
ARMORICA.
'he takes notice that Ma
Britains, then (as Euſtathins does) of them in Armori..
ca, eſpecially ſeeing Feſtus Avienus, an ancient Wri-
ter, has thus rendered it :
—— Cauris nimium vicina * Britannis :
Flavaque c&ſariem Germania porrigit ora.
Cold Britain, plac'd too near the Northern winds,
And yellow haur'd Germany her coalt extends.
Nor let any man think that the Britamniciani men- Britamii-
tioned in the Netitia, came originally from hence ; ©:
who were really thoſe troops of Souldiers that were
raiſed in our Britain,
Before the arrival of our Britains, this Country
was called Armerica, i. e. ſiuated by the ſea fide ; after Arworice.
that, to the ſame ſenſe, in our Britiſh tongue, Lhdaw, ——_ aq
that is,upon,the ſbore ; andby our Latin writers of the Pliny.
middle age, Letavia. And therefore I ſuppoſe them z,uura:.
to be the Leti which Zoſimus talks of in Gaul, when
ws the Tyrant was born
among the Let; there, and that his father was a Bri-
tain. Theſe * Armerici (during the reign of Conſtan- « caltedvy
tine, who was choſen for the ſake-of his name; and Pro-opius,
the time the Barbarians quite over-ran France, turn- {74 by .
ed out the Roman Gariſons) made themſelves a di- nother,the
ſtinct Commonwealth. But Yalentinian the Younger, ;i#1r 72.
by the affiſtance of eAriuvs, and the mediation of »« Gatie,
St. German, red them. At that time Exuperan- T* born
tizs ſeems to have reigned over them. Of whom,
Claudius Rutilius, thus :
Cujus Aremoricas pater Exuperantins oras
Nunc poſt Iiminium pacis amore docet :
Leges reſt ituit, libertatemque reducit,
Et [ſervos famulis non ſinit eſſe ſux.
Where great Exuperantius gently ſways,
And makes the Natives love return in peace ;
Reſtores their laws, and grateful freedom gives,
Nor baſely lets them be his fervant*s ſlaves.
From theſe verſes, 1 cannot tell but «Agidius Xa:
ſer in» might conclude that the Britains were ſervants
to the Armorici, and 1cgained their freedom in ſpight
of them. The firſt mention of the Britains in
* Armorica that I know of, was in the year 461, a-
bout thirty years after the Saxons were call'd into
Britain ; for then Manſuetus a Britiſh Biſhop (amon
others of that dignity in France and Armorica ) firſt
ſubſcribed in the Council of Towrs. In the ninth
year after, theſe new Inhabitants of France, ſeeing
the Viſigoths poſlels themſelves of the fertile coun-
treys of Anjou and Poidtou, ſet upon them, and
were the only men that ſtopped them from ſeiſing all
France into their own hands. For they ſided with
Antbemius, the Roman Emperor, againſt the Goths ;
ſo that Arvandus was condemned of high treaſon, 5:4. 4p
for writing letters to the King of the Goths, adviſing ©":
him to con the Britains who lived uponthe Loire,
and to divide France between the Goths and Burgun-
dians. Theſe Britains were 4 cunning ſort of people,
warlike, ſeditious, and fubborn upon the account of their
wvalour, numbers, and allies, ſays Sidonius Appollinariz
in his complaint of them to his friend R:orhimus, as
he himſelf calls him (bur Jornandes ſtiles him King
of the Britains,) who being afterwards ſent for by
Anthemius, went with a ſupply of 12000 men to the
Romans ; but before he could joyn them, was dcfeat-
ed in a fair engagement by the Goths, and fo f!:d
to the Burgundians, who were then Confederates
with the Romans. From that time, the Armyrici
being ſubdued by little and little, the name of Bri-
tains ſo great in this new countrey, that the
* BRritans
nd.
Art. 47%
whole body of inhabitants began to fall under it,
——_—u—W_—
« See the Additions to Cornwall ; as allo 1acius Pontanas, in his Letter to Mr. Camden, publiſhed among his Epillles, p. 90.
Orig. Brican. p. 187.
* SillmgR.
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and the tratt it ſelf to be called Britannia Armorica,
and to be [tiled by the French Britannia Ciſmarm2.
Hence J. Scaliger ;
Vircit Aremsricas anim/3 Britanma gentes,
Ft ded:it impcfito nomina priſca jugs.
Armerica ſtout Britain overcame,
And with her yoke impos'd her ancient name.
For that they fell upon their friends who had enter-
tained them, is manifeſt {among others) from the
* me. Words of Regalis Biſhop of * Venmes, concerning him-
49H ſelf and friends. We are enſlaved ro the Britain;, and
Turon. (10. Unaergo a hard yoke. In afcer eumes, they COUTAgCe-
19. C.g-
ouſly defended their lives and liberties againſt the
French ; at firſt under ths conduit of petty Kings,
and afterwards under Counts and Dukes ; though
/as Glaber Rodolphus has 1t,) rb::; 7hcle 210th come
ſiſted in being freed from triwute, ard in having plenty
of milk. And hence Wiiiam of Ma!mesbury, who
wrote five hundred years ago, ſays thus of them
They are a generation of men very needy at home ; and
| there ore earn fe oreign pay in other places by Very toil/amne
methods, If they be but well paid, thry ffick not ( erther
upon the ſcore of right or kindred) at engeging in civil
ha but are mercenary, and for the fide that bids mo/t.
The BRITAINS ff
W ALES C
HE reſt of the Britains (who were miſe-
rably forc'd to ſeek a Country in their own
native one.) underwent fuch a weight of
calamity as cannot to the full height of it
be expreſfs'd : being not only harrafled by a cruel
war carried on far and near againſt them by the
Saxons, Pits, and Scots ; but every where —_—
by the intolerable infolence of wicked Tyrants.
Who, and what theſe were, about the year Foo, you
ſhall hear in ſhore from Gildas, who liv'd at that
Coxftan- time, and was himſelf an eye-witneſs. Conſtantinus
F&ru. among the Damnonii, though he had bound himſelf b
an expreſs oath before God an the Saints, that he wo
do the duty of a
the blood royal, and their two Tutors (both valiant men )
- optae in 10 Churches, under the Amphibalus ( * or ſacred velt-
fary in ment hary on both ſides) which the Abbot wore, ha-
te1PICt It. q1;7 many years _ that put away ba lawful wife, and
defid himſelf with repeated adulteries.
Aurelius Toure A ploy in parricides y”" __
I alles FETIES, @ ng t country, was left alone
ohne like a tree xt A 12% Han freld. Hs fe ather and
brothers were carried away with their own wild whim-
ſeys, and ſurpriſed by an wn imely death.
ror:ipo- Vortiporius, a tyrant of rhe Dimet», rhe umwortby
"= ſon of a good father, in hu manners hike a Panther, be
ing as much ſported with hu fins of eng in the throne in
his grey hairs, full of craft and fi i, and defiled with
parricides and adulteries, turn'd wife, committed
a rape upon her daughter, and then kill'd ber. |
> athy. ul in Latin Lanio © fulvus, 4 bear riding
upon many, and the coachman that drives the chariot
which holds the bear, a deſpiſer of God, m_—_ of
the Clergy, fighting againſt God with ſens, men with
arms ; Wy of his wife, induſtriouſly ſought out holy
men to injure them, was proud of his own wiſdom,
confided in the uncertain ſtrength of bis riches.
Maglecu- Maglocunus, an Iſland Dragon, (who had deprived
wwe many tyrants of their Kingdoms and Irves ) world be ever
firſt in at a miſchief ; bis fbrength and malice was
generally above that of others \, he =—_ largely, ſomed pro.
Tuſely, fought ftourly, and excelled all the ommanders
Britain both in extent of ORE and - kf "cn
and pracefulneſs of bus perſon. In hu yout ll u
his # 49 prom 44 Ml his courageows ſouldiers, hey
deſtroyed them with fire and ſword. Afterwards, when
the fantaſtick thoughts of reigning in an arbitrary manner
were extinguiſhed, he fell into ſuch a remorſe of conſcience,
. that he profeſsd himſelf a monk ; yet he ſoon returned to
hs womit, and breaking his former vows to a monaſt ick
life, deſpiſed bis firſt marriage, and fell in love with the
wife of bis own brothers ſon then living, killing the ſaid
brothers ſon and his own wife, after be had lryed ſome
rime with her ; and then he married his brothers ſons
wife, on whom he had ſettled his affettions, But the
Cruneg la-
#165,
ood Prince, yet ſtew two children of
and | be extinguiſhed, till Henry the ſeventh ( deſcended
| from the Welſh) was favourable and LW to ” ovag
ORN WALL.
have hitherto falſly made them to ſucceed one ano.
ther, when at the very ſame time '(as appears from
Gildas who ſpeaks to them all ſeverally) they uſurp'd
a tyranny in diſtin& parts of the Ifland.
Theſe few remains of the Britains withdrew them- c#».
ſelves into the weſtern parts of the Iſland, namely,
thoſe we call Wales and Cormwall ; which are forti- wear,
tified by nature with hills and zſtuaries. The firſt #1:
of thoſe Countreys was call'd by the Saxons 4 Brit- TY
weales, and the other Cormueales, as thoſe in France
Galweales. For any thing that was exotick and fo-
reign, was nam*d by them Walſh; and for the ſame
reaſon the Walloones in Holland, and the V21lach; upon
the Danube, were originally fo call'd. Theſe Brit-
wales [or Welſhmen}] were a warlike people, and
for many ages maintained their hberty under their
Kings. Although they were ſhut out from the
Engliſh by a trench of wonderful make, caſt by King
Offa, yet they were ever now and then breaking in,
and waſting their cities with fire and ſword ; and
likewiſe were repay'd by the Saxons with moſt grie-
vous outrages. |
( as he 40" or _— ) The armor tad ao cap Fan ;
iſpoſeth all ehings rightly, among ot f ations
's mercy, by which be bas uch/Fed to Frapyome 4
Kingdoms of England, hath now by his mercy ſubjeed the
= of Wales, with the inhabitants thereof, ( who
bel formerly of us) wholly and fully without any let or
hindrance to our property and dominion ; having annexed
and united the ſame to the crown - Bape ſaid Realm as
one member of the ſelf ſame body. otwithitanding in
the next age, — in the world could induce
them to endure this ſervitude, no accommodation
could be made between them ; and this ſpight, and
hatred upon it between the two nations, could never
and Hen. VIII. admitted them to the ſame laws and
liberties that the Engliſh have. Since that, and ſome
time before, the Kings of England have found them
to be of untamted loyalty and obedience. However
the Cormwualli were ſoon reduced under the dominion
of the Saxons, in ſpight of all the oppoſition they re-
ſolurely made to detend their country ; being over-
match*d in number, and their territories not ſo well
guarded by nature, as to protect them.
Burt what we have ſaid already, may ſuffice for the
Britains and the Romans, However, fince 1 here
treat of the Inhabitants, I muſt not paſs on without
— what Zoſimus relates, ( though 1 took no- 155. :.
tice of it before; ) That Probus the Emperor tranſ. V1"
planted the Vandals and Burgundizns he had conquered, yo dium
into Britain, who being ſettled here proved very i 5:49
ſerviceable to the Romans whenever a ſedition was
hatching. But where they cou!d be ſeated, unleſs ic
relation of theſe things belongs to Hiſtorians, who
were in Czmbridgec(hire, I cannot tell. For Gervaſius
- Otherwiſe writ furvus.
| d Britwealas, Cornwealas, and Go/wea'as. are th: truc readings. Se. the b gitning of the .dditioas to Corne
wa! ; and Mr. $2:ymcr's Goflury at the cnd of che X. Scrip:ores, unicr the tit c Wait
——_—.
Tilbu-
t laſt in the reign of Edw. the firſt, S:4:ua
_ _ — a —— FF Io 7 m Maas mt i#.- oc "O "m—_R —_— — —— mY ltd. tins _—— ”
'N-
ale,
it
a,
ſu
©—____. — —— i. too Lo.
CE
, whach ys it was
done by the Vandals. : |
I would not have any one imagine,
of Conftexrias, the
; Nift forte non gravior Bri.
teanuiam ruins depreſfſeras, quam 4 etwr Oceano
it Penn grins art, comſpelium
emerſit, 5, e.
was oppreſt, were noe greater than if it
quice overwhelmed with the Ocean Bur
from a deep gulf of the [ Pens | lifts up
the ſight of the Roman light. For there
—_——.
cheir opinion upon that paſlage of
E
puniſhtmens
| were gall*d under Caraufius.
From thar _—_— tkewiſe, in the ſecond book
of his Hiſtory, Britdins ave 4 nation of ths Hunns j
I would nbt have any one ſtandalize che Britains, of
conclude them to be Hwns. For inone Greek Copy
it is read BlrJopes and not Britories, as I have beer
aſſured long ſince by the mioft learned Fronce Pir hea }
and as F. Lewenclaiar, a moſt deſerving perſon for his
knowledge in Hiſtory, has now publiſhed it.
OW for the other Inhabitants of Bri-
tain ; and firſt of the Pi#:; who in the
Antiquity are allow'd by Hiſto-
rians to come next the Britains, Hector
e from the Agarbyrfi; Pom-
Aventinus, and others from the Ger-
Same will have them from the Pifones in
France, and Bede from the Scyrtiams, Ir bappen'd
(fays he) that the Pitts ſailed from Scythia (as the ve-
gort goes )in ſome few gallies imto Ireland, and that baving
defired a ſeat of the Scots there without ſucceſs they went
over to Britain by their advice, and ſett
part of it, about the year 78 (a
In ſuch * variety of opinions, I don't know which
to adhere to ; however to ſhew as well as I can, how
the truth of this matter ſtands, I will venture to deli-
ver my own thoughts of it. And unleb the Aurhe-
rity of Venerable Bede was a ſufficient counterpoile
tO
a nation averſe to ſlavery,
to be hamper'd by the Romans, at-
terwards joined them. For juſt as thoſe Britains did,
in the Saxon invaſion being loath to part with
ir liberty, withdrew 'and retreated to the weſt-
of the Ifland, Pals and Cormwal,, full of craggy
ills : fo the Britains in the Roman war, ca-
is
af
Sf
F
Jie
a
:$:
-
bo
T
its
£
with the natives of the country
a nanon. For Tacirus tells us, char the
enemics of the Romans were drives into
(as into another Iſland) by Agricela his father in law ;
queſtions but were Britains chat
theſs remote parts of the Iſland. For cat
fancy, that all thoſe Britains at war with the
(that amounted co an army of 30000 fighe-
men, led out at once agairiit Agricols; and
gave Severms ſuch great that in one ex-
pedirion, ſeventy thouſand of his Roman and conſe-
_ were cut off) were every foul of
em ed, without — to propagate
—— that we muſt needs fill the place with
reigners from Scythia or Thrace ? 1] am fo far from
believing ir ( þ Bede harh (aid ic upon the credit
of others) that 1 had rather affirm chem ro have becn
fo fruitful and multiplying, that their own country
Was unable to allow chem either room or food ; and
that therefore they were conftrain*d to overtiow, and
ive a poprions neck
|
|
— ——
The: P-1-:G-F-&
the north | fi
vt. 7 ig ts)
| che Pitts
in 2 manner Overwhelm the Romani Province ; 2s af.
rerwards they certainly did wher! che Scots ſettled
there them. becauſe Bede writ this ac.
cording to t of others in thoſe times, I am
yery aptto believe that ſome from Scn4ig (which was
heretofore, together with all that northern tract, call'd
Scythia ) might arrive among theſe Northern Britains;
way of that continu'd fer of Iſlands, lying almoſt
Howpeer Tel wn hat I 1
owever, leſt any one intagine that I here impoſe
upon my ſelf by a Foods va F think I can ſhew
rom the manners, name, and language of the Picts
(wherein they will appear to be very agreeable wich
our Britains,) that they were indeed the very Britains
chemſelves. |
And therefore without taking notice that neither
(according to Bede,) nor the Brirains (ac-
to Tacitus) made any diſtin&ion of Sex iti
point of Government, or excluded the Females from
; | the Crown t that faſhion of painting and dawbi
themſelves wich colours, was comrtion to both n
ons. Thus much we have already obfſerv'd among the
—_ and Claudian will ſhew us the ſame among
Pias.
mn Nee falſo nomine Pictos
E dornuit-
—————— In happy war 0'recame
The Pid#: that differ g froni their name,
| Again,
n—— Ferroq; notatas
Perlegit exanimet Pifto moriente figurasi
— —- And oft furvey'd
Pale ir'n-burne figures on the dying Pi.
Idoem : is no lefs ro this _ 2» Pigs
fame e wers t : berauſe i uceZzs out
the juice of Ars and imprint it in their bodies prick.
their ckins with a needle, ſo that the ſpotted nobility
bear theſe ſcers in their painted limbs, as a badge and in-
dication of their bonour. Now, ſhall we itnagine that
theſe TN were Germats, og go oor ſuch
mode of painting them ? or were th
Agathyrſs of Thrace, a people fo very far off ? =
not rather that _—— che Britains themiſelvey
ſeing chey were in che fanie INand, and bad the very
Gme cuſtom of pai y
Nor are theſe Barbariaris ( who fo long infeſted
the Romans by their (allies from the Caledmian wood)
exprefled by a7 other name in old Authors, ſuch as
Dio, Herodian, opiſcus, &c. than that of Britains.
Likewiſe Tacitus (who gives a full account of that
war, that his father in law Agricola carried on in this
outward part of Britain) calls the Inbabicants by 10
other name than this of Britain: and & Caledonia Bri.
ti
tam ; whereas theſe new-comers the Ps had been
'CILES <<» Cos veneer
# Sac
to have this orig ink) tyuk Soonds Barre;
—_— <——
Biſhop Uſher's Art /quit at. Brit au, Excleſ, cap. 15, where their origirs! u fully diſcuſled. De; Su/logiksr, Orig. Eritan. p. 246; proves them
here
CXi The- Picts.
= | tore, according to the report.of our | ſyllable of it is to betound in any Auytbor: however
_— _— — | waddiane notice-taken of, 4 ſeemsto have been the ſame withche Bruſh. Bede
becauſe Tacitus knew ngthitg at alk of: them? in Iu rells us, that a Valium © began at a plaes, called in the
time. Nor would thoſe Roman Emperors, who car- | Pictilh rongue Penuabel ; now Pengus! 32-Britith plain-
ried on -the- war with ſucceſs againft them, namely ly ſignifies 4 beae, Or the beginnms of the vallam. More.
Commodas, \ Severus, \With © Baſſianus and Geta his ſons, | OYEr 1N all that part of the Iiland, which was longeſt
have aſſumed the title of Bricannici upon:the conquelt | poſſeſt by the Victs, ( and that was the Eaſt part of
of -them, in caſe they-had:not been Britains, With- | Scotland, ) many,names.of places Jeem. to-implie -a
out doubt, if the Ramans (to whom every ting un | Britiſh original: for example, MurrizyMarnia, irom
known was magnificent) had conquered. any other | the Briciſh word or, becaule chokecountreys bor
nation different from the. Britains, and; which they dered upon the ſea: Aberden, riberlothwep, Aberdares
knew not .of before ; whether they had been call'd Aberneitb , that is, tO fay,, the mouth of 1he: den, of 141
Pitts or Scots, would have had thoſe cities of Pitts or | Lc:ber, «f rhe Dore, anduf rhe Neizh; from'the Bratuh
Scots in their Coins and Inſcriptions, ;, Tacitus con- word Abe 7, Which ljgnifics ihe madh of. a river. So
jectures from their 'red hair and the bigneſs of their Strathboigy, Strathdee, Stratvearn, that is, the wate of
Itmbs, that they came originally from Germany ; Bolgy, of ie Dee, and cf the Earne, from the word
but immediately after, he more truly aferibes tt to the | Srrarh, which means 2 valiy in Britiſh. "Nay, the ve.
dimate, which models the bodies in-it. - Whereupon | 17 Metropolis of the Piets owns 1s name” ro be hy
allo Virruvius : . Thoſe parts tewards the nort h-pole pro- | oit-ſpring OLI no other language bur the Britiſh ; I Mean
duce men of huge bulk, tauniſh colour,,, and-ignk red tir. | Edinguygh, ( whyehyPcolemy calls Caft ram alatum, ) tor
Moreover, that the Caledonians, (who were without Aden fignitics a wing in Britiſh. Nor will I wi eſt it
diſpure Britains) were the very ſame with the Pits, | © an argument, that ſome ot the perry Kings of th
we have another hint in that of the Panegyriſt, | Picts > _ _ _ o - = Be _—
Caledonum aljorumque_ Petorum (yluvas, £$c.,4a5 11 the | * P2w#eg, as, 1 nave OUenN ONCIVER! Megtys. 0
Calcdoniumns any, other rely Picks. L, And that what has been ſaid, K, pretty clearly Joyows, hag
theſes 'Caled-mians, were a Britiſh Nation, Martial in- | lat e of the Ficts was not different front that $4
timates in this verſe of his, 77 the, Brizains, and therefore that the natzanus were ng
Pe ym leveral and diſtin, although Bede ſpeaks of the lars
Quinte Caledinivs Ovids viſure Britannos. p guage of the Picts and Britains as quace dilferent ; in,
- ONS _& your voyage now de igft | which place perhaps he may Gans on bins canon,
To Caledonian Brits, Oe. ly diales, by the term of language. |
«
Auſonius alſo ; who at the ſame time ſhews us they | Nor 6s it {trange that the Ps ſhould, by their in-,
were painted, when he thus compares their colour | curfions, give great ſlaughter to their. Countrymen
to green moſs mixt with gravel : tho Bricains, ſceing at this day, in Ireland, thole that
= Ts Pond: are there ſubject to the Engliſh, have. no ſuch mali-
T tory fiſt inguit glares muſcans/ cious and ſpiteful enemies, as their own. fellow-natives
w_ Catedonius talus pictara Br RE the Wild-Iriſh. Tor, as Paulus Diaconus has it, Jo As
Green moſs with yellowſand diſtinguiſh'd grows, | ;;, Goths, Hyppoguths, Gepidians and Vandals, changing
Juſt tothe Caledonian Britain ſhows. their ngme. only, and ſpeaking the (clf [are Loguage, ca,
But as theſe went current for a long time by noother countred one another: oſten with great Jharpnels; Io
name than that of Britains, and that. too drawn from alſo. did the Picts and Britains, eſpecially when the
their painted bodies ; fo afterwards about the time of | lalt became confederates with the Romans. Thetz
Aaximinian and. Dieccleſian (before which the word (. ſuch EO they are ), were the motives that induced,
Pits is not to be met with in any Writer,) when and in. a manner forced me to think the Pilts a
Britain had been fo long a Province that the Inhabi- | remainder of the Britains. Bur perhaps the authoruy
rants began to underſtand the ProvincialLatin; -theſe | of Bede may countervail all this ; and ut it plcaſe the
then ſeem firſt to have been call'd Pi#s to diſtinguiſh | Reader, let the tradition of {o great a man, though,
them trom thoſe who were confederate with the Ro- | built upon the wgre repart of others, prevall agaiuit
mans and call'd Britains. © And wharcoutd give occa- | and caſt theſe conjectures. | C25
ſion for calling them Pitts, but that they painted Ammianus Marcellinus divides the Pits into Dice]. ©
themſelves? But it any one Joes not believe that ever | 4oz44 and Vetturiones; I ſhould rather read ic Deuca!.;.-
our Bricains made uſe of the Provinciat Latin, he has | 49ii, and do ſuppoſe them to have inhabited the Welt
not obſerv?d, what care was taken by the Romans to } coaſt of Scotland, where the Deucalidonan Ocean comes
induce the Provinces to ſpeak that language, nor ! up. ., Although I farmerly imagined them to be thus
what multitudes of Latin words have crept into the | called, as if one. ſhould fay Nigri Caledoni; ( for Dec
Britiſh tongue. So that I need not urge this point | ſignifies b/ack in Britiſh, ) juſt as the Iriſh at this day
any tarther with the authority of Tacitus; who wntes, call the Scotch of that country Duf Allizawn, that is
that in Domitian's tine, the Britains affeed the | to lay, back Scots 3 and as the Welch called thoſe Pi-
eloquence of the Roman language... .But as for this | rates that infeſted them, from that . coalt, 7 ik du, be
Li6.4c.37- name of the Pi&s, the authority of Flavius Vegetius black Army ; yet a man- may conjeaure that they
will clear all doubts concerning it. He in ſome mea- | took that name from their ſituation. For-Debeu Calc-
ſure demonſtrates, that the Britains us'd the word donii implies the Caledonians living on the right baud,
Pit to expreſs a thing coloured, in the very fame | that is, to the Weſtward : as thoſe other. Picts dwel-
ſenſe thatthe Romans did. . For he ſays that the Bri- ling towards the. left, or ihe Eat, ( witch Ninnius
tains call'd your Scout-pithaces Pi#te, the fails and| Calls the leit-hand-part, ). were termed Vetturiones,
cables thereof being dy'd blue, and the mariners and perhaps deduced trom the word Chwichic, which ſig-
fouldiers clad in habics of the fame colour. Certain- | nifies fo in Britiſh; and are fancied by ſome to be
Iy, it the Britains: would call ſhips from their ſails of corruptly named in Ptolemy Yernicenes. An old Saxon
blue-dye, Pictz, there is no reaſon in the world, why fragment ſeemsto expreſs them by the word Pegweerr,
they ſhould not give the name Pi#; to a people that | for ſo it names an enemy-nation to the Britains;
painted their bodies with. ſeveral colours, and eſpe-| whereas the antient Saxons called the Pits, * Pehi:-,
Cially with blue (for that js the dye that woad gives.) | and Peobtas, Hence in Whitkindus, Pebiti is every
Thus farther makes for our purpoſe, that the Nor- | where read inſtead of Pi. |
chern Pits, converted to Chriltianity by the preach- | The manners of thoſe antient and barbarous Bri- ©
ing and example of 'S, Ciumbanus, are called in the | taitis, that afterwards went by the name of Pi; we
old Saxon Annals © Britras Pechtas, as if one ſhould | have already deſcribed from Dio and Herodian. It *©
fay, Briiſh Pits. | remains now that Ladd what followed. Uponthe dc- '*
Lavoinge The reaſon why T have not many arguments drawn | cline of the Empire, when the Romans unwarily rai-
Hog fromthe language of the Picts, is, becauſe hardly a ſed thoſe Troops of Barbarians ; ſome of theſe Pits, *
3c,
AC
-
« In ali the Copies I have Len, rhey areſtmp!y called Pobras. b Made againſt the incurſion of the Picts. Hol. c The true ſignification of
Bruth, (ee b<tore, nader the firle, Naw? ef Britain; and Sumnca's Gloſlarie co the Decem Scriptores, under Brazen a. « Þ;þ;45. 15 Common
vaghe 53501 ; but Pekits 1 never oblerved yr
\ , drawn
Scots.
drawn over by Honorius (when the ftace of - the | — Whenthe Panegyrift intimares, that before Czfar's
whole Empire was calm, into the ſtanding Army of | time Britain was haunted by its haff naked Enemies the
che Empire) were called Henoriaci. Theſe, in the reign | Pitts end Scots, he feerns to ſpeak according to the
of that tyrane Conſtantine, (*who was eleed upon | cultom of that age; for certainly they were not then
che account of his name) laid open the paſſes of the | in Britain under that name. |
Pyrenees, and let the Barbarians mto Spain. And at] Moreover, ſeeing Sidowis Apollinarss (ays thus in his
length ( having fir{t by themſelves, and after with the| Panegyrick to his Father-in-law,
Scors their Alhes, infeſted this Province of the Ro- | Vitricia Ceſar
mans) they began to civilize: thoſe of the South be. Sig ng Caledonies tranſvexit ad uſq; Britannes
ing converted to Chriſtianity by Nevis or Ninianss | ontum Scotur, Of cum Saxone Piftum
he Britain, a very holy man, about the year 430. but ng T nw, £74 q
c ho? Czſar's conq'ring arms: as tar
thoſe of the North, who were ſeparated from the 0-| ,. Caledovian Brit ains urg'd the war
thers by a craggy ridge of high mountains, by Colun:. ” @:: : - "LE
Noweny y a. Ireland, tigh 2 Monk alſo of ſingu- Tho” Scots and Pa#s with Saxons he fubdu'd.
lar holineſs, = the Jour os _—_—C—_ | cannot but exclaim in the words of another Poet.
wherever he learned it) to ate t O
Raf, between the 14th day of March and the 2oth, | ,_. med +, - > 07" — —_
; No credit juſtly ſhould the Muſes find,
and always upon Sunday ; and alſo to uſe another | 55, 1 {© high, they leave che eruch behind
kind of tonfare than the Romans did, namely, that igh, ey His g
like the imperfet form of a Crown. Theſe points | Czlar, ever large enough in things that ſhew his
were ſharply conteſted for a long time in this INand, own glory, would never have concealed exploits, it
till Naitan, King of the Pits, with much ado, | he had done them. Bur theſe writers ſcem not un-
brought them to a conformity with the Roman | like ſome good learned Authors of this age, who in
Church. In this age many of the Pidts, according | writing the hiſtory of Czfar, tell us that he conquer'd
to the manner of thoſe times, went in Pilgrimage to | the French in Gaul, and the Engliſh in Britain
Rome; and among others one of them 15 recorded | whereas at that time there was then no ſuch names
in the Antiquities of St. Peter's Cathedral there, in| in being, as either that of the Engliſh here, or that
us, theſe words, Aſterins, Cornt of the Pitts, «nd Syra with | of the French there; for thoſe people, many ages at-
hs mer, have performed their Vows. At laſt, they were| ter, came into theſe countries.
ſo confounded by the Scors,ruſhing in upon them from| That the Pittores of Gaul were the ſame nation Piftmes
Ireland, that being defeated in a bloudy Engage-| with our Pics, I dare not, with Fob» Picardus, be-
ment, about the year 740. they were either quite ex- | lieve ; ſeeing the name P:i&fones was famous in Gaul,
tinguiſhed, or elſe by lictle and little fell into the name | even in Czfar*s time; and theſe of ours are no where
and nation of the other. Which very thing betel| expreſt by that name : unleſs ir be in one paſlage,of
the mighty Kingdom of the Gauls, who being con- | the Panegyriſt, where 1 know that P:i&fonum, by a
quered by the Franks, funk by degrees into thcir | flip in the tranſcriber, is pur for PicForur.
name.
_— ry —r—er——_—
e See a more diltinct account of his EleS:om and Ations, given by Mr. Camden in the County oc Southampton.
& Cc, OW
HE place among the Britiſh Nations next, The 7 beginning and etymology of the Scorch na-
in order to the Pits, is in juſtice due to| tion, as well as its neighbours, is ſo wraptup in miſts
the Scots ; but before I treat of them, leſt | and darkneſs, that even the fagacious Buchanan either
ſome ſpiteful and ill-natur'd men ſhould | did not diſcover it, or only diſcovered it to himſelf;
miſconſtrue thoſe things for calumny, which with all | for he has not anſwered the expectation of the world
lincerity and plain-dealing I have here collected out of | concerning him in this point. Upon this account, I
antient Writers concerning the Scots ; I muſt caution | have long forbore entring the liſts, and playing the
the Reader, that every word here is to be referred to | fool with others, in admiring fables. For, a man may
the old, true, ard genuine Scots only ; whoſe poſte- | as colourably refer the original of Scotland to the
rity are thoſe that ſpeak Iriſh, who pollels tor a long | Gods, as to Scora, that ſham-daughter of Pharaoh, ,,,,,
way together :bar now called the Weſt part of Scot-| King of <£gypr, who was married to Gaithelus, fon Phara' h's
land, and the Iſlands thereabouts; and are commonly | of Cecrops, the founder of Athens. Bur, as this opi. #%8**©:
rermed Highland-men. Forthoſe more civilized, who | nion is rejected by thoſe thatare ingenuous among the
inhabit the Eaſt part of the country, though they | Scots themſelves, as {prung from a grofs ignorance of
are adopted into that name, yet are nor really Scots, | Antiquity; fo this other of a later date, abfurdly ta.
but of the ſame German original with us Engliſh. | ken from a Greek original, that the Scots areſfocalled
This they cannot but confeſs, nor we but acknow- | quaſ# 04s)104, that is to fay, obſcure, ought likewiſe to
lege; being called, as well as we, by the aforeſaid | be hitſed out, and expoſed, as ſpightiully contrived
Highland-men, Saſſenes. Beſides, they ſpeak the fame | in diſhonour to a moſt famous and warlike nation.
language that we do, namely the Saxon, with ſome | Nor is that opimion of our Florilegs, namely, that
variation in Dialect only ; which is an infaliible proof | the Scots are fo called, as ariſing from a confuſed med.
of the ſame original. In which regard, I am fo far| dley of nations, univerſally current. Yet I cannot
in this from caſting any refle&ion upon them, that I | but admire, upon what grounds Iſidorus could lay, * * «© ©
have rather loved them the more, as men of the ſame ' That rhe Scots in their own tongue bave their name from
blood and extraction, and have ever reſpeed them, | rheir painted bodies, becauſe they are marked by iron needles
even when the Kingdoms were diſtin&t, and now | with ink, andthe print of various figures. Which is al-
much more, ſince by the favour of God we are uni- | fo cited in the ſame words , by Ravanus Maurus, in his
ted into one body, under one ſovereign head of Eng-| Geography to the Emperor Lodovicus Pins, now ex-
land and Scotland 3 which may the Almighty fancti- | rant in Trinity College Library at Oxtord.
he to the good, happy, proſperous, and peacctul | Bur ſeeing Scotland has nurſed up thoſe that can
ſtare of both nations. trace her Original from the higheſt ſteps of Antiquity,
es
7 dec Biltop Uiba's ax::yquitat. £cclſ. Brian. Cop. If $£ Uuuounls out UL iilits Hot
| and
tage I Fre @ Dy 1, IX
LL no une YU rfwe cs.
7 AAP $1 8 w
£4,
Scots. FO
—_——
” =
and do it both to their own honour, and that of their
I-:land
the Comm
try ot the
Scots.
« 4 '
(op 419, is
(1g 837 hcl,
4 F*> SF
wll.. IAC
In his FF. -
£0477 », +.
Country, if they will but employ their whole care
and thoughts for a while upon it; I will only give
ſome ſhort touches upon thoſe things, which may
afford them ſome light into the truth of it, and offer
ſome others, which I would have them weigh a lit-
tle diligently : for I will not pretend to determine a-
ny thing in this controverſie. Firſt therefore of their
original, and then of the place from whence they were
tranſplanted into Ireland. For *tis _ that out of
Ireland, ( an Iſle peopled formerly by the Britains, as
ſhall be ſaid in its proper place, ) they were tranſpor-
ted into Britain; and that they were ſeated in Ire-
land when firſt known to any Writers by that name,
So Claudian, ſpeaking of their inroads into Britain ;
Totam cum Scotus Hibernem
Movit, & infeſto ſpumawvit remige Thetw.
When Scots came thundring from the rb ſhores,
And th'ocecan trembled ſtruck with hoſtile oars.
In another place alſo,
Scotorum cumnlos flevit placials Hiberne.
And frozen Ireland moan'd the crowding heaps
Of murther'd Scots. —
Oroſius likewiſe writes, that Ireland s 4" rad by nations
cf the Scgts. Agreeable is alſo that of Itidore. Scot-
land and Ireland are the ſame : but it ts called Scotland,
becauſe it is peopled by nations of the Scots, Gildas calls
them Hibernos graſſatores, Iriſh robbers. Bede allo,
The Scots who inbabu Ireland, an Iland next to Britain,
Aad fo in other places. Eginhardus, who lived in
the age of Charles the Great, expreſly calls Trcland,
the Iſland of the Scots, Thus alſo Giraldas Cambren-
lis, That the Scotch nation u the off-ſpring of Ireland, the
reſemblance of their language cnd dreſs, as well as of their
2eapens and cuſtoms, continued to this day, do ſufficiently
prove. But now for that I had to ofter to be conlti-
dercd by the Scots.
Since they who are the true genuine Scots, own
not the name of Scots, but call themſelves Gaoirhel,
Gae!, and Alvin; and many people are called by their
neighbours after another name than what they give
themſelves, by which the firſt riſe of a nation is often
traced; as for inſtance, the people of the lower Pan-
0nia, Who call themſelves 2agzer, are called by the
Dutch Huwmgar:, becauſe they were originally Hunns;
thoſe bordering upon the foreſt Hercynia, go by the
name ol Czech; among themſelves, whereas they are
called by others Bohzmi, becauſe they arethe off-ſpring
ot the bz in Gaul; the Inhabitants of Africa, who
have alſo a name among themſelves, are nevertheleſs
called by the Spaniards Alarbes, becauſe they are Ara-
bians; the liſh, who call themſelves Erenach, are by
our Britains called Gwidbill ; and both the Iriſh and
Biitains give us Engliſh no other name than Saſſon, be-
cauſe we are deſcended from the Saxons. Since theſe
things are thus, I would deſire it might be examined
by the Scots, whether they were ſo called by their
neighbours, quaſi Scyrbe, For as the low Dutch call
both the Scythians and Scers by this one word, Scutten;
{o it is obſerved from the Brinſh writers, that our Bri--
tains likewiſe called both of them 7-Scor, Ninnius alſo
exprelly calls the Britiſh inhabirants of Ireland Scy:be,
and Gildas names that Sea, over which they paſſed
out of Ireland into Britain, Val Scythica, For lo it
is in the Paris Edition of him, whereas others abſurd-
ly read it Sty1icha walls. Again King Alfred ( who 7
hundred years ago turned Orofius's Hiſtory into
Saxon ) tranſlates Scots by the word Scytran z, and our
own borderers to Scotland do not call them Scors, but
Scyrres and Scetrs. For as the ſame people are called (fo
Walſingham hasit) Gere, Getici, Gothi, Gothict ; ſo from
one and the [ame original come Scythe, Scitici, Scots, Scotici,
But then, wherher this name was given this nation
by the neighbours, upon account of 1ts Scythian man-
ners, or becauſe they came from T_ I would
have them next to conſider. For Diodorms Siculus and
«1. $:r4bo exprefly compare the void people of Ireland,
" (which is the erue and native country of the Scots)
with the S:y:hians, in barbarity. Beſides , they
drink tize blood out of the wounds of the (lain, ws
ratihs their leagues with a draught of blood on bot
ſides, and the wild Iriſh { as alſo thoſe that are truc
Scots) tlynk their honour leſs or greater, in propor-
tion to the numbers they have ſlain; as the Scyrhiax;
heretofore did. Farther, 'tis obſervable, that the main
weapons among the Scors, as well as among the Scy-
thians, were bows and arrows. For Orpheus calls
the Scythians mtogbgur, as lian and Julius Pollux,
Sapgittarii, that is to fay, Archers ; whereupon the
learned are of opinion that both nations took their
name from their skill in. arching, Nor is it ſtrange,
that ſeveral nations ſhould take the ſame name from
the ſame manners ; ſince thoſe that have travelled the
Weſt-Indicstell us, that all ſtout men, who with their
bows \and arrows infeſt the whole” India, and the
Iſlands about it, are called by this one name of c..,
Caribes, though they are of ſeveral nations. Boru
But that they came from Scy:hia, the Iriſh Hiſto. }
rians themſelves relate ; for they reckon Nemerhus the
Scythian, and long after that Dela, ( deſcended from
the poſterity of Nemetbus, that is to fay, of Scythian
extrattion) among the fir{t inhabitants of Ireland.
Ninnius alſo, E/uodugus's Scholar , expreſly writes
thus: In the fourth age of the warld ( he means that
ſpace berween the building of the "Temple and the
Babyloniſh Captivity ) rhe Scythians poſſeſſed themſelves
of Ireland. Agrecable with this is the authority of mo-
dern writers ; of Ciſnerus in his Preface to Crantzius; 7m .
and Reinerus Reineccins, who ſays, there remains deſcen- 7B
ded from the Scythians a nation of Scots in Britain, &C.
Yer I very much queſtion, notwithſtanding the Geres
were a Scythick nation, whether Propertius meaus
our Iriſh in this of his,
Hiberniq; Get, Pitteq; Britannia curru.
And Irih Getes, and Britiſh foes that ride
In painted Chariots —————
But the honour of the Scots ( forſooth ) is not to ME
. . . y rom |
be faved in this point, unleſs they be tranſplanted ,,...Þ
from Spain into Ireland. For this, both they and their h: x3
Hiſtorians as zealouſly ſtickle for, as if their lives and j;.1,.%
liberties were at ſtake; and indeed not withour rea- |
fon. And theretore all this is but loſt labour, it chere |
are no Scythians to be found in Spain. 'I hat the Scy- 8cy»v3
thians then were there, (not to mention that Pro. **Þ
montory among the Cantabri, called Scythicum, next :
to Ireland ; nor to heed what Strabo writes, that the
Cantabrji were like the Scythians in manners and bar-
barity, ) is clearly ſhewn us by Silas Italicus , who was
born in Spain. For that the Concani, a nation of cu Þ
Cantabria, were the off-ſpring of the Maſſagere, that
is, the Scythians, appears by this verſe of his ;
Et que Maſſagetem monſtrans feritate parentem
Cornipeds fuſa ſatiaris Concane wvens.
Concaxs, that ſhow themſelves of Scythian ſtrain,
And horſe's blood drink from the reeking vein.
Some few lines after, he informs us that the Sarma! e
(who are granted by all to be Scythians) built Suſana,
a City of Spain, in this verſe,
w— Sarmaticos attollens Suſana murcs.
Suſan,that rears her proud Sarmetian walls.
From theſe Sarmat#, or Scythians, the Luceni, which |; ,,:
Orofjus places in Ireland, ſeem to be deſcended, fee-
ing Suſana is reckon'd by the Spaniards themſelves a-
mong the Lucenſii, as likewiſe the Gangani of Ireland
from theſe Concani, For the Lucenſii and Concani a-
mong the Cantabr: were neighbours ; as the Lucens
and Gangani were in that coaſt of Ireland which lies
towards Spain. It any one ſtarts the queſtion, Who
theſe Scythians were that came into Spain? I can fay
nothing to it, unleſs you*ll allow them to have been
Germans. I wiſh the Scots themſelves would conſi-
der a little farther of it. That the Germans formerly .. LS
enter*d into Spain, not to urge Pliny who calls the ;, Sw
Oretani of Spain, Germans ; Seneca, who was himſelf
a Spaniard, will ſhew us. The Pyrenees (he ſays) did Der
not ſtop the paſſage of the Germans, the freakijlmeſ's of 827
humane nature drew it ſelf into theſe impaſſable and un-
known ways. And that the Germans were called Scy.
thians, may not only be pather'd from Ephorus and
Strabo, who call all thoſe nations towards the north
Seythians ; but alſo from Pliny, The name of fr
[0171S
— — ——
CC —
xVii Scots.
CXV1il
Scotch and Iriſh, are properly called.) Their Arms
are hooked Spears (which Gildas terms wncinata tela)
and hatchets to fling. They wore alſo ſtrait bodied coats
(as Porphyrio ſays) wi/ bout girdles, If this is not the In Honee:
. » » V . 4 '
very habie of the Iriſh-Scots, I appeal to their own þ;. A
makes ic probabie, that they took both their name
and original from the faid Germans.
If the Scots are not deſcended irom theſe ; I would
have them conſider, whether they are not the oft.
ſpring of thoſe Barbarians, who were driven out of
Gallecia in Spain by Conſtantine the Great ; accord.-
ing to King Alphonſus's Chronicle. For it is from
thoſe parts that they would have themſelves to have
been tranſplanted into Ireland.
what theſe Barbarians were, I do not doubt, but
they'll agree with me, that they were Germans ; For
in the reign of Gallen, Orolius lays that the remoter
Germgns poſſiſsd themſelves of Spain then waſted ,
and who could theſe remoter Germans be but the
Scythians 2 Bur that edition of Aurelirs Vicder, publiſh-
ed by Andreas Schorttus, calls thoſe Germans, Franks.
Yet ſeeing theſe Franks and the remoter Germans
{:iling out of Germany, were carried a long way by
{trels of weather into the ocean ; and,as Nazarius ſays
to Conſtantine, infeſted the Spanift coaſts all along
our ſeas ; who can ever believe that they left [reland
(a molt fruichul Iſland, and rarely well ſituated for
cruiting upon Spain) for the dry barren foil of Byſcay ?
Nay rather, as the Norwegians trom Scandia in the
time of Charlemain, and atterwards, often invaded
Ireland and got poſletlion there ; ſo we may ima-
gine, and that very probably, that formerly the
Franks did the fame, and that they were tranſported
from thence to Spain ; and being driven out there by
Conſtantine the Great, return'd toJreland.? Tis alfo like-
ly, that more of them afterwards went thither, as
well when the Vandals and the Goths made thoſe
tragical outrages in Spain, and the barbarians fell to
war among themſelves, and fo kill'd and plunder'd
one another ; as when the invaſion of the Saracens
gaul'd the Spaniards, and drove many of them into
Gallitia and Cantabria, But let others examine theſe
matters ; it may rapes me, that I was at leaſt wil.
ling to remove this clokd.
The next query I would offer to be conſider'd by
them, is, how it comes to pals that the Iriſh, who
are the Anceſtors of the Scots, and the Scots them-
ſelves, glory in the name Gael and Gaiorhel ; and in
their languages are called Gaictblac ; and why they
named that part of Britain where they firſt ſettled,
Argathel : From what original can they derive theſe
names 2? From the Gallzci in Spain, many of whom
doubclefs ſhifted into Ireland ; and whoſe firſt origi-
nal is to be fetch'd from the Galat: og, Gauls ? or
from the Goths, as ſome moderns are of opinion,
who would deeuce the word Gatiothel, (as Cathalont:
in Spain) trom the Goths ? Here they may ſeek
proots trom the reſemblance between the Gothick
language and the Iriſh ; which yet has no congruity
with any other language of Europe that I can find,
but only the Britiſh and the German. How true that
ot Huntington niay be The Scots came from Spain to
Ireland in the fourth age of the world ; a part of them
frill remaining (peaks the ſame language, and are called
judge. I] here take no notice of David Chambres, a
Scotchman, who has been informed by the Jeſuites,
lt they examine/
Navarr ; 1 fay how true this pallage is, let others |
judgments. I would alſo have them chink upon this
pailage of Giraldus Cambrentis in his firſt Book De
Inſtitutione Principts : When Maximus was tranſported
from Britain into Gaul (with the whole ſtrength of men,
arms and ammuniton, that the Iſland could raiſe) to poſſeſs
Lbimpel of the Empire,Gratian and Valentmian brethers and
partners in the Empire, ſhipped over the Gotbs (a nation
bardy and waliam, being at that time either their allies,
or ſubjet and obliged to them by ſome Imperial favours )
from the borders of Scythia, into the north parts of Bre-
tain, in order to anniy th:m, and make them call bck
the uſurper with their youth, But they being too {frong,
both by reafon of the natural wvalour of the G1ths, and
alſo becauſe they found the Iſland deſtitute of men and
{frength, poſſeſs themſelves of no ſmall territories in the
northern parts of the Iſland. But now, who theſe Goths
were, others muſt find out, unleſs they may be al-
lowed to be Scors 3 and perhaps they may have ſome
light into that ſearch from Procopius, where Belifſa-
rius anſwers the Goths, expoſtulating why they had
granted Sicily to the Romans, in theſe words
permit the Goths likewiſe to have Britam, which 3s much
more excellent than Sialy ;, being heretofore conquer'd by
ihe Romans, For 'tis reaſon that they who beſtow favours,
ſhould receive either equal thanks, or an equal return of
kindneſs. To this alſo may ſeem to be referr'd what
the Scots write of Ferguſizs the Scot's being a com-
going over to Scotland and Britain; and whatCambren.
/is (1 know not upon how good authority) relates of
the Gardel; or Scots, taking not only their name, bur
their original from the Vandals ; who (as P.Diaconws in-
forms us) were the ſame with the Goths, Nor is it to be
thought a diminution of the glory of the Scots, if they
own themſelves the progeny of the Goths, when the
moſt potent Kings of Spain value themſelves upon
that extraction ; and the greateſt of the Nobility a-
mong the Italians either derive their pedigree from
earneſt, that all the Nobility of Europe were derived
from Scandia and the Goths, However, all this is not
ſo weighty, as that I dare perſuade my lelt, that the
Scots are the real off ſpring of the Goths.
from the old Bricſh Inhabitants of Ireland, (for it is
certain that the Britiſh formerly inhabited Ireland,)
and whether they were called Scythe or Scorz, be-
cauſe they were like. the Scythians in manners; or be-
cauſe they were the real Scythians that came out
of Scandia or Scythia, (to whom the Galleci, Franks,
Or Germans driven out of Spain, and alſo the Goths
or Vandals, joined themſelves, when Spain was im-
broil'd with a bloody war) or elſe that medley of
people that flocked into Ireland, and thereupon got
that name among the nations thereabouts, The 1an-
| guage (ſays Giraldus) of the Iriſh x called Gaidelach, be-
ing as it were a compound of all other languages. And
We Lib. 2. de
panion of Alarick the Goth at the ſacking ot Rome; 1, 5.
what Ireniczs tells us of Genſricns King of the Vandals cap. 25.
the Goths, or at leaſt pretend to do it. And the rwinuw
Emperor Charles the fitth was wont to ſay in good £m
In ſhort, I would have the learned part of the pi,
Scotchmen conſider, whether they are not deſcended $4.
Florilegus, whenceſoever he takes it ; 7-2 Scots have Under the
their Original from the Pitts and Iriſh, as being made up year 77.
out of ſeveral nations. For that is called Scot which is ,_.
amaſſed together out of ſeveral things. "Thus the Al- ,,...
mans (according to Aſinius Quadratus) went by that Agwhias,
name, becauſe they aroſe from a medley ot ditterent * ''
men. Neither can it ſeem itrange to any one, that
fo many nations ſhould formerly crowd into Ireland,
ſceing that Iſland lies in the center berween Britain
and Spain, and fk advantageous for the French-
2 a;
tat the Scotch language 1s ſpoke in the Eaſt-Indies.
I am afraid the diſtance of that country might prompt
tne creduious man to take the liberty of telling a
lye, which he never made.
It arguments may be drawn from the habits ; we
ſha!l ſoon tind the ſame dreſs and apparel among the
H:ghicnder: of Scotland, that was formerly uſed by the
Gorths ; as appears by Sidonius, who in his deſcription
of a Get», has givea you the tair draught of a Scotch
H:igh,ander. The 7 ſtune (ſays be) with yellow ; they
the 2nd
& (ile
* have
IC Jae
| OO '
"4 pero,
At Ces Rata {
\! CN
;
Iv a1
(:, Pu 1
n47
(4. Lui
*; c. irc
I m1.
I'b. 5. C.
15,
Scots.
cd vears lait paſt,
$24 and that intieſe eig'ic Lund!
? 1 ! > WEL T7 TY;
flat rilc 4 w# =—__— SE
it is moſt certain from 1:iſtory. |
and the Ou/imzns from Cermany ; and that the Eng-
liſh. the Wah, and the Scots our of Britain, have
lanted ard ferried themicives there.
of whae 1 would defire to be confidered by the Scots
in this matrer. In the mean time ler them remember,
I have alfzrred nothing, but on'y hinted {ome things,
which may {rem pertinent to this enquiry. [t all this
ives no _ jivht into the original ol tte 5cors,
mui} app!y themfolves for it ciiewhere, tor | am Per-
tectly 1n the dark in this point ; and have followed
the truth, (wiiici: has i'nl tied from me} wich MUCN
labour to no purpoſe ; yer I hope noting 15 laid 1n
this ſearch that can reafonati'y d1:gutit any One.
Conceirnina the time when the name of Scots was
firtt b-oached in the world, there is fome diſpute ;
and upon this very point Humſrey Lhuid (the beſt of
Antiquatiz's by the beſt of Poets) 15 quarrelied
liy Buchanan ; tor £hvid having, laid that the name
Of Sciit was not to be found in Authors betore Con-
{amine the Great, Puchanan tiies upon him, catches
him fait, and with ewo. petty arguments thinks to
diſpatch him ; th2 one drawn trom the > 06 rs
and the othier from his own conjecture. ecauſc the
o'd Panegyrilt ſays, that Britain in Czfar's time was
intelted by the l:ith enemies 3 Fy conſequence (tor-
{ooth, |the Scors at that time were planted in Britain ;
whereas no one before ever {aid fo much, as that
thoſe Iriſh had then any feriement, much leſs that
they were Sets, The Panegyriit without queſtion,
atter the common way of writers, had his eye upon
is own times in it, and not upon thoſe of Czar.
As for the conjecture, it is not his own, but that of
the molt learned Foſeph Scaliger. For in his notes to
Propertius, while by the by he reſtores that verſe of
Seneca's to the true Reading,
Ille Britannos Urtira mots
Et cerulys Scuta Brigantes
CollaCathenis, TFuſſit, ©.
He puts it Scotobrigantes ; and forthwith cries out,
that the Scots are indebted to him for thediſcovery of
their original ; tor my part, I am ſorry I cannot fe-
cond this opinion, having ever honour'd him upon
many accounts, and much admir'd his iearning. For
this conjecture is not the product of Copies, but of
his own ingenuity and parts * ai.d the ſenſe will bear
either Reading, cru 5 [cuts Brigantes a5 all the Books
have it, or Carulers cute Brigantes, as the moſt learned
Hadr, Funizs reac's it. Yet Buchanan, (chuiing Ia-
ther to play cc tool with his own Wit and that of
another, chan to cloſe with the common and true
Reading) cries up this conjecture to the skies. PFiril
becauſe Authors do not inform us, that the Britains
painted their ihiec ds. Secondiy, that he faid vcoro.
Rrigantes, for diticrence fake, that he might di'tin
guith them from the Brigantes of Spain and Ireland
Laſtly, that in this verſe he might diſtinguiſh be-
rween the Britains and the Brigantes, as ditterent na-
tions. But it one may diſpute this point , what
thould hinder them from painting their ſhields, who
painted themſelves and their chariots ? To what end
thou!d he coin the new word Scoro-Brigantes tor di-
{tintion ſake 2 When he calls them >I—i, 2 and ſays
they were ſubdued by C/audizs, does not this ſuthci.
ently diſtinguith them from the other. Brigentes 2
That obſervation of the Britains and Brigantes, as
being different nations, does not look like a Poet,
who couid never be ignorant of the poetical way of
expreliing the whole by a part. Wherefore, ſeeing
theſe pleas will not carry it, 1 will reinforce Bucha-
nan with a ſaupp'y from Ege/ipps, who is commonly
thought very antient. Tor where he treats of the
Littora pontt,
Dare Romuless.
-. grearncls of the Romans, he ſays ; * Scot/and f which
owes nothing to other Coumreys, dreads them, and ſo does
Saxony, inacceſſible by reaſon of us bogs. But hold, this
argument will not come up to tae point; for he liv'd
tiace Conſtantine, as appears by his own Writings ;
10r does this make any more tor the Scots living in
Eritain, than that verſe of Sidontus, but now cited.
—— - — -—- -
——O— — —
This is the ſum
- — ———— -
the moſt famous and :
alter a nice enquiry out of 7/22: Bun Gor!
cerning the deſtruction cot Jeruſalem, that the $:
mn a Hebrew copy are expreily
Munſter in his latin trantiation tally pr
tor the Scors, Fur 1 have nut fuficiently aiuton?
in What age this 7: p.2in he
- ' A! . !
% g . 5 » 4 a i » % »
iz he has made men-
£
lived ſince Favirs To/cpbrer, bc
"ty da
Ai'T:098 IVCAL
,
| tion of che Franks.
they |
— —
O——— I — ——_
Yer it I may envage again!t fo many great men
in this controverſy : As tar 2s | have oble: ved, the
hrit mention of the Scorch nation we meet wuh ut
Authors, 15 in the reign of 4wrc/tzz, For Porphyry,
who then writ againit the Chriſtians, takes notice of
Fir * Fay $1C a}; . =
iICTOML Cw ildI 4 pv 4 \-t/ £5lS
* ' # — -
3JIULI3CE F971 FF iJ)C bands 0 1 V7 6. Bos
them in theſe words, as >.
Britain, a fruinfu! provi
:
5 mncyr
tze Scotch nations, nor any of thoſe bariaroizs nations all
© x - F (I...
Vi-/ces $14 ie Fido
round to' the wery Ocean, b:urd
phets,
of 4
Art which time ailo, or a liccle before, Anti-
quaries obſerve that the names of thoſe mighty na-
tions the Franks and Almans, were tirſt heard of in
the reign of Gallienus. "That of ſome Authors there
tore is not grounded upon lure authoricy ; that the
Name and Kingdom of the Scots flourith'd in Britain
many ages bctore the birth of C k.it, Rather rake
the time of it from Giraldus. W hen' Nellus 1he great
reigned m Irdund.. the ſex fe ns of Muredus Keg f Uiter
pojſeſs'd the north parts of Britain So from theſe a
nation Was propagued, and cal d by 4 peculiar NN
Seatland, which inhabits that corner ev to thi day,
But that this happen'd about the time when the Ro-
man Empire began to decay, is thus interr'd. In the
reign of Lagerizs, fon of this Ne!lus, in Ireland, Pa-
trick, the Iriſh Apoſtle, came thither ; it being then
much about the year 430 after Chriſt's nativicy. So
that this ſeems to have tallen about the time of Fns-
rius Auguſtus, For, whereas betore they lived after a
rambling manner, without any fixed abode, as Am-
minus ſays, and had long infeited Brirain and :be
marches thereof 3 then they ſeem to have fertied in
Britain.
return'd from Ireland, whither they kad withdrawn
themſelves, when they were routed by the Komans
das to be meant ot that time. Toe lr1ji1 rovpers return
bome, with deſign to come back again 1 /tiy, About
this time Reuda mention'd by Bede, is thought by
lome to have ſettled himſelf in this INand, upon a
winding ot the River Cluid northward, either by
/ignifies @ part ; and from this Reuda it is (as others
think) that we call them R:/h.»ks ?Tis thought
$00 : ous
allo that this Simon Brech (whom the Scors affirm to
have been the founder of their nation) tiouriſh'd in
theſe times. The true name of him was Sinbrech,
chat is to ſay, freckled Sin, as we read it in Fordon 3
perhaps the very ſame Brichzs, who about the age of
>. Patrick with Thuibaizns, Meaclrirs ard Anſpacns,
Scotchmen, inteſted Britain 3 as we find it in the life
ol S. Car.mtocrs,
Put ſince the Scots, who live in Britain, call the
inqury, whether this Albany may not have fome re-
mains of the o!d name 4/5i,z; or whether it may
not come from Aledo, whitenels, (tor that they call
Ban) fo that Ellnban may be as much in Scotch as «
white Iſland; or whether it miglhc not come out of
Ireland, which is cali?d by their Poets 3:ams, and fo
Allabany be as much cither as another 1c/and, or a ſe-
cond Ireland, For Hiltorians call Ireland coria Mzjor,
and the kingdom ot the >cors in britain Sceris Miner,
Moreover, ſeeing the Scots cail themle.ves in their
own languape 41vizz, (whence Blond::s
them Scot; AAlvienſes, or Alviner
vm) ler the Criticks coniider, whether that in >. le-
. SEEDS) v-> 2 r 10 be 3 ry . > » "ſp -
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, 60 . ; -
when he calts him, 1» inte D » /
has named #!*r
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Iriſh themſelves Allabany ;, it wi'l be no cilingenuous ;
gr +
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HAAS SN
wow Awas
zS
.. appears from Symmachus. Seven Scotch Dogs (fayshe)
-5. were {0 admired at Rome * the day before the Plays, that
. they (as Bede ſays) for the ſpace of one hundred and
- but how true I khow not. St. Jerom expresſly calls
" them a Britiſh People. Who tells us, that when he
— lf
Englith-Saxons.
CXX1l
teeth, for he's the © ff-/prins of toe Scotch nation bordering
uDon Britain: And he tays in another place, be was
CUSrgrown with Scotch browss. I do not remember
that ever | read of Alive Dogs ia any Author, but
that the £ Scorch Dogs were then famous at Rome, as
they rhbengbt them brought over 111 iron-cages.
Bur when the Sccrs * cameinto Britain to the Pits,
though they provoked the Britains with continual
skirmiſhes and ravages, yet the Scotch-ſtate came not
immediately to a tull growth, but continu'd a long
time in that corner where they firſt arriv'd: nor did
ewenty ſeven years, take the field againſt the petty
kings of Northumberland, till at one and the fame
time they had almoſt quite routed the Picts, and the
kingdom of Northumberland was utterly deſtroyed
by Civil wars, and che invaſions of the Danes. For
then all the north part of Britain fell under the name
of >cotland, together with that inner country on this
ſide the Cluid and Edinburgh Frith, For that this was
a part of the kingdom of Northumberland, and in
the poiletlion of the Saxons, is univerſally agreed up-
on. By which means it comes to pals, that all the
inhabitants of the Eaſt part of Scotland (called Low-
land.men, as living Low) are originally Saxons, and
ſpeak Engliſh. But that ſuch as live rowards the Weſt
(called H:gbland-men from their high ſituation) are re-
al Scots and ſpeak Iriſh, as we obferv'd before; being
mortal enemies tothoſe Lowlanders that ſpeak Engliſh.
That the Arracorti, a warlike nation, did infeſt
Britain along with the Scots, we have the authority
of Ammianus Marcellinus : and that theſe were a
part of the Scotch nation, 15 the opinion of H. Lhuid ;
was young, (probably in the Emperor Julian's time)
He {.9 in France the Attacotti a Britiſh People, feeding
upon man's fleſh; and when they found in the woods droves
of bogs, berds of beaſts or ſheep, that they ard to cut «ff
and [ok upon theſe as the richeſt deinties. For here we
are toread A'racorti upon the authority of Manuſcripts,
and not Scoti with Eraſmus, who at the ſame time
owns the place to be faulty. Though I muſt confeſs
in one Manuſcript it is Atrigetti, in another Catacutti,
and in athird Carriri, Burot the Scorsit cannot, as 'tis
commonly ,be underſtood;for Ferom: in that place fpeak-
ing of the Cuſtoms of ſeveral nations, begins the fen-
tence immediately following, thus : The Scorch nation
bas no wives peculiar to ſingle men, &c. And in ano-
ther place, where Ferom mentions the Artracorri, Era.
mus puts in the room of it 4zori. Theſe (as welearn
trom the Notitia) were Stipendiaries in the decline of
the Roman Empire. For they are reckon'd amongſt
the Palatine-Aids in Gaul, Artecotti juniores Gallicani,
and Atrecotti Honoriani Seniores; and in Italy, Atrecorr:
Honoriani quniores, By this addition of Honorioni,
they ſeem to have been fome of thoſe Barbariansthar
Honorws the Emperor receiv*d into league, andlilted
them in his army not without great damage to the
Empire.
Among the nations that made incurſions into Br#-
(one who has employ'd his time upon the beſt Stu-
dies, and to whom the Commonwealth of Learning
is extreamly indebted) upon reading theſe words in
that part of Gildas, where he treats of the Pics and
Scots, Thoſe former enemies, like ſo many * ravenuus
wolves, enrag'd with extremity of hunger and thirjt le..p-
ing over the Theep-folds, and the ſhepherd not appearirg ;
carried with the wings of oars, the arms of rowers, and
ſails drroen forward by the winds, break through, and
butcher all they come near. Here the good o:d man
remembred that he had read in Feſtus, how the Am.
brones pour'd into ltaly along with the Cimbrians; bur
then he had forgot that Ambro (as Ifidoreovbſerves) ſigni-
fies a Devourer, And neither Gildas nor Gerffrey of
Monmouth (who calls the Saxons Ambrones ) uſe the
word in any other ſenſe. Nor have l ever found in
any ancient Author that there were other Ambrone:
the burtocks of the berd/men, and the paps of the women,
_—
— —_— - _ ————
—_— <—_—
that invaded Britain.
« Of what great value the Bririſh Dogs were our Author has ſhown art large in Hamſhire.
$an, ſee Stillingflect's Orrg. Brit ann. p. 280.
h Ot the firſt coming ot the Scots into 2rt-
The ENGLISH-:SAXONS.
Hen the Roman Empire, under Va-
lentinian the younger, was decli-
ning ; and Britain both © robb'd of
her ableſt men by frequent levies,
and abandon'd by the Roman garilons, was not in a
condition to withſtand the incurſions of the Pics and
Scots : * Vortigern, (who either was conſtituted Ge-
- neral by tke Britains, or, as ſome think, uſurp'd that
tir'e) © in order to confirm his own government, and
to recover the ſinking ſtate, ſends for the Saxons out
of Germany to his relief. He was, (ſays Ninnius)
apprehenſrue of danger from the Pitts and Scots, © from
the R\man power, and from Aurelizs Ambriſias, The
Saxons immediately, under the command of Hengilt
and Horſfa, 4 arriv'd in Britain with their C:ules* ,
(for fo they call'd their flat-bottom'd boats or pin-
naces) and by their ſucceſs againſt the Scots and Picts
tes
in two ſeveral engagements, raisd their reputation
conſiderably. And becauſe the Britains did abfolute-
ly depend upon their conduct, they ſent for freſh ſup-
plies out of Germany, partly to man the frontier ga-
riſons,”/ and partly to divert the enemy upon the "4
Hengiſt, ſent for Ottha and Ebiſſa to come and aid him ;
and they with forty of their Ciules, [ailing round the Pitts
caſts, waſted the Orcades, and poſſeſs d themſelves of a
great many [lands and countries * beyond the Frith, even
« It was miſt of ail exhauſted by the proceedings of Maxim, who being ſet up Emperor by the ſou'diery in Britain, to ſecure himſelf againft
Gratian an+ Valentioian,carricd over the flower ot the Britains,and would ror let theta return home. See Ninnys cap. 23. Stillingd. Orig. Brit. p. 288.
6 Nor {+ much againſt the Scots and Pifs, as his own Subj ©ts. For tho' thoſe northern naciors did (no Coubt) very much terrifie him; yer he bad
moe reaſon to be j- alous of che Brirains chemſ-Ives, it waat Gildas tell us be true, thr in the contuton they weie letr in, they jet wp Kings and
quckly dethron'd them, advancing worſe to that dignity,
c This muſt be meant of the Roman party 1ctt in the ltland, who might be fup-
P»-'4 ro have a greater reſpett for Ambr-ſiur. For the Northern nations breaking in upon Rome ar that time, did ſo «fctua'ly divert that nation,
that no harm c: uld be fesr'd trom thoſe parts.
general name For their /bips.
Scipas,. And "tis a wur
minutives. Unleſs theſe Crules wire their pirati: g veſſels ; then we 1.c<d
ralent and glory of thar nation.
d See Biſh
p Uſher's Antiquirar. Bri-anr. p. 207, O's. _ :
For William of Malmesbury deſcribing tt-cir coming, {ays, they brought 3 C:ules, which the Saxon Annals exprets by
oo very commonty ma-'e uſe of in the naings of men, which generally confilted of ſomething ſublime, and never of az-
e | rather rhink it was 2
not wor der thi they got into their names, f1nce piracKs were rt e pee:liar
f This conttuct of Vortigern's in t:uſting rhe Saxons with the fromwier pgariſfors. is by ſome very mich 2p-
p'ov'd, an1by cthers 24 much condemn'd. Mr. Sommer in his Gavelkind, p. 40. calls ir che moft prudent courſe he could have took for th: ben; fib
*vd ſecurity of his [wbjefFs. But Biſhop Scillingflect (Orig, Britan. p. 31g.) proves ic to be the very worlt method he could have fixt upon.
waſt
mn.
Vincentius
in his Spe-
culum
read: it
Attrgoit;.
fo.thi-,
cus's Geo,
graphy
they Arc
read Cat ,
£1g 4Rct.
Aum-
tain, the Ambrones are reckon'd up by Fobn Caius, #9
* Ambre-
1.05 lupi.
coalt. Guortigern, (ſays Ninnius) art rhe inſtance of
* Tran
as far as the borders of the Pitts. At length, being mare Fre.
mightily ſatisfied with thelands, cuſtoms, and plenty
of Britain, and building upon the cowardrize of the
natives; under the pretence of ill pay and ſhort diet,
they enter into a league with the Picts, raiſe a moſt
bloody war againſt their Entertainers, the Britains, in
all parts put the poor frighted Inhabicantstothe ſword,
——
————
wg» es
- T0 FRG wry PP ve
Nl ed LK i Es. EE i ae, REELS
= vibe 7 WEI 4» Sas 6 r
CX xiii Engliſh-Saxons. C Xvi
walt their lands, raze their cities; and after many ;
turns and changes in their ſeveral battles with Avre-
__ Llius Ambroſius, (who had took upon him the govern-
_— ment, « in the adminiſtration whereof his parents had
us; by loſt their lives) and the * warlike Arthur: at length |
wt diſpoſe the Britains of the beſt part of the Iſland,
Aurelia- and their hereditary eſtates. At which time (in a
_ word) the miſerable natives ſuffer'd whatever a Con- |
queror may be imagin'd to inflict, or the conquer'd |
fear. For auxiliary troops flocking daily out of Ger- |
many, ſtill engag'd a freſh the harrafsd Britains : |
ſuch were the Saxons, the utes, (tor that 15 their |
over for more forces,and ſtriking up a peace with the Scots
and Pitts, make one body againſt the Brit ains, force them
out of the nation, and divide the country among their (2119
people, Thus much Witichindus.
The origine and etymologie of the Saxons, like as
of other nations, has been confounded with tabulous
conjectures, not only by Monks, who underſtood
nothing of Antiquity, but even by ſome modern men,
who pretend to an accuracy of judgment. One will
have them deriv'd from Sax9, fon of Negnon, and
brother of Vandalus; another from their fony temper ;
a third from the remains of the Macedanian army ;
right name, not /7tes,) and the Angles, They were | 2 fourth from certain knives 3 Which gave occaſion to
indeed diſtinguilh'd by theſe names, but promiſcu- | that rhime in Engelhutws,
ouſly call'd Angles and Saxons. But of each of them |
let us treat ſeverally and briefly, that, fo far as is pol: |
ſible, we may diſcover the originals of our own na-
tion, ;
Oily, I muſt beg leave firſt to infert what Witt
chindus, a Saxon born, and an ancient writer, has
leſt us concerning the coming over of the Saxons.
Britain, being 7 [ eſpaſian the E maperor reduc'd into the
form of a province, and flouriſning a long time under the
proteition of the Romans ; was at laſt invaded by the
neighbouring nations, as ſeeming to be «bandoned by the |
*Jathe -Þ man aids, For the Romans, after that * Martian the:
> Emperor was murder d by has wn ſoldiers, were heavily
nt's annoy d with foreign wars, and ſo were not able to furniſh
Peſſivly their allies with ads, as they bad formerly done. How-
Marita- ever, before tay quitted this nation, they built a large wall
nu. for it's difence, going along the borders from ſea to ſea,
where they imagin'd the enemy would make the moſt Vigo.
rous aſſ»ul!s, But after a ſift and lazie people were ;
to encounter 4a reſolute and well-diſciplin'd enemy, it 2WA5
found no hard matter to demoliſh that work, In the mean |
time, * the Saxons grew famous for their ſucceſs in arms,
and to them they diſpatch a humble embaſſy to deſire their
olſitance. The Embaſſadors being admitted to andience,
made their addreſſes as follows. Moſt noble Saxons,The
miſerable * Britains, ſhatter'd and quite worn out by the
frequent incur{tons of thy ir enemies, upon the news of your
many {irnal victories, have ſent us to you, humbly requeſt
ing that you would aſſijt them at this juncture. * A land
lovge end ſpacious, abernding with all manner of neceſſa-
ries, they give up entirely to your diſpoſal. Hitherto, we
have liv d happily under the government and protettion of
the Romans ; next to the Romans, we know none of grea-
ter walory than, your ſelves, and therefore in your courage
do mew ſeek refuge. Let but that courage and ihuſe arms
make us conouerors,and we refuſe no ſervice you ſhall pleaſe
to imipole, The Saxon Nobles return'd them this ſhort
an/wer. | (ſire your ſelves, the Saxons will be true
' friends to the Britains ; and as ſuch, fhall be always read)
both to rdieve their ne ceſſities, and to advance ther inte.
reſt. The Embaſſadors pleas'd with the anſwer, return
home, and comfort their countrymen with the welcome news.
Accordingly, the ſucceurs they had promis*d being diſpatch*d
for Britain, are receiv'd gratefully by their allies ; and in
a very little time clear the kingdom of invaders,and reſtore
the country to the Inbabitants. And indced, there was no
great difficulty in doing that, ſince the fame of the Saxon
courage had {0 far terriſy'd them, that their very preſence
was enough to drive them back, The people who infeſted
# pokes, the Britains, were the Scots and * Pitts ; and the Saxons
| Aſia ; * that they are fo called, as if one {
inthe mere ſupply d by the Britains with all neceſſaries to carry
on the war ogainſt them, Upon which, they ſtaid in the
country fer ſome time, and liv'd m very good friendſhip |
with the Britains; til} the Commanders ( obſerving that |
uippe brevis gladius apud illos Saxa wocatur,
Unde ſibi Saxo nomen traxiſſe putatur.
The Saxon people did, as moſt believe,
Their name from Saxa, a ſhort ſword, receive.
Crantz4us fetches them from the German Catti,and the
learned Capnio from the Phrygians. * Of theſe every
man is at liberty to take his choice; nor ſhall |
make it my buſineſs to confute ſuch fabulous opini-
ons. ” Only, I chink the conjecture of thoſe learn-
ed Germans, who imagine that the Saxons are de-
{cended from the Saci, the moſt powerful people of
fould lay :
Sacaſones, that is, the Sons of the Sace ;, and that our au
of Scythia or Sarmatia Afiatica, they pour®d by lit-
tle and little into Europe, along with the Geres, the
Swevi, and the Daci ; deferves credit the beſt of any
other. And indeed, the opinions of thoſe men, who
terch the Saxons out of Aſia, where mankind had irs
rife and growth, does not want ſome colour of rea.
ſon. For beſides that, Strabo affirms, that the Sac#
(as before the C:meri: had done) did invade remote
Countries, and called a part ot Armenia Sacacena,
after their own name ; Ptolemy likewiſe places the
Saſſones, Suevi, Maſſagetes, and Dabi, in that part
of Scythia : and Cifſner has obſerved, that thoſe nati-
ons, after _ came into Europe , retained the
lame vicinity they had formerly in Aſia.
Nor is it lefs probable that our Saxons came from
either the Sace or Saſſones of Aſia, than it is that the
Germans are deſcended from the Germani of Perlia,
mentioned by Herodotus ; which they almoſt poſi.
tively conclude from the athinity of thoſe Languages.
For that admirable Scholar, Joſeph Scaliger, has
told us, that Fader, muder, brader, tutchter, bad, and
ſuch like, are ſtill uſed in the Perſian Language, in
the ſame ſenſe as we ſay, father, mother, brother, daugh.
ter, bond, But when the Saxons firſt began to have
any name in the world, they lived in Cimbrica
Cherſoneſus ; which we now call Denmark ; where
they are placed by Ptolemy, who is the firſt that
makes any mention of them. And in that place of
Lucan,
Longiſque leves Axones in armis,
- Light Axons in long arms.
We are not to read Saxones (as ſome Copies have it)
but the truer reading is Axines. While they lived in
this Cimbrica Cherſone/us, in the time of Diocleſian,
they came along with their neighbours the Franks,
and mightily infeſted our coaſts ; fo that the Romans
appointed Caraufius to repell them. » Afterwards,
patling the river 46:5, part of them broke in by de.
grees upon the Suevian Territories (which at this
the land was large and fruitful, that the natives were no re 1s the Dukedom oft Saxony ) and part took poſ-
Way inclin?d IO WAY. and FT. that themſelves,and |
the greateſt part of the Saxons, had no fix*d home) ſend|
ſeſſion of Friſia and Batavia, which the Franks had
quitted. For the Franks, who had formerly inhabit-
——
£ Probab'y mnrde1'd by their own ſubjects; according to Gildas's charater of their behaviour at that time.
ot Arthur may be admi:red ; Sec S:illingti.et's Orig. Brian. p. 335. Uſher. Primord. p. 61, &c.
, How far the Britiſh Hiſtory
: The former experience Britain had bad
ot the Saxon cuurage, was futhcient to pomr out that nation beture any other, For even in the times of the Romans, they were not atraid to prey up-
on cur coatts; ar & ro that degree, as to oblige 'em to guard the coalts, with the Officer called Comes Littor is Saxmmict.
& Witichindus (cems
ro make *em wo laviſh in their promitcs. For it they had given up their lands and liberty in ſuch expreſs terms, what occafion had the Saxons ro
have recomie to the pretences ct #4 pay and ſhort &ter, ater they had rook up the reſ>;ution of making themſclves Maſters by tcrce of arms ?
! Archer opinion is, that they came trom Safſen, netives or inhabirants, which in the modern Saxon is Saten ; though the:e wants a rcal'n how
thac me w be peculiar eo them, when tie neighbours had an «qual ſhare to ir,
» Stillingflcer (Orig. Bitan. p. 30S.) rej:Cts this opinion ;
becavle tire can no probable acconnt be given, how the Sac# Icte their own country to people Saxonre, He icems mutt to tayour that of the Sachs
o» jhor: ſwords, as the Quirites had ther name trom «47715, 2 fort of ſpear ; and the Seyrkians, trom Seytten to ſhoot with a Bow. n See
Sceid, Pulyoid. p. 72,
« Wherher the carly piracics ot the Saxons upon tha» coaſt (mention'd by a great many Authors,) is to be {- interpreted
as it they then 4 weir between the E{b and the Rhine, oronly drew down thither to carry on their trade of robbing, whillt itill their habitation wa3
in the Crmbrict Chorjoneſe ; 18 2 queltion amongit the lezrned, Camden here, and Biſhop Scilling$cer (Orig. Britan. p. 309.) favour the former opt-
nivn, Bur Archbiſhop Uther (YVrunord, c. 12. p. 21 5. fol.) thinks they came down much later. ,
=
ed
!
Lohr *
wm us
hew £1
: Li
\W F
— +
Ty the
*r OF L
{,,. calied Dane-MmaTrc.
Engliſh-Saxons.
\
ed the inmwoſt of thoſe Fens in Friſeland (fome where-
of are now waſhed into that Sea, which at this day
we call the Zwider-ſce) and afterwards had poſleſled
themſclves: of Holland, being received into protection
by Conſtantius Chlorus, Conltantine the Great, and
his ſons, and ſent to cultivate the more defart parts
of Gaul : theſe (I ſay) either forcing a paſlage with
the ſword into' more plentiful countries, or elle, (as
Z.ofimus tells us) driven-outby the Saxons, left Hol-
land. From which time, all the inhabirants of that
Sea-coalt in Germany, who lived by piracy, have
20ne under the name of Saxons, as before they were
called Franks; Thoſe (1 mean) who lived in Futland,
Slefwicks *felſatia, Ditmarſe, the - 3s of Breme;
; be County of Olaenburg, Eaſt and Weſt Friſeland, and
Halland, For the Saxon nation {as 1s obſerved by Fabi-
us Quzſtor Ethelwerd, who was of the Royal hne
of the Saxons.) included all the Sea-ccaft, between the 11+
ver Rhine, and the city Donia, which now is commonly
This Author (not to conceal a
perſon, who has been fo ſerviceable co me) was firſt
diſcovered by the eminent Mr. Thomas Allen of Ox-
tord (a perſon of great learning.) and amongſt many
others, communicated to me.
From this coalt it was, that the Saxons, encqu-
raged by the many ſlaughters of the Romans, tre-
quently broke into the Roman provinces, and for 2
'0ng time annoy'd this Iſland, till at laft Heogiſt
Imtclf came. "That. this Hengiſt ſet fail for England |
our of Batavia or Holland, and [ afterwards] built
the Caſtle of Leyden, is confirmed not only by the
Annals of Holland, but alſo by the noble Famus Dou- |
/a, a man of admirable parts and learning, who of |
that Lurg or tower, Writes thus,
Onem circinato menium ut ambitu,
Sic arcuatis fornicibus nouvum
Put atur Hengiſtus Brit anno
CXXVI1
| — ——
what makes me more confident in.my aflertion, is
the authority of that ancient Author Erhelwerd, who
writes thus z O!d Anglia 'T ſunated between the Sa:cons
and Giots; the capital town whereef is called in Saxon
Sleſwick, but by the Danes Haithby. In the very fame.
place Ptolemy ſeems to.ſear the Saxons ; ſo that the
middle-age Poet is probably in the right.
-Saxcnia protulit Angles,
Hec patet in lingua, niveogue colore.
Their riſe to Saxony the Angles owe,
Their language, this, and native whiteneſs ſhow.
Part of theſe Angles marching into the inner quarters
of Germany, and mixing themſelves with the Longo-
bards.and Suevians, broke into Italy, and are gene-
rally ſuppoſed to have left behind them ſome relicks
of their name ; ſuch. are Engelbeim, the native coun-
try of; Charles the Great, Ingol/tad,, Engleburg, En-
glerute in Germany, and Amngleria in Italy. What
the'erymology of the'name is, I dare not poſitively
lay : however, I utterly reje& that Angulus, Son of
Humbius, and Queen 4ige/a, whom ſome lilly peo-
pie would have to be-the founders of our Nation.
Nor can I beticve that it had its name from Anpulas,
a corner (as it it were a corner of the world) which
is intimated in thoſe common verſes.
Qu—
Anglia terra ferax, & fertils angulus orb,
Inſula pradives que toto vix eget orbe.
With richeſt wares, that take their happy birth,
Or from the face, or bowels of the 114
Our fruitful cormer of the world is bleſt,
Not joyn'd, and ſcarce beholden to the reſt.
And as for Goropius's conjeQture, that the Ang
are derived from an angle, 1. e, a Fiſhing-rod, or Fiſh-
mg-book, becauſe (as he adds) they book alto them, and
are, as we commonly ſay, good anglers ; this does not
—
| deſerve ſo much to be credited, as laughed at. Bur
| whoever finds out the etymology of Engelbert, En-
| gelbard, and ſuch like German names, does in 2ll
Orbe redux poſuiſſe vidtor.
The mighty Heng:/t, if we credit fame,
tion you againſt aſlenting to the opinion of Fornan-
-.” conquered and over-run Europe ; ſince the moſt an-
I'a.
« And
On _—_ arches raisd this ſtately pile, |
O're Britiſh Seas when he in triumph came, |
And brought new Lawrels from the conquer'd Iſle,
The Futes, ſo calizd ( ? as many think) from the
Gutes, Getes, or Goths, (for a Manuſcript copy reads
Geatirn) did no doubt inhabit the upper part of Cim. from a Copy in the King's Library at Paris, by that p, 8c. .
brica Cuerſoneſus, which the Danes to this day call ſingular good man, and compleat Antiquary, Fran. Guth. Lis.
ciſcus Pithews, Bertliay Thu view Wvn gala mruayyu> +
Juitland, Lis poſhble they may have deſcended |
tiom the Guirti, whom Ptolemy places in Scandia, and
whoſe preſent feat is Gubland, But here I mult cau.
des, that this was the Country of thoſe Geths, who
cient, and beſt approved writers have told us, that
they lived beyond the Iſter, near the Euxine Sea,
and were formeriy called Getes,
in what place the Angles lived, 1s a thing debated,
and the opinions concerning it are ſeveral. Moſt
Authors place them in Weltphalia, where Engern
now ſtands, and where the Suevi-Angli, mentioned
by Tacitus and Ptolemy, had their abode. With
whom I agree, if they mean only of Tacitus's age ;
but I fancy they came down afterwards to the Sea- |
coaſts. Others feek for them in Pomerania, where
there is a very conliderable town called Angloen, But
ſeeing theſe reach into the more inland parts of Ger- |
many, at ſo great a diſtance from the ſea,
we mult |
ſeek out ſome other place where to ſeat our Angles ;
probability at the ſame time diſcover the original of
the Angls, That the Friſens came along with them
into Britain, ſeems pretty plain from Procopius. And
becauſe that book is not extant, it may not be amiſs
to give you the place entire, as I had it:tranſcribed
T mT Ty vor, [amnd's Te is euwnay ingow iphone, a} 0vopua
x4 724 Tis Whveo Tas, Ay mA, 2, Gel anovts, Te of viTe 6 -
yuguot BeiTlovis, Tooxumy oN 1 oy Yhvwy mruaySpunle gai-
y* TH $02, wSt aye my mos rams mINGs Sir weraricee
wor Euy yuvatki, on, muy tis gegy yes api of 4 au-
Ts WorCum bs ys Ts agtTiens Thy ipewo'Ticay bxtouy
tivals * am" dvTs Thy row aczamiapu pac, uo dut-
AH s mMG Genes! © pexy yer (amd; om aptofeis my
& mmdtioy Tas by bamie Iimmayiy is BiCdvmoy
SHAYs abdegs, tunis th Tay AY MAG? Ewikmiume Q1romut-
Or, ws x, 1 vas nds arcs davis agen. 1. C (1 my
rude tranſlation ;) The Jjland Britain x inhabited by
three moſs populous nations, each whererf* bas their ſeve-
ral Kings, - The names of the People are the ANGLES,
the FRISONES, and thoſe of the ſame name with the
Iſland, the BRITANS. As to the inhabitams, they ſeem
zo be ſo numerous, that every year they flock over in great
companies, with their wives and children, to the Franks,
who aſſign them that part of their Tſland which us leaſt cul.
tivated, Upon thu, they pretend a claim to the whole
and Pede has directed us to ſeek them berween the | [land of | Britain, | and ':z not long, ſince the Ring of
1. «. .Sax0ns and the Jutes. The Argles (lays he) came out
ef that country, which is called Angulus, and is ſaid
from that time to lye waſte, between the countreys of the
* Futes end Saxons. Put ſince berween Fuit/and and
tbe Franks, diſpatching ſome of hu own ſubjefts on an
embaſſie to Conſtantinople 19 Fuſtinian, ſent along with
them ſome of the Angles, out of pure oftentation, as if
the Iſland were under his dominions.
re Hilſotia (the ancient ſeat of the Saxons) there is a | Theſe are the ſeveral people of Germany, who Saxoxc,
& 0 {mail province in the Kingdom of Denmark and ſeated themſelves in Britain. That they were but _—_
:z4. under the City of Flemsberg, called at this day + 4»- , one nation, and called by one general name, . ſome- one nati-
>: gd, which Lindcbe: gius, in his Epiltles, terms 7.i:rle- | times Saxons, ſometimes Angles, or (to diſtinguiſh *-
Vin. England; I am pretty well aſſured that I have found | them from thoſe lett behind in Germany) 4ngle-
the ancient Seat of our Fore-farhers ; and that trom | Saxons ; is pretty plain from Gildas, Boniface, Bede,
1k. this very place the 4»g/e*came into our land. And | Paulxs Diaconw, and others. But in Latin they are
a'ct y RESPT > ©
1 7p
— — - - --— —
Þ Sc& Sir Henry Spelman's Gloſſary, under the tuls Gats:
NO - moſt
— —
CxxVii Englith-Saxons. _ CXXVii
—
moſt frequently termed Gens Anglorum (i.e. the na-| ſhort time, they became fo conſiderable, both for Viiare
tion of the Angles) and in their own Language, to; numbers, good cuſtoms, and large eſtates, that they on icky
the ſame ſenſe, Engia-Theod. | were in a moſt proſperous and powerful condition,
When the The 9 exact time when they were invited into | and their victory in a manner entire and abſolute.
Seen; no Britain by Vortigern, is a diſpute amongſt writers : | All the conquer'd, ferring aſide ſome few, who took
Biirain. but to wave the reſt, Bede and his followers do thus refuge in the uncultivated Weſtern parts, yielded
ſettle the Chronology of thoſe dark times. themſelves, and embraced their Laws, name, and
' In the 23d year of Theodoſius the Younger, and _ yr For beſides England, the Engliſh-Saxons
that of Chriſt 430, the Britains over-power'd by the potleſſed themſelves of the greateſt part of Scotland
Pits and Scots, deſire aid of «£riws, then in his (and the High-landers, who are the true Scots,
third Conſulſhip ; but without ſucceſs. call them Saſſons to this day :) where they nſe the
Under Valentinian the third, S. German came o- fame tongue with us, only varying a little in the Dia-
ver into Britain two ſeveral times, to oppoſe Pela- ; lect. And this language we and they have kept in
gianiſm ; and leading up the Britains, the Pidts, and a manner incorrupt, along with the kingdom, for
Saxons, by virtue of his intercetlion to God, gain'd 1150 years. By which it appears how trivial and
chem the victory. falſe that is (amongſt others of the ſame nature)
In the firſt year of Martian, and that of Chriſt which the Saxon-Prophets foretold, when they ſet G1.
449, the nation of the Engliſh Saxons came over into , ſail for this Iſland, Thar rhey ſhould ftay bere only 300
Bricaln | years, and that 150 of theſe ſhould be moſtly taken up in
- Bur fince 'tis evident from the Kalendar of the ſting the- country.
Conuls, that the third Conſulſhip of «Eris fell in' The ſubje& marter and place ſeem next to require
the xxxixth year of that Theodeſans, and of Chrilt 446, | that ſomerhing be added concerning the cuſtoms of
Baronius. and ſince it appears by the moſt authentick writers, | our Fore-fathers the Saxons; and therefore I ſhall
chatS. German dy'd in the year of Chriſt 435, there ſet down what I have obſerved upon that head.
is ſome ground to ſuſpe& that the numerals in Bede | The Saxons were in general a warlike nation ; Cuſtn
have bezn corrupted, and that the Saxons came o- | a»d (as Zolimus has told us) were looked wpon to be the work...
ver hither before the year of Chriſt 449. For other. | mo/# waliant of all the Germans, both for a greatneſs of the w
wiſe, how is it poſlible that S. German, who dyed ſcu!, frength of body, and a _ temper. Marcell. **
in 435, ſhould lead up the Britains againſt the Sax- nus obſerves, That rhe Romans dreaded them above all
ons, who { by that computation] were not then come | 9thers, becauſe their motions were always ſudden, And
over 2 Beſides, Ninnius affirms, that $. German re- Oroſius ſays, for their courage and attivity they were
turn'd out of Britain into his own country after the terrible, Saxony is a place macceſſivle by reaſon of the
death of Vortigern, who was the perſon that invited marſhes, and the frontiers of it are unpaſſable, But tho'
the Saxons into Britain : fo that their coming over , *2is may ſeem ro ſecure them in a great meaſure againſt
mult neceſlariiy be betore the year 435, ” the laſt of, 17v4ſims, and though the captive Saxons frequently made
S. German's like. Farther yet, the ſecond year after | ”p 4 part in the Roman triumphs ; yet are they accounted
Leo the Great was made Pope (which falls in with | © mot out ſort of men, excelling all others in piracies :
chac of Chriſt 443) Proſper Tiro, who lived at the | wherein they rely more upen their fly-boats than their own
ſame time, tells us, That Britain, after ſeveral engage- | courage, and make it their buſineſs, not ſo much to fight,
ments, was at laſt ſubdu'd to the Saxons. Which puts | 45 147. Thus far Egeſippus. Who is followed by Orir
ic beyond all diſpute, that they came over betore | Iſidorus ; The Saxons [lays he] ſituate upon the Sea. © ©
that year, I mean 449. Bur to remove all ſcruples | ſ»27e, and among fenns unpaſſable, are very ſtout and very
about that matter, let me add this one Chronological | a#t:ve, From whence they took their names, as being a
note, which is at the end ot ſome copies of Ninnius, | hardy reſolute fort of men, and in piracy outdoing af 0-
— *; m—_ ks
a» fo avs je "x ' CHAS Bp Oe _ p \9e —_—_ R "= on EE eg 4 4 . -
— * _ uy. 44 2-4. S - ao
G ” — = y—_ —— - CORE VE IISY _ 0 - a ——
Wo OR TUB Rr is ol 5 SHIT Dei IH OR EAR A Nr Ga a ET EPS AY © OS EUs Wt Yo Ys =
*, + I, ee of
and fatisties me beyond allche rett. tbers, They were eminent for tallnefs, ſymmetry
Real Fu- From the Conſulſinp of the 9wo Gemini, * Rufus and| of parts, and exatneſs of features, which gave Wir.
frees. Rubellires, to that of Stilico, 373 years. chinds the Monk occaſion to leave us this deſcripti-
| From Stilica to Valentinian, ſon of Placidie, and t0| on of them. The Franks were amazed to ſee men of
the reigy of Vortigern, 28 years. ſach vaſt bodies, and ſo preat ſouls, They wondered at
Frem the reign of Vortigern, to the difference between | their ſtrange babit and armour, at their bair dangling down
Gaitolinns and Ambroſits, are 12 years; which is Guo. | upon their ſhoulders, and above all at their courage and re-
loppum, i. ce, Cath loph. ſolution, Their cloaths were * cloſe-coats ; their Er Our, © ga
Vortigern reigned in Britain when Theodoſius and Va-| long ſpears : when they ſtood, they leaned upon little
lent inian were Conſul ; and in the fourth year of bus reign ſhields 5 and they wore & ſort of large knives banging be.
the Saxons came over, and were received by Vortigern, fore. But formerly they uſed to ſhave their heads to
when Felix and Taurus were Conſul. the very skin, except a little about the crown ; and
From the year that the Saxons came into Britain, and | wore a plate round their heads : as Sidonius Apolli-
® Other. were received by Vortigern 3 to * Decins Valerianms, are| naris plainly intimates in thoſe verſes,
iy Paul wb this cation;the Engliſh-Saxons muſt | i. $x99. crulam videmus
aw. hard <LI n ns _ Adſuetum ante ſalo ſolum timere,
have come into Britain in the iſt Row _ Theodoſius
the Younger, which is neareſt to '$ account of
it, that 1s, the year of Chriſt 428. for then Felix _—_ Ky es Poehmry any
and Taurus were Conſuls ; and other circumſtances, F: p H5ers gt", HOT + "Hg
boch of perſon and time, agree to it. [I think fir to as ag-ky1d nad. 4,
adverſe the reader of one thing more (not in the
mean time to ailume the character of a Critick) / that
i11 many copies of Gildas, from whence Bede took
that pailage about e£tiws, "tis read Agitio III. Conſul; :
inothers, the numerals are omitted, and *cis writ e/E-
vitw; and in one e/£quitiz Cos, But I could never
Cu (j 44s Verticis extimas per 0ras
Decreſcit caput, additurque wultus.
Here *rwas we ſaw the purple Saxon ſtand,
Us'd to rough ſeas, yet ſhaking on the land.
The frozen plate that on their crown they wear,
In one ow eurf drives up their buſhy hair :
[
The relt they keep cloſe ſhav'd; and thustheir face
?
Td lacks. Rui, any Confil of. that name, * uaieb Appears ſtill bigger, as their head grows lef.
we can imagine that he was ſome extraordinary] What their habirs were, may be learnt from Pau-
one. + lus Diaconus's obſervation upon the Longobards :
Well, what time ſoever they came over, *tis cer-| Their cloaths were looſe, and generally linnen, ſuch as the
cain they thow'd a wonderful courage, which was | Emgliſh-Saxons uſe ; the trimming, broad, made up of ſe
yet temper'd with grear prudence. For in a very | weral colours.
—
— __© om” 0
—
a See titis mateer ſtared ar large by Biſhop Ujh:y Antiquitat. B-irann. p. 217, &-. and Dr. Srillingfi-er, O.ig. Brican. p. 316. y Cot-
cerning the preciſe time « her S. German lived, Sex Stiilingf}. Orig. p. 208. j See Camden's Epilties, p. 7. | ft The learned Seidcn
Lms vt 0puiion, that this mus was ically co Conlul, but only & pe ſun of great nutc and authority at that time; tor (l:ys he) Iduſtres Sepius
Viros ind:z:tant hiſtoric: mtr: Corſales ; it. Oar Hiit»:1ans very otten call eminent men, Conſul, . Which cor jcouwue miyht hold, if the numerals
w:re out (as they arc indecd in fume Copics) bur it they are ſuppold, there's plainly go room tor it. Sce BEidhop >tilliingtlect's Origines Britane
ca, Pp. 309.
They
Engliſh-Saxons. . CXXX
They were admirably skill'd in marine affairs; and the private guards not watching narrowly enough the wicked
by ther conſtant rem is for ſo long, had inured | hands of that deſperate nation, tbe firſt day of the fword-
themſelves ſo to the ſea, thar (as the ſame author ob- | piay-ſhow diſcovered nine and twenty of them ſtrangled,
ſerves) they dreaded the land. They diſturbed the | w::bour @ batter. © :
ſca-coalts of Britain and France, even as far asSpain, | This Saxon nation was likewiſe ftrangely _—
to that degree, that "was found neceſlary to guard | tious, for which reaſon, whenever they had any
che ſhores of both kingdoms with officers and ſoul- | weighty matters under debate, beſides their fouth-
diers, againſt any attempts they might make upon | ſaying they were principally directed by the neighing
them. And thoſe for that realon were called f horſes,which they lookt upon as fore-boding. * And
the * Counts of the Saxon-ſhore, along Britain and France, | this may poſſibly be the reafon why the Dukes ot
cc. But for all that, by the hel s their nimble Fly- | Saxony bore in their Arms a horſe. But why our 4 Hſe
boats, they made a ſhift very trequently to prey upon | Hengiſt and Horſa were called fo from an horſe, (for i 5 =
our coaſts. To which allude thoſe verſes of Sidoni- | both theſe names in Saxon ſignifie an horſe) 15 a my- Saxons,
us Apollinaris ; ſtery to me; unle6 perhaps deſigned to portend
their warlike courage; according to that of Virgil,
XXIX
uin & Aremricus piratam Saxona tratt ns
* Sperabat, cui pelle [alum ſulcare Britannum Bello armantur equi, bella bac armenta minantur.
Ludzs, & aſſuto glaucum mare frmdere lembo, Horſes are arm'd for war, approaching war
Armecrica the Saxon pirats fear'd, Such beatts preſage. — —
"That on the Britiſh coaſts in ſhoals appear'd, : = |
And thro' the narrow ſea in boats of leather ſteer'd. as y Oy fm oe, bog A brews
: r
But in France, near little Britain, they got poſ: | flips: each of theſe they diſtinguiſhed by ſeveral theſe to
ſ:on of all that part about Baieux, and kept it too | Marks, and ſo caſt them promiſcuouſly upon a white 53" 4#x
for along time; as is evident from Gregorias Turonenſiz, | cloth. Next, if the conſultation was upon publick Tacirw to
xa/ who calls them Saxanes Baiocaſſini, as the vulgar term | affairs, the Prieſt; bur if upan private, the maſter of <>
*.. them Seſnes Beſſins. the family, after interceflions to the Gods, looking
With what barbarity they prey*d upon our coaſts, | up to heaven, took each of them up three ſeveral
. c. Sidonius himſelf will tell you. The meſſenger (fays he.) | times, and then gave an Interpretation according. to
at whom we diſcourſed pretty largely chout yeur offairs, «/- | the mark ſet upon them. To foreſee the events of
Agniin (ured us you bad lately charged the enemy at ſea, that yeu | wars, they uſed to take a Caprive of that nation they
OO were wholly taken up between rowing and fighting, and | had a delign upon, and oblige him to fight a duel
Dar dot that Jeu were upon the winding ſea-ceaſts, gruing chaſe to | with ſome one of their own COUntry : cach was to
;2are- the * fly-boats of the Saxons. And im theſe aſſure your ſelf fight with the arms of his country and by the ifſue
oY of as many head-pyrates as there are rowers: they are all | ot this, they concluded which fiderwould be conque-
at ihe ſame time both maſters and ſervants, all teach and | ror. The God they moſt worſhipped was Mercury, $-xon
learn in this their trade of robbing. So that a caution ro | whom they called Wooden; his ſacrifices were men, Gus.
have 4 / pecial care of your ſelf, 7s highly neceſſary at tha | and the day conſecrated to him, the- fourth of the
time, He's the worſt Enemy you can engage. He takes week, which we therefore at this day call Wedneſday 7, wetnef
you unawares, w gone m a moment, deſpiſes all oppoſition, The ſixth, they conſecrated ro Yerus, whom they <r-
and certainly worſt s you, if you are nor very well provided. called Frea, and Frico, from whence we call that Friday.
If he purſue, he undoubtedly catches you; if he flies, be al- | day Friday ; as Tueſday is derived from Twaiſco, Tay,
ways eſcapes, Shipwracks are ſo far from frighting him, | the founder of the German nation. _ had a
that they harden him. Theſe propee do not only underſtand all Goddeſs they called Eofer, to whom they ſacrificed
7be dangers of the {eas, ur are intimately acquammted in the month Apnl; upon which, {ays Bede, they Li, God-
with them, In a Tempeſt, if they are purſued, it gives called April Eoſfter-monath; and we at this day call =— —
them an opportunity of eſcaping ; if they are purſuing, it that ſeaſon the Fea#t of Eaſter *. The Angles (faith Time ct
ſecures them againſt being diſcovered at any corſiderable | Tacitus) as ao the other neighbouring nations, worſhip*d ——_
diſtance, They'l willingly venture their lives among waves | Herthus, 1. e. their mother earth ; *imagining that ſhe Herthus, x
and rocks, if there's any Low of ſurpriſing the enemy, - Al- | intereſted her ſelf in the affairs of men and nations, In <<.
ways before they diſanchor and ſet ſail homewards, their | our language, that word ſtill ſignifies earth, but not
cuſtom zs, to take every tenth Captive and put them to in the German ; for they uſe Arden to ſignifie earth. Earth:
death by equal and exquiſite tortures ; which 1 the more | The ſ£me Ethelwerd before mentioned has left us this
melanchcly, becauſe it proceeds from ſuperſtition: and after | account of their Superſtirions, as to what relates to
thoſe who are to dye, are got together, they pretend to tem | his own times. The Northern Infidels have been ſeduced
per the injuſtice of their death, by a ſeeming equity of | to ſuch a degree, that to this day the Danes, Normans,
Lots. and Suevians, worſhip Woodan as their Lord, Andin
Such are their vows, and with ſuch wittims do they | another place: The barbarous nations honcured Woodan
diſcharge them; thus being rather polluted with ſacrilege, | as a God; and thoſe Pagans offer' Sacrifice to him, to
than purified by ſacrifices, thoſe bloudy murderers look upon | make them vittorious and valiant,
it as a preatey piece of religion to rack a poor captive, But Adam Bremenſis gives a more full account of
than to let bim b ranſomd. To this purpoſe is that | thoſe matters, I» a Temple (call'd in their vulgar tongue
fragment of an ancient Hiſtory we find in Iſidore. | Ubſfola, the furniture whereof i all of geld ) rhe people
The Saxon nation relies more upon their fly-boats than their | worſhip the Statues of three Gods. Thor, the moſt power.
courage ; and are always provided rather torun than fight. | ful of them, has a room by himſelf in the middle ; on each
And that of Salvian, who lived in thoſe times, con- | /ide of him are Wodan and Fricco. The emblems of thers
cerning the barbarous nations. The Alani are immo- | are theſe; Thor they take to be the ruler of the air, and Thurlday,
deſt, but not treacherous; the Franks are treacherous, but | toſend, as he ſees comvenient, thunder and lightming, winds
very courteous; the Saxons are very cruel, but exceeding | and ſhowers, fair weather and fruit, Wodan, the ſecond,
chate, Of fo much conſtancie and refolution were | z more valiant ; "iis be that manages wars, and inſpires
they (if a man may fo call it,) that they would ra- | people with courage againſt their 7 ery Fricco, the
ther chuſe ro murther themſelves, and throw away | :bird, preſents men with peace and pleaſure; and hs ſtatue
their lives, than be expoſed to the contempt of others. | xx cut with a large * privy-member. They engrave ® Priags
50 that when Symmachus had provided a number of | Wodan armed, as Mars :s with us. "Thor ſeems ro be "gens.
them againſt the publick ſhows, that very day they | repreſented with the Scepter of Jupiter. But theſe errers
were to be brought into the Theatre, they ſtrangld | have at length given way to the 1uth of Chriſtianity.
themſelves, and io baulk'd the people of that picce | After they had-fix'd themſelves in Britain, they di- A Monar.
5,7. of diverſion, Of theſe, Symmachus himſelf writes | vided it into ſeven Kingdoms, and made of it a Hep. $ya
thus: The number of the Saxons lefſen'd by death , for pits
tarchy. But even in that, he who was moſt power. inthe 5ax,
A on tiep-
__—_ earchy,
—
» See more of rheke in Kent ; and Sir Henry Spelman's MS. Icent, in Bodley's Library. x Barkſhire, under the Title Vale of White-Horſe ;
anc m the Aaditions. 7 From the {ame original is Wadenſartc, Wodensburrew, &c. in Wiltſhire. z But rather, as 1 think, of the r1ſang
&f Cer'/t, which our Pregen:iigrs call Kait, as we ao yow that part whenge the Sun riſes. Hel. It had been wall it he had rold vs what Progemrins
theſe wee, that calikd rhe rihng of Chrit, Eff j tor wy part, 1 Kguw pens fuch. # Scc Sir Heary Spelman's Glutlary, under the title
Her us. :
LX pul,
Fra. Mig 3 Is gz ] * . Tu
_ — - -
" - ol” oo - -
- _ _ 9 —_—
- BD Gt BD er RS er A - 20 AT MA. ris 0 PR Se BEI 4 A 3 hoe eos
_ - _ CC SCIITET = -
L ——
CXXXi Engliſh-Saxons.
CXXx
L.2.6.5- ful, was (as Bede has obſerved ) ſtil'd King of rhe
Engliſh nation; fo that in the very Heptarchy, there
$96. ſeems always to have beth a ſort of Monarchy. Af-
terwards Auſtin, who is commonly called the Engliſh
Auſtin the Apoſtle, was diſparcht hither by Gregory the Great ;
Apſtic, and baniſhing thoſe monſters © heatheniſh profane-
'_nefs, did with wonderful ſucceſs plant Chriſt in their
hearts, and convert them to the Chriſtian Faith. How
Cor7*- it cameto paſs that Gregory ſhould have fo peculiar
fio + of the © £
E-zi/h A Concern for the Converſion of the Engliſh nation,
roCiuilti yo may learn from venerable Bede, vvho has left us
hs what himſelf had by tradition. The report goes, that
Lib.4. c.t. on a cartain day, when the merchants were newly come
aſhore, and great variety of wares Was ex ofed to ſale,
many Chapmen flockt together, and moe the reſt Gre-
gory himſelf. He took notice, amongſt |
ſome boys that were to be ſold: their odies were white,
their looks ſweet, and their hair lovely. After he had
wview'd them, he enquired ( as the ſtory goes ) from what
country or nation they came ? They told him from the {le
of Britain, the inhabitants whereof were all of that beauti-
fal complexion. Next, he acked them, whether the people
of that Iſland were Chriſtians, or were yet involved in the
errors of Paganiſm? The anſwer was, that they were
Pagans, At which, fetching a deep ſigh, Alas! ( ſays
he ) that the father of darkneſs ſhould be maſter of ſuch
bright faces, and that ſuch comely looks carry along
with them a mind woid of internal grace. Another que-
[tion he put to them, was about the name of that country.
They told him the people were called Angles. And ( ſays
he ) mit amiſs : for as they bave Anpelical looks, ſo it #
fir that ſnch ſhuuld be fellow-beirs with the Angels in bea-
ven, But what was the name of that peculiar province
from whence theſe were brought? *Twas anſwered, the
inhabitants of it were called eiri. es ( ſays be ) De-
iri, as much as de ira eruti, 1. &. delivered from wrath,
and invited to the mercy of Chri:t. What » the King's
name of that Province? They told him, Alle. 1nd al-
ludins to the name, *tis fitting ( ſays he) that Alleluia
ſhould be ſung in thoſe parts to the praiſe of God our Crea-
tor. Upon this, going to the Pope, ( for it bappen'd be-
fore he was made Poye himſelf ) he beg'd of bim to ſend
the Engliſh nation ſome miniſters of the Goſpel into Bri.
tain, by whoſe preaching they might be converted to Chriſt ,
adding, that himſelf was ready, by the aſſiſt ance of God, to
finiſh this great work, if is ſhould pleaſe bis Holineſs to
have i carryd on,
Concerning the ſame Converſion, Gregory the
Great writes thus: Behold how it has pierced into the
bearts of all nations! how the very bounds of Eaſt and
Teſt are joyned in one common Faith ! Ewen thg Britiſh
rongue, which uſed to mutter nothing but barbarity, has
a good while ſince begun to eccho forth the Hebrew Halle-
Iuas in devine Anthems. And in a Letter to Aultin
himſelf: 1/b9 can expreſs the | qa ſatufattion among all
faithful people, fince the Eng iſh nation ( by the operating
Grace of Almighty God, and the endeavours of you our
Brother ) has quitted thoſe black errors, and # enlightned
with the beams of our boly Faith; ſince with a mott piops
zeal they now tread under foot thoſe Idols, before which
they formerly kneeled with a blind ſort of veneration In
an antient Fragment of that age, we read thus: Upon
one ſingle Chriſtmas-day, ( to the eternal honour of the
Engliſh nation) Auſtin baptized above ten thouſand men,
beſides an infinite number of women and children, But
ray, how ſhould Prieſts, or any others in boly Orders, be
got to baptize ſuch a prodigious number 2 The Archbiſhop,
The river after he had conſecrated the river Swale, ordered by the
«wate, in Criers and jets 2 men, that they ſhculd with faith go in
Yorkſhire, two by two, and m the name of the boly Trinity baptize
this whole each other, This were they all regenerate, by as great a
matter of 92;4.:ce, as once the people of 1[rael paſſed over the druided
Archbith* Sea, and Fordan, when 'rwas turned back. For in the
of York, {;znze manner bere, ſo great a Variety, both of ſex and age,
"omg «paſſed ſuch a deep thanel, and yet ( which i almoſt in-
credible) not one received any harm. A ſtrange miracl:
this was : but what u yet a greater, the River Tires all
diſeaſes and infirmities. Whoever ſteps in faint and diſor-
dered, comes out ſound and whole. What a j oyful ſight was
this for Angels and men! So many thouſands of n Proſeljte
nati:n, commg out of the chanel of the ſame River, as if
i: bad been out of the womb of one Mother! One ſingle
poc! preparing ſo many inhabitants for the heavenly man.
other things, of '
| froms! Hereupon his Holineſs Pope Gregory (with all the
companies of the Saints above) broke forth into '75 3 and
could nt reſt till he had writ to Enlovins, the baly Patri..
arch of Alexandria, to joyn with him in thas bes tranſport,
oof ſo vaſt a number being baptized cn ene Chriftmas
a7.
No ſooner was the name of Chriſt preached in the r,
Engliſh nation, but with a moſt fervent zeal they tx
wn pres themſelves to ir, and laid out their ut-
molt endeavours to promote it, h diſchargin all
the duties of Chriſtian Piety, by re ifs Churches
and endowing them: ſo that no part of the Chriftian
world could thow either more or richer Monafteries.
Nay, even ſome Kings preferred a religious life be.
tore their very Crowns. So many holy men &id ic
produce, who for their firm profeſlion of the Chri.
[tian Religion, their reſolute perſeverance in it, and
their unfeigned piety, were Sainted ; that in this point
tis equal to any country in the whole Chriſtian
nem guF And re” prophane Porphyne ftiled Bri-
tain @ Province fruitful in tyrants, 1o England might
juſtly be called an 1and Faiful in Saints. 0
; ards, they begun to promore humane lear- 71. .
ning, and by the help of Winifrid, Willebrod, and is:
others, conveyed that and the Goſpel together into ***
| ON as a German Poet has told us in theſe
CI: |
Hee tamen Arttos laus oft aterna Britanus ,
Quod poſt Pannonics waſtatum incurſthas orbem,
Ila bonas artes, & Graie muneralingue,
Stellarumq; vias, & magni (ydera celi
Obſervans, iterum turbatss mtulit org.
Quin ſe relligiv, multum debere Britanms
Servata, © late circum diſper/a fatetar :
us nomen, Winfride, trum, quis munerg meſcic ?
e duce, Germans pietas ſe vera, fideſq,;
Inſmuans, cepit ritzs abolere prophancs,
Quid non Alcuino facunda Lutetia debes ?
Inſt aurare bonas 1b; qui faliciter artes,
COOOIOOY grone ſolas depellere cepu.
Quid ? tib rUnumgz Bedam, dot ifſumas olim
Tam arias uns bene qui cognoveras artes
Debemus, —
= jos 27 uv laſting fame be ſaid,
en barbarous troops the civil world o'refpr
And perſecuted Science into exile fled : g ca
'I was happy ſhe did all thoſe arts reſtore,
That Greece or Rome had boaſted of before :
Taught the rude world to climbthe untrod ſpheres,
And trace th'eternal courſes of the ſtars.
Nor Learning only, but Religion too,
Her riſe and growth to Britith foil doth owe.
'T'was thou, bleſt Winiired, whoſe vinue's light
From our dull climate chas'd the fogs of night :
Profaneſt rites thy pious charms obey'd, { fled.
And trembling ſuperſtition own'd thy power and
Nor ſmaller tokens of eſteem from France .
Alcuinus claims, who durit himſelf advance
Single againſt whole troops of ignorance.
"Twas he tranſported Bricain's richeſt ware,
Language and arts, and kindly taught them here.
With him his Maſter Bede ſhall ever live,
And all the learning he engrofs'd, ſurvive.
And Peter Ramus farther adds, that Britain was a1
ewice School-miſtris to France ; meaning, firlt by the w®
Druids, and then by Alcuinus, who was the main
inſtrument made uſe of by Charles the Great, to- ins
wards erefting an Univerſity at Paris.
And as they furniſh'd Germany with Learning and Tv
Religion, ſo alſo with military diſcipline. Nay, what ©;
is more, thoſe Saxons who live in the Dukedom of
Saxony are deſcended from them, if we may depend ©
upon Eginhardus's words. The Saxon nation ( as at
tiquities rell us ) leaving thoſe Angles which mbabit Bri«
tain, out of a defire, or rather neceſſity of ſertling in ſexe
new home, march*d over ſea, towards the Germ. Ceaſt s,
and came aſhore at a _w named Haduloha. Twas a-
bout that time, Theoderick King of the Franks made war
upon Hirminfrid, Duke of the Thuringi, ls (on in law,
and barbarouſly waſted their land with fire and ſword,
Afrer two ſet battles, the victory was j#ill depending,
though there had been conſiderable loſſes on both ſides, Upon
woich,
the OWN nation, publiſhed an Edict, wherein *rwas or-
$92 dered that the whole Heptarchy, which the Saxons
had polieſſed themſelves of, ſhould be called Engle- |
an.
TO —I——— ——
= "
The Names of the
Engliſh-Saxons. CXXXIV
which, Theoderick diſappointed of his bopes of Conqueſt,
lent Ambaſſadors to the Saxons, Their Duke at that time
was one Hadugato ; 49, as ſoon as be heard their buſt,
nes, and their propoſals of Ui Uing together in caſe of vitto-
ry, marched with an Army to their aſſiſtance. By the
help of theſe, ( who fought u out ſtoutly, like men that
diſpuce for Liberty and Property ) he conquer'd the enemy,
{poiid the mbabitants, put moſt of them to the ſword, and
according to promiſe etl ed the land to the Auxiliartes.
They di vided it by lot ; and becauſe the war had reduced
zbem to [0 {mall a number that they could not people the
ahele, part of it, eſpecially all that which lies Fatward,
they let out ro the Boors 3 each of which, according to his
quantity, was 10 pay a certain Rent, The reſt they culti.
vated themſelves. On the South ſide of them lived the
Franks, end a party of the Thuringi, who had not been
engaged in the late war; from whom they were droided
by the river Unſtrote. On the North ſide, the Normans,
@ moſt reſclute nation : on the Eaſt, the Obotriti; and on
the Weſt, the Friſians. Agamſt theſe they were always
mainiaming their ground, ether by ITUCes, OY continual
skirmiſhes, But now let us return to our Engliſh
<4x0Ns.
The Saxons for a long time lived under their Hep-
tarchy in a flouriſhing condition; till at laſt, all the
other Kingdoms, ſhatter*d with civil wars, were ſub-
ducd to that of the Weſt-Saxons. For Egbert, King
of the Weſt-Saxons, after he had conquered four of
chele Kingdoms, and had a fair proſpect of the other
ewo ; to unite them in name, as he had already done
in government, and to keep up the memory of his
lond, i. &. the land of the Angles. From hence came
the Latin Anglia, taking thar name from the Angles,
who of the three nations [that came over } were
moſt numerous and moſt valiant. The Kingdoms of
Northumberland and Mercia, two of the largeſt,
with chat of the Eaſt-Angles, were theirs ; whereas
the mr had no more than Kent, and the Iſle of
IWight ; andthe Saxons, Eaſt, Weſt, and South-Saxo-
ny ; very narrow bounds, if compared with thoſe
large territories of the Angles. Fromtheſe, now time
out of mind, they have been calPd by one general
name, Angles, and in their own language, Englatheod, Theed, i.e.
fAnglczune, Englcywne, Engliſcmon; tho? at thefame time * ==
every particular Kingdom had a diftint name of its
own. And this, as it is evident from other Writers,
ſo eſpecially from Bede, who entitles his hiſtory, 7he
Hiſtory of the Engliſh nation, So even in the Heptar-
chie, the Kings that were more powerful than the
reſt, were ſtiled 1he Kings of the Engliſh nation. Then
it was that the name of Britain fell into diſuſe in this
Iſland; and was only to be found in Books, being ne-
ver heard in common talk. So that Boniface, Biſhop
of Mentz, an Engliſh-man born, terms our nation #21. a
Tranſmarine Saxony. But King FEadred, as appears 7";
from ſome Charters, about the year 948. ſtiPd himſelf” © *
King of Great Britam; and Eadgar, about 970. uſed
the title of Monarch of all Albion.
When *twas called England, then were the Angles
in the height of their glory 3 and as ſuch ( according
to the common revolution of things ) were ready for
a fall. For the Danes, after they had preyed upon
our coaſts for many years together, began at laſt to
make miſerable hayock of the Nation it ſelf.
The Names of the
ENGLISH
Had deſign'd here to infert a Catalogue of the
order and fucceflion of the Saxon Kings as
well in the Heptarchy as Monarchy ; but be.
cauſe this may not be a proper place for 'em,
and *tis poſlible a heap of bare names may hardly be
ſo acceptable ; perhaps I ſhall oblige the reader.more
by drawing up a ſhort ſcheme of the obſervations I
have made (eſpecially out of Alfrick the Gramma-
' rian) concerning the force, original, and ſignifica-
tion of the names themſelves. Not that I pretend to
explain every name, for that would be too much la-
bour ; beſides, that ſuch barbarous names, wherein
'7;e there is a great emphaſis, a conciſe brevity, and
-*% ſomething of ambiguity, are very hardly tranſlated
|
Eal.
F7'4
, *, 2»
into another language But becauſe moſt of them
are compounds, the ſimples whereof are very few ;
I ſhall explain the latter, that fo the ſignification of
the former (which always implied ſomething of good
luck) may be the more eaſily diſcovered ; and to
ſhew that the 3p2v]ns nominum (the derivation of names )
mentioned by Plato, is to be found in all nations.
AL. EAL. and AL. in com d names (as I14y in
the Greek compounds) ſignihes a# or altogerber. So
eAflwin, is a complete conqueror : Albert, all illuſtri-
ous : Aldred, altogether reverend : Alfred, altogether
peaceful. To theſe, Pammachias, Pancratins, Pam-
philius, &c. do in ſome meaſure anſwer.
ALE. (which according to various dialects, is pro-
nounced wlf, wolph, bulph, hilp, belfe, and at this day
belpe) implies aſſiſtance. So e/E]fwin, 1s victorious aid :
/fweld an auxiliary governour : «£!fgifa, a Lender
ot affiſtance. With which, Beetius, Symmachas, Epi-
curxas, &c, bear ſome analogy.
OO — ——
ARD. ſignifies natural diſpoſition. As Godard, is a 4r@
divine temper : Reinard, a fincere temper : Giffard,
a bountiful and liberal diſpoſition : Bernard, a filial
affection.
ATHEL. Adel. and «/£tbel. is Noble. Soe/E1helred, Athel.nd
is noble for counſel : eErbelard, a noble genius : e£-
thelbert, eminently noble ; «/£thelward, a noble Pro-
teCtor. ;
BERT, is the ſame with our bright ;, inthe latin Ber.
iluſtrs and clarus. So Echbert, eternally famous or
bright: Sigbert, famous conqueror : And ſhe that
was tern'd by the Germans Bertha, was by the
Greeks calld Eudoxia, as is obſerv*d by Luitprandus.
Of the ſame fort were theſe, Phadrws, Epiphanize,
Photins, Lampridius, Fulgentins, IWuſt rims.
BALD. as we learn from Jornandes, was us'd by Bc.
the northern nations to ſignifie the ſame as the latin |
audax, bold; and is ſtill in uſe. So Baldwin (and by
inverſion Winbald) is bold conqueror : Erhelbald, no-
bly bold : Eadbald, oy 3x bold. Which have the
ſame import as Thraſeas,Thraſymachus,Thraſybulus,8C. *
KEN, and Km, denote kinsfolk. So Kinulph, is Ken and
help to kindred : Kinebelm, a proteor of his kin. **
dred : Kinburg, the defence of her kindred : Kinric,
powerful in kindred. |
CUTH. ſignifies knowledge, or 5kill. So Cuthwin, cut,
is a knowing conqueror : Cuthred, a knowing coun-
ſellor : Cuthbert, famous for kill. Much of the ſame
nature are Sophocles, Sophianus, 8C.
EAD in the compounds, and Eadig, in the ſimple £44.
names, denotes happineſs, or bleſſedneſs * . Thus Ead-
ward is a happy preſerver : Eadulph, happy afliſtance :
Eadgar, happy power : Eadwin, happy conqueror.
a Hlcie we may t-ke in the te: mi-ation barb in the names of Cuthburk, Cwenburs ; borh which come from the Saxon burh fignifyi
caſt(e, &c. and from that a defence or protetion ; io Cammburk is a woman ready to aflitt; Cutbburh, eminent for alliſtance, And
Ccopy.f, &c. which comes trom the od Saxon CeoZ, a (hip ; trom whence Malmcsbury teils us 'the Saxoas landed in 3 Crules,
2 fowey,
Ceol, in
6 It may likewiſe
* Eerived fromthe Saxon earth, lignitying ca/ie, grucle, 9:14, Ad and Ex are of the fame original.
Which
p 4
_
TXXXV
— — ——
ſenſe with wold, i. e. a governor or chief officer ; but
in ſome other places for love, as Holdlic, lovely.
HELM, denotes defence ; as Eadbelm, happy de-
fence : Sighelm, victorious defence : Berthe/m, emi-
nent defence : like Amyntar, and Beetius in the
Greck.
HARE, and Here, as they are differently pro-
nounc'd, ſignifie both an army and a lord. So Ha-
rold, is a General of an army : Hareman, a chiet man
in the army : Herebert, Lamous in the army : Herwwm,
a victorious army. Which arc much like Stratocles,
Polemarchus, Heg:ſiſtratus, &c.
H1-and
Here.
Hd,
or Lady. So Hildeþert, is a noble Lord : Mabrild,
an Heroick Lady: and in the fame ſente is #/iga
I:27 8. F
tound.
HILD. in AXitrick's Grammar is interpreted a Lerd, |
CXXX)
|
af
a
P
the inſtruments in law.
BO — —_a—
Saxon Coms.
iy Mr. Walker.
5 oe ne Wo: "of
H E Saxons and Franks bordered upon One ano-
ther in their ancient ſeats between the Eibe and
the Rhine, and changed their countreys much about
Lev. LEOD. ſignifies / the people. Thus Leodgar, is one
of great intereſt with the people.
LEOF. denotes love. So Lefwin, is a winner of
love : Ledfſtar, the beſt belov'd. Like theſc, -gape-
tus, Eraſmus, Eraſtus, Philo, Amandus.
Lf.
Mund.
the C.me time ; a little before the year of Chriſt 450,
| For a King of the Franks dying, left two ſons ( who
| contended for the Kingdom) the elder (whoſe name
| we know not) took part with Attila, and brought an
| army to him, as the younger did to Aetius : This
MUND. is peace ; from whence our Lawyers call , ſeems, by good authors, to have been Merovess, &
a breach of the peace, Mundbrech, So Eadmund, 15 | very valiant Prince, and great friend to the Romans.
happy peace : eAthelmund, noble peace : e#Imund,| To him, after that great battle, Aetius gave part of
all peace : Equivalent to which, are Irereus, Heſy-| of Gallia, then very much depopulated by choſe de-
chius, Pacatus, Sedatus, Tranquiilus, &C. "
R ad. yed.
ro1.
red, a noble counſellor : Rodbert, eminent for counlcl.
Eubulus, and Thraſybulus, have almoſt the ſame l1enlc.
RIC. denotes a powerful, wealthy, or valiant man ;
as Fortunatus in thoſe verſes ſeems to hint.
Hilperice potens, fi merpres barbarus adſit
Adiutor fortis hoc quoque nomen habet.
Hilp'ric Barbarians a ſtout helper term.
ſtructive wars ; which he going to poftefs, rook with
RAD. red. and rod. differing only in diale, ſignifie | him the whole remainder of his nation ; into whofe
counſel ; as Conrad, powerful or skilful in couniel. ethel- | countrey the Saxons ſucceeded. But a few years
| after, a conſiderable part of them alſo relinquiſhed it,
accepting that invitation into Britain. Both nations
{eem to have ſpoken the ſame language, retained the
ſame cuſtogas, and to have imitated one another, as
in meny. other things, ſo in their coins ; both as to
figure, weight, and manner of ſtamping. On the
| one ſide placing the King's face (and ſomerimes his
So Alifric, is altogether ſtrong : erhelric, noble, | name only,) on the other the name of che Mint-
ſtrong, or powerful. To the ſame purpoſe, are ?«- | maiter, and fometimes of the governor of
tycrates, Crato, Plutarchus, Opimms.
SIG. they us'd for victory 3 as Sigebert, famous for
victory : Sigward, victorious preſerver : $Sigard, con-
quering temper. And almoſt in thefame ſens, are Ni- '
cocles, Nicomachus, Nicander, Vitor, Vittorinus, Vincen-
Tas, &C.
- STAN. amongſt our forefathers was the termina-
tion ' of the ſuperlative degree. So Arbel/tan, molt
noble : Ber/tan, the beſt : Leofffan, the deareſt :
ſtan, the wiſcſt : Dunſtan, the higheſt. «
WI. holy. Thus Iimund, holy peace : Wibert,
eminent for ſanCtity : Alwi, altogether holy. Like
to Which is Hierocles, Hieronymus, Heoſius, &Cc.
WILLI. and /:l;, among the Engliſh-Saxons (as
Bill; at this day among the Germans) ſignified ſeve-
ral things. So Willielmus, is the defender of many :
Wildred, worthy of reſpe& from many : Wilfred
peace to many. Which are anſwer'd in ſenſe and
fignification by Polymachas, Policrates, Polyphilus, &C, !
WOLD. and #214. with them ſignified a ruler,or go-
vernor, From whence Bertwold, 1s a famous gover
nor ; e£th.Ilwold, a noble governor : Herwald, and
by inverſion Waldber, a General of an army.
Bur here let us ſtop, ſince others as well as my ſelf,
will think I have ſaid too much upon a trifling ſubject.
Thename Jr may perhaps be more conſiderable (fuppoling
Britain
renew'd.
4
the place
| where coined. So that there 1s little or no erudition
to be gained by them : (tbough their predeceflors,the
Britajns, were careful after their embracing Chriftia-
nity, to expreſs ſome of its cuſtoms and ceremonies )
But in this they differed, that the Franks uſed more
' Yariety, and frequent changes, both of allay, weighr,
and value in' their coins ; and their Princes made
more uſe of their ſeignewrage, or ſovereign pawer
of coining, to the no ſmall diſadvantage and trouhle
of their ſubjects ; inſomuch that they petition'd King
Charles VII, to quit this his prerogative ; and they
would conſent, that he ſhould impoſe upon them
railles (taxes) and aides. 'To which the King con-
ſented ; reſerving to himfelf only ſuch a proportion
of the ſcigneurage, as might pay the. Officers of the
mint, 27 the charges of fabrication. Whereas this
Nation hath very leldom practifed it either then or
ſince. And though the French writers very much
applaud us for it; yet the reaſon may be, thar
we have not ſuch great occaſions and neceflicics
ro force us to it. "Therefore neither have we ſuch
variety of laws, records, or regulations of moneys as
in France are in the Court 'des monnoies, eftabliſhed for
thoſe orderings and. pleas concerning their money.
And I conceive the reaſon to be, becauſe very much
more money was requiſite to be coined in that rich and
|
— —
c Ferth and ferth arc g commmon termination, and come from the Saxon fyrth, an army.
e Heard, whether mirial (as in Heardbearbr,) or final (as in Cynehra-d) hgnifies a guard 01 heeper, in Saxon.
£ {he hinal ſyllabes mer, mer (in Elmer, AEh.imer, &c.) arc derived trom the Saxon mer, famous,
Saxon gar, a weapon, d rt, &c.
7 Rath:r a nation, countrey, or people.
noted, great. From whence we curnmonly \:y at this doy, he's 4 mere fool, i. &, a noted fol,
2 Saxon word iignitying az cage, or jbarpu/. So Chaucer : He firikerh kim upon 145 [peres ode.
s See Dr. Hickes's Saxon- Grammar, Cap. 4. dc Aaj-divis. k Weara (both initia
the Saxon weardan, to ward, keep, &c. Aiſo w-4 (4 rermina-10n of the names «t men) 114nifh.s wa”.
the Saxon Wigs, i. e. heros, ſexwntdens, as a ci ractcr wore agretable ro Noblenn, N
hnal {yllables in the r.a nes of men) may cither denotc a maſculnc temper,
! Wine, win (both inirial
general love he has among the people, trom wine, i. &. dear, beloved, &c.
n_— —_ — I
d Gar in Edgar, Ethelgar, is derived from the
b Ord an initial (in Orabelms, Ordbrybt, &c.) it 2
O- alſo in I{lind:th thgnifits a [prey or dart.
an1 ftinil in the names of mn) irap'ies warchfulneſ; or care ; from
Unicfs one {h uld choole rather to ferch it from
xt 4/,þ- (2n initial) hgnifies in Saxon ffrong, m1rzble, lufty.
trom Wn, in Saxon war, firmmgth, &c. or the
ſpatious
—
- CCC CC—_—
_———
_
Y | ubula . #.
_— —— —— 199-24 EE. 20
OSes, ey AWC, bn WE es NE os. aetmard "AE RAT
05 As
—— DOS Ae —— $649 +", HU cre:
XXX
Il.
Nt.
vi Jaxon
Cons.
CXXXVuIl
———— — —
CC CO
ſpatious dominion, exceedingly alſo, becauſe of =>
ination, frequented by merchants ; than in this ſmall
corner : as, I think, appears from this, that all our
meney is readily fabricated in one place, whereas 1n
France more than 29 are hardly ſufficient. And
though in the Saxon times the like licence was grant-
ed to ſeveral cities and large towns z yet it ſeems, by
what remains of them we find, that no great quan-
ticy was here coined; nor can 1 imagine whence
they ſhould obtain any greatquantity of bullion. _
Though there be not much erudition in theſe coins
(as indeed neither was there in the times of the later
Emperors of Rome, who after Aurelian, did more
regard the profit of the money, than the honour of
their ations) yet ſomething now and then occurs.
But I think there is no man who would not be glad
to ſee the countenances and other relicts of their
victorious Anceſtors. For notwithſtanding what
ſome have written, it ſeems very difficult to ſhew ſuch
a ſucceſſion ot worthy Princes in any nation, as were
choſe of the Saxons ; eſpecially the progeny and ſuc-
ccilors of Cerdic in the Welt. For, even when Pa-
gans, they were very active, valiant, warlike, and
governed their people in great juſtice and peace-
ableneſs. Amongſt fo many of them *cis wondertul
to ſee bow few were ſlothful or vicious.
Concerning their coins in general, it is obſervable,
that we have much fewer of braſs than either gold
or ſilver; moſt of them alſo are ſmall (pennies)
equal to about 3 of our pence. They are alfo thin
to hinder falſifying. The Kings, even when the
Kingdom was reduced to one Monarchy, had fe.
vera] minting-houſes. Divers Biſhops alfo, and ſome
Noblemen, had privileges to coin. King Zthelftan
had at London 8 ; at Wincheſter 6 ; at Lews, Haſtings,
Iimpton, Werebam, in each two ; at Chicheſter one ;;
at Rocheſter 3, (the King two, the Biſhop one) ;
at Canterbury 7, (the King 4, the Archbiſhop 2, the
Abbot one ) &c, The reverſe upon their coins was
commonly quarterly divided : for at firſt they made
no other money, and when they wouid have a halt-
penny or tarthing, they broke them into two os four
parts; and thele are called broken money to this day,
Hoveden faith, that Henry I. was the firſt that coined
half-pence and farthings. __ ante ſua tempora, cum
obolum rvel quadrantem wellent, denarium in binas vel
quatuor partes diruperunt. Harding allo laith, that
Edward IV. was the firſt, who coined greets or great
pennies ; which I think is falſe, for hos peices were
ſtamp'd in Edward the Third's time. The Danes
alſo, whilſt they governed here, uſed the Saxon-like
penny ; though they reckoned by Ores (oras), but
having never ſeen any of them, I conceive it was not
the name of any coin, but uſed only in accounting,
as with us, a mark, a noble, Kc.
Ingulfus oblerves, that the Saxon alphabet was
changed by King Alfred, who being very learned
and curious, introduc'd the French manner of writ-
ing. Their former hand ſeems to have borrowed
much from the Runic, as you may ſee in the Table
added to the laſt plate of the Roman Coins That
which he introduced was according to the beſt Ro.
man at that time uſed, though he took it from the
French. For, by thoſe characters we can make good
jadgment of the writings of thoſe times, and the an-
tiguity of the Manuſcri Their # ( the form
whereof may be ſeen in the Saxon Alphabet) was pe-
culiar tothem : it ſeems to have been in pronunciation
the ſame with the / confonant; which ſeems anciently
notto have partaked of the B. For that found the Em-
peror Claudius invented the Digamma e/folicum; but
aſter his death, ic was diſuſed. Yir the Saxons pro-
nounced were ; vallam, wall ,, vidua, widwe a widow,
and the like. The Grecks expreſſed YVeſpaſianas Oveo m-
nxvis: drG@- the Latins called vimum, the Saxons wine.
More may be obſerved concerning their alphabet,
which perhaps may be conſidered in another place.
= ——
The firſt and ſecond are of the ſame Cuthred King
of Kent, (there ſeem very few coins of theſe Princes
extant). There were alſo two of the fame name
Coenuult King of Mercia made King inſtead of Ead-
bertus Pren. He reigned, though obſcurely, as be-
ing ſet up by an enemy, $ years, and died Ano
oF.
The third is of Ple
and all his ſaints (faich Chr.Sax. )to be Archbiſhop of
Canterbury: He was a perſon of excellent worth
for learning, prudence, and devotion ; at firſt an
Hermit living near Cheſter, whence he was brought
by King Altred, both to inſtru him when young,
and adviſe him when he came to his Kingdom; by
whom alſo he was thus advanced. He was in great
veneration in the whole Church, as appears by the
Archbiſhop of Rhemes letters: he deceaſed anno
923.
The fourth, Ceolneth conſecrated Archbiſhop, Sept.
1. 839, and ammo 831 received the Pallium, he diced
$72. He was commonly called, The goed Biſhop.
Kent, and one of Northumberland. Which of theſe
coined this money is uncertain. His name (as too
many of thoſe of our ancient Kings) is diverſly
written, as Edbert, Eadbert, &c, The Reverſe (a
Dragon) it yet it be a Dragon (v. Tab. 1. Se. 3.)
was an enſign uſed by divers of the Northern Princes;
This ſeems copied from one of Antiochas Epiphanes.
The Romans trom Trajan's conquering of the Da-
cians uſed it alſo; but theirs was in the form of a
great ſerpent, and not of an imagination as this
IS.
_ The 6th, Ecgbert was the name alſo of divers Saxon
Kings ; one of Kent, one of Northumberland, one
of Mercia z beſides him of the Weſt-Saxons, who
reduced all the Kingdoms into one Monarchy. For
whom this coin was made, is to me unknown : he
ſeems placed between two crofles in imitation of
ſome of the Eaſtern Emperors. The reverſe ſeems
only the name of the Mint-maſter. Uborbrms is a
name ſtill in reputation in the North ; it may be this
Ecberbt was the Northumbrian.
The feventh, Cuthred, whether the ſame with the
former, is not known. TI rather think him to be the
; Weſt-Saxon, brother of Ethelwerd, about anno 740,
a valiant and victorious Prince. Sigebert ſeems to
have been the Noble-perſon, commander of the place
where this was coined.
The eighth, Alred, is Albred King of Northum-
berland ammo 765 ; he reigned 8 years, and at York
was expelled his Kingdom amo774. Onthe reverſe,
Edwin, ſeems to have been a Nobleman.
The ninth, Eamred, may either be Eanfrid or Ean-
dred both Kings of Northumberland. Eanfrid, eldeſt
fon of Ethelfrth, was expelled his countrey by Ed-
win ; who had ſlain his father, and uſurped c King-
dom amo 617, but being ſlain by Ceadwalla and
Penda, Eanfrid returned to the crown anno 634, was
baptized, and built St. Peters Church at York,
(whereof S. Edwin had Jaid the foundation) making
Paulinus Biſhop. Eadwin on the reverſe ſeems to
have ſucceeded Eanfrid after fome years.
The tenth, «fred ſeems by the cypher or mono»
gram on the reverſe to have been the King of Nor-
thumberland (the face not correſponding to that of
Alfred the Weſt-Saxon). He murthered his true and
lawful Prince anno 765 ; himfelf was expelled alſo.
He is ſaid to have been very learned : to ſhew which,
it may be that he ſtamped that Monogram on the re-
verſe : after the example of divers Conſtantinopotican
Emperors ; -but not after thoſe of the Franks ; which
was begun by Charles the Great, ly becauſe
he could not write ſo much as his name, as Eginhar:
ſaith ; and that even in his old age he vainly endea-
voured to learn.
The eleventh Edilred, ſeems to have been Ethelred 1
King of the Northumbers, ſon of Mollo. After he
had reigned four years, he was drivenout, and Read-
uulf crowned ; who being flain by the Danes at Al.
vethlic, Ethelred again ſucceeded. But carrying
himſelf tyrannically, particular] murthering Oelt,
(Alfus) and Oelfwin, (Alfwin) fons of Alfwo!d, was
again expelled and died in baniſhment, There was
Weſt-Saxons, and Chriſtians. This Cuthred was by
+
alſo another Ethelred, ſon of Eandred, a tributary
King of the Northumbers; forced from his Kingdont
Ht
—_—
gmund, anno $90. choſen by God 3:
The fitth, Eadberbe was the name of two Kings of x:
T >:
CG ODER. COSINE
- 0. __ TTY ———
” gn 0 HO OE gan. oe woe FORTE Ws Lo gr I wi OE oo BG 4 RE 4
| "5 _—
CXXXIX Saxon
- — ———_— <= #t ww
—_— ——— —— ” —w—oo_—
Coms.
- - - - — — — ——
in the fourth year of his reign: being again reftored. | neither 1n countenance nor h1avit like this, There are
he was {lain tour years after.
The tweitth Edred, fon of Eardulf, Kin of the
Northnmbers, reigned thirty yrs alter Alwo'd the
Uſitrper: Afterwards ſubmitted to }.gbert.
"The thirteenth and fourteenth be'ong to Offa, the
Mercian King ; the reverſe being the fame in both;
who ſeems to have been a Neobieman, and not a Mint-
maſter. Three ot that name, 4». 8c 3. ſubſcribed
the Synod at Clowjh?, and another ſucceeded 5. Bo-
niface in the Archbiſhoprick of Merz, Offa having
ſlain Beornred, 41». 5 57. reigned over the Mercians :
a Prince of great courage and ſucceſs in arms ; but
not juſt nor virtuous : for he bafelv murthered Ethel-
brilt King of the Laft-Angics, (enticing him to his
Palace that he might marry his daughter) and ſeized
upon his kingdom. He had much entercourſe, and
at length friendſhip alſo with C6.:r/es the Great. He
drew a trench of wondrous length from ſea to fea, fc-
parating the Mercians trom the Welch, part whereof
remains viſibie to this day. He was the firſt who
granted a perpetual Tax to the Pope out of every
Houſe in his Kingdom, at his being at Rome; and
gave very bountitully, after his return, to the Clergy,
in Pennance for his Sins: he died A». 794.
The fifteenth Beormwlf, a valiant man, uſurped the
Kingdom of Mercia from Ceoluult ; in his third year
was overthrown by King Legbert at Ellendon, An. 82 2.
He retired thence to the Eaſt-Angles, as part of his
dominion by the ſcilure of King Offa, with the re-
mainder of his army, and was there rencountred and
ſlain: Whereupon the Eaſt-Angles ſurrendred them-
ſelves to Egbert. The reverſe I take to be Monera.
The ſixteenth, Ludican, ſucceeded Beornuulf in
Mercia, 4n.824. He reigned only two years: then,
preparing to revenge the death of Beornuulf,his kinſ-
man, upon the Eaſt-Angles, was by them, with his
five C:n/ulsfurprized and lain. The reverſe I under-
ſtand not.
The ſeventeenth Berhiulf, An. $38. reigned in
Mercia, but as teudatary to the Weſt-Saxons: being
much moleſted with the invaſions of the Danes, he
quitted his Kingdom, and retired to a private life.
The reverſe Uulfbean z who he was, unknown.
The 18th, Burgred, was by King Erheluulf made
King of the Mercians, and married his oa E-
thelſwith. To avoid the oppreflion of the Danes he
reſigned his kingdom, and retired to Rome; where
he lived in great reputation of Sanctity tiil his death.
His Queen alſo entred into a Monaſtery at Pavia, and
there died. The reverſe is Yvhbne, only the Mint-
maſter. There are divers other of his Coins, but
differing only in the names of the Mint-maſters ſeem
not worthy to be inſerted.
The nineteenth ſeems, however the faces unlike in
their Coins, to have been of the ſame perſon. The re-
verſe ſeems to be Moneta fs, not known.
The twentieth, is of Aduff or 41/dulf, King of the
Eaſt-Angles, fon of Ethelwald's brother; a very
worthy and pious Prince, as appears by the reverſe ;
a great friend to venerable Bede: What Priſz means
I know not. The reverſe is remarkable, becauſe his
name is otherwiſe ſpell'd than upon the Coins.
The one and twentieth is St. Edmond, King of the
Eaſt-Angles, crowned at fourteen years old, at Buers,
againſt his will : a very pious, valiant, and hopeful
Prince. In the year 871. his kingdom was invaded
by the Danes ; againſt whom molt valiantly fighting
at Theorford, his army was routed, himſelf taken, and
ſhot to death with arrows. Neither this, nor the two
following ſeemto have been Coined by him ; but, as
I conceive by ſome of the Weſt-Saxon Edmunds,
who were all very much devoted to this holy martyr ;
tho? they may allo denote king Alfred. The reverſe
ſ{zems to be ofthe Mint-maſter.
The reverſe of the two and twentieth, Oda Moneta;
the place I underſtand not.
Of the three and twentieth, Fomam me fecit, ſig-
nifies that Femam was the Mint-maſter. Ae fecit is
common upon the Coins of the Franks in Ga4ia.
The twenty fourth, «£:heired Rex Anglorum, ſeems
not to have been one of the Weſt-Saxons; the firſt of
whom is commonly written 21hbered ;, the ſecond is
mentioned in our Hiſtories an «/Ethelred, fucceſior to
his brother Wulfred in Mercia : another the fon of
Moll; another of Eandred, of whom we havealready
(poken. He is ſaid to have mariied Lesſ14, mother
to Erhelbert,murthered by Offa ; and to have reigned
hity years: little beſides is known of him. The reverſe
ſeems to be a devout acknowled2ment of his being
luſtained by the hand of Almighty God, who is 4!phg
and Omega, Who Helizard was, not known. This
ſeems coined at Norwich.
The twenty filth is like unto this reverſs on both
ſides, but of what Prince unknown ; it is read Twrs
moneta Faxceafter, as | conceive. I cannot make ſenſe
of the Reverlc.
The rwenty ſixth fecms to he Sizfri4 Moneta, a
King of the Eaſt-Saxons, called alſo Suvefred, and
denominated Sigfrid rhe good. He makes no great fi-
gure in our Annals. Ir 15 not ufual to add Awneta to
the King's name. Concerning Enura I can find no-
thing.
The twenty ſeventh ſeems to have been King of
the Eaſt-Saxons, fon of Siger ; a very comely and
virtuous perſon, and exceedingly beloved of his pco-
ple. Yet devotion prevailing, atter a ſhort reign, he,
with Kenred King of Mercia, went to Rome 1n the
time of Pope Conſtantine, and there retired into a
Monaſtery. 1bba on the reverſe, ſeems ſome Noble
man.
The twenty eighth, Edmund Rex, ſeems to have
been one of the Weſt-Saxon Edmunds. The reverle
may be Edmund Martyr.
The twenty ninth I do not underſtand.
The thirtieth, for which of the Arhe/tans I know
not, as neither the reverſe.
The thirty firſt Eunaa Rex. I cannot find any
ſuch name in all our Hiſtories. The reverſe ſeems
to mention Oxford,
The thirty ſecond : I cannot find any mention of
Heareth and Herred.
The thirty third is imperfect.
The thirty fourth ſeems not to be eA/fred the
Welſt-Saxon, becauſe the name is fpel'd otherwiſe.O«-
nig 1s alſo unknown.
The thirty filth is to me unknown.
Saxon Coins. T as. VI.
O the firit, there were two Erhelweards, one of
the South, the other of the Welſt-Saxons ; this
ſeems to be of the latter. In ſome writers he is call-
ed Erhelheardus, Little remembred of him, beſides
that when King Ia went to Rome, Ammo 728, he
aſſumed the government of the Kingdom ; and
fought a battle with Prince Oſwald : with what ſuc-
cels not mentioned. He is faid to have governed
fourteen years. On the reverſe is Edmund, with a
ligature of ſeveral letters, which cannot ſtand for
St, Edmund the Martyr, which happened not ill
Anno 870, Affer which time there was none, ex-
cept Ethelbert, the fon of Ftheluulf; but he alſo
before the Martyrdom of St. Edmund. I rather
think that cypher to ſignifie ſome mark of the Mone-
tarins.
The ſecond Cvoenuulf, called commonly Kenulph,
Kinulf, Ceoluulf. One of that name was adopted to
be King of the Northumbers by O/:c : little more
known of him, than that he left his Kingdom, and
became a Religious at Lindfurn. Another was King
of the Weſt-Saxons, who reigned in great ſplendor
and renown thirty one years. He was once worſted
by the great Offs at Benſington (now Ben/om) in Ox-
fordſhire, He was ſlain at Mercton in Surrey (b
Kinheard, a ſeditious noble man, baniſhed ty hum ) as
he was with a Lady there, roo much atfe&ted by him
about Ammo 786. But Gthis Coen! {32ms to have
been a King of Mercia, a very worthy Prince : this
Coin 15 of him ; he was a very powertul and vicori-
ous, as well as pious Prince 3 accounted one of the
great Saxon Monarchs. He diſpolleiſed Erhelbertms
Prev
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Pren, King of Kent, and took him priſoner, bur at-
rerwards releaſed him without ranſome or other con-
dition. | 2 Et
The third Beormerick (by Speed called Br#hric, for
of that other name we find no mention in hiſtories)
was King of the Weſt-Saxons, and fucceeded Cor
wif. In the third year of his reign was the firſt ap-
pearance of the Pirats upon theſe coaſts. Pirats, I
call them, becauſe they were not owned by any So-
vereign Prince till long after: but were a confluence
of all ſorts of thieves, who by ſpoil and robbery, ar-
rived to much wealth, and c contidence to erect a
Lind of Community or Republick at a ſtrong town,
now called Wolm in Pomerania z whence they went
out to rob, and laid up their prey there. Brihtrick
baniſhed: Ecgberht, fearing both the goodneſs of his
title, and'his great abilities; yer dying childleſs, he lete
che Kingdom to him, 4n. 8co, He was poyſon-
ed by his wife, the wicked Eadbnrga, by chance
raſting of a Cup ſhe had prepared for one of his fa.
vyorites. Upon his death, ſhe fled, with all her trea-
ſures, into France; when coming to Charles the
Great, he asked her whom ſhe deſired to marry,
himſelf or his fon, there preſent ? She fooliſhly an-
(wered, that if it were in her choice, ſhe would
marry his fon, becauſe he was the younger. Where-
upon the Emperor told her, that it ſhe had choſen
t:imſelf, ſhe ſhould have married his fon ; but now,
that ſhe ſhould retire to ſuch a monaſtery Whence
fo for her incontinency, ſhe was ſhort'v r1::ncd our,
and died begging.
The fourth, Zcyberhr, partly by conqueſt, partly by
the ſubmiſſion of other Kingdoms, united all into one
dominion, calling it Enyland 5 becauſe, as it is faid,
kimſelf, the King of the Weſt Saxons, was an Angle.
It ſeems that Almighty God faw it neceflary, for re.
ſiſting the violence of the heatheniſh Pirats, to unite
the intire force of all tio Nation, yet litt'2 enough
to deſend themſelves. He was a Prince (though bu:
of ſmall ſtature) extraordinary both for wiſdom an
valour ; for being baniſhed by Brichric, he applied hini-
conſiderable poſt in his Army.
neceſſary for the preſervation ofthe Nation, itspeace,
and un
The th , Cenedryd Regina, ſome ſuppoſe to have
| been wiſe to the great Offa, the Metrcian, and to
after his death ; and that Eopa was |
one of her chief Miniſters. But ſhe rather ſeems to |
have been the eldeſt daughter of Kenuulf the Mercian; |
to whom alfo, he left the care of Kenelm: his fon ;
have rei
whom out of ambition, ſhe caus'd to be murthered
by his Educator. After his death, ſhe rei
Weſt-Saxon Princes : as Eopa (a name frequent a-
monegſt the Saxons) was the Son of Ingilidus or Ingil-
ſus, brother of Ina ; and therefore probably might
be in ſome great, perhaps the chief employment un-
der her, or elſe married to her : and therefore placed
upon her Coin, not as a King, nor a Biſhop, though
he hath a Crofs in his _ FRI wy a Mer-
clan, a the letter M u the reverſe.
Tent Crench are of King AEthelwolf, fon
and heir of Egbert, a peaceable and devout, yet ve-
ry valiant Prince. He firlt gave the tithe of his own
Eſtate, and afterwards of the whole Kingdom, with
the conſent of the Nobility, to the maintenance of
the Clergy. He obtained a very great, and glorious
victory over the Danes at Aclea (now conceived to
be either Ockham, or very near it) in Surrey. He
lubdued alſo part of North-wales, upon the intreaty
of Burhbred, King of Mercia, and our of great boun-
ty end moderation, reſigned it to him. Affer ſer-
ling the Kingdom, he had fo much leifure, as to go
to Rome z (a journey mentioned with honour by
Anaſtaſius Biblioth.) where he ſojourned in very great
elteem twelve months. In his return, he married
Fuditha, the beautiful daughter of Carolus Caluns ;
after Etheluulf's death, re-married to Baldwin ferreum-
latus, Foreſter, and afterwards Count of Flanders.
At his return, his undutiful, if not alfo rebellious fon
ed ſome |
time.; and perhaps might be married to ſome of the |
—————
—_
Rm COR
_ -->
CX |
Er pelbald, endeavorcd to exciude him the Kingdom.
Yee, notwithſtanding the Nobility freely oftered
their . athſtance againſt Arhelbald 3 rather than en-
gage in a war with his own people, he, in wonder
ful moderarion, conlented to divide the Kingdom,
and contenced. himſelt with the worte halt,
"The eighth, Plegmumd, is out of its place 3 yet not
to be otnitted, becauſe on the reverſe is the Palliur,
or Archiepiſcopal ornament received from the chief
Paſtor of theChurch,who thereby acknowledgethand
authorizeth ſuch a ons to the dignity of an Archbi-
ſhop ; ahd from this alſo ſeems derived that which is
now ſince, even till this tyne, the Arms of that Arch.
biſhoprick, thouzh otherwiſe faſhioned; This of
Plegmund 1s not unlike the Pedum of the oriental Bi-
ſhops
The ninth. "Tis uncertain for which e£:h:lfan
this was made, for there were dlvers z. one was King
of Kent, a very valiant and vio: ious Prince againtt
the Danes ; whether he was the ſon of Egbert or X-
theluult, is not cafily diſcovered from our authors ; I
rather think him the ſecond fon of Eghert, Another
was a Daniſh King, called Godrum, overcome by
King Alfred at Eddington,aſterwards Chriſtened,and
called at his baptiſm #&chelftan ; of whom hereafter.
But this ſeems moſt probably to have been the fon
and ſucceſſor of Edward Senicr, Regnald on the re-
verſe ſeems to have been the fon of Guthferth, the
ſon of Sihtric, a Daniſh King in Northumberland.
An. 923, he took York. Chr. Sax. 1.c anno Regnal-
dus rex expugnavit Fboracum;, Which he ſeems to have
kept till recovered by #thelſtan; yea, though 7.
924, it be faid, that the Scots, Regnald, and the fon
of Ladulf, and all the inhabitants of Northumberland
had choſen Edward Sen. to be their Lord and father :
that being only for fear of his arms, they rebelled a-
gain preſently after his death. I cannot but lamenc
the miſery of this Nation in thoſe times. When (v.p.)
1; Norhrmberiand, The Daniſh Invaders had one
| King, the <av1-ns another, and who had not their
limits diſtinguiſhed, but lived promilſcuouſly vi:c
ſelf to Charles the Great, who beſtowed upon him a | amongſt ahother ; fo that here was always certain
And he was ſignally | war, or uncertain peace. In ie time of King Ed-
bleſſed with a numerous ſucceion of moſt worthy | mund, an. 945, Regnaid was baptized ; but (as it
Princes of his family and blood ; which indeed was ' ſeems) relapſing, he was by King Edmund driven
| out of his Kingdom. t'The Building upon the reverſe
may perhaps ſignitic ſome repairing of the Minſter ;
| and AC may allo ſtand for Archiepiſcopur, It is re-
ported by divers of our Hiſtorians, that Ethelſtan, in...
his march towards the North, ſeeing a great number
of people going upon the way, demanded whither
they went? and being anſwered that they went to
viſit the Shrine of Sr. '70b» of Beverly (who wroughe
many miracles) he refolycd to go thither alſo, and at.
ter having paid his devotions, vowed, that if St. Fob»
would pray to God for victory againſt his enemics, he:
| would redeem his knife (which hethere preſented and
; left) with ſomewhat of value ; which he did at his re-
' turh with victory. And I have been iaformed, that
| about 1660, the people going to repair ſomething
| inthat Church of Beverley, light accidentally uponthe
| Coffin of St. Fob, which opening, they found the
| dried body of the Saint, and an old faſhioned Knife
; and Sheath.
The tenth and elevetith are of the valiant, devout,
| and bountiful third fon of King Xtheluulf He
| fought many and fore battles againſt the Danes, moſt-
what ſuccelsfully. At Aſbd» (near Lamborn in
| Barkſhire) was a moſt terrible fight againſt the whole
| body of the Daniſh forces, divided into two wings ;
' one under two of their Kings, the other led by their
| Earls. King #thered divided his army likewiſe into
' two bodies, the one commanded by his brother «/-
fred, the other by himſelf Mlfred was ordered to
ſuſtain their charge, whilſt King Frhered heard pub-
| lick Prayers ; and though word was brought him
' that the battle was begun, and his brother fiercely
' charged, yet would he not rife from his Prayers ti!
; all was ended; and then, after a moſt terrible battle,
he obtained an entire and glorious victory, whereirt
were ſlain one of their Kings, and moſt part of their
Far!s and chicf Commanders. In another battle,
; this moſt worthy, valiant, and benign Prince, was
| p morcally
I Ig
by.
Saxon
Cons.
-. wn” VR tf 9 20% AS Rn i CS 22. 4 7 II EDO
——— net oeedS nes = > ps
—— wounded, and died at Winbors in Dorſer-
ire.
In the eleventh, his name is e£thered, as it is alſo
in the Teſtament of King «£/fred : the letters of the
former reverſe I cannot interpret ; in the latter,
O/gut moneta. The other letters I underſtand not.
Prom the twelfth to the nineteenth, are of the
reat Xifred. The reverſe of all, or moſt of them,
eem to be Noblemen and Governors. The reverſe
of the twelfth, ſeems to be in honour of St. Cuthbert,
one of the firſt, greateſt, and moſt famous of our
Engliſh Szints. His life is written both in ou and
verſe by Venerable Bede, who was born fome time
before Cuthbert died, fo that his ſtory was then freſh
in memory. When King eA/fred was in his loweſt
eſtate abſconding in Athelney, St. Cuthbert appeared
to him, and to his wite's mother, declaring to them,
that Almighty God was reconciled to him, and par-
doned his offences (the clieteſt whereof were the
negleCt of his duty, and too much addiction to hunt-
ing in his youth, as St. Nzor warned him) and would
ſuddenly give him a ſignal vitory over his enemies,
( which happened at Edimgton in Wiltſhire, ) and
would reſtore him to his Kingdom. The King in
gratitude gave to the ſervice of God, in St. Curbbert's
Church, the Province called now the Biſhoprick of
Durham, and put his name upon his Coin: as hedid
likewiſe that of Used, Count or chief governor of
Hamſhire, upon the thu teenth.
Of che fourteenth 1 underſtand neither ſide. The
reverſe ſcems to be Bermwaled, unknown to me who
he was. So is alfo that of the fifteenth, only it was
an eminent name amoneglt them ; as was alfo e-£he!. |
thumberland, where remained the
ftin on the lixtecmth. That upon the ſeventeenth is
likely to be of that valiant and noble Viceroy of Mer-
ca, marrir 4 to the King's daughter Erbelfleda, a wo-
man of adrairable wiſdom, courage and zeal; in ſum,
a daughter worthy of ſuch a father.
'The eight-enth is of Edward Senior that victorious
and glorious fon and ſucceilor of King e£/red; equal
to his father in valour and military skill, but interiour
to him in learning and knowledge. His actions are ſuf:
ficient for a volume. On his head is a cloſe ( or im-
perial) crown, born by few, if any other, beſides
the Kings of England. The reverſe is Leofwine, or
Lincoln,
"The twenty third, Beormwal, I ratherreadit De-
orwald, 1. ce. Deirorum [5/va, York-woulds ; the chief
"Town whereof was Beverly. And the rather, becauſe
of the twenty fourth, |Diora Moneta, which ſeems to
be the money ot the Deiri, or Yorkſhire-men,
"The reſt of the Coins of this Prince are eaſily un-
derſtood. The names upon the reverſes ſeem to have
been Noblemen or Governors. "The twenty fitth is
remarkable for the ſpelling, Fedweord , the reverle is
Arnerin, on Eoferwic, i. e. York. "The twenty ſixth
hach the reverſe Orhlric 6» Ring; which might be
Ringhornan in Lancaſhire, a large Town, one of the
eight, built by his ſiſter Ethelflede. Of the twenty
ſeventh, 1 do not underſtand the reverſe.
The twenty eighth is of that moſt famous and wor-
thy King ethel/tan, the true progeny of ſuch a fa-
ther and grandfather. In his youth, his grandfather
King e-&/fred ſaw ſuch a ſpirit and indoles un him, that
he forctold, if it ſhould p!caſs God that he came to
the Crown, he would pertorm very great ations for
the good of his country; and he made him alfo (I
think the firſt that we read to have received that ho-
nour in this nation) a Knight, and gave him orna-
ments accordingly ; the more likely, becaufe Xlfred
alſo order'd the robes and ceremonies of the Coro.
nation. "This Prince extended his Victones North-
ward, even into Scet/and ; Which countreys, till his
time, were n2ver peaceab!y ſettled ; becaule the two
nations, .Saxons and Danzs, mingled together in their |
habitations ; and yet having ſeveral Kings and Laws,
cou!d never be long in quiez. Upon the borders of |
Scotland, he fought ons ot the molt terrible battles
that ever was in England, againſt .4»!af King of
Soldiers. Authors ſay, that King Xthelſtan's valiant
Chancellor and General Turket;}, with wonderful
courage and ſtrength, broke through the enemies
ranks, till he met with King Con/tantme, and flew him
with his own hand. Others fay that Conſtantine was
not ſlain, but his fon. Turketill, after all his wars and
greatneſs, reſigning his eſtates and wealth, repaired
to the Monaſtery of Croyland, and lived in it himſelf
till his death. The reverſe is Biorneard moneta Lond.
onenſ\is civitas or Holnd ci, The former reading 1s
the true.
The twenty ninth is King Edmund, Brother, and
not inferior either in valour or counſel to e£rhel/t an.
He purſued the deſign of reducing all his ſubjeCts to
perfe&t unity and peace, by extirpating thoſe rebel-
lious irreconcileable enemies, the Danes. In the be.
ginning of his Reign, he cleared Mercia of them.
For King Edward, ſeeing the Kingdom ſo much de-
populated by thoſe deſtructive wars, ever ſince the en-
trance of the Danes ; upon promile and oath of feal.
ty and obedience, (as his father alſo had done amongſt
the Eaſt-Angles) permitted theſe Danes to live a-
monegſt his natural Subzes; and chiefly in the great
Towns: thinking, becauſe of their profeflion of arms
and foldiery, they would better defend them than the
Saxons, more induſtrious and skilful in labour and
husbandry. The Danes alſo having been themſelves
beaten and conquered by him, were very ready to
engage to obedience, peace, and loyalty. But the
Saxons by their labours growing rich, and the Danes
retaining their former tyrannical and lazy diſpoſitions,
began to oppreſs and dominere over the natives. Ed.
mund theretore, after Mercia, began to reduce Nor.
reateſt number
of them, (for Edward himſelf had ſuppreſſed thoſe
in Eaſt-Anglia;) and to reduce thoſe Northern coun.
ties into the form of Provinces: and committed Cum.
berland (as a Feud) to Malcolme King of Scotland.
His zeal for juſtice coſt this heroical Prince his life.
For celebrating the feſtival of St. Auſtin, and giving
thanks for the Converſion of the nation; he ſpied a-
monegſt the Gueſts one Leof, a notable thief, whom he
had before baniſhed. The King's ſpirit was ſo moved
againſt him, that riſing from the Table, he ſeized up-
on him, threw him to the ground, and was about to
do ſome violence unto him. The Thief fearing what
he had Ceferved, with a ſhort dagger, which he con-
cealed, wounded the King — who died in a
ſhort time, to the very great grief and affliction of
his people. The reverſe isvery imperſect , but it may
perhaps be Edward Moneta Theodford, or rather Ead.
mund Martyr, to whoſe Church he gave the Town
called Sr. Edzwnind's-bury,
The thirtieth is Eadred, who degenerated not in 5;
the leaſt from his father King Edward, or his brethren
the precedent Kings. He compleated the reduftion
and ſettlement of the North; making Ofulf the firſt
Earl of it. The Scots voluntarily ſubmitted, and ſwore
Allegiance to him. Av. 9g. in the fifth year of his
reign, and flower of his youth, he ſickned, died, and
was exceedingly lamented of his ſubjects.
Thethirty firſt is Eadwig, fon of K. Edmund, who
being come to age, received the Kingdom : fo lovely
a perſon, that he was named the fair. His actions are
Ireland, Conftuvtine King 01 >cotland, and a_very
mighty and numerous Army. Wherein were faid to |
be ſlain five Kings, feven Earls or chiet Comman:- |
ders, beſides vait numbers of interior Otficgrs and
variouſly reported by Hiſtorians; generally they ac-
cuſe him of moans, and neglect of his affairs:
infomuch that a great part of the North applied them-
ſelves to his Brother Edgar, and ſet himup againſt E-
wy, Who (as is thought) with ſorrow lickned, and
died, An. gg8. Heriger on the reverſe, ſeems to have
been Mint-maiter.
The thirty ſecond, S** Elwy, is here placed next
to his names-ſake: butit is a miſtake; for it thould be
Ss Edwymes. There were two St. Edwins,both Nor-
thumbers; the firſt a Monk,the ſecond a King. He laid
| the foundation ofthe Cathedral of York ; and was ſlain
by Penda and Cadwallin the Britain, (to whom Penda,
being taken Priſoner,had ſworn fubmiflion;) with O/-
fred his ſon,and the whole Army diſperſed. His head
was brought to or k-minſter ; and that whole Kingdom
came into very great diviſions and calamities. Bur this
Coin was not coined by him, nor d> we know by
whom ; neicher is Bad:, the Mint-maſter, known to
what
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c—_—_—_ ee et es.
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— ———
what King he beloriged; only that letter 4 15
upon divers Coins of the Welt Saxons, and there-
fore probably this alſo belonged to ſome of thoſe
ke thirty third, Eadgar, fon of King Edmund,
peaceably enjoyed the fruits of the labours and dangers
' of his predeceſſors. A man admired by all, both to.
reigners and natives, for his great piety, juſtice, pru-
dence, and induſtry in governing the Kingdom. $Sine
prelio onmia gubernavit preut ipſe wolnit, The reverſe
is, Leofsig Moneta Hamptonenſis. ot |
The thirty fourth is of Eadward, ſon of King Ed-
gar, by Ethelfleda the fair, ( called alſo Eneda ) Daugh-
ter of Duke Ordmear. He is much commended for a
virtuous, well-diſpoſed, and hopeful Prince; and ſuch
the ſmall remainders of his Hiſtory do truly repreſent
him. But, by order of his Stepmother Aifritba, to
whom he was too obedient, he was murthered, to
empty the Throne for her ſon «£rbelrea. Edward was
accounted a Saint and Martyr, becauſe of the many
miracles ſaid to be done at his Tomb; which occa-
fioned the removal of his body from Werehbam to a
more honourable place, ( Shafresbury: ) and the Mur-
dreſs, repenting of that wicked ation, ſpent the reſt
of her days in grief and ſevere penances. Who that
Heremod| on the reverſe was, we know not.
The thirty fiſth is of «£rbelred, ſon of Edgar by 4/-
Ficba, the only weak and flothful Prince of all the
line of King Egbert; endeavouring to govern his
Kingdom, not by true juſtice and valour, as lus pre-
decetfors had done, but by tricks, and ( as they call
it) policy. Firſt gave an opportunity to the Danes
to renew their invaſions ; and then, negligently or
unfortunately, oppoſing them, he brought the King-
dom into great poverty and calamity, andafterwards
into ſubjetion unto thoſe antient enemies and rob-
bers of the country ; by his lazineſs loſing all that his
forefathers by their induſtry had acquired ; as Hiſto.
rians ſay St. Dunſtan toretold of him at his Baptiſm.
Egbert began the advancement of the Kingdom, by
reducing it into one Monarchy; his ſucceſſors valiant.
ly defended, and ſetled and augmented it, by ſubduing
the Danes and all other enemies. Edgar enjoyed it in
full peace, proſperity, and glory ; and his fon, this
e/Ethelred, fffered it to run down again into a worle
condition than ever it was. And indeed it would be
ſtrarige to imagine ſo great a change in one man's
time ; did it not appear that there was no cauſe of
ruine left'unpraftifed in his long reign ; his own negli-
gence, cowardiſe, want of intelligence, unskiltulneſs
in war; the great factions, enmities, and treaſons
of the nobility ; the particulars whereof have filled the
tedious relations of our Hiſtorians.
——_
ith.
|
great aſleiablics of the Nobility, fo many times in the
year; as was the cultom, both here, in France,
Germany, and | think with all European Princes in
thoſe times. .. But one time; being mightily flattered
by his Courtiers, he chariced to beupan the iea-banks,
whither he commanded his chair co be brought; where
ſrring down upon the beach in great Majeſty, he told
the ſea, that that was his land, and the water his wa-
ter; Wherefore he commanded the ſea to be content
with its own chanel, and net. cover any part of the
land. . Which he had no ſooner ſaid, but the water
daſhed upon him : whereupon he told his flatterers,
that they ſhould henceforward forbear all boaſting of
his power. and greatnefs.. After this, it is reported he
would never wear.-a Crown. Others ſay, that he
never wore a Crown after bis coronation ; and that
then alfo, at his coronation, preſently after the Crown
was fet upon. his head, be took it off, and fixed ic
upon the head of our Saviourcrucified. "The ordinary
covering of his head was ſometimesa Mitre, (as fig. 6.)
other times a cap, (as fig. 5. ) ſometimes a triangular
covering, uſed after him by Andronicus the Ealtern
Emperor, and by St. Edward. the Confeſlor. The
reverſe of the firlt is Farthein Monet Eoforwic, i. & York,
Of the ſecond, Swnolf, Of the third, Crinam, The
tourth is Wilnorh, All coined at York.
The fifth is Leodmer, and ſeems coined at Rac
minſter,, now Reculver.
The ſixth hath Luffwine, at Dower,
The ſeventh hath Wulfric on» Lunden,
The eighth is Selwi, at Theoford.
The ninth is Ozthgrim, at York.
The tenth is Cur aged, with a Diadem about his
head.. The reverſe is Nodwin Moneta : The name of
the place I cannot read. In his younger years he
ſpared no- labour, nor any art, juſt or unjuſt, op-
preflion or murder; to acquire and ſertle the King-
dom to himſelf and Poſtericy. Which being, as well
as he could, performed, he endeavoured to att more
juſtly and plauhbly, that he might retain the obedi-
ence of the people, which he bad ſo unjuſtly gotten.
Yer not long before his death, he difpolſeſſed Olauas
King of Norway of his dominion, about A». 1029.
Lhe eleventh is of Harold, Cnut's ſecond ſon cal-
led for his ſwiftneſs Hares-foor, Cnut to his eldeſt fon
Suane, fulpe&ed to benone of his own, gave the King»
dom of Norway : to Haro{d;; his ſecond fon, ( by to-
reign writers alſo called a Baſtard ) the Kingdom of
England : to Hardacmet, his fon by Emma, he gave
| $4xoh Coins: *T'«s. VII.
' A 11: 'the firſt ten are of Caut, (called rhe Great)
the fitſt-Daniſh King of England. There are
very many of his Coins extant: I have only- deſcri-
bed thoſe wherein is ſome notable variety. Though
Swave his father made "divers conqueſts, and ſeveral |
countries as well as perſons ( preferring his aRtiveneſs
before. «£tbelred's ſloth ) not regarding the juſtice of
the cauſe, ſubmitted to him, and paid largely'for his
protection ; yet was he never King, norailumed (he
or his ſon the title ; till Edmund honſide conſented,
by the perſuaſion of a traytor, to divide the Kingdom
with him. The vile bur potent Eric thought' that
more wasto be
per, than adhering to the juſt cauſe of his true' and |
Royal Sovereign. - Nor was Cut unmindiul of him ;
but, according to his promiſe, -advanced him above
- wo other Lords of the py wr by _—_ off |
1s head, and ex it upon a high pole. Amongſt
all theſe figures =p Ke ood one ( the ſeventh ) is
with a crown; and that an open one, (contrary to
that of the Engliſh Kings before him ) and adorned
with lies 5 which would make me ſuſpe& that Coin
to be counterfeic, were it not that our Hiſtorians ſay
|
Denmark. Harold's Reign was ſhort, about four years,
and employed more in endeayouring to. ſettle his
ticle, than perform any worthy a&tion. The reverſe
is Godric at Theotford.
The twelfth is of the ſame, with a Diadem about
his Helmet. The reverſe is Sliwine on Theodford,
The thirteenth is of Hartbacnut, He reigned about
two years, anddied fuddenly at a ou tealt in Lam-
beth. Little of note mentioned of him, beſides that
| he was very affeRionate to his mother's children ; and
|
t by ſhoring up a new active Ufar. | only
as Suidas
ried a'globe
' fairh inthe croſs of Chriſt he was advancedto be Lord
| of the world, 5. e. that he obtained ;that dominion
by: Chriſt crucified, but who was now made Lord of
that when he was yourpg he wore his Crown at the
| Lords, and Prince m_ the. Kings of the earth. This
thar he loved good eating, making four mals a day.
The reverſe is Ehmvine on Wice._—perhaps Worceſter,
The' fourteenth is of St. Edward the Confeſſor ; of
whom there are very many Coins ſtill extant. I have
pou gnty thoſe of moſt variety. This nopeaſeccs
m as'a young man ſitting with a ſtaff or {cepter;
( which amongſt the Romans was the Haſta pura and
Scepryums, ſometimes made of Ivory, and many times
an Eagle upon the top: of it; inſtead of which our
Kings aſed commonly'a.Crofs, tho? not always of the
ſame faſhion : ſometimes alſo a Lily ) in his left hand
a globe, with a crofs faſtened in it. ' This was uſed
by Chriſtian Emperors and Kings, as witnefling
them.-to have that power: through the-vireue of the
. Croſs;'or Paſſion of our Saviour, The Pagan Ro-
man Emperors uſed: rather a ſtern or oar faſtened to
a globe, ſhewing that they ſteered the world, not
refling whencethey received that power. Where.
S faith of Juſtinian, that in his left-hand he car-
with a crofs upon it; fignitying that by
Prince
= $993. f)
T9;
Iz.
SO
—
cxlvii Saxon Cons. Cxly
Prince was ſon to King eAthelred; 1o that in him, to |\neceſſary for that payment) muſt needs have been
BA MINAS $_
|
; |
ml
HAT
mA
$1089
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il
'
the great joy of the Engliſh, (the Daniſh Govern-
ment being extinguiſhed ) the noble antient Saxon
Line was reſtored. He was a Prince of very great
juſtice, devotion, mildneſs, bounty, and many other
excellent virtues. Andindeed ſeveral _— reported |
; I do nor underſtand, as neither the thirtieth. Theſe
to his prejudice ſeem capable of a rational Apology ;
as the hard uſage of his mother Emma, and his wile
Edith, Neither wanted he courage or diligence : but
the faRtions of the great nobility, and ambition of Earl
Godwin, required a more ſevere, if not auſterer Go-
vernment. The reverſe Orhgrim on Efrwic, Iconceive
to be York.
The fifteenth is of the ſame Edward, but with an
unuſual ornament upon his head z in his hand a ſcep-
ter ending in a lily. The reverſe perhaps is Ailmer
on Scrobe, coined at Shrowesbury.
The ſixteenth is of the ſame, with an Imperial or
cloſe crown: his ſcepter hath three pearls croſs-wile.
On the reverſe is a croſs between four martlers, I fup-
poſe; which was the original or firſt of thoſe Arms
they call of the Weſt-Saxons ( though Arms and
Scutcheons, Cc. are of a later invention ) and are
now of the Ciry of London, and divers other places:
but they are in ſeveral particulars altered from what
they were in his time; perhaps tor the greater beauty.
The reverſe of the ſixteenth is imperfect. That of the
ſeventeenth I cannot read : perhaps it is the fame wich
that of the nineteenth.
Of the eighteenth the reverſe is Walter on Eofer-
wick.
The nineteenth is Edward with a crown Imperial
and ſcepter ; on it a crols like that of an Archbiſhop.
The Reverſe is Drintmer on Wal. perhaps Waling-
crd,
The twentieth is Edward with a crown pearled :
the reverſe may be . . . . dawnit on Leiceſter.
The ewenty firſt hath another unuſual orna-
ment on his head: the reverſe is Sietmait on Sutho-..
perhaps ſome place in Subfotk.
The twenty ſecond is of Harold, a younger fon
| of Earl Godwin. How he gain'd the Kingdom,
whilſt the rightful Heir Edgar was alive, except b
force'and power, I know not. Some fay King Ed-
ward bequearlvd it to him, conceiving Edgar not fo
able co govern ; others that the was choſen by the
conſent 'of the Nobilivy ; but this 15 not pant
But his father as long as he lived had uſed all: means,
juſt and unjuſt, to get the great offices of command
into his hands, of which, coming after his death to
Harold, the beſt and worthieſt of his children, he
made uſe accordingly. 'Betore his reign he had
jhewed himſelf very valiant, diligent, and loyal
alſo ; at leaſt more than his brethren : and as ſoon
as crown*d he endeavoured by all prudent and fitting
means to obtain the favour of the people. But his
reign laſted not long, and was taken up with wars
and troubles: At hft, fighting raſhly and indiſcreetly
with Wilkam Duke of N , he was ſlain with
- ewo of his:brethren ; the third being killed before in
a battle near York. Ard:{o.ended the great power
and ambition: of Earl Godwin and his family : as
alſo of the-Kingdom of the Saxons.
From the twenty third tothe twenty eighth is
Santti Petri 'moneta, moſt of them coined at York,
coined : nor is the ſword a proper ſymbol for S. Peter.
The ewenty ſixth. hat the wordin the reverſe 2:
ſignifies, whether the name of a perſon or place, I
know not.
The twenty eighth and twenty ninth, Sr. Neglino, ,g
coins of St. Peter, with the three following, and di-
vers others ſcattered in the other plates, were found at
Harkirk in the pariſh of Sephron un Lancaſhire, as the
were digging tor a burying-place ; and were all at-
terwards engraved printed in one large ſheet :
but having ſeen many of the ſame, it was not fitting
” The chi f f
e thirty one is of Berengarizs King of Italy in
Charles ths Dame time. 'The = ſhews Fo
building of ſome church ; what, we know not : the
words Chriſtiana Religio ſhew allo ſo much.
The thirty ſecond is Ludovicw tis ; the reve. ſe
much the ſame.
The thirty third is of Carla Magn ; and informs
us of his true name, which was not Carolus from Cha.
rws or Carws ; but Cariws in the Northern languages
ſignifying a mas, vir, or a ſtrong men. Metullo was one
ot the coining places in France in his time.
The thirty fourth is Aniaf Cyuing ; a name very
troubleſome about the times of Achelitan, and aicer.
There ſcem to have been two of them ; one,King of
[reland ; another, of ſome part of Northumberland.
V. Tab. 6, c. 28, What that not-unelegant figure in
che midſt implies, as alſo that in the reverſe, except
it be the front of ſome church, 1 cannot conceive ;
as neither who that Farbjn or Farning was. I much
doubted how Anlaf a Pagan ſhould ſtamp a church
with croſles upon his coin :-till Mr. Charleton ſhewed
me on a coin of Sthtric (Anlat's father) a Chriſtian,
the 'very ſame figures ; the Mint-maſter for haſte or
ſome other reaſon making uſe of the ſame ſtamp.
The thirty fifth is of the unfortunate e/Erhbelred
mentioned here, becauſe coined by Earl Godwin in
Kent Whence appears what I hinted before, that
the Nobility and Governors put their names upon the
coins ; and not only the Mint-maſters, as was more
frequent in France.
The thirty fixth is of Harold the fon of Godwin; .
the reverſe is Brunſtan on Lot fecit, Brunſtan ſeems to
have been only a Mint-maſter ; where Lot is I know
not.
The thirty ſeventh is of Hareld ſon of Cnut. The ..
reverſe is Leofwine on Bright ſtoll.
The thirty eigheh hath the reverſe Brintanmere on
Wallmmgford, as I conceive. Thele 3 by misfortune
were miſplaced, yet - fit to be known becauſe of the
places of their ſtamping,
Saxon Comms, T a, VIIL
N this plate are colle&ed divers unknown coins,
TX yer-fuch as I conceive to have belonged to theſe
Nations : ſome alſo of former Kings repeated ; but -
for the -molt part the faces, and in all, the reverſes
are divers, 1n hopes that it jnay not be ungrateful
to them who havethe curiofty to colle&theſe rarities,
to have: the more affiſtances. for theunderſtanding of
yet with-ſeveral ſtamps. I: ara in great doubt whe- | chem.
ther rheſe' were coined »for:Prter-pence (or cor )
which was 'an annual tax of a penny each eld,
given for the Weſt-Saxon, Kingdom þ uy loa
about arm 720, for Mercia by King Ofts, id
at the feſtival of S. Petri ad vinada. Art Ire
ſay, for the education .of Saxon Scholars.at Rome ;
but afterwards, as all grant, for the uſe of the P,
- bimſelf;, northen ſo welt provided-as afterwards./;(
like tax of three half pence .and a ſieve of 6atsdor
cach family, was about the: fame time given alfo by
the\Polonians upon the ſame reafons.) Or whether
- it was the ordinary money coined by the Archbithop,
whoſe tamous Cathedral was of St.Peter. Foramoenpit
the great number of- ſuch. coins'T have:feen very
fow ( envis-thar of the:26thin this table). ſtamped
other where, -Belides there is ſuch great variety m
the ſtamps, - that very - many. (more than .methinks
'The firſt is of che- unfortunate King «/Ethelred, the
face unlike the - ordinary -one ; the reverdde CRVX
between the 4 branches of the crols, Winſtan moneta
on Wincheſter.
. iThedecond, a fpread le, 4 ing. The
_— eEtbelred _ rachijny Mant-
The 'third is Eadrmund Rex. Reverſe, Reingrim me |
neta. (Which Edmund this was is uncertain. Beſides
the ſon of Edward Sen. (of whom we have ſpoken
before, Tab. 6. c. 29.) there is none. famous in our
Fhſtomes belides Edmund ſirnamed Ironſide, the va-
liant fon ef King Zchelred, and St. Edmund King of
the Eaſt-Angles. Edmund Ironſide reigned 1o ſhort 3
tme,: that there are very few, if any, coins extant of
him ; thoſe which may probably be thought his are
{in this Table. He was a very bold indefatigable Sol
gier
—
. y; Een
T ibuls HH Farms / come ; Lage C x vn
SIS LU x = OS;
eee
*w
_— CO — —
gm—_
Saxon Cons.
dizr, but unfortunate, being in mo!t of his enter- |
p: ues betrayed or defeated by the Traitor Exric,
Who, being a man of a mzan fimily, by his infinua-
110:25 £gOr unto Power 3 of 4 craſty wits f aur [poker
- ,»o:32 2 be exceeded all men {tying thiſe times in ma-
3 Fen pct treachery, 11 pride and cruelty, His brother
Apclmer was the father of 1/4/:0:h, the facher of Farl
Godwin.
The ſourth 1s Ethelſt an Rox Angiorum. Reverſe,
He-genredes moneta 0n Deerabi. Cone at Darby.
The fiſth is another face of King Erbelred. Re-
verſ:, Watlfreth meneta Gippeſwic, Iplwich the place of
OIn1NE Ito
: The lixth is Eadmund.
Who it was I know nor. |
The ſeventh ſeems to be of Comw!f King of the
Welt.-Saxons. Of whom ſee Tab. 5. c. 2. ot the
Northumbers. I know not where to begin to read
the letters on the reverſe ; nor do I underſtand
them.
The eighth is Eadred Rex. The reverſe, Ma
nets. This face reſembles not that in Tab. 6. c. 30.
The ninth, eleventh, eweltth, and thirty ſeventh,
' ſeem to be of the ancient Iriſh Kings, the only ones
" that 1 ever ſaw. The letters are very unuſual, and
therefore difficult to be read or underſtood. The
ninth I conjecture to be Dids Medins. The reverſe,
wo hands in the oppoſite angles of a croſs. The
word ſeems to be Inconeic, a name (as I am 1n-
formed) {till extant in Ireland.
The tenth, if it be not Offa, I know not who it
Reverſe, Buin LYG.
IS.
The eleventh is of an Iriſh Prince (I conceive) by
the words Midino on the ninth coin, 1dini upon this
and the twelfth, which ſeems to refer or belong to
Midia, now called Meath, one of the diviſions and
countreys in Ireland-
"The thirteenth is Eadear Rex. Reverſe, e/£thered
oo —
— — — — — —
The reverſe is IWermod moneta.
The ewenty fitth Sci Canuri, This rare coin was
lent us by that ingenious and worthy Gentleman
Mr. Rib Thoresoy ; Which he ſaith was ſent him out
of Swedeland , and found in a vault in Gothland up-
on ot. Canuzrs?*s cotfin ; at the time when his church
in Ozrenſez was repaired, ano 1582. The reverſe in
a crols IHC (Jeſus) INRI (Jeſus Nazarenvs Rex Ju-
drorum/. Aand D are conjectured to be Anglia and
Dan : that King (as SaxoGrammaticus, Hiſt. lib. lxii.
noteth) looking upon his pretenſions to the Crown
of Enpland as jult as any of his Predeceſlors, was
refoived to attzmpt the regaining of ir.
he wwenty lixth I cannot inceprer.
_ The twenty ſeventh is allo of Erbe/, probably
King of Kent ; becauſe of his helmet r12de after an
antuque taſhion, but uſctul ; covering the nape of the
neck; and a bar deſcending as low as his noſe ; he
hath allo a gorget : The reverſe Sala, I take to be
the name of the Mintmaſlter.
The ewenty eighth 7; Wiglaf. After that Beor-
nuulf was flain by ths Eaſt-Angles, and Ludican by
Egbert ; This J/iglaf obtained (but I know not how )
the Mercian Kingdom. Bur he being alſo overcome
by. Egbert, reſigned, and Egbert reſtored it to him
under ſuch a tribute ; and ſo he reigned 13 years.
Little recorded of him. Redward was Mintmaſlter.
The ewenty ninth is Sibrric Rex DHGH. What
theſe letters fhgnifie, is unknown to me, He was a
Daniſh King in Northumberland, tor his pride and
tyranny very much hated of his neighbours. To
ſtrengthen himſelf, he defired ro marry Edith the
liſter of the great Xchelſtan ; who would not conſenc
till he promiſed to become Chriſtian, as he did, and
was baprized, but died not long after. His two ſons,
becauſe they would not turn Chriſtians, fled their
countrey ; Gudferth went into Scotland, and Anlaf
into Ireland ; where they wrought all the miſchief
moneta Lundoniz. It was probably one of the a=
»ards, but the effigies being like none of the other, | they could againſt the Engliſh ; till Frhelſtan utterly
I know not of whom it 15. vanquiſhed them both. V. Tab. 6. c. 9. The ce-
The fourteenth, Dmo, unleſs it be one of the | verſe is Co/braud. Why may not this be that Colbrand,
Edmonds, 1 cannot gueſs at it ; but the countenance, |in the Romance of Guy of Warwick, mentioned
Cloaths, &c. are not like any of the other. The re- | (by Knig4:0n and others) ro have combarted, and been
verſe alſo is equally unknown. | Vanquiſhed by that famous Earl? whoſe valour de-
The fifteenth 1 do not underſtand. ſerved better than to have been diſcredited by thoſe
The ſixteenth is Coenuwlf a Mercian ; but not like fabufous, it not ridiculous, exaggerations. How-
any of thoſe already deſcribed. The reverſe Cee!- \ever it appears by this coin, that thoſe perſons were
beard 1 underſtand nor. | contemporaries in the time of King Xchelſtan, and
The ſeventeenth is ſet down becauſe of the beauty | of a Daniſh King (whom the fable miſcalls) enemy
and unuſualneſs of the reverle. tor a long time to Ethelſtan. The two combatants
The eighteenth. There were divers -/£thel7 ans, one alſo ſeem to have been very eminent for their valour
was the fon either of Egbert or «£theluulf, and was | and employments. Upon thele true conſiderations,
King of Kent ; another was the fon of Edward Sen. | (according to the cultom of the times about che holy
of whom before : the third was a Daniſh King cal- | war) ſome ill.cmployed perſons raiſed up the ſorry
led Gormund, who being overcome by Fltfred at the | childiſh fabrick of a tilly fable.
battle of Eddington, ſubmitted himſelf and his army,| Thethirtieth is of e£:4e/fan ; ro brie T underſtand
either to embrace the Chriſtian Religion or depart the | not : the reverſe Pauls moneta Leiec. ſzems to be coined
whole Countrey. Himſelf with 30 of his chiefeſt | at Leiceſter.
Commanders were baptized, with a great part of |
the Army, the reſt quitted the Realm. King Alfred |
was his Godfather, calld him £:hel/tan, and gave |
him the Kingdom of the Eaſt-Angles then very much
diſpeopled by the cruel wars. I take this coin to be
of him ; and the rather, becauſe the reverſe ſeems to '
be Daniſh language, and notunderſtood by me.
it to the valiant Ironſide, it I could find other of his
Coins ; but his reign was ſhort and troubleſom.
The twentieth 15 of S. Edward the Conteſior ; pub-
liſhed here, becauſe by the reverſe it ſhould ſeem,
what I have read alſo, that he either tounded or re-
editied the great Church of St, E4mms at Bury.
The ewenry firſt is £:helnorh on Snotenegoam ( No-
tingham) who is meant by it ] know not; but it is
worth nothing, fince both tides are the fame.
The ewenty ſecond ſeems to be of the great e/£:9e/-
ffan, what [to Brit | means | know not. The reverſe
15 Regnald monetra Eoferwic,
The ewenty third I believe was oi Erheljfan King
of Kent, a very valiant Prince, and fortunate againtt
the Danes: he died young. The reverſe is B:rharbed
07, 00 place named.
The thicty firſt I read Eadred Rex, the reverſe,
Garuurd moneta,
The thirty ſecond Eadward Rex ; the reverſe,
Uulfgar under the tront of a church, probably Welt-
minſter-Abby.
The thirty third is Berthu!f Rex, of the Mercians ;
of whom we have mentioned betore : the reverle is
The nineteenth is of Edmend ; I ſhould attribute
Byrnuuald,
'The thirty fourth is Anlaf Rex 10 do, the meaning
unknown ; the reverſe is Radulf, under ſuch a plant
as is alfo in a coin of St. Edward's.
The thirty titth is 2 very old face, if of any 1 fup-
poſe ic mult be of St. Edward ; the reverſe is Toorr on
Eeferwic,
The thirty fixth St. Neg/in, T have already de-
clared that I knew not who he was.
The thirty ſeventh ſeems to be of an Iriſh Prince,
to me unlegible.
The thirty eighth is Edwin Rex. This ſeems to
have been the giorious King of the Northumvers 3
who being torced out of his countrey by a cruel
and tyrannical Uſurper, berook t1micit to Redwaid
Kinz of the Eaſt-Angles ; who ailo alter many pro-
mites and threats, agreed to deliver him up to his
L 2 enemy.
Cl
L. _ _ 4 % : "s : = I * : : 6
| The twenty tourth is of King E4gr, of whom we 24:
; have ſpoken betore,
2F.
PMA 15" 8, 2%?
PC INTEGER rt ED" Ms 25) M6. cre I 7
% 09% 9 TAE
CO
_—
Ee OR -
enemy. Ar which time the worthy Edwm was com. |
They are
otten
called by
vur W11-
rers by A
muiltal&
Dact Da-
hen.
long ſince hifs'd out of the School of Antiquity, along
with Goropius's derivation from @ hewne. Andreas
Danes.
ao
Þ OILS _—_ — _—
torted by a meſſage from God, promiting him ſafety,
his Kingdom, &c. And laying his right hand upon
Eqdwin's head, bad him remember that fign ; which
when it came to paſs, he ſhould receive the Goſpel.
This Edwin faithfully promiſed, and atterwards faith-
fully performed, as may be read in Venerable
Pede in his ſecond book of the Eccl. Hiſtory, which
in greateſt part is concerning this valiant, victorious,
relig:ous Prince. His converſion fell out in the year
of Chriſt 627, The reverle 1s Sefwel 07 Eofermic.
The thirty ninth hath a coronet upon his helmet.
eAthel, Rex may either be Enrhelred, Ethelwolf, or
Etheiſtan ; though the face repreſents none of them ;
The reverſe is not legible.
The fortieth is taken out of Dr. Plo*s hiſtory of
Oxfordſhire ; it was found in digging the works at
Oxon, and is in the poſſeſſion of Sir Fobn Holman
"Tis fuppoſed to be the gold given by St. Edward the
Conteflor at his curing the Scrophbulze, or the Kings
Ewil. Ir is worth noting that it hath upon it the h-
gure of a woman veiled, as it ſeems in the habit of
a Nun; whether of the Blefſed Virgin, or ſome
other ho'y woman, I cannot determine. But it
ſeems much more proper for that funtion, than that
now uſed of an Angel ; which was taken from the
French.
It remains that we declare whence we received theſe
coins. HA were ſuch as were found in making a burial-
place at Harkirk in the Pariſh of Sephronin Lancaſhire.
J'S, is John Speed in his Chronicle ; which he co-
pied out of Sir John Cotton's ſtore in his famous li-
brary.
WC, are thoſe which were with great care, judg-
ment, and expence, colle&ted by that moſt worthy
and ingenious treaſurer of ancient learning Mr. Wil-
liam Charleton ; whoſe kindneſs deſervos a greater
teſtimony than this place permits.
RT, is Mr. Ralph Thoresby, of Leeds in York-
ſhire; who by his great induſtry hath augmented his
father's conſiderable ſtock of this ſort of knowledge.
CH, is Mr. Charles Hills, very well known by his
eminent skill in all natural and alſo antique learning.
DP, is Dr. Plot, well known every where ; D'T
Dr. Trumball; W K is Will. Kingſley Eſq; of Can-
terbury. Divers alſo of them are in our own poſleſ(-
ſ10n.
DANES.
they themſclves are in a great mea: |
ſure at a loſs to know. That Da-
»«s the giant, fon of Humblus, is
VV
Hat the ah 9s of the * Danes was, |
to quarrel with their fathers or grandfathers, and ſome.
times amongſt themſelves, about eſtates ; the land they
then had not being large enough for them, Upon which,
according to an ancient cuſtom, a number of their young
| men were muſter” d up by lot, and driven into foreign parts,
fo cut out their fortunes with the ſword. When they Were
| ready to be diſpatched away, their cuſtom was to ſacrifice Reig:Ht
WP v4 9
Velleius, a Dane and a learned man, ferches it from
the Dabi a people of Scythia, and © Marc, which
does not ſignitie bounds, but a countrey. Our country-
man Fthelwerd was of opinion that the name
Iars 8
® Fro
our la
day. |
to * Thur, the God whom they anciently worſhip'd ; not
with ſheep, or oxen, but the blood of men. xs the
look'd upon as the moſt precious of all ſacrifices : and after
uld dye, they were
| |
# 7
/
| |
#\ |
|.
|
p
|
|
:
Y
came from the city Donia. For my part, I always
chought that they were the polterity ot the Danciones,
plac'd by Ptolemy in Scandia (who by the change of
a letter, are in ſome copies call'd Dauciones) and that
from thence they flock'd into Cimbrica Cherſoneſms,
which the Angles had left : untilthe learned and moſt
judicious aftiquary Jonas Facobus Venuſinns, made a
very curious diſcovery of ſome plain reliques of the
Daniſh name in the Sinus Codanus, and Codanonia,
which Pomponius Mela mentions in thoſe parts.
the Prieſt bad determm'd by lot who
barbarouſly knock'd on the head with yokes of oxen, and
kild at one ſtroak, Each of them who were to die by
lot, having their brams daſld cut at a ſingle blow, were
afterwards ſtretch'd upon the ground, and ſearch was
made for the fibre on the left ſide, that w, the wein of
the heart. Of thus they us'd to take the blood, and throw
it upon the heads of ſuch as were defigw'd for a march :
and imagining that this had won the ; aief. le the Gods,
they immediately ſet to ſea, and fell to their ozrs, There
er OR
was another way the Danes had of appeaſing their
Gods, or rather of running into moſt deteſtable fu-
perſtition ; which Dirmares, a Biſhop, and an au-
thor of ſomewhat greater antiquity than Dudo, thus
deſcribes. But becauſe I bave heard ſtrange things F Lib. i
the ancient ſacrifices of the * Normans and Danes, I would « yy4
wot willingly paſs them over, There is a place in thoſe mm
parts, the capital city of that Kingdom call”d Lederun,
m the province of Selon. There they meet once every
Theſe names the northern people pronounc'd groſly
Cdn and Cdanomum, but Meia to reduce them to the
genius of the Latine, made them Codamm and Coda-
noniam z as after-ages mollihed Gdamuwm into Dansk,
Chdovans into Ledonic, Knutus 1nto Cammus. No
mention is made of them before the time of Juſti-
nian the Emperor, about the ycar of our Lord 570.
For about that time, they had made inroads into
France ; and the Latin-writersof the hiſtory of Eng-
land call them IViccingi, from their trade of piracies, | »ine years, in Fanuary, a little after our Twelfth-day,
IWicciuga (as we are allurd by Alfric) ſignifying in Saxon | and offer to their Gods 99 men, and as. many borſes ;
a pirate. They hkewiſe term them Pagani (the Pagans) | with dogs and cocks for hawks ; being fully perfwaded (as
becauſe at that time they were not converted to the | 7 obſerv*d before) that theſe things were moſt acceptable
Chriſtian Religion. But the Engliſh themſelves in | 70 them.
their own language callthem Deniſcan, and very com- | About the time of King Egbert, in the 800 year of Tjen
monly Heathou mon. Give me leave to ſet down here | Chriſt, they firſt diſturb'd our coaſts; afterwards i *
g = F7 . . . ders
what Dudo of St. Quintin, an author of conliderable | making havock of every thing, and plundering over
antiquity, has ſaid concerning theſe Danes ; as I had | all England, they deſtroy'd Cities, burnt Churches,
it out of the library of that indefatigable antiquary | waſted the lands, and with a moſt barbarous cruelty
Fehn Stowe, a Londoner, to which I had always free | drove all before them ; ranſacking and over-turning
acceſs. The Dames, like bees of a hive, for confuſion, and | every thing. They murder*d the Kings of the Mer-
ofier a barvacus manner with their ſwords drawn, | cians and Eaſt-Angels, and then took poſleflion of
var d om of Scanza (4.6. Scandia) after that their | their kingdoms,with a great part of that of Northum-
leachorous beat had improwd them to ſuch an infinite | berland. To pur a ſtop to theſe outrages, a heavy
number, For when th: 'y were grown up, their way Was | AX was impos'd Upon the miſerable Inhabitants,called
In the
Margin,
7h frous,
O- fabuls
hy po
Ut f70r 4 48
/ e vendl-
f af,
TIE 0-9»
- ee A ee A EC TOES
14 ICC nga.
a Marc think is never vs'd to figaihe 2 Cormtrey ; our Marches 'tis trug con:ain a certin plot or quantity of ground ; but th n th? original of
che 2ume was thu being fronticrs, os bundle
| Dane.
O—_—
Lint
Normans.
cliv
ogelr: * Dangelt ;, the nature whereof this paſſage taken out
: of our old Laws does fully diſcover. The Pirates gave
firſt occaſion to the peying Danigeld. For they mace ſuch
havock of this nation, that they ſeem*d to aim at nothing
but its utter ruine. And to ſuppreſs their inſolence, it was
enafted, that Danigeld ſhould yearly be paid (which was
rxelve pence for every bide of land in the whole nation )
:0 maintain ſo many forces as might withſtand the Incur.
frons of the Pirates. All Churches were exempt from this
Danigeld ; nor did any land in the immediate poſſeſion
of rbe Church, contribute any thing ; becauſe they put more
confidence in the prayers of the Church, than the defence
of arms.
But when they came to diſpute the cauſe with Al.
fred, King of the Weſt-Saxons, he, what by retreats,
and what by attacks, did not only by force of arms
drive them out of hisown territories, but likewiſe flew
the Deputy-Governor of the Mercians, and in a man-
ner clear'd all Mercia of them. And his ſon, Edward
the Elder, proſecuting his Father's conqueſts, recover'd
the Country of the Eaſt-Angles trom the Danes ; as
Athelſtan his ſpurious fon, to crown their victories,
(after a great ſlaughter of them,) ſubduwd the King-
dom of Northumberland, and by his vigorous purſuit
put the Danes into ſuch a fright, that part of them
quirted the kingdom, and the reſt furrendred them-
ſelves. By the courageot thoſe Princes was England
deliver'd out of that gulph of miſeries, and had a
reſpite of 5o years from that bloody war. Burt after
/Mthelred, a man of a cowardly ſpirit, came to the
Crown, the Danes railing treſh hopes out of his dull-
neſs, renew'd the war, and made havock of the na-
tion, till the Engliſh were forc*d to purchaſe a Peace
with annual contributions. And fo infolently did
they behave themſelves, that the Engliſh form'd a Plor,
| and in one night ſlew all the Danes through the whole
nation,to aman: imagining thatſo much blood would
—
— --- — OOO EEE Ee
—— —— —
I OE
quench the flaming fury of that people ; and yet as it
happen'd, it did but add more tuel to it. For S#co,
King of the Danes, incens'd by that general mallacre,
invaded England with a powerful army, and pulth'd
forwards by an enraged ſpirit, put Ethelred co flight,
conquer®d the whole nation, and lett ir to his fon
* Canutus. He, after a long war with Ethelred,who #* cur in
was then return'd, and his fon Edmond, firnanvd 'Þ- Coins.
Ironſide, but without any deciſive battle, wasfucceeded TheDanes.
by his two ſons, Harald his ſpurious one, and Canu- England
rus the Bold. After the death of theſe, the Daniſh 200 years,
yoke was ſhaken off, and the government return'd c—— Y
to the Engliſh. For Edward (whole ſanctity gain'd _. :
him the name of Corfeſſor, the ſon of Ethelred by a {72%
ſecond wite,) recover'd the Regal Dignity. England fetbr.
now began to revive; but preſently (as the Poer ſays)
Mores rebus ceſſere ſecunds,
The loads of Fortune ſunk them into vice,
The Clergy were idle, droufie, and ignorant ;
the Laity gave themſelves over to luxury, and aloof:
way of living; all diſcipline waslaidaſide; the State,
like a diſtemper'd body, was conſum'd with all forts
of vice : but Pride, that forerunner of deſtruction,
had of all others, made the greateſt progreſs. And
as Gervaſius Dorobernenfis obſerves of thoſe times, -
They ran (0 headlong upon wickedneſs, that *rwas look 4
upon as & crime, to be ignorant of crimes. All theſe things
plainly tended to ruine. The Engliſh at that tine
(ſays William of Malmesbury) #4 cloatbs that did not
reach beyond the middle of the knee ; their heads were
ſborn, their beards ſhaven, only the upper lip was always
let grow to its full length. Their arms were even loaded
with golden bracelets , and their skin all ſet with painted
marks. The Clergy were content with a ſuperficial ſort of
learning, and had much ado to hammer cut the word; of t he
Sacraments,
— —
ee nn Or CE CCRS
b i, &. 8 certain ſum paid to the Danes, from the Saxon Gyldan, to pay ; and thence our Tield.
S in former ages, the Franks firſt, and af.
rerwards the Saxons, coming out of that
Eaſt-Coaſt of Germany (as 1t lies from us)
I mean the more Northerly parts of it ;
plagud France and Britain with their Piracies, and
at laſt became maſters; the Franks of France, and the
Saxons of Britain : ſo in ſucceeding times, the Danes
firſt, and then the Normans, follow'd the ſame me-
thed, came from the ſame Coaſt, and had the ſame
luccels. As if providence had fo order'd it,that thoſe
men, to make havock of France and Britain, and
eſtabliſh new kingdoms in them.
They had their name fromthe Northern parts, from
whence they came, (for Nordmanni ſignifies no more
than Northern men) in which ſenſe they are likewiſe
term'd © Nordleudi, i. e. Northern people, as being
the flower of the Norwegians, Suedes, and Danes.
In the time of Charles the Great, they carry'd on their
trade of Piracies in ſuch a barbarous manner, both in
Friſeland, England, Holland, Ireland, and France ;
that that Prince when he ſaw their veſlels in the Me-
diterranean, cry*d out with a deep ſigh, and tears in
_ his eyes; How am I troubÞ'd, that they ſhould venture
upon thas coaſt, even while I am living. 1 plainly foreſee
ao: What a plague they are like to prove to my ſucceſſors.
' And in thepublick Prayersand Litanies of the Church,
there was afterwards inſerted, From the fury of the
Danes, Goed Lord deliver us. They broughtthe French
to ſuch extremities, that Carolus Calvus was forc'd
to buy a truce of Haſting, the commander of the
Norman Pirates, with the Earldom of Chartres : and
mm
——
parts ſhould conſtantly produce and ſend out a ſet of
|
The NORMANS.
Carolus Craſſus gave Godfrid the Norman part of
Neuſtria with his daughter. Atlaſt, by force of arms,
they fix'd near the mouth of the Seine, in thoſe parts,
which formerly by a corruption had been calld New-
ſtria, as being part of Weſtraſia, (for ſo the middle-age
writers term 1t:) the Germans ſtild it Weſfterriich, i.e.
the Weſtern kingdom: it contains ail between the
Loyre and the Seine to the ſea.-ward, They afterwards
calPd it Normannia, 1. e. the Country of the Northern
men, 1o ſoon as Carolus Simplex had made a grant
of it in Fee to their Prince Rollo (whoſe Godtather
he was) and had given him his daughter to wite.
When Rollo (as we are inform'd by an old Manuſcripr
belonging to the Monaſtery of Angiers) bad Ner-
mandy made over to him by Carolus Stultus, with his
dau ; th Giſla ; he would not ſubmit to kiſs Charles'”s foot.
pn when hu friends urg*d him by all means to kiſs the
Kings faot in pratitude for ſo great a favour, he made
anſwer in the Engliſh tongue, NE SE BY GOD, thaz
#, No by God. Upon which the King and his Ceour-
tiers deriding him, and corruptly repeating bs anſwer,
calPd him Bigod ; from whence the Normans are to this
day term'd Bigodi. For the fame reafon cis poſlible
the French call hypocrites, and your ſuperſtzious fort
of men, Bigods,
This Rollo, who at his Baptiſm was named Revert,
is by ſome thought to have turn'd Chriſtian our of de-
ſign only : but by others, not without deliberation,
Newſtr is.
B.ged.
and piety. Theſe latter add, that he was mov*d toit
by God in a Dream; which (tho' Dreams are athing
I do not give much heed to) I hope I may relate
without the imputation of vanity, as I find it atteſted
—l—
* From the Saxcn Leod, 2 people or nation,
—_— —
by
| (OVID LW A” 2 144 STR
AAR.+ » Way! DRIED EA Fer TVS vu A I YG EAI - aa Me oi ne i I Lia _ .
OS Woe coca EReIrene eas atnent Lean: av, 4 _ p
eee ie rn EET Ing Ce en IE EEG.
Mormans.
——
_ —
by the writers of that age, The ftory goes, that as
Lc was a fiecp in the ſhip, he ſaw tamſcit deep:y in-
l 3
fd with the leproſie; but waihing ina clear 1pring
a high hill, he recover'd, and attcr-
—_ _—— — —
AT £550 bottoti 7
wargs VWCnt up to te ills oP. Thais lic told a Chit-
[tian captive 1n the fame ſhip, who gave him tlic hol-
lowing 1merpretation ot it. Thatths /epr:/ie was ite
abominabie worſrip or idols, with wich he was de-
hid ; the Srrirg was the holy liver of regeneration :
wherewith bein? once cleans'd, he might climb tne.
mountain, that 13, attaintogreat honour, and heaven
it felt.
o araeh This Rollo had a fon calld William, but firnani'd
&. Tug Spata, fiom a long ſword he usd to wear.
William's foa was Richarda the firſt oi that name,who
was ſucceeded by his fon and grand-chi!d, both R:-
chard, Bur Richard the third dying without iſſue,
his brotiee Robert came to the Dukedom, and had a
{gn Ly Ins concubine, nam'd Wiltym, who 1s com-
monly called the Conqueror, and Bfftard, Allthelc
were Princes very eminent for their atchievements,
both at home and abroad. Whilſt William, come to
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ccurage, be ſtrange; inſnuated himſelf wmto the affect tons
of the people, As 1:9 one threw himjelf in40 danger with
more chearfuine/s, [0 in the greateſt extremities no man Was
| /o ready withadwice, He had ſo ſignalt2,*d bis courage and
(ſucceſs in the Welſh wars, (which he had ſome time vefore
| happily brought to an end) that he was look*d upon «s 4
=. a - 4 h p , » wo | J ) 6
man's eſtate, was Duke of Normandy ; Edward the ; 0ſt ace ompliſh d General, and ſeem'd to be born on purpoſe
Ho!y, firnam'd Con/efſir, King of England, and laſt |
ot the Saxon Line, to the great griet of his ſubjects, |
departed this life. He was fon of Emma, a Coulin
of William's, (as being daughter to Richard the tilt,
Duke ot Normandy) and whilſt he liv'd under ba-
niſhmcnt in Normandy, had made William a promiſe
of the next revertion of the Crown of England. But
Haro!d, the fon of Godwin, and Steward of the Hou-
ſhold Funder Edward] got poſleflion of the Crown :
upon which his brother Toſto on one hand, and the
Normans. Normans orl the other, lay out their utmoſt endea-
vours to dethrone him. Afffrer he had flain his bro-
ther Tolto and Harald, King of Norwey, (whom
Toſto had drawn in to his afliſtance) in a ſet-battle
near Sramford-bridge in Yorkſhire, and fo (tho' not
without great damage) had gain'd the victory
within leſs than nine days, William firnam'd Baſtard,
Duke of Normandy, (building upon the promiſes of
Edward lately deceas'd, as alſo upon his adoption,
and relation to Edward) rais'd a powertul army, and
landed in England in Suflex Harold preſently ad-
vanc'd towards hini z tho? his ſoldiers were harraſs'd,
and his army very much weaken'd by the late fight.
Not far from Haſtings they engag'd ; where Harold
putting hinxelf forward into the heat of the battle,
and ſhowing great courage, loſt his lite. Abundance
of the Engliſh were ſlain, tho” it would be almoſt im-
pothble to find out the exact number. William, after
he had won the day, march'd through Walingferd,
with a barbarous army towards London, where he
Charter of Was 1Cceiv'd and inaugurated ; The kingdom (as him-
-Sqroas ſelf expreſſes it) being by divine Providence defignd for
De, * bim, and granted by the favour of bs Lord and Couſin
the plorieus King Edward, And a little after he adds,
That the bounteons King Edward bad by adoption made him
heir to the Crown of England. Tho), if the hiſtory of
S. 26h 5 ef Caen may be credited, theſe were the laſt
Riftory of WOTrds he ſpoke upon his death-bed. The Regal Dia-
Sr. Ste= dem, which none of my Predeceſſors wore, 1 gam'd, not
Monaſtery by any hereditary title, but by the favour of Almighty
*r Cam God, Andalittle after; I name no heir to the crown of
<7 England, but commend 'it wholly to the eternal Creator,
whoſe T am, and in wheſe had
not an pereditary right that put me in poſſeſſion of this
honour, but by a deſperate engagement and much blood.ſhed,
I nreſted it from that perjur'd King Harold, and havin
ſtain or Put 70 flis 2t all bas abettors, made my ſelf Maſter
cf i.
But why am I thus ſhort upon fo conſiderable a re-
volition of the Britiſh State ? If you can but have the
patience to read it, take what I drew up ('tis poſſible
with lictle accuracy or thought, but hawever, with
the exacrnebot an hiltory) when raw and young, ve-
to {attic the Engliſh Gouernment, Aorecver, tas 10d
the Danes (who were at that time the only dread of ths
nation) would be more favourable to hims, as being ihe jon of
Guha, Siſter to Dueno King of Denmark, From wht ethet
parts ſoever attempts whether foreign or domeſtick, might
be made upon him, he ſeem'd ſufficiently ſecur*d again};
them by the «ffections of the Commonalty, and his relation
to the Nobility, He married the ſiſter of Morcar and
Edwin, who at that time bore by much the greateſs ſway :
and Eadric, (ſirnam'd the Wild) a mon of an high ſpirit,
and great authority, was his near kin/man. 1; fell cut too
very luckily, that at the ſame tune Sueno the Dane ſhould
be engag*d in the Snediſh wars : and there was an ill un-
derſt anding between William the Norman ard Philip King
of France. For Edward the Confeſſor, while be lived un-
der baniſhment in Normandy, had made this William an
expreſs promiſe of the Crown, in caſe himſelf died without
iſſue. And Harold (who was then kept priſoner in Nor-
mandy) was bound under a ftritt oath to fee it perform#'d,
and made ths one part of the conditon, that be might
marry the Duke's daughter, Fer theſe reaſons, a great ma-
ny theught it moſt adviſable, to make a preſent of the
Crows to the Duke of Normandy, that by diſcharging the
promiſe, the might prevent beth the war that then threatned
them, 06 ; deſtruttion, the certain puniſhment of perjury 5
as alſo, that by the acc«ſjien of Normandy to England, the
government might be eft abliſhed in the bands of ſo great
a Prince, and the intereſt of the nation very much ad-
wanc'd, But Harold quickly cut off all debates that look'd
that way ; for tinding that delays would be danperoes, the
very day Edward was bury'd, contrary ro all mens ex-
pectation he poſſeſſed himſelf of the governnent 4 and
with the applauſe of thoſe about him who proclaimed him
King, without ali ceremony of inaugwrarion, put on the
diadem with bus own hands, Th att on of hs very much
diſguſted the Clergy, who locked upen it as a breach of
Religion. But, as he was ſenſible huw difficult it 245 for
a young Prince to eſtabliſh bus government without the re-
putaticn of piety and wirtue ;, to cancel that erime, and
to ſettle bimſelf on the throne, he bent ll has thoughts tc-
wards promoting the intereſt of the Church, and the dignity
of Monaſteries, He ſhow'd E ugar eA.thelimg Earl of Ox-
s are all things. *Twas | fotd, and the reſt of the Nobility, all th: furvour imaginable ;
he eas d the people of a great part of their Faxes ; be beſtowed
vaſt ſums of money upon the pocr ; an! in ſwrt, what by rhe
{moot bneſs of his diſcourſe, patience in bearing others, and
equity m all cauſes, be gamed himſclf' a wonderful love
and authority, So ſcon as William, Duke of Normandy,
had certain intljgence of thoſe matiers, he pretended to be
infinitely affiifted for the death of Edward ;: when all the
while the ihing that lay npon his ffomach, was his being
diſappointed of England, which be had fa long promiſed
himſelf. Without more ado, by advice of his Council, be
ry unke for fuch an undertaking, I had a detign to ſends over Embaſſeders to remind Harold & hs promiſe
write the hiftory of our nation in Latin.
Th- Nor.
nan Cor-
qucit,
Dward the Confeſſor?s dying Without iſſue, put the No.
bility and Commenalty into a great diſtrattion about
2.21118 the new Kino, E dear, commonly cclled Xtheling .
- An tos we : : ”
I, Etmund Ironfide's * great great grandchild ty his ſon, was
and engagement ; and to demnd the Crewn, Har, ll,
after mature deliberation, re!urned bim this anfiver, That
as to Edward? prom! e, 12 Crown of Evioland could net
be diſpoſ ed of by promiſe ; nor Was be obliged to fake nctice
of it, ſince be governed by right of elitt:iin, and not any
F ?
/ . . P ' * ,
vereditary (Hitt, HH 4 FY WP ts CONC PCH ES ES APE Ne,
: Ln)
+ JA F
[vii
UC GIS
Normans.
that was plainly extorted by force, treachery, and the fear
of perpetual impriſonment ; did likewiſe tend to the ma-
nifeſt damage
of the Nobility ; and therefore be look'd upon #t as nult in
u ſelf. That if be con make good his promiſe , be
ought not ; or if he would, that it was not in bis power,
berng made without the knowledge of the = Or CONCUT -
rence of the Peaple, That the demand ſeem'd bighly un.
reaſonable, for bim to ſurrender the government t0 a Nor-
man Prince, who was altogether a ſtranger ; when be
bad been inveſted with it by the unanimous conſemt of all
Orders, The Norman Duke did not wery well reliſh this
anſwer, but plainly percerved that Harold was ſeeking
cut ways to avoid the perjury. Upon which, be ſent
over another Embaſſy on the ſame errand, to put bim in
mind of the ſtriftneſs of bis Oath ;, and that dammation
from God, and diſgrace among men, are the certain re.
wards of perjury. But becauſe William's daughter (who
as betroth'd to Harold, was @ tye upon bim for the diſ-
charge of his promiſe ) was now dead ; they were enter-
tained with ſo much the more coldneſs, and returned with
the (ſame anſwer as the firſfF. In all appearance there was
nothing like to enſue but opew war, Harold prepares a
tes haks ſoldiers, places gariſons the [ca-coafts as
be ſees comvenient ; in ſhort, omits not -— —- may any
way contribute towards repelleng the
mans. In the
mean time, what was never before ſo much as —_—
the firſt ſtorm of the War comes from Toffo, Harold”:
own brother. He was a man of a bi b ſpirit and cruel
temper ; and bad for ſome time preſided over the King.
dom of Nori humberland with great inſolence ; till at laſt
for bis barbarows dealings with imferiors, i carriage
towards hu Prince, and a mortal hatred to bis own bre-
thren, be was caſhiered by Edward the Confeſſar, and
went over into France, And at this juntthure, puſhd
forward in all probability by Baldwin Earl of Flanders,
drawn in by William Duke of Normandy, ( for Toffo and
William had married two of Earl Baldwin's bters)
he declares open war againſt bis brother, whom be bud for
a time mortally bated. He. ſet ont from Flanders
with 60 ſail of Prrate-veſſels, waſted the Ile of Wight,
and very much infefted the Kentiſhcoaſt : but being fright-
ed at the oach of the Royal Navy, he ſet ſail, and
ſteered his courſe towards the more remate parts of Eng-
land, landed in Lincolnſhire, and plundered that County.
There be was engaged by Edgar and Morcar, end de-
feated : then yy, for Scotland, with a deſign to renew
the war, Now were all thaughts in ſaſpence with the
expetl ation of a double aſſault, one from Scatland, another
from Nor ;. and 1heir jealouſies were heighten'd by
| the dreadful appearance of a Comet at Eaſter, for about
ſeven days togerber. This (as it commonly does im trouble-
ſome times) ſet the diſtratted brains 4 the people a work-
ing, to preſage what miiſeries would follow upon it, But
Harold after be had curiouſly viewed every part of rhe
King dom, fortified the Sout s with gariſons, He
Was mt a of much danger from Scotland and,
- Toſto, becauſe * Mil-Columbus King of Scots was divoert-
ed with civil wars. In the mean time, William 1as con-
tunually thinking of a deſcent into. England, He now and.
then adviid with hu pany Fr - found them cheerful.
and full of bopes, but all be difficulty was bow to procure
money to carry on ſo important a war. For upon a propoſal:
made at a publick meeting of the States of Ne 4-
bout raiſing a , it was wrg'd, That the Nation was
ſo exhauſted by their former wars with _— _—y
they ſhould 0 19.4 NeW War, |
ut even Wy 7, ly : thas: Ire 3 was rather
to ſecure their cam, than toimuade anorber s domingons 3
that bow juſt ſorver the was might" be, there 1was no
great neceſſity for it, and that in all probability. it would
prove of ous conſequence : And laſtly, that the
Normans were nat bound by their r_ to ſerve in fo-
reign wars. . No conſiderations __ fo rae
IN nes though William * Fitz,osbert, @ man ge-
nerally belo gant, Sagas and people, promored it with
the utmoſt zeal; and to encourage others, engaged to build
40 ſhips at bu own charge. for the ervice of the war,
2 Ok SP {appoimted in a publick meet -
ing, tries other metbods ; and
ther one by one, ſpeaks them fair, and deſires that each
Would contribute ſomething. towards the war, Thu drove
them to a ſort of emulation, who ſhould be moſt aſſiſt ing
of the Nation, and infringe the o__ |
| neceſſit
—_—_
ending for the wealthieſt of
to bur Prince, and made them promiſe largely ; and an ac-
count being taken of ali the contributions, a (um beyoud
what could reaſonably be expetted, was rais'd almoſt in
an inſtant. After matters were thus far &iſpatch:d, he
ſollicites his meigbbouring Princes for aids, the Earl of
Anjou, Poictou, Mayne, and Bulloigne, with rb:
encouragement, that they ſhowld have therr ſhare of lands
n Englond Next, be applies himſelf to Philip King of
France , and promiſes, that im caſe he contributes bis a:
fiſt ance, be will take an oath of fealty, and bold England
under biym. But conſidering that it 14s not by any means
tbe intereſt of France, that the neighbouring Norman, whb3
already did not ſeems muchto value them, ſhould be ftrength.
ned b the addition of England, (as Princes are always
Jealous of the growing power of their neighbours) Philip
was ſo far from encouraging the defign, that be us d all
means io drovert him from anvading of England. But
not bi [Aorwas — bim off his reſolution 5 wherein be was
now raved and juſtified by the authority of Pape 1.
lexander, (This Agra Age tine be 7, & p a
Juriſdittun over Princes : and he approved the cauſe, [ent
bim a conſecrated banner as 4 token of bis wittory and em-
pire, and excommunicated all that ſhould cppoſe him.)
Upon this be raifed what forces be could, and gut together
a vaſt fleet to S. Valeric's (a town at the mouth of the
river Some) where he lay windbmwand for ſeme time; and
in order to bave a fair wind, be ſpar'd neither prayers,
nor off erings to S. Valeric, the Saint of that plice. Ha-
rold, after be bad a long time watched bis coming, had
reſolved to dishand bis army, lay up his ſhips, and leave
the ſea-coafts ;, partly becauſe proviſions bigan to fail
him, and partly becauſe 1be Earl of Flanders bad aſſured
bim that Williams bad no deſign upon England that year,
Which be the rather believ'd, becauſe at that time of year,
putting to ſea wourd be dangerous, when the eAEqui-
nox was juſt at band. While be vas ſettling theſe matters,
all on a ſudden an unexpetted invaſion puts him uudey a
of getting his army together. For Harold fir-
Durus, a»d Hartager, King of Norwey (ho
bad for a long time prey'd the northern parts of Bri.
tam, and poſſeſs'd bimſelf of the Iſles of Orkney) was
drawn over by Toſto, out of a proſpett of the Kingdom of
England, and emered the river Tine with about 501 r0-
vers, where be was joined by Tofto, After they had for
[ome time been mp baveck of thoſe parts, they weighed
anchor, and ſailing along the coaſts of Yorkſhire, came
into FHhanber ; where they plundered all round them, with
the utmoſt crucky of an enemy, But to ſep their progreſs,
Edwin and Meorcar, two Earls, attacked them with a con-
ro , unadiſciplined army ; which being overpowered by
| ians, ran away. A good many, among(s
whom were the two Earls, made a ſhift to get «ff, 4
the greateſt number was drowned in their paſſage over the
river Oule. <2 ans, without more ado, -— og
to lay frege'to York ; but hoſtages given on both files,
the 9 Was rendered, 1 Ns ter, Harold 3h
got bus who in a body, marches towards York ;
and from thence, towards the Norwegians , who had en.
camped. in very advant . Behind, they were
ſecured by the ſea z on , by the river Humber,
where. their fleet rid at anchor ; on the right and front,
by the rover Derwem, Notwithſtanding all this, Harold
attacked them very vigorouſly, and the firſt skirmiſh was
at 8 * bridge over the river
ſingle Norwegias bore
Engliſh army, till at laſt he was ſhot dead, Next the
battle was removed to the camp, where the advantages
on both fides were I for awhile, At laſt on the Nor-
wegians fide the ranks were broken z and Hareld King of
4 with Toſto, and the greateſt part of ther army
was ſlain. The booty which Harold got by - yon
Was iderable ; gold and ſilver m great plenty, an:
ami” 2s gs ha fleer, except hwy ſmall weſſels,
which be gave Paul Earl of the Orcades, and Olavns,
( ow of Harold ho was ſlain) to carry off their wounded ;
te laking an oath of them that they ſhould never again
difturb England. Harold was exceedingly beartened with
the wittery, and begun to hope that be ſhould be a terrour
to the Normans ; though hu own ſubjett 5 began to bate
bim for not diſtributing the [pail amongſt the {« uldiers,
All bs thoughts were ſpent in the ſettlement of the na-
tion, which eſpecially in thoſe parts was in a miſcr«blz
condition, In the mean time, William the Norman got 4
fawVoue
-.
clviii
Derwent, where "tis [aid one * Stanford
wp for ſome time agar the whole w_
IP, POL meg EW Pc Oe en os Sas»
—— TY PVRS >, arr BY BAY, ce Dera) Gm. 6 96s +
_—_ mY LIC AGILE wm IAEA 267 orgs 3
by N = -, ETSY ATTY + _ IEC — 45 Ws
Normans.
favourable wind : he ſet ſail about the end of September,
and having a gentle gale, landed with his whole fleet at
Pemſey in Suſſex. He found the toaſt clear ; and to
cut off all encouragement for running away, fir*d the Ships,
After he had bail a caſtle there for retreat, he went for-
wards to Haſtings, where he built another, and put m it
a gariſon, Next, he peg1 oe the reaſons of inroaſion ;,
To revenge the death of his kinſman Alfred, whom among
a great many other Normans, Godwin, Harold's father,
had ſlain ; To take ſatufattion for the injuries Harold had
done, in baniſhing Robert _— of Canterbury, and
accepting the crown of England, contrary to bis on ex-
preſs Oath. He gave out a ſtrict order among his men,
that none ſhould plunder the Engliſh in a boſtile manner.
News of his whole proceeding were quickly brought to
Harold, who judging it moſt adviſable to engage the Nor-
man as ſoon as poſſible, diſpatches meſſengers to all parts,
deſires his ſubje&ts to ſtand true ts bim, gets his whole
army together, aud marches with all ogg to London,
IV liam ſent an Embaſſador to him there, who with a
great deal of importunity demanding the Crown, did [0
incenſe him, that he wery bardly reſtrained himſelf from
violence, His late vittory bad wrought him into ſo much
mmſolence and aſſurance, that it was a difficult thing to
bring him down. Forthwith he ſends Embaſſadors to Wl.
liam, with very ſevere threatnings of what be was to ex-
pect, unleſs he returned immediately to Normandy. Wil-
liam diſmiſs d them with a gentile anſwer, and a preat
deal of crvility. Harold in the mean time makes a pe-
neral muſter at London, and finds his forces co ably
leſſened by the late battle with the Norwegians ; but how.
ever makes up a ſtrong body out of the Nobility and others,
hoſe concern for the publick good had invoned them to
rake up arms. Preſently he marches into Suſſex, though
altogether contrary to the advice of his mother ; and with
a firm reſolution encamps ſcarce ſeven miles from the Nor-
man, William with his army advanced towards bim.
Spies were ſent out by both ſides. Thoſe of the Engliſh,
either out of ignorance or deſign, gave @ prodigions ac-
count of the number, preparations, and diſcipline of the
Normans. Upon this, Gythus, Harold"s younger brother,
a wery noted ſouldier, did not think it adviſable to run
the hazard of a deciſfve battle. He told the King, the
iſſue of all engagements was dubious ; that the wittory
depended mire upon fortune than courage ; that mature de.
liberation was the greateſt part of military diſcipline,
He adviſed him, mm caſe be had made any ſuch promiſe to | f+
William of the reverſun of the Kingdom, at leaſt not to
fight in perſon ; becauſe no forces could guard bim againſt
his own conſcience, and God would certamly puniſh every
breach of promiſe : that nothing could caſt a greater damp
upen the Normans, than to ſee a new army raiſed to en-
gage thom afreſh. He farther promiſed, that if he would
but truſt bim with the management of the fight, he would
diſcharge the duty of a faithful brother, and: @ ſtout Ge.
neral : that as he bad the ſupport of @ good conſcience,
he might the more eaſily defeat the enemy, or at leaſt die
mere happily in the ſervice of bis countrey. The Kin
& fo
wid not Ii h language, as thinking that it plainly
rended to the diſhonour of bis perſon. For as he could be
very well content to run the hazard of a battle, ſo the
imputation of cowardiſe was a thing he could not bear. As
for the charatter of rhe Normans, be made light of it ;
and could not think it conſifted with his dignity or former
vehavicur, now he was come to = laſt __ like a
coward to run for it ; and ſo to bring u imſelf an
eternal ſcandal, 4a, whom God & goo ac for
deſtruttion, he always infatuates. While theſe things were
going forward, William, out of a pious care for the in-
rercſt of Chriſtendom, and to prevent the effuſion of
Chriſtian blood, ſent out a Monk as a Mediator between
both. He propes'd theſe terms to Harold ; either wholly
to reſign up the government ; or 0wn it a tenure in fee
from the Norman ; or decide the matter in a ſimple combat
with William ; or at leaſt ſtand to the Pope's determinati-
on. But he, like a man that had no government over
himſelf, rejetted all propoſitions, and referr*d his cauſe
entirely to the tribunal of God. Next day (which was
rhe 141h of Offober ) be promiſed to give them battle ;
fooliſhly flattering himſelf with ſucceſs, becauſe 'twas bis
birth-day. That night the Engliſh ſpent in revels, feaſt.
ing, and ſhouting 3 but the Normans, in prayers for the
ſafety of their army, and for a victory, Next IE
by break of day they drew up both armies, In Hareld®s,
the Kentiſh men with their balberts were in the van ( for
by an old cuſtom they claimed the front of the battle ; )
in the rear was Harold and his brother, the Mediterra.
nean Engliſh and the Londoners. The wan the Nor.
man army was led up by Roger of Montgomery and WW.[-
liam Fitzosberne ; and conſiſted of the horſe of Amjou,
Perch, Maine, and Little Britain ; moſt whereof had
ſerved under Fergentas the Briton, The main battle,
made up of Poittovins and Germans, was commanded by
Geffrey Martel, and a German Stipendiary, In the rear
was the Duke himſelf with a ſtrong body of Normans,
and the flower of the Nobility, The Archers were mixt
through the whole army. The Normans, after a regular *c
ſhout, ſounded an alarm, and advanced forward.
They firſt charged them with a wolley of arrows from
all parts; and that being @ ſort of attack to which
the Engliſh were altogether ſtrangers , did very muc/)
affright them ; for they fell ſo thick, that they
thought the enemy was get into the midſt of their army.
Next, they vigorouſly charged the front of the Englijh,
who reſolving rather to die upon the ſpot, than retreat, kept
their ranks, and repulſed them with preat loſs, The
Normans attack*d them a ſecond time ; ſo they bore up
ſtoutly one againſt the other. Thus foot to foot, and man
to man, they were for ſome time wery warmly engaged ;
| but the Engliſh keeping cloſe in one body, maintained their
ound with ſo much bravery, that the Normans after they
ad been miſerably barraſſed, were for retreatmg, had
not William ated the part as well of a common ſoldier
as a General, and by his authority prevented them, By
this means was the battle continued, and the Norman
horſe ſent with all ſpeed to reinforce them, whilſt the
Engliſh were in a manner over-whelmed with the arrow: :
yet for all this they kept their ranks. For Harold be.
baving himſelf in every reſpett like a brave General, was
always ready with ſuccours ; and William on the other
fide was nothing inferior, He had two horſes killed under
bim ; and after he ſaw that nothing could be done by bare
force, he begun to att by ſtratagem. He ordered hu men
to ſound a retreat, and to grue ground, but ſtill to keep
their ranks. The Engliſh taking this for flight, thought
the day was certainly their own : whereupon they broke
their ranks, and never ſo much as doubting of the wittory,
parſued the enemy in great diſorder, But the Normans,
rallying their troops on a ſudden, renewed the battle, and
alling upon the diſordered Engliſh, kild great numbers of
them, whilſt they ſtood doubiful whether they ſhould run
or fight, But the greateſt part poſtmmg themſelves on the
bigher grounds, got into @ body, encouraged one another,
and oppoſed the Enemy with great reſolution, as if they
had made choice of that place for an honourable death.
At laſt, Harold was bot through the bead with an ar-
row, and there with bus two brothers, Githus and Ledf-
wine, loſt his life. Upon thus, Edwin and Morcar, with
ſome few who had ſaved their lives, made their eſcape
by flight (giving way 10 the band of providence, and
the preſent neceſ/ity) after they had fought without inter-
miles from ſeven a clock in the morning to the duck of
the evening. The Normans loſt in thu battle about 6000
men, and the Engliſh a far greater number. William
overjoyed with bu wvittory, ordered a ſolemm thankſgiving
' ro Almighty God, and fixed hu tent in the middle of the
ſlain; where he ſtayed that night. Next day, after he
bad buried his men, and gramed leave ro the Engliſh to do
the like ;, be returned to Haſtings to conſider of proper me-
thods bow to proſecute bis vittory, and to refreſh bs ſol-
diers, So ſoon as the news of this vittory reached Lon-
| don, and other cities of England, the whole Nation was
im a ſurpriſe, and in a manner ſtruck dead. Githa, the
King's mother, was ſo overcome with prief, that no way
could be found to comfort her. She humbly deſired of the
| Conqueror to grant her the bodies of ber ſons; which (be
buried in Waltham- Abby. Edwin ſent away Queen Al.
githa his ſiſter, inzo the more remote parts of the King-
dom. The Nobility deſired the people not to deſpair, and
org to conſider of methods how to ſettle the Nation.
The Archbiſhop of York, with the City of London, and
Sea-ſoldiers, (commonly called Poteſcarles) were for 5
making Eadgar Xing, and rencwing the war with William. ©
Edwin and Morcar were ſecretly contriving bow to get
the government into their their own hands, But the
| Biſhops, Prelats, and others upon whom the Pope's Ana-
thema
J. Rita
" Normans.”
.
> --” ooo — - « _— - . — - ”— G__= — — —____
mp" adviſa-
ings, reſolved be
{1 gm 15: Bo
ater terror
ſave frag bim, be drvi
art
: Morn
the Thar
ed wheres, nor could
gn) tengo The Clergy, to
, and cenſures
4. © He made them moſt
dyes were given, |
ribefion, oy ry ;
ao” be was. retefoed with
Tin
great joy and Me reins |
and ſaluted under the title of King. Next be prepares al
which be bed
and_in_ the mean time
the "em of the nation.
ernment in Bre- | [c
even yeats. (Thi re.
in the Kingdom, ſome imputed to the
athers 10-vhe ſuper ſtit ws lazineſs | are
fort, to the Comet w p
53 4 ing;
reaſhy ys, dif.
meceſſaries for
be on Cirme-den;
bed fon bundred au
bidlen, but _
But others, who
es, threw it upon _ i
colour of religions
ſes 4
; $4, cauſes,
hy. ry 5g fe _— hcceſſion, and Sod
cbaſrity, to ſecuret'sd 0 e
LS mn yry cid / apo
HaraninBlentandbloodyri
Monks,who writ about 1t,dv
Kavita php
hand. William, as 2 token of hi
in Norman c
Nor can we
The Enenih
Hoc Normannorum Gulielmum noſce
By this the Norman owns great
On the other ſide,
by Fra, an indy ul
William, Duke.
Regem fateari eundens.
land owns the ſame, their King.
Fake (as William of Mal tells us) in imi-
, who would not bave thoſe Ger-
ſay = ns na in = # en. of Ardenna, and by
Pd bis army )
Mo Romans, as the G Jew whilft fo-
ſtroyed one another,
2theas bloodſhed : William took the ſame o med with
'he , Engliſh, For there were ſore, who
ortunate Harold, had
body of men, and returned three s
them, be diſpatched away an Engl
and let the Normans
battle * that
d over into
Denmark and 1
ny 2G
rh cg hea
live at their eaſe. For _—_
ſoever got the beſt, be found bu intereſt would
d. And ſoit proved: for woo. the Engliſh ha confeſles, that the _— enjoying their native
«| wa py > Tom one with ker, the ithey
| 20.2 webs "Ring without ay trouble. Ard in a-
nother place : ies the power of ' the Laity was de-
d, be mail. 4 rus dectir ation, that no Monk or The Fo.
C func of” the Engliſh # ation, ſhould. pretend to any E
chef bondurs. By which means it was,
= er bus death,” the viatives found fo little difficulty ; i”
"or. | tr out the foreigners, and recivering their ancient
- After he/had ſetled thoſe matters; his principal
care was to avoid the ſtorm of the Daniſh war, which
he faw hanging oyer him ; and even to purchaſe a
Peace. Onthis occaſion, he made Adalbert, Arcl-
mere f Hamburg, his inftrument. . For Adarn Bre-
Thert Was 8 | perpetual q warrel berween Sueno
d; but our Arch. biſh being brip'd to it
ay is med, ; it.” bas buſineſs to Þrike up @ peace be-
3] ren the rwo Kings, And indeed 'tis very* probable
can was one concluded ; for from that- time, En-
was never a rehenſive of the Danes, Willi-
ever it his whole buſinebs to maintain
ths di of his ernment,and to ſettle the King-
tom By rs wholſome Jaws. For Geyyaliue Tilburznſs
cells us, Thar
or the famous C of England
( King William )bad ſubdued the furthe fat of Lk and,
FE down the Rebels hearts ud examples 3
be in 4a "condition 0 Arn outrages fo
068 fo o bring bas Subje&ts wnder the obe-
him the
E ing to their «Se vhs divifion,
that Laws o Bag Engin, on ges Denton and Weſt-Sexenlage,
ome. of t hes, he To aſide, but approved others, and ad.
th far, _=
| ded to ther fuch of the foreign Norman Laws, as he found
"_l conducxue to the peace of the Kingdom, Next (as we
red Jour »
by | lived @ that time) he
mide all the inhabitants of E d do jo Wrnoge. and
ſalear fealty ti him againſtrall Wbers, | a ſurvey
Al whole nation, /o that thirg as le Hide of
through all E Fs knew the value of
1 it, orgy apo Not a lake, or any. other place
whatſoever, bat it was rt giftred” in the King's Rolls,
with its revenue, vent, % 4 and Owner : according to
the: relation of certain taxers who wete picked out of =
Cownty tb deſtribe the oor ofa to [1 ' This Rell was
called thx. Roll of (vince, "od d by the En gliſh
| T dignity: "whereps be quite riceded from the taſine/s © x7
oe; yeh "Wife Jning alan the von] A «xo
Domeſday, . as being an univerſal and exa#t account of DER
renement in the whole nation. I the rather make. 2}. y
. | mention! of this Book, becauſe I ſhall have ocean, Govoſſins
to quote it hereafter, "under the name of 1a
Tax-book, The Notice of England, the Celſng-oee
Enpland, The I ers Ats, and The Survey
"os as to Polydore Virgil's aſſertion Ah
the Chooter| firſt t in the Far of Shan re "APs
there is nothing can be more falle. For 'is plain
from. Echelred's Laws,that it was uſed many years be-
fore that. Nor can a ſee apy reaſon, why e ſhould
call it 4 terrible Twelve men, IT are Free- Twelve
holders, and d according to Law, are picked ***
our 10 9 hood 3 Mt e are bound by oath _.
wo give in real opinion as to matter of fact;
Fearthe Cound on both des plead at the Bar,
the evidence produced ; then they take along
with them the depoſitions of both parnes, are _
confined, deny'd meat, drink, and fire till che
agree upon their verdict (unleb want of
er ſome of their lives.) As ſoon as they rn
delivered it in, he gives ſentence according to law:
And this method was looked upon by our wiſe Fore-
fathers to be the beſt for diſcovering truth, hinder-
ing bribes, and cutting off all partiality.
ow the Norman courage was,l refer you to
| other writers; 1 ſhall only obſerve, that being ſeated The War-
in the midſt of warlike Nations, they never made jx rage of
ſubmiffion their Ln but always arms. By force «>< Nor
of cheſe they poſſeſſed themſelves of the noble King.
doms of England and Sicilie. For Tancred, * Nephew
co Richard the Second, Duke of Normandy, and his * **2%
Sncceſlors, did many glorious exploits in Italy, drove
out the Saracens, fer up there a Kingdom of
their own. So that a Sicilian Hiſtorian ingenuouly
Soil,
-
clxiii
"The Divifon of Britain.
Clxy
Th. Faz-l
Irs, Ib. 6.
Decanu
Poſterig-
ris.
The En-
liſh,
wards to
the Empe-
yors of
Conſtan-
niqople.
Bar a'1gi.
feerce, E
flourifhing condition 3 fanmous
Soil, their Freedomy and. Chriſtianity, is | enycely.
owing to che Normans. Their behaviour allo in the
wars of the Holy land,got them great honour. , Which
gave Roger Hoveden occafionto ſay, That bold France,
after ſhe had experienced the Norman walour, drew back;
gland ſubmitted ; rich Apulia was reftored ta her
Jeruſalem, end "renowned
Antinch were both ſubdued. Since that time, England
has been equal for warlike exploits, and genteel E-
ducation, to the molt flouriſhing nations of the Chri-
ſtian world. So that the Engliſh have been peculiar-
ly made choice of for the Emperor of Conſtantino-
ple's guards.For (as our country man Malmsbury has
told us) be very much admired their fidelity, and recom.
mended them io hu ſon, as men deſerving of reſpedt ;
and they were formerly for many years pl 4rd
Emperor's guards. Nicetas Chomata calls thera 1+
glini Bipenniferi, and Curopalata, Barangi. . Theſe
attended the Emperor where-ever he went, with halbert:
upon their ſhoulders, as often as he ſtir'd abroad one. of his
def ; and pray'd for bu long life, claſhing their balverts
againſt another, to make a noiſe, As to the blot
I Chalcandilas has caſt upon our nation, of ha-
one
whic |
ving wivesin common, truth it {elf wipes ic.
confronts the extravagant vanity” of- the Gre
For, (as my moſt learned and excellent Friend, Or-
telius has obſerved upon this very ſubjet) Things re-
Inted by any perſons concerning others, are not always true,
Theſe are the People which have inhabited Britain ;
MGR
ah
the dat revolutions : new. foundat ins
off, and |
whereof thece remain 'unto; this day the Britzams, the
Saxons or. Angles, with a. mixture. of Normans ; and
towards the North, ithe. Scars, Whereupon the two
Kingdoms. of this Iland,.-Eagland and- Scotland,
which were long divided,.are now in the moſt po-
tent Prince, King JA MES, happily-uniced under
one Imperial Diadera, \ - - Þ ILL |
It is not material .here to take notice of the Fle-
mings, Who about four hundred years. ago, came o-
ver hither, and got leave of che King.to :ſfectle in i" +:
Wales ;: ſince we {hall mention them.
lace. Let.us then conclude. this part with that of
eca - From hence it st« pens
continued in its premitFue fate, bere's 6 canth
in the affairs of mankind. | In this aſt.eorb here are
of cities laid guew names
given to nations, eitber by the xtter _ruine of the former,
or by its change 'into that Hom 74 petty. And
conſidering, that all nations Which invaded Bri.
tain were Northern, as were alſo others, about
that time, overran and after ity A
cophagss obſervation, ed upon 'the
of Scnptute,- is very true. As God wery often [+
rerrors upon men from heaven,” ſuch are thundery. fire, and
ſtorms ;, and from earth, as Funny 4 the ground, and
earthquakes ; 43 alſo out of the gir, ſuch 4s whirlwind;,
and ; ate rains : So thoſe Northerp terror are as
God, to be ſent out for @ pwrniſhment,
the Divine Providence ſuall chink fir.
it mere reſerved
v4 wpon
— —_—_—
BR
ET usnow prepare our ſelves for the Divi-
ſion of Britain. Countries are divided by
Geographers, either natwrally, according
to the ſtate of the rivers and mountains ;
or nationally, with reſpe&t to the people who inhabit
. them; or * differently, and under a political conſide-
ration, according. to the pleaſure and juriſdition of
Princes. Now wg the firſt and ſecond of theſe
diviſions are here there treated of through
the
whole work; the third (i. e. the political) ſeems 7a
per to this place : which yet is ſo much
che injury of time, that in this matter, 'tis eaſier to
convince one of errors, than. to diſcover the truth.
Our Hiſtorians affirm, that the moſt ancient divi-
ſion of Britain, is into Loegria, Cambria, and Albania;
that is (to ſpeak more incelligibly) into England,
Wales, and Scotland, But I look upon this to be of la-
ter date 3 both becauſe 'tis threefold, ariſing from
thoſe three People, the Angles, the Cambrians, and
the Scots, who afterwards ſhared chis Iſland amongſt
them ; and alfo becauſe there is no fuch diviſion men-
tioned by claffick Authors; no, nor before our coun-
ery-man Geoffrey of Monmouth, For (as the Criticks of
our age imagine) his Romance had not been all of
a piece, unleſs he had made Brute have three Sons,
Locrinas, Camber, and Albanattns, toanſwer the three
nations that were here in his time: in the ame man-
ner that he had before made his Brute, becauſe this
Ifland was then called Britain. And they no way
doubt, bur if there had been more diſtin nations a-
bour that time here in Britain, he would have found
more of Brute*s children.
In the opinion of many learned men, the moſt
ancient divifion of Britain, is that of Prolemy's, in
his ſecond book of Mathematical Conſtruft;on, where
treating of Parallels, he divides it into Great and Lit«
zle Britain. But with due ſubmiſſion to fo great per-
ſons, I conceive they would be of opinion, that'in
this place our Iſland 15 called Briranmia Magna, and
——_ 4 ——
The Diviſion of
ITATIN.
Ireland Pervs, if they would pleaſe ro conſider
moot *__ from gre 5 F a lictle more
rately, com «with kis Geographical W
However, ſome Dn writers have called the hi-
ther part of this Hand, Southwards;: Greer; "andthe
farther towards the; North, Lirile ; the inhabitants
whereof were former]y diſtinguiſhed into Maia and
of the Seats of the Legions. The ion,
termed Auguſta, at Caerleon in Wales; _
both placed by him in Upper Brite. - But he tells us,
that the Sixth Legion, Vittrix, whole reſidence
was at York, ſerved in Lower Britain. I ſhould think
this diviſion to have been made by Severus the Empe-
ror,” ſince' Herodian affures us, that after he had con-
quer'd Alvmas (the then General of the Britains,) had
polleſſed himſelf of the Government, and ſetled the
affairs of Britain, he divided the whole Province in-
to two parts, and afligned to each ics Lieutenant.
Afterwards the Romans divided the Province of
Britain into three parts (© as we may learn from a
#, that \ not ; bas De Co
fear. ts
AlN
ta :\ Nt Nico
. Fi.
[ea
Twentieth, called YVi#rix, at Cheſter or Devs, are =
Manuſcript of Sextus Rufus) viz. Maxima Caſari- 8
enſis, Britannia prima, and Britannia Secunda
fancy I have found out by
their Dioceſes, Pope Lucuus, in Greaian, intimates,
chat the Eccleſiaſtical juriſdiction of the Chriſtians,
was model*d according to the juriſdiction of the Ro-
man Magiſtrates ; and that the Archbiſhops had their
ine Ire ——_
| ——_—
& Ui An"quirat Bruanc. p. 51
Sees
* which I *
the ancientBiſhops and
Ixv
The Drufron of Britain.
R——————_—_—_ —_
clxvi
—" Sees in ſach Cities as had formerly been the reſidence
of the Roman Governors. The cities (ſays he) and
rhe places where Primats are to preſide, are not of a late
ines. Chriſt ; ro the Governors of which cities, the Gentiles
alſo made their appeals in the more we! bty matters, In
which very cities, after the coming of Chriſt, the Apoſtles
and their Succeſſors ſetled Patriarchs or Primates, who
bave power to judge of the affairs of Biſhops, and in all
cauſes of conſequence, Now ſince Britain had former-
ly three Archbiſhops, London, York, and Caerle-
on, I fancy that the Province we now call Canterbu-
ry (for thither the See of London was tranſlated)
made up the Britanmia Prima; that Wales, which
was fubjet to the Biſhop of Caerleon, was the Secunda ;
and that the Province of York, which then reached
as far as the Bound, was the Maxima Czſarienſi..
-zin%i- The next ape after, when the Conſtitution of the
model, but were fixt many of before the coming of
: |
c4i99 Roman Goverriment was every day changed (cither
pr through ambirion, that more might be preferred to
iris Places of honour ;z or the policy of the Emperors, to
r:«i- curb the growing power of their Preſidents) they
divided Britain into five parts ; Britannia prima, Se.
cunda, Maxima C eſarienfis, Valentia, and ia Ceſa-
riexfis, Valentiaſeems to have been the northern part
of the Maxima Czſarienſis, which Theodoſius, Gene-
ral under the Emperor Yalens, recovered from the
Pits and Scots ; and out of complement to his Ma-
ſter, called it Valewta, as Marcellinus fully teſtifies in
::3, thoſe words, The province which had fell into the Ene.
my's hands he recovered, and reduced to its former ftate ;
ſo that by hs means, it both enjoyed a lawful Gooernoy,
and was alſo, by appointment of the Prince, afterwards
called Valentia. *Tis reaſonable to imagine, that the
Son of this Theodoſius (who being made Emperor,
was callPd Flavias Theodeſins, and made ſeveral altera-
tions in the Empire) might add the Flavia ; becauſe
we never meet with Britannia Flavia before the rime
amis Of this Flavizs. To be ſhort then, Britanmns Prima
*4. was all that Southern tract, bounded on one hand
with the Britiſh Ocean, and on the other with the
by Thames and the Severn Sea : Britannia Secunda, the
" fame with the preſent Wales: Flavia Czſarienſis
is reached from the Thames to Humber : Maxims Cz-
a farienſss, from Humber to the river Tine, or Seve-
ms TuS's wall ; YValemia, from the Tine to the Wall near
"= Edenburgh, call'd by the Scots Gramesdike, which
is, Was the tartheſt limic of the Roman Empire.
And here I cannot but obſerve, that ſome very
learned men have berray'd a want of judgment, by
bringing Scorland into this number , which fome of
them urge to have been the Maxima Czſarienſis, 0-
thers, the Britannia Secunda. As if the Romans had
not altogether negle&ed thoſe parts, poſſeſſed” (as it
were) by the bitrernefs of the air ; and within this
number only included ſuch Provinces as were go-
verned by ular Lieutenants and Preſidents, For
the Maxima Ceſarienſfis and V alemia were ruPdby per:
fons of Conſular dignity, and the other three, Bri-
tamnia Prima, Parts 4 and Favis, by Preſidents.
If one ask me, what grounds I have for this divili-
on, and accuſe me of ſerring undue bounds, he ſhall
hear in few words, what it was drew me into this
Opinion. After Thad obſerved thar the Romans call'd
thoſe Provirices Prime, which were neareſt Rome (as
Germania Prima, Belgica Prima, Lugdunenſſs Prima,
Anuitania Prima, Pannonia Prima, all which lye nearer
Rome than ſuch as are called Secunde) that the
more nice writers called theſe Prime, the Upper, and
the Secunde, the Lower : T preſently concluded the
South part of otr Iſland, as nearer Rome, to be the
Britannia Prima. For the fame reaſon, ſince the Se-
cunde Provincie (as they call them) were. moſt re-
mote from Rome, I thought Wales muſt be the Bri-
tamia Secunda, Further, obſerving that in "the de-
Cline of the Ronian Empire, thoſe Provinces only
had Conſular Governors, which were the Frontiers,
(as is evident from the Noritia , not only in
Gaul, bur alſo in Africk ;)-end that Volextia with us;-
as allo Maxima Ceſarienſis, are called Conſular Pro.
Vnces; I took it for granted that they were neareſt
and moſt expos'd to the Scots and Pias, in the pla-
Es above mentioned. And as for Flavia Ceſarienſis,
|
I cannot but fancy that it was in the middle of the
reſt, and che heart of England; wherein I am the
more poſitive, becauſe I have that ancient writer
Giraldus Cambrenſis on my fide. Theſe were the
Diviſions of Britain under the Romans.
Afterwards, the barbarous nations breaking in. on
every hand, and civil wars prevailing more and more
among the Britains, it lay for ſome time, as it were,
without either blood or ſpirits, without the leaſt
face of government. But at laſt, that part which
lyes northward, branched into two Kingdoms of the
and Picts, and the Pentarchy of the Romans in
this hither _ was made the Heprarchy of the Sax-
ons. For they divided this whole Roman Province
(except Wales, which the remains of the Britains
poſleiled themſelves of) into ſeven Kingdoms, viz.
Kent, South-Sex, Eaſt-cAnglia, Weſt-Sex, Northumber- Saxon
land, Eaſt-Sex, and Mercia. a.
Bute whar this Heptarchy of the Saxons was, and
what the names of obo in that age, you will
more eaſily apprehend by this Chorographical Table.
Conſidering that ſuch Trafts or Counties
as theſe Kingdoms contained, could not
ſo conveniently be repreſented in a ſmall
C horographical Table, becauſe of its
narrowneſs; I choſe rather to explain
it by this other Scheme (which at once
gives the Reader an entire view) than
by a heap of words.
ſ x. The Kingdom? The Coun- {Kene
of Kent contain'd 5 ty of
| 2. The Kingdom
The Con - S flex.
of the Sout Sex hs yy $ Sacre;
Norfolk.
ons Contain*d
[3: The Kingdom? 75, ©... )Suffolk.
of the Eaſt-An- . . . .
ties of YCambridge, with
gies contain'd the Iſle of Ely.
- The Kingdom
N ar. rn The Coun-
laxd contain'd Sf
The Saxon Heptarchy.
þ—<INP LIS YO. - ISS 5,0
| Eſſex.
6. TheKinzdom The Count Middleſex , and
of the Eaft-Sax- >:
- tier ties of oa, Hertford-
| Gloteſter.
other part of
Lt Hertfordſhire.
BUT
CL Aer toe tr 9 ev
OL FUE ec WAG Fo, 1 So—— wy ARC WIEEeITY A Or EE En _
_ _ Veer RD As — —_ —
a _
— ” OI Lan retro,
OTIS. — <LI =er DEINES: ee y his or ER een a as ——_—
on I. 1 > =_
OO
*
T2 : FD /
= —
FAY EIS
MC a —_— —_— ——
te _. — —_ fa mts. Amt—_ ths
—— - _ w—
clxvy
{ he Drown of britain.
Clxyi
_ana—
*3 UT yet whiie the Heptarchy continued, Eng-
p land was not divided into what we cail Coun-
tleS. ties, but into ſeveral ſmall partitions, with theirnum-
ber of Hidzs; a Catalogue whereof out of an old
Fragment was communicated to me by Francis Tate,
a perſon very much converſant in our Law-Antiqui-
fies. But this only contains that part which lies on
this ſide the Humber.
# idef - 1
ppt Afyrena contains 36000 Nox gaga 5900 hides.
have i')in- * Hides. Ohtgaga 2000 hides.
. 4A 0 =e «© P
"uct 1.4 Woken-ſetns 7009 hides. Fiwynca 7000 hides.
Cittern-ſetna 4000 hides.
Hendrica 3 000 hides.
Vnecung-ga 1200 hides.
Aroſeatna, 600 hides.
Fearfinga, 3<0 hides.
Belmiga, 600 hides.
Witherigga, 600 hides.
Eaſt-Willa, 600 hides.
Weft-Willa, 600 hides.
Eaft-Enzle, 30000 hides.
Eaſt-Sexena, 7000 hides.
Cant-Warena, 1 5008 hides,
Eyfla 300 hides. SuthSexena, 7909 hides,
Wicca 300 hides. Weſt.Sexena, 100900
IWight-gora 600 hides. hides.
Tho' ſome of thoſe names are eaſily underſtood
at the firſt ſight, others will hardly be hammered out
by a long and curious ſearch ; for my part, I freely
confeſs, they require a quicker apprehenſion than I
am malter of.
Calicdin Afterwards, when King Alfred had the whole go.
poiarig vernment in his own hands; as our forefathers the
_ Germans (which we learn from Tacitas } adminiſter'd
juſtice according to the ſeveral Lordſhips and Villa-
ges, taking an hundred of the common-people as al-
tiſtants to: manage that buſineſs; /o he ( to uſe the
words of Ingwphius of Crowland ) firit divided England
into Counties ; becauſe the natives themſelves committed
robberies, after the example and under colour of the Danes.
Moreover, be made the Cuunties to be divided into ſo ma-
Hundreds. wy Centuries or Hundreds, and Tithings ; ordering that
every man in the Kingdom ſhould be ranked under ſome
one or other hundred and tithing. The Grvernours of Pro.
* Viceds, Vinces were before that called * Lieutenants ; but thas of -
mini, fice he divided into two, Judges, ( now callid Fuſtices )
and Sheriffs, which {tif retain the ſame name. By th:
care and induſtry ef thoſe, the whole Kingdom m a ſhort
time enjoyed ſo great peace, that if a traveller had let fall
a ſum of money never ſo large, in the evening, either in
the fields, or publick high-ways ; if be came next morning,
or even a month after, he ſhould find it whole and un
rouch?d. This is more largely inſiſted upon by the
Malmesbury Hiſtorian. Ewen the natives ( lays he )
under pretence of being barbarians (1. & Danes,.) fell ro
robberies ſo that there was 1 ſafe traveling without
arms. But King Alfred ſettied the Centuries, commonly
called Hundreds, #xd the Tithings ; that every Engl
man, living under the protettion of the Laws, ſhoutd have
both his hundred and hu tithing, And f 97 = Ws AC-
cuſed of 4 mifdemeanour, be ſhwuld- -#mthe century
jr EE bi page be could. not, Refs expet+ the, ſeverit |
of the Inws. But if any one ſtanding thus accuſed, ſhould,
make his eſcape, either before or after the bail was given,
that whole: Hundred and Tithing was liable to be; fined
by the Ring. ' By thu projet, he ſettled peace in the King-
dom ; fa rbat even upon the high-roads, where four ways
met, he-commanded polden bracelets to be bung up, which
might expoſe the #varice of travellers, whilſt there was
rone dur(F venture to take them away,
Wappen- Theſe Centuries are in ſome parts of the Kingdom
nds, Th called Wappentacbes: if wa deſire to know the reaſon,
LE Iwill giveityou-out of Edward the Confeflor*s Laws.
IWaen any one received the government of a Wappentach,
on & ſet day, and in the place where the meeting uſed to be
beld, all the elder ſort met bim, and when be was got off
bis horſe, roſe up to bim, Then he held up bs ſpear, and
Qs once WWeſterna 70GO hides.
—_ con Pec-ſetna 1 200 hides.
HM aA ; .
pear, bur Elmed.-ſetna 6c0 hides.
as other's, Lindes-farona 7000 hides.
a5 much as F
« / irga: i, Suth.Gyrwa 600 hides.
Nortb.Gyrwa 6c0 hides.
Eaſt.IWixna 309 hides.
Wejt-HWixna 600 hides.
Spalda 600 hides.
Wigeſta goo hides.
Herefoma 1200 hides.
Sweordora 200 hides.
| tuuk ſecurity of all there, according to cuſtom - for 2Wboe.
, Ver came, touched bs fpear with theirs; and this touching
| of armour conformed them in one common intereſt, and was
| a puzlick league, In Engliſh, arms are caled wepun, and
' Taccane & to confirm, as if this were a confirmation &
; Weapons, or to ſpeak more agreeably to the Engliſh tonnuc,
| * Wepentac & 4 touching of armour : for wepun /1gn-
| fes armour, and tac « touching, There were al/o other
| Juriſdicl ions above theſe of Wapemaches, which they
; called Dpihingar, mcuding the third part of the Pro.
Vince: and thoſe who were Lords over = were termed
Dpihingepepap. To theſe were appeals made in (uch cau-
ſes as could not be determined in the Wapentaches. So
that what the Engliſh named a Hundred, the/e called 5
Wapentach ; and what was in Engliſh three or four buy.
dreds, they called *Dp1hinge. Bat in ſome Provinces what
they called Trihing, was in Engliſh term'd Lew ; and
what could not be determined in the Dp:hinge, was carried
mto the Shire.
Theſe Counties ( which if you would expreſs in $i,
proper Latin, may be term*d cicher Convemus or Pa.
gt) we call by the peculiar name of Shyres; from
the Saxon word Scyre, ſignifying to branch, and di.
vide, By the firſt diviſion there were onl 32. for
{1n the year 1016. in the Reign of Ehelred. Malmſ.
| bury affures us there were no more. In the life of
e/Ethelred he writes thus. Ar thus time the Danes in.
vaded 16 Counties, whereas there are but 32 in all En-
gland. And in thoſe days theſe Counties were divi.
ded according to the variety of the laws. For the Di
Laws of Engiand were threetold ; thoſe of the Welt- ay
Saxons, calied Weſt-ſaxeniaz: ; thole of the Danes, tol
called Dene/age; and thoſe of the Mercians, called
Merchenlage. Under the Weſt-Saxon-Law were com.
{gyro nine Counties, Kent, Suſſex, Surrey, Berk.
ire, Hamſhire, Wiltſhire, Sorerſetſhire, Dorſerſhire, and
Dev.»ſhire. To the Dane-Laws monge fifteen Coun-
ties, Torkſhire, Derbyſhire, Nottinghamſhire, Leiceſterſhire,
Lincolnſhire, Nor: hamptonſhire, Bedfordſhire, Buckingham-
ſhire, Hertfordjhire, Eſſex, Middleſex, Norfolk, Suffolk,
Cambridgeſhire, Huntingdonſhire. The other cight were |
judged after the Mercian- Law; thoſe were Gloceſter. £*%
ſhire, Worceſterſhire, Herefordjhure, Warwickſhire, Oxford- £3
ſhire, Cheſhure, Shropſhire, and Staffordſhire, But when
William the firſt made his Survey of this Kingdon, ,
chere were reckoned 36 Counties, as the Palychronicon hw
cells us. Bur the pubiick records, wherein he regiſtred
that Survey, reckon up no more than 34. For Dur.
ham, Lancaſhire, Northumberland, Weſtmorland, and
Cumberland, did not come into the number, the three
laſt ( as ſome wou.d have it ) being then under the
Scots, and the other ewo, either exempt from taxes,
or included under Yorkſhire. But all theſe being af-
terwards added to the number, made it { as it 15 to
this day) 39, Beſides which, there are 13 more in
Walesz «whereof fix were in Edward the firit's time, **
the reſt Henry the eighth ſettled by A of Par- Ca
liament. .
In' each of theſe. Counties, in troubleſome times
eſpecially, there is appoiated a Deputy under the King,
by the-name of Liewtenart; who is to. take care that
the State ſuffer no damage. The firſt inſtitugon here.
of {ems to be fetch'd trom King Alfred, who ſettled
in every County the Cy#odes regni, or keepers of the
kingdom... Theſe afterward were reſtored by Hery
the third, under the title of Capitanei. For in the bt:
-tieth year of his Reign, be (as John of London has
it) beld 6 Parliament, wherem thus wholſome Law was
enatted, That in every County there ſhould be one * Cap- c»
tain mamtained by the King, who by the, aſjtance of phe n%
Sheriff ſhould reſtrain the inſolence SIE Upon which,
many were fo affrighted, that they left that trade, and the
Royal power began to revive, This was wiſely enough
ordered : but, whether Cans the Dane, when he
made a Tetrarchy in a Monarchy, did not act more z;
prudently, ler our Politicians determine. - For he (as"
Hermand the Archdeacon ſays) being an exceeding ſap aci-1
ous man, ſo contriv'd the government of the "33 hy chat
in
iſhc!
_——
b Sec 5ir. Henry Spelman's Gloſſary, under the word Wapent achium.
Starure ot 34 and 35 of Hen. 8. Cap. 26. tells us, That eight Shircs were of arcient and long time, to wit, thole of Gl: merges", Caer mv hen,
Pembrokr, Cardigan, Flint, Carruaruven, Angleſey, and Mer ioneth ; and
wouthjbire ; namely, Radnor, Brecknock, Montgomery, and Denbigh. $6
c Of which the R:dings in Yorkſhire are a corryption. 4 Cut th:
her to.ar were made oy the Starure of 27 Hen 8. Cap. 26. bu de; Mar
that in Edwara's time there em to haye been cighu,
i
_—_ -
X1X The 'Druſion of Britain.
ir (b.uld fa under T etrarchs, /ucb as he had found faithful
+» him, The government of the Weſt-Saxons, which was
Jha. the greateſt, be took 10 himſelf ; 4 Mercia, 1he ſecond part,
Js commited 10 one Edrick; tyc third, called Northum-
bre, t0 Trtus? and Eari Turkils bad the fourth, 1. e. Eaſt
Anglia, « very plentiful country, "This account I owe
to the diligence of Fr. Th;»we, who hath proſecuted
this ſtudy of Antiquities wich great honour, and par-
ticularly communicated this to me.
: But every year, ſome one inhabitant of the Leſer
4 Nobility is tet over the County, and ſtild Vice-Comes,
i. E. a deputy of the Comes or Earl; and in our lan-
guage he 1s called Sbiriff, 1. e. one ſet over the County,
and may very well be term'd the Queſtor of the Coun-
ty or Province. For ?tis his buſineſs to get up the
:wblick revenues of the County, to gather into the
Lxchequer all Fines, even by deſtraining; to attend
the Judges, and to execute their orders; to —_—_
've nel twelve men, who are to judge of matters of tact,
and bring in their Verdict to the Judges, ( who are
with us only Judges of law, and not of fa&t;) to take
care that ſuch as are condemned be duly executed ;
and to give judgment in petty cauſes.
There are alſo in every County certain Eirenarche,
or Fuſtices of the Peace, {crtied by King Edward IIL
and thoſe take cognizance of murders, felonies, treſþaſ-
/es, ( for ſothey term them )) and many other miſde-
meanors. Betides, the King ſends every year into
each County two of the Juſtices of England, to give
- * ſentence upon Priſoners, and ( to uſe the law-term
in that _ to make a Gaol-delivery. But of theſe
more hereafter, when we come to the Courts.
As to the Eccleſiaſtical Government ; afrer the Bi-
ſhops of Rome had afligned to each Presbyter his
Church, and divided the pariſhes among them, Ho-
% norius Archbiſhop of Canterbury, about the year of
hc our Lord 636. firſt began to divide England into Pa-
rilhes, as we read in the Hiſtory: of Canterbury.
Now England has two Provinces, and two Arch-
biſhops; Canterbury, Primate of all England, and Me-
tropolitan; and Tork. Under theſe are 25 ow;
22 under Canterbury, and the reſt under York. W
theſe Biſhopricks are, with their Counties or Dioceſes |
"* which they now contain, are ſhown us in thoſe words
of that excellent perſon the molt reverend Father in
God Matthew Parker, Archbiſhop of Canterbury, a
Patron of Learning, and a great Judge of Anti-
quiries.
In the Province of Canterbury.
T HE Biſhoprick of Canterbury, along with Roche-
fter, contains the County of Kent. London has
under it Eflex, Middleſex part of Hertfordſhire,
Chicheſter has Suſſex. Wincheſter has Hamfhire, Surrey,
Ile of Wight; with Gernſey andJerley, Iſlands lying
ypon the Coalt of Normandy. Sat contains
Wiltſhire and Berkſhire. 'Exerer includes Devonſhire
and Cornwal.. Bathe and Wells joyntly have Somer-
ſerſhire; and Gloceſter, Gloceſterſhire. Worceſter, Wor-
ceſterſhire and part of Warwickſhire. Hereford, He-
Coventry and
Norwich, Noth and S
Peterburrow, ice
fol, Do . a e. To which 18 Dioceles in England,
muſt be added, thoſe of Wales.or Cambria, which are
both deprived, of. an Archbiſhop of theic own, and
allo made fewer,feven coming entire into four.
Thele are, + 5;, Davids, (whole ſeat is at St. Davids)
. - Landeff,, Banchor, and Aſaph, or Elwenſis.
In the Province of York.
Ork it ſelf qpnprobemy Yorkſhire and Notting-
hamſhire. Cheſter , Cheſhire, Richmondſhice,
Lancaſhire, with part of Cumberland, Flintſhire, and
Denbighſhire. Durham, the Biſhoprick of Durham,
and Northumberland. Carliſle, part of Cumberland, if it be not a crine to mention them) monuments
and Weitmerland. *Io theſe may be added the Bi-
ſhoprick of Seder in Mona, commonly ealled the Ide
of Man. |
Amonglt thoſe, the Archbiſhop of C:x:erbury takes
the firſt place 4 the Archbiſhop uf Terk, the ſecond;
the Biſhop of Londor, the third ; the Biſhop of Dur-
ham, the fourth; and the Bilhop of #7ncbefter, the
fifth. The reſt cake place according to the time of
their Conſecration. Bur if any of the other Biſhops
> Ge to be Secretary to the King, he claims the
fifth place. There are beſides in England, 26 Deane«-
ries, 13 whereof were made in the larger Churches
by King Henry VIII. upon expulſion of the Monks.
The Archdeaconries are ſixty ; and the Dignities and
Prebends make 544 _
There are alſo 9284 Pariſh-churches under the Bi-
ſhops; of which, 3845 are appropriate, as is plain
from the Catalogue exhibiced to King James, which
I have here ſubjoyned. Now, appropriate Churches are
ſuch, as by the authority of the Pope, and the con-
ſent of the King and Biſhop of the Diocefs, are up-
on certain conditions ſettled upon thoſe Monaſteries,
Biſhopricks,: Colleges, and Hoſpitals, whoſe revenues
are but ſmall; either becauſe they were built upon
their ground, or granted by the Lords of the Man-
nour, Such a Settlement 15 expreſſed in form of law
by being wnited, annext, and # ated for ever. But
theſe, upon the ſubvertion of the Monaſteries, were,
Diceſes. Pariſh= Churches ap-
Churches, propriate.
257 140
623 189
362 I31
557 250
248 109
388 160
1255
Peterburrow, 293
Exeter, 604.
Gloceſter, 267
313
1121
I41
98
259
S. Alap
Peculjars in the
Province of : 7
L Canterbury. :
A— —
The whole number ry 82 WA.
Province of Canterbury. i9, 3393
; York, 531
I4 *
In the Pro-
| Durkam I
vince of York, 5 -
Cheſter,
Carli
The whole member in York,
td Addn. nr
The whole number in both}
. Provinces. 9284 3845
. Butin the Book of Thomas Wolſey, Cardinal, writ-
ten in, the year. 1520. there 'are reckoned in-all the
Counties 9407 Churches, .I know not how this dit-
ference ſhould happen, unleſs ic be that ſome were
demoliſhed 1a the laſt age, and Chapels, which are
P ial, be omitted, others which are barely Cha: -
pu being. reckoned up amonglt the Pariſh-churches.
owever, I have ſet down the number of Churches
at the end of each County, out of this Book of
Wolſey's.
There were alſo in the Reign of King Henry VIII.
of
to the great damage of the Church, made * Lay-fees. reude Ls
icalis.
Le
"4
Als
|< —- ; - ” ec. am
T, he Degrees of England,
Clxy
chxxi
REECE eee
Monatte- of the piety of our fore-fathers, built to the honour
is of:God, the propagation of the Chriſtian faith, and
ood learning; and for the ſupport of yy ny Of
Religious houles (i. e. Monaſteries or ies, and
Priories, ) to the number of 645. whereof when 40
had been ſuppreſſed by a Grant from Pope Clement
1-n.5.h24 the ſeventh, obtained by Cardinal Wo/ſey, who had
coo drigergy then laid the foundation of two Colleges, one at Ox-
100 Pio- ford, and another at Ipſwich ; preſently about the 36th
ries oof Henry VIII. a torrent {as it were) thathasthrown
Aliens. down the banks, broke in upon the eccleſiaſtical ftare
of England, and to the great furprize of the whole
world, and oppreſſion of this nation, at once threw
down the greateſt part of the Religious, with their
liament, Whereupon, in the year 1 536. all religious
houſes, with their revenues, which had 200 1. yearly,
or under that, were granted to the King ; in number
376. And the next year, under a fpecious pretence
of rooting out ſuperſtition, the reſt, along with the
Colleges, Chauntries, and Hoſpitals, were given up
to the King's diſpoſal. Ar which time, there were
valued or taxed 605 religious houſes, remaining ; Co].
leges, beſides thoſe in the Univerſities, 96. Hoh itals,
110, Chauntries and Free-chapels, 2374. Moſt of
which in a ſhort time were every where pulled down,
their revenues ſquander'd away, and the riches, which
had been conſecrated to God by the pious munificence
of the Engliſh, from the time they received Chriſtia-
curious ſtructures. For what the Pope granted to the
Cardinal, the King took himſelf, by confent of Par-
nity ; were, as it were, in a moment diſperſed, and (if
I may uſe the word without offence ) profaned.
The Degrees of
ENGLAND
S to the diviſion of our State, it conſiſts
of a King or Monarch, the Nobles, Ci-
tizens, Free-men ( which we call Neomen )
and Tradeſmen.
The KING, ftiled by our Anceſtors Coning, and
Cyning, ( *a name under which is coucht both power
and wi{dew)) by us contraſted mto King, has in theſe
Kingdoms the ſuprenie power, and a meer govern-
ment : nor holds he his Empire by vaſlalage, ncither
does he receive Inveſtiture from another, nor own
R-27m, 1, any ſuperior, but God. And as that Oracle of Law
:.c.8s, hasdelivered it, Every one xs under him, and himſelf un-
der none, but only God. He has very many Rights of
Majeſty peculiar to himſelf, ( which the learned in the
law term The Holy of Holies and Individuals, becauſe
they are inſeparable ; but the common people, The
King's Prerogative; ) and thoſe, they tell us, are deno-
ted by the flowers in the King's
theſe the King enjoys by a written Law, others by
Right of. cuſtom, which without a law is eſtabliſhed
by a tacit conſent of the whole body: and ſurely hg
deſerves them, ſince by bis watolfulneſs every man's houſe,
by his Iabour every man's eaſe, by his induſtry every one's
pleaſure, and by bis toil every :ome's recreation 1s ſecured to
bim. But theſe things are too ſublime to belong pro-
perly to my buſineſs. |
Next the King is his eldeſt fon; and as he amongſt
ThePrixce the Romans that was for the Succeſſor, was
he Princeps firſtcalled Printe of the oth, and as flattery prevail'd,
Jen's afterwards Ceſar, Noble Ceſar, and ihe moſt noble Ce.
ſar; ſo ours was by our Saxon Anceſtors termed
_ eEtheling, 1. e, noble, and in Latin Chro, from the
Greek xaos, famons; that affecting the Greek
tongue. Upon which, that ſaying concerning Ead.-
gar, the laſt heir male of the Eng/zh Crown, is ſtill
kept up, Eabgap {*Scling, Enxlanvy Seapling, 1 e.
Eadgar the noble, England's Larkdee Andinthe antienc
Latin Charters of the s, we often read, Ego E.
vel A. Clyto, the King*s ſon. But the- name of Clyro
I have obſerved to be given to the King's thildren in
eneral. Atter the Norman Con , he had no
anding honorary title, nor any other that 1 know of,
but barely The King's Son, or The King's tdeft Son;
till Edward 1. ſamnioned ro-Parliament his fon Ed-
ward under the title of Prime
Cheſter; to whom (he granted alſo afterw
Dnkedom of Aquitain. - And this, when he came to
be King Edward II. fummoned his foh -Edward' to
Parliament, then ſcarce ten years old, under the title
of Earl of Cheſter and Flirt. But that Edward com-
ing to the Crown, created Edward his fon; a moſt
Thc King
Seneca.
Z&: heli
Cliyto, as
Prince of
Wales.
wn. Some of
Wakes, ad Earl of
ards the!
accompliſhe ſoldier, Duke of Cornwal ; fince which
time the King's eldeſt ſon / is born Duke of Cornwall.
And a little after, he honoured the ſame perſon with
the title of Prince of Wales, by a ſolemn Inveſtiture. The
Principality of Wales was conferred upon him in
theſe words, to be held by bim and his heirs Kings of
Emgland. And as the heirs —_ of the Roman
Empire were ( as I obferved but juſt now ) called
Cz/ars z of the Grecian, Deſpote, Lords; thoſe of the
Kingdom of France, Davphins; and of Spain, Infan-
res: fo thoſe of England have been ſince that cime
ſtiled Princes of Wales. And that title continued rill
the time of Henry VII. when Wales was entirely
united ro the Kingdom of England. Bur now the
formerly divided Kingdoms of Britain being reduced
into one, under the government of the moft porent
King Fame:; his eldeſt fon Hemry, the darling and
delight of Britain, is called Prmce of Great Britain:
whom, as nature has made capable of the greateſt
things, ſo, that God would bleis him with the high-
eſt virtues, and a laſting honour, that his ſucceſs may
outdo both 'our hopes of him, as alſo the atchieve.
ments and high character of his forefathery, by a long
and pre us Reign, is the conſtant and hearty
prayer of all Britain,
| Nobles are divided into Greater and Leſ5. The
'Greater Nobles we call Dukes, Marqueſſes, Earls, and
Barons; whoeither enjoy theſe ricles by arrheredicary
claim, or have them conferred on them by the King
as a reward of their merits. Sire
A DUKE is the next title of honour to the Prince. **
At firſt this was # name of office, not of honour.
| Aboutthe time of Elim Vers, thoſe who were ap-
red to guard the Frontiers were firſt cated Duke:;
and this tile in Conftamine's rime was tnferiour to
that-of a Count. Affer the deſtrudion of the Ro-
man ire, this title fil 'comirmed to be thename
of an Ofice; and thoſe amongſt ns who in'the Saxon
ritnes are tiled Dukes-in fach great numbers, by the
antient Charters, are in the liſh tongue only cal-
let} Ealdormen. The fare o arenamed Dukes,
ate likewiſe termed-Covnrt: : for inſtance; oft peo.
ple call Wim the Conqueror of England Duke of
| Normently, wheteas Wiltiam of Ma writes
him Cort of Normandy.” However, that both Duke
and Cownt ' were names of Office, is plain from the »e»
form of each's creation, which we fmd in Marculph, *
an antient writer. The Royal clemency is particularly
ſignalized upon this account, that among all the people, the
good and the watchful are (ingled out ; nor & it convenient
to commit the judiciary power ro any one, who has not firſt
—
Pp EIS
— —
e Either relating to cene,which in Saxon fignif
tle man is ca'led a Cumming may,
Notes upol Cornwall. .p. Is
_
ftous,uali ant AC. crto cunmnasn,which ihes to khwow or urder/iand ; from whence a ning ſub>-
F If hs be cideft fon; bur it the tirit dirs, che ſecond is not bra co'rthe fame Title: See concerning chis in the
0 , af*
64
—
pa
—*«
Te Degreas-of glands lets
approved bus loyalty and valour. Since we. :thersfore ſeem | Senate., ' which :was: caltd Gafar's' + retinue;; and - 2p
ro have. ſufficiently experienced your fidelity and wjefuineſs, | thele, by whoſe-counttl they ated #njwar and peice,
patrici- we commir to you the —_ s Count, Duke, or + Preſi- | were” called. Comer | Attendants") from «whence
' dent, in the Lordſbip which predeceſſor governed, to we find- it _common in old Inſcriptions Comiri Imp.
att ws and rule over it, Still upon this condition, that you | This name in-afew years prevailed fo much, that all
are entirely true to our government ; and all the people with- | Magiſtrates had the name of Comices * who pave their * 2 (+
in thoſe limits may live under and be ſwayed by your attendance at the ſaid Council, or had been of it; it miramum
wvermment aud authority ; and that you rule yuſtly accoras ſomuch that it was afterwards extended to all who had: _
ro law and their own cuſtoms: that you Zealouſly protees | the ial.of any buſineſs, and'Suidas ( as Cujacius p.rgs
widows and orphans ; that you ſeverely puniſh tbe crimes of | has told us) defined Comes, 5 a7 dpyor, a Governeur of ad Cod.
robbers and malefattors; fo that thoſe who live regular "7 the reople. * From whence alſo we'gather, that before
under your government , may be cheerful and undiſturbed: | Conſtantine, the Great, the-name'of Comes was not
and that whatever profis ariſes from ſuch attions to the Ex- | uled to denote Dignicy. But he modelling*the 'Ro-
chequer, you your ſelf bring yearly ento our coffers. man, government. by new diſtinftions, and 'endea-
; | began o be an ho title under. Otho the | vouring to-'obtige' as many'as poſlible by beſtowing ,
[9% Great, the year 970. : For he, in order to biud | hefours upon; them, firſt infticuted the ticle of Comes,
i. valiant and prudent; perſons more effeually to his | as //barely hagorary, wichour any duty: 'nay there
own, ng wich what he call'd*Rojet | were certain rights! and privileges! annex'd- co that
_ ties. 'Thoſe Royalties were either Dignities ar Lend: | ticle;'as, to accompany- the-Prince not only. when
$%4- ;» Fee. The Dignities were thoſe of Dukes, Marguiſes, | be: appeared in publick, bur alfo int his palace and
Counts, Captains, Valuaſors, and Valuaſns. An here- | private retirements 3} to be admitted to his table, and
ditary ticle came bat lacs into France; not before | ta his ſecret conſaltations. Upon 'which we read in
Philip-3- ng of France, granted, that for the fu. | Epiphanius, 'Os & «dv, &c. i. e. Who alſo bad ob.
ture they ſhould be called Dukes of Britain, who were | aimed of t oor ry Digniey of 's Count. Ar length,
before {tiled promiſcuouſly Dukes and Cownts, Butin | ſuch as had the favour of this title, had other honours
England in the Norman times, when the Norman | conferr'd upon thera,” ro which fore duty was an-
Kings themſelves were Dukes of Normandy, there | next; and again .to- thoſe "who were before in
were none had that honour conferr*d upon them for | Offices, and were engaged in the affairs of State, he
a long time; till Edward 3. created Edward his fon | added this pliede. of honour. *: 'Hereupon, the name
Duke of Cornwall, by s wreath on bu head, @ ring on | of Counti ied both Dignity and Government ; and
og bu finger, and a + ſilver verge: as the Dukes of Nor- | being at firſt! bue temporary, it was afterwards for
rgr af- y were formerly, by a ſword and a banner de- ions of life. Bur. - when: che 'Roman Govern-
w"* livered to them, ———y girding the ſword | ment was divided. into feveral' Kingdoms , ' this
of the Dutchy, and by a circlet of gold garniſhed on | title was ſtill retained; and our: Saxons call'd thoſe in
_ the top with little golden roſes. And the ſame King | Latin Comites, which in their own tongue werenamed'
'**% Edward 3. created his two ſons, Lepndl, Duke. ot | Ealbopmen. The ſame perſons. were ſtild by the ;
»» Clarence, and John, Duke of Lancaſter, in Parlia- | Danes in their langiage Forlas, i. e. honourable men, «1 *y dy
0. ment, © By the putting on a. ſword, ſetting their | as Echelwerd tells us; and by A little melting of that kai)
, *heads a furr rich a circle of with | word, we callthem at this day Earls, And for a long P. Pirtzus
© pearls, and by the deli is, | ume were: imply (o called,/till at laſt an addition 2,15 ie
, was made of the. place's name over which they had ju. Camparis
ereditary
Fil ; eng abies _ | the Earls of Bretagne: - But when Willa
ue, prdce, ſeat, preDentinence, Bonour, an: ig- | way, were the ;- Bur liam
nity of # Do m_ ive. end.grant ; and do-yeally- inveſt | the Norman, and Conquerar;.had in his hands the
you with them, by the putting on a ſword, ſetting 6 cap | Government of this Kingdomy'the' Earls began to
with @ golden circle upon your head, and the delivery of a | be Fexdal, hereditary,an ial : and thoſe too
gelden werge. iifta (as appears from Domeſday) were ftifd fnply Earls,
i A MARQUISS ( 5. e. £ according\to the im- | without any addition, as, Earl Hugh, Earl Alan,
port of the word, one fe; to guard be limits ) is a title | Earl Roger, &c.,- Alterwards; as appears by ancient
of honour, the ſecond from a Duke. This title we | Records, the Earls: were created," with an addicion
had but late, none being inveſteg with it. before the | of the name of the place, and had
time of Richard 2. For he created his darling Rober: | of the alligned them.
_- EY, apr EG ator this form' of words manifeſt
as merely titular. For e , AS 15
ſecure ad bomion were called Lord Mar. | from the very Charter, now in my hands. | 1 Mawd,
hers, and nor ifſes, as, we now {tile them. They | daughter and Groerneſr-of the Engliſh, do
pays, fans e4, your Art na pers. ray rig fad wy
And hers Iall ak the ibercy of relating what find Eſſex ; and have the third penny out of the'She-
+ regiſter'd in the Parti Ly, Frau riffs Court, iflut of all pleas, as an Earl fo
ke by Ricard and” es epeſrd of he ch by [ena cane Connie Chant Þ over fr. Tito
er ſaw.
4 i wile Hen, H. King of England, created an Earl ir:
made an humble Requeſt to the King, that he theſe words, Know ye that we have made Hugh Bigod,
reſtore to him the title of Marquiſs; but! he- bi Earl of Norfolk, namely of the third penny of Norwie
oppoſed his own cauſe, and openly declared it | «nd ſo that no Earl in England ſhall bold bus
DI ptr pg, eigen pos to cap Se Pate: Wires Eg
| | : It was
means delice It, nay, refuſed it. - pu. Fa through all England, that the Earls of Counties
The EARLS which the third , we ſcem | ſhould have the third for their own uſe ; from
Tacit ills as, ter hol reg © Fa reeling rhe ammmqences-Aadeer ellen le cre EAN.
t;, LT aCitus tells us, p. ® attending thei vers it more diſtintly. Co-
Princes to ps Jp: to with Tſe, and to gain them | maitatus is call'd from Comes, or elſe this from the for.
authority, But others are of opinion, that both the Now be s Comes, an Earl, becauſe be enjoys in
Franks and we received them from the Romans. every County the third part of the profits ariſing from the
For the Emperors, after the Empire was come to its | Pleas, But yet all Earls do not enjoy them, but ſuch
height, began to keep about them a fort of domeſtick | only . who have them granted by the King bereditarily or :
AW—d EE
—— A cc
£ From the Saxon meare, a bound ; and mearcen, mearcian, to ut our, mark diftinAly,* &c. in the ſame language-
c. *- With the Corenet. Hol. 2. Comes domeſticorum, Lord Great Maſter of rhe Houſhold ; Comes ſacrerwm largitionem,, Lord High Tres-
'er ; Comes ſacrevefits, Maſter of the Wardrube,z Comer Stabuli, Maſter of the Horſe ; Cores Theſauri, Treakirer ; Comer Orientis, Liemer
Aaus of the Comer Brit anna, Cemes Africe, &«e. Hel.
perjc=
The Degrees recs of England. =
CLIX
- TO IEEE Om cw. oe
#* Pſpudo-
comics.
Girdirig
with 2
{word.
+ Penbro-
ca in o- the ſon Peter, with: that
ther wri-
rer's.
® Traben
honorgris.
Sper -
14NICH.
CountsPa-
latine.
em
perſon's. So that Polidore Virgil; as to the cuſtom |
, delivers this right ; I: #
Dn re en 2
poſed_of at the pleaſure of the Prince, even wit ag
ſeſſion. of ſuch places whence they dereve their rit
' Upon which account, the King uſs give s to ſuch as
I Ca Bles that, a certain an-
nual out of the wer |
were formerly created without any farther
than the bare delivery of the Charter.
Under en, who ſeiz'd the Crown whilſt the
Kingdom was embroiled with civil} wars, there were
ſeveral who ſized the title of Earl, whom the Hi-
of the Church of Waverly calls * falſe Eark, and
imagivary Earls, where it tells: us how Henry 2. eje-
them. But King John ( asfar as ervation
has carried me) was. the firſt that uſed the girding
with a ſword. - For Roger of Hoveden writes thus:
Ki; Fon, on his Carovas. » £7 5 HW/iliam
Wh the ſword of the County of + Strigulia, and Geffry
of the County of Eſſex and
thoſe, tho" they were before that called Earls, and bad the
government of their Counties, were not yet girt with the
[word of the County 3 but that wery day they ſerved ar rhe
King's table with their ſword; on. 1n the following age
there was, an additional ceremony of. putting on: a
cap with a golden circle (which s now
into a Coronet with ) and a *Robe of Srate.
Which three, namely 2 ſword and abelt, a cap with
3 Coronet; and a Robe of State, are at this day car-
ried by ſo many ſeveral Earls before ' him who. is to
be created; and ''then :he. is introduced to che King,
{et upon his Throne, between two Earls in Robes of
Yate, and himſalf in a +Surcoat; where kneeling up.
an, his knees, whilſt the Inſtrument of his Creation is
read, at thefe words; Zbe /awe:T. we advance, create,
honour, prefer got __ —_ yh w_ wrap
ly give, grant, and bj the giras a really
ly oh = name, of 7, bona, ahi and dige
nity of Karl of S. to Kb puts'on him the long robe,
hangs-a {word at his neck, puts a Capwith a Coronet
upon his head, -and-delivers into his hand the Inftre-
ment-of his Creation; f ſoon as *tis _ _
thugs do-not-properly; belong to my deſigns as
to a cultora now wn. [uſe that whotver is to be crea-
cedb Earl, if ha be'not.a-'Baroh before, muſt firft be
adyanced to the digniey of a Baran ;/ ita new upſtart
thing, and only. practiſed fince King Henry the 8th's
days. Now amovgſt the Earls gras, thoſe
were by .much-the moſt-: e, who were cal.
led + Counts Falating; For as the Title of Palatine was
2 name commoert- to all who had-any office in the
cceremon
P.Pickens King's Palace, i that of Count Palatine was a title of
Vicoun's.
Barons.
Filth«15:
honour conferr'd upon ſuch who were before Palatind,
with che addition off a>Royal authority to judge in
their own territary,? |
| —_— Earls, the VICOUNTS follownextin
order,. called in Latin Fice-comires. Thus, as to the
office, is an antiene title, but as rothe dignity bur mo-
dem-z for it was-never heard of amqngit us before
Heary the fixth's cime.
. 'As the Greater . Nobility, the BAR ONS
have'the nextplacej And here, tho' I am not igno-
rant what the learned write concerning the fi
cion of thiswordin-Cicero; yet | am willing to cloſe
with the opinion-of Hidore, and an antient Gram-
marian, who will have. Barons to be merc Soldi-
ers... Phis that known place of Hirtius in The Alex.
audrian war leems to make pretty evident. It is thus:
They rw to the aſſiſtance of Caſſixes : for be alway: nſed to
have Barons, and a number of Soldiers for ſudden oc.
caſings, with their weapons ready about bim, Nor is the
old Latin and Greek Gloſlary againſt us, which tranſ
lates Baro by «rig, 4 man; as always in the Laws of
the Longobards Barois uſed for a man, Burt the ery-
mologies of the name, which ſome have hammered
out, do not by any means pleaſe me. The French
Heraulds will have Barons to be from Par-bommes in
yers, as much as to robors be
which he ſays were formerly ti
from the * af Bar, 1. E. a free man,
Alfrick*s Saxon Gloſſary amongſt the titles of honour;
for there Dominas is turned Laford, which we have
contracted into Lord. And
ent of the Laws of Canu.
pare” ra po and Denimark; and even in that,
' tO different copies, it is read Yirong. Ba-
rom, ' Tham. But that the Barons are there
meant, is'plain-from the Laws of William tie Con-
queror, amongſt which are inferted thoſe 'of Canutus,
cranſlted into /Norman, where it is writ Baron. Take
the whole paſlage. But ler rhe * Exercituals beſo mo. on.
ſhall de thoſe orice
derated as t0 be tolerable, An Earl
-hings that are fating, eight borſer, four ſaddled ang four
unſaddled ; four tel caps, "and four coars of mail; eight
jevelins, and as relds's © for fiwords,' and. two
bundred mauce of gold. But a King's Viron, or Baron,
who i next to dim, ' ſhall beve four horfes, rwo ſaddled and
wo nnſaddled; two ſwords, forr juudins, and as many
ſweld:; one ſteel tap, and fifty +'mauce of gold.
In the:
| Vabvaſors
the
Thanes were reckoned in di
I
dal-tenures)' were the fame as Barons are ho
time has by and little made better and ſmoother.
But even thery it was not'ſo very honourable? for in
thoſe times there' were ſome Farls who had their Ba-
rons under them+"and I remember I have read'inthe
antient Conſtitutions of France, that were ten
Barons under one Earl, and as many * Chieftans under ,
a Baron. . *FTis likewiſe certain that there are extant «.
ſome Charters ſince the Norman ' ». Wherein
the Earls write thus, To all my Barons, as well: French
as Engliſh, greeting, &c.- Nay, even citizens of the
better rank were called Barons; fo in Domeſday-book
the citizens of Warwick” arc ftiled Barons; and the
citizens of London , with the Inhabitants of the
Cinque Ports, enjoyed the fame title. But a few years
after, as Senators of Rome were choſen by their c-
ſtates, fo thoſe were accounted Barons with us, who
held their lands by an entire Barony, or 13 Knights
tees and one third of a Knight's fee, every fee ( as we
have it in an antient Book ) bring & at rwent
pounds, which in all make 400 Mark. For that was t
value of one entire Barony ; and they that had lands and
revenues 10 this valne, were wont to be ſummoned to Par-
| liaments. It feemsto have been a dignity with a juriſ-
diction, which the Coxrt-Barons ( as they call them) cv
eat number of 9
do in fome meafure ſhow. And the
| Barons too, would perſuade us that they were Lords
who could give jt withintheir own juriſdiction,
( ſuch as thoſe are whom the Germans call Free-beir: )
elpecially if had their caftles; for then they an-
fwered to the ition of Baldus, that famous Law-
government in ſome one Caſtle, by the grant
And all they (as ſome would have it) who held Ba.
ronies, ſeem to have claimed that honour; fo thar
fome of our Lawyers think that Baron and Barony,
III OY
EOF theniture and authority of theſe Counts Palatine, ſee the additions ro Cheſhire.
3. As forte Earl M
; {'d Ma Jbais of England ; and
Ao pie,
Mowbray,
or p10 peas + red of gold enamelled black at buth par 4
wp f. Lord Beanment. Hol.
l of Cie Dag Rana 2. £ ove that title firſt to Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham, whereas before they were
et 917
be grazed it to T. Holland, Duke of Surrey, fubſtitured Eav1 Mwjbs
whens; before they uſed ong of wood, Hol * 4 Wie conferred that t::1e
Earl
the French, 'that is, of equa/ dignity; the Engliſh Law.
1, the ſfmnews of war ;
Germansthink its as much as RBanzer-heirs, i. ec.
: | Standard-bearers; and Iſidore, to be from * apr ,
ritle. | i. e. grave or weighty. Alciatus thinks the name la
comes from the Berones, an aritient nation of Spain, "t«
- but that
es me
The preciſe time when this name came Se
into our Iſland, | have not diſcovered: the Bri. **+
tains difown it ; there is not the leaſt mention made
of ic in the Saxon Laws, 'nor s it reckoned in
of the Notman times, the i";
| "NCXT 35x
and Barons; ahd the' Greater FB if ay
we may believe thoſe who have writ conperting Ds Eng.
that Baro may ſtem to come from that name; which ©
yer, whocalls him a Baron, rhat had a + mere and mixt +
; the Prince, *.,
, S »
bows 87 1
S = we
*-;
ul.
Tt y
The Degrees of England.
{Coventry..
| The Order of St. John of Jeruſalem, com-
Prior of & ag # ſtild Maſter. of the Knights of
Se.. 'Zown, and ' would be counted the
[xxVil
Earl and Earldem, Duke and Dukedom, King and
Kingdom, were as it were Conjugates. "Tis certain
in that age K. Henry 3d reckoned 1 50 Baronies in
OO —
clxxvii
tb.
dgrly,
, kng
7
nmnons
in a manner all the prime ers
ings honourable, the Baranage of England, mcluding
_— Hades off the Lines,
Dukes, Marquiſſes, Earls, .and Barons::-Bur that
name has come.to | the greateſt hononr, fince King
Henry 3d, 7out of fuch a-muleiude of rhem which
was feditious and turbulent, fummoned co Parlia:
ment by | his:'Writs fome of the beſt only.” For be
(the words 'are taken ont of an Aurhor'ot confide-
rable Antiquity) after rhuſe great diſturbances, and enor.
mous vexations between he King himſelf, Simon de Mon.
refort, anti othtr \Barens, were laid ; appoimed” and or-
damed, that all ſuch _ and Barons Lis: Kin =
of England, to whom the King ſhould 2 to
A Fhits of ſmnmons, ſhould La to his Parliateent, and
no others, wnleſs their 'Lard the King pleaſe 10 dirett
o:her Writs to them alſo. But what he begun only a
lictle before his death, was-ſtrily obſerved'by Ed-
ward the Firſt and his ſucceſlors. : From that time,
thoſe were only looked upon as Barons of the King-
dom, whom the King 'by ſuch Writs of farmons (as |
2 they term them) ſhould call to Parkament'?'; until
Richard the 2d, the 1cth of October, in the eleventh
year of his reign, created Fohn de Beaxrhump:of Holt, |
Baron of Kederminſter, by the delivery of iaDiploma: |
From which. time, . the Kings have atten cont
that honour' by a Diploma, or tather honorary Let-
ters, and the putting on of a long robe. And ac this
day, this way of creating Barons by. a! Diploena, :and
that other of Writs of _ ſurawmons are in uſe, though
they are greeted. not under the name of Bare, but
of Chevalier * Thoſe that» are thus created, are
call'd Barons of Parliament, Barons of the King4om, and
| Barons honorary, to diſtinguiſh them fromithofe which
are commonly call'd Baross according to the ancient
conſtitution, as thoſe of Burford and Walton, and
ſuch as were Barons to the Count Palatines of Che-
ſter, and of Penbroch, who were feuda/, and Barons
by tenure.
Thoſe Parliamentary Barons are not (like thoſe of
France and Germany) call'd barely by that name;
but are by birth, Peers, Noblemen, Great States, and
Counſellors of *the Kingdom 3 and are ſummon'd by
the King in this form, to treat of the weighty affairs of
the nation , and to delrver their Judgment upon them.
They have their peculiar immunities and privileges,
as, in criminal cauſes, to be judged by their Peers
only ; not to have an oath demanded of them, but
in ſuch caſe *tis ſufficient if they deliver any thing
upon honour ;, not to be called among the Fury of twebve
to enquire into matters of fatt ; not to be liable to
the Writs Supplicavit, Capias, Eſſoims; and a great
many other privileges which I leave to the Lawyers,
whoſe proper buſinels it is to treat ofthele, and things
of the like nature.
Beſides theſe, the two Archbiſhops, and all the
Biihops of England, are alſo Barons of che Kingdom,
+ or Parliamentary Barons ; as alſo were (in the me-
mory of our grandfathers) ſeveral belonging to Mo-
naſteries, whereof this is a Liſt.
|
5-126 land. Upon which it comes to pals, that in the || |
Conn and Hiſtories of that age, almoſt all. Noble. { - firſt Baron of England.
men are ſtil'd Barons /3 a term in thoſe times exceed | © theſs (as' to this day to the Biſhops) it be-
long'd by right and cuſtom, in every Parliament (as the
Publick Records word it) 10 be preſent 5n perſon as
Peers of the ' Realm along with the reſt of the Peers, to
ronſutr, treat, order, decree, aud define, by virtue of
thetr© Baroniei beld of the King. For King iam
the firſt {as the Eccleſiaſticks of that age complain'd,
thongh thoſs 'bf the next look'd 'upon it as their
greateſt glory } pur rhe Biſhopricks and Abbies (. bolding Matth.
Baronies m Frank almoigne, and [0 free from af ſecular Paris
fervices) unde military ſervice, enrolling every Biſhoprick
and Abbey, atcording to the number of ſouldiers he and
bus bereſfors might ; Fro in times of war, _
_ Since that, the ' Eccleſiaſtical Barons enjoy all the
immunities which the other Barons of the Realm do z
except, that they are not judged by their Peers. For
as they, by the'Canons of the Church, are not tobe
ere at ſanguinary cauſes, fo in the ſame cauſes
hey themfelves/are'to be judged in matters of fact by
ewelve Juty-men. _ But whether this be agreeable to
the ftri&t rules of the Law, let the Lawyers deter.
th Vavaſors of Vatugſors formerly took place next the Yovaſr:.
Barons, 'derivet by Lawyers from. /alve, folding-
doors ; a dignity that ſeems'to have come to us from
<he French. For whilſt their dominion in ltaly laſt. $29.
&d,* they call'd thoſe Yatvaſors, who govern'd the
:bmmon people or . part of them under the Duke,
Marquifs, Earl, or Chieftain, and (as Butler the
Lawyer words it ) © Had a full power of puniſhing,
< but.not the tight of fairs and markets, This is a piece
of honour, never much in vogue among us; or how
much foever it was, it is now long ſince by degrees
= difuſed. 'In ucer's age it was not-very con-
iderable, as appears from what he ſays of his Fran.
kelin, or free-holder.
A Sheriff bad he been, and a contour
Was no where ſoch a worthy V gvuaſour.
The Leſſer Noblemen are the Knights, E/quires, and Leſſer
thoſe which we commonly call Gentlemen, N-ble-
Knights, call'd by our Engliſh Lawyers in Latin Ke.
Milites, have almoſt in all Nations had their name
from horſes. Thus they are called Cavelliers by the
lralians, Chevalier by the French, Reuter by the Ger-
mans, Marchog by the Welſh, all with reſpe& to
riding. They are called Knights only by the Engliſh, a
word in the ancient Engliſh, as allo German tongue,
ſignifying Pry ſervant, or one that does ſervice,
and a young man. n which in the old Saxon
Goſpels the Diſciples are call'd Leorwung cnybts ; and
in another place we read Incnyht for a Client, and
our CommonLawyer,Bracton,mentions theRadenibtes,
i.e. Serving horſemen ; whoheld lands upon this condi-
tion, that they ſhould furniſh their Lord with horſes :
from whence by ſhortning the name (as we Engliſh
love contraftions) I was perſwaded long ſince that
Knights remains now in uſe with us. -
ut for what reafonthe Laws of our own Country, Knights
and all the Writers ſince the Norman Conquelt, *'y <*''4
I ai
»[Glaſſenbury, 1 (Waltham, S. Crofs. ſhould term them in Latin Mz/ies, I do not well ap-
: St. Auſt in's, Canterbury. Shrewsbury. prehend. Not but I know, that in the decline of
[5 Perer”s, Weſtminſter. Cirenceſter. the Roman Empire, the name of Milites was tranſ-
St. Albans, St. Peter*s at Glocefter. | ferr'd to ſuch as were always about the King's body,
ws | St. Edmundsbury. = | Bardney. and had the more conſiderable employments in the
> | Peterburgh. : £ ; S. Benedict of Hulm, | Prince's retinue. Burt if I know any thing of this
S 4 St, Fobw's of Celchefter, 9 Thorney. matter, the firſt who were call'd ſo among us, were
= Emweſhays. | << | Ramſey. they that held beneficiary lands or in fee, for their ſer-
Winchelcomh. | Hyde. vice in the wars. For thoſe fees were called 1Miitarie,
1Crowland. Malmesbury. and they that in other places are term'd Feudataries,
| Battaile. | | Sr. Marie's at Tork. were with us ſtiPd AMzites fouldiers, (as the IMilires or
| Reding. | 1Selbey. ſouldiers of the King, of the Archbiſhop of Canter-
| dbingdem, } | bury, of Earl Roger, of Earl Hugh, &c.) becauſe
ms
5. And it is noted that the ſaid prudent King Edward 1. ſummoned always thoſe of antient families, that were moſt wiſe, to his Parliaments ;
but omitted their ſons after their death, Yf thy were not anſwerabje to therr Parents in underſtanding. Hol,
ne; acknewlege Baron ts be @ nawre of dignity. Hol.
6. For the Cormminm Law doth
N they
- ae ta La ta_ *..£4
ol = % * - - mm = - .
_— PEI” at. com. iy. A. BM. Pet . _— >. —_——
2
* a t £
clxx1x
_ —_— ain £49224
| The Degrees
of England,
+ Pre ſol:-
ds
Solrdarii.
Banercts.
Purf. 2.
Pat. 1s.
E. 3. M.22
»©& 23»
Knights
| Ot Tic
Bath.
t Teruls.
they had by theſe perſons lands beſtowed upon them
,
.
then done with a deal of Ceremonies, which are now
on this condition, that they ſhould fight for them, | in a great mealure left off. Ar preſent thoſe who
and payithem fealty and homage, whereas others-who
ſerved in the wars + for ſo muchin money, were call'd
Solidarii, and Serwientes. However theſe (Milires or
Equites, which you pleaſe) are fourfold with us. Fhe
moſt honourable are thoſe of the Order of S. George's
Garter z "the ſecond, the Bamnerers; the third, ef rhe
Bath ; and thefourth fich as we call in Engliſh ſimply
Knights, and in Latin Equites aurati, or Milites, w
out any . addition. Of the Knights: of the Order of
S. George I will ſpeak in their proper.place, when
come to Windfor.. Of the reſt in this place briefly.
Banerets, otherwiſe, but falſly, call'd Baronets, have
their name from a banner ; for they wereallowed up-
on the account of their military bravery to uſe a ſquare
banner 'as well as the Barons ; and from thence they
are by ſome truly call'd Equites Vexillarii, and by the
Germans Bamner-hejres. I cannot trace their antiquity
beyond the times of Edward the third, when Eng-
{ita was” at it's height for martial diſcipline ; fo that
ei) rime ſets this matter in a clearer gh, I muft be-
leve that this honorary title was then firſt ty as
a reward to warlike courage. In.the publick Records
of that ape, _—_ the military ticles of Banerers,
there is mention alſo made of Homines ad wexillum,
men at the banner, and of homines ad arma, men
attending in arms ; which laſt ſeem to be the ſame
with that other. And I have read a Charter of Kin
Edward the Third's, whereby he advanced fobn
Coupland (for taking David, ſecond King of
in a battle at Durham) to the honour of a Banere, in
theſe words ; Deſiring ſo to reward the ſaid Folm, who
rook David de Bruw,. and cheerfully delivered him up to
us, and to ſet ſuch a mark upon his loyalty and valour, as
may give others example to ſerve ws Tia for the fu.
zure, we have advanced the ſaid Fobn to the Quality of
2 Baneret ; and to ſupport that title, have for us _ our
bers granted to the ſame John the ſum (ing L zearhy,
fo him and Fs heirs, &c, Nor may it de improper to
mention out of Froffardus, the form by which Fokn
Chandos, a celebrated fouldier in his time, was made
Baneret. When Edward Prince of Wales was ready |
to <Ngage Henry the Baſtard, and the French, in
favour of Peter King of Caſtile, John Chandos came
eo the Prince, and delivered into his hands his ban-
ner folded, with theſe words ; My Lord, this is my
banner, may it pleaſe you to unfold ut, that I may thus day
carry it. For 1 have, by the bleſſing of God, ſufficient re.
wenies for this, The Prince and Peter King of Ca-
ſtile who ſtood by him, took the banner in their
hands, and reſtored it unfolded, with words to this
purpoſe, Sir Fobn, as you expect ſucceſs and glory, att
with courage, and ſhew what a man you are. Havin
received the banner, he returned to his men jo
and holding it up, mv omg (ſays he) behold my
banner and yours, if you defend it ſtoutly as your own,
In after ages, whoever was to be dignified with this
honour (either before a battle, to excite their cou-
Tage, or after, as a reward to their bravery ) was
brought before the King or his General, carrying an
oblong Enſign call'd Pernon (wherein his Arms were
painted) and going between two of the ſemiorKnights,
with Trumpeters and Heralds betore him ; and either
the King or - on wiſhing him ſucceſs,commanded
the end of the Pexnon to be cut off, that fo the ban-
ner inſtead of an oblong might be made a ſquare.
As for the AMilites or Equites Balnei, (Knights of
the Bath) I have obſerved nothing more ancient of
them, than that this dignity was in uſe among the
old Franks; and that Henry the Fourth King of
England, on the day of his Coronation, in the Tower
of I ondon, conferred Knighthood upon forty ſix
Eſquires, who had watched all night before, and had
bathed themſelves : that he gave to every one of
them a green fide-coat reaching down to the ancle,
ſtrait fleev'd, and furr'd with minivere, and having
on the left ſhoulder two white filk twilts hanging looſe,
with -þ taflels at them. Theſe in the lalt age were ſuch
of the greateſt of the Nobility as had not been betore
Knighted, choſen to this honour at the Coronation
ot the Kings and Queens, or at their marriages ;
nay ſometimes, when their ſons were made Princes
of Wales, created Dukes, or made Knights. It was
ith- | Night, each,one being attended
]
;
| from thence to their chamber
are appointed by the King to be thus honour*d (1do
not intend to give a. full account of this Order) the
day before their Creation put on a gray Hermit ha-
bit, a hood, alinnen Cort, and a pair of boots, and
in that dreſs go devoutly to divine ſervice, to begin
their - warlare there, as. principally deſigned tor the
honour and fervice of God... 'They ſup together that
rwo Eſquires, and
ng 2; ater, ſupper they: withdraw to their bed.
; Where there is prepared for cach of rhem a
little bed with red curtains, and the: arms of their fa.
milies upon them , with a bathing Veſſel cloſe by co-
vered with a linnen cloth, where after prayers they
waſh themſelves, to them in mind, that they
ought to keep their bodies and minds undefiled for
ever alter. . Pretty early next morning they are a-
wakened with muſick, and dreſs lves in the
ſame habit. Then the High Comftable, the Earl Mar-
ſhel, and others eotickared. by the King, go to them,
call chem out in order, and give them an oath to fear
God, defend his Church, honour the King, main-
tain his prerogative, and prote& widows, virgins,
orphans, and all others, as far as they are able, from in-
jury and oppreflion. After they have taken this oath,
they are conducted to motning prayer, with the
King's muſick, .and the Heralds before thera : and
ain, where they put
off their Hermits habit, and "Tek themſelves in a
| mantle-.of red Taffata, bright and ſhining with thar
martial colour, a white hat adorn'd with a plume of
_ NE over their _— coite, _ a : ge of
whi es hangi a1 nas ge n of their
mantle. ,Then "47D Horſe; whichare accouter'd
with black faddles and other furniture of the ſame
colour, -fpecked with white, and a crofs on their
forchead. Each of them has his Page on horſe-back,
| carrying a ſword with a gilded hilt, at which there
hang golden ſpurs; and the Eſquires ride on both ſides
of them. In this ſtate, with trumpets b'owing betore
them, they march to Court, where they are con-
ducted by the ewo eldeſt Knights into the Kings pre-
ſence ; the Page delivers the belt and the ſword
hanging in it to the Lord Chamberlain, and he with
great reverence gives it to the King, who puts it on
overthwart the Knight, and orders the ſenior Knights
there to put on the ſpurs. Theſe were formerly
wont after wiſhing them joy, to kifs the knees of
the perſon to be Knighted. Affeer this Creation,
they us'd heretofore to ſerve up the diſhes at the King's
table, and afterwards dine together 3 ſitting all on the
ſame ſide of the table each under an Eſcutcheon of
his own Arms. Ar evening prayer again they repair
to the Chapel, offer their ſwords upon the alcar,
then lay down money and redeem them. As they
return, the King's head Cook ſtands with his knife in
his hand, exhorting them to ſhew themſeives faithful
and worthy Knights, or he'll cut off their ſpurs with
diſgrace and infamy. At the Coronation they atrend
CON in this pomp, with their ſwords aboutthem, »
eir
the colour of * a clear Sky ; with a knot of white ſilk
made like a croſs, and a hood upon the left ſhoulder,
But this may very well ſuffice upon a ſubje& which is
not particularly within the compaſs of my deſign. K
Now for thoſe Knights ſimply fo called without
other addition ; an Order though loweſt at this day,
yet of greateſt antiquity and honour in the firſt 1n-
ſtirtution, For, as the Romans, whole habit was a
gown, gave the fame to all that arrived at the years
of manhood ; ſo our anceſtors the Germans pretent-
ed their youth wich arms as ſoon as they were found
of ability to manage them. All this we may learn 2:\
from Corn. Tacitus in theſe words. No one by cuſtom *";
was to take arms, till the city judged him able to bear
them. ind then in the aſſembly it ſelf, either one of the
great men, the father, or one of the perſon's relations, h6-
noured him with @ ſhield and javdin. This x the gown
with them, this is the firſk honour conferred upon their
youth : before this they ſeem to be only members of a fa-
mily, but from that time of the Commonweal.
Now ſeeing theſe military young men were call'd
by them in their language Knechrs, as they are in
Outs 5
la
on, and attired in a blue mantle, that being *
id. 5s
[xxX1
>. their military oath, with.:their ſivords. drawn ;, ſo
* our Anceſtors, imagined
ter imterided to ſeal with his mother Ermentrud's ſeal,
for "being not as yet Knighted ) all his letters 2were ſealetl
of, England. -
\ 1x Pl
The Degrees
ours; I am of opinion that; the,original both of the
name and inſticution is to "be deriv'd from hence.
This was the primicive, and. moſt plain method of
creating Knights ; chat which was in uſe among the
Longobards, the Franks, our
fore-fathers, all of them
deſcended trom the Germans. Paulus Diaconus tells
us of @ cuſtom among the Longobards, :hat the Ring®s
ſen is not permitted to dine with his father, till arms are
beſtowed upon bim by the King of ſome foreign Nation.
And we find in the Hiſtories of the old Franks, that
their Kings gave arms to their ſons and others, atid
girt them witha fword ; and Malmesbury is evidence,
that our King Alfred conferred 'Knighthood upon
:. his * nephew- Arhelſtan, a very hopeful youth, giving
him a ſcarlet mantle, a beit fer with jewels, and a
Saxon ſword with a golden ſcabbard. _ Afterwards,
when Religion had gained ſo much reſpect in the
world, that nothing was to be done well, or ſucceſs-
fully, unleſs Religious men had a hand in it ; our An- |
ceſtors a lictle before the coming in of the Normans, |
were Wwonr to receive the iword from them. This !
Ingulphus (who: lived at that time) ſhews us. He
that was to be conſecrated to lawful warfare, did the even-
ing before make confeſſim of bus ſins with preat ſorrow
to ſome Biſhop, Abbot, Monk, or Prieſt, and being ab-
[olved, ſpent that night in the Church, in order to hear
Divine ſervice next day ; then he «ffer'd has ſword upon
the altar, and after the goſpel, the Prieſt put it, as 'twas
then hallcwed, int » Slog, upon the Knight; and
thus having recerved the ſacrament, he became a lawful
Knight, Nor was this cuſtom preſently in diſuſe a.
mong the Normans. For John of Salisbury ſays in
his Polycraticon : There was a.cuſtom, that on the wer
day, when any one 24s Knigh;ed, be went to the Chur L,
—
.
and putting 41s ſword upon the altar, ffered it there
as th ha pl pfſin | be had pres himſelf |
to the ſervice af the altar, and obliged bimſelf to be ever |
ready to affiſt 4t with his ſword, that is, do bis duty to it.
Perrus Blelenſis alſo writes thus :_ The young men at this
day receive their ſwords from the altar, that they may
thereby profeſs themſelues the ſong of the Church, and for
the honour . of the Pricſibaod ,, in taking it for the pro-
tection of the poor, the peniſrunent of malefatlors, and
the freedom of their Countrey : yet this proves quite .con-
trary to the deſign of its Inſtitution 3 for from the very
time of their Knighthood, they rebel immediately againſt
the Lord's anointed, and TOP hbavock of the revenues of
tbe Church, Nowas forthis cuſtom of having a ſword
girt on them, ic; 1s without doube derived from the
milicary diſcipline of the Romans. For,as they thought
« unlawful to fight an. enemy before they had taken
they could not lawfiilly go
to war, before they were conlecrated by this cere-
mony to that ſervice. And in that manner we find
William Rufus King of England made a ſouldier by
Archbiſhop Lanfranck. Yet thiscuftom
grew obſolere; from the-ttrme;- that
Ie was ridiculed and exploded by the Normans ; and
a Synod was held at Weſtminſter in the year 11
whereby it was decreed, that Abbots
Knights, Yet ſome interpret this, that Abbots ſhould
he.| were nobly' deſcended,” 'and' men of great
uld YM arbate + (1
Knight's-fee, (that is, if we may credrold Records,
* 680 *acres of land) claimed the honour of Kni#hr. * Ofliers
hood as hereby entitled to ir. Nay, jn Henry the
"Tfurd's reign, whoever had fifteen pound yearly re-
venue.in Tands, was compelled,in a manner; to teceive
this dignity 3 ſo thar the title was rather a bnrdenthan*
In the year 1256 the King i(ſred ont & Pro. Hiſt. Xi
an honour.
| gat-,
59.
mat ton, whereby it Was Or ered and declared throughont OE?
the whole Realm, that whoſoever had * fifteen F acres of £55
land, or above, ſhould be Knighted, for the increaſe f
T-
fire
Cavalry in England, as it was in Italy ; and that they Knights
who weld not or could not ſupport the
honcur of Knight. _ FRE
bood, ſhould compound for a diſpenſation. This is the rea- #*as ter.
fon why we fo often find in the Records. Fur * reſpite *2:ſp:&u,
of Knighthood A. of N. F. H. &c. And ſuch Preſent.
ments as theſe by the Jurors: R. of 'St. Lawrence
balds an entire Knightsfee, and is of full ape, and-mot yet
Knighted, and therefore amerced. Thus "y and ſome-
what longer, unleſs I am deceived in this obſervation,
in all our Law-forms (where a Jury of twelve men,
who are judges of the faq, 'are empannell'd ) any
one that has a Knights-fee'is ſtil'd Miles; or Knight,
and thoſe created by the King, Milires gladio eintt;.
And in theſe times when, the King made' a manu
Knight, as the ſame Matthew Patis relates, "be [at in
ſtate upon his throne, and m robes of gold of the muff
coſt Iy and beſt * Bawdkin, with a crown of gold wpon |
bis Head ; and to every Knight be allowd 1009's. for
equipage. And not only*the King, but the Earls alſo
conferr*d Knighthood in” that age. For the fame
Anthor makes mention; how the Eatl of *'Gloceſter
that purpoſe, to be created by what Knight ' he _
| time no one has received that
ſelf, or the Prince of Wales; permitted by” his Father
ſo to do, or the King's Lieutenant or General in ar
| army's arid that upon the -acconnt of brave 'a&tions
either done br e: ' of elſe- in hotigur of Civil
admifniftration. , And "this was without queſtion a
wiſe conttivihce /of our Kings, when they had no
ro
”.y pt. Dominzs, which is
not grant Church-lands to ba-beld -wyy Knight-ſerugge.
After that, it grew a cuſtom tbr Kings to id their | like
ſons to neighboulkng@ Priites tox#eceive hood,| {
at their hands. Thus our Hewy the Second was ſent |
to David King of Scots ; and Malcolm King of Scots
to our Henry the Second upon the fame errand ; and;
ſo our Edward the Firſt was ſent to the King of .Ca-
ſtile, to receive military 'arms, or virilia, { for that
was the form and expreſiion in fuch Crgations.at
that time.) Then alſo, beſides the ſword and girdle;
were added the gilt ſpurs, as a farther ornament ; and
hence they are call'd at this day Mites, and Equites
aurati, The privilege of a ſeal was alſo. granted
them ; for beforethis cinRure and creation they could:
not life 4 ſeal;as I infer from the Abingdon book,whick
has theſe wards, © 1#4:ich writing Richard Earl of. Ches
[carves, and: robes. richly embroulere
hts. the name Knight
acFÞficiogd! file of honour in
Kingi, Dukes, Marqueſſes,
Earls, and Baron;, were ambitious both of the name
and dignity.) ::And: here. l.:caripot but : infere whar
Marth." Floriiegws 'writes concerning the . creation, of
Knits in Tatar che firſt's time. -- For, rhe | of
bus expedition 489 Scotland, thei King. publiſh d 4:Rrocla-
mation\lgtely throughout | Eng ind, to. the end, that who-
ever were 'by\bereaitary {ugceſſion to be Knight s,,* and had
wherewithall to. ſupport | that, dignity, ſmould: be profſert 419
Weſt minſter at. the feaſt of Whitſomide, thereto ,yeceipe
all Knight ly accomrements |({ave Equipage or. Horſe-fur-
niture ) ous of the King s Wardrobe. Accordingly there
aſſembled thr her $09 young! Gemlemen, the forms of Earls,
Barons "and Knights, and had yum leveries,) filk-
with gold, beftoa'd
with his mothers ſeal. In the following age, Knights
were made upon the account of their eſtate, as One”
may fately conc!\ude; for they who had a great |
L |
4nd
Wpon them, according fo their ſeveral qualities.
| becaufe-vhe-Kwng"s-Palacey-though very Large, - Was -£08
. R T/ » ,
little to receive this concourſe, they cut down the. apple.
N 2 rec;
Bawa-
4no.
1306,
PY
clxtxiii
ourts of Eno land.
2 CR —=—— -
ch 7
The L'nwiC
Sat
_-
Irarios
bellicoſos.
Degrada-
tions of
Rnights.
+ Clypro
gen:ilirio
mverſo.
h as /o
Pas. xt.
H. :
Parlia-
Ment.
+ Novum trees about 1!
7: 1p !/:120.
* Per dex-
hbold,watch'd and pray'd in it. But the Prince of Wales
by his father's order, with the chicf of them, watch'd in the
Courch of We minſter. And ſo great was the ſound
of trumpets, minftrels, and acclaznations of qoy there,
that the chawnting of the Convent could not be heard from
one ſade of the (Quire ta the other. T he day following, the
knighted his Son in bu palace, and gave him the
The Prince therefore being
thus knighted, went to the Church of Weſtminſter, that
he might likewiſe confer the ſame honour upon them, And
about the high Altar, that
7 though every
& and
Kin
Dok. dom of Aquitain.
{uch was the preſs and thron
£209 Knights were lalbd, 5
Knight had at leaſt three or fo
defend them, The Prince imjel, the thro
Prark Was ferc'd fo knight [bem upon the
aving made bis wa ' thither * by bis war-borſes. At Pſe-
ſent, he chat is knighted, kneels down, and in that
poſture is lightly itruck upon the Shoulder with a
naked ſword*by the Prince, ſaying thus in French,
Sois Chevalier au nom de Dieu, i.e. Be thou a Knight in
the name of God : and then he adds, avaencez, Cheva.
lier, i. e. Riſe up Sir Knight, What relates farther to
this order, how famous, how | glorious, and how
brave a reward this dignity was Rok'd upon by men
of honour, among our Foreſfathers ; with what exaQ-
neck thay peactie fidelity and plain-dealing, when
It was ſufficient ſurety, it they promis'd «5 Knights,
or upon their Honour ; \altly, how
far they were above
the ſordid humour of (craping,
many fainte
ur Soldiers to con
was [0
and how they con-
tributed upon the account, of their fees, when the
King's eldeſt fon was. honaur'd with this ty ;
theſe things I leave to other Wricers, As alſo, when
they had committed any crime that was capital, how
they were.ſtrip*d of theur ornaments, had their mil
tary. belt took from them, ; were depriv'd of their
ſword, had their ſpurs Gut. off with a hatchet, their
glove took. away, tf and their arms inverted; juſt as
it is in degrading thoſe who have liſted themſelves in
the Spiritual warefare, the Fccleſialtical ornaments,
the book, chalice, and ſuchlike, are taken from them.
[ leave itlikewile to be. conſider'd by cthem,whether
theſe Knights have been by ſome. rightly term'd
Knights Bacchallers, and wh Bacchallers were not.
a middle order berw Hkghes and Eſquices. For
{ome Records run, Nomins Ablitum, Bacoalaureorum,
Hence, ſome will,
& Valeftorum Comites Pie.
have Bachallers to be calle quaſj Bas Chevalier 13 |
| new 7emple in London, ras'd the walls,
and ſet up Pavilions and tents, wherein theſe young Gen-
tlemen might dreſs themſelves in garments embroider\d with
ald; and all that night as many of them as the Temple would
Fe altar,
very rite, were {ſo mighty glorious and the eſtabliſh'q
rewards of vireue) became not vile, as they grew
common and proſticure co every orie that had the
vanity to deſire them. tmilius Probus formerly
complain'd ot the ſame thing in a like caſe among
the Romans.
Next in order to thefe Knights, were the Armiger;, «.
Eſquires, call'd alſo Scutiferi, Hoines ad arma, arid
among the Goths Schi!por, frow: bearing the Shield, as
heretofore .Scutarii among the Romans; Who had
that natne, either from their coats of Arms, waich
they bore as badges of their nobility ; or becauſe
they teally carry'd the armour of the Princes and
great met. For every Knight was ferv'd by two of
theſe formerly ; they carry'd his helmet and buckler,
and as his inſeparable companions, adher'd to him.
For they held lands of the Knight, their Lord, in E/.
cuage ; as he did of the King by Knights-ſervice.
Efquires are at this day of five forts; tor thoſe
[ but now treated of, are at preſent out of uſe. The
chief are they, who are choſen to attend che King's
perſon. Next them are the eldeſt ſons of Knights,
and their eldeſt ſons likewiſe fſucceflively. In the
third place are counted the eldeſt fons of the youngeſt
ſons of Barons, and others of greater quality; and
when ſuch heir-male fails, the title dies likewiſe. The
fourth in order are thoſe, to whom the King him-
ſelf, together with aricle,gives arms,or makes Eſquires,
adorning them with a collar of $.S. of a white ſilver
colour, and a pair of filyer ſpurs: whence at this day,
in che weſt parts of the Kingdom, they are call'd
Whire-ſpurs, to diſtinguiſh them from Knights or Equi-
tes Aurati, who have ſpurs of gold : of theſe the el-
deft ſons only can bear the title. In the fifth place
are to be r and look'd upon as Efquires, all
ſuch as are in any great office in the Government,
or ſerve the King in any honourable ſtation.
But this name of Eſquire, which in ancient times
Was a name of charge and office only, crept firſt m
among the titles of , as far as I can find, in
the reign of Richard the ſecond.
Gentlemen, are either the common fort of nobility, Ga
who are deſcended of good families ; or thoſe who
by their virtue and fortune have made thenifelves emi.
nent. Citizens or Burpeſſts ate fuch, as are in pablick
offices in any City, or elected to fit in Parliament.
common people or Yeomen are ſuch as fome: Yem
call ge wi, the Law bomines leyales, i.e. frecholders; gn
thoſe who cat ſpend ar leaft rty ſhilimgs of their cons
own, FRny: |
' Labouters ate fuch as labour for wages, fit to their
work, ate Mechanicks, Artiz.ans, Smiths, Carpenter «,&c.
b,
though others derive the fame from Battailer, a French
word, which ſignifies to fight. Let them farther EX- ;
amine,whether theſe dignities, which formerly,when
tern'd capite cenſi, and Prolerarii, by the Romans.
— a
= 4 Add.
—_—
F «LI a ail. c i. Mt. Mtn. Ali
M44 dt th. th tos
9 a 4 20" WES
S for the Tribunals or Courts of ;Juffice in
"England, there are three feveral forts of
_ them; ſotne Spiritual, others Temporal,
k. and one mixe or icate of both,
which'is the greareft, and by far the moſt honoura-
ble, cad the Parliament, a ch word of no
Fw W |
amiquity. * The Saxons our fore-fathers nam'd it
* PretehaLemor, that'is, ww wfſembly of 15/e-men, and
wx,vges 1) bo Cn Mic1] Synod, from 'the
greek word Synod, ing 2a great mettiny. 'The
Latin writers -of that _/g He % calf at Com-
mune Conciltium, Curia altiſſima, Generale Placitum, Cu-
The Law-Courts of
GLAND.
very
the
nogreat | geffes
latorum 3 collectorum, Commune totins regni
concilam, &-c. And as Livy calls the general Council
of Ecolia, Panerolawn, ſo this of ours may be term'd
_ properly Pananplinm. For it conſiſts of the King,
elect:
the Barons, and thoſe Knights and Bur-
ed ; or to expreſs my ſelf more plainly
in Law , the King, the Lords Spiritual and
Temporal, and the Commons, who there repreſent the
'body-of the Nation. This Court is not held at cer-
tain {et times, but is call'd at the King's pleaſure,
when things of great difficulty and importance are
'to be conſider'd, in order to prevent any danger
ria Magna, Magnatumi Conventus, Praſentia Regs Pre-
V0" 0 OI I © an th * i... ww Pe OO I I I
| that may happen to the State ; and then again, i
_ « Wikelts gemit '9 he trac Szxonr word.
—————_— ——
{ diflolv'd
- *%,
IXXXV
' The Law-Courts of Enzland
plaining laws, reverling Attainders,determining cauſes
of more than ordinary difficulty berween private per-
ſons; and to be ſhort, in all things which concern
the State in general, or any particular SubjeR.
The nexe Court to this, immediately after the co-
niing in-of the Normans, and for ſome time before,
was the King*s Court, which was held in the King's
Palace, and follow*d the King, where-ever he went.
For in the King's Palace there was a peculiar place
for the Chancellor and Clerks, who had the iſſuing our
of Writs, and the ement of the great Seal ;
and likewiſe for Judges, who had not only
hear pleas of the Crown, but any cauſe er
between private perſons. There was alſo an Exche-
quer for the Treaſurer and his Receivers, who had
charge of the King's revenues. Theſe, each of them
pl
were counted members of the King's family, and
had their meat and cloaths of the King. | ence,
Gotzelin, in the life of S. Edward, calls Palatii
Cauſidict; and Joarnes Sarisburienſis, Curiales. But
c+;5 beſides thefe and above them likewiſe, was the Fu{t-
ic: tra Anghie, and Fuffitiarius Anglia Capitals, 1.e, the
Lord Chief Faſt ice, who was conſtituted with a yearly
ſtipend of 1000 marks, by a Patent after this form :
King to all the Archbiſhyps, Biſhops, Abbots, Priors,
Counts, Barons, Viſcounts, Foreſters, and all other hu
faithful ſubjeits of England, greeting. Whereas for
poagyn: = arion, and the llity of our” Kin
dom, the adminiſtration of juſtice to all and
y our Realm, we have ordain'd our beloved
Philip Baſle Chs ice of England, during
poke 6-4 by the faith and
my, that in off things
you ſhall be fo = emf er
continue in the ſaid Office, Witneſs the
reignof Henry the third, it was enacted,
that the Common Pleas ſhould not follow the King's
Court, bur be held in ſome: certain place ; and a-
zkeer;- the Crozn, and
2: Rigs
Tt.
TLETM:
;
Comme , EK
of Wards, and the Court
ity, as the Chancer
Councils in the Marches
of Admwalty; others
, the Cort of Requeſts, the
Wales, awd in the North:
each of them mn their n= op places.
The King's Bavob, fo call, becauſe the Kings them-
ſelves wens want to im that Court, takes cop-
nizance' of all pleas of #2 Crown, and many other
—_— ro the King, and the weltbeing of
thepublick ;'i power to-examine and corredt the
errors of the 'The $ Here,
pngatwig ray Aaryorendt end:
are, ef.
as the
Arveerhowns vo Chief AE ei Orants Plas
; Fu[Þs 4 Pleas,
and four others or more to affiſt him. Officers be-
longing 260 this'Gourt, are the Cuffos Brewinw, three
O—— and many others of inſerior rank.
*\i45
wer to;
- | which
ſprung [ery all iffues
1 will here infſere what 1 have learnt from others, of
deriv'd that name from / a table at
clxxXXVi
diffoly'd wherever he atone pleaſes. Now this, with ftripes diſFaut about a foot or ſpan: i, bought ©
Court has the ſovereign power, and an inviolable} Eaſter rerm, A little after : 7h:s Courr, bid 'S fro
authority in making, confirming, repealing, and ex-| been from the very Conqueſt of rhe Realm by ;,,, 11/11.
liam"; "the diſign and model of it being taken j\,. 4,
K xcbequer hajn Sea. Here all vas. Ho WTF =
the King's revenues are decided. The Judges of :,
are the Lord Treaſurer of England, the Chaxcellor of 7.
Exchequer, the Chief Baron, and three or four other
Barons, "The Officers of this Court are, be King's
Remembrancer, the Treaſurer's Remembrancer, the Clerk
of the Pipe, the Comptroler of the Pipe, the frve Auditors
of the old Revenues, the Foreign Oppoſer, Clerk f the
Eſt reats, Clerk of the Pleas, the Marſhal, the Clerk of
the Summons, the Deputy-Chamberlains, two Secondaries in
the office 66 King's Remembrancer, two Deputies in the
office of the Treaſnrer's Remembrancer , two Secondaries of
the Pipe, four the other Clerks in ſeveral Offices,&c. In the
other ous the Exchequer,calld * the Receiving-Office, * #97:
two C rlains, a Vice-treaſurer Clerk of he Tallzes,Clerk
the Pells, four Tellers, rwo Foyners of the Tallies, two
Chamberlains, the Clerk for Tallies, the Keeper of
the Treaſury, four Purſeuants ordinary, two Seribes,&c. The
Officers likewiſe of the Tenths and Firff-fruits belong
to this Court, For when the Pope's authority
was rejected, afid an Act paſs'd, that all Tithes and
Firfs-fruits ſhould be paid to the King ; theſe Officers
were Inſticuted.
Beſides theſe three Royal Courts of Judicature ;
for the ſpeedy execution of Juſtice, and to eaſe the
ſubjet of much labour and e , Henry the {econd
ſent ſome of theſe Judg others,every year into
each County,who were call'd Fuftices Itinerant,or Fu-
ftices 3» Kyre. Thele had juriſdiction as well in Pleas
ofthe Crown as in common cauſes, within the Coun-
ties to which were ſent. For that King, as Mat-
thew Paris ſays, by the advice of his ſon and the Bi-
ſhops, «pointed Fuſtices over ſix parts of the Kingdom ;
to
every three; who took an oath, to do every man
righe nj This inſtitution expir'd at length in
the third's time; but was in ſome meaſure
reviv'd by an Act of Parliament ſoon after. For the
Counties _— divided into fo many Circuits, ewo of
the King's Juſtices are to go thoſe Circuits twice eve-
ry year, - for the trial of prifeners and Gaolkdelivery.
Hence, in Law-latin are call”d Fuſtici##;t Gaote
deliber ande. are likewiſe to take cognizance
of all Affizes of novel difſeifin, and ſome others ; from
are call'd Fuſtices of Afſize 5 and allo to.
party and party in any of
the King's three great Courts, by Recognitors of the
fame Peerage, as the cuſtom is. Hence they are call'd
Fuſt ives f Nj privs ; from the Writs dire&ted-to the
Sheriff for theſe tryals, which have the words Ni
prixs inn them.
Tho * Ster.Chamber, or rather the Court of the Tye Sear:
King's Counal, takes cognizance of all matters crimi- Chamber,
nal, perjuries, Impoſtures, Cheats, Exceſſes, &c. This
Court, ff we conſider it in of ſtar and
dignity, is ancient and honourable above all others.
| For it ſeems to be as early as Appeals from the Sub-
| jos: to their Sovereign, and the very: birth and riſe
| of che Council. 'The Judges of it, are men of
the elt honour and eminence, being thoſe of the
King's Privy Council. #*t has had the name of the
ErarChember, ever fince this Court was held in the
StariChamber in Wetminſter ; which has now been
a long time fer a part to that uſe. For in an Act of
Parliament in Edward: the third's time, we find Con.
—- ;
tincranc.
| feilon'le Obambre des Efoiclles, pres de Is receipre al Weſt
»mſter, i.e. The Council in the Star-Chamber near
the . Receipt at Weſtminſter. The authority and
jurfdiction of this Court was nary and confirm'd
by an Aof Parliament, procur'd by that wiſe Prince
Henry the 7th; fo that fome have falfly aſcribed the
which
ES oy
ta tern foot | om
a table ro fit wi yr Are tho.
fmgers breadth. Upon it is ſpread 4 bark of Mock.
DNS
ſat. Boer ſo-Gervaſius Tilburienſis writes.
the year 1160. The Exobequer is @ ſquar
broad; eomriv'd lik.
infticurion.of it to him. | The Judges of this Court
are the Lord Chancellor f England, the Lord Treaſurer
of England, the Lord reſide of the King's Council,
fowr| the Lord Keeper of rhe Privy Seal, and all thoſe of the
lour,, King's "Council, whether perſons ſpiritual or cem-
_—
_
b This Court is finee"Mr. Camden's time taken away.
5
—— — — — ———— - 0 A
poralz
_
Cheoxxvii The Law Courts of Enyland. clxx
. 7 ofthe Barons of the Realm as the | bat all rhings be diſpoſed of by bis advice... Allo; * that %;
pang 5a Fine, with the !wo Cbief Feſtices, _ by the grace of God, leading 4 juſt and upright Life, be fo
S Tadges 1n their abſence. The Officers, | #2( sf be will bimſelf ) die Archbiſhop : Wyereupon it y,.\
m_ ulerk of the Council, the Clerk of tbe Writs, | is, that the CHANCE LLORSHIP # nat to be bought. _
f the proceſs in the Star.Chamber, &c. Cauſes of| The manner of creating a Chancellor (tor that I ,,
Rn _ . ery'd per Pares according to the | have a mind to take notice of ) in King Heary the =»
<.ommon-Law, but after the method of the Civil- ſecond's time, was by hanging the Grear Seal about ſer,
Law. the neck of the perſon choſen tor that office.. Yet in vu.
The Court of « Wards and Liveries ( which is fo Henry the ſixth's reign, the method was: thus, as it Ge
ad
+ oxy * + ans) "Nw vs be 2 — > IT -- ”
ans: 6 : —
Ong er EU AO EAT eee 4s wo 4 - S ” $4 oY
Ge VIE Pali + AR
. A yu . > ED EY ON. &L x a N,» o +. ACSX + © las 7 "
—————_————— rr wor — _ © 0 _—_ _
OY) OY WOO OCR GAs a on er ORG LE SOUR 4 HT RESO WE ener \
ure : :
o Wards call'd from Minors, whoſe cauſes are here try*d ) | appears from the Records : Upon the death of the Chan.
was inſtitured by Henry the 8. whereas before, all bu-
ſines of this nature was determined inthe Courts of
Chancery and Exchequzr. For, by an old Cuſtom, deri-
ved frem Normandy, and not (as ſome write) in-
ſticured by Henry the third, when any one dies hold.-
ing lands of the King # capite by Knight's ſervice,
both the heir, and the whole c{tate with the reve-
nues of it are in Ward tothe King, till he has com-
pleated the age of one and ewenty, and then he may
lue out his livery. The Judge in this Court is the
Maſter-General ;, under him a Superviſor of the Live-
ries, an Attorney-General, a Receiver-General, an Audi
tor, a Clerk of the Liveries, a Clerk of the Court, forty
Feudarjes, and a Meſſenger.
In after-ages, were inſtitued two other Courts, for
corretling of errors ; the one for thoſe of the Exchequer,
the other for 1hoſe of the King's Bench, Thei Judges
of the firſt were the Chancellor, and the - Treaſurer of
England, taking ſuch of the-Judges to their athaſtance
as they ſhould think fit; thoſe of the latter, were the
Fudges of the CommonPleas,and theBarons of the Exchequer.
1 he Court of Admiralty has juriſdiction, 4n marine
"pa affairs; and-is adminiſtred by the Admiral of England,
ralty. his * Lieutenant, a Judge, ts Clerks, a Serjeant of the
moqgag _ and the Vice-4dmirals. Now tor the Courts of
:quity. |
TheCourt The Chancery takes its name from the Chancellor,
of Chan- a ticle of no great honour under the old Roman Em-
” perors, as may be learnt from Yopi/cus. At- preſent,
it is a name of the greateſt. dignity ; and .the Chan-
cellors are raiſed to the higheſt honours 4n the State.
Calliodorus derives the ward ut ſelf. a; cancels, 1. e.
rails, or Baliſters, becauſe they examine matters f in
* Teo a priv&Gapartment enclos'd with rails, fuch as the
Cancels Latins call'd-Cancelli, Conſeder, ſays he, by what name
oe 5 you are call'd, \ What you do' within the rails cannot \be a
Lib.ii, ſecret : your doors are tranſparent, your cloyſters he open,
and your gates are all windows, ' Hence 1t plainly ap-
pears, that the Chancellor ſar expos'd to.,gyery one's
view Within the rails or canceſs; fo that his name
{eems to be deriv'd from them. : Now it being the
buſineſs of that Miniſter, , who is ( as it were ) the
mouth, the eyes, and ears, of the Prince, to\{trike or
bom daſh out with croſs lines * lattice-like, ſuch writs or
4% judgments, as are againſt law, or prejudicial to the
ſtate, not improperly call'd Cancelling z, lome think
the word Chancellor to be deduc'd from.it. And
thus we find it in a modern Gloſlary : ..4, Ghancelor xe
he whoſe office us to inſpect thewpritings and anſwers of the
Emperor, to cancell thoſe, that are wrong, and fig thoſe
that are right. . Nor is that of; Polidore Yargil erue
namely, thas William tbe Conqueror inſtituted. g College of
Scribes to write letters-patents,. and nam'd the-, bead of
that ſociety a CHANCELLOR :: for it is evident, that
Chancellors were in England, ,before the Conqueſt.
How great the honour and, authority of Chancellor |
is -# this day, is ſo very wok SROWD; that I need pod
enlarge upon it : yet it will, not be improper to ſub:
et word or two from an'old Author, to ſhew of
Robert what note x was formerly. The x. cd of. the Chan.
ores Cor of England is this, be is reputed 1 ſecong perſon
liv'd un- #12 +8 Kingdom, and next unto the King : with the: King's
cer Her.2, ſeal (whereaf be has the keeping) be may, ſeal | bis. on
injunctzons to diſpoſe f the King's Chapel as be Pleaſes ;
7 receive and bave the cuſtody of. all Archbiſbapricks, Bj-
ſhpricks, Abbies, and Baronies, vacant and fallen. into.
che King*s bands ; 'to be preſent' at the King*s Counſels,
. and repair thither without ſummons ; to ſeal all things by
the band of bis Clerk who carnies. ihe King's ſeal; and
- —O— _— — — —
cellor of England, the three great Seal, one of gold and
the other two f filver, which were kept by the Chancellor,
are, smmediately after his deceaſe ſhut up m a wooden cheſt,
faſt lock'd and ſeal'd by the Lords there preſemt, and |o
convey d into the Treaſury. From thence they are broug bt
to the King, who in the preſence of many of the Nobuuty
delivers 5 ſame into the hands of him that is to be the
ſucceeding Chancellor, and undertakes tbe Charge of that
office, having firſt rook an oath before bim, that be will
duly Anas £ the ſame. Firſt then be delivers up the great
ſilver ſoal, next that of gold, and laſtly, the other of /utver,
in the preſence of greas numbers of the Nobility. After
he has thus receru'd them, be puts them imo the cheſt
again, and ſo ſends them ſeaPd bome wbere,before certain of
the Nobility, be cauſes the King's writs and briefs to be
ſeal'd. with them, When a Chancellor is diſplac'd, be
delivers up thoſe three ſeals into the King's bands, m the
preſence of many of the Nobility, firſt the ſeal of Gold,
then the broad ſeal of ſulver, and next, the ather of a leſs
ſize, At this day only one ſeal is delivered to the
Capacitor - nor is there any mention to be found of
thete three ſeals, but in the reign of Heary the (nah,
In proceſs of time, much honour 'and authority was
added to this othce of Chancellor by, A& of Parlia-
ment ; eſpecially, ſince ſo much nicenels:and ſubtilry
has crept {n among the, Lawyers, who have made
their pleadings ſp ditficult and enſnaring, that a Court
of Equity was found necellary ; which was commie-
ted to the Chancellor, that he might judge according
to the rules of right and equity, and moderate the
rigour of exact jultice, which:is olten-dawan-right in-
jultice and oppreflion. : There preſide in'this Court
the Lord Chancellor of England, and twelve Maſters of
Chancery, : as Aſſeſſors to. tim : the chief where of s,
the Keeper of the Rolls belonging to that, Court, and
thence call'd' Magi/ter Rotulorum, or Maſter of the Rolls.
There axe alſo many + other Otfigers: belonging to
this Court ; ſome of them, Goncern'd about the King's
Seal, namely, the Clark. of the Crown, the Clerk ”_
Hamper, A Sealer, 1A 'Chauff-wax, A Cymprroller of
the Hamper, twenty, for Curſuors, and-a Clerk far the
Sub-pzna-writs, Others concerned in the Bills there
exhihited\ are, s Prothonotary, the Six" Clerks, or At»
torneys of the Court, and a Regiſter. There are alſo
the .three Clerks of 'the peric bag, a Clerk of the
Preſent otpne, a Clerk of the Faculitzy, a Clerk, fer exd-
mining Letters-Patents, @, Clerk for Dimiſhens, &c,
'There:is another Cay allo ariſing from the King's n,
Privy Council, calld ;be Core .of Kequeſtsg from the « #
addreſles: of Petitioners; dotiver'd there,; where pri-
| vato-caules. are heard. as in, Chancery, if firlt preten-
ted to-the King of his- privy Council +. though fome-
times Otherwilge: ; In this. Court, bulingk is-manag'd
by ;the Aſaſters of the Reqney <, and a Clepte,or: Regijter,
with two or three - Arturweys. As for-thols Councils
held in the Marches jof Mates, and in the. gYorth, I will
creat of them, God. wilkng, mn anothee-place.. |
'The Ghiet Spiritp4l-Cqurts, are, the Syave, : which ...
is call diche, Corvocationangd.as always'theld at the fame Ga
time that a Parliament's; and the Provincia! Symod:
'in both Provinces. {++ c
" 191430 114
After. theſe are the Courts of the Archbiſhop of ,,..
Camerbusy;4 natne!ly, the, Covrs of Archer: the judge «
of Which is the Deas of tbe} Arches, 16.gH1'd: trom +
St, Mary*s Church in:Londati, tamous, fYor,.fkrs arch'd
iteeple.:. All Appeals within the province of Cancer-
bury-are.made to hint There are in thisCourrt 16
Adwgcates, or more, as the Archbiſhop ſhalt think tic, al!
of chem Doctors of Law; two Regiſters,andien Proctors.
—_—
—_—
—— — — — - - —_— — —_—
c The Court of M'ards is now taken away. 7 He 77 cal-a DEAN, for
Bijbiap of London ; which number matech 8 DEANERIE, 11>),
— — = - =_ a - -—
— I_
that he hath ;uriſdiFion in 13 Pariſhss of Londen, exempt from *#t
% The
hs WU am FF * _ 7#
of England. =
© "The Court of Audience, where allcomplaints, caules,
1nd appeals in this Province are receiv'd.
The Court of Prerogative, where the Commiſſary
iudges of inhericances, whether deſcended without
Wl Or devis'd.
\.» The Court of Faculties, manag'd by a * m_—
u- who takes cognizance of all grievances repreſented
3, © him, by fuch as defire that the rigour and ſeve-
* rity of the Canon-law may be moderated; and a
Regiſter to record ſuch diſpenſations as are granted.
or The Court of Peculiars, which has juriſdiction in
u- certain pariſhes exempt from the Biſhop of the Dio-
cls where they lye, and thoſe Peculiars that belong
to the Archbiſhop, with other things of le note,
] willingly omit: For 1 mult contefs it was impru-
wrt
dent in me, to dip at all in a ſubje& of this nature ;
however, Guicciardin encoura
example, in his deſcription of t
and thoſe chiefh =
Magiſtrates is Realm, the
the Treaſurer, the Prefident
of the Privy Seal, the Lord Chamberlain, the Lord High
Conſtable, the Lord
Houſe, &c. But fince I hear that this is deſign'd by an-
other hand, I am fo far from
ed me to it by his
| Netherlands.
I intended here to have inſerted ſome few things,
ing the antiquity of the great
aforeſaid,
the Council, the K
, the Steward of the King's
offering to foreſtall it,
chat Pl willingly without more ado even impart to
the Undertaker, whatever obſervations [ have already
made upon thoſe heads.
A poſthumous Diſcourſe concerning
tiquity, and Office of Earl
Camden.
UCH is the uncertainty of Etymologies, that
' A do ns leaſt force,
ind crceibes called by an ancient Grecian,
Mdpree '«>d(ove, as proofs only, which do
nothing but ſef a good face on the matter. Never-
theleſs, when as Plato will have them admitted, if
there be a conſonancy and correſpondence between
the name and the thing named, we will produce
three Erymologies of this word Marſhall, wherein the-
name is or hath been anſwerable to the Office in ſome
part or other in ſignification. For the word, AMare-
{calls is uſed for a principal officer in the court,in the
camp for a Ferrar, and an er. The Germans,
from whom the word was firſt borrowed, called him
Mareſcalk ;, the Latins mollifying the ſame, Mareſcalias ;
the office, Mareſcalcia: The French Mareſcaux ;
and we Marſhall. All deduced from the German
Mareſcalk ; which according to the received opinion
is compounded of Mare, or mark, which do both,
lay they, ſignify an Horſe; and Scalk, which doth
not ſignifie skilfut, as ſome will, but an Officer, Ser-
vant, or Attendant. So Godſchalck is interpreted God's
ſervant ; and in the old German nunc dimittas ſervum,
this word Serves is tranſlated Scalk. So that joyntly
the word notifieth an officer and attendant about
horſes. This Erymology is confirmed firlt, ex /egi-
bus Alamannorum, {i quis Mareſcallus, qui 12 equis pre-
eſt, occidit, 4. ſolids componat. Then out of Chonia-
tes, who writing the life of Baldwin, Emperor of
Conſtantinople, faith, that this word Aareſcaldes |
noteth him, whom the Grecians called Iygwnreg my,
which, according to the name, doth ſignifie hint
which marcheth foremoſt before the Army. To
maintain this Erymology, they ſay, it may not ſeem
ſtrange, that ſo high an office as it is now, ſhould be
derived from horſes; when as all preferment in anci-
ent time, as one ſaith, had the firſt riſe from the Sta-
ble; and ſuch as were there brought up, proved moſt
ſerviceable horſemen ; and many other names, which
time hath advanced to high dignity, had very mean
and ſmall originals. But this Etymology lieth open
to ſome objections, as, that the Marſhals now have no
command over the horſes or ſtable ; but certain it is,
that in divers offices, albeit the funRions are altered,
the name remaineth. And as Varro writeth, Equi/o
among the Latins doth not only fignifie Maſter and
Ruler of the horſes, but alſo of all other things com-
mitted to his charge; ſo accordingly it is to be ſup-
poſed, this word Marſbal, not only to ſignifie an
Officer of Horſes, but alſo of other Civil and Mili-
tary matters appropriated to his funAion. It is ſaid
allo, that Mare doth not ſignifie an Horle in the Ger-
man tongue, but as in ours, that which is more ig-
noble in that kind, and that names are to be impoſed
4 potiori, And albeit it is moſt certain out of Paula-
the Etymologie, An-
Marſhal of England. By Mr.
as it doth ſtill to our Britains their deſcendants; yet
lay it is unfitting to compound one word of two
ifterent Lar But Quintilian ſheweth the cor
trary in Epir z Amti-cato, Biclinium, Epitogium,
being compounded of Greek, Latin, and other
Tongues; and to this Etymology do they incline,
which will have the Marſhal to be called in Latin,
Magiſter Equitum, rather than Tribunus Militum.
There is alſo another dedu&ion of Marſhal from
Maer, the Latin word Major, and Sala, which ſig-
nifieth a Ki in the High-Dutch ; for thar
were Magiſtri domws, and principal officers for
ering the Court.
There isa third derivation of this name from Marke,
as it ſignifieth a A4arche, bound, or limic, and Scalck,
which is A4nifter, as we ſaid before. From Mark
in this ſenſe we have Marchio, for a Lord Marcher,
and Mark-grave in the very ſame ſenſe : and there-
fore he relieth upon this opinion, which calleth the
Marſhal in Latin, Pretor comitatus Auguſtals, as be-
ing the civil Judge within the limits ofthe Court,which
we call now the Verge; for that the Verge or Rod of
_— TT ſtreecheth fo far : and they
alſo, which have the al call'd in Latin, Defig-
nator caſtrorum : for it was incident to his office to 2
oO
as it were an harbinger, and to appoint limits and
wp Tn in war and peace. theſe Etymo-
logies ppily one may be true, happily none. :
When this word entred firſt into England, I can-
not reſolve. I do not find that our Saxons uſed it,
or any other name equivalent unto it, unle(s it 'was
Stal-here, which ſignifieth Maſter of the Stable ; but
that may ſeem rather anſwerableto the name of Con-
ſtable ; yet Eſgar, who was Sral-bere to King Edward
the Confeſlor, writeth himſelf in a donation to Wal-
tham, Regie Procurator aul# ; Whereas William Fitz-
Ocborne, in the Chronicles of Normandy, is called
the Marſhal, I believe that William Tailleur the
Author ſpake according to the time he lived in, and
not according to the time he wrote of. Fauchet, a
learned-man in the French Antiquities, faith, the
name of Marſhal was firft heard about the time of
Lewis le Groſſe, who was in time equal to our Ki
Henry the firſt, and Stephen of England, and from
thence doubtleſs we borrowed that name as many
other. The firſt author that uſed the word in Eng-
land, was Petrws Bleſenſir, Chancellor, as he was
then called, but indeed Secretary to King Henry the
ſecond of England, who ufed this word Mareſcallus
for an Harbinger, in theſe words, complaining of
them, Epiffold 14. Vidi plurimos, oy Mareſcallis ma.
num porrexerunt liberalem, bi dum hoſpitium poſt longi
fatigationem itineris cum plurimo labore queſiſſent, cum
adbuc efſent eorum epulzs ſemicrude, aut cum jan fortd
[ederunt in menſd, quandoque etiam cum jam dormirent
mas, that. Mare ſignified an Horſe to the old Gauls,
| in ftrats,, Mareſcalli ſuperveniemes in ſuperbid & abufs-
l i
Cxci The Earl Marſhal of England.
one abſciſſis equorum capiſtri eject iſque foras fine deleFu |
& non ſine jactura ſarcinalis, eos ab hoſpitiis turpiter ex-
pellebant. %
The firſt mention, that I find af a Marſhal in re-
cord, is in the red book of the Exchequer, written |
in the time of Henry the ſecond; which hath reference | ſtate, |
| of King Richard the ſecond, de afſenſu Parltament; (ih;
unto the time of King Henry the firlt : Regis avas,
that is, Henry the firſt, fecffavit Wiganum Mareſcal-
lum ſuum de tenementis, que de eo tenuit per ſervitium
Mareſcalcia ſue, & Rex reddidit ea Radulphs filio Wi.
gani, tanquam Mareſcallo ſuo, What Marſhal this was,
I cannot determine. The ſecond mention of Mar-
ſhal is.ipthe firſt of King John, and hath alto a re-
ference to the time of King Henry the firlt, in this
Charter, where King John confirmeth the office of
Marſhal, unto William Marſhal Earl of Pembroke,
in theſe words: Fobannes Dei gratid Ofc. Sciatis nos
conceſfſſe, &> preſenti moſtr4 carta confirmaſſe diletto &
deli noftro Willizlmo Mareſcallo Com. de Pembroco ©
heredibus ſuis Magiſtratum Mareſcalciz curiz mſtre,
quem Magiſtratum Gilbertus Mareſcallus Henrici Regs
&vi Patris mftri & | Foarmes filins spſuus Gilbert diſvati-
onaverunt coram preditte Rege Henrico m Curia ay con
tra Robertum de Venoiz,, contra Williclmum de Haſt-
ings, qui ipſum magiſtratum calumniabantur ; & boc ju-
dicio, quia defecerunt ſe a retto, ad diem, quem es conſt i-
tuerat predictus Rex Henricus in Curia ſud, ſicut carta
ipſins Regis, quam Yidimms, teſtatur. |
Here is to be ngted out of theſe authentick Records,
that there were Marſhals in the time of King Henry
the firſt, anſwerable in time to the firſk Marſhals of
France, that there were more Marſhals than one ;
and that William Marſhal, Earl of Pembroke, had
only Magiſftratum Mareſcalciae Curie, that is, Marſhal
of the King's Houſe : which office was fo long in-
veſted in that family, that it gave them a ſirname ;
as alſo to other families, which have been Marſhals
in great houſes. And laſtly, that it was given to
William Marſhall and his heirs, and ſo it was cha-
lenged by them as hereditary. Nevertheleſs it is
certain, that the next ſucceeding King, Henry the
third, took away that office from Richard Marſhall,
the ſon of the ſaid William ; for among the grievan-
ces of the ſaid Richard, he complained, as ap-
careth in the Hiſtory of Thomas Rudborne, that the
King in theſe terms,/poliavit me officio Mareſcalcie,
uod hereditarid ad me pertinet & poſſedi, nec aliquo ad
illud me reſtituere woluit requiſitnus. Happily upon this
ground, which Rigordus the French Hiſtorian writ-
Sarum, Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, Hen.
Lord Piercy, John Fitz-Alane Lord Matravers
mas Holland Earl of Kent,, and: then Thomas
Mowbray, right heir unto Brotherton, had the office
of Marſhall of England, with the name, ſtite, title
ſtate, and honour granted unto him in the 2oth year
& hearedibus ſus maſculis de corgore. . Yet nevertheleſs,
the next year after, he being baniſhed, nt was granted
to Thomas Holland Duke of Surrey, as amply as ir
was to him ; that he might as well bay in the pre.
ſence and abſence of the King, a Rod of Gold, en.
ameled at both ends, wich the King's Arms in the
upper end, and his own in the lower'end.// After.
wards, according to the alteration of times, ſome.
times to the Mowbrays, and the Howards, deſcend.
ed from them ; ſometimes others, by interruptions
upon furidry occations, enjoyed the fame dignity.
What belonged to that office anciently, I have
read nothing, but that at a coronation of King Ri-
chard the firſt, William Marſhal Earl of Pembroke,
carried the Royal Scepter, which had the Croſs on
dm. top ; and at the coronation of Queen Heanor,
Wife to King Henry the third, the: Marfhat carried
a Rod before the King, made way both in Church
and Court; and ordered the Feaſt, as Matthew Pa.
ris writeth. There is a Treatiſe carried about the
Office of the Kar! Marſball in the time of King Hes.
ry the ſecond, and another of the time of, Zhomas of
Brotherton ; where | find confuledly what. belonged
to them in court and camp: as in court, that at the
Coronation the Marſhall ſhould have the King's horſe
and harneſs, and the Queen's palfrey ; that he. ſhould
hold the Crown at the Coronation; that he ſhould
have upon high feaſts, as the high Uſher, the table-
cloths and cloth of ſtate for that day; that he keep
the hall in quiet; that he ſhould bring offenders within
the Verge before the high Steward; that he ſhould
aflign lodgings, and when the King paliſed the ſea
each man to his ſhip; that he ſhould have for his li.
very three winter robes at Chriſtmas, and three ſum-
mer robes at Whitſuntide ; that he ſhould allow but
twelve common women to follow the Court, (in
which ſervice, I ſuppoſe, he had Hamo de Gaymon his
ſubſtitute, which was called Mareſcallus meretricum ;, by
which ſervice he held the mannor of Cateſhall in the
County of Surrey | that he ſhould have a Deputy in
the Kings-Bench; that he ſhould keep Vagabonds from
the Court. In Camp, that he ſhould lead the for.
eth in this age of the Marſhalſhip of France, Haereas-
taria ſucceſſio in talibus officizs locums non babet. And after
he was dead, and his brethren, his five ſiſters and co-
heirs, which, as appeareth by the partition, had eve-
ry one a thouſand tive hundred and _— pounds
yearly rent, began to contend about the ofhce of the
Marſhalſhip, and the Mannor of Hamſted-Marſhal, in |
the county of Berkſhire, belonging to the fame ; but
Roger Bigod, ſon of the eldeſt daughter, with great
difhculty obtained the ſame. For as Matthew Paris
writeth 1246. Aultiplicatis interceſſionibus conceſſa eſt
Mareſcalcia cum officio & honore Comui Rogero Bigod ra-
tione Comitiſ[e filie Comitis magni Willielmi Mareſcalli
rimogenit&, matris ſuz, His nephew, Roger Bigod,
rl of Norfolk, was enforced to ſurrender to King
Edward the firſt this office, with all his inheritance
in England, Ireland, and Wales, for certain infolen-
cies againſt the King : and this Roger, or his Unkle
Roger, was he, which firſt {tiled himſelf, as pride is
higheſt when downfall neareſt, Mareſcalius Angliz ;
whereas all his Predeceſlors uſed no other ſtiles than
the ſimple addition of Mareſcallus, as Gulielmus,
Richardus, Gilbertus Mareſcallus, Comes Pembrocie.
And no doubt, but as the greatneſs of William Mar-
ſha!l the elder, called the Great Earl, which he had
gotten in the minority of King Henry the third, gave
the firſt greatneſs to this ofhce ; fo there was a far
greater acceſs of dignity thereunto, when King Ed-
ward the ſecond granted to Thomas of Brotherton,
his half Brother, a Prince of the blood, the lands of
Bigod, and ſhortly after the office of Marſhalſhip with
the rights thereunto belonging, and pertorming the |
ſervice accordingly. After the death of "Thomas of |
Brotherton, we find William Montacute Earl of |
waid; that the Conſtable, with him, ſhould hold
courts in camp ; that he ſhould have certain ſpecial
forteitures, as armour and weapons of Priſoners ; to
appoint lodgings; tobe abroad till all be lodged ; to
have tees of armourers and victuallers of the camp;
to have all the armour and whole cloth of towns Ty
ken by compoſition ; to have ranſom of Priſoners
elcaped, if they be taken again; with many ſuch like,
too long here to be ſpecified: and in peace and war
the Marſhal ſhould execute the Conſtables command.
ments in Arreſts and Attachments; and that appeaT-
eth by the proceſs berween Grey and Haſtings. In the
ſecond ſtatute of Weſtminſter, held 13 Ed. I. when
many grievances of the Marſhall were complained
of, it was ordained in theſe words, Mareſcalius de 9quc-
libet Comite & Barone integram Baroniam tenente, de uno
palfrido fit contents, wel de pretio, quale anti virus per-
cipere conſuevuit, ita quod ſi ad bomagium, quod fecit, pal.
fridum wel pretium in form4 preditts ceperit, ad militiam
ſuam nibil capiat, Et i forte ad bomag mm nihil ceperit,
ad militiam ſnam capiat. De Abbatibus & Prioribus in-
tegram baroniam tenentibus, cum homag tum aut fidelita-
tem pro Baronizs ſuis fecerunt, capiat palfridum wel pre-
tum, ut pradicium eff, Hoc idem de Archiepiſcopus &
Epiſcopus obſervandum eſt, De his autem, qui partem
Baronie tenent, ſive (int Religioſt, ſrve Seculares, capiat
ſecundum portionem partss Baronie, quam tenent, De Re-
ligioſis tenentibus in liberam elymoſynam, & non per Ba-
roniam vel partem, nihil de catero exigat Mareſcallus,
And about that time were fer down all the Droites
belonging to the Earl Marſhall in a Roll, which was
aid up in the Wardrobe; but that vaniſhed ſhortly
after. For as it appeareth by Record, in the 18th of
Edward the third, the Kind direted a brief to che
+ Barons
2
1
7
y
1
4
Bids wt WW 5 Ori fin COP bas wy f O©& + = Riv au ws T7 vo
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The Earl Marſhal of England.
arons of the Exchequer, of the fees, and all things
nr belonging to the office of Earl Marſhal ; and the
returned in their certificate, annexed to the Briet,
nothing but certain petty allowances of warns haggens
candles for the Marſbal and Magiſter Mareſcalizs, and
for the four Marſhals for every day, qua faciant ber-
bergeriam. And out of the red book of the Exche-
quer, they certifie in theſe words : De officio Mare.
ſealcie ſurvivit Gilbertus Mareſchal, Comes de Strigal,
TTL eſt offcium tumultus [edare im domo Re , liberg.
tienes hoſpitiorum facere, oftia aule Regis cuſto lire, Ac-
cipit autem de quolibet Barone fatto Milite -@ Rege ©
quolib.t Comite ed die palfredum cum ſella. And by an
inquiſition taken about the 11th of Henry the fifth,
ic appeareth, that there belongerh to the Earls Mar-
Bench, the Marſbal of the Exchequer, with the off
of the Cryer before the Marſhal, and the Marſhal ©
the Hall of the King's Houſe, and ſome ether ſuch
places. Burt the greateſt encreaſe of the authority.of
this Office hath been,ſince there were no Conſtables:
for the Kings ſince that time have referred many
matters to them, which in former times were proper,
to the Conſtable. Neither had the Marſhal any pre-
cedency in reſpect of his place, until King Henry the|
_— in the 31ſt year of his reign, by Parliament
alligned him place next to the Lord Conſtable, and
before the Lord Admiral.
ſhals diſpoſing the office of the Marſbal in the fo
Williams Camiden.
—— ——
—_—
— —
= I A In
m—_——_—_—
__ —
The Original and Dignity of the Earl Marſhal of England. |
By the ſame Hand.
Ome learned men, mhich have diſcourſed of
offices and magiltracies, in reſpe& of ſome
conveniencies 1n — matters , have
thought the office of Marihal in our age, to
be anſwerable to that of the Tribuni militum 1n the an-
cient Roman ſtate; and of the Protoffrator in the
hte ſtate of the Greek or Eaſtern Empire. But this
name of Marſhall now in uſe, which in proceſs of
time hath afcended unto fo high a dignity, began at
ſuch time as the Goths, Vandals, Franks, and other
Northern people overflowed Europe, who fſetling
themſelves in the provinces of the Romans, liking
well their policy and governtnent, began not only
to imitate | 54 ſame, but alſo to tranſlate their titles of
civil and military dignities into their own tongues z
ſo they tranſlated, retaining the ſignification, Lim.
rane; Duces into Marche-graffes, Scutati into Shield-
Knights, Prefettus Palatii into Seneſchalk, Comes Sta-
bulr into Mar-ftaller, Miniſter Dei into Gods-ſchalke,
Prefetius Equitum into Mar-ſchalk. For all they, who
have lately traced out Etymologies, do conſent, that
as Mar and Mark ſignifie a horſe ; ſo Schalk ſignifi-
eth a ruler, an officer, or Provoſt. But the French
mollified this harſh concurrence of conſonants, and
have made of Seneſchalk, Marſchalk, 8&c. Senſchal and
Marſhall. This name (albeit happily the office might
be) was not in uſe in this realm in the Saxon go-
vernment ; only they had their Staler, which by 11g-
nitication and authority of Hiſtorians, doth ſeem to
be all one wich the Conſtable. But as this name
came out of Germany with the Franks into France ;
ſo out of France, firſt arrived here with the Nor-
mans: and Roger de Montgomery, which was Mar-
ſhall of the Norman army at the Conqueſt, is ac-
counted the firſt Marſhal of England. For ſome
years after, there is in Hiſtories no mention of this of.
hice, until in the confuſion under King Stephen,when
as Maud Fitz-Empreſs, for ſtrengthening of her part,
made Milo, Earl of Hereford and Conſtable of
England ; fo he, for aſſuring his fation, made Gil-
bert Clare, Earl of Pembroke and Marſhal ofEngland,
with the ſtate of inheritance, who in reſpe& of his
uſual habitation at Stryghall, was commonly called
Earl of Stryghall 3 in which office, his ſon Richard,
lirnamed Stronghow, ſucceeded, who firſt opened
the way to the Engliſh for the conqueſt of Ireland,
by whoſe onl daughter and heir, it deſcended to
William Marſhall, who had by her five ſons, which
died all without iſſue ; and five hters, the elde
of them named Maud, to whom, in the partition,
was alligned the office of Marſhal of England, with
the Mannor of Hempſted Marſhal, which, as it is in
old records, the Marſhals held in Mareſcaugid, &
per virgam Mareſchallie.
| This Maud was married to Hugh Bigot Earl of
Norfolk, whoſe ſon Roger, in right of his mother,
was Marſhal of England ; and after him Roger Bi-
diſpleaſure of King Edward the firſt, by denying to
ſerve himin Guienne, practiſing to hinder the King”s
expedition into Flanders, and diſſuading the Com-
mons to pay ſubſidies impoſed by Parliament in thar
reſpett, tor recovery of the King's favour, ſurren.
dred up to the King for ever, both his Earldom of
Norfolk, and office of Marſhal of England ;
which King Edward the ſecond granted to his | bro-
ther Thomas of Brotherton, from whom it came in-
heritably to Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham,
whom Kin Richard the ſecond created Earl Mar-
ſhal of England ; whereas in former time they were
ſtiled only Marſhals of England : and fo from the
Mowbrayes to Howards, late Dukes of Norfolk ;
yer this office hath not ſo deſcended without inter-
ruption in the aforeſaid families, but that upon disfa-
_ and attainders, it hath _ —__ _
red upon others, as appeareth by this Catalogue ©
them, wherein they are ſet down ſucceflively.
The Marſhals of England. |
Roger de Mont Earl of Shrewsbary. |
Watter Giffard: Earl of Buckingham,
Robert Fitz-Ede, baſe fon of King Henry the firſt.
Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Pembroke.
Richard his fon, Earl of Pembroke.
William Marſhall the elder, Earl of Pembroke.
William his fon, Earl of Pembroke.
Richard his brother, Earl of Pembroke.
Gilbert his brother, Earl of Pembroke,
Walter his brother, Earl of Pembroke.
Anſelme his brother, Earl of Pembroke.
Roger Bigot, Earl of Norfolk.
Roger, his brothers ſon, Earl of Norfolk,
Roger, Lord Clifford.
Nicolas, Lord Seprave.
| Thomas Brotherten, ſon to King Edward the firſt, Earl
of Norfolk
William Momacute, Earl of Sarsbury.
Thomas Beauchamp the elder, Earl of Warwick.
Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March.
Henry, Lord Percye,
Fobn Fiz- Alan, Maltravers,
Thomas Holland, Farl of Kent, half Brother to King
Richard the ſecond.
Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham.
Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey.
Fobn Montacute, Earl of Sarisbary.
Ralph Newvill, Earl of Weſtmoreland.
Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham.
obn his brother, Duke of Norfolk,
Holland, Earl of Hunting don.
obn Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk
obn Mowbray his fon, Duke of Norfo/k.
Richard, fon of King Edward the fourth, Duke of 774
and Norfolk.
Thomas Grey, Knight.
gt, his nephew by the brother, who incurring _
Q Jon
=
CXc1V
—_—
Sms
CXCV
| The Earl Marſhal of England.
CX
Under
vt 5127
I4ri ava
lycs.
Fobn Howard, Luke of Norfolk.
William Marquis Berkeley, and Earl of Notting ham.
H:nry Duke of York, ſon to King Henry the ſeventh,
Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, afterwards Duke of
Norfolk.
Charles. Brandon, Duke of Suffolk.
Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk,
Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerſet.
Fohn Dudley, Duke of Northumberland.
| Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, reſtored.
Thomas Howard his Nephew, late Duke of Norfolk.
George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury.
Robert Devreux, Earl of Eſſex, deſcended from Eva
de Breeſa, daughter and co-heir of William Mar.
ſhal, Earl of Pembroke, by the Bohanes, Earls of
Hereford and Eſſex, and from Ralph Bigor, brother
unto Roger Bigor, Marſhal, by Lacy, Verdon, and
Crophul.
Soon will perhaps expe to be informed under
the influence of what /ign and planer this Britain
of ours lyes. To ſatisfie fuch curious inquirers (for
] have took ſorne pains about thoſe learned errors) I
will ſay ſomething ; though the conjectures of Aſtro-
logers is fo different in this point, that the vatiery of
opinions may ſeem to ſhake the reality of the thing it
ſelf, and leave no room for truth. M. Manilius, an
ancient Poet, intimates that Caprzcorn preſides here,
in that verſe of his,
T#, Capricorne, regis quicquid ſub ſole cadente
E xpoſutum. ——
Thou, Capricorn, preſideſt o're
What ere lyes on the Weſtern ſhore.
Ptolemy, Albumazar and Cardaty, make Aries ;
John de Muris would have Saturn ; the Frier Perſcru-
tator, Eſquidus, and Henry Silen, make the Moor
the ruling Planer, becauſe it is, as they ſay, in the
ſeventh Climate. Roger of Hereford, , Haug of
Ravenna, a Philoſopher, and Hiſpalenſis, prefer
Piſces, To conclude, Schonerus and Piratus (fo that
there's no conſent in this matter ) ſubje& us to Gemini
upon no better grounds than the reſt.
Now, by God's affiſtance, I will begin my jour.
ney through the Counties of England ; in which
(according to the old way of prefacing, before any
work of difficulty was begun) I wiſh good luck, hap.
pineſs, ſucceſs, and fortune may attend me. In my Ty
Treatiſe of each County, I will ſhew with as much
lainneſs and brevity as I can, who were the ancient
inhabitants, what was the reaſon of the name, what
are the bounds of the County, the nature of the foil,
the places of greateſt antiquity, and moſt eminent at
preſent ; and laſtly, who have been Dukes or Earls
of them ſince the Norman Conqueſt. In this ſuccel-
ſion I have here drawn of the Earls (to own ingenu-
ouſly what aſfliſtance I have had from others) I muſt
heely acknowledge, that Thomas Talbot (who has been
very accurate in peruſing the Records of the Tower,
and is really a compleat maſter of our Antiquities)
has given me great light.
And now I will begin this work at the remoteſt
point weſtward, that is, at Cormwall, and thence will
proceed to a ſurvey of the other Counties ; in imita-
tion of Strabo, Ptolemy, and the moſt ancient Geo-
graphers, who in their deſcriptions always begin at
= moſt Weltern parts, as firlt from the great Me-
ridian.
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Out 4a
orth by t
HAT Traft, which according to Geographers ws as it were the firſt of all Britain, reach-
way toward: t |
Severn-Sea, on the South by the Britiſh Ocean, and on the ett by
Wet, = contrafted by little and little, and bounded on the
| S. George's Channel. It was formerly inhabited by thoſe Britains called im Solmus Dun-
monii, n Prolemy Damnonii, or as :
are more correly term'd in other Copies Dan-
monii. Which * name, if it be not deriyd from the inexhauſtible mines of tinn found in
thoſe parts, and calÞd by the Britains Moina ; does probably come from dwelli
b the whole County they live low and in valleys, a way of y
which the Britamms call Danmunith ; in which ſenſe, the very next Shire term'd b
Duffneint, 5. e. low valleys, at thi day. Ih
mountains. For thr
under
wellin
them
But whether the Oſtidamnii , called allo Oltidamns,
Oſtzi and Oſtiones, and mention'd by Strabo out of Pithaas of Marſeills, be the ſame
ASS
Ocean, over 4
bu Book
YES { with our Danmonii, I would deſire the Antiquaries to conſider a little more narrowly.
For (as they tell ws) they were ſeated in the remoteſt parts of Europe, upon the Weſtern
ainſt Spain, not far from the land Uſhant, or Uxantiſſla. All which circumſtances do exattly agree to
thu country of the Danmonii. And further, ſince by Artemidorus thoſe Oftiones are called
rbibus has hinted, 1 would entreat them to conſider, whether inſtead of Coflini we ought not to read Co- cgi.
flini ( as Stephanus i»
rini ; for this Country is alſo call'd Corini. After the ſame manner + Fuſii x read for Furii, and Valeſii for Valerii. If the
Geographers exclude the Oſtidamnii and Coflini Fom this place, it will be extreme hard to find any other upon the Weſtern
Ocean, to ſettle them in. Their bounds however are divided at this day into two parts, Cornwal and Devonſhire ; of
which in their turns ||.
* The moſt natural Original is from dar ( which from ſeveral inſtances
of Towns ending in duxum, yp to have ſignified a Hil!) and Moina
Mines ; 2s if one ſhould fay, Hills of Tinn-mines; for Which, no doubt, it
was anciently much more noted, than upen any other account ; and fo
kke to take my name from thence. + Qyintil. Inſtirur. 1. 1. cap. 4. And
=
to the ſame purpoſe Livy, lib. 3. E: Titum Veturium Geminum, ſrue ille Ve.
tufius fuzr. Pancirollus ma his Comment. upon the Notitia, p. 177.
thinks that the Tribunus Cohortis Cornoviorum, ſhould be read el B Bea,
and ſo would make that one of the Roman names of this place; bow truly,
let others judge.
LMRN
ORNWALYL, call'd alſo by modern Wri-
ters in Latin Cormubia, reaches out to the
Weſt the fartheſt of all Britain, and is
inhabited by thoſe remains of the Bricains,
which Marianus Scotus calls Weſtern Bri-
tains, . By them in the Britiſh tongue ( for
they have not yet quite loſt their ancient language) it
8 call'd Kernaw, as leſſening by degrees like a hors,
and on every fide running out. into Promontories, like
l many hers, For the Britains call a horn Corn, and
horns in the plural number Kers : tho' others will have
the name Cornwall, deriv'd from I know not what Cori-
ww a Companion of Brute's, and have it call'd Corinia,
according to that of the fabulous Poet ;
Pars Corinea datur Corinao, de duce nomen
Patria, deque wviro gens Corinenſis habet.
Cornwall by grant to Corinzus came z
The Country from the Prince receiv'd its name.
But if you look diligently into Antiquities, 'tis no new
thing for places to borrow their names from ſuch a
ſituation. In Crete and the * Precopenſian Cherſoneſe, pro-
montories are call'd Ke wimwre, Ram's horns, becaule
like Ram's horns they ſhoot forth into the ſea. So Cyprus
Was formerly call'd by the Greeks Ceraſtis, becaule it
85 into the ſea with large promontories, repreſenting
Herns [ a]. So that 'tis no wonder that this tract
ſhould be call'd Kernaw and Corn, ſince it is like a horn,
crooked, and (if I may fo ſay ) borw'd with promonto-
nes, Upon which, in the times of the Saxon wars,
when a great many of the Britains retreated into this
Country, ſheltering themſelves in the nature of the place,
(for as for the land-roads, they knew they were by
reaſon of mountains and the breaches made by Xſtua-
nes, in a manner unpaſſable; and thoſe by ſea were ex-
ireme dangerous to perſons altogether ignorant of
them; ) then the Saxon conguerour, who call'd foreign-
5 and every thing that was ſtrange," Wealrh, nam'd the
nabitants of this part Copn-pealex and Were-pealer
+ From hence aroſe the name Cornwallia,and in later
WIters Cornubia, as alſo that of ſome writers Occidua
Walla, i. e. Weſt-Wales. So far is Cornwall from bor-
"Owing it's name from the conquering Gauls, as is urg'd
y lome our of a complement to that Nation. Bur if
—
W 45 ie
they were as knowing at home as they are medling c,,q,aille
abroad, they would quickly apprehend that their Bre- in Armari- |
:agne upon the ſea-coaſt *, is fo call'd from ours; and ;,,...”
that a little Tra& therein call'd Cornowaille, where the Ss
Corniſh language is ſpoken, was ſo term'd from thoſe
of our nation tranſplanted thicher. For as thoſe We-
ſtern Britains of ours were afliſting to the Armoricans
in France, in their wars againſt Ceſar, ( which was
indeed his pretence for the invaſion of Britain, ) and
afterwards marching over thither and —— the
name, call'd it Bretagne : ſo in former Ages they fence
aids to their country-men the Britains againſt the
Franks, and in thoſe cruel Daniſh wars, many ofthem
went over thither, where they left that more modern
name of Cornovaille.
This County ( as if nature had deſign'd to arm it
againſt the incurſions of the ſea ) is for the moſt pare
mountainous : in the bottoms *ris of it ſelf pretty fruicful ;
but they make it incredibly rich with a fort of fea-weed
called Orewoed, and a fat kind of ſea-ſand. The ſea-coaſt oy,
is beautify'd with very many Towns, which are able
to man out a conſiderable fleet. The inner parts abound
with rich mines. For tinn, to the vaſt advantage of the Ti,q,
inhabitants, is digg'd up in great plenty, of which houſe-
hold veſſels are made, not inferior to filver in brightneſs,
and are carry'd for table-uſe to all parts of Europe.
d make their. tinn of lictle black ſtones, which they
either dig, or gather off the ſands caſt up. Now there
are two forts of theſe Stannaries or Metal-works: one +1. g.....
they call Lode-works, the other Stream-works. The lat- naries.
ter 15 in the lower places, when they trace the veins of
cinn by ditches, by which they carry off the water that
would break in upon them ; the former is in places
that are higher, when they ſink the holes (called Shafts)
to a vaſt depth in the mountains, and work by under-
mining. In hoth kinds they ſhew a wonderful art and
ingenuity, as well in draining the waters and reducing
them to one chanel; as in ſupporting and propping
up their pits ; not to mention their arts of breaking *,
waſhing, melting, and refining their metals, than
which nothing can be more ingenious # _ :
That the ancient Britains wrought thoſe tinn-mines,
is plain from Diodorus Siculus who liv'd under Augu-
ſtus ; to omit Timzus the Hiſtorian in Pliny, who tells Lib.s.
Caps
9.
; Wealb, Copnpealar, and Were-pealar, are the true Readings 3 ap being the Saxon Termination in the Plural Number ; and fo the
"8x Annals call them.
* Oppoſite to this Country.
A enewhat [moeth and round. 3 Stamping, drying. +
Wer found:d into metal ; and White-tinn, that « molten into metal ;
: The inhabitants do diſcrver theſe mines by certain tinn- ſtones lying on the face
] There are alſo two ſort?
and that is either ſoft tinn, which 11 bell merchawable ; or hard tin, leſs merc
of the ground, which they call Shoad,
of Tim; Black-tinn, which is tinn-ore, broken and waſbed, rol
a
A us,
- rd
3
MW SN MONT 1
- a tr..jJcwdtt. AÞAhtwwttend. ll. ZBAIlikc:
The Polity
ot the Tin-
ACrs,
us, that the Britains fetch'd tinn out of the Iſle * Ia 1n
their little wicker-boats cover'd with leather. For Dio-
dorus affirms, that the Bricains who liv'd in thoſe parts,
digging tinn out of a rocky fort of ground, carry'd it in
carts at low-tide to ſome of the neighbouring Iſlands ;
that thetice the merchants tranſported ir into Gable,
atid theri 6ri horſe back in thirty days to the ſprings of
Eridanius, or the city Narbona, as to a common Mart
Fthicus too, whoever he was, that unworthily goes
under the name of being tranſlated by St. Ferom ', inti-
mates the ſame thing, and adds that he gave diretions
to thoſe workmen, The Saxons ſeem not to have
medled with them, or at moſt to have only employ'd
the Saracens: for the inhabitants to this day call a mine
that is given over, Attal-Sariſm, that is, the leavings of
the Saracens *.
After the coming in of the Normans, the Earls of
Cornwall had vaſt revenues from thoſe mines, eſpecially
Richard brother to Henry 3. © And no wonder, when
Europe was not ſupplied with tinn from any other
place. For as for thoſe mines in Spain, the incurſions
of the Meores had ſhut them up; and the veins in Ger-
many, ( which too are only in Miſnia and Bohemia )
were not then diſcover'd, nor open'd before the year
of Chriſt 1240. At which time, as a writer of that
age has it, the mettal called tinn was found in Germany by
& certain Corniſh man baniſh'd his country, to the great da-
mage of Richard Earl of Cornwall. ? Atterwards a Char-
ter was granted them by Edmund, Earl Richard's
Brother, with ſeveral immunities ; by whom alſo the
Stannary-Laws were fram'd, and confirm'd with his
own Seal, laying a certain impoſt upon the tinn, pay-
able to the Earls of Cornwall.
Theſe Liberties, Privileges, and © Laws, were after-
wards confirm'd and enlarg'd by Edward 3. who di-
vided the Whole ſociety vt Tinners (that were, as it
were, one body) into four parts, or quarters, call'd
from the places, Foy-more, Black-more, Trewarnaile, and
Penwith. He conſituted one general Warden or Orver-
ſer over all the reſt *, who is to do juſtice both in cau-
ſes of Law and Equity, and to ſet over every compan
each their Sub-warden , who ſhould * every mont
within their reſpe&ive juriſdition, determine contro-
verſes **; and ſuch Sentences, from the Stamm or tinn,
are call'd Stannary-Fudgments: but from theſe an Ap-
peal is ſometimes made to the Lord Warden himfelt *:,
And teſt the tribute ſhould not be duly paid, to the pre-
judice of the Dukes ot Cornwall, (who according to
ancient cuſtom, for every: thouſand pound of tinn are
to have 4o ſhillings, ) it provided, that whatever tinn
is made, ſhall be carried to one of the four towns ap-
497 wh for that purpoſe ; where twice every year it
all be weigh'd, famp' , and the impoſt paid : and
before that, no man may fell it or convey it away,
2 without being liable to a ſevere fine. Nor is Tinn
the only Mineral found here; but there is likewiſe
gold, filver, and diamonds naturally cut into angles
and poliſh'd ; ſome whereof are altogether as big as a
walnut, and only inferior to thoſe in the Eaſt, in black-
nefs and hardneſs [ c ]. Sea-holme is found in great
plenty upon the coaſts; and all manner of grain, tho”
not without great induſtry in the husbandman, is pro-
duced in ſuch plenty, that it does not only ſupply their
own neceſſary uſes, but Spain alſo yearly with vaſt
quantities of corn, They make likewiſe a gainful trade
of thoſe little fiſhes they call Py/chards, which are ſeen
upon the ſea-coaſt, as ic were in great ſwarms, from
July to November : theſe they catch, garbage, ſalt,
ſmoak, barrel, preſs, and ſo ſend them in great num-
bers to France, Spain, and Italy, where they are a
welcome commodity, and are named Fumados, Upon
merchants when
0
which, Michael a Corniſh-man, by much the mof
eminent Poet of his age, writing againſt Henry of 4,
ranches, Poet-Laureat to King Henry 3. ( who had
play'd upon the Corniſh-men, as the fagg-end of the
world, in defence of his country has theſe verſe,
which I ſhall here ſer down for your diverſion:
Non opme e#} ut opes numerem quibas eft opulenta,
Et per quas mopes ſuſtentat non ope lents :
Piſcibus & ſtanno nu/quam tam fertilis ora.
'T were needleſs to recount their wondrous ſtore,
Vaſt wealth and fair proviſions for the poor ;
In fiſh- and tinn they know no rival ſhore.
Nor is Cornwall more happy in the foil, than it's in.
habitants ; who as they are extremely well bred, and
ever have been fo, even in thoſe more ancient time,
( for, as Diodorus Siculus obſerves, by converſation with
thither for tinn, they became more courteom
ro ffrangers;) 10 are they luſty, ſtout, and tall: their
limbs are well-ſer ; and at wraſtling ( not to mention
that manly exerciſe of hucling .the Ball ) they are 6
eminent, that they go beyond other parts, both in art,
and a firmneſs of body requir'd to it. And the fore.
mention'd Poet * Michael, after a long harangue mad:
upon his country-men , telling us in his jingling verk,
how Arthur always ſet them in the front of the bare,
at laſt boldly concludes,
&uid nos deterret ? i firmiter in pede femme,
Frans ni wos ſuperet, mbil e#t quod non ſuperems.
What can cer tright us if we ftand our ground ?
It fraud confound us not, we'll all contound.
And this perhaps may have given occaſion to tha
tradicion, of Giants formerly inhabiting thoſe pars
For Hauvillan, a Poct who liv'd four hundred yean
ago, deſcribing certain Britiſh Giants, has theſe verks
concerning Britain,
Titanibus illa
Sed paucis famuloſa domws, quibus uda ferarum
Terga dabant wveſtes, cruor bauſtus, pocula tranci,
Antra Lares, Dumeta rhoros, canacala ruyes,
Prada cibes, raptns Venerem, ſpeftacula cades,
Imper mm — or, empetus arma,
Mort em , [epulcbra rubus : monſtri(q; at
Monticol:s tellas : Fg eorum plurima a fon
Pars erat occidui, terror majdrque premebat
Te furor, extremum Zephyri, Cornubia, limen.
—— —- Of Titan's monſtrous race
Only ſome few diſturb'd that happy place.
Raw hides they wore for cloaths, their drink was blood,
Rocks were their dining-rooms, their prey their food
Their cup ſome hollow trunk, their bed a grove,
Murder their ſport, and rapes their only love.
Their courage trenzy, ſtrength their fole command;
Their arms, what fury offerd to their hand.
And when at laſt in brutiſh fight they dy'd,
Some ſpatious thicket a vaſt grave ſupply'd.
Witch ſuch vile monſters was the land oppreſt,
But moſt, the farther regions of the Welt -
Ofchem thou Cornwall roo waſt plagu'd above the reſt
But whether this firmneſs of conſtitution (which cot
liſts of a due temperature of heat and moiſture) be ca
ſed in the Danmenit by thoſe fruitful breezes of the Welt
wind, and their welterly ſituation, (as we ſec in Ger-
many the Batavi, in France the Aquiteni and Ruthen,
which lye fartheſt toward the Welt, are moſt luſty; )
or rather to ſome peculiar happineſs in the air and foi};
is not my buſinels nicely to conſider. :
Now let us deſcribe the Promontories, cities, and I
vers mention'd by the Ancients, ( for that is our mai
— Iran,
6 This hint ſeems to favour 2 conjeRure, that Bolen (Czfar's Iccins Ports) might rake irs name from this Iſland 17s, For Stephen's Edition of the
mentaries reads it [ctius, and the
from the Eaf7-hidies, was bur lately found our. 7x
1 brought ; lately for
cntis, look'd upon as a moſt excellent Poct in his time, and flouriſh'd in the year 1250,
s Out of the Sclavonian Tong.
works, and afterwards, ©'c.
tinner and tinner, and between tinner and
In matters of moment, there are by the
whoſe Conſtituttons do bind them. As for thoſe that deal with tin, t
eigner, except in cauſes of
Verton calls it "Id:@+ aulus, as in another place "Oxlu®-. And
1:#:44 from the place with which it had the moſt conſiderable trade, as f SowheneNng from -
They are recited in Plowden's
6 If they did mean by that name the ancient Panims,
8 Called Lord Warden of the Stanmaries, of Stanmem, that is, 719m.
Land, Life, or Member.
arden, general Farliaments or ſeveral Aſſemblies ſummon'd ; whereunto Jurats are ſent out "y * Stand):
are of four ſorts; the owner; of the Soil, the Adventurers, the Merchaw'! #
Cow
| And why might not that haven be as well cal's
the chict Port to and from Britain. «© That tinn was
L mentaries, P. 327. « Michael Blaunpinus Corn
Bal. Cent. 4. N. 10. Wood Antiq. Oxon. pag. 85.
7 This Richerd began to make Ordinance: for theſe 11
9 Every three weeks, '9 In cauſes perſonal berwei
u From kim to the Duke, from the Duke to the 1%
Regraters, and the Lahourer:, call'd the Spadiards ( of their Spade ) who, poor men, are pitifully out-eaten by uſurious Contrats. But the Kings of £5
land and Dukes
Ft
Cornwall in their times have reſerv'd to themſelves @ Preemption of tinn ( by the opinion of the learned in the L wel in 1
ford ofthe Propriy, ar bring chief Landy nd Propritavict ; ws of their Rapal Provigring hey ce Cones, 03 Us 6
13 Under forfeiture of their 1%
deſign;)
vey call it Comnage.
ew eau C. P—_
4 # &
oa AGF I IT. YT . NY OD Wy TE CER
Fq
I;
ww Th Sa. F ow
ORB COSN POR SP AT
FPS 52 Ez
" fignifying ground ſtretchd out into the lea. From
CU A NW #4 ik
_
deſign; ) and beginning at the utmoſt .promontory,
firſt take 2 view of the Southern, then of che Northern
coaſts, and laſtly of the river Tamar, | d ] which di-
vides this County from Devonſhire.
The utmoſt Promontory, which lies ont into the
Iriſh Ocean, and upon the Globe is 17 degrees diſtance
from the Fortunate Ilands, or rather from the Azores,
is called by Ptolemy Belerium, by Diodorus Belerium,
poltibly from the Briciſh Pell, ſignifying a thing moſt
remote. Prolemy calls it allo 'Armiraoy, or Antiveſt cum,
and the Britains Penrbimguaed, 1. e. the Promontory of
blood ; but theſe are only the Bards or Poets ; for the
Rriciſh Hiſtorians call it Pexwith, 1.e. a Promontory to
the left ; as the Saxons Penptþ-pceont, Steort with them
hence the whole Hundred is call'd Penwith, and by the
inhabitants in their language, Pen won las, 1. e. the end
of the earth; in which ſenſe the Engliſh term it he
Lands end, as being tlie farthelt part of the Iſland welſt-
ward [e } Now it this Promuntory was ever call'd
Helenum, as V olateranus, and the more modern writers
have it; it was not fo nam'd from Helenxs lon of Priam,
—
From hence towards the South, the ſhore wheeling
in, makes a bay in form of a new-moon, call'd Mounts Mounts>ay-
bay; where they ſay that the Ocean breaking violently
in, drown'd all that land. Upon this lies Moaſebole, in
the Britiſh Port-bis, that is, 7 the port of the Iſland,
for which the privilege of a market was procur'd of
Edward 1. by Henry de Tieis, who had the Dignity of a Barons of
Baron, and was Lord of Alwerton and Tiwernel in this ©
County. And Penſans, i.e. the head of the land, a lic-
tle market-town | 1 |; not far from whence is that* no-
ted ſtone Main- Amber, *+ which tho' it be of a vaſt big- Main-Am-
neſs, you may yet move with one finger ; notwith- ,57",.,"”-
{tanding which, a great number of men would not be 4n9/w.
able to remove it. Next, upon this bay ſtands Aderkis,
1. e. the market of Jupiter, becauſe a marker is there
kept on Thurſday | Jupiter's day; | but this is an ill
harbour. In the very corner is S. Michaels Mount, *Michac's
which gives name to the whole bay, call'd formerly ©
Dinſol, as *tis in the book of Landaft ; by the inhabi-
tants Careg-cowſe, i. &. a hoary rock, and in Saxon
Mychel-rcop, 1. e. Michaels-place, as Lawrence Noel has Mychel-
oblerv'd, a perſon eminent for good learning; who in [O*... ..
but from Pen Elin, which in Britiſh (as Ancon among | this age firſt reſtor'd the Saxon language ſpoken by our Nocl.
the Greeks) ſhgnities an e/bow., For ſince the Greeks | Anceſtors, before quite laid afide and forgotten. Here
call'd crooked thores Ancones ( which Pliny affirms of |
the Ancona in Italy ) it cannot be any abſurdity to ima-
ine that this winding ſhore thou!d be called in the ſame
fink by the Britains Pen-E/in, and that thence came the
Latin Helenum. As to the name Antiveteum, I have
rery often ſuſpe&ed that it was of a Greek original.
For obſerving it very common with the Greeks to call
places from the names of thoſe that were oppoſite to
them, ( and that not only in Greece, where they have
Rbwn and Antirrbium ; but allo in the Arabian gulf,
where is Bacchium and Amibacchium, and in the gulf of |
Venice, Antibarrium, as diretly facing the Barrium in
Italy ; ) obſerving thele, I ſet my felt to ſearch with
zreat diligence, whether there was any place oppoſite
PINCNCIIN SUE _
to our Antiveſt eum, tltat went under the name of Ve- |
cum. But tinding nothing of it, I betook my ſelf to
the Britiſh Tongue z and yet there can meet with no ſa-
tifa&tion, Only, the inhabitants are of opinion, that
this Promontory did once reach farther to the Weſt;
which the Mariners are poſitive in, from the rubbiſh
they draw up. The neighbours will tell you too, from
a certain old tradition, that the land there drown'd by
the incurſions of the fea, was call'd Lioneſſe | f ].
In the utmoſt rocks of this Promontory, when they
are bare at low water, there appear veins of white lead
and braſs: and the inhabitants ſay, there was former-
ly fet a watch-tower, with lights for dire&ion of mari-
ners. It was without doubt deſign'd for a guide to
pain ; for Oroſius has told us, rhat the bigh watch-
tower of Brigantia in Gallicia, of a meſt admirable ſtrufture,
was built ad ſpeculam Britanniz, that is (it I appre-
hend ic aright) either for the uſe of ſuch as traded from
ritain to Spain, or elſe over againſt the watch-tower
of Britain : for there is no other place in this Iſland
that looks towards Spain. There now ſtands a little
|
|
is a rock indifferent high, and craggy, which, when
the tide is in, is encompalſs'd with water; but when
out, joyn'd to the main land '5, Upon which, John
Earl of Oxford, not many years ago, truſting to
the natural ſtrength of the place, fortity'd himſelf here
againſt K. Edward 4. and bravely defended it, tho'
with little ſucceſs. For his Men yielded themſelves up-
on the firſt aſſaule made by the King's party. Upon
the very top of the rock, within the Fort, was a Chap-
| dedicated to S. Michael the Archangel ; and Will;am
arl of Cornwall and Moriton, who by the favour of
William the Conquerour had large poſleflions in theſe
parts, built a Cell there for a Monk or ewo, who pre-
tended S. Michael had appear'd in that Mount. But
this Viſion the Italians too are very earneſt to have up-
on their Garganw, and the French upon their Michael's
Mount in Normandy. At the bottom of this mountain,
within the memory of our Fathers, as they were dig-
ging for tinn, they met with ſpear-heads, axes, and Bras Wea
words, all wrap'd up in Linnen; of the ſame fore with **
=.
4
| thoſe found long ago in Hircmia in Germany, and others
lately in Wales. For it is plain from the Monuments
of Antiquity, that the Greeks, Cimbrians, and Britains,
| made uſe of braſs-weapons, notwithſtanding that wounds
by them are leſs hurtful, upon account of a medicinal
virtue in them, which Macrobius takes notice of from
Ariſtotle. Thoſe ages were not fo well vers'd in killing
arts as ours is. In the rocks underneath, and all along
this coaſt, breeds the * Pyrrbocorax, a Crow with red * Pyrrhere-
bill, and red feet; not peculiar to the Alps, as Pliny &nit
imagin'd. This Bird is found by the Inhabitants to be cough.
an Incendiary, and very thieving. For it often ſets hou-
ſes on fire privately, ſteals pieces of money, and then
hides them.
In this place the country is moſt narrow, contracted
Village call'd Saint Buriens, formerly Eglis Buriens, i. e. | into a ſort of Iſthmus, there being ſcarce four miles
tne Church of Buriana or Beriana, dedicated to Buriana | diſtance between this and the upper or Severn-ſea. A
a certain Religious Iriſh Woman. For this Country | little beyond the mountain, is a bay, pretty large, cali'd
did all along pay fo much veneration to the Iriſh Saints | Mowntsbay, from the mountain; *tis a very {ate harbour Mountsbay,
a5 well az their own, that between both there is hardly | for ſhips from the South and South-eaſt winds, and at
a Town but what is conſecrated to ſome one of them. | low water is fix or ſeven fathom deep. More to the
There is a report that King 4thel/tan gave it the privi- | Eaſt, ſtands Godolcan *, a hill famous for ſtore of tinn- 35o/phine
lege of a Sanctuary aftcr he had arriv d here from his |
Conqueſt of the Scil;; Tlands, However, *tis certain he
buile a Church here, and that in William the Congque-
ors time here was a College of Prebendaries, to whom
the neighbouring grounds belong'd | g |]. Not far from
ence, in a place, call'd P:ſcaw-woun:, are nineteen
ones ſet in a circle, about 12 foot diſtant one from
another ; and in the center, there ſtands one much
larger than any of the reſt. One may probably con-
Rture this to have been fome trophy of the Romans
under the later Emperors ; or of Acheiſtane the Saxon,
Mer he had ſubdued Cornwall [ h ].
ee
|
mines, (they now call it Godolphin, ) but much more
noted for its Lords of that name, whoſe virtues are no (army 0
lefs eminent, than their family is ancient. The name yhius, ©
in Corniſh comes from a White Eagle; and this Family
has ſtill bore for their Arms, in a ſhield gules, an eagle
diſplay'd between three fiower-de-luces argent. ;
From S. Michael's mount to the ſouth, there jutts out
a Cherſoneſe, at the entrance whereot we meet with 11.14
Heil on, in the language of the natives Hellas, from the
{alt-water thereabouts; a town famous for the privilege
of ſtamping tinn. And a little lower by the conflux cf
a great many waters, is made a lake of two miles in
——_—_—
>, | There Is an Iſland lies before it, which gave occaſion to the name.
ennts ; being by a great deal cf labour undermin'd.
is Fhich being a great rock aduan;'d upm ſome 0: hers of meaner ſize with ſo equal a counterpoize, a man may ſtir, 6c,
d and 1and twice a day.
# It was thrown down ia Oliver's time by one Shrubſa!?, then Goveraour of
> Sammes has obſerv'd that Godolonac, in the Phoenician
nguvage, is 4 place of tin.
';* So that they ſay of it, It
Az length,
2 IR =e_n—— _— ws NO err , —_—_ w Ss
9 A ORs 2 we ene RIC Ot or ee vs oe YO A, AARs) ATA Rte EI TO pu». ton
gn Fes i 9.
a 2 whe iii rhe 4 Teo 0s A eee. PCA IE Y'S 8 IIS © Ri CES PII o
- _ _
00 - qa—_——_—
OC
—_— RO”
PETR wIm—__— Ye oos 4_ Ca Aer 49
D ANMON I I.
- — —— — 1 CCI 0 Re _
Menna
Me ueg.
Ocrinnm.
1 hz Li % nm a.
Yoluba,
Fairmouth.
Pendinas,
length, call'd Loopole, ſeparated from the ſea by a little
ridge running along ; and when the violence of the
waves breaks through that, it makes a wonderful roar-
ing all over the neighbourhood, At a little diſtance
from thence, there is a military Camp ( they call it
Earth [ k ]) built in a large circumference of great
ſtones heap'd one upon another without mortar ; tuch
as are to be met with here and there in other places ;
made, as I ſuppoſe, in the Daniſh wars. Nor 3s it un-
like thoſe fortifications of the Britains, which Tacitus
calls a rude and confus d ſtrufture of great ſtones. The Pen-
inſula it ſelf, pretty large, and well ftock'd with little
villages, is call'd Meneg [ k ], without all doubt the
ſame with Menna, which Jornandes in his Get:cks de-
{cribes from Cornelius ( 1 know not whether the ſame
with Tacitzs) a writer of Annals ; and which ſome Co-
pies read Memma.
of Britain, abounding with ſeveral ſorts of metal, afford-
ing good paſture ; and | in general ] contributing more to the
noursſInent ef cattel than men, But as tor what he lays
of it's abounding wth ſeveral ſorts of metal, it 15 now
ſo far from it, that it ſeems long ſince to have been
quite drain'd. It is by mariners call'd the Lizard, by
Ptolemy the Promontory of tbe Danmonii , and Ocrt-
num; by ZXthicus in that monſtrous Geography of his,
Ocranum ; and *tis reckon'd among the mountains of }
the Weltern Ocean. I dare not be poſitive that it took
it's name from Ocra, which (as Sextus Pompeius has it)
ſignifies a craggy mowntain ; tho” *tis certain that Ocrea
among the Alps, as alſo Ocriculum and Interocrea, were
ſo called from their ſteep rough ſituation. But ſince
Ochr in Britiſh ſignifies an edge, what if I ſhould ima-
gine that this Promontory had it's denomination from
being edg'd and pointed like a cone ?
The ſhore ſhooting in again from this Meneg, makes a
bay full of winding creeks, receiving the lictle river Yale,
upon which, ſomething inward, flouriſh'd an old town
call'd Volaba, mention'd by Ptolemy. Bur it has long
ſince either loſt it's being or name; which yet does ſtill
in ſome meaſure remain in Velemouth or Falemouth.
This haven is altogether as noble as the very Brundy/inm
of Italy, and very capacious: for an hundred ſhips
may ride in it's winding bays at ſuch a diſtance, that
from no one ot them hall be ſeen the top of another's
main-maſt. *Tis alſo fate from winds, being guarded
on all ſides with high creeks. At the very entrance,
there is a high uneven rock, call'd by the inhabitants
Crage; and cach fide of it is fortity'd with it's caſtle,
buile by K. Henry 8. for the ſafety of the place,
in CorBlh Truru, fo calld from three ſtreets, in
a manner encompaſsd with two lietle rivers : 'tis fa.
mous for being a Mayor-rown, and tor the prjþ
vileges it has in the buſineſs of the Stannaries. Gram;
pound, the moſt remote from the haven ** ; under which
1s Roſeland, a plat of ground lying along the fa-(ide;
ſo call'd, as ſome would have it, from roſetzm, a garden
of roles; or, as others imagine, becaule it js ericetum, a
heath | m ] : for Ros implies that in Brittiſh, From
It is (fays he) m the furthett part |
whence Ro//e in Scotland, and another Roſſe in Wales
| have had their names, as being dry, thirfly ground :
| but this by the induſtry of the hushandmen 1s made
| more rich and fruitiul, From Roſeland the ſea imme.
| lately follows the dintings of the Land, and makes
| large bay, call'd Treeardrai:bbay, as much as if one
| ſhould fay, The bay of a town at the ſand ”.
| Scarce two miles from hence, where the river Fawy'
| runs into the Sea, 1s Fowy-town, in Britiſh Fed
| ſtrerch'd along the creck : it was very famous in the
| laſt age for Sea-fights, as is plain from the Arms of the
place, which are a Compound of all thoſe of the
Cinque-perty, On each ſide of the haven is a fort, built
by Edward 4. who a little after, upon a diſpleaſure con.
ceivd againſt the men of Fowy, for preying upon the
| French-coaſlts after a peace was made with that king-
dom ; took from them all their ſhips and tackle. Over
againſt this, on the other ſide, ſtands Hall, noted for it's;
pleaſant walks upon the fide of an hill, and *the ſeat
ot Sir William Mohun, Knight, of an ancient and noble \
tamily, deſcended from the Mehuns Earls of Somerſet,
and the Courtneies, Earls of Devonlhire.
More within the land, upon the ſame river, the!
Uzella of Ptolemy is ſeated ; and has not yet quite loſt
its name, being called at this day Lefturbiell, from its,
ſituation. For it was upon a high hill, where is Lefor.:
min an ancient Caſtle; tho' now *tis remov'd into the
valley. Now ache} in Britiſh fignitics the ſame as big
and lofty ; from whence Uxellodunum of Gaule is fo!
term'd, becauſe the town being buile upon a mountain;
has a ſteep rugged aſcent every way. This in the Bri.
tiſh hiſtorie is called Pen-Uchel coir, a high mountain
in a wood ; by which ſome will have Exeter meant. But
the ſituation aſſign'd it by Ptolemy, and the name ir
has to this day, do lufficiently evince it to have been the
ancient Uzella. - Now it 1s a little town and not at all
populous ; for the channel of the river Fawey, which
in the laſt age us'd to carry the tide up to the very
town, and bring veſſels of burthen ; is now fo ſtopt up!
by the ſands coming from the Lead-mines, that it is too}
and terror of the enzmy ; that on the eaſt is S. Mau-
dit's, and that on the weſt, Pendinas ; of which an
Antiquarian Poct :
Pendinas tenet aſperi cacumen
Celſum montis, © intonat frequenter.
Mauditi euoque j«i/rdet rotundum
Caſtrum, & impetu fulnmat furentt
Portus ojtia qua patent Falenſis.
High on a craggy rock Pendennis ſtands,
And with i:'s thunder all the Port commands.
While {trong St. Maxd:ir's anſwers it below,
Where Falmouth's ſands the ſpatious harbour ſhow.
But the haven it ſelf is calld by Ptolemy Cenonis
ſhallow for barges : and indeed all the havens in this:
; County are in danger of being choak'd up by the
'fands. However *tis the County-town 3 where the
; Sheriff every month holds the County-court, and the
| m—_— - = Stannaries has his priſon. For it has the
privilege © 'nage, by the favour ( as they ſay) ol
; Edmund Earl X CE. who "Bac had py; pa-
| lace there. But there are two towns which eſpecially
| eclipſe the glory of this Yzella; Leskerd to the ealt,;
feared upon a high hill and famous for an ancient
caſtle and a market : And Bodman to the north, ſcarce
ewo miles diſtant, in Britiſh (if I miſtake not ) Boſs
emma, and in ancient Charters Bodminiam. This town
| is ſeated between two hills, not very healthfully, extend-
of+um, without all diſpute from the Britiſh Genes, ſig- | ed from eaſt to weſt. Tis a noted market, populous,
niftying a mouth, and an entrance : which Tregenie, a | and well built ; and enjoys the privilege of ſtamping
town hard by, confirms, as much as if one ſhould ſay, | tinn. But it was formerly more famous for a Biſhops
a little town at the month [1]. There are ſome towns lie | See. For about the year go5. when the diſcipline
upon the inner parts of this Haven. Peryn, a famous the Church was quite neglected in thoſe parts, Edwatd
marker, where 7 alter Broneſcombe Biſhop of Exeter, An. :
the Elder by a Decree ftrom Pope Formoſus, ſettl'd 3
Gialnch. 1288. built a Collegiate Church (calld Glaſnich) * with
Arvcrzk, twelve Prebendaries.
cient and famous family of the Killegrews. Truro,
Pery ns
Biſhop's See here, and granted the Biſhop of Ki:
Arwenack , the ſeat of the an- —_ villages in thoſe parts, * Polton, Cling, and Lo
Truro.
witham, that he might every year wvifit the County of Co
' The Hiſtory of rhe Foundation, as it is fer down in the Lieger-book of that College, exprefly mentions XII. ---Clerici rreſdecim perſone diſcrets.
k [t was fold to Kekewich, and my Lord Mehrm lives at Boconneck. { It 15 diitant almolt 4 miles. m This Polton is probably Paulten in S. Breagus
3 awhitton docs (till beiong to the B ſhop ; but where Caling was ſeated, does not appear. The mannours mention'd hereabours to be the B ſhop's #*
1.,whitton, S. Germans, Pawtcn, Pregaer, Fenryn, and Cargaul ; without any mention of Ceiling. In thoſe mannours the Biſhops had view of F"*
1ege, and «ll belonging thereto, except Hue and Cry. Inqu. An. 9g Edw. 2.
is And neighbour to it is Golden the inheritance ef Tregian, a bouſe ancient and well ally'd. But deſcending tothe havens mouth you way ſee Fen
Golln, mm Eugl/þ Hartefcll, lately the jeat of Carminow, a fmmil anciently of high eſteem for blood and wealth, between whom and the L rd Sc
1wo I maved years fonce, was a plea comment'd in the Gnert of Chizvalry, for vear:mg m a thickd Azure a bend Or. Soe Holland. Tregian is now in
polleiiton of Mr. Briler. And as tor the ſuir, it hapn'd in the time of Edw. 3. and upon it a reference was made to the moſt eminent perſans of rhat rime
(wherect Joha de Gaunt was one,) before whom Carminew prov'd his right by the conſtant bearing thereof, and thar before the Conqueſt ; yet becauſe®
other Concendant was a Baron of the Realm, ir was order'd he ſhoald till bear the ſame Coar, but with a File in chief for diftinQion. He fad a Cornild
worto Cats r3% whethow, i. e. a {(traw tor a dilicmbler. His tamily is now quite extintt. 1 Whereumo fail many frejh rivulets, which ths
proneipal wiiich paſſerh by Lanlkdron, whoſe Lord $.Serlo Lanlatron,was ſrrmon'd a Baron to the Parliament, in that age when the ſelett men for
and weith arorg ine Gentry were call'd to Fariiamenti,and their Poſterity onicted of they were de{ (ive rierein. lathe margin he has, lu be time of |
| V'8®)
TORN LEE EE
wall, m order fo reform their errors 3 for before that, they | bur time has very much decay'd that * upon the caſt,
refited the Truth to the utmoſt of their power,and would not | tho' ic {till retains the privilege of a Mayor, and Þur-
-bmit to the Apoſtolical Decrees. Bur afterwards, thole | geſles **. From hence we meet with nothing memo-,
diſmal wars of the Danes breaking out, the Biſhop's See | rable '2, till we come at Liver, a little river abounding
was tranſlated to S. Germans. Near to Leskerd is a | with oyſters, which runs by S. Germans a ſmall village, $.G-rmans
Church formerly called S. Guerir, which bemg tranſla- | whither the Biſhop's See was tranſlated, through tear,
cd from che Britiſh, is a Phyſician 3 where (as tfer tells | in the time of the Daniſh war. There is a little Re-
us) King Alfred, while he was at his devorion, reco- | ligious houſe dedicated ro St. German of Antiffodorum,
vered of a fit of ſickneſs. But when Neorus, a man ot | who fuppreſfed the Pelagian herefie then growin again
eminent Sandtity and Learning, was buried in that | in Britain. After the fucceflion of fome few Biſhops,
Church, he ſo much eclips'd the glory ot the other | Levinus Biſhop of Kirton, a great favourite of Ca-
Saint, that from him the place begun to be.call'd Neo- | nutus the Dane, obtain'd a Royal Grant to have it
refow, i. e. the place of Neth, and now it 15 >. Neorb's ;| annext to his own feat. From which time, there has
and the Religious there were called Clerks of Sr. Neor, | been but one Biſhop toc both this County and Devon-
who had pretty large revenues, as we may learn trom | ſhire, who now has his See at Exeter; and appointed
Domeſday { n_). Not far from bence ( as | have been | this little village of S. Germans for a kat to his Suftra-
told ) in the Pariſh of St. Clare, there are in a place | gan. There is nothing now leſt at it, ” beſides fiſher-
call'd Pexnant, i.c. the head of the valley, ewo ttone | men's hutts, who get themliclves a pretty maintenance
monuments ; one whereof has the upper part hollow'd | by fiſhing in the tea and the neighbouring rivers At
in form of a chair, the other, rerm'd Orher balf tone, is | a few miles diftance, upon the ſame river, Tremaron Tremaron;
infcrib'd with barbarous characters now almoſt worn | ſupports the name of a Caſtle by it's ruinous walls ;
our. where (as it is in Domeſday ) William Earl of Moriton
bad his caſile and market ; and it was the head of a Ba-
rony of the Earls and Dukes of Cornwall, as we kearn
from the Iqu/itiong, When the Liver has paſsd by
this, it empties it /felf into Tamars, the limic of this
County, (near Saltaſhe, formerly Eſfſe, once the ſeat of
the * Valtorts, now pretty well ſtor'd with merchants, * of :/-
and endow'd with a great many privileges : ) where 747
:» Mont-Edpecombe the Scat of the ancient family of the Eigecombe
Edgcombs, 15 pleaſantly ſituated, and has a profpe& of
the winding haven under it. Next to this, is Anthony, Anthony.
memorable for it's neatnefs, and a filh-pond which lets
in the ſea, from whence it is furniſh'd with fiſh both for
ufe and pleaſure ; bur much more for the lord of it,
Richard Carew, who not only lives up to the greatneſs |
of his anceſtors, but excels them in the ornaments of
virtue. Thus far we have been upon the fouth-coaſt ;
now let us ſurvey the north. |
The northera ſhore, from the Lands-end running
forward on along tra of ſandy banks waſht up, comes
to a town hanging into the ſea like a ſort of little
tongue, called S. lies ; from Ha an Iriſh woman of great 8. lies
piety, who liv'd here. It was formerly call'd Pendmas ;
and the haven below, which receives the river Haile,
is denominated from it, being call'd by the Sea-men
S. Lies bay. The town it felf is now but ſmall. For
the ! North-weſt-wind, the tyrant of this coaſt, by
P | heaping in ſands upon it, has been fo very prejudicial, |
Which 1 think is to be read thus, Doniert : Rogavit | that they have removed it more than once. From
pro anima: unleſs we may imagine that theſe two points | hence the country growing broader on both ſides, the.
(:) after Doniert, are the remains of the letter E. and | northern ſhore with an oblique winding goes north-eaſt |
{> read Doniert erogavit, implying, that he gave that land | to Padſtow, meeting with nothing in its way remarka-.
to the Religious tor the good of his foul. Now I can- | ble, beſides a chapel built upon the ſand, dedicated
not but think that Doniere was that petty King of | to S. Piranus, another Iriſh Saint bury*d here ; to whoſe
Comwall, which the Annals call Dungerth, and tell us | ſanRtity a filly childiſh writer has atcribured the finding *
he was drown'd in the year 872. proviſion for ten Iriſh Kings and their armies, for eight
Hard by is a heap of pretty large rocks, under which | days together, with no more than three Cows ; as allo
is a great ſtone, form'd fo like a cheeſe, that it ſeems to | bringing to life dead hogs, and dead men. Farther
be preſ'd by the others; from whence the whole has | from the ſhore is S. Columbs, a little market town, Con- &.C lambs.
the name of Wring-cheeſe [o]. A great many ſtones | ſecrated to the memory of Columba an exceeding pious
likewiſe, in a manner ſquare, are to be ſeen upon the | woman and a martyr, and not of Co/umbanus the Scorch- |
adjoyning plain; whereof ſeven or eight are at an equal | man, (' as I am now fully ſatisfied by her life.) / Near
diltance Rom one another. The Neighbours call them | which, at a little leſs diſtance from the ſea, ſtands
Hurlers, out of a pious belief that = are men trans- | Lhanberon, the ſeat of the family of the Aronde/s Knights, LUunheron,
formd into ſtones, for playing at ball on Sunday. | who upon account of their vaſt riches, were. not _ |
Others will have them to be a trophie in memory of a | ſince call'd 7he great Arondels. They are ſometimes call
battle ; and ſome think they have been fer for bounda- | in Latin De Hirundine, and appolitely enough in my Family of
riesz becauſe in fuch Authors as have writ about Bounds, | mind 3 for a Swallow in French is Arondel, and their -
they have read, that large ſtones us'd to be gather'd by | Arms are in @ field ſable fix Swallows argent. *T1s cer-
both parties, and ereRed for limits | p }. eainly an ancient and noble family, as alfo very nume-
The river Loo opens itſelf a paſſage into the ſea up- | rqus; to the name and Arms whereof William Brito a.
on this coaſt, and at it's mouth communicates the name | Poet alludes, when he deſcribes a warlike man ot
to two little towns, joyned together by a ſtone-bridge. | this family aſſaulting a French man, about the year
That upon the * welt fide, as newer, flouriſhes molt ; | 1170.
—
" Faſt.Gde, #& Somewhat Weſt ward, » The fiſhing trade here is now wholly hid aſide. # This is the Caurus, 2 wind which Mr. Sommer in his '
Treatiſe de Porta Tecio has fully defcrib'd ; and ſhown it to be a particular enemy to all ſuch ports as are expos'd toir. — * Her litz rranflared from the
Corniſh, was in the hands of Mr. Roſcarrock, by whoſe means he had this information. Sec hus Epiſtles. pag. 91- / *Tis avout tour miles diftant.
7 Semembes: Heſ-ward from this ly:th Ci\garth, the habitation of the Bevils, of eſpecial good nate for antiquity and gentry. Hol, It now belongs to
the Kintalls an ancient family, whoſe chief feat was ar Treworgy, 3 mules off. 'y But 4 ſmall ricgy paſſing by Minhevet, whereby {4 Pole, the ſear of che \
he anies, to whom with athers, the inizzritance of the Courtneys Earls of . Dewonſbire accord, 4 As (he Eajt-[rae of Tamar. Hol. It Gands on the |
7 cit-uide,
t—— Hirundsle
29 urs eo >. Te <R w —o EB Par ro m_ w
|
|
|
|
Di NMONTL
Padſtow.
n—— Hirundele velocior alite, que dat
Hoc agnomen ti, fert cujus in agide ſignum,
Se raput ag minibus medus, clypeoque nitents
Quem ſibi Guilielmus lava pratenderat uina,
Immergit validam preacute cuſpidis baſtam.
Swift as the Swallow, whence his Arms device,
And his own name are took, enragd he flies
Thro' gazing troops, the wonder of the field,
And ſticks his lance in William's glittering ſhie!d.
At a little diſtance, is a double rampire on the
top of a hill, and a cauſey leading to it: 'tis call'd
Caſtellan Danis, i. &. the camps of the Danes, becauſe
the Danes when they prey'd upon the Engliſh-coalts,
encampd here, as alſo in other places hereabouts.
Not tar from hence is the river Alan, call'd alſo
Caml-alan, and Camel, from it's wind:ng chanel, (tor
Cam with them implies as much.) Running gently 1n-
to the Upper-ſea, it has at the mouth a little market-
town calld' Padtow , contracted from Petreckſtow (as
tis call'd in the Hiſtories of the Saints,) from one * Pe-
troces a Britain that was Sainted, after he had livd
here in a Religious manner ;z whereas the town was
before call'd” Lederick and Laffenac. It is very conveni-
ently ſeated for trading into Ireland, being but 24 hours
eaſie fail ; and is very much adorn'd by a beautitul
houſe in the neighbourhood , like a caſtle, which
N. Prideaux, a Gentleman ot an ancient name and fta-
mily, lately built in thoſe Weſtern parts | p |]. Ar the
head of this river Alanis ſeated Camelford,otherwile writ
. Gaffelford, a little village, tormerly call'd Kamblan in the
T: ndegel,
Arthbui's
6:r7N-P12ce.
opinion of Leland, who tells us that Arthur, the Engliſh
Hector, was lain here. For (as he adds) pieces of
armour, rings, and braſs-turniture for horſes, are ſome-
times digg d up here by the Countrymen ; and after
ſo many ages, the tradition of a bloody victory in this
place, 1s {till preſervd. There are alſo extant ſome
verſes of a middle-age-poet about Camels running with |
blood, alter that batcle of Arthur againſt Mordred :
which, becauſe they ſeem to flow from a good vein, I
will venture to inſert :
Naturam Cambala fontis
Mutatam ſtupet eſje ſui, tranſcendit inundans
Sang umens torrens ripas, & wolvit in £quor
Corpora caſorum, plures natare wideres
Et petere auxilium, ques undis vita reliquit.
I Camels {tream
Feels the ſad change, and wonders whence it came :
The yielding banks are drownd with riſing blood,
And mangled corps lie gaſping on the flood :
Poor halt-dead wierches ſpend their fainting breath
In cries tor reicue from a ſecond death.
In the meantime, not to deny the truth of this ſtory
concerning Arthur, I have read in Marianus of a bloody
battle here between the Pritains and Saxons, in the year
820. 10 that the place may ſeem to be-ſacred ro Mars.
Ard it ic be true that Arthur was kitl'd here, the ſame
ſhore both gave him. his fic{t breath and depriv'd him of
his laſt. For upon the neighbouring ſhore ſtands Tin-
«agium (the bi:th-place of that great Arthur) part of it
as it were on a little rogue thruſt out, and part upon
an Wfland formerly joyndto the main-land by a bridge.
They now call it 7::4:gel, tho' nothing is left but the
tplendid ruines of an ancient * ſtately caſtle ; of which
a modern Poct :
Ft locus Abrini ſinnoſo littore ponts
Kupe fits media, refluns quem circuit aft ns ;
Fulmmat hic late turrito vertice caſtrum,
Nomie T mdagium wveteres dixere Corins.
On a (teep rock within a winding bay
A caſtle ſtands furrounded by the ſea,
Whoſe frequent thunder ſhakes the trembling hill,
Tindage of old 'twas call'd, now Timdagel.
It would be tedious to relate here from the Hiſto
of Geoffrey, how Uther Pendragon, King of Wales, fellin
love with the wife of Gorlow | of Cornwall in this
caſtle ; and how by art-magick aſſuming the ſhape of
her husband, he defil'd the Lady, and Tous this Ar.
ſhall ſuperſede that :
Facie dum falſus adulter
Timdagel irrupit, nec amorss Pendragon aſtum
Vincit, & ommificas Merlini conſult artes,
Mentitarque ducis babitus, & rege latente,
Induit abſentis preſentia Gorlois ora.
Nor could the Prince conceal his raging flame,
But in falſe ſhapes to Timdage! he came,
By Merlin's art cransform'd from King to Duke,
And Gorloi's perſon for Pendragon's took.
This Uther Pendragon was a Prince, in whom were
all the accompliſhments of a Souldjer, and who vali.
antly ſupported the ſinking ſtate of his country againſt
a long time us'd the Eagle, after Marins had rejected
the | common. ] Standards of a wolf, a minotaure, a
horſe, &c. and came at laſt under the latter Emperors
to make choice of a Dragon. Upon which, Claudian,
Hi pitta Draconum
Colla levant.
Exalted Banners wrought with dragon's heads.
And Nemeſianus,
Signa micant, ſinuitque truces levis aura Dracones.
In Enſigns mov'd by gentle air
Fierce Dragons heads ere appear.
That the Weſt-Saxon kings carry'd a Dragon in their
Standards, we have the authority of Hoveden. Bur as
for that other banner of the Saxons, which Bede calls
of them in this place, left T ſhould feem to make too
large a digreflion ?*.
pon.the lame coaſt (which is not very fruitful, and
wants wood) there ſtands expos'd to the fea Borereaux-
the Lords of it the Botereauxs, who bore m a ſhield ar-
gent three toads ſable. William Botereaux was the firlt
of any great note, in this family, who marry'd Alice
daughter of Robert Corbet, whoſe ſiſter was concubine
to K. Henry 1. and he had by her Reginald Earl of Corn-
wall. From this William eleven flouriſh'd ſucceflively.
But Margaret, only daughter ** to the laſt, was mat-
|ry'd to Robert Hungerford, by whole poſterity the eſtate
' came to the Haſtings, aſter it had been much 4s rg
| and made more honourable by the marriages ef the Bo-
| tereauxs with the heireſſes of the noble families of the
| Moeles, S. Laud, or S. Lo, and Thwe
»g [q].
From hence northward, the land ws it ſelf fo far
| into the ſea, that the County between the two ſeas * 1s
| 23 miles broad, tho' it has been hitherto but very nar-
| row. Art the greatelt breadth of ic, Szow {tands upon
| the ſea-coaſt, the ancient ſeat of the family of the Grew
vills, famous for the antiquity and nobility of their pe-
digree ?. Amongſt the reſt, Richard, in the time
of William Rufus, fignaliz'd his courage in the Con-
queſt of Glamerganſhire in Wales; and Iately another
| of the ſame Chriſtian-name, exceeding the nobiliry of
| his birth by his own bravery, loſt his lite gallantly in an
_———
' In Engliſh after the true and old writings, it is call'd Adelſtew, i. e. Athelſtan's place ; K. Athelſtan being lookt upon as the chief Author of it
Privileges. Ll. Itin. Vol. 2.
Itin. Vol. 2. » Uſher's Antiquit. Ecclcf. Britan. p. 292.
nature of the place docs in a manner make it im
bur having a draw. ridge frem the relidue of the caftle to ir.
preſent Earl hath lately built here a very ftatcly houſe, lookrt upon to be
* Leland rells us, that in his time the Tomb and Shrine of St. Perrok were remaining in the caft-part cf the
c p * IRE ( ſays eraen; 2, hath been at yo _ and notable fortreſs, wm
nable ; eſpecially for tbe dungeon that is on a t igh terrible cragge environ'd with the 1%
Ns - at is above 3o miles in banks q he
» They are now made Earls of Bathe : and *
the fineſt in the Weſt of England.
*1 Between Padſtowand Tindagel inwardly there extendeth @ fruitful vein, and therein flauriſh the families of the Roſcarrock, Carnſew, Penkevel, Ca-
vel, Penkavell, of ancient name awd great rejpe in this coaſt.
22 And ſole-heir.
engage
thur. The verſes of our countryman John Hauvillan
the Saxons. I dare not affirm that the Royal banner of the |
Engliſh (bawving the effigies of a dragon with a golden head,"
ſo well known to our neighbours, and ſo terrible to the Pagan «;
in the Holy wars under Richard the 3d,) was deriv'd from «,
him. I rather think we owe it to the Romans, who for "
Tufa, and that Reafan of the Danes, I will ſay nothing,
caſtle, corrupted by the vulgar into Boſ-caſtell, built by:
a. _ Sh 4 Ms A
* mw = a.
2th... ay ei n———_—_— — — —
CORNWALL
4.
-
engagement with the Spaniard at the Azores **®. Near
to this is Stratton, 2 market town noted for gardens, and
its garlick ; and next to it Lencells, a new ſeat of the
' ancient family ofthe * Chaummond; | r ].
The river Tamara, now Tamer, rifing not far from
the Northern ſhore, runs ſwiftly and violently towards
the South, and after it is encreas'd with many little ri-
yulets, paſſes by Tamara, a town mention'd by Ptole-
my, now Tamerton !+ ; and at a little diſtance from it,
is Lanftupbadon, i. &. the Church of Stephen, common|!
call'd Lawnffon; a pretty: lictle rown, ſituate upon a ri-
ſing, which out of ewo other burrows, Dunever and
Newport, is'now grown into one Town. In the begin.
ning of the Normans, William Earl of Moriton buile
2* caſtle here, and had a College of Prebendaries, as
appears by Domeſday, where it 15 calPd Lawnftaweron ;
which name it had, doubtleſs, from a College there de-
dicated to S. Stephen, and about the year 1150. con-
yerted into a monaſtery * by Reginald Earl of Corn-
wall. This change the Bil of Exeter, too much
bucry'd forward by paſlion and intereſt, did vehement-
ly oppoſe, fearing it might come to be a Biſhop's-See,
and fo lefſen their juriſdition. At this day it 15s mot
remarkable for the publick Gaol, and the Afffizes be-
ing © often kept there.
Tamar going from hence has the view of a high
mountain ſtretch'd out a great way in length, calPd by
Marianus © HengerSoun, and by him interpreted the
mountain of HengiFt ; the name it has at preſent is Heny-
fon-b:ll. It was formerly pretty rich in veins oftinn *”,
* and the place where the Tinners of Cornwall and De-
yonſhire met every ſeventh or eighth year to concert
their common intereſts. At this place alſo, in the year
831, the Danmonian Britains With the afliltance of the
Danes breaking into Devonſhire todrive out the Engliſh
who had then got pofſeflion of it, were totally routed
by King Egbert, and cut off almoſt to a man **. Low-
er down near Salteſſe ( a little market town, as I ob-
ſery'd before, plac'd upon a riſing, and having a Mayor,
with certain Privileges,) Tamar receives the river Lz-
ver, upon which ſtands that Town of S. Germans men-
tion'd above. With this increaſe it paſſes to the ſea,
and makes a haven call'd in the Life of Indrattus, Ta-
merworth ; after it has divided Cornwall from Devon-
ſhire. For King Athelſtan (who was the firſt King of
England that entirely ſubdu'd thoſe parts) made this
the bound between the Corniſh Britains and his own
Engliſh, after he had remov'd the Britains out of De-
vonſhire, as we learn by Malm , who calls the
river Tambra. Whereupon Alexander Necham, in his
Hymns upon the Divine Wiſdom :
Loegria Tamars diviſor pon
Indigenas ditat pinguibus ificins.
Comwall from Envland Tamar's ſtreams divide,
Whence with fart Salmon all the land's ſupply'd.
* This place ſeems to require ſomething C——
Urſula, a Virgin of great ſanity, born here, an
thoſe 11000 Britiſh Virgins. But whilſt ſome hold them
to have been drown'd, under Gratian the Emperor, in
the year 383. upon the coaſt of Germany, as they
were failing to Armorica ; and others tell us, that in
the year 450. at Cologn upon the Rhine, in their re-
turn from Rome, they ſuffkerd Martyrdom from Atti-
la the Hunne, that inſtrument of God's vengeance;
this difference am Authors has made ſome, inſtead
of believing it an hiſtorical truth, ſuſpe& it to be a mere
fable. But as to that Conſtantine, call'd by Gildas rhe
Iramous whelp of an unclean Danmonian Lionefi, and the
disforeſting of
all this County under K. John, ( ” for |
before that 'tis thought ro have been a foreſt; ) of
theſe matters let the Hiſtorians give an account, for |
'tis beſide my buſineſs.
; As to the Earls : Candoras, call'd by others Cadvens rack of
is mention'd by the modern writers as thelaft Earl of Eoravall
Cornwall of Britiſh extraction : his Arms'( as the He. |
ralds tell you) were 15 beſants *7, in a field ſable. The
firſt Earl of Norman deſcent was Robere Moriton, bro-
ther to William the Conqueror, as ſon of Herlorta ; to |
whom ſucceeded William his fon. This William fidi
with Robert the Norman againſt Henry x. Kin
pom |, was taken priſoner, and loſt both his liberty |
an 2. whilſt he was |
phen, advanc'd
honors **: to whoſe place, H
making preparations for war againſt
Reginald, natural fon to ay
's ; for that Kinp
was fo very incontinent, that
L. |
e had no lefs than x3.
baſtards. Reginald dying without lawful ifſue male, rob. 4c
Henry 2. Colining certain lands to the daugh
nine years of age ; upon whom
beſtow'd it with other Counties. But John coming to
the Crown of England, his ſecond fon Richard had'
this honour, with the Earldom of PoiQou, conferr'd
upon him by his Brother Henry 3. This Richard was
a powerful Prince in his time ; as alſo a religious man,
valiant in war, and of great condudt ; behaving him- -
ſelf in Aquitain with wonderful valour and ſucceſs. Go-
ing ro the Holy Land, he forc'd the Saracens to a truce,
retus
'd the kingdom of Apulia when offer'd him by the.
Pope, quieted many tumults in England, and being
chofen King of the Romans by the 7 Electors of Ger- |
many in the year 1257, was crown'd at Aix Ia Chapelh..
There is a common verſe, which intimates that he
bought this honour ;
o me nubit Cornubia Rome.
ome Almighty money joyn'd.
Nummus ait
Cornwall to
For before he was ſo famous a many'd man, that 2.
Cotemporary Writer has told us, he was able to ſpend
a hundred marks a day for 10 years together. But the |
” he quickly re-
'd at
had it >
a little after his eldeſt ſon Henry, in his return from the
ing out in
, where he dy'd, and was
of Hales,which hi
civil wars
turn'd to
the famous
Holy wars, as he was at his devotions in a Church at Vi-
terbium in Italy, had been villanouſly murder'd by Guido
de Mentefort, fon of Simon Earl of Leiceſter, in revenge
of his father's death. For which reaſon, his ſecond
ſon Edmund ſucceeded in the Earldom of Cornwall,
who dying without children, his large inheritance re-
turn'd to
found next a-kin and heir at law. Now ſince Ric
ters ) Monte
reſerv'd this Earldom for his young on John, Chen bue 1175:
ichacd 1. afterwards |
e King, he (as the Lawyers term it ) prong
hard The Arms
and his fon Edmund were of the blood ou of Eng- AY
land, I have often declar'd my felf at a |
how Ei--4 cy to bear _ ifferent from thoſe of the
Royal Family, viz. in a field argent Lyon rampant gules,
gun or, within a _ ſable gamiſh'd with 5. vey
And all the reaſon I can give for it, is, that they might
p_ do it in imitation of the Royal Family of -
rance, ( ſince this way of bearing Arms came to us
from the French.) For the younger fons of the Kings of
France, have Arms different from the Crown to this day,
as one may obſerve in the Families of the Vermandex,
Dreux, and Courtney. And as Robert Duke of
dy, brother of Henry 1. King
cient Shield of the Dukes of Bur
after he had the Earldom of Poictou beſtow'd upon
by his brother K. Henry 3. might probably cake thac
us )
| « The moles of this caftle opon whi
having three ſeveral wards, is the bigheft, bar nor the
Wiliam Warwif, Bi of Exeter, ſu t
It, taking the wry Barrons te c Sales we
* Of this ſee Drayror's Polyolbion, p. 131. where the ſtory is deliver'd at
Kepe ſtands, Leland tell ns, is large and of a terrible
he ſaw in any
Church of S. erefted a Priory there, and gave beſt
ys kept there.
—
, and the Arx of it
+ Leland in his Iiwcrary that
to
rcep Sun.
ancient work in England.
part of the
4 The Saxon Annals call it more diltin&tly and truly He
f That it was ſo, is undoubtedly troe ; for I have ſeen 3 Co of a0 Tn- |
to that purpoſe, dated 22. March Ar, Reg. Joh. 5. which begins thus — Johannes Dei gratia — Sciatis nos deforeſtaſſe totam
*? M65 I ſball more fully in my Annals, A clauſe which is
aber mon 1. Come, a fo Ty him-w
| iages, the Inheritance
Hengſton down well ro lobe
os, anciently Lords of Little-M in Devonſbire. *1 Five
the daughter of Sir Robert Corber,
, four, three, 190, and one.
3 Among the Competitors of the Empire,
th Lal he ned Fe.
a; Bermmaſey, :
mighe
to know wall.
; ſo this Richard, J-ow 4
4, ON _
Bande ' Or
of France, took the an- 224 YAzur
Lyon gules crown'd which (as the French Authors inform Memoriales
belong'd to his Predeceſſors Earls of Poiou, and gt
TT ' © iN XN
S N21
—
ny Ae. hoe
might add that border ſable garniſhd with bez.ants out of
the ancient Shield of the Earls of Cornwall. For affoon
as the younger ſons of France began to bear the Royal
Arms with ſome difference, we preſently follow'd
thetn ; and Edward x.'s children were the firſt inſtance.
But where am I rambling to pleaſe my ſelf with the
niceties of my own profeſſion ? After Cornwall was
united to the Crown, Edward 2. who had large poſlel-
ſions given-him by his father in thoſe parts, conferr'd
the title of Earl of Cornwall upon Pierce Gawveſton, a
Gaſcoine, who had been the great debaucher of him in
his youth. But he being ſeiz'd by the Barons for cor-
rupting the Prince, and for other crimes, was behead-
of; and ſucceeded by John 4e Eltham, younger ſon of
Edw. 2. **, who being young and dying without iſlue,
Dukes of Edw, 4. erected Cornwall into a Dukedo
CGorawall. £4 Edward his ſon, a moſt accompliſh'd Soldier, in the
year 1336, with the Dukedom of Cornwall, by a wreath
m, and inveſt. |
on his beat, a rin his finger, and @ ſilver verge. Since
which time ( 22.7 ſhall irs Wh rate leavin
ſtill the judgment of it to the opinion. of Lawyers) the
eldeſt ſon of the King of England is born Earl of Corn.
wall, and by a ſpecial At made in that caſe, be is to by,
preſum'd of full age aſſoon as ever he is born, ſo that he may i
claim livery and ſeiſm of the ſaid Dukedom the ſame day he',
born, and ought by right to obtain it, as if he bad fully com.
leated the age of rwenty one. He hath allo Royalties and
"ah >. in ations, the ſtannaries, wrecks, cy.
ſtoms, &c. for which, and the like, he has certain
Officers appointed him. But theſe matters are laid
open more diſtinaly and at large by Richard Carew of
Anthony (a perſon no leſs eminent for his honorable
Anceſtors, than his own virtue and learning ) who hath
deſcrib'd this County at large, not contenting himſelf
with a narrow draught ;' and whom I cannot but ac.
knowledge to have been my guide.
e In the 11 of Edw. + x was granted, Quod primogenitus filius Regis Anglia, qui foret hereditabilis regno, fore? Dux Cornubie, &c. So Richard te
Bordeaux, fon to the B
k-Frince, was not Duke of Cornwall by virtue hereof, but was created by Charter. Nor was Elizabeth, eldeit daughter to King
Edw. 4. Dutcheſs hereof, becauſe 'tis limited to the Son. Neither was Henry 8. in the life-rime of his father, after the death of Prince Arthur, Duke here.
of, becauſe he was not cldeſt fon.
3 Advanc'd thereanto by his brother Edward 3. Hol.
There are in this County 161 Pariſhes.
ADDITIONS to CORNWALL.
its peculiar cuſtoms and privileges, added to
a difference of Lan age, it may ſeem to be
another Kingdom. Upon which account, it is neceſ-
fary t@'give fome light into theſe matters, before we
- enter upon the Survey of the
Privileges -;To b with the Privileges. the 21. of Eliza-
of Corn-
wal, beth, it was order'd, that all charge of Cuſtom ( for
tran om obey Cloath) upon any em
within the _ of Cornwall, ſhould be diſcharg'd ;
and that for the future no Cuſtom ſhould be paid for
it This was firſt granted them by the Black-Prince, and
hath always been enjoy'd by them in conſideration that
they have paid, and do {till pay, 4 s. for the coynage
-» _n_ hundred of tinn, whereas Devonſhire pays
t8 9d.
They have alſo the freedom to take ſand out of the
ſea, and carry it through the whole County, to manure
*R. Chart. their ground withal. * This is a Grant made by Richard
- go +% Duke of Cornwall, which is confirm'd An. 45 Hen. 3.
by that 'King; whereupon, in the next Reign, _
an Inquiſition made, we find a complaint, that Sar
had lately taken yearly 12 s. for each Barge that carry'd
Sand up Tamar ;z whereas nothing ought to have been
demanded.
By this it appears, that ever ſince Hen. 3. at leaſt,
this has been the chief way of improving their ground :
and they ſtill continue v A ſame method; carrying it
ten miles up into the country, and for a great part of
che oy 0s upon horſes backs. One might be more
| particular here in the ſeveral forts of Sand, and their
+Ptiloſoph. manner of uſing them ; but an | ingenious Diſcourſe
Traf«%: upon this Subject, has ſuperſeded that labour. How-
pag-293- ever, What Mr. Ray has communicated concerning the
_ virtue of the ſand, may perhaps not be unacceptable. He
NORNWALL, as by the ſituation 'tis in a
* > manner cut from the reſt of England, fo by
_ is of opinion, that ie depends chiefly upon the ſalt mix'd | by
with itz which is ſo copious, that in _ places falt is
boyl'd up out of a Lixivium made of the fea-ſand ; and
the reaſon why ſand after it hath lain long in the ſun
and wind proves leſs uſeful and enriching, is, becauſe
the dews and rain which fall upon it, ſweep away a good
part of it's ſalt. +
\ They had likewiſe a privilege of trading to all parts
of the world, granced by K. Charles 1. in recom-
a Letter of Thanks dated from Sudley-caſtle Sept. 3. 164z.
which begins thus; We are ſo bighly ſenſible of the extraor-
dinary merit of our County of Cormwall, &c., and conclude
with an Order to have it read and preſerv'd in every
Church and Chapel throughout the whole County.
Their Government is now much the ſame with
the reſt of England ; for in the 32 Hen. 8. a Preſident
and Council were erected for the Weſt : but Cormudl/
and ſome others, defirous to be under the immediate
government of the King and Common Law, vigorouſly
oppos'd it ; fo that it came to nothing.
cir Language too, is the Engliſh ; and (which 6!
ſomething ſurprizing ) obſerv'd by Travellers to be
more pure and refin'd than that of their neighbours, De-
vonſhire and Somerſetſhire. The moſt probable reaſon
whereof, ſeems to be this; that Englih is to them an
introduc'd, not an original Language ; and thoſe who
brought it in were the Gentry Merchants, who Wk: ..
imitated the Diale& of the Court, which is the moſt
nice and accurate. "Their neat way of living and
houſewifery , upon which they juſtly value themſelves
above their neighbours, does poflibly proceed from the
ſame cauſe.
The old Corniſh is almoſt quite driven out of the
Country, being ſpoken only by the vulgar in two or
three Pariſhes at the Lan ; and they too under-
ſtand the Engliſh. In other parts, the inhabitants know
little or nothing of it ; fo that in all likelihood, a ſhort
time will deſtroy the ſmall remains that are left of it.
'Tis a good while ſince, that only two men could write
it, and one of them no Scholar or Grammarian, and
then blind with age. And indeed, it cannot well bc
otherwiſe ; for, beſide the inconveniencies common to
them with the Welſh, ( fach as the deſtruction of their
original Monuments, which Gildas complains of; and
the Roman Language breaking in upon them, hinted
the ſame Gildas, with Tacitus and Martial ) their
language has. had ſome peculiar diſadvantages. As,
x. the loſs of commerce and corr ence with the 6
Armoricans under Henry 7. before which time they had ;
mutual interch of families and Princes with them.
Now the preſent language of that people, || is no other |?
in it's Radicals than the Corniſh, and they ſtill under-
ſtand one another. The affinity berweemthem, and che
agreement of Welſh with them both, will be better ap-
pence of their alty ; and the ſame King writ them
. N by
|
{
{
|
|
prehended by a Specimen of the Lord's Prayer in each. |
(
:
The
CORK NN
WEE
Corniſh.
Ny Taz, ez, yn neau, bonegas |
9w tha banaw. Tha Gwlakath
doaz. Tha bonogath bo gwrez,
en nore pocaragen neau, Roe
thenyen dythma yon dyth bara
gruans ny gan ran weery cara
ny givians mens 0 cabin. Ledia
ny nara idn tentation. Buz, dil-
wer ny thart doeg.
JJ
ein bara beuny
gwared im rhag
Tho' indeed, they affirm the affinity in general
to be much greater than ___ here. However,
the remains of the Corniſh being ſo very nar-
The Creed
The Lord's Prayer in
Welſh.
Eim Tad yr bun wyt
\ nefoedd, ſancteiddier < Ron,
Deued dy deyrmas ; bid dy
ewyllys ar yddaiar megis y mac
nefoedd dyro 3 ms heddyw
ddiol: a mad-
deu i ni ein dyledion, fel y mad-
dewn nm in dyledwyr
arwain mi brofe digacth, enthr
| Armoric.
Hon Tat, petung (0 en coin,
ot'h Hano bezet ſamtifiet De wet
de bo Rovamelez, Ha wo-
lonte bezet gret woar an doxar
euel en conn Roit dezomp hinou
bor bara bemdezier. Ha par-
donnit dezomp hon off angon
evelma pardon nomp dac re
odeus hon offancet. Ua whon
digagit quel e' tentation. Hoguen
hon deliurit a droue.
- ac nar
drwp.
row, to ſet down the Creed in that language, as it
may gratifie the Antiquaries, ſo will it preterve to
| polterity ſome of that little we have {till let.
in Corniſh.
Me agreez en du Taz ollgologack y wrig en neu han noare. Ha yn Jeſu Creſt y vabe bag agar arlyth
auy chr os dur an ſperiz {anz, geniz thart an Voz Mareea, ſufferai dadn Ponc Pilat, we goris dan Vernans
ha bethis, ha thes kidnias the yffarn, y ſawvas arts yn tryſa dyth, ha ſeth war dighow dornyndue taz ol|gologack,
thurt ena ex ra dvuaz, tha juga yn beaw han varaw. Me agreez yn ſperiz fanz, ſanz Cathalic Eglis, yz commu-
nion yn ſans, yn givyans an pegh, yn derivyans yn corf, han Bowians ragnevera. Andellarobo.
2. Another particular cauſe of the decay of it, is,
that when the A# of Uniformity was made, the
Welſh had it in their own tongue ; but the Corniſh,
being in love with the Engliſh, to gratify their no-
velty, deſir'd (it ſeems) to have the Common Li-
turgy in that Language. 3. The giving over of the
Guirimears, i. &. great Speeches, which were formerly
usd at the great Conventions of the people, and con-
ſiſted of Scriptural Hiſtories, &'c. They were held
in the ſpatious and open downs, wherein there were
earthen banks thrown up on purpoſe, large enough
to encloſe thouſands of people, as appears by their
ſhape in ſeveral places, which remains to this day.
Theſe ( with the coming in of Artiticers, Trading-
men, Miniſters, &c. ) may probably have contr1i-
buted very much to this general negle& of their ori-
ginal language, fo that almoſt nothing now appears
ol it in their converſation, and bur very little in any
old writing. Three books in Corniſh, are all that
can be found. One is written in an old court-hand
on Vellam, and in 1036 verſes, contains the Hiſtory
of the Paſſion of our Saviour. It always has Chrest
lor Chrift, according to the ancient Roman way of
: writing Chreſtus for Chriſtus : 1o | Suetonius, Fudeos,
impulſore Chreſto, tumultuantes, &c. But perhaps this
way not be any mark of it's Antiquity, becauſe the
Corniſh pronounce it Cre#f. By the characters and
pictures, it looks ſomething like the time of Rich-
ard 3. or thereabouts ; and poſitively determines
againſt Tranſubſtantiation. The other two are tran-
{crib'd out of the Bodleian Library ; one is tranſlated,
and the other is now a tranſlating by Mr. Keigwin,
the only perſon perhaps that perfedly underitands
the tongue.
[a] And fo much for the County in general.
e will now go along with Mr. Camden in his de-
[cription of ir 3 who to confirm his conjefure about
the Original of the name Cornwall, obſerves ſome
other places of the like denomination. To his in-
ltances may be added, the City Carnon, otherwiſe
Calld Carna, meerly upon the account of it's ſtand-
Ing upon an angle, cut out by two high-ways that
met there in a point ; and Corſica, call'd by the Phce-
nicians Carnatha, which was afterwards mollity'd by
the Greeks into Keeridj:s, Kigr®, Kygr®, all from it's
having {o many Promontories. And theſe names
being all in the Eaſtern Countries, ſeem to favour an
' Opinion produc'd by a || later Author, that this Coun-
tyoriginally had the name from the Phcenicians,
Who traded hither for tinn, cheren 1n their language
being a horn. For beſides that there is no other Pro-
montory in this Iſland of that name, tho” the ſhape
of ſeveral would anſwer it well enough C which ar-
gue that it was no cuſtom amongſt the Britains, to
&'ve ſuch names ; ) beſides this, 1 ſay, the nature of
a
wa, a 2.43.13 4 a... Go Ih. itn Donor Bo
Cc
the thing does very much favour ic : for the form
depending intirely upon the increaſe or decreaſe of
the ſea-coaſt, Sailors might better diſcover it at a di-
ſtance, than the inhabitants could do by land, or by
the afliſtance of their little boats, with which they
ply'd only upon the very ſhores.
But what if quitting this, we ſhovid derive the
name from Car», which ſignifies in Britiſh « rock, as
much more eaſie and natural, and not requiring the
afliſtance of a ſtrong fancy to help it out ? Thar the
place ir ſelf would fuit with ſuch a conje&ture, is
agreed by all ; and our hiſtories inform us, char
when the Britains betook themlelves to thoſe parts,
they had a particular eye to the rocks and moun-
tains as the moſt likely place for ſhelter ; ſo eminent
was that country for them. This opinion is yet more
probable, if we conſider that ſeveral of theſe rocky
hills to this day retain the name of Cars, as Cars-
Inmis, Carw-chy, Carn-bray, Carn-margh, Carn-ulac, &CC.
{ b] The latter part of the name, 'tis true, implies
a ſtranger, but the Saxons did not call fuch an one
WealrÞ but WealÞ, as appears by WealÞ-beod a ws -
reign nation, Wealb-ycod an interpreter ; and ſuch like.
And this, no doubt, gave the name to the Welſh in
man dialet. For (ſay they ) the Saxons coming
over, and obſerving them to have the ſame lan-
guage with the Gaules, as alſo the ſame cuſtoms and
ways of living, preſently term'd them Gaules, or
Wanles. But beſides that the Saxons could not be
ſo much ſurprizd at this affinity, having by their
piracies for many years, got a tolerable ov of
both nations ; *the name of Weallap was not usd till
the utter ſubverfion and expulſion of the poor Bri-
tains. Bede calls them Britzones, and in Alfred's Ver-
fion of him we meet with Bpyetar, and Bneozene,
Bperene, Bpyrene , &c. but not a word of the
.
Weallay or Wallis ; whereas to expreſs Gau/e, we find
Galia and Gallia-pice. The firſt mention of it is in
| the Laws of King Ive, which were made at leaſt
a hundred years after the extirpation of the Britains;
and when that was effeted, what could be more
natural than to call thoſe peregrin, and extrane, pil-
grims and travellers, whom they had forc'd to quir
their native Country, and look out for a new leat *
[ c ] After the Original of the name, our Author
is very diſtin&t in his account of the Stammaries or
tinn-mines. It may be farther worth our obſeryati-
on, that tho' Cornwall now have the greateſt ſhare
in them, there being little or no tinn made in De-
wonſbire ; yet in K.John's time there was more found
in that County, than in _—_ For it appears that
|| G
general, tho? * Voſſius, F Buchanan, \| Cluver, and others, * De Viriis
rejeing our Author's judgment, have advanc'd ano- $73: | 2+
cher conjeure ; affirming it to come from Gaule, + K:rum
: . ar Sconc.lib.2.
by a change of (g) into (w) according to the Ger | German
AnNriqu. Lt;
C. 3s
® Somrer $
Giotiar.
Stantnried,
D A N M
O NIL
M und;c k,
the Coynage of Devonſhire was then ſer to farm for
Ioo Tl, = | RE that of Coruwall yielded. but
100 marks. And according to this proportion the
tenth thereof amounting to 16 /. 13 s. 4 d. is at this
day paid by the Crown to the Biſhop of Exeter. Burt
K. John did not firſt beſtow theſe tenths upon the
Church (as ſome ſay,) for he only reſtor'd them, up-
on a complaint made by the Biſhop, that thoſe who
rented the Stannaries reiusd to pay him his due.
In the working of thele tin mines, there has been
often found mix'd wich the-tinn, another ſort of Ore
which was yeilow, common!y calld Mundick ; neg-
lected for a long time by the 1inners; and when it
was work'd along with che tinn, went all away 11
a ſmoak, which was lcok'd upon to be very unwhot-
ſome. But lately it has been try'd and wrovght lin-
gly by ſome curious undertakers, and is found to
urn to very great advantage, by afiording true cop-
Per.
made it negletcd, now che extraordinary return that
copper makes, is like to !efſen the value of tinn. This
Mundick, as in ſome reſpects it is very unwhoitome,
ſo in ochers ic is a fovercign remedy. Where there
have been great quancirics of it, working in the mines
was very dangerous, by reaſon ot the great damps
and unwholſome ftcams, which often riſing on a
ſudden, choak'd the workmen. Bur for this it makes
amends by an cfte& entirely contrary ; for being ap
ply'd to any wound before it is wrought, it ſudden-
ly heals it; and the workmen when they receive
Cuts 07 wounds (as they ofen do in the mines ) uſe
no other remedy but waſhing them in the water that
runs from the Mund:ck-ore. But if it is dreſt and
burnt, the water in which 'tis walhd is ſo venomous,
that it eſters any fore, and kills the fith of any river
it falls jato.
Our Author tells us, that all the Tinn after 'ris
wrought is to be brought to one of the four Towns
to be ſtamp'd, &c. The ſtamp is the ſeal of the
Dutchy ; and the towns, Liskeard, Loſtwithiell, Truro,
and Helton ; but ſince Mr. Camden's time, Penſans al-
ſo is made a Coynage-town. In Edw. i. time, Bodmyn
made up a fifth, bur in the reign of Edw. 2. upon a
petition to the King and Council, made by the men
of Lo{{withiell, it was given in favour of the latter,
and Bedmyn depriv'd of that privilege. There are
alſo wo other Copnages, which the 'Tinners call Poſt-
Coynoges, and for which they pay 4 4. tor every hun-
dred weight : theſe are at Lady-day and Chriſtmas.
After the Coynage and other legal dutics are ſatify*d,
che Tinner 1s at liberty to fell his tinn as he thinks
fit, except the King or Duke has a mind to buy it ;
for they have a right of Preemprion.
In the 33d year of K. Edw. 1. the Tinners of Corn-
wall pray d and obtain'd a Charter of their Liberties,
diſtinct from thoſe of Devonſhire, according to the
form of K. Henry's confirmation ; and the Mer-
chants buying tinn in Cornwall, obtain'd a grant of
2 Coynages yearly, that is, at the Feaſts of S. John
and S. Michacl ; and from the date of K. Edward's
Charter the Tinners of Cornwall became a ſeparate
body from thoſe oft Devonſhire. Bur the Officers of
the Stannarics in both Counties, under colour of their
Liberties, ufing divers oppretiions; upon a complaint
made, 5-0 Edw. 3. an Explanation of the Charters
was made by Act of Parliament; which was con-
firm'd, and the juriſdiction of the Stannarics farther
reltrain'd by a Statute in the 15 Car. 1.
Prince Arthur, eldeſt fon to K. Hen. 7. made cer.
tain Conſtitutions relating to the Srtannaries, which
the Tinners refus'd to obſerve; and taking a greater
liberty than was juilihable by their Charters, K. Hen.7.
(who ſeldom let flip any opportunity of filling his
coffers ) made that a pretence after K. Arthur's death,
to ſecure the Stannaries into his own hands. Bur
finding that it did not turn to fo much account as he
had propos'd, he was prevail'd upon to accept of
1000 l. for all the pretended Forfeitures, granting
them his Charter of pardon. By which Charter he
farther granted, that no Law relating to the Tinners
ſhould be made withou: the conſent of 24 Starnators ;
and thoſe to be choſen by the Mayor and Council
of a Borough in th;2 4 divilions, 6 our of each.
So that whereas betore, the value of the tinn |
[d | To. come to the ſeveral parts of the County ;
our Author obſerves that the Tamar is it's entire bound
from Devonſhire. And in moſt places it does dividz
chem, but not in all: for Mount Edycombe, and a
great part of the Pariſh of Maker, though on the
welt-ſide of Tamar, are yet in Devonſhire ; only as
to Eccleſiaſtical Juriſdiction they are within che
Archdeaconry ot Cornwall; and over againſt Salra(j
on the caſt-!ide Tamar, *tis within Cornwall, and {>
about Nor:hamerton. "The reafon probably is this ;
Þanx che diviſion of the Shiros, ſome eminent per-
tons living on one ſide the river, and yet having part
of their eltates upon the other, got the latter inclu-
ded within the ſame County as the former. So the
family of /alleterte or de Valle torta, having their man-
lion on the caſt-tide of che river ( perhaps at or about
Plimouth, where 1s yet known the mannour of Yay.
tort or Vallctort) had on the welt-tide ſome piece of
taeir eſtate, and fo got it to be part of Dewonſh;re.
"Thus all that tract of ground of which Afoun:-
| Edgcomb is a part, bcing call'd by the name of
| Vawtort's home, continues part of Devonſhire. Whe-
ther that ſmall part of Kent near Woolwich, ly ing
' on Eſlex-fide z a5 alſo a piece of Oxfordſhire near
| Culham on Berkſhire ſide; and a flip of Stafford-
ſhire upon Derbyſhire ſide, may not have happend
| upon the like occalion, thoſe who have an opportu-
| nity of ſeeing the records of the reſpective places,
would do well to confider.
[ e ] The bound being thus ſettld, let us return
to the Lands-end, where on a little Iſland ſo much
diſtant from the land that a boat with Oars may pats
berween, ſtood Caren an Peale, commonly call'd :he
the ſea, very narrow at top. In the year before King
Charles 1, was beheaded, it was prodigiouſly cut off
by a ftorm, where 'twas 14 foot ſquare; and falling,
broke in three pieces.
{ f ] Mr. Camden mentions a Tradition that this
Promontory ſtretch'd it felf farther towards the Welt;
to which, cheſe hints may perhaps contribute ſome-
thing of probabilicy : That about the middle way
berween Land's-end and 'Scilly there are rocks call'd
in Corniſh Lethas, by the Engliſh Seven-ftones; and
the Corniſh call that place within the ſtones Treowva,
1. e. a dwelling, where it has been reported "that
windows and fuch other ſtuff have been taken up
with hooks (for that is the beſt place of fiſhing; )
that from the Lands-end to Scilly is an equal depth of
water ; that S. Michae/s Mount is calld in Corniſh
Careg cowſe in clowſe, i. e. the hoary rock in the wood;
chat *tis certain, there have been large trees, with
roots and body, driven in by the ſea between S. Mi-
chael's Mount and Penſance cf late years. To theſe
add the tradition, that at the cime of this inundation,
Trevilian Iwam from thence, and in memory there-
of bears Gules an horſe argent iſſuing out of the ſea proper.
independant Deanery formerly belonging to 'the
Pope, and ſeiz'd into the King's hands by one of
the Edwards. It contains within it's juriſdiction the
pariſhes of Burian, Zennen, and S. Leven, and the
Bifhops of Exeter holding it in Commendam, all
ſpiritual juriſdiction is fo entirely lodg'd in them,
that there lyes no Appeal from them but to the
King diretly. Upon a tomb in the Church there
is this Inſcription, which poflibly may afford the
curious ſome light into their ancient Letters, and chs
faſhions of tombs in thoſe days,
farmed Knight : Caren ligmihes a rock, and Pele a fpirc. Te
The ſpire was ten fathom above the ordinary flux of
[ g ] Near the utmoſt rocks, ſtands St. Burians a 8.
yer, ”
o\ bit,
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We may obſerve, that upon one ſide of it is writ-
4 ten Bollait, and within that pariſh there is a place
of the ſame name, to which the deceas'd party did
belong,
[ h ] Not far from this place is Biſcaw-woune, which
our Author imagines to have been a trophy rais'd ei-
ther by the Romans or K. Athelſtan. But ic may
be worth the Readers enquiry, whether it is not
more probably an ancient Sepulchral monument of
the Britains ; eſpecially, ſince it plainly appears from
- the inſcription of } other Stones thus fer up on end,
" that they were ſuch. One. particularly in Wales, ob-
-. ferv'd by Mr. Edw. Lhwyd, encompaſ6d indeed with
aditch inſtead of ſtones, has an Inſcription to this
ſenſe, Mayeſt thou awake.
[ i ] More to the Eaſt is Penſans, which our Au-
thor interprets Caput ſabuli, or the head of the ſands,
But the true conſtruction of the word. is the bead of
the /aint ; and that this is the right name, appears from
the Arms of the town, which are, St. Fobn Baptiſt's
head in a charger. If this did not put it beyond
all diſpute, we might imagine the original name to
have been Penſeavas, which ſignifies the head of the
channel, and agrees very well to the nature of the
place.
In this pariſh is S. Madaren's Well, the cures where-
of have been very remarkable. * Biſhop Hall tells
- us, that a Cripple who for 16 years together was
forc'd to walk upon his hands by reaſon the' ſinews
of his legs were contracted, was induc'd by a dream
© walh in chis Well; which had ſo good effect, that
timlelf ſaw him both able to walk, and to get his
own maintenance. 1 know not whether this be a
diſtin& inſtance from another that is undobbtedly
true. Two perſons that had found the preſcriptions
of Phyſicians and Chirurgeons altogether unprofita-
ble, went to this Well (according to the ancient cu-
ſtom ) on Corpas Chriſti Eve, and laying a ſmall of-
tering upon the Altar, drank of the water, laid upon
the ground all night, in the morning took a good
draught more, and each of them carry'd away ſome
of the water in a bottle. Wirhin 3 weeks they found
the effe&t of ic, and (their ſtrength increaſing by de-
grees ) were able to move themſelves upon crutches.
Next year they cook the ſame courſe, after which
they were able to go up and\down by the help of a
ſtaff. Ar length, one of them, being a Fiſherman,
was, and, if he be alive, is ſtill able to follow that
buſineſs. The other was a Soldier under Colonel
If illiam Godolphin, and dy'd in the ſervice of K. Ch. x,
Afcer this, the Well was ſuperſticiouſly frequented,
ſo that the Rector of the neighbouring Pariſh was
forc'd to reprove ſeveral of his Pariſhioners for it:
Bur accidencally meeting a2 woman coming from, it
with a bottle in her hand, 2nd being troubl'd with
colical pains, defr'd to drink of it, and found him-
ſelf eag'd of thar diſtemper |
The inſtances are too near our own times,and tod
well atteſted, to fall under the ſufpicion of bare tra-
ditions or Legendary fables: And being ſo very re-
markable, may well claim a place here. Only, 'tis
worth our obſervation, that the laſt of them deltroys
the miracle ; for if he was cur'd upon accidentally
taſting it, then the Ceremonies of offering, lying on
the ground, &c. contributed nothing ; and fo' the
virtue of the water claims che whole remedy. |
{ k ] Going along the ſea-coaſt, we come to the
Cher/oneſe call'd Meneg, which, as alio the Erth in it (a Meneg,
monument mentiond by our Author ) a late curious
© Writer will have of a Phcenician original ; che firlt , Om
from . Meneog ſignifying kept in by the ſea; and the 1e- I
cond from Arith, a common name for lakes 3 and
| chis military fence being plac'd by a lake, may very
, well be ſuppos'd to have its denomination from
thence. | |
[ 1] Upon the ſame coaſt is Tregeny, interyreted Tregeny.
by our Author, &@ little town at the mouth. But (if [
am rightly inform'd ) there is no occaſion for the di-
minutive; which is the rather probable, becaufe
T Tira and by contraction tra in the Phoenician, is * bvid-p.c>.
ſo far from ſignifying any inconſiderable place, that
it denotes a Fort or Caſtle.
The not knowing the ſignification of this word,
has led into an error ſeveral of the Corniſh-gentry in
taking their coat-armour, according to the import of
their name. Thus Trefuſis (which does really lignitie
a walled town or fortify'd place) becauſe the found
oes ſomewhat alike, is whirl'd into three fuſils, and
0 three ſpindles are crept into the arins of that name.
Trenances, 1s a place or town by a vale; but becauſe
it ſounds not unlike rres enſes, a fefs between three
ſwords is born by the family. Many more inſtances
of this kind might be given, eſpecially where; the
initial Tre (as if it were of a Latin original ) has de-
termin'd them to take three of whatever they chule.
Near Tregeny is Grampownd, to the Burgers Grampourd
whereof Fobn of Eltham Earl of Cornwall, in
his Charter which is ſtill extant, granted and
confirm'd the whole Ville of Grampont, and all
the lands of Coyrfala, which in the Britiſh figni-
fies Fala wood; and at this day there are certain
Lands adjoyning to the town, and within the pre-
cints of the borough, call'd Coisfala. Which re-
mains of the old name, and the ſituation of the town
exactly agreeing with that of Yo/uba in Ptolemy, ſeem y,,.;,.
to roftific an opinion, that upon erecting the ad-
joyning bridge over the river Yale, it exchangd the
name of Voluba for Ponſmur 5; by which name ( in
Briciſh ſignifying a great bridge ) Edmund Earl of
Cornwal pa TY it ; and this being put into
French, is exa&tly Granpond, or as 'tis caiPd at this
day Grampond. Upon the fea coaſt at ſome diltapce,
is Tregonen the ſeat of the Tredenhams, an ancient and
well-ally'd family.
[ m | Not far from hence is Roſe/avd, which nei- Raſeland.
ther borrows its name from a roſe (as the rulgar,) nor
from heath, as our Author imagines ; but from Roſe
or Reps, which is in Corniſh, a Vale or Valley. The
ſound of this word implying. ſomething of a yoſe,
and the beauty of that flower, has led ſome into the
ſame error as the foremention'd Tre has done others.
So Roſagan ( which name ſignifies no more than a
white valley,) takes 3 red Roles. Roſcarrock (1.e. a rock
in the valley) a rob and a tench. Penroſe (i. e. head
of the valley ) a bend fet about with poſes : with
others of the ſame kind. |
Farther up in the land is Lanbidrock, the feat of the Lanks-
Right honorable the Earl of Radnor, whoſe Great *'**
Grandfather was made Pzaron of Truro by K. Ch. 1.
and his Grandfacher Earl of Radnor by K. Ch. 2.
n] More to the ealt is S. Neots, where the very ; yg.
foociteps of the o:d Church or College are quite
one; fo that there are no ruins of it within the pa-
riſh, no body knows where it ſtood, nor are there
B 2 any
- — ——<— ” OO —
- A e..DTt A — cc_CCCTT..Sooeoer en crete nt
DANMONTL
any Church-lands that are known to have formerly | apparent to the Crown of England (if eldeſt ſons )
belong'd to it : which makes it probable that it was | have enjoy'd ir ſuccethyely.
alienated long before the Reformation. Here is at | | ;
preſent a fine country Church ; and in the windows | A Catalogue of more rare Plants growing wild
are ſeverat pictures relating to ſome particular tradi- | in Cornwall.
tions of the Jews; which are exactly deliverd in a
8
Corniſh book now in the + publick Library at Ox-
ford. *Tis probable they had theſe traditions imme-
diately from the Jews themſelves, who were here in
great numbers about the tinn.
{ o ] From hence northward we come to Wring-
cheeſe, ſtones which lie upon a high rock, and were
doubtleſs natarally and accidentally fo pil'd one up-
on another ; lying askew, and not perpendicularly,
the leaſt at the bottom.
; Aline ſpuria puſilla_ repens , foliis ſaxifragz au-
rex. Small creeping round-leaved baſtard chickweed.
On moiſt banks in many places both of Cormwall and De-
vonſhire, together wth Cmpanula Cymbalariz toliis.
This Plam 1s figur'd by Dr. Plukenet Phytograph. Tab.7.
and deſcrib'd m Synopl. Stirp. Britan.
Aſparagus paluſtris Ger. marinus F.B. marinus craſ.
ſiore folio Park. maritimus craffiore folio C.B. Marſh-
Aſparagus or Sperage. It # found growing on the
Hurlers. Near to theſe are the Hurlers, which are oblong, | cliffs at the Lizard-point in Cornwall.
rude and vnhewn ſtones, pitch'd in the ground on Aſcyrum ſupinum villoſum paluſtre C. B. Park.
one end, ſtanding upon a down in three circles, the Alcyr 2. ſive ſupinum ©\&#n; Clufii Ger. emac. Round.
centers wereof are in a right line; the middlemoſt leaved marſh St, Peter's wort, On boggy grounds about
circle the greateſt. They ſeem neither to be tro- | ſprmging Waters m mahy places, moſt abundantly toward;
phies nor land-marks ( as our Arthor conjetures, ) | /he Lands end im this County. 3
* See B- * but burying places of the ancient Britains. For | Campanula Cymbalariz foliis Ger. emac. Park.
Re” tn 'be other half ſtone ( mention'd by Camden) not far | Cymbalariz foliis vel folio hederaceo C. B. folio he-
wg Coun- from thoſe Hurlers, appears by the inſcription to have | deraceo, ſpecies Cantabricez Anguillarz F. B. Tender
Paol.
Trerice.
Wade-
bridge.
þ Lel.Itine-
141. Vol. 2.
Batercausx.
St 7 KTONs
been a fepulchral ſtone. And that too call'd the
Long-/tone ſtanding in the downs about half a mile
trom the Hurlers, above wwo yards and a half high,
with a Croſs on both ſides, was doubtleſs a funeral |
monument, The figure of 'it is this
About two miles from the river Loo, is the pre-
ſent ſear of the ancient family of the Trelawnies,
to which by marriage with one of the daugh-
ters heireſſes to Courtney Earl of Devonſhire, a great
part of the inheritance of that noble family came.
They were poſſeſsd of this place only ſince the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, having before been for
many apes ſeated firſt at Trelawny, and afrerwards at
Minhinnead, ( a town diſtant about 6 miles, on the
ſ-me river Loo) where they ſtill have a large houſe,
the place of their former reſidence, call'd Pool. ,
Towards the northern coaſt of this County is Tre
rice, the ſeat of the Lord Arundel, whoſe family was
advanc'd by K. Charles 2. to the dignity of Ba-
rons, for their eminent loyalty and ſervice to the
Crown.
Þ ] About 5 miles above Pad/tow is Wadebridge,
a' bridge of {ſeventeen arches, and much the largeſt
in the whole country. + It was built by one Love-
bene Vicar of the place, to prevent thoſe dangers
which paſſengers on horſe-back were expos'd to by
ferrying over. The foundations of ſome of the
arches were firſt laid upon quick ſands, which made
the undertaker deſpair of effeing his deſign, till he
laid packs of wool for the ground-work.
' q ] Upon the north-coalt is Borereaux, which by
marriage with an heireſs of that name, our Author
tclls us came to the Fngerfords. By her Robert Lord
Hungerford had iſſue Robert: Lord Hungerford and
Molins, and he Thimas T.ord Hungerford” his ſon,
whoſe fole heireſs Mary was marry'd to Edward
Lord Haſtings and Hungerford ; by whom he had
Ceerge the firlt of that Sirname Earl of Huntingdon.
This caftle with a large inheritance continu'd in that
family until the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
[ r |] Towards the north-eaſt upon the ſame coaſt
lies Stratron, near which place, the Corniſh forces
for K. Charles 1. A. 1643. gain'd a vittory over the
Partiament-army. In the place, there follow'd a pro-
_ crop of barley, ren or twelve ears on one
alk. So formerly, after the battle with the Danes
in Sworrfeld, a certain ſhrub ſprang up (therefore
call'd Dane-ball or Dane-2wort, by others Dwarf-elder)
| Ioy-leawed Bellflower. On many moiſt and watery banks
| in this County, and elſewhere in the Wet of England.
| Centaurium paluſtrerluteum minimum. The leaf
| Marſh Centory. On @ rotten boggy ground between S. [ves
and Penſans. It grows alſo mm ſeveral the like places there
abouts.
Chamzmelum odoratiflimum repens flore ſimplici
7. B. nobile feu odoratius C. B. Romanum Ger.
Sweet ſcented creeping Camonrile, or commun Camonnle.
It grows ſo plentifully upon the downs in this Connire,
that you may (cent it all along as you ride.
Erica foliis Corios multiflora F. B. Coris folio ſe-
cundz altera fpecies Clus. Juniperifolia Narbonen-
ſis, dense fruticans Lob. Fir-leawved Heath with many
flowers. On Goon-hilly downs going from Helſton to rhe
Lizard point, plentifully. This is different from the
the ſecond Erica Cors folio of Cluſius, notwith-
{tanding that C. Bauhine, and Parkinſon following
him, make it the ſame therewith. For Cluſius him-
ſelf diſtinguiſterh chem.
Euphraſie lures latifolia paluſtris. Euph. latifolia
viſcata ferrata- H. Reg. Blzs. Great yellow Marſh Ey-
bright. About boggy and watery places, eſpecially towards
| the further end of this County, plemtifully. Figured in
' Dr. Plukener's Phytogr. Tab. 27.
Feeniculum vulgare Ger. Park. vulgare minus 1n1-
griore & acriore ſemine F. B. vulgare Germanicum
C. B. item ſylveſtre ejuſdewr. Common' Frmmel or Finckle.
All along the cliffs between Lalant and Sr. Ives, and
thereabouts, plentifully.
Geranium puſillum maritimum ſupinum Betonicz
folio noſtras. Small Sea- Cranesbill with Betony leaves.
In ſandy and gravelly places near the Sea, about Penſans
and elſewhere ors. v This is figured by Dr. Plukenet
m1 his Phytographia, Tab. 31. ig. 4.
Gnaphalium maritimum C. B. maritimum multis
F. B. marinum Ger. marinum feu cotonaria Park.
Sea-Cudweed or Cotton-weed: On the baich or gravel!y
| vi between Penſans and St. Michael's mount plent:-
, fully.
Gramen datyloides radice repente Ger. datylon
folio arundinaceo majus C. B: repens, cum panicula
Graminis Mannz F. B. canarium, Ichxmi panicu-
lis Park: Creeping Cocksfoot-graf. Foumd by Mr. New-
tow on the (andy ſhores between Penſans and Marketyeu,
plentifully.
Herniaria- glabra. Herniaria Ger. F. B. Mille-
grana major ſen Herniaria' vulgaris Patt: Polygo-
num minus S. Millegrana minor C. B. Smooth-leaved
wrewort. Ht the Lizard pomt plentifully.
yacinthus Autumnahs minor Ger. Park. Autum-
which 1s no where elſe to be found but there, or
tranſplanted from thence.
Continuation of the DUKES.
nalis minimus F. B. ftellaris Autumnalis minor C. B-
The leſſer Aurumnal Star-Flyacinth. On the Promontery
called rhe Lizard point plentifully.
Pifum maritimum' Anglicum. The Engliſh Seo
praſe. The ſame, I ſappoſe, which grows on the baich
By virtue of that Privilege ( mention'd by our Au- | rween A h and Orford im Suffolk, where (ce rhe SY*
thor )- whereby the King's eldeſt Son is born Duke | nonyma. the baich neat Pen/ans where rhe Gnapha-
of Cormyall, fince Edward the Black-Prince, the keirs
lium marinum groz?s.
Linas
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Barn/lible Bay
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Linaria 6dorata' Monfpeſſulana F. B. An Linaria
capillaceo folio ereta, flore odoro C.B ? Linar. ca-
ryophyllatz albicans C. B ? Blae fweer-ſmelling Toad-
flax. Neat Perins along the hedges plentifally. It grows
ſometimes @ yard bigh. The leaves are not ſet confuſeully
on the ftalk, as ins the common Linaria, bat in rundles at
diftances. The ſtalks ate brittle, much branched toward
the rop, and the flowers ftans not thick —_— foge-
ther, bat more ſparſed, or at greater intervals : and are
4 pale blue , and ſtreaked all along, beel and all, with a
deeper. The lower lip at the gaping is ſpotted with
toe
l
. Linum ſylveſtre anguſtifolium, floribus dilute pur-
puraſcentibus vel carneis C. B. ſylv. anguſtifolium
7.B. An Linum ſylveſtre anguſtifolium 6. Clas ?
an Lini ſylv. quinti varietas euſdem ? Narrow-leaved
wild Flax. Is the paſtures by the Sea-fide about S. boes
and Truro' plentifully.
Peplis F. B. Fer. Park. maritima folio obtuſo C. B.
Small purple Sea-ſpurge. On the ſandy ſhores between
Penſans and Market jeu plentifully. I bave not fount this
OO
_ —
__— —— — —
—
any where elſe in England ; but in hot Countriet as Ital
abundantly re rr be wes.
Hy flore minore carries. Butterwort with
4 ſrmall fleſh-coloured flower, m moiſt meadows ani marſh-
as Forf Tanna and don |
Polygonum Serpyllifolium verticillatum: Polyg.
parvum flore alb. verticillato F. B. An Polygala re-
pens nuperorum Lob ? Park? repens nivea
C. B. Verticillate Knot-grafs with like leaves. I
grows in water) places near Springs, between $. Columbe
and Michil, and about Penſans, and towards the Lands
end in many places.
To theſe I ſhall add a fort of grain, ſown plen-
= towards the further end of this County ;
that 15,
Avena nuda Ger. f.B. C. B. Park. Naked Oats,
called bereabouts Pillis or Pill-corn, from its being natu-
rally as it were pilled or denuded of the busk, wherewith
the common Oat # covered, It x much eſteemed, and of
equal price with heat.
—
| ——
© & 0 N 83 0
which Ehave mention'd, is now com-
monly call'd, Denſbire, by the Corniſh-
Britains Dewnan, by the Welſh-Bri-
tains Duffneym , that is, deep vallies,
becauſe they live every where here lowly in che
bottoms 3 by the Engliſh Saxons © Deuenjchine ,
trom whence comes the latin Devon, and chiat
contracted name, us'd by the vulgar, * Derſhire ; and
not from- the Danes, as ſome Pretenders do ſtifly
hold. This Country as it ſhoots otit on both ſides
with greater breadth than Cornwall, ſo it has more
commodious harbours or each fide of it ; nor is it
leſs rich- in tinn mines [ a ],, efpecially towards the
weſt-part ; being enamel'd with finer meadows,
ſhelter'd with: more woods, and very full of towns
and houſes. Bur-the ſoil in fome- places is as poor
and-lean, on the other ſide ;- which however makes
a zood-return to the husbandman, it he has skill in
husbandry, a mind to labour, and a good purſe to
beſtow upon ie. Nor indeed are there many places in
England, where land requires more charge to till it ;
for it is almoſt quite barren in moſt parts, unleſs it
i. be over-ſpread with a * certain ſand from the ſea,
which renders ie very fruitful, and as it were im-
pregnates the glebe ; and therefore -in places more
remote from-the ſhore, it is bought dear | b ].
In deſcribing this County, my way ſhall be firſt
along. the weſt-ſide,, bounded by the Tamar ; then ,
along the ſouth, which lies upon-the Ocean ;. from
hence by the-eaſtern-bounds, where it touches upon.|
the County of Dorſet, and Somerſetſhire, T will return
-s the north-coaſt, which is bounded by the Severn.
ca.
The Tamer ( which divides theſe counties) firſt
ot: this ſide from-the* eaſt receives the ſmall river
Lid, upon' which ſtands -Lidfon, a little market-
town, and Lidford now a ſmall village, but formerly
a famions town [c |, moſt ſadly ſhaken by the:
Danes in the year 997. This town ( as it appears
rom that book whetein William 1. took his ſarvey
of England) was worit to betaxed- at the ſame time,
and atter the ſame manner that London was. This'
lictle river Ld, being here at the bridge pent up with'
rocks, has made ir ſelf. fo deep a' fall by. continual'
working,- that the water-is not to be ſeen, but only
the murmare of it to be heard, to the great admira-
built about the year of our Saviour. 961. The place
(ſays Malmesbury) x f png or the convenience of
wood, for fine fiſhing, and an uniform Church ; the banks
of the river lie along juſt by the ſhops, which by the force
of it's current waſhes away all the rubbiſh thrown into it.
Saint Rumon @ Biſhop much talk'd of there, where be
lies buryd. And there x ſeen in the ſame M, the
ſepulcher of Ordgar ; and the huge bulk of N lzus
his Son # look'd upon'as - wonder ; he us cal, + onl,
of pigantick growth, an odi zou8 ftrengt or ne
7 5f break = bars of ne ye Ly als the river
ten foot broad ſtridewile, -if we may credit the ſaid
Wiliam. But it had hardly conrinu'd thirty three
years from the foundation; of_ it, till it was burne
down by the Danes. Yet it flouriſh'd again, and by
which is now grown into'diſuſe )* continu'd down
to the laſt age, left (thar which hath almoſt now
happen'd,) the knowledge of it ſhould” be quite
loſt [| d ]. The Tamat having' receiv'd'the Teave,
comes next to it's mouth, wher&rhe Pim, in con-
junRion with it , rolls into the ſex, and gives
formerly call'd S#tton': this ſeems to' have been two-
HE hither Country of the Danmenii, | monly Taviffoke, formerly famous for an Abbey, Twitoks
which Ordul/ph the ſon of Ordgar, Earl of Deyon- The fours
- wan} e
ſhire, by the admoniſhment of a viſion from heaven, Charter:
a laudable inſtitution, here were Le&ures of our <,con Le:
old mother tongue (TI niean' the: Saxon-language , tures.
name to the town Phmonrh ſeated on it, which was pynouth,
fold';- for we: find mention ity the Acts of Parlia- ;; H.4.
ment, of SwuttonVautort, arid Sutton Prior, which
partly belong'd to the family of the Vallerorrs, and
partly to the Prior, In the, laſt age from a ſmall
tiſher-village it grew up to a-large cown,. and is not
inferiour to a city, in number of inhabieants, as we
ſee it at this day £61]. The convenience of the
Haven was the cauſe of this riſe, which admits the
greateſt ſhips that are, without ſtriking ſail, and
yields them ſafe harbour, tho' never fo big,. as well in
the Tamar as the Plim : beſides, it is ſufficiencly: for-
tify'd to withſtand the attacques of an enemy. For
in the very. middte, the © Iſle S. Michae! lies before
it, which is alſo fortify'd. And then the Haven
at. the crown: is guarded on both ſides, and block'd
up with a chain crofling it, upor! occaſion ;. being .
guarded: on the ſouth by-a baſtion, and by a caſtle on
the next hill; buile, ( as *tis thought!) by the Yalle-
torts, The whole town is divided into four tribes,
tion of thoſe that pals over.
Lower down, the Teave, 2 little river, runs into:
which we in our language call #ards,. who- are- all
governd by a Mayor, ordain'd by Henry 6. and
the Tamar, upon which flouriſhes Teawviſtoke, com-
| under him formerly a * Caprain was made to every
#4
— — —
mins, » Irhink in moſt parts'of England ir is (till com
Cornwa!l, and Philoſophical Tranſaftions, Numb. 103. p. 29.
more.
« The true Saxon name is Defnaſcyre ; for the Saxons never ſer (h) aw that being. a way of writing which we owe entirely to the Nor-
1.88
The name
ire, withour ſuch a ' contraftion. = «© See rhe Additions to
chis iland is & Nicholas, and contains two vcres of ground or
ſingle
* Capt.
tancrs,
"ME
« BY »
:
© $9 OO A 9 OG
At _—_ ———_——_ A bs 4 my _ os.
Mae; AS. Va WOES OR 00 Ra Ae wn 4 Re VE Gar
” * . av LC © a + v4
neV RAE wt
BEN ON T1 T1
Gogmagog Gog
$ir Francis
Drak
Cc.
The Cler-
gy firſt
reiſtrain-
Fiimpton.
power, t
great ſcandal of the Chriſtian name.
ſingle ward, who had each one alſo his inferior Offi-
cers. As to that fable of Corinzus's wraſtling with
og the giant in this place, it may utjice to
ſubſcribe a. verſe or two from the Archirentius con-
CEerning our giants :
Hos, avidum bell; robur, Corinens Averno
Precipites miſit, cubitis ter quatuor altum
Gogmagog Herculea ſufpendit tm atra lutts ;
Anthtumque ſuum ſcopulo detruſit in aquor.
Potavitque d;to Thet:s ebria Janguine flutt ns,
Diviſumque talit mare corpus, Cerberns umbram.
With thoſe rude Monſters bred in wars and blood,
Brave Corinzus clogg'd the Stygian flood :
High in the air huge Gogmagog he ſhook,
And pitch'd the vile Antzus from his rock.
His hated carcaſs on the waves was toſt,
And Cerberus ſtarted at his monſtrous ghoſt.
ThatRock, from which the Giant is reported to have
been thruſt off, is now call'd :he Haw, a hill between
the town and the ſea; on the top whereof, which 15
levelled into a delicate plain, there is a very pleaſant
proſpect on all fides, and a curious Index, which they
Call a compaſs, for the uſe of mariners. The town 15
not very large, but its name and reputation 1s very
great among all nations ; and that not ſo much for
the convenience of the harbour, as for the excellence
of the Natives *. For, to mention no others, this
town gave being to Sir Francs Drake Knight ; in ma:
ritime atehievements, without diſpute, the greateſt
Captain of our age. Who firlt to repair the loſſes he
had ſaffer'd from the Spaniards, as | have heard him.
ſelf ſay as it were, block d up the Ray of Mexico for
ewo years together with continual defeats ; and tra.
velPd over the Straits of Dariena ; ' whence having de-
ſcry'd the South-ſea, as the Spaniards call it, it made
ſuch impreflion on his mind, that like Themiſtocles in-
flam'd with the trophies of Miltiades, he thought he
ſhould be wanting to himſelf, his country, and his
own glory, if he did not complete the diſcovery.
Therefore in the year 1577. going off from hence,
and entring that ſea by the Straits of Magellan, thro'
the affiſtance of God, and his own conduct, tho' not
without great change of fortune, he, next to Ma-
gellanzs, Tail'd quite round the world, in two years
and ten months time. Whereupon a certain Au-
thor kas thus complemented him,
Drake, pererrati nowit quem terminus orbs,
Quemque ſemel mundi widit uterque polus :
Si taceant bomings, facient te [ydera notum,
Sol neſcit comitis immemor eſſe (us.
Drake, who in triumph round the world haſt gone,
Whom both the Lines and both the Poles have
known ;
Should envious men their juſt applauſe deny,
Thy worth wou'd be the ſubje@ of the sky :
Phacbus himſelf wou'd ſing thy deathlelſs praiſe,
And grace hjs Fellow-trav'ller with his rays.
But the reſt of his exploits, and thoſe of others
born here that have flouriſh'd in marine atchieve-
Clergy of England to have wives, who before that were
Mot orb bites. Some thought it a matter of great purity,
others of great danger ; le#t affetimg cleanneſs above their
ſhould ſink mto horrible uncleanneſs, to the
More inward, not far from the river P/;m, ſtands
Plimpton, a pretty populous market-town, where are
-with it from the Stannaries; ſees nothing on each
ſtill che reliques and deform'd ruins of a caſtle, of
which many held by renzre, or, as our Lawyers call ir,
in Caſtle garde. For this was the chief ſeat of the Red-
verſies Or Riparis ( for both are read) who were Ba-
rons of Plimton and Earls of Devonſhire *. Next to
this ſtood Plimpton S. Mary, which loſt it's glory not
long ſince, when the” College of Prebends there was
diſlolv'd, which William 1/arlewa}, Biſhop of Exeter,
had formerly built. More Eaſtward appears Mod-
bery, a {mall town which belongs to the famous and Mc,
ancient family of the Campernulpbs,who are alſo call'd *
De Campo Arnulphi, and by the vulgar Champernouns, Change.
Knights, who have had much honour by the heir of *%*
the Vautorts [ | ].
From the Plim's mouth, where the South ſhore of
this region begins, the Country goes on with a wide
and large front as far as * Stert, a promontory, as the Str,
word it ſelf ſignities in Saxon ; but afſoon as the !*''s
ſhore winds back again, the river Dert riſes, which
flowing from the inner part of che County by dirty
and mountainous places, thence called Der:more , Pernn,
where Load-ſtones have been lately found [ g 1, falls
then very ſteep and ſtrong, ( waſhing away with it
the ſands from the Stannaries, which by degrees
choak up its channel ) thro? the foreſt of Derrmore,
where David de Sciredun beld lands in Sciredun and Tea":
Sipleg h, for finding two arrows when our Lord the King
came to hunt m that "tan, and then it runs by Der-
tinton the Barony heretotore of the Martins ( who Dis
were I ords of Keims in IWales,) as tar as Totneſks, This Tas
ancient little town, ſituated from welt to eaſt upon
the ſide of a hill, was formerly of great note. Ir did
not $e's ( according to Domeſday ) bur when Exeter
gelded, and then it yielded 40 pence, and was to ſerve up-
on any expedition either by land or ſea. And Totenefs, Barne-
ftaple, and Lidford, ſeru'd as much at Exeter paid. King
John granted them the power of chuſing a Mayor for
their chief Magiſtrate ; and Edw. 1. endow'd it with
many Privileges ; and afterwards it was fortify'd with
a Caſtle by the Zouches, as the Inhabitants believe. It
was formerly the Eſtate of Fudeal ſirnam'd de Torenas,
afcerwards of William Briwer a very noble Gentle-
man, by one of whoſe daughters it came tothe Breo-
ſes, and from them by a ; 19wh likewiſe to George
de Cantelupo Lord of Abergeuenny, whoſe ſiſter Meli-
cent being marryd to Eudo de Iz Zouche , brought ir
to the Barons Zoxche, and there it continued, rill Fobr
Baron Zouche being baniſhd for ſiding with Richard 3.
Henry 7. = it, as I have heard, to Perer Edgecomb,
a man both wiſe and noble | h ]. Juſt by this town
ſtands Bery-Pomery, denominated fiom the Pomeries, Pon
one of the nobleſt families in theſe parts ; who ſome-
what more to the eaſtward had a very neat Caſtle, a
lietle farther off from the bank. They derive their
pedigree from' Radulph de Pomery, who in William the
Conqueror's time held ich, Dunwineſdon, Brawer-
dine, Pudeford, Horewoed, Toriland, Helecom, and this
Berie, &c. From Totnes, the neighbouring ſhore was
heretofore call'd Totoneſe : and the Britiſh Hiſtory
cells us, that Brutzs the founder of the Britiſh nation
arriv'd here; and Havillanus, as a Poer, following ':*
the ſame Authority, writes thus : TER
Inde dato curſu, Brutus comitatus Achate,
Gallorum ſpolis cumulat is nawvibus £quor
Exarat, & ſuperss auraque faventibus uſws,
Littora felices intrat Totoneſia ports.
From hence great Brute with his Achates ſteer'd,
Full fraught with Gallic ſpoils their ſhips appear'd ;
The winds and gods were all at their command,
And happy Torncs thew'd them grateful land.
The river Dert ( which I ſpoke of ) being paſt
Totneſi bridge, where it heaps up ſand brought along
ſide of it, but ferrile DR eill it draws at laſt fow-
ly to it's mouth; where, upon a long hill, ſtands
Dertmouth, which by reaſon of the commodiouſneſs
of the haven, defended by ewo Caſtles, is a town of
* Theſe were accounted Capur honors Comitatiis Devon. hav
lege of a Dcan and tour Prebendaries, that had been founded
ing $2 Knights-fees appendant, Afterwards, by marriage, the Caſtic, mannour, and
honour of Plumpron, together wich the Ear ldom of Devonthire and other large E'tares. paſs'd into the tamily of the Courrneys.
« by ſome of rhe S.x.50 Kings; bur becauſe they would oor part with the.r wives, 1hcy
# Here was a Col-
were difplac'd by Bifbep Wariewait, and a Priory of Canons-Regular erected here, Goodwin's Caral. of Biſhops. Dugdale's Monaſtic: |, kt is in
Saxon dfreare. R . k
In ſea-jurvices of all ſorts.
4.
l
2 hn old D:eds.
great
NS C0
1141s
2 e-Fic-
us, vu
tumily
ne Car
1 1- Yo
{uvQ
—_ a » ls
DEVONSHIR E 30
preat reſore for merchants and well-built ſhips. Ir | greateſt pare whereot is in Somerſerſhire; where ſome
a Mayor by the grant of King Edward 3. The | monuments of antiquity are ſtill ſeen ; namely, ſtones Ancient
IULULICSs
Zouches, Nicholas de Teukesbury, and the Brients, ac- | ſet in the form of a triangle in ſome places, in others
cording to the change ot times, were formerly own- | in the fora of a circle; and one among them is in-
ers of it ; and it hath ofter: ftourly reſiſted the French. | {&ribed with: Saxon. or rather Daniſh lecters, for di-
In the year 1404. Monſieur de Caſtell a Frenchman, | recting chole, as it ſeeras, that travell'd that road. Ex
who had ftopp'd the trade in theſe parts by his pira- | or Je flowing from hence firſt fourhward by Tw:-
Cics, and had burne Plonth, whillt he atcack'd this | fordton, fo call'd from the two fords, now at pre- Tivertan,
place, was ſet upon by the peaſants and the women, | lent * 7ewerzon, ro which the woollen trade brings
and cut off with his whole party. I muſt not here | both gain and glory | 1 ]; runs by pretty rich
forget to mention Stoke-Fleming, which is hard by; grounds, and is enlarg'd chiefly by ewo little rivers,
and taking ic's name from a nobleman of Flanders Creden from the weſt, and Col/umb from the ealt.
formerly Lord of ic, went by a daughter of Mobun Upon Creden, in the times of che ancient Saxon
to the Carews. | Church, there flouriſh'd a Bilhops-See in a town of
The ſhorc going back from hence, the ſea prefſes | the ſame name, Cridiantur, now contractedly Kirton,
in after it, and by that great in-let makes a bay of | where was born that ® Winifrid or Boniface, who con- Winifiid
about 12 miles in circuit, called at this day Torbay, | verted the Heſſians, Thuringers, and Friſians of Germa- we (Oba
which is a ſecure place tor ſhips when che ſouth-weſt | ny to the Chrittian Religion +. Now it is only re-. "TTL
wind blows [i |, and has a ſmall village firuare upon it | markable tor a thin market, and a houſe of the Bi-
of the ſame name, which was the ſear ot the Bruers | ſhops of Exeter { m |. But within the memory of
heretofore 3, who in Rich. 1. and K. John's time, | our fathers ic was much more noted for a College of
were men of great note ; but atterwards of the J/akes. | ewelve Prebendaries, who are now diſlolv'd. "The
Near this ſtands Cockington, where the family of the | river Co/umb which comes from the caſt, waſhes Co-
Carys, different from that of the Carews, have long | /umbton, a fmall town, that takes it's name from it,
flourith'd in great repute; from which the Barons of | which King Alired by his lat Will letc to his youn-
Hunſdon ( of whom in their proper place ) are de- | ger fon ; and ncar Po/rimore, the ſcat of the famous pyrimore,
ſcended *. A little higher ſtands Hacombe, where | and very ancient family of Bampfeld, it runs into the
tocmerly liv'd Jordan F:rz-Stephens Knight, denomi- | river 1c. And now the {{c is grown bigger ; but di-
nated trom this place de Hacembe, by whoſe daugh- | viding into many ſtreams very convenient for mills,
ter Ceer! it came to the family of the Archdeacons ; | it flows to the City Iſca, to which it leaves it's name.
irom which likewiſe, by Hugh Courteney, ir fell at | Hence * Alexander Necham ;
laſt ro the Carews, whole family is very famous in Fxonie "TW SWAIT"'Y
theſe parts, and very numerous. For Fane the daugh. | » preg? rote. ig. ras
ter of this Hugh and the heir to her mother, bein 008 2A" Ns
marry'd to Nicholas Baron Carew had many chikiren? $6 EINE 08g Rn Us PAESTITA
their eldeſt ſon Thomas proving ſomewhat undutiful | This city is call'd Is by Ptolemy, by Antoninus
to his mother, ſhe ſert!ed this tair inheritance upon | 1/cs Dunmeniorum for Danmonioram, by others falſly Ia Dan-
the three younger ſons ( from whom are deſcended Awuguſta, as it the ſecond Legion Auguſta had quar- mann gap
che three families of Carew's, de Hacombe, Anthony and | terd there : whereas that was garriton'd in the I{ca S-
Bery) and upon John Vere her fon by a ſecond huf- | lurum, as ſhall be faid hereatter. It was nam'd by the
band, from whom arc the Earls of Oxtord. | Saxons * Exan-ceafTep,and Monkeron from the monks ;
Hence we come to TezynBnouth, a ſmall village | now at this day it is called Exceſter, by the Latins
upon the mouth of the River Te:gne, from which alſo | Exonia, by the Welſh Caer-isk, Caer-uth and Pen-caer,
ic takes it's name; where the Danes who were ſent | that is, a chief city. For Caer (that I may once for Caer, whae
before to diſcover the ſituation ot Britain and the ; all note it) ſignifies a City, in Britiſh; hence they * Baths {1H
harbours, tirtt landed, about the year of Chriſt 800. | call Jeruſalem, Caer Salem ; Paris, Caer Paris ; Rome,
and having kill'd che governour of the place, took | Caer Ruffayne. So Carthage in the Punick tongue,
it for a preſage of future victory | k ] ; which after- | as Solinus reſtifies, was call'd Cartbeia, that is to lay,
wards they purſu'd with the greateft cruelty chro? | a new City. Among the Syrians likewiſe I have heard
the whole Iſland. More inward, near the rife of the | that Caer ſignify'd a city ; and ſceing it is rook for
Teizne, ſtands Chegford, where formerly floutiih'd che | granted, that the whole world has been peopld by
famous family ot the Pros: then * Chidley, which | them, it may ſeem very probable, that they alio letc
gives it's name to the large family of the Czidleys *; | their tongue to poſterity, as the morher of future lan-
and ncar to the mouth, Riſhops-Tergnton, fo call'd be- | guages. This city ( as Malmesbury fays) tho' the
cauſe ic belong d to the Biſhops ; where, upon the | ground about it be wet and filthy, and will ſcarce bear a
account of a fan&uary in it, John de Grandiſon a Bur- | crop of bad oats, and often yielding empty ears without
zundian, Biſhop of Exeter, as foreſeceing what might | gram in them; yer by reaſon of it's ſtatelmeſs, the richneſs
tappen in afcer-rimes, builr a very fine houſe, that | of :he citizens, and reſort of Strangers, all kina of mer-
his Juccei/ors (as the words ot his Will are) might have | chandiſe is ſo plentiful in it, that one need lack nothing
where to lay their heads, in caſe their temporalties were | there that is neceſſary. It ſtands on the ealt ſide or
at any time ſet2,/d into the King's hands. Ye: fo far was | the c, upon a hill of caſie and gentle riſe to the
this trom anſwering his deſign, that his ſucceſſors | eaſtward, and falling again to the welt ; encompalſsd
are now depriv'd both of this houſe, and well nigh | with a ditch and very ſtrong walls, having many
all che rei. towers between them. The town is a mile and half
Six miles from hence the River Ia, mention'd by | in circuit, with ſuburbs ſhooting out here and there
Prolemy, which che Briciſh call Jc, the Saxons Ex, | for a long way : It contains? x5 Pariſh-Churches,
Hows from a very large mouth into the Ocean. Whe- | and in the higheſt part near the Eaſt-gate,has a caltle
ther or no ic took this name from I{caw, which figni- | calld Rugemount, formerly the ſeat of the Welt-Saxon
ties in Britiſh Elders, I cannot tell, Some derive it | Kings, atterward of the Earls of Cornwall ; which
from reeds, which the Britains call Hesk, and with | now has nothing to recommend it, bur its antiquity
which the northern nations ( as the Britains )| and fituation!. For it commands the city under-
thatch'd their houtes, and faſten'd the joynts of their | neath ic, and the country on all ſides ; and has a-ve-
ſhips. Bur fecing reeds are not found here, I cannor | ry pleaſant proſpect ro the ſea. In the eaſt part of
agiee to it. The head of this river lies in Exmore, | the city ſtands the Cathedral, in the midit of fine
a fihy barren ground near the Severn-ſea ; the houſes quite round, built by King Athelſtan ( as the
_
—_—
——
—— —
; From the ſane are deſcend. d the noble families of the Earls of Dover and Monmouth. =; The right name is Chidl:igh. & It yields a title
of honour to i}ie noble family uf the Clifords, Sir Themes Clifford, L21d High Treaſurer of England, being created Baron of this place by K Ch. 2.
{ Thi: Caitic 43d mannour, by match with one of the co-heirs of the Courtneys, Came to the Zrelawnies. "= H: was Archbiſhop of Mentz, and h:4
the Tic of Logare of the Apoltolica] Sce under ſeveral Popes; was mantyr'd by the Pagans An. 354. and his day in the Roman Calendar is the 5th
of func. * He was once Prior ot S. Nichclas in this Ciry. » And Eaxan-ceaſter. # Thurtcen of thele Churches were in Oliver's rime expos'd
to publick fale oy the Common-cryer. 1 It is ſuppos'd to have been the work of the Romans; and as a place ot great moment, it has been cum-
nitcd trom time to time to perſuns uf the belt
3 Who buil; here a R:ligines lauſe. * And for that was accounted the Apof le f Grrme'!p, and Canmiz'd 4 $ains.
private
EE "WF, 1 6 a
224.
S. Peter, and till'd with Monks: at laſt the Monks
being remov'd to Weſtminſter, Edward 3. grac'd it
with the dignity of being an Epiſcopal See, having
transferr'd the Biſhopricks of Cormwall and Kirton hi-
ther ; and made Leofric the Britain firſt Biſhop of it:
whole ſucceſſors have improv'd the Church both by
buildings and revenues { n |. And Wilkam Bruer,
the ninth Biſhop after him, in lieu of che diſplac'd
private hiſtory of this place witneſſes) in honour to | rhov'd, tho' it is commanded by Act of Parlia-
ment {o |. From theſe, a {mall village hard by is calld
Weare, but formerly Heneatcn, which belong'd kere- War
tofore to Auſtin de Baa, from whom by right of in-
hericance it came to Fohn Holand, who in a ſeal that ch,
I have ſeen, bore a [ion rampant gardant among flower
de Iuces. The government of this City is adminulter'd
by 24. of whom * one yearly is choſen Mayor, who
with four Baylifts manages all publick atfairs. As
for the poſition, the old Oxtord-Tables have detin'd
Monks, brought in a Dean and twenty four Preben- | |
daries. In that age, flouriſh'd Foſephus 1/canus, who | it's longitude to be 19 degrees, 11 minutes. It's la-
owes his birth and nameto this place ; a Poet of very | titude 5o degrees, 40 minutes. ;
lively wit, whoſe pieces were fo highly approv'd of, | This City (that I may not omit it) has had it's Dil
chat they mer with as much applauſe even as the an- | Dukes. For Richard 2. King of England of chat ©
cients. For his of the Trojan war has been | name, made Fobn Holand Earl of Huntingdon and
ewice publiſh'd in Germany under the title of Cor- | his brother by the mother's ſide, firſt Duke of Exe-
nelius Nepos. ter. Henry 4. depriv'd him of this honour, and
When Iſcaifirſt fell under the Roman Juriſdi&ion, | lefr him only the title of Earl of Huntingdon;
does not plainly appear ; I am fo far from thinking | which, being beheaded ſoon after ©, he loſt rogether
it conquer'd by YVeſpaſian, as Geoffery of Monmouth | with his life. Some few years after, Henry 5. ſupply'd
allerts, when ihe, 5 Claudius the Emperour, Sue- | this Dukedom with Thomas Beaufort Earl of Dorſet,
tonius tells us he was firſt ſhown to the world ; that | deſcended from the houſe of Lancaſter, an accom-
I ſhould think it was hardly then buile. Yer in the pliſh'd Souldier. He dying without iſſue, John Ho-
time of the Antonines-it was probably very famous; | /and, the fon of that John already mention'd, ( as
for Antoninus continues his Itinerary in theſe parts to | heir to Richard his brother that dy'd withour iſſue,
this City and no farther. It tell not abſolutely un- and to his father,) was reſtor'd to all again, having
der the dominion of the Saxons before the year af: | his Father's honours beſtow'd upon hin: by the boun-
ter their coming into Britain 465. For then, Athel- | ty of Henry 6. and left the fame to iis fon Henry,
who, whilit the Lancaſtrians ſtood, flourill'd'in great
konour; but after,when the houſe of York carne to the
Crown, his example might well ſh:w us how unfate
it is to rely upon the ſmiles of fortune. For this was
that Henry Duke of Exeter, who, notwithſtanding his
marriage with the ſiſter of Edward 4. was reduc'd
to ſuch miſery, that he was ſeen to beg his bread Pii
ragg'd and bare-footed in the Low-countries. And 5,"
at laſt, after Barner-fight, where he behav'd himſelf
ſtoutly againſt Edward 4. he never was ſeen more,
till his body was caſt upon the ſhore of Kent, as it
he had been ſhipwrack'd. Long after this, Exeter
had it's Marqueſs, namely Henry Courtny , deſcended
from Catherine the Barghter of Edward 4. rais'd
to that honour by Henry 8 7. But to this Marqueſs,
as well as to the firſt Duke, a great fortune did bur
raiſe great ſtorms 5 which as preſently ſunk him, en-
deavouring a change of Government. For among
other things, becauſe with mony and counſel he had
alliſted Reginald Poole ( that was afterwards Cardinal,
and had let England to intriegue with the Emperor
and the Pope, againſt his King and Country, who
had then withdrawn from the Romiſh Communion )
he was arraign'd, found guilty, and beheaded with
ſome others. But now by the bounty of K. Fames,
Thomas Cecil Lord Burghley enjoys the title of Earl of Fav
Exeter, a man truly good, and the worthy fon of a —_
moſt excellent father, being the eldeſt ſon of William **
Cecil, Baron Burghley, Lord Treaſurer of England,
whoſe wiſdom has long ſupported the peace of this
Kingdom | nn }.
From hence to the very mouth, there is nothing
of antiquity beſides Exminſter, formerly Exanminſter, Exait
bequeathd by King Altred to his younger ſon: and
Pouderham, a caltle built by Iſabel de Ripariis, now P=*
for a long time the ſeat of a very noble tamily, the "
Courtnies, Knights ; who being deſcended from the
Earls of Devonfhire, and related to the beſt fami-
lies, areto this day flouriſhing, and moſt worthy of
ſuch noble anceſtors *, Upon the very mouth on
the other ſide, (as the name it ſelf witneſſes) ſtands
Exanmouth, known for nothing but it's bare name, tm:
and the fiſher-hucrs there.
More eaſtward Orterey, that is, a river of otters Ot"
or water-dogs, (which we call Otters,) as the name it
ſelf implies, runs into the ſea ; it paſſes by Honniton, How
Ioſephns
licanus.
Cornelius
Nepos.
W:l.Maim.
ſtan forc'd the Britains, who before that liv'd in the
city in equal power with the Saxons, out of it,
drove them beyond Tamar, and encompaſs'd the
city with a ditch, a wall of ſquare ſtone, and bul-
warks : ſince that time, our Kings have granted -it
many privileges, and among the reſt ( as we read it
in the Book of William the Conqueror ) This =
did not geld but when Lendon, York, and Wincheſter did ;
that was half a mark of ſilver for a Knight's fee. And
in caſe of an x ger by land or ſea, it ſerv'd after the
rate of frve hides. It hath alſo from time to time un-
dergone much miſery ; once fpoil'd by an out-rage
of the Danes in the year of our redemption 875, but
moſt diſmally by S«e»0 the Dane, in the year 1003,
being betray'd by one Hugh a Norman the gover-
nour of the city ; when it was laid level from the
eaſt to the weſt-gate : and had ſcarce begun to re-
cruit, till William the Conqueror laid cloſe ſiege
eo it ; at which time the Citizens not only ſhut up
their gates againſt him, but galld him with many
bitter refle&tions ; however a part of tkeir wall hap-
pening to fall down, ( which the Hiſtorians of that
age attribute to the hands of Providence) a furren-
der ſoon follow'd ; at this time ( as it is in the faid
Survey-book ) the King had in thu city 300 bouſes : it
paid 15 pownds a year. Eight and forty houſes were
deſiroy'd after the King came mio England. Affeer this
it was preſs'd by three lieges, yet eaſily eſcap'd them
all. Firſt by Hugh Courtney Earl of Devonſhire in
the civil war berween the houſes of York and Lan-
caſter: again, by ” Perkin Warbeck a ſham and coun-
rei feit prince, who being a young man, and of mean
deſcent, by pretending to be Richard Duke of York,
the ſecond fon of K. Edward 4. rais'd a very dange-
rous war ' : thirdly, by theſeditious Corniſh, in the
year 1549. when the citizens, tho' under a moſt fad
want of all forts of provitions, continu'd loyal, till
John Baron Ruſſel rais'd the liege /.
Bur Exerer has not ſuffer'd ſo much by theſe ene-
nues, as by certain heaps (ear: as they call them )
' which Edward Courtney Earl of Devonſhire, in an
out-fall with the citizens, threw into the chanel of
the river Je; which hinders ſhips from coming to
the town, ſo that all merchandize is brought thi-
ther by land from Topeſham ; a little village three
miles from the city. Nor are theſe heaps re-
_ © After iFarbeck was vanquiſh'd, the King gave great commendarions to the citizens; and beſtow'd upon them the ſword be then wore, to be
born bero1e the Mayor ; and allo a cap of maintenance. For this deliverance, the 6th of Auguſt was appointed ro be, and is till annually
oblerv'd as a day of thankſgiving, and commonly call'd Jeſuz-day. K. Edw. 6. as a reward of their loyalty, gave them the rich mannour of Ex-
Witand. = His name was Hugh Courtney ; and the true cauſe probably was to improve his own mannour of Topeſhamm. ro which one of the Hug hs
= o_ Oy { periiaps the ſame) procur'd a weekly market, and a yearly fair. « This Ciry was incorporated by K. John, and made a County
| eary 8,
, Againſt Henry the Seventh, 6 For conſp;racy againf! the King. 7 And defign'd heir-apparent. 8 Under Pouderham, Ken a pret)
brook enters into Ex, which riſeth near Holcombe, where in a park x5 a fair place built by Sir Thomas Denis, whoſe family fercherh their firſt eq-
ipring are iuruame from the Dances, and were ar:ciently writien Le Dan Denis, by #hith name the Corniſh cali'd the Danes, 1
we
—_—___
DEVONSHIRE
-
-
num
im
* Hercules's Promontery.
> tOave
well known to ſuch as travel theſe parts *{ p ]; and
gives it's name to ſome places. Ot which the moſt
remarkable above Horniton is Mohuns-ottery, which
belong'd formerly to the Mobuns, from whom it
came by marriage to the Carews ; below Honniton
(near Holdcombe, where lives the family of Le Dens,
Knights, who take their original and name from the
Danes) S. Mary's Ottery, 1o call'd from the * College
of S. Maries, which John de Grandiſon Biſhop'of Ex-
eter founded, who had got the wealth of all the
Clergy in his Dioceſe,into his own hands. For he had
perſuaded them to leave him all they had when they
dy'd, as intending to lay it all out in charitable uſes,
in endowing Churches, and building Hoſpitals and
Colleges ; which they ſay he perform'd very: pi-
ouſly.
— t4 the mouth of this Ortzery, the ſhore goes on
with many windings, to the eaſtward by Budh [ q],
Sidmouth[r], and Seaton|[ { |, formerly fine havens,
but now fo choak'd with ſand heap'd before the
mouth of them, by the flux and reflux of the ſea,
that this benefit is almoſt quite loſt. Now that this
Seaton is that Moridunum in Antoninus which is ſeated
berween Durnovaria and Ita (if the book be nor
faulty,) and is _ calld Ridunum in the Peute-
gerian Table ; I ſhould conjeRure, both from it's di-
{tance and the ſignification of the name. For Ae-
ridunum is the ſame in Britiſh, that Seaton is in Eng-
liſh, namely, a town «pon 4 hill by the ſea. Near this
\ ſtands Wiſcombe, memorable upon the account of
William Baron Bonevill who liv'd there ; whoſe heir
Cecil brought by marriage the titles of Lord Bonevil/
wm and Harrington With a brave eſtate in thoſe parts, to
wU) Thomas Grey Marqueſs of Dorſer.
Under theſe the river Ax empties it ſelf from a
very ſmall chanel * [t ], after it has waſh'd Ax-
anminſter, a town famous only in ancient hiſtories
for the tombs of thoſe Saxon princes who were lain
in the bloody battle at Brunabwurg, and brought hi-
ther : it ſtands on the very edge of this County. Un-
der this place Regimald Mohun of Dunſter, to whom
the mannour of Axminſter came hereditarily by the
fourth daughter of William de Briewr, buile the Ab-
bey of Newenbam, in the year 1246. From hence
the Eaſtern bounds run crookedly by lefs noted vil-
lages to the Severn-ſea ; which we will now trace.
The firſt ſhore from Cornwall, which for a long
way lies upon the Severn-ſea, is calld by Ptolemy
It keeps ſomething of that
name in what we call it at this day, Hertypoint ; and
hath in ic theſe ſmall towns Herton, and Hertlond, for-
merly famous for the reliques of Ne#an a holy man,
to whoſz honour a ſmall monaſtery was here built by
x Githa, Earl Godwin's wife, who particularly eſteem'd
Ne#an, upon a conceit that her husband had eſcap'd
ſhipwrack by virtue of his merits [u]. Yet after-
wards the Dinants, alſo call'd Dinbams, who came
originally from Bricaine in Armorica, and held this
place, were counted the Founders 3 from whom
deſcended Baron Dinham, High Treaſurer of Eng-
land in Henry the 7th's time, by whoſe ſiſters and
heirs this inheritance was dividzd between Zouche,
Fitz-warrin, Carew, and Arundel.
" The name of this Promontory has given credit
| formal ſtory, that Hercules forlooth came
Into Britain, and kill'd I know not what Giants.
Whether that be true, which ſome Mythologiſts af-
firm, that there was no ſuch man as Hereules, but that
It 15 a meer fiction to denote the ſtrength of humane
prudence, whereby we ſubdue our pride, luſt, envy,
and ſuch like monſters ; or by Hercules be meant the
Sun, according to the Gentile divinity, and thoſe
twelve labours undergone by Hercules be an emblem
only of the Zodiack and it's twelve ſigns, which the
IN runs thro? yearly ; as to theſe, let them that have j
£* pre} -
aſſerted them look to the truth of them. For my
part, I willingly believe there was a Hercutes,” hay
that there were 43 of them,as Varro does; ail whole
ations were afcrib'd ro that one, the fon of Ale
mena. Yet I cannot imagine that ever Hercules came
here, unleſs he was waſted over in that cup which
Nereus gave him, whereof Athenzus makes mention.
Bur you'l objeRt, that Franciſcus Philelphay in his Ppl-
ſtles, and Lilhus Giral/dus in his Hercules, affirm
very thing. With ſubmiſſion, theſe later writers
may move me, but thy will not convince me, when
Diodorus Siculus, who has writ the hiſtory of Greece
from the firſt known ages of it, expreſly tells us,
that neither Hercules nor Bacchus ever went into Bri-
tam. And therefore I take it for granted that the
name of Hercules was given to this place, either by
ſome Greeks out of vanicy, or ſome Britains upon a
Religious account. Thel: being a warlike. nation,
had brave men in great admiration; and thoſe'inithe
firſt place that deftroy'd monſters : the Greeks bn
the other ſide, dedicated every thing they found an'
where magnificent to the glory of Floreute ; and ba.
cauſe he was a great traveller,they who travel'd were
wont to offer him ſacrifices, and conſecrate the places
where they arriv'd, to him. Thus comes Hercules s
Rock in Campania, Hereales's Haven in Liguria, Her-
cules's Grove in Germany, and Hercules's Promontories
in Mauritania, Galatia, and Britain. |
As the ſhore goes back from this Promontory of
Hercules, ewo rivers, the Towridge and Taw, whic
are the only rivers in this north-part of the County,
fall from one mouth into the ſea. The Towridge ri-
ſing not far from the Promontory of Hereales already
mention'd, runs towards the eaſt ; and receiving the
Ocke, which has given name to Ockbampron a little
market-rown, where Baldwin the Viſcount had his Po»meſday
caſtle in William the ueror's time **, as it a
pears from Domeſday ou ; it turns it's courſe ſad-
denly towards the north by Tourington, to which ir Tourington
gives that name, ſeated on the fide of a hill, and 1y-
ing along for a good way upon it [ x ] ; and Beal Badiford.
ford pretty famous for reſort of people, and for an
arch'd ſtone bridge [ y ]; and then it preſently joins
the Taw, which riſing in the very heart of che Coun-
ty, is firſt carry'd by Chimligh, a litcle market town Chimligh.
not far from Chertelhampt
ry'd. From thence flowing by Tawton
on, a little village, where Chertel-
Hierytha, kalendar'd among the She-ſaints, was bu- hampton.
where þ on
Werſtan and Patra firſt Biſhops of Devonſhire had ſhops of
their See about the year 906; and Tawſtoke which Ecccr. ,|
ſtands over againſt it, now the {cat of the moſt
honourable the Earl of Bath, ic ruſhes on to Ber- B-ritaple.
ſtable. This is look'd upon as an ancient town, and
for neatnefs and populouſnefs eaſily ſurpaſſes any
town upon this coaſt ; ſituated berween hills in the
form of « ſemicircle upon the river, which makes,
as it were, thediameter to it. This river every new
and full moon upon a ſpring-tide overflows the
helds to that degree, that the town it felf ſeems a
Peninſula : but then, as the Poet ſays, when the ſez
withdraws into it ſelf again, 'tis fo ſmall, that it can
hardly ſupport little veſſels, being dilated in an un-
even courſe among the ſand. On the fourth there is
a ſtately bridge buile by one Stamford a citizen of
London ; on the north, near the confluence of the
little river North-Ewe, are ſeen the remains of a ca-
ftle, which commonly is ſaid to be buile by King
Athelſtan, but ſome aſcribe ir to Fudael de Torenas.
For the defence of it, fome lands hereabouts are
held in Caſtle-gard. It had formerly walls quice round,
whereof there is hardly the leaſt ſign now extanc.
This Pme de Totenais had it given him upon tee
nure by King William 1. and after that the Trecies
held ic a conſiderable time ; next to them the Afar.
tins, and after in the reign of Richard a. it cams to
» I: was ſuppreſs'd by a Parliament held at Leiceſter in the reign of Henry x.
11 war given by Iſabel, heir to the Earls of D: vonſhire
Whery A
> a——_ 4 GE I ——- "2. 4 —_— as 4 w_
* Sammes Britannia, pag. 56,
Fob
D ANMONI I
NW” CC ET
__ _——— — ————— —_—
fobn Holland Earl of Huntingdon, who was afterwards
uke of Exeter ; and laſt of all to the Crown. Bur |
Queen ye this mannour ( as our Lawyers call
it) to "ag lia whoſe fon fold it. In the
reign of William 1. ( as ic is in Domeſday,) ir had
fot Hogelſ's within the Burg, and nine without. Hen-
1, endow'd it with many privileges, and K. John
with more. For a long time, it was govern'd by a
Mayor and two Bailifts ; but hs Mary granted
it a Mayor, two Aldermen, and a Common:Coun-
cil of four and twenty. The inhabitants, for the
moſt part; are merchants, who drive a conſiderable
trade with France and Spain. Nor muſt I forget to
take notice of two very learned men and moſt fa-
fob. ſewell. mous Divines bred in this School, Fobn Fewel Biſhop
Th. Har- of Salisbury, and Thomas Harding Profeſſor in Lo-
ding. yain; who have very hotly, and very nicely writ
and engag'd one another in points of Religion.
- From hence the Taw palling by Ralegh, which
formerly belonged to it's noble lords ot the ſame
name, but now to the famous family ſirnam'd de Chi-
chefter, and after that enlarg'd by the river Towridge,
Kenuith, uns into the Severn ſea ; but finds not Kinuirh caſtle,
mention'd by Aſſerius. Yet there was upon this
coaſt a caſtle of that name, and fo ſituated, that there
was no approaching it on any fide but the eaſt : here
in the year 879 Hubba the Dane, who had haraſs'd the
Engliſh, and cut off many of them, was himſelf cut
off, The place trom thenceforward was call'd Hub-
befow by our Hiſtorians. At the ſame time the Da-
niſh ſtandard, call'd Reafan, was took by the Engliſh.
Which I the rather obſerve, becauſe from a ſtory in
Aſſerins Menevenſis, who has writ theſe tranſactions,
it may be gather'd, that the Danes us'd a crow for
their ſtandard, which is ſaid to have been wrought
in needle-work in their Enſign by the daughters of
Lothbroc the Dane, portending them invincible, as
they imagin'd.
here is nothing henceforward to be ſeen on this
North ſhore, beſides Ifarcombe, which is a pretty
ſafe harbour for ſhips [2]; and Combmerton joyning
to it, under which ſome old lead-mines, not without
| Combe, Veins of ſilver, have been open'd lately. Now Combe,
what it fig- that I may once for all obſerve it, which is common-
+——1=—BP ly added to the names of places in theſe parts, ſignifies
a low ſituation, or a wale, and perhaps may come
from the Britiſh word Kum, which has the ſame
meaning, and the French retain it in the ſame ſenſe
to this day *: | aa |}.
More to the ſouth-eaſt from hence, and next to
Bampron, Somerſerſhire , ſtands Bampron, formerly Baentun,
which in William the Conqueror's time fell to Walter
de Doway or Duacenſis, with very large eſtates in
other parts z of whoſe poſterity, Fuliana an heireſs
Paganell or marry'd to William Paganell, commonly Paynef, had
Pancll. flue Fulco de Bampton; he had a fon William, and
Chriſtiana, the wife of Cogan an Iriſhman, whoſe po.
ſterity came to the eſtate, the heir of William dying
without iſſue. From the Cogans it went hereditarily
to the Bourchiers now Earls ot Bath, by Hancford and
the Fitz-warins | bb ].
_ Inthe beginning of the Norman Government (not
to mention Hugh the Norman, whom Queen Emma
had formerly made Ruler of this County ) King
William 1, made one Baldwin hereditary Viſcount
of Devonſhire, and Baron of Okebampron, who was
ſucceeded in this honour of Viſcount by his fon
Richard, who dy'd without iſſue male. K. Henry 1.
afterwards conferr'd' upon Richard de Redveriis, firſt T;
Earls of De-
yonſhire.
verton, and after that the honour of Plimpton, with other
places appertaining to it, and then made bim Earl of De-
ing to the King, did not at the utmoit exceed 40 marks ;
out of which the ſaid Earl was to deduit ten yearl)
for his oayn ſhare. After theſe he obtait'd the Ile of Wig
Fi the ſaid King, and thence was [tid Earl of Devon-
ire and Lord of the Iſle. He had a fon Baldwin,
who for ſiding with Mawd the Empreſs againſt Ste-
phen, was baniſh'd. Yet Richard, the fan, recover'd
his Father's honour, who left two ſons, Baldwin and
Richard, in their turns Earls of Devonſhire, but dy'd
without iſſue. And then this honour fell to their
Uncle William, ſirnam'd de Vernon '*, He had a fon
Baldwin, who dy'd in che life-time of his father, ha-
ving firſt, by Margaret the daughter of Guarin Fitz.
Geroid, had Baldwin, the third of that name Earl of
Devonſhire. He had two children, Baldwin, the laſt
Earl of this family, who dy'd without iſſue, ( and
chang'd the Gryphon clenching a little beat, which his
anceitors usd in their ſeal, into a /cutcbeon or, a lion
rampant azure) and Iſabel, who was marrizd to Jl.
liam de Fortibxs Earl of Albemarle, and had a ſon
Thomas who dy'd young, and Avell;ina, who was mar-
ryd to-Edmund Earl of Lancaſter, whom fhe very
much enrich'd. But ſhe foon dying wichour iflue,
Hugh Courtney deſcended ( as they write ) from the
Royal line of France, and related to the former Earls,
was by K. Edw. 3. by his letters only, without any
other ceremony, created Earl of Devonſhire *4 ; For (©;
he commanded him to ule that title '5, He was ſuc- 5
ceeded by his ſon Hugb ; ater him Edward, his grand- *
child by his fon Edward, enjoy'd it ; and dying, left
it to his ſon Hugh. He likewiſe to a ſon Thomas, who
dy'din the 36 of K. Hen. 6. This Thomas had three
ſons, Thomas, Henry, and Fobn, whoſe fortune, du-
ring the bloody wars between the houſes of York and
Lancaſter, was much diminiſh'd, they till reſolutely
adhering to the Lancaſtrians. Thomas *© was beheaded
atYork ; and Herry his brother, who ſucceeded, under-
went the ſame puniſhment 7 years after at Salxbury.
And altho' K. Edw. 4. created '7 Humfrey Stafford Lord 5
Stafford of Suthwick, Earl of Devonſhire, '* who dy'd
that fame year; yet John Courtney, the youngeſt
brother, would never part with this Title, till he loſt
his life in Tewkesbury-hght. From henceforward this
family lay extinct, in a manner, for a long time; yet
under Hen. 7. it re-flouriih'd ; who reſtord Edward
Courtney, the next heir male, to the honours of his
Anceſtors. He had a fon William Earl of Devon-
ſhire, who marry'd Catharine the daughter of Edw. 4. .
by whom he had Henry Earl of Devonſhire, who
was alſo Marqueſs of Exeter, and beheaded in Hen. 8.5
time. His fon Edward being reſtor'd to all again by
Queen Mary, a noble young gentleman of great
hopes, dy'd in his greener years at Padua in Iraly :
for, to uſe the words of Quadrigarius, The beft men
are ſtill the ſhorteſt liv'd. In the 46. year after his
death, Charles Blunt Lord Mont;oye, Vice-Roy of Ire-
land '? ( a man not only of ancient and noble ex-
tract, but famous for his conduct and learning,) for
having recover Ireland, and reduc'd it to its for-
mer ſtate, by driving out the Spaniard, and cither
defeating the rebels, or forcing them to ſubmit, was
by King Fames created Earl of Devonſhire, advanc'd
to many other honours, and by the bounty of the
King raisd to great riches: but envious death ſoon
interrupted his enjoyment of this wealth and honor ”.
nod —_—__
12 From the ancient Gallick Language, the ſame with old Britiſh.
to the ſaid Iſabel. *s And by :
firſt of this family that came into England, brought hither
Okehampton, for that he procur'd the marriage between t
Fo the houſe of Courtney before it was match'd in the R
of France, dowb:eth, I may ſay ſomewhat in another place. Hol. Our
as being lineally deſcer
13 Becauſe he was born there.
a precept to the High-Sheriff of the Shire, commanded he
K. H the ſecond, and by him advanc d with the marriage of the beir of the Bari"
s faid King, and Elemor
blood of France, or after, which our Monks a
iſtorians rell us, that the branch of that family which ſeated it ſelf here, ws
deriv'd from the Royal houſe of France. But however that matter be, there is one branch
cended from Lew1ts le Grofſe King of France. Another branch came to be Empero
1+ And link'd as Couſin, and nex! hers
ſhould be ſo acknowledg'd. Reginald Courtney was '*!
eir of Poitiou and tain. But whether he was branc#'s
, but du Tiller Keeper of the Recs
{till in France known by the title of Princes of Court:7s!,
rs of Conſtantinople, and enjoyed that D-zoity
for three or four deſcents. Another ſeated it {elf in the Eaft, where Focelin de Courtney, famous in the Holy Wars, was made Count of E4:/+
"6 Taken at Towton-field. 17 Sir.
hended, and without oe executed at Bridgwater.
Dromſhire. % hich
F3
5 Who within three months revoltin /
is Which title he affetied, as deſcended from a Couſin and hcir of Hurfrey Stafford £4: 1
he emjoy'd as few years as his predeceſſor Humfrey Stafford did 1wunth;.
There are in this County 394 Pariſfes.
om King Edward, bis adtvancer, moſt inzratefy!ly, was a79't
ADDITION)
vonſbire, granting bim the third penny of all the revenues F.rd 11,
of that County. Now the revenues of that County belong **its
Ln
DEVONSHIRE
wo
[a by K. Edw. 3. and other Kings, with a refervation of
Georg, Culture very agreeable to * Virgil's rule,
creaſes conſiderably in breadth ; Dewon-
frire, the'very nexr County to that narrow
A bory of Cornwall, being 54 miles broad ;
and 6r Tong, ' Ir has in jt abundance of rivers, more
rhaps -thart any other County in England, and |
' cauſes of it's de
bridges'to the number of 166, according to the ge-
neral- computation. +
Thar the Romans were in poſſeſſion of this Coun: |
ty, appears from the Foſſe-way crofling ir, and from |
Roman Coyns digge np in ſeveral places; * As a gold
X and another of Theodofjus :
at a place near Barnffaple ; ſeveral ſilver coyns alſo, |
coyn of Nero in Exeter,
as of Severus and other Emperors ; and of braff a
great many.
The Weſt-Saxons made it for ſome time the ſeat
of their Kingdom ; and after their removal thence,
committed it to the cuſtody of the Earls, which were
at that time Officiary. |
The Danes mightily infeſted it, and left behind
chem, on ſeveral high hills, a rude kind of forritica-
tion, commonly call'd Danes-caftle.
[ a ] Our Author obſerves, that 'tis much enrich'd
with Tinn-mines; and- ie has certainly in former
ages been very conſiderable for them. An evidence
whereof, are the four Stannaries or Juriſditions, with
as many Stannary-Courts and towns of Coynape,
viz. Plympton, Taviftoke , Aſhburton, and Chagford.
By theſe are choſen from time to time, at the dire-
&ion of the Lord-Warden, certain Jurates to meet
in a general Seffion of Parliament at Crvetern-Torr,
a high hill in the mid{t of Dartmore, "This Parlia-
ment has power to make Laws touching the ſtate of
the Mines and Stannaries, 'a volume whereof was
printed in Q. Elizabeth's time, the Eart of Bedford
then Lord-Warden. -Now fuch regular Courts and
Proceedings give us an eſtimate of what great quanti-
ties of tinn muſt have been formerly digg'd'up here,
the regulation whereof ſhonld require ſo much folem-
nity. Beſides, it expreſly appears (as was obſerv'd
in Cornwall) that in K: John's time, Devonſhire pro-
duc'd greater ftore of tinn, than that County ; the
Coynage of this being ſer ro farm for 1001. yearly;
and that only for 100 marks. Bur now Cornwall has
almoſt the whole trade; and cho' they ſtill work in
ſome parts of this County, it amounts to nothing con-
ſiderable.
There were formerly in Devonſhire, mines alſo of
gold and ſilver, | as appears from ſeveral Grants made
the Tenths to the Church.
Iron-mines have been diſcover'd too, but for want
of fuel, and for ſome other reaſons, they are not yer
wrought to perfeftion. Mineral Chalybiate waters
are at Cleave, Taviſtoke, Lamerton, Lifton, and other
places in this County.
The Devonſhire T inners are not under the Lord-
Lieutenant of the County, but form a ſeparate Mili-
tia by chemlſelves. =_—
[ bÞ The dearnefs of the ſand (mention'd by
Mr. Camden ) by which they improve their ground,
has, I ſuppoſe, in ſome places put them under a ne-
ceflity of uſmg marle, kme, and the turf of the ground
skinn'd off, and burhe to aſhes; a merhod of Apri-
Sepe etiam ſterlles, Kc,
With crackling flames to burn the barren earth,
Has oft produc'd an advantageous birth ;
Whether an higher nucriment it get,
And ſecret vigour from the genial heat :
Or *cauſe the noxious being purg'd by fire,
The uſeleſs juices in moiſt fumes perſpire :
Or that the hear relax the ſtubborn maſs,
And find new ways for nouriſhment to paſs,
And feed the tender plants : or make
It hard, fo that it no impreflion take
From the fofe Courtſhip of deſzending ſhowers,
O: from the ſun's, or wind's more ative powers.
ADDITIONS to D EVONSHIRE
S England draweth nearer the Eaſt, it &ti: | [ſc] To go along now with our Author, '. Eidford, Lidiord.
he tells vs, was formerly a famous town. We tind
it had in the Conqueror's cime'140 Burgeſfes; and
oy
to argue of 'whar importance it was,” the"cultody* of
che-caltle' here 'was Commirted from time'ts time to
perſons of the'preareſt quality.” Whatever: were the
dey Y, the Mayoralty of ic ts now Toft ;
and: whereas i ſent Burgeffes to Parliament, 'it' was
diſcharg'd from that obligation proprer paupertatern, i.e.
in conſideration of it's poyerty. * * i tn
' From Lidford, two or three h
Brem Torr, 4 name fi _ high rocky place. On
che top of this hiph hill is a Pariſh-Church 8dicated
to S: Michael, a famous ſea-mark. And hard by,thers
is a village'nam'd the Gubbins, the inhabiting Where- The G4b-
of are by miſtake repreſenred by Fuller” in liis:Epp 1; bins
Werbi as : laWlek thian Bre of tte 7e'
the ſchool-in which the Saxon tongue was raught, . is
{till in being; and ( as I have heard ) there was alſo
m the beginning of the late Civil wars, a Saxon-
Grammar printed, in Tavifoke. Upon the ſame de-
fign, to preſerve that ancient Language, , and to
promote «the Antiquities of our own kingdom ,
Sir Henry Spelman tounded a Saxon-LeQure in Cam-
bridge, which is now come to nothing. And a very
learned perſon ſtill living, had done the fame in Ox-
ford for the Northern Languages in general, but thac
a ſudden _ of Afffairs prevented him.
This place has been lately Hononr'd by giving the
title of Marqueſs to the Righr Honors e William
Earl of Bedford, now created Duke of Bedford.
This town has given ſeveral great Lawyers to the
State ; as, Sir fohn Glanvill a Judpe,' Serjeaht Glanuw:l!
his ſon, and Sir Fob» Maynard, who was lately one
of the Commiſlioners of the Grear Seal of England.
Two miles from hence is Lamirron-pariJh,, in the Lamerton.
Church whereof is an ancient monument bf the 7re-
maines, where may be ſeen the effigies of Nicholas d
Tremaine, twins, alike if all lintamenss, fut-
fer'd like pain cho' at a diſtance, deſi to ſteep,
walk, cat, and drink together, and were'flain
ther at New-haven in France, Art. r663. *
Nearer to the ſea, is Beare-Fer#8, f
rope:
County. In this pariſh there were Silver-mines in
the reign of K. Hen. 6. which were lately te:enterd
by Sir Fobn Maynard, but have fince been diſcon-
tinn'd.
' [© } From hence the river carties us down to P/;- Plimouth.
mouth, mention'd by our Author as a town lately ri-
ſen, and a haven well fortify'd. We may add, that
it had anciencly bur one Church, till the 16 of Ch. r.
when a new one was erected, and conſecrated in the
time of Ch. 2. Here is alſo a Royal Citradel builr
by that King, conſiſting of five regular Baſtions and
165 guns. The guns of the other fortifications added
totheſe, make up in all 253. There are two Docks,
begun in 1691, and finiſh'd in 1693.
As Sir Francs Drake was born here, fo both he
and Mr. Candiſh began their voyage from this cown
for diſcovery of the unknown parts of the world. By
his contrivance and his own proper chargs, there
was brought to this town a large ſtream from a grear
diſtance, through many windings and turnings, which
is a great benefit tro the Town, carrying ſeveral Mil's,
and ſerving for other common ules of the Inhabi-
tants. -
This place has been honour'd fince Mr. Camden's
time, by giving the title of Earl to Charles Firz-
Charles, natural fon of K. Ch. 2. created July 29. in
the 27th of chart King.
ff] Eaſtward from hence is Moedbery ; and of the Modbery-
Forteſcues of Wimpfton in that Pariſh, was deſcended
Chancellour Forreſcue, Author of the famous book De
Laudibus Legum Anglie.
Berween, Modbery and Kings bridge there is a fair
bridge over the river Av» abour a quarter of a mile
long. At the mouth of the river ſtands S. Michael's Rock,
C 2 {zyeral
5 R . _—_
miles Weſtward;fands rene.
Farther down the river is Taviftoke, where Taviltake.
s ©. |
(8) mndT om B-are;
the family calld De Ferraris, anciently famous in this <3 "
DANMONAIL
_—— — -
- -—- _ ——— _— —————_ —
> —O_——
ſeveral acres over, in which are to be ſeen the re- | the ſymmetry of ic ſuch, as one might ealily ima-
mains of an-ald Chappel. This ancientRhyme {eems | gine i
to refer to it;
Where Awon's waters with the ſea are mixt,
St. Michael firmly on a rock is fixt . | brated Organ at Ulme.
"RETG King brides is a pretty market 4own pleaſantly fi-| This cizy gave birth to Hewietts Maris, yorrngelſt
wy ca cute, an carol £5 -OUT E 5s the | daughter to.K, Charles 1. to Hill:aw Petre, ho was
benefattion of Mr. Cri{pin, a late citizen of Exeter,
who FARES: here I han, and endow'd it.
Dodbrooke. Near Which js Nagbrooke, ſingul
d White-Ale, |
Dertmore. | Tg7] The river Dert fuft runaeth thro” Dertmore,
a Jarge Fareslt, '20 miles long, and 14 broad. | It
was hr{t made a Foreſt by K. Fokn, and had anci- | by
| our
ſheep, with a propor-
ently in it many ting-works. It now yields paſture
every ſummarito near 190000
tionable number of other cattle ; and ſupplies the
North, Weſt,and South, with variety of ant rivers.
[bh] Then 40. Tatnes, which in &: Charles the
firlt's rime gave he title of Earl to Gearge Lord Ca-
rew of Clipton, lon of Dr. Gearge Carew , Dean of
Windfor,
{ i] Directly Eaſt-ward, lies Torr-haz, memorable
for the landing ef the Prince of Orange (now K,
William) on the 5eh of November, An. 1688. Where
we muſt not paſs by Mary-Chmch, being the firit
Church founded in this County, according to tra-
dition. Near this bay, is a remarkable well, calld
Lay-well, which ebbs and flows ſeveral times in an
hour, and bubbles up ſamerimes like a boiling pot 5
the water as clear as cryftal, very cold in ſummer,
and never freezing in winter , accounted by the
n:ighbaurs to be medicinal in ſame fevers. |
Faither up in the ca is Mereley, remarkable
for it's Church built upon this occaſion. Io the time
of Edw. 1. Sir Peer Fiſhecre Knight { upon a con-
troverſie berween him and the Parſon of cadley
abour, tythes ) kyl'd. the Parſan in 2 rage ; and be-
ing conftrain'd to anſwer che fame at Rowe, was
by the Pope candgin'd to build chis Chunch, where
be ties buryd. _.
From hence towards Dertmare lies Hyhicombe ,
where in the 14 Car. 1. in a violent ſtorm of thun-
deft a4 zhining, a ball of tire came into the Church
in divine Service, kilſd three waunded 62.
turnd, the ſeats upſide down, the es amoun-
_ C:ews ting to above 309 [- A like ſtorm d at Crews
' Monhard Aforthard inthis County, An. 1689. which rent the
ſteeple, mgled che bells, lead, and glab ; and no»
thing eſcap'd but the Communion Place.
fk] Returning to the ſhore, we meet with 7ejgn-
zoyth, which as u formerly ſuffer'd by the Danes, fo
was ic of Jate burnt by che French.
Tiverron. |, 1] North-caſt from which is the river Ex : upon
it ſands Trooten where Porer Blundell aClothicr built
a free-{chool, and endow'd it with a liberal mainee-
nafice for a i-hool-maſter and uſher. He gave alſo
ewo fellowſhips and as many ſcholarſhips to Sidney
College in Cambridge, and one lowſhip and two
icholarfhips to Baliol College in Oxtard, tor ſcholys
bred up in this ſchool.
_ .{m ]. Ugon the river Creden lies Kirten, now no
Totncs.
Torr- bay.
MU;cIcy.
Wrtk:
coin bc.
Teign-
moath.
110,
ar for a cuſtom of
paying tithe 10 the Parſon for a certain fort of liquor,
call”
t the work a liggle ryan.
| The aiganof this Churth"is acconmed the lar-
| geſt in England, the greateſt pipe being 15 inches
; diameter, Which is.two. more than that of the:cele-
Secretary and Privy+Counlellor to K. Henry & Ed-
ward; 6. en; Mary, and Queen Elizabeth , and
ſeven times E dour in foreign parts ; and laſt-
ly to Sir Thomas Bodley, employ” Queen Eliza-
| beth 10 ſeveral foreign Courts, bur ally famous
for bis founding the Publick Library in the Univer-
ſity of Oxford, call'd after his ewn name,
\{ na } Zhomas the laſt Earl of Excter mention'd The rr,
hor was ſucceeded by H4llew his fon and +
heir ; who dying without iſſue-male, left that ho-
nour to David Cecil, Son of Sir Richard Cecil ( who
was ſecand-ſan to Thomas Earl of Exeter.) This Da-
wid was ſucceeded by Fohn his fon and heir, and
he by his {on of the Time name.
{© ] At the confluence of Ex and Cl; is To
ſham, an ancient town that hath flourilk'd much by
che obltructions of the river Ex. Several attempts
have been made to remove theſe dammes, but none
ſo effefual as the new works in the time of King
Charles 2. at the vaſt expence indeed of the City of
Exeter, but to ſuch advantage, that Ligtuers of che
greateſt burden come up to the __—_
Qn the eaſt of Exeter is a pariſh call'd Heawy-tree, Hear.
memorable for the birth of Mooker the judicious Au-
thor of the ical Polizy, and of that great Ci-
vilian Dr. Arihur Duck.
The next pariſh is Paxboe, remarkable for bringing Pinks.
forth che" ewo Rainelds (John and William, brothers }
zcalous maintainers both of 'the Reform'd and the
Popiſh Religion in their turns,
Not far from hence is Stoke-Coaxon, given by K.Ca- Sroke(
nute to the Church of Exeter ; a reprelemtation of
which gift was to be ſeca not long ago in a win-
dow of the Parjſh-Churgh there, wiz. a King with
a triple Crown, and this Inſcription, Conwes Rex
denat hoc Manerinm Eccleſ. Exon.
Four miles eaſt of Exon we pals the river Chf,
near which upon Ch/-beatb, the Corniſh rebels were
corally defeated An. 1549. by Jobs Lord Ruſlel, at-
terwards Earl of Bediord.
[ p |] Next is Hornyron, where the market was an- Herr:
cicntly kept an Sundays, as i was allo in Exeter,
Launceſton, and divers other places; till in the reign
of K, Joha they were alter'd $0 other days.
Over the river Ortery, is Vernyten bridge, at Which in Veorr:
the time of Edw. 6: a battk was fought againſt the 5"
Corniſh rebels.
[ gq ] And upon the ſame river ſtands wy fa- Buds,
mous for being the birth-place of that great State
man and Hiſtorian Sir Walter Rawleigh.
| r_] From whence to the north caſt is Sidmowr, $4
now one of the chiefeſt fiſher-towns of thoſe pares,
+17 ] And Searow, where the inhabizanes formerly Sc
eayaurd e@ cut out 2 haven, and. procurd a
Colle&tion under the Great Seal for that purpoſe ;
but now there refnain ng footſteps of that wark.
Topeſla
7.
yſt-
heath,
more famous for the Biſhop of Exeter's bauſe, than
it was in Camden's tine for the CoVege of Preben- | the Cour:veys were great benefactours ; it is now in
daries. For the houſe together with the mannour | the bands of Edmund Prideaux Elq. Baldwm, Arch-
was alienated to the Xilligrews, fo that now there do | bilbep of Canterbury, in the reign of K. Richard 1.
not remain the leaſt foociteps af che Biſhop's having | was tirſt Monk, and then
any thing there ; except the name of a great mea it felt into the ſea at Axmouth, formerly a good har- ams
dow, call'd 2y Lord's Meadow. |
'n ; The river Ex Carries us to Exeter, the Cathe-
dral Church whereof our Author obſerves to have
been enlarg'd by ſeveral hands. *Twas for a
time no bigger than our Lady's Chappel An. 1112,
William IWarl-waſt Biſhop of Exon. laid che foundati-
on of che preſent Quixe. Two hundred years after,
Exeter.
Peter Quivell, Biſhop, began the Nave of the
Church, to which Fobn Grandiſon Biſhop, made an Ike
on each ſide. An. 1450. Edmund Lacy, Byhop, built
the Chapter-houſe 3 and about the ſame time, the
Fean and Ch
Church was
"_—_ buile che Cloylter. So that this |
ut 4&0 years in building ; and. yet Picie, exeRted at great Charges by the Cary,
{ © | The river Ax paſſeth by Fard,to which Abbey **
Abbot here, Ax emptics
bour for ſhips. Several attempts have made to
repair this decay'd haven, by ee family of the Earle,
_ n, in on
u | Croſling the country £0 the north-weſt, we
meet with Hartland, the poſſefiions of which Mona- Hz:
ltery were confirm'd by Richard x. with the grant of
great inmmuynites ; particulacly of a Court holding
plea of all matters, Eving lis and member, ariſing
in their own lands. In the time of Q. Elizabeth,
a Bill was preferr'd in the houſe of Commons for
finiſhing that port.
Not far from this is Clovell-harbour, ſeaur'd by a Clr
who
hays
DEVONSHIRE.
_ hy — - — — << PRA _—
_—_—_—
herring-tiſhing.
- pos, At a little diſtance, lies Hole or South-bold, the
y native place of Dr. fobn Moreman, Vicar of Mayn-
hennet in Cornwall towards the latter end of Henry 8.
memorable upon this account, that he was the firſt
who taught his Pariſhioners the Lord's Prayer,Creed,
and ten Commandments in the Engliſh congue. By
which we learn in how ſhort a time that Wa.
has entirely prevail'd againſt the native Corniſh.
2m { w] Upon the river Ock is Okehampton, which
ſo it is at preſent a good market town, incorporated
by K. James 1. ſends Burgeſſes to Parliament, and
g1ves the title of Baron to the family of the Adobuns.
ianford More to the north, lies Sramford-Co , where
ac)- began a great inſurreion in the timevof ward 6.
by two of the inhabitans; one of whom would
have no Gentlemen, the other no Juſtices of Peace.
conch. [ x ] Ar a little diſtance is North-Tawton, where
wo there 15 a pit of large circumference, 10 foot deep ;
out of which ſometimes ſprings up a little brook or
bourn, and fo continues for many days. *Tis taken
by the common people as a fore-runner of publick
ſorrow, as that Burn in Hertfordſhire call'd Woo-
bournmore.
þ- Dire&ly towards the north, upon the river Moule,
con. lieth South-moulton, an ancient rown incorporate, ;
tormerly call'd Snow-moulron, when it was held by
have had their ſears here from the time of Richard 2. | flow irom the Briciſh Kww. The ſ:cond is added
'Tis now the molt nated place in thole parts for
zz As it had formerly 92 Knights fees belonging to it,
trom Martin de_ Towrs a Norman Lord, who had!
great polſelions here in the tine of Henry 1. The
' tilver mines were firſt diſcover here in Edward the
| firſts days, when 337 men were brought from the
| Prake in Derbylhire to wotk there. In the reign &t
\ K. Edward 1. it yielded char King great 5 t@-
| wards carrying oh the French war. er
had been long negleRted, they were re-enterd in Q.
's time, who prefented a Cup here made.
to the then Earl of Bathe, with-chis lnſcripcion :
jos gre yy I long lay hid
d with grofter ſoy!,
Debaſed much wich mixed kad
Till Bakner care, whoſe skill and rovl
Reformed me fo pure and clean
As richer no where elſe is teen.
| Theſe faver-mines are again now wrought in with
great expectation. |
(_ bb] South-eaſt from hence is Pampicn, which Bape
brought torth Fobn de Bampron inthe time of K_Hen-
ry 6. a Carmelice Monk and a learned man, who
' firſt read Ariſtotle publickly in the Univerſity of
; Cambridge, where. he commenc'd Dottor, and wric
| divers Books. |
| Continuation of the E ARTS.
| Affer the death of Charles Blunt, An. 1606. King
James in the 26th year of his reign, created //i/l;am
Lord Cavendiſh of Hardwick, Earl of Devonſhire ;
the Mariyns, by Sergeanty to find aman with a bow
and three arrows to attend the Earl of Glouceſter,
when he ſhould hunt thereabouts.
rogon {x ] From hence to the fouth-welt is Torrington,
call'd in old Records C Torrengton, an ancient
Borough, which ſenc Burgeſſes to Parliamene. But
that privilege hath been long diſcontinu'd both here
and in other places in this C . It wes incor-
porated by Queen Mary, by the name of Mayor,
Aidermen and Burgeſles, and hath yielded the title
of Earl to George Duke of Albewarle, the great Re-
itorer of K. Charles 2. as after him to Chriftepher his
only ſon ; and fince to Arthur Herbert the preſent
Earl, late Lord Admiral.
dos, [ y ] The river goes next to Bediford, mention'd
by our Author for it's bridge. It is fo high, that a
ſhip of 5o or 60 tunn may fail under ic. For which,
and for number of arches it equals, if not exceeds
all others in England. "Twas begun by Sir Theo- |
bald Grawvill, and for the finiſhing of ic, the Biſhop
of the Dioceſe granted out Indulgences to move the
people to more liberal contributions 3 and accord-
ingly great fums of money were colleted. Thi
place hath been in the polſeſlion of the Granvills
ever ſince the Conqueſt ; a family famous particu-
is larly for Sir Richard Grawvil's behaviour in Glamor-
ganthire, in the reign of W.Rufus ; and anocher of
che ſame name under Q. Elizabeth, who with one
ſhip maintain'd a ſea-fight for 24 hours againſt 5o of
the Spaniſh Galeons ; and at laſt yielded upon ho-
1 nourable terms, after his powder was ſpent, having
flain above 1000 of the Spaniards, and funk 4 &
their greateſt veſlels. This family hath fince been
honour'd wich the titles of Baron of Bedford, Vil-
count Lan{dowsy, and Earl of Bath.
ton, Upon the ſea-coaſt rowards thenorth, is Brawnton,
where many hundred acres of land are overflown by
the ſands, and the place from them called Sazton.
Tall Trees, fome of 30 foot in length, have been
digg'd up here.
To a place not far off nam'd Mort, Sir Williem
Tracye, one of the murtherers of Thomas Becket A. B.
of Canterbury, retird 23 years after the fat; which
refures the vulgar Chronicles, relating that all con-
cern'd in that murder, dy'd miſerably within 3
years alter.
wombe. { 2 ] To the norti- caſt from hence is If arcombe, re-
markable for the lights here kept for the direction of
ſhips ; but much more for Mr. Camden's being Preben-
dary hereof,which AER Ig we. cheChurch
of Salisbury, might then be enjoy'd by Lay-men.
[ aa] Farther up, on the coaſt lies Comb- Martin,
ny.
&
whole ſon and grandchild, both Will;ams, fuccethve-
ly enjoy'd that dignity ; and his great grandſon of
the fame name fucceeded them, who is now created
Marqueſs of Hartingten, and Duke of Devonſhire.
Mere rare Plants growing wild in Devonſhire.
Avena nuda Ger.F.B. C.B. Park. Naked Oats or Pillis.
Thas by regert 4s ſown 1» ſome places of this County, as well
as is Cormwall.
C.Alfine ſpuria puſilla repens, foliis Saxitragz aures.
Small round-leved creeping baſtard chiehweed, This i
xo lef frequers mn this Cannty then im Corwwall, on the
likes watery banks.
Aſcyrum ſupignum villoſum paluftre: Marſh roxad-
koved S. Peter's wort. On moiſt beggy grounds and about
fhallow pools of water. See the Synonyma in Cornwall.
C. Campanula Cymbalariz tohis. Foy-lkaved Bell-
flower. No leſs common in this County than in Cornwall,
a the likes places.
Eryngium vulgare F. B. vulgare & Camerarii C. B,
mediterrancum Ger. medicerraneum ſwe campelſtre
Park. On the rock which you deſcend to the Fervey from
Plimouth over into Cornwall. This plant, probably, grow-
eth net wild ay where m England fave bere, near Da-
wewtry in Northamptonſhire, and on the jhere ca!Pd Friar»
gooſe near Newcaſtle mpon T ine.
Gramen junceum maritimum exile Plimoſtii Pork.
P. 1271. Small ſee Ruſh-graſs of Plimouth. Near Ply
mouth on the wel a
Juncus acutus maricimus Capitulis rotundis C. B.
acutus maritimus aker Park. Sea-ruſb with globular heads.
Found by Mr Stephens m Brawmnton boroug bs mthss County.
Lichen feu muſcus marinus variegatus. Fungus auri-
cularis Czlalpini F.B. Fucus maritimus Gallo-pavonis
pennas referens C.B. The Turkeys feather. Found by the
Jame Mr.Stepbens on the rocks near Exanouth, plentsf ally.
Lamium montanum Melifiz tolio C. B. Melfla
Fuchfu Ger. Meliflophyilon Fuchfii Park. Mclifla adul-
terina , amplss foliis, & floribus non grati
odoris F.B. Ben/m-leaved Archangel, Baft ard: Banlm. Is
wood: m this County, and particularly near Totnes.
This 43 the Plant, 1 ſuppoſe, that the Authors of Phytolo-
gia Britannica ne) Meliſſa Moldavica, which they
ſay grew i® My. Champernon's wood by his huaſe on the
bill fide near Totnes. For Melifſa Moldavica is « plane
ſo far from mg wild with as, that it continneth not
__ £ar -ſown.
ubia ſylveftris Park. ſylv. aſpera,quz ſylveſtris Di-
oſcoridis C.B. ſylveltris Monſpeſſulana major F.B.non-
nullis Rubia hexaphyllos. #ild Madder. I grows on
rhe rocks near the bridge at Bediford, and all "a ry
_ on both ſides the way between We/th and Bediford,
the firſt branch whereof is oblery'd by our Author tv
n other places of this Count
| ans in many her þ of ye »USo.
_— = ou Oo
——c oe — 74% —_x PISS oo > o_ —_
DUROTRIGES.
FHNDOT1NT1GE 0D.
Q EXT to the Danmonii Eaftward, Ptolemy in L;s Geographical T ables bas plac'd the Auey-
#2) Teighs as be files them mm Greek, who in Latin Copies are written Durotriges. The wery
S ſame people, whom the Britains about the year of our Lord 890. call d Dwr-Gwyr, accord-
> ing to Aſſerius Menevenſis my author, who liv/d at that time, and was a Britain by birth.
The Saxons call'd them Dop yecTan, as we at this day, the County of Dorſ:t and Dor-
Q ſetſhire. The name of Durotriges, which is ancient and purely Britiſh, ſeems very probably
MD 7o be derivd from Dour or Dwr, which in the Britiſh tongue ſenifi Water, and Irig
& which ſignifies an Inhabitant ; as if one ſhould ſay, Dwellers by the Water or Sea-fide.
| Nor can there be any other Etymology of thoſe places names, in ancient Gaul (where formerly
the ſame language with that of Britam was ſpoken ) that begin or end with Dur or Dour, ſuch as Durocaſes, Du-
rocottorum, ", nmr Dordonia, Durolorum, Doromellum, Divodurum, Breviodurum, Batavodurum,
Ganodurum, Ocfodurum, and many other ſuch, as well in Gaul as Britam. But the Saxon word Dop-feTTa is
Serts,whar. partly Britiſh, partly Engliſh ; and of the ſame importance and ſignification as Durotriges ; for SerTan amongſt our
Anceſtors as well as other Germans, did Jamie co inhabit or dwell upon. Thus we find the mountaimeers call'd in
their language Dun-peccan ; thoſe that dwell upon the Chiltern-hills, Cylcepn-reccan; «nd rhoſe that border uy-
on the river Arow, Apow-pettan ; as the Germans call thoſe who dwell among the woods Holt-ſatten, from mba-
biting the Woods, Nor did the Britains loſe the ſenſe of the ancient name, when they call'd the Durotriges ( of
whim I now diſcourſe ) Dwr-Gweir, that is, Dwellers on the ſea-coalt ; for thew country, for a long way, about
5o miles together, fronts the Britiſh Ocean, and lies ſtretch'd out from Eaft to Weſt, with a very oblique ſhore, fall of
turnings and windings.
Dwr, what:
PODS ES 7 MR E,
HE County of Dorſet is bounded on | Port, though at the month of the river that runs by
the North by Somerſetſhire and Wile- | it, which is enclos'd with hills on both ſides, Nature
ſhire, on the Weſt by Devonſhire *, on | ſeems purpoſely to have projeted: a commodious
the Eaſt by Hantſhire, and South- | place for an harbour, as an inducement tor Art and
ward ( which way it extends the far- | Induſtry to finiſh it | c ].
theſt,) 'cis all Sea-coaſt, lying for] From hence the ſhore winding very much, runs
about 5o miles together, as I ſaid before, upon the | out into the ſea, where © an heap of ſands thrown up,
Pritiſh Ocean. But the foil is fruictul, and in the | call'd Chef], with a narrow Sea that runs between it Cie
Northern parts of it there are woods and foreſts ſcat- | and the ſhore, continues for © nine miles together ;
eer'd here and there ; whence, with ſeveral green | which, when * the ſouth wind riles, gives, and
hills, that feed great flocks of ſheep, pleaſant paſtures, | commonly cleaves afunder ; but che north wind, on
and fruitful v it comes quite down to the ſea- | the contrary , binds and confolidates 'it. By this
ſhore; which I ſhall keep cloſe to in my deſcription, | ſhelf of fand, Portland, formerly an Iſland, is now Por
having no better method to take | a ]. annex'd to the Continent. For the etymology of it's
At the very entrance into this County from De- | name we are at a loſs, unleſs it is call'd Porr/and, be-
wonſhive, the firſt place that appears upon the ſea-ſhore | cauſe of it's being oppoſite to the Por: call'd Weymourb ;
Lyme. is Lyme, a little town ſtanding upon a ſtecp hill, ſo | but ir ſeems the berrer conjecture of the rwo, that ir
call'd from a rivulet of that name gliding by it, | took it's name from one Porr, a gallant Saxon, who
which can ſcarcely be reputed a ſea-port town or ha- | about the year of our Lord 523. annoy'd this coalt.
ven, tho' it be frequented by fiſhermen, and hach a | This Portland, towards the decline of the Saxon Go-
kind of an harbour below it, which they call the | vernment (for no mention is made of it by writers
Cobbe, well ſecur'd from tempeſtuous winds, by rocks , before ) ſuffer'd as often and as much by the Danes as
| and lofty trees. any place whatever. Bur after chat war was at an
: We ſcarce meet with it's name in ancient books ; | end, it came to the Church of Wincheſter. For
|
only I have read, that King Kinwultf, in the year of | when Emma, the mother of King Edward the Con- Hits:
our Lord 774- gave in theſe words, rhe land of one | feilor, (having been accus'd of incontinency with 41- =
manſion to the Church of Scireburn, near the weſtern banks | win Biſhop ot Wincheſter, and her reputation lying
of the river Lim, and not far from the place where it | at ſtake) fo clear'd her ſelf from the guilt, by paſling
alls into the ſea; ſo long as for the ſaid Church ſalt ſhould | baretoot over nine red-hot plough-thares, withour
be boil d there, for the ſupplying of various wants | b |. | touching any of them, in the Cathedral Church of
Hard by, the river Carr empties it felt; where | Wincheſter, (which was a common way of eryal in
Carmouth. ſtands * Carmouth, a little village, where the bold | thoſe days, call'd / Ordale,) that the miracle of her de- oo
pirating Danes had che good fortune to beat the | liverance provd the memorial of her chaſtity co ſuc-
Engl in two engagements; firſt conquering King | ceeding generations; ſhe, in memory of it, gave nine
Egbert in the year of our Lord 831, and then King | farms to that Church : and her fon Edward repent-
Zchelwulf, in the eighth year after. Next is Burc- | ing that he had accus'd his mother ſo wrongfully,
Burpor! f2- port, or rather * Birtport, ſeated berween ewo {mall ri- | laid the whole Iſland, with other revenues, to it \ cc |.
bemp. Vers which meet there, the ſoil whereof produceth | 'Tis ſcarce * ſeven miles round ; a ridge of rocks runs
the beſt hemp. In this town an hundred and twenty | quite about ir, which raiſes it higher than in the mid-
. houſes were computed in Edward the Confeſlor's | dle, where 'tis flat and low : it is here and there in-
time; but in William the Conqueror's reign ( as ap- | habited, and has plenty enough of corn, and good
pears by Nomeſday-book ) there were no more than | feeding for ſheep, but very little wood; fo that they
an hundred. *F'was heretofore fo famous for making | are forc'd to make uſe of dry'd cow dung for fewel.
ropes and cables for ſhips, that 'twas provided by a | The inhabitants are the moſt famous of all the Eng-
ipecial ſtatute for a ſet time, that ſuch fort of tackle | liſk for flinging ſtones ; and amongſt the fea weeds
for the uſe of the Engliſh Navy, ſhould be made no | they often meet with J/id:s Plocnmon, that is, Jr's bair 114"
where elſe. Nor can this maintain the name of a ' ( as Pliny has it from Juba,) a ſort of ſhrub-produc'd
hat.
—
« It is now call'd Charmauth. + Call'd alſo Bwaport ; and Brizporr, ſays Leland, of ſome written Brntepor:. « "Tis a bank of gravel and
> * Seven miles, fays Leland. *« *Tis the fonth-ealt wind (as Leland obſerv'd) which cavſath the ſea to break throogh rhe bank ; and
the North-welt that on the conrrary ſtrengthens it. #/ Of Ordale fee Somner's Gloflary ro the Decerm Seriproves. & But 1t 2 man ſhould com-
paſs itby the very roots and deepeit ſhore, it would amount to 10 miles. Let, 1t;ncrar;
1 And fon part of Somerſetſbire.
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"DORSETSHTITRE
45
by the ſea,. not unlike coral ; it has no leaves, and
when cit it changes colour, growing black and hard,
and the leaſt fall breaks it. Towards the Eaſt it hay
one only 'Church *, and a few houſes. adjoyning tq
one another; and towards the North it has a Caſtle
buile by King Hen, 8. commanding the mguth of the
port call'd Weymouth, which is a little town at the
mouth of the ſmall river #ey \, having oppoſite to it,
upon it's ather bank, Melcombe, call'd Melcombe Regis,
that is, King's Melcombe, parted only by the haven.
The privileges of this port were taken away by AQ
of Parliament, but recover'd afterwards. Theſe ſtand.
ing formerly upon their diſtin& Immunities, and ri-
no each other, are now united ( may it prove to
their mutual advantage) by Ad of Parliament, having
communication one with the other by a Bridge late-
ly made, -and being much —_—_ in buildings *.
From thence the ſhore lies {trait along by the
Iland Purbeck, ( as they call it, ) which is full of
heath, woods, and foreſts, well ſtock'dwich Fallow-
deer and ftags; and containing under ground, here
and there, ſome veins of marble |
of it ſtaod formerly an old Caſtle call'd\Corffe ?, a ve-
ry ancient ruin, but at-laſt fallen quice to ſhatters 4,
which nevertheleſs is a notable memorial of the ſpite
wil of Mothers-in-law. For e/£/fith ( that ſhe might
pe
bers.
make way for her own fon Erbe/dred to the Throne)
when her ſon-in-law Edwerd King of England made
her a viſit here as he came from hunting, ſet ſome
Ruffians upon him, who flew him 3 whillt his impi-
ous ftep-mother. glutted her eyes with the Scene of
his murder. Which impiety ſhe afterwards, by a
late repentance, usd her utmoſt endeayours to expi-
ate, abnining the habit of a Nun, and building Reli-
gious houſes | e ]. This Purbeck is call'd an Iſland,
though it be but a Peninſula ; being every way waſh'd
by the ſea, * but weſtward; for towards the Eaſt, the
banks of the ſea wind very much inward, which ha-
ving a ſtrait and narrow inlet or paſlage, ( oppoſes
to which within is an Iſland with ' a blockhouſe call'd
Brenkſey, ) widens and expands it ſelf to a bay of a
ou breadth. To the north of which, in a penin-
ula hard by, is Poole, a ſmall crown, fo ſituated that
the waters ſurround it every way but northward,
where *tis joyn'd to the continent, and has only one
pate. It is not unlikely that it took its name from
that bay below it, which in a calm ſeems as it were a
ſtanding water, and ſuch as we, in our Language, call
a Pool, This,in the laſt age,was improv'd from a Sedge-
plat with a few Fiſhermens huts, to” a well frequented
market-town, and grew very wealthy, being adorn'd
with fair buildings [ f]. K. Hen. 6. by A& of Parlia-
ment transferr'd the franchiſes of the port of Melcombe,
which he had disfranchis'd, to this place ; and gave
leave to*the Mayor to encloſe it with walls, which
were afterwards begun at the haven by that Rich, 3.
who deſervedly bears the character of one of the worſt
of men, and beſt of Kings. But from that time (by I
know not what ill deſtiny, or rather negligence of
the towns-men,) it has been decaying ; 5 that now
the houſes, for want of inhabitants, are quite out of
repair.
Into the weſt corner of this bay, Frome, a famous
river of this county, diſchargeth it ſelf; for fo 'tis
commonly call'd, tho' the Saxons ( as we learn from
Aſſerius ) nam'd it Fnau, from whence perhaps, be- | p
/ cauſe this bay was formerly calld Fraumouth, latter
/ ages imagin'd that the river was calld Frome. It has
its riſe at Evarſbot, near the weſtern bounds of the
dÞ/ In the middle | tond!
ſhire, from whence it runs Eaſtward by Frompten, to
which it has given it's name, and is joyn'd by a rivu-
ler from che north that flows by Cerne Abby, * which Cerne 4bby
was built by Auſtia the Engliſh Apoſtle, when he
had daſh'd to pieces the Idol of the Pagan Saxons
there, call'd Heil, and, had reform'd their ſuperſtici-
ous ignorance /. More beneath this, Frau or Frome
(call it which you pleaſe ) diſperſing ir ſelf, maketh
a kind of an Iſland, and firſt viſits that ancient town
Fromptoa.
which in the Itinerary of Antoninus is call'd Durno- Dorcheiter,
vaxia, that is, the: paſſage over a river. Ptolemy in
ſome Copies calls jt erroneouſly Durnium, in others
Dunium, This is reckor'd the principal town of
the, county, and yet tis neither large nor beau-
tiful, the walls. having been pull'd down by the en-
rag'd Danes, who here and there about the town
haye thrown up ſeveral barrows *. Yer it dayly dil-
covers ſome vilible footſteps of Antiquity ; ſuch are,
the Roman military or conſular way, ſome brals and
filver coins of the Roman Emperors 7, which: the
common people call King Dorn's pence, whom they
COnCelVe, in alluſion to the name, to have
been the founder of this town [g]. And a mile off
there is a ditch with a Bulwark on the top of an hill,
| in Cl C ' ACN; 75, Maiden
precey large in circumference, call'd Maiden-caſtle | hJ, Maiden-
ch one may Eaſily imagine to be the place where
the Romans encamp'd in the ſummer time *. Bur ic
tuffer'd moſt when Sweno, through outragious barba-
rty, renew'd the Daniſh broils; and when Hugh
the Norman, a man of treacherous principles, in
whoſe management were the affairs and government
of theſe parts, gave way to all ations of extravagance.
'But what fort of place it was, and in what conditi-
on, in the beginning of the Norman times, learn, if
'you pleaſe, from Domeſday book. Þn K. Edward's reign
there were 170 houſes in Dorcheſter, theſe defended them -
ſeboes for all the King's ſervices, and paid geld for ten
hides, but to the work of * Huſcarls one mark of ſilver,
excepting thoſe cuſtoms which | were for one night's enter- + Ad fir-
tainment. There were in it two mint-ma#ters. There are 4m noctis,
now only 82. houſes; and 100 have been totally demoliſlyd
ſence Hugh was Sheriff, If this language be obſcure and
unintelligible ; as Sextus Czcilius faid in a caſe of the
like nature, it is not to be imputed to the Writer's
want of expreflion, but the Reader's incapacity, who
cannot come up to the ſenſe of the Author,
From hence the river Frome runs by Woodford,
where formerly Guido de Brient ?, a martial hero, held
a ſmall caſtle, where afterwards dwelt ** Humphre
Stafford of Suthwick”, which by a coheir of his fell
Lancaſhire **, who came to a fair eſtate in this coun-
try ; whoſe iſſue has huilt a very fine houſe at 241-
bery. From hence it ſlows by Byndoy, call'd by the
Saxons Beandun ( which likewiſe had its monaſte-
ry ) where Kinegilſe in the year 614, in a doubt-
ful battel, overcame the Britains | i . * Some
time ſince, twas the ſeat of the Lord of Marney : now
it gives the honorable title of Viſcount ** to Thomas
Howard Knight of the Garter, whoſe father nam'd
Thomas ( ſecond fon of Thomas Howard, the ſecond
Duke of Norfolk of that name ) Queen Elizabeth
created Viſcount Howard of Bynden, when he * by
marrying the daughter and heir of Baron Marney, en-
ter'd upon the great eſtate of the Newborowghs in theſe
arts. Thoſe who are nam'd de Nowoburgd, common-
ly call'd Newborough, derive their pedigree fiom the
younger ſon of Henry Earl of Warwick, the firſt of
the Norman line; and held here 7/info: with the
5 There are (fays Leland) at this preſent time abour $0 houſes in the Iſle ; and there have been as many more, as :ppears by the ruins. inerar.
ol. 3. i It now gives the title of Viſcount to Thomas
make it an Iſland. * It is now gono to decay.
could go up fo far, and there unload, it was in a proſperous
rook up at Poole, and fo by little and little enrich'd it.
fol. 259. # By her it came immediately to Sir Edmund Ch
Thynne of Longlete. and anc 1
= Leland attributes the riſe of this to the decay of Warham, imagining that while
condition ; but when for want of d
* Malmesb. de Geſtis Pontificum,
of Brook, and by his dau
Titl >. rao by her Father John Lord Marney marrying the
k To the weſt alſo the river Frome, and another little river, almoſt
| ſhe {Hips
h of water they loſt that road, 'ris probable t bey
» Buthſecarles, i. e. Claſſiarii. He od,
L 142+ b.
ro Times Strangways. ! Ia the reign of Het. 8.
» Her name was Elizabeth ; and that family came to have a Title to the Eſtate of the N
daughter and heir of Sir Roger Newburrow.
: By Sea-advyenturer. 3 Seated upon # zreat m_ hill.
0115 men ( as 1 have read | John Morton Cardinal an
for his good ſervice in ung England's happineſs by the union of
bert Biſbop of Worceſter, and many Gentlemen
ditched, another Poundbucy ſomewhat greater,
caſtle, 7 Fourd there, and eſpecially at Fordingt
their Convent ou: ON ruins t oof
9 A Baron, '"s Hugh Stafford, Hol,
Howard. O
on hard by.
But 'tis an error.
+ Until of late it hath bern repair'd 7
Archbiſhop of Canterbury, born at $. Andrews Milborne, wor” h14y aarant'd to jo high þ laces
the two Houſes of Lancaſter and York ; and of thus family there hath iſſued both 1Ro-
hes ood note in this Country and elſewhere. awd |
ihe third a mile off, as a Camp, with fue trenches, containing = ten acres, calld Ma iden-
8 It [Dorcheſter] had ancievtly a > in that place w
the old town ſeemeth to have been very large.
and hath now but three Pariſh-churches; whereas the compaſs of To the Lord T, ham
i*# 40 7 , as
u 4nd brought hicher by the firſt Marqueſs of Dorſet.
5 Here was firit bred among the Re tigi-
6 [hereof one #5 cad Maumbury , being an ac) 'e in-
here the Grey-fFiers built
Waodford.
(as I have been told ) to T. Straygwaies, a native of 8:rmy-
Wares,
Byndone
INewbo-
rou
w hole
as
CD ——
990 0. RK,
— —
ir oe —_—_
— 00 ron VF SO Ie re ve EO WII PSI nn
— ay ww I Capra Les > ue TFT IE A >
ny A rs RS9 rw woe Rus HET yp ener IG IIS xv er
Oo . wo m__
yp hang —— = - oQ *
471
_—_ ae a
DUROTRIGE S.'
I
whole Hundred by the gift of King Henry 1. by ſer-
wice of Chamberlain in chief of our Lord the King, as it
is in the Inquiſition. But I have read, that in Ed-
Grand Ser- Ward 3's reign, it was beld by Sergeanty, by holding the
geanty. baſon for the King to waſh, on his Coronation-day. Ralph
Moien likewiſe held the next mannour of Owres, by
ſervice of Sergeanty in the kitchin, by the gift alſo of King
Henry 1./and R. de Welles the mannour of Welles ad-
joyning, ever fince the conqueFt of England, by the ſervice
of being Baker. But this by the by.
Where Frome diſchargeth it ſelf into that bay, up-
on which Poole is ſeated, about the mouth of it ſtands.
Watham. IWarham, by the Saxons call'd Weapeham, very ſecure
on all ſides but weſtward, being every way elſe fur-
rounded by the river Trent, Frome, and the ſea. In
Edward the Confeffor's time ( as it is recorded in
Pomeſday-book ) it had 148 houſes in it, and two
mint-maſters ; but in William the Conqueror's days,
there were but 70 houſes computed. Afterwards it re-
flouriſh'd, and was in its greateſt proſperity, fortify'd,
having a mint-office, with walls quite round, being tall
of ifhabirants,and a very ſtrong caſtle,which was built
by William the Conqueror; till Henry 2. came to the
Crown *2 : but from that time, ſuffering much by
wars, and the caſualties of fire, together with the
ſea's robbing them of the haven, it is almoſt run
Guite to ruine; and the ſoil that was in the very heart
of the ancient town produceth great quantities of
garlick [ kJ. The little river Trent likewiſe has it's
mouth here, ſtyl'd ſo by 4ſer, tho' the inhabitants
call it now Piddle; from whoſe northern bank
ſcarce three miles off, I ſaw the ruinous walls of an
Middlcton. Old Abby call'd Middleton, which King Athelſtan
founded by way of atonement, for taking away both
his brother Edwin's life and Crown. For when his
active and ſoaring ambition after the rm—_ had
debauch'd his principle of natural juſtice, he put the
poor youth, who was heir apparent to the Crane,
+ Aftuo- with his little page, into a + ſmall skiff without any
_ tackle, and then launched them out to ſea, that it
might might be charg'd with his guilt. Edwin
being helpleſs and diſtraaed with griet, threw him-
ſelf headlong into the ſea [1]. Beneath this Aid:
dletcn, another little river riſes, which runs by a ſmall
market-town calld Bere, where for a long time to-
gether the ancient and famous family De rwrbida w:lla,
Turberril. commonly call'd Tarbervill, had their ſeat '4.
Bere.
See, was converted into a monaſtery, and ſeems ve-
ry ancient, tho' not many years ago, in 7 an uproar
between the townſmen and the monks, it was ſet on
fire , plain ſigns of which appear in the blackneſs of
the ſtones. Below this, the river Tvell, ( of which
we ſhall ſpeak elſewhere ) with many curnings and
windings, glides on weſtward to C/:fron, formerly the cg,
ſeat of the family of '5 Max/banch, from which it he-
reditarily deſcended to the family of the Hoerſeies,
Knights * ; where it enters into Somerlethhire.
e to the Eaſt, the famous river Store, yield-
ing plenty of Tench and Eel particularly, flows on
it's fource from ſix ſprings in Wiltſhire. Where
it firſt enters into this County, it runs thro' Gu/-
the Danes to flight in a very remarkable battle ;
| and then viſits Shaftsbwry three miles off, ſeated
onthe top of a hill **; the Britains call'd ic Caer Pa-
ladur, as the common people falſly imagine, and
Sepronia, the Saxons Sceafrerbynyz, perhaps from
the Church-ſpire, which they call'd Scheaft. A lit-
the before the Normans came in, it had 104 houſes
init, and three mint-maſters, as I have read in the
Book ſo often cued by me. It was afterwards more fa-
mous for the Nunnery founded by that pious woman
Elfgrua, wife to Edmund, King Altred's nephew's
ſon ; and had about ten Pariſh-Churches. But *cis
moſt remarkable for the report that our Hiſtorians
that *twas a man of that name who fotetold, that
But to return to the weſtern parts of the ſhire. Act
the riſe of Frome where the foil is moſt commend
Blackmere-foreſt, once well wooded, now more na-
ked, affords very good hunting. This is commonly
Foreſt of call'd * The foreſt of white-hart. The occaſion of it's
# biteB4'. name the inhabitants have by tradition, that K. Hen-
ry 3. having been a hunting here, amongſt ſeveral
Deer he had run down, ſpar'd the life of a milk-
white hart, which afterwards T. de la Linde, a gentle-
man of this County, with others in his company,
took and kill'd ; but they were ſoon made ſenſible |
how dangerous ic is to provoke a Lyon. For the
King being highly incensd at it, fin'd them ſeverely,
che government of Britain, after having been in Sax-
on and Norman hands, ſhould return at length to the
ancient Britains ; who likewiſe would have it older
than time it ſelf, altho” 'twas infallibly built by Al-
fred. For Malmsbury the hiſtorian has told us, that
there was an ancient ſtone in his time remov'd out
of the ruines of the walls into the Chapter-houle,
which had this Inſcription :
ANNO DOMINICA INCARNATIO-
NIS ALFREDUS REX FECIT HANC
URBEM. DCCCLXXX. REGNI SUI VUL
King Alfred built this city in the year of our Lord
ane their very Lands which they held, to this day | DECCLXXX, and the eighth of bis reign.
have pay d into the King's Exchequer annually, a p- |
cuniary acknowledgment by way of fine, ca Fl
whitchat- JP hite-bart-ſilver. Shirburn, which is likewiſe call'd |
hiiver. | .
Suburn, Shirburn-caſtle, borders upon this foreſt , formerly -
Fors limpi. 9ciPebujan, that is by interpretation, a ſpring of clear |
dus. water, and, as it is ſometimes written, Fons clarus ;
lac'd on the decline of a hill, and very pleaſant ( as
almsbury ſays) by reaſon of the multitude of it's im-
habitants, and it's delightful ſuuation * *ris ar preſent
I was the more willing to inſert this Inſcription
for clearing the truth of the matter, becauſe in all
' the Copies | have ſeen, *cis wanting, excepting one,
which belongs to the Lord Brghley, High Treaſurer
of England "7.
From thence the Stowre ſtreaming along by © Marn-
to Srourton, the ſeat of the Barons of Srowrroy, taking Stow
| ingbam-loreſt, where Edmund ſurnam'd Ironſide put Giliy
make of one Aquila, who prophely'd concerning the x, p,
change of the Britiſh government. Some think it ph*q«
was the bird call'd Aquzla, that is, an Eagle; others ©**
In the year 'of our I ord 70g. an Epiſcopal See was E
erected here, and Aldelm was firſt conſecrated Biſhop.
Afterwards im the reign of King Etheldred, Herman,
Biſhop of Swing, being advanc'd to this Biſhoprick,
transterr'd his Epiſcopal See hither, and annext the
Biſhoprick of Swing to it, which in William che
Conqueror's reign he transferr'd to Salisbury, relerv- _
ing Shirburn to his ſucceſſors for a retiring place, to M:
whom it now belongs | m |; and one of them *
named Roger built a tortify'd caſtle in the Eaſtern Of
part of it, beneath which was a large marſh, and _
many fiſh-ponds, which being fill'd up are con-
verted into fruitful meadows. But the Cathedral _
Py immediately upon the tranſlation of the Du
O01
bill, ( from whence Henry Howard ** had his ticle of-Buront
Baron Howard of Marnhill, before he was created Earl ** ©.
\ larnhi-
* the moſt frequented rown in this County , it's| of Northampton ) makes to Sronrminſter, that is a Stourn®
woollen manufature turning to the beſt account. | monaſtery cr minſter xpon the Stoure, a very mean {tc
fm MM. OS
— ——— — ———_—
——
r It is now in the hands of the Lord Stourton, as being deſcended of William de Srourton, who in the time of Richard 2. marry'd Elgabeth the
d: ugtner, ard attcr wards heir ot Sir Joln Moigne,
ne: *£r. M.S. Vol. 2.
by zi] manner of trades jointly. 1:inerar. Vol. 2.
He: wyeys. # Now the poſlelſion of George Huſey.
1 3 ſho when he came to challenge the Crown of England jn the year 1142. arriv'd here, beſirg'd and took the Caſtle, which was defended ty Robert
Lay againſt him in behalf of King Stephen ;, and afterward Robert of Lincoln, a man of mighty poſſeſſions in theſe parts defended the ſame agaicſt
K. . igephen. But $&c. + H bercof ns ſome were famous, ſo _— Ly dong fy the trme of K. Edw
17 And I have been inform
1an ts have a Tradition, that an old City ſived upon the place which is call'd the Caltle Green, and by ſome Balt-bury, now a fair plain ſo fired, that
another it i a ſtrange ſight, to look dewn to the ale under it ; whereby in the weſ end of the Chappel of
1% Brother of Thoma; la/t Duks of Norfolk recciv'd of K. James the title, &c.
the French. 's Malbane, 6 Very defettive of water.
#1 © fone ſide it joinech to the town, jo
S, 5. thn (as 1 hear now) ſiandeth # Reman Inſcription rever; d.
t Ic is long lince difafforeſted. ; ; k
* Leland ſays in his time it was about two miles in compals ; and ſublilted partly indeed by making of cloath, but moſt!
» The quarrel was occafion'd by the Monks raking the li
ha.llows, the fontitone whercof one of the rownſ{-men detac'd. Lel. lrinerar.
« In ſome old evidences it is term'd Forms clarus, Lil. Iti-
berty ro baptizc in the Chappel of Al-
« From themit came by purchaſe ro the Heles, and now to the
. 1. was infamous with þis traiterous praftices with
m4 = _—_ ov
4 _ hs =
40* _ F
'd that it comtinu'd there ill the time of K.Henry 8. yet the Inhabi-
town
- 2 — —
— — ” ———
TI —"DUROFRIGES.
2 CCC Oo oo Eno erm OY OO - _— — v2
m—_ — CC ———
it came by the Claes Early 'of Glogeſter, and Pwrbs | gollantly deſended Harflew'in Normandy againſt the
viccoun: Earls of Vifter, ro: Lien! Duke of Clearance, and by | French, and bravely put to flight the Earl of Arme-
E:andorne. him eg the Crown. | KE-4JO- -eF nigo ja pitch'd battel. After his deceaſe without
| Rue pow Rohert Ceqil *4 js Viſcount of Cranberne,.| iflue, Hen. 6. nominated Edwwnd of the fame houſe
1604. whom King James deferyedly, for -bjs maſt approv'd | of Lancaſter, firſt Earl, then Marquels of Dor/er, and
wiſdom, firlt diggify'd wizh the title af Baron Cecil | at laſt Duke of Somerſet ; whoſe fons being all caken
of Efſenden, and the year after, with that of Viſcount | off in the Civil wars, and the houſe of Lancaſter as
Cranborne *. it were quite routed, Edw. 4. created Thomas Grey
Falsand = Touching the Earls and Marqueſſes of this Shirg ; | af the family of Ruthin, who was his ſon-in-law, ( for
—_— William the Conquerour, after he had got the Crown | the King marry'd Grey's mother,) Marqueſs of Dor-
The life of of England, * made Q/mwnd, who was Earl of Seex, | ſet, when he came to the great eltate of the Bonuils
Oimund. 5, Normandy, Bi of Salisbury firſt, thgn Earl of | in this County and thoſe adjoyning, in the right of
2 Dorſet, and Lord Chancellour, having a great opt- | his wite: Thomas his ſon, and Henry his ade by
nion of his wiſdom and excellent learning. A long | the ſaid Thomas, fucceeded him, who was created
5c the time after, Richard 2. in the 21 year of his reign pre» | Duke of Suffolk by Edw. 6: upon his marriage with
Dihnet ferr'd Jahp de Beaufort, the fon 'of Fobn Roms and | Francis the daughter of Chorles Brandon Duke of Suf-
Semerler. 2 "of Somerler, robe of Doris, from | folk, and neice to King Hen. 8. by his ſiſter. He
which honour he was afrerwards degraded by Hes. 4. | ſuffer'd for high-treaſon in Queen Mary's reign, and 1553.
out of ill will ta Ricbard 2. And when in full Bar- | too late experimented of what dangerous conſequence. **?
liament, the houſe of Commans ( with whom be| it is to marry into the Royal Family, and to ſoar too
was much in favour ) did earneſtly - intercade that | high-in ambitious hopes.
his dignicy of Marqueſi might be 'refor'd. him, he | Prom his time the title of Doxſer was conferr'd on
c—ts ned to ry ic. pockaliing 2 grqae aver- | no. ane, till K. James, inthe beginning of his reign,
ſon to fuch 2 novel and upſtart eicle, unknawn: before | advanc't! '7hemaes Sackvwill, Baron of Buckhurſt, Lord
choſe times ; and his younger brqther; Thomas de | High Erealurer of England, to the Earldom of Dorſer,
Reaufers was created Eark of Dorſer, whe afterwards, | for his maſt exact diligencs and ſingular wiftom, as
for his valour, was by Han: 5: made Duke:of Wo an ornamental honour jufdly due to. his true virtue,
and had the County of: Hercows given him. For he/ and che: good ſervice he had done his country ©.
# Mitch. Parif. Hiſt. Mig;An. 1189. © © |
24 N; |; | 5 South W | yd, coup ark e the ſeat of the worſbipfu! family of the Filioll, the beir
who or worry 16 Boy d Sey 4's By Ek Ne A Seals he alan = is entel by bjs eng
(47 Robert is fon, bis ceffor; who' dereafl a r year, the faid / ode again to Richard his hopeful ſm,
ſudden death An. \608 |
whom hy beg as, of the Lady Maxg arts Howard, daughter tothe lata Due of
There are in this County 248: Pariſhes.
— — ” "_ *& th
_ —
ADDITIONS to DORSETS HIRE
{HE County of. Dorſe, as. it is oblerv'd | to.Bredpore, is a barraw ( amongſt many others there-
' by. our: Author. to; be. adarw'd with | abouts ) that was fearch'd and open'd fome-years ago. *
© | woods, paltuces;, and fruicful valleys; | Upon the firſt removing of the earth, they found ic
{0..is ic principally ewzch'd by the fea, | full ob large flints, and at length came to a place per-
which ſupplies: it, with great/plenty -of the beſt fiſh, f fedily like an Oven, curiouſly clay'd round; and in
and. givgs/it am opporturiity. of 'imgroving{ it ſelf by | the: midid- oF-it a fair Urn full of very firm bones,
trading}. | "Eis. v&y. muck for the honour of it, that} with a, great-quantity of black aſhes under it. But
K. Chaslgs. 2; deglar'd. he-never fam a. finer Country: | what is moſt le, one of the diggers putting
either in, England or out of it. | kis.hand: iaco the Ovens when firſt -open'd, pulf& it /
Line. [bj She Town of ime ſeems to have.been much | haftily back, not being ablero endurethe heat ; and-
improu's ſince Mr. Camden's.tyme; for it is now a | ſeveral: others doing: the like, affirm'd' ie to be hot
Burroygh, G@nlting of- 26. Capitab Burgedffes: and' a | enough to bake bread; + Phe ſamo naturall hear is + Dr. ſor-
| Recorder 3, whereob there-is aiNdayor and:two: Juſti- | oem found by our minera-men'in cheir-mines, fo as £2 of
ces. , The Mayes is:the next yeas:after his Mayaralty \ ſometimes they-are not able to-crouch them: ' Digging p. 106. ©
a Juſtice 96 cþa,Peace, : and clie;year-folowing;Jaftice | facther,; they met 'with-16- Urns more, but nor in
and. Corongs. Lhe Peer, there, for. the:nature and/| Ovens; and? ih- the middle, one with ears to: it:
largeneſs,o0kit,\-hath fearce- ifs like: in England,. and | they. were alt full:of ſound bones and black aſhes.
requires gear colityeany: co minneain ic. ' Fhe:place | Notrfar fron hence is: }4merborne, || in-the. pariſh Winter-
is {ſo much - eacrees'd, tha whereas. our. Author. ob- | whereof, withina-an inclofire: near- theLondon-road, qe
ſerves it;could.hardly be-termidcuport om app 'orher | there ſtand cercain ſtones, nine in number,” in-a Cir- Mon. Brie.
account than ay frequ (by Fifkermen;:ir Ha:now { culas-form;' Phe higheſt-of them: is ſeven foot, the 15-
very catifiderable-Merchamsmir!: i! 23 Pnexrhigheſbaltnoſt fixifoot 5 the reſt are-broken, and
It is radarkaHlcitor being the kgding-place of the'| now- niov- above 'a- yard! high. And upon; the ſame
unfarumate- Duke :of Mootouth,,: June 1x; 1685. | road; half: a mile (farcher,, there ſtand: three ſtones
when he. aſſerted: tus: pretended tight to the Crown. | which are: four foot high; The ſtones of both theſe
He brought waeli hio but one; madn.of War-of,'abour4 monuments leem to be pecrity'd lumps of flines.
39 guns, ; and)twa-other iſmalb veſſels, with.Aumns'for{ [cc}: Deſcending from hence to- the ſea-coaft, we
about 4990-menz; having not! above::roo that: came} come to Portland, which in the year 1632. gave the pur:1and.
oVes, Willi, type C But. acovichibandiagheitccan in-{tizle ofiEattto Richard Lord Wefon-of: Neiland, I.ord
creale, of gyiFortesin avaghiograime; hewas gout. High Preaſarer of England; who was ſucceeded by l
edrin, apiitiid bactel,.andchis atttinipo providifatal crop ſeveral of the ſame family.” Tt'now- gives thar title ro.
him and his Followers. ___. . _. _ .. | Wiljam, Bentinch, Affeer, the. donation of Edward,
)'pzt. T[c} Fra ience-our. Author 'palles on. te. Bridport, | mention'd_-by our Author, this INand. conginu'd in -
which he-fays ſeems tg want, nothing timahke it, a | the C urch of Wincheſttxs.ta.the time of Edw, r. in
port, but "induſtry. [But is.apptars, byi.experience | whoſe..reign: Gilbert dz» Clare. Earl" of -Hertford-and
that it is notthis will do-it;;-forthe/inttbicangs tave Gioeofter' C probably bor upon it as. ap impreg-
lacely, atterngied, it,” 464 faPd'in, che-tpderraking : | nable: place )| gave other-lands.ta.the-Churoly in. ex+
[18-tides--perperualhy- batring it 'withy#and;- apainſt-| change for, it ; chroygh-whoſe" heirs it came co the
w....; which they conld hot firid'any* remedy.” OO .Crown-.in Edw. 4. ©116&-ftil] continues: 9:
i. Northeaſt from heoge. is, Hford:Rgg/c, *. near. [f] Upon the ſoyth-eaſt:part. of this County lies
vr. Which, in a ground calld Ferndewn, -the.road | the Ifle- of - Purbeck, the- fourts. pare» whereof" i5-very parte!
#3 = g2od
5
oo. 20y. noon a a
—_— ———
45
DORSETSHIRE: ©
P——_—
Birons
Fiz. Payne,
B:rons Bri-
ent, Buons ter of their family, in the reign 'of Hen. 6. meet alto-
Poynings.
Blindford.
Vindogla-
nia.
Wirburne,
Burn, what in a piece of the old word; and the Saxon Burne,
among rhe
Saxuns.
Ainaals.
' Blpnt, daughter to William
town and lowly ſeated, to which Newron-caſtle is
joyn'd by a ſtone bridge, where there is a * mole of
ezith,which coſt no ſmall pains in on ; bur
there is nothing remaining of the Caſtle, ſaving the
name. There is nothing of greater Antiquity rela-
ting to this, than that King Alfred by his Will gave
Srourminſter to his younger ſon*. In the neighbour-
hood are two pretty high hills at S:et-n, the one
call'd Hameldon, the other Hodde, both tortity'd with
a triple rampire [n]; and not tar off ( I cannot be
particular in the place ) * was Okeford, thelchief Ba-
rony of Robert the fon of Pagan, commonly call'd
Fiiz-Payne, who marry'd the daughter of Guido de
Brient, and was dignify'd with a Barony in theſe
weſlern parts, in dw. 74. reign, but for want of
heirs male of the family of the Firz-Paynes, theſe ti-
tles of Barons Firz-Payne; Brient, and Poynimgs, coming
ficlt ro the Poynings Barons of chat age, did by a daugh-
gether in the Perczes Earl of Notthumberland | ©}. But
within the memory of our fathers, by the bounty of
Hen. 8. the dignicy of Baton Poynings reviv'd in's The-
mas Poynings a fouldier, who had many illegitimate
children ; and with him it preſently expir'd **.
From hence the Stowre palling by Brienſton, that is,
Brientius's town, the ſeat of the ancient family of the
Rogers [p], touches at Blandford, a market-town,
which having been in our time by accident burnt
down, is much improv'd by neat buildings, and a
greater number of inhabitants. From thence flowing
by © Tarrent, where Richard Poor Biſhop of Salisbury
founded a little Nunnery, with a ſwift current it ha-
{tens to that ancient town call'd Vindogladia, of which
Antoninus takes notice ; by the Saxons call'd Wyn-
bupnbham, now commonly Finburze, and from it's
monaſtery, Winburnminſter ; from whence it is juſt 16
miles to Dorcheſter, the ſame number that Antoninus
makes between Vindogladia and Durnovaria. I ſup-
poſe it cook it's name from the ſituation between |}
/ewo rivers, for Windugledy, in the Britiſh language,
ſignifies berween two 1words ; now that the Britains
call'd heir rivers by the name of fwords, in a pecu-
liac dialeQ, is plain from Aberduglediau, (che Britiſh
name of Mulford-bewen,)) that ts, the mouth of two
ſwords, becauſe the two rivers Ccall'd Cledias, that is
ſwords, run into it. The modern name allo ſeems to
be taken from rivers ; for ##2bwrne 15 compounded of
which in this language ſignities a river, and by the
addition of that word, they were wont to exprels
the names of places that ſtood by the water-ſide. The
town it ſelf is ſeated at the foot of a hill, being large
and very well inhabited ”*, It-was of great reputation |
| -IN HOC LOCO QUIESCIT CORPYS S. E-
THELREDI REGIS WEST-SAXONUM MAR-
TYRIS, QUI ANNO DOMINI DCCCLXXU.
XXIIE-APRILIS PER” MANUS- DANORUM
PAGANORUM OCCUBUTT. :. e.
Here ref}s the body of Etheldred King of the Weſt-
Saxons, Martyr, who fell by the _ of the Pagan
Danes in the year of our Lord DCCCLXXII, rhe
XXIII of April.
Near whom lies bury'd ** Gerrride [t } Marchionefs
of Exeter, the mother of Edward Courtney , the
laſt Earl of Devonſhice of that family ; and oh the
other ſide of the Choir fobn de Beaufort Duke of So-
merſer, with his wite *?, whole daughter Margaret
Counteſs of Richmond, Mother of Hen. 7. a Princeſs
of extraordinary piety, 'founded a ſchool here for the
education of youth | u]. - Bu to ſhift the ſcene of my
diſcourſe from the Church-to the Town. When the
Danes by foul practices endeavour'd to raiſe civil dil-
cords amongſt the Engliſh and had broken the alli-
ance between K. Edw: the elder, and #tchelwald his
kinſman 5; Xthelwald being highly ambitious of the
government, and having an inveterate hatred to his
Prince, us'd all poflible means to fortifie this place.
But as ſoon as Edward drew near wich his forces, and
had encamp'd at EINE which they now
call Badbury, he withdrew 'hi
Confederates the Danes. Now this Badbwry is a hill
ſcarce two miles off, entrench'd with a triple ditch,
where ftood a Caſtle ( as way $y. formerly the
ſeat of the Weſt-Saxon Kings. Which notwithſtand-
ing (if ever there was ſuch a one) is fo utterly de-
cay'd, that I ſaw not the leaſt ſign of ic.
In the neighbotirhood I ſaw Kingfon, a little vil-
whom by bargain and fale it came, thro* the hands
of Quincie Earl of Wincheſter, from the Earls of
Leiceſter. For King Henry 2. gave it to Robert Earl
of Mellent and Leiceſter, and at Jaſt both places
came to the houſe of Lancaſter, of whoſe ſignal fa-
vours, ' #;nbern ( as I have faid ) was particularly
ſenſible. - At ſome diftance' from Finburn the Stoure
receives a {mall river call'd Ale, upon which ſtands
S. Giles Wmburn, the dwelling-place of- the honour-
able and ancient family of * Afely, Kni
Wickhampton, the patrimonial eſtate Wm
of Edw. 3. left two daughters only, one of which was
marry'd to John de Arundel, the grandfather of Fohn
Earl of Arwndel, who: left. to: his heirs ' the title of
Barons: of. Maltravers; the -other was the wife of
in the Saxon times, I believe upon no other account,
than that ic retain'd then ſome ſigns of the Roman |
I! The bxxon mggiogncy. In the year 513. when Cuthberg, lifter
to Ina King of the Weſt-Saxong; being weary of a
mury'd life, procur'd a bill of divorce rom her hul-
band the King of the Northumbrians, ſhe founded a
N::1nnery here, which in time decaying, there-was
a new Church erected in it's place, with a fair vault
under the Choir, and a very high ſpire [r], beſides
the [teeple. Into this Prebendaries were introduc'd
inſtead. of Nuns; where within che memory: of our
tarthers, Reginald Poole was Dean, who afterwards was
made a Cardinal, ani Archbiſhop -of Canterbury,
adding to the quality of his race (tor he had: royal |
blood in his veins { { ] ) the reputation of piety; wiſ .
dom, and. eloquence. | K. Etheidred, one-of the belt |
of Princes, the brother of, Alfred, who was: flain in a
battel againſt the Danes at Wittingbam, lies buried in
Robert. le Rows, and-afterwards of Fobn Keynes Knight.
From hence the Srowre flows” on by
which, -not long: fince,- James Baron of Montjey,
who particularly fearch'd' into the nature of metals,
began to. make Chalcanrbum, that is, Coperas, as we Coperar.
call it, 'and boil alum;' -From hence formerly, John
Earl of. Warren, forcably - as it were; ravith'd and
took. away Alice Lacy 'the: wife of Thomas Earl of
Lancaſter;: with ware 11s ary his reputation; and
no ſmalt a9 rf 'England; as- appeats by our
Chronicles. Here the niver:Srbwre Javes Dorſtſhire,
.and renning through foine 'parts of Hantſhire, dil-
embogues it ſelf into the Ocean, having firſt receiv'd
2 little: rivet which flows: to Cranborme, a town well Cr arbrre.
watered,' where in the year of our Lord y4o. /e:!-
ward; nobleman; firnam'd . Meaw from his fair
complexion, founded:2 little monaſtery, which Ro-
| bert' Fitz, Hammon, a Norman transferr'd to ny:
this Church ;'.upon whale romb;. not long ſince [re-
paird, this Inſcription isto be read; |
leaving.a Motk:ov vwo tiere; for to-him the poſſi
of Acilward, fell:: From whom, by facceflion,
— ——%——c — = -_— —
ONS
- Tis cut off by a theep and wide ditch'from the high lad behind it.
© It was then in the Crown ; but aþour, 109 fears afeex that, K Eager
gave ir ( being 39Hides;) tothe Abbey of Glaſſenbury); [1 3"Hides/) ro Abbey: ' They are
now part of the pollcſions of Themes Br .1. <4 Dugd:. Baron. part 1. p.' $72. -,* ne of or ot. Hioney Peromenc : fTte
Srowre and Allen. ' 8 Now Kingſton * ir is the tennnmhghe Bebe on ther ; ately bouſc, and
his grandfather fn Banks bought it he.adopred ſG ICS is Bhemt Katl of Devi i | wm by K. Jam. 1. It came to the
Crown by Her &- to John of D. of Lancaltes.,, + Aſbley'is the name. - It FRmgby leſcent ro che ps py from Sir nr houy
Aſbley ( who in ſeveral | ents in the reign of Cu. Elizaberh ) « having given his a 4 and heycfs 1 marnage to
SirFobn Cooper of Rockbourn in Hawpſhire had ifle by her' Sir Aur Ajbicy Croper, who in che year 1661. was e a Peer by the tirle of Baron
ob Wimborne os Gates, having cobeaher title That if Sir Jobn or heirs come
ro Aura with
»9 Sir Tho. Poynings, for
uagt to-an Article in x claid rrzage ,
CEnT anon ther for their tirie. os year bs rd
whom ſucceeded his ſon, rhe preſent'Earl, wirh whom this Eftare and Sear remaias. Sw
Sir Edward Poyni * 4; baſtbrdly /lips ſeldom take got root.
Foe Mom joy. by Margars, bbs ang heir ro >»; raid Hibs of
Aſhley, was created Earl of Shafrsbury, to
” Eyt few fair buildings. 2 Ge 7ruat
wn
it
elf by flight "to his Badbury
lage, call'd * Kingſton Lacy, becauſe it belong'd to the Kingſtor-
Lacy: Earls of Lincoln, together with Winburn, to ©
3 and Albleyc,
of the Knights.
Barons of Maltravers ; the laſt of whom,-in the reign Maltraven,
rd, below Canford.
DORSETSHIREE.
A—
good land. Ir has plenty of marble, and of many |
forts of good ſtone, ( from which, as tradition in-
forms us, the Cathedral Church of Satisbury was f:p-
ply'd,) and chey, to therr great advantage, carry
much of ie ro London.
[ e } The moſt conſiderable piece of Antiquity in
it, is Corffe Caſtle ; the foundation whereof is nor di
ſtina!y card by any hiſtory ; though there are fome
circumſtances that would jufttfre at leaft a conjetture
of it's being built by K. Edgar. For by an Inquift-
ction taken 54 Hen. 3. concerning the Abbef of Shattl-
bury's claim of Wreck in her mannour of K:ng/ton in
Purbeck, it is thus tnention'd ; Furarores dicwme quod
ante fundationem Caſtri de Corite, Abbatiſſa & Monia-
les $. Edward: de Shafton habuerunt wreecum mars quod
evenire conſuevit in manerio ſus de Kingſton ſine contra-
di&tiome. Now the Nunnery of Shaftow was founded
An. 941. by K. Edmund, after which time rhe caftte
muſt have been built; and *tis probable, was nor
done in cicher of the two fucceeding Reigns, which
were but ſhort ; rill Edgar (the peaceable, the rich,
and the great ber too, for he founded and repair'd
47 Monafteries) came to the Crown.
Afffeer the ſtrength and fatery of the Realm began
to conſiſt in Caſtles, this was one of the moſt prin-
cipal, belonging to the Crown ; and in the 42 Hen. z.
what uſe it ſhould be contriv'd, is akogether nn-
cerrain.
{ i } From henc=the Frome goes to Bindow, Where Bindow "3.
our Author obſerves that Kinegils beat the. Britains.
Bur the analozy berwecen the old and new name
does hardly hotd good. For I find ir in all the Co-
pres of the ancient Saxon Anna!s to be wrir Beamh-
Sure, and not as Mr. Camden has ir, BeanSun. I
fee no reaſon why this Aion may not very well be
femov'd ro Bampron, upon the borders berweeti Sc-
merferſhire and Dewonſbire. The march of che Britain's,
and all other circumſtances, do no lefs agree to this;
and rhe old name does much berrer fair it, it being
uſual for after-ages ro add the (p) afrer (m)
ſtrengrhen ( as it were ) the pronunciation. Une
perhaps one ſhould ſuppoſe rhar thoſe works, upon 4
hill ſouth of Bindon, namely a double-fortm'd camp,
have been done by one of thefe rwo People.
. | k ] Near the ptace where the Frome emptieth it
ealt and weſt fides by earthen walls, thick and high,
beſides the advantage of the rivers. *Tis probable
enough, that this aroſe out of the ruins of a little poor
place call'd St9wborough, (in the ſame manner as the
prefenc Salsbury has rifen out of the ruins of the old,)
for Srowborough, cho* bur x mean place, is {till g6-
when Simon Montfort had rook that King prifoner, | vern'd by a Mayor ; which plainly thews, chat it has
jt was the third Caltle requird to be detiver'd up to
that party ; and was afterwards by Mortimer Took'd
upon as the fitteſt place wherein to ſecure his ; 96,
Edw. 2. It was repair'd by K. Hen. 7. and in the
are Civil Wars was a gartifon for the King, and de-
fended by the owner of ic, Lord Chief Juſtice Bank: :
nor did it come into the Enemies hand, but by the
creachery of one, who pretending to have brought
relief, ter in the befiegers. |
The rown is one of the nine burroughs of the
County, that ſend Purgefſes co Parliament 5 and
what is remarkable, the principal members of it,
(efpecially as many of them as have born the Office
of Mayor ) are call'd Barons ; as the Chief citizens of
London anciently were, and the governing part of
all the Cinque-ports ſtill are.
In the Ifland there is one family (Clavi/) record-
ed in Domeſday.book to have been here in the time
of the Conqueror.
[ £7] To the north lies Poole, which our Author
fays, in the laſt Age aroſe out of a few Fiſhermens
houſes, Notwichftanding, it feems to be'a rown of
good note and antiquity, though no mention be made
of it in Domeſday. For it appears by Records, that
in the 2 Edw. 2. the Free Burgeſles of Pocle (Thomas
Plantagenet Earl of Lancaſter being then Lord in
right of his wife ) paid to the faid Lord che ſum of
8 /. 13 x. (equal to about 80 ]. now ) for the farm
of their Libercies ; and in 14 Edw. 3. they ſent Bur-
geſſes to Parliament.
| g | Upon the river Frome lies Dorchefer, a pretty |
large rown, with very wide ftreets, and delicarely
ſituated on a riſing ground, opening at the fourth and
weſt-ends, into ſweer fields and ſpacious downs. It
is a Corporation, formerly govern'd by rwo Bailitts
and Burgefſes, but was in the 5 Ch. 1. incorporated
a-new by the name of Mayor, Bailiffs, Aldermen,
and Burgeſles; wich an enlargement of Privileges,
Franchiſes, and Immunities. In the 29 Hen. 8. it
contain'd 349 houſes.
In the time of the Romans it was one of the two
winter Stations of their Legions, mention'd in thoſz
parts ; Vindogladia (now Winburne) being the other.
[ h ] So-Maiden-caftle is obſerv'd by our Author to
have been a ſummer Station ; and ſuch as have curi-
ouſly view'd the place, have likewiſe trac'd out the
particular uſes of each part: as, the weſtern part of
It facing the Pretcrium, to have been for the foot,
and it could not contain leſs than three Legions, 5. e.
about 18000 Soldiers : the eaſt part behind the Pre-
torium , to have been for the Horſe and Carri-
apes : and between both on each fide of the Pr.ero-
7:um were the Tribunes and other Officers ſeated.
On the ſouth ſide of this work is a place ſeemingly
the mouth of a hollow cave, which fome nice Ob-
krvers will have to be as artificial thing ; but for
þ
formerly been mach more confiderable : and the na-
cural ftrengrh of Warham, among other things, mighr
invice them in choſe troubleſome times to remove thi-
ther. Ar preſent thete are not che leaſt remains of che
Caftle mention'd by our Author ; only the ground
cpon which it was buile, is cald Ca#le- bill,
An argument of it's once flouriſhing condition, is
the number of its Churches, which they reckon were
in all 8. Now there ate only three usd, the reſt be.
ing become ſme-cares. The ealt' part alſo of the
town, and much of the weſt, is now turn'd to gar-
dens ; but the principal ſtreers remain (till.
ton, now call'd Melron-Abby ; the greateſt part of it
is ſtill ſtanding, as having been the ſeat of the Tre-
fomwells ever tince the time of the Diſfolution ; from
horn it is newly come (by the marriage of che
—_—_ and heir of Fobn Tregonwell) to the Laterells
of Dunſter-caftle.
our Author tells us is a retiring place of the Biſhops
of Salisbury. But fince the Reformation ( all the
old Biſhopricks havirig been cruelly lopp'd ) Sals-
bury has loſt this ( the chief rents only reſferv'd ) to
che Crown. The main end it has been pur to, is,
to gratifie great Favourites; none of whom having
long enjoyd it, the world has took occation from
this and other like inſtances to make a remark, that
Church-lands will not ſtick by Lay-owners.
in the year 1672. gave the title of Earl to Anthony
Aſbley, in the ſame year made Lord Chancellor of
England ; whoſe ſon of the ſame name now enjoys
that honour.
[ n ] Going along with the river Stoure, we come
to the place our Author names S1lleſton, at preſent
call'd $h:ling/ton ; and more anciently Aukford Eskil. Shillingſton
ling, as having been the poſſeflion of the Family of
E-Llim . The latter of the two hills he mentions, is
only fortify'd with a ſingle rampire, and may fem
to have been a Camp, where the enemies to the more
ſerrl'd garriſon in Hemeldon, lodg'd. By whom it was
caſt up, is hard to determine ; however, we may
more ſately conclude it to have been a work of the
Danes, than of the Romans, both becauſe of it's irre-
pulariry, and 1t's being omitted by Antonius.
[ o | A mile ſouth from hence is Auckford, by the auctoord,
common people corruptly call'd Fipemy Okford, be-
cauſe it belong'd once to the Firz-parines. In the reign -
of King Stephen, or before, ic w2s the inheritance
of the great Family of 'de Lincolnia ( calfd by the
French de Nichol, ) and Alured being an ufual name
in that family, it was ſometimes nam'd Auckford
Alured ( as 9 Edw. 1.)) and ſometimes Auckford Ni-
chol ( as in the ro Edw. 1.) when the Lord thereof
{ procur's it 4 Fair and Marker, The difference and
D 2 reaton
EDITS, Ao Ao
*
mes - OSTER APSR WR ew ore a= cy _ -<—o— '
inco the bay, ſtands 7arb:», fortified oh the wartam.
pang _D_ 74
-- w————— a” + 4b -
A———__—— Le
Le RRC
|
|
1
4
;
:
,
l
*
[1] About v4 mites north of the Piddle, 1s Midle- Midleton
{ m ] North-weſt from hence is Shirburne, which Shirburae;
Eaſt of the river Stoure, ſtands Shafrsbury, which $Shaftsbury;
IE. oo nin ele. ES ”— —w———@—
DUROTRIGES.
——— - - _-_—— —— —— — -
Brienſton.
Blandford.
Winburne,
Badbury.
reaſon of the name: is the more worth our obſervati-
on, becauſe it ſecures us againſt running into an er-
ror obvious enough, wiz. that theſe might be diſtin
places.
{ p ] Returning to the river, we meet with Briex-
fon, the ſeat (as our Author obſerves ) of the Ro-
gers.. In which family it continu's, till lately Sir Wil
liam Portman purchas'd it, who has left it to Henry
Portman, his adopted heir; and he, by buildings and
otherwiſe, has much adorn'd and improv'd it. This
was held in Grand Sergeanty by a pretty odd jocular
tenure ; Viz. By finding a man to go before the King 5
army for forty days when he ſhould make war in Scotland
(lome Records ſay in Wales, ) bare beaded and bare-
footed, in hu Shirt and Linnen-drawers, holding m one
hand & bow without a ſtring, m the other an arrow with-
out feathers.
q ] Hard by is Blandford, an ancient burrough,
and which 22 Edw. 3. and 33 Edw. z. ſent "his 2
to Parliament. In : £ Y
of the mannour of King#ton Lacy, had divers Bur-
geſles in it, belonging to that mannour, paying in
all 40 x. a year rent.
[-r ] Upon the ſame river is /inburne, whoſe high
ſteeple mention'd by Mr. Camden, is ſince fallen;
and nothing remains of ic but only a fine tower upon
which it ſtood.
[ 1] Cardinal Poole (who was Dean here) was of
the Royal blood, by being fon to Margaret Poole,
Counteſs of Salisbury, and daughter to George Duke
of Clarence brother to King Edward 4.
{te ] The School built here by Margaret Counteſs
of Richmond, is beholden ſince to a greater Bene-
factreſs Queen Elizabeth, who conliderably im-
prov'd it, |
[u] Next is Badbury, from whence the Caſtle
mention'd by our Author, which depends merely
upon tradition, may very well be remov'd, and a
Station fettl'd in it's place. For *tis probable enough
that this was a ſummer Station of a Legion, or part
of a Legion, which might have cheir winter Station
at inhurre. But however this be, that it belong'd
to the Romans is evident from their coins found
there 3 where alſo a Roman Sword and divers Urns
have been lately diggd up. And what puts it be:
yond all diſpute is, a Foſſe-way beginning there, which
lead to Sorbiodunum Or old Salwbary,
Continuation of the EARLS.
Thomas, the laſt Earl mention'd 'by our Author,
dying of an Apoplexy, April 19. 16c8. was fucceed-
ed by Rebert his fon and heir, whoſe ſecond ſon
Richard fucceeded his father, Thomas the eldeſt fon
dying before his father, and unmarry'd. This Ri-
dw. 1. Henry Lacy Lord | fi
chard dying without iſſue, ' his younger brother
Sir Edward Sackvil ſucceeded him in his honours,
who was, firſt Lord Chamberlain to Queen Aary
wife of King Charles 1. and afterwards bore the ſame
Office to that King. His fon Richard was next Earl,
and was ſncceeded by Charles his fon by the Lady
Frances, daughter to Leonel Earl of Middleſex, and
at length heir to James Earl of Middleſex her bro-
ther ; upon which account the ſaid Charles was cre-
ated Earl of Middleſex' by Letters Patents bearing
date April 14. 27 Car. 2.
More rare Plants growmg wild in Dorletſhire.
Calamogroſtis five Gramen tomentoſum Pork.
Gramen tomentoſum, Calamograſtis quorundam, &
vulgi Gramen plumoſum Lob. Belg. Gr. arundinace-
um panicula molli ſpadicea majus C. B. The {ft or
woolly Reedgraſis, Thu groweth in the borders of dry
elds in many Countries of ths Kingdom, eſpecially i
Dorſetſhire Park. p. 1182. I am Juſicious, there will be
no ſuch graſs found in ths or any other County of England :
neither am I ſatufied what ſort of Graſs Lobel »weant by
thus title. See hu deſcription of bis own tranſlation out of
hs Dutch Herbal, in Parkinſon.
Carduus ſtellatus luteus foliis Cyani C. B. Solſti-
tialis G, R. Spina Solſtitialis F. B. Cardui ſtellati
varietas, jacea lutea cluſii Lob. S. Barnaby's Thiſtle.
By the hedges not far from Cirenceſter in Gloceſterſjure.
Mr. Boberr.
Cyperus longus Ger. longus odoratus Park. odora-
tus radice longa, ſeu Cyperus Officinarum C. B. pa-
nicula ſparſa ſpecioſa F. B. The ordinary ſweet Cyperms
graſs or Engliſh Galingale. Found by Mr. Newton n the
Iſle Lg Purbeck, Dorſetſhire.
ale frutex odoratus Septentrionalium, Elxagnus
Cord f. B. Myrtus Brabantica, five Elzxagnus Cor-
di Ger. Rhus myrtifolia Belgica C. B- Sylveſtris ſive
Myrtus Brabantica vel Anglica C. B. Gaule, ſweet
Willow &r Dutch Myrtle. Is a low leyel marſh ground
near Wareham in thy County, plentifully.
Malva arborea marina noltras Park, Engliſh Sea
Tree-mallow. About the cottages of the I'iliage called
Chillell iz Portland Iſland.
Sedum Portlandicum Ad. Lb. majus marinum An-
glicum Park. Portland Sengreen. Lobel writing ſo am-
biguouſly of this plant, and we having not ſeen nor beard
of it at Portland ; I ſhould not have thought it worth
| mentioning , but that 1 find it mn ſome Catalognes of
Gardens.
Vermicularis frutex minor Ger. fruticoſa altera
Park. Sedum minus fruticoſum C. B. An Calt ſpe-
cies ſeu Vermicularis marina arboreſcens f. B. Shrubs
Stonecrop,or rather Glaſſwort. On the ſtone batch rurning
from the ſhore of Dorſetſhire almozt 10 Portland Wand,
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FORMS ET
HIRE
A
SOMERSETSHIRE
BE L G A.
OWARDS the North and Eaſt, the Belgz border'd upon the Durotriges 3 who
probably both from the name, and other good authority, came from among the Belgz
a people of Gaule, into Britain. For the Belgz ( as Ceſar learn'd of the Rhemi)
were deſcended from the Germans, and formerly paſſing over the Rhine, were in-
duc'd by the fruitfulneſs of the place to ſettle there, after they bad expell'd the Gauls. .
From whence {( as rhe ſame Author has it) they palſs'd over into Britain, with
. no other deſign than to plunder and ravage ; and were all calld. by the
names of thoſe cities where they had been born, and to which they belong'd,
before they came thither ; here making war upon the infaabitants, they
lertl'd and began to cultivate the ground. I: does not preciſely appear at wha”
time they came over ; unlefi poſſibly Divitiacus, King of the <ones, who flou-
riſh'd before -Caſar, migbt tranſplant the Belgx into thoſe parts. For he bad the go-
wvernment of a great part, as of Ganle, G alſo of Britaine. Neither us ut yet
clear'd, from whence the name of Belgz ſhould come. Hubert Thomas of Leige, a very learned man, was of 0pi- +Leod'as.
nion that Belga is a German word, becauſe the Germans call the Gauls and Italians Wallen, and ſome ;4 them term
them Welgen. John Goropius « Belgian, wil! have it come from the Belgick word Belke, [ignifying in that
language Anger, as if they were more prone to anger than others. But ſimce the name of Belgx does not ſeem to be
deriv/d from that language,usd at this day by the Low-Dutch, which is almoſt the ſame with our Engliſh-Saxon ( for
it came from the Saxons, which Charles the Great pts 7 6 into Brabant and Flanders ;) I am imclin'd to favour
the opinzon of thoſe men, who fetch it from the 01d Gauliſh rongue, ( which our Welſh do ſtill in a great meaſure keep
entire ) and will have the Belg ſo nam'd from Pel, with them ſignifying remote, For they were the remotelſt of
all Gaule ; and as they were at the greateſt diſtance from the Roman Province, with reſpe& to their ſituation, /o
allo to their breedmg and humanity. And the Poet has told us that the Morini, a people of Galli4 Belgica, were
the moſt remote, when he calls them, Extremi hominum, the furtheſt part of mankind. But now let us
come 10 our Belgz, whoſe territories were wery large, viz. Somerſetſhire, Wiltſhire, and the inner part of
Hamſhire | A |.
A—
HE County of Somerſet, commonly
call'd Somerſetſhire, is a large and plen-
tiful country. On the north the Se-
vern-ſca beats upon it, on the weſt
ir bounds upon Devonſhire, on the
ſouth upon Dorſetſhire, on the eaſt
upon Wiltſhire, and part of Gloceſterſhire. The oil
is very rich, eſpecially for grain and paſturage * ; 'tis
very populous, and tolerably well furniſh'd with ha-
vens. Some think that this name was firſt given it,
becauſe the alis gentle, and as it were. a ſummer-
air in thoſe parts ; in which ſenſe the Britains at this
day call it Glad arhaf, tranſlating the word out of our
language. But the truth is, as in ſummer time ic
may really be term'd a ſummer-country, lomo lels yy
it in the winter-ſeaſon be call'd a winter-country : lo
wet, moiſt, and marſhy is it for the moſt part ;
which creates a great deal of trouble to travellers.
However, I ſhall not ſcruple to believe that this
name was certainly given it from Somerton, formerly
the chief town of the Councy, ſince 4ſfſer, a very
ancient Author, calls it every where, the County of
Somertun | a }*.
Upon the Severn-ſea ( where this County borders
upon the Danmoni ) the rwwo firſt places we meet
With are Porleck, in Saxon Ponrlocan, and Watcher,
- formerly Wecedpecrt; ewo harbours, which in the
year 886. ſuffer'd very much from the fury of the
Danes [ b ]. Berwcentheſe two, lies Dunſtor-caſtle,
In a low ground, every way ſhut up with hills, ex-
Cept on - fide which faces the fea. It was builr
ny by the Mozons or Mehuns, from which ic cameby bar-
« Zain to the Luterel!'s. This family of the Mobuns was
s toralongtime very famous and powerful ; and flou-
riſh'd from the time of William the Conqueror ( un-
der whem the Caſtle was built) to the reign of
Richard 2. Our of it were two Earls of this County,
William, and Reginald who was depriv'd of that
honour in the Barons war. From that time their po-
ſterity were accounted Barons, the laſt whereof
SOMERSETSHIRAE.
_—
—
John left three daughters, Philippa wiſe of Edward
Duke of York, El:zabeth marry'd'to William » de:
Monte-acuto or Montacute, ſecond Earl of Salishuty.'of-
that name, and Mawd to' the Lord Leſtrange 'of
Knokyn. The mother of thele - (as. the ſtary. goes):
obtain'd of her husband under this town ſo'much.* Compa-
ground for a * Common to the inhabitants, as ſhe {vs 28
could go about barefoot in one day. | 74
Near this caſtle, are two ſmall villages, dedicated
to. two of their Country-Saints : | Carento#.is, the:
name of the one, from Carentoeus. the Britain; the /
.
other S. Decombes, from Decumanus, ©: who ſetting, fail * Decuma:
out of South-Wales landed here ( as-we find it-w-an:
ancient Agonel) in a horrid deſert full of ſhrubs,and'tyis
ers, the woods thick and cloſe ſtretched out a waſt way
both in length and breadth, [trutting up, with lofiq,ynown- *
rams, ſever d wonderfully by the bollow wallies. © Here-
bidding farewell to the world, he was ſtab'd;by/an
Aſlaflin, and ſo got the reputation: of a Saint amang |
fo Family of
the common people 3. Stoke-Curcy, a Barony
nam'd from the Lords of it, lies at a little diſtance *><&ur&*s. .
from the ſea, the ſeat of William de Curcy, Butler to
K. Henry z: Of which family was that Fobn, de john ds
Curcy who took Ulſter in Ireland, a man deſign'd by £9:
nature to be great and honourable, endu'd with a
height of ſoul, and a fort of majeſty; whoſe ſignal
courage muſt be underſtood from the Iriſh Antiqui-
ties. From thence to the Srertpoint the ſhore ſhoots
out by little and little, where two of the largeſt ri-
vers in the whole county meeting together, empty
themſelves at one mouth, call'd by Prolemy the
zſtuary of Uzells, from the river Tvell,: which The zft1-
throws off that name before ic comes here. Ir riſes wy ot Us
in Dorſetſhire, and at it's firſt coming into Somer-
ſtſhire, gives it's name to a well-frequented market-
town call'd Ewell +, and receives a little river, upon
which is Camalet, * a ſteep mountain, of a very diffi- Camaler,
cult aſcent, in the top whereof are the plain foot-
ſteps of a decay'd Camp, and a triple rampire of
earth caſt up, including 20 acres 5. The inhabicants
— - —_
« See Stow's Annals, p. 60. Drayton's Polyolb. p, 54,
And yet not without flomy hills,
knowledged the Petriplaces rherr formndery.
is the Earl of Lincoln.
+ Which role by the decay of Ilcheſter,
ſooner ide Y E 4 4
than go down.
—_—
2 I the ve limit of the ſhire weſtward, where Ex viſeth in a ſolitary and hilly moor, firſt appearcth
Dulverton, & filly market, according to the foil ; and fc os it J a ſmall Rotem houſe of Blas fr ape
3 And between theſe Clivers was an old
Chana at Barelinch, who in [ater trmes ac-
of White Monks, founded by William de Romarsa, Coſin
5 And there appear #bout - the hill five or ſix ditches, ſo fleep, that @ man ſhalt
call
D £4 LI 6:
call ® Arthur's palace ; but that it was really a work | Salisbury 3 laſt left iſſue one only daughter, which
of theRomans is plain from the Roman Coins daily | had by Rict@d Newil the famous Richard Earl ol
digg'd up there | c ]. What they might call it, I am / Warwick, t* Whirlzind of England, and Fobn: * caivis,
altogether ignorant, unleſs it be that Caer Calemion | Marquels, ontacute, both killd in the battle ot
we meet with in Ninnius's Catalogue, by a tranſpo- | Barnet, imfthe year 1472. .But the title of Baron
Cadbury. ſition of letters for Camelion 5. Cadbury the adjoin- ' Montacure was conferr'd upon Henry Poole, ( Son of
ing little village, may by a conjefure probable | Margarer, daughter of George Duke of Claience,
enough be thought five Cathbregion, where Arthur deſcended from a daughter of that Richard Nevil
( as Ninnivs has it ) routed the Saxons in a memora- | Earl of Warwick ) by King Henry 8. 'whopreſcnt-
ble engagement. Another town of the fame name, | ly after beheaded him. Queen Mary beftow'd the
North-Cadbury, was givenby K. Henry 3. to* Ni«hs- title and honour of Viſcount Adrxacute ppon {1:thony
Moeles. Jos de Moeles, who had marry'd Hawilia ons of the , Brows, whoſe grandmother was davghter of Fobn
heireſles -of James de Nowo mercatu, or New-mar- | Nevil Marqueſs of Mon:tacute* ; and his grandohild by
ket. This man's poſterity liv'd a long time in great | {on now enjoys it ?.
ſplendour, till Fohn, in Edward 3.'s time, dying, left | Next to this is Odcombe, which tho' but a very
only iflue 2 daughters, Muriela, and [abel; this mar- | ſmall town, mwſt nor yet be omitted, becauſe it has Bm
4 ryd to William Botereawx | d], and the other to Tho- | had it's Baron, William de Briewer, (tor fo his ta- ©
mas Courtney *. ' ther was call'd,as being born * in a beath;) who © ha- "he
Iſchalis. From hence the river Fel runs to I{chalis, men- | ving great intereſt at Court, being alfo an entire Fa-
Fvelchefter. tion'd by Antoninus, now TJrelceſter, call'd ( it I ' vourite of Richard r. was reſpected and caretſed by
miltake not) in Ninnius's Catalogue Pontavel-coit, for | all ; and fo got a very large eilace **, with which by
Pont Fel Cait, i. e. a bridge over the Jvel in a wood; | the marriage of his daughters (fr his ſon dy'd with-
and by Florence of Worceſter, Givelceſter. It is now | out iſſue ) he made a great accefiton to the eltates of
famous for nothing but the market,and it's antiquity ; ' the Brees, Wakes, Mohuns, La-firts, and Percys, Pe-
for now and then they dig up Coins of the Roman | low this at a little diſtance, is Srcke under Hamden,
Emperours, of gold, braſs, and ſilver. That it was | where the Gernays had their caſt!e, and built a Col-
formerly ® large, and encompaſsd with a double | Iege. This family ſfurnam'd de Gorneico, and com-
wall, is evident from the ruines? : about the coming | monly Gorz»ay, was very ancient and il'uſtrious, de-
in of the Normans it was a populous place, having in ſcended trom the ſame ftock wich the IFarrens Earls
it a hundred and ſeven Burgeſſes. And at that time | of Surrey, and the Aortiviers. Bur in rhe laſt age it
ie was a place of ſtrength, and well fortifyd ; for in | was extin&, and part of that eſtare came by the
the year of Chriſt 1088. when the Nobility of Eng- | Hamptons to the Enightly family of the Newtong, New
Jand had forn'd a wicked plot, detigning to depole | who freely own themſelves ro be of Welſh extracti-
William Rufus, in order to advance Robert his Bro- | on ; and: not tong ago to have been call'd Caradecks.
ther Duke of Normandy to the throne, Robert Atou- | Nor muſt we forger ro mention, that Marthew Gor-
bray a warlike man, aiter he had burnt Bathe, vigo- | nay was bury'd here, a ſtout touldier in the time of
rouſly aflaulred thisplace, but all in vain. However, | Edward 3. and dy'd in the 96th year of his age,
time has done what he could not compals, and has | after he had been (# as the Inſcription witneflcth )
at laſt as it were form'd it. at the fhrege of D'algizer againſt the Saracens, at the
A little more inward *, the confluence of Fe! | battles of Beramazm, Sclu/a, Creſſie, Ingines, Poitiers ;
Michelney. ad: Pedwed form a river-Iland call'd Machelney, i.e. the | and Nataray in Spain.
large Iſknd, wherein are ſomething of the walls of | Next, the Parret waters Martock, a little market-
an old Monaftery, which Hiftortans tell us was; town, which formerly William of Bologne fon to king
Podred riv. built by King Athelftan. Pedred, commonly Parrer, | Stephen, gave to Frramuſius of Boelogne, whoſe only Fir
riſes in the very ſouth-bound of the County, end | daughter and heir Sibi//, was marry d to Ingelram de {>
with awinding channel runs by Crockherne, in Saxon | Fienes, and from them are deſcended the Fieres Barons
;' and by Pedderton, to which it gave the | of Dacre, and the Barons of Say an@'Zef.
From hence the Parrer cuts it's way into the north
through a muddy plain, by Lawgport, a market-rown
| pretty well frequented : and by Avlre 2 licthe village Aur
of a few ſmall hutrs ; which yet ſcems once to have
been a town of better note. For when Alfred had
by the Earl of Moriton, brother by the mother's fide | ſo ſharter'd che Danes, and by a tiege forc'd them to
to: William x. (f who buik a caſtle at the very top of | ſurrender, that they took an Oath to depare our of
the hill, and a Religious houſe at the bottom of it,) | his dominions with all expedition , and © Gearas their
becauſe it riſes by degrees into a ſharp point; where- | King ( as Ailer tells us ) promis'd to embrace Chri-
Annals of as before that it was nam'd * Logoresbarg and Brſcho- | {lianity ; then Alfred in this place rook him ont of the
- gras peſfon. But the caſtle has been quite deſtroy'd theſe | ſacred fon? of Regeneration with great pomp.
many years, and the ſtones carry'd off to build the | The Parret running from hence receives the river
Religious houſe and other things. Afterwards on the | There, which riſing at a great diftance in the weſtern
very vp of the hill was a Chappel made, and con- | part of the County, next Devonthire, paſſes throngh _
lecrtedto S. Michael; the arch and roof curiouſly | delicate fields '* ro Felling:on, which in the time of V'
bnije of hard tone, and che aſcent to it is round the | Edward the Elder was the ground of ſixz Manſion-houſes,
mountain up ſtone-ftairs, for near half a mile. Now | at what time he gave this along with Lediard, which
the-Monaſtery and Chappet are both demolifh'd, and | was of rvelve Manſfon-honſes, to the Biſhop of Shir-
the pee ornament it has is a delicate houſe, | bourn. It is now a little market-rown, receiving it's
which the worthy * Sir Edward Philips Knight, Ser- | greateft glory from an honourable: Inhabitant '( for
jeant at Law, lately built at the foot of the monn- | perſons eminent for virtte and their good ſervices to
Lords of tain. This place gave name® to the honourable | their country deſerve always to be mention'd) 5 Fobn hy
"gm family of the Monracutes, deſcended from Drogo * the | Popham, memorable as for the antiquity of his noble
E " Toung. Of this family there were four Earls of | deſcent, fo for his {tri& juſtice and ſingular induſtry.
$ A funeral Infcription upon the Northern Wall of $t. Margaret's Weſtminſter mentions one John Mrlys of Hilmſton in Devonſhire , famril7# oriun-
dum [ur nominis que inſign;ta erat olim tituly de. North-Ca : & This town (as Leland fays) is one of the mott ancicar in all thar quar-
ter, has had 4 Pariſh-Churches, whereof rwo had: the ruines tanding in his time, the thyd Was quite demcl {t'd, znd one vs'd. Tinerar, Vol. 2.
+ If Leland be Mr. Camden's authority for this, he freely. declares he had it only by hear-ſay. * Iirihe Copy ot Leland, which t had, it 15
Logaresrburch, and "tis probable Mr. Camden had it from him. «© His grandſon Sir Edward Philips is (Ell living. e Ic {til continues. in the
ſame family ; and the honour is at preſent enjoy'd by Francis Viſcount Mountague. d The Inſcription was in French, and 1s fer down at Jarge
Leland ; where *tis exprefs'd that he dy'd, Sepr. 26. An. 1406. e | think moſt of our Hiſtorians call- ic Gearuz; the Saxon Aunals cory
{tantly mention it under that name.
s Hereby are two towns, Welt-Camelet and Eaſt-Camelet, or Queens Camelct, happily for 77-2: it had bom in dowry *o forme Queen, 6 Here
re ore aftde from the 1iyer Ivel, Wine-caunten, no meen market, js neigi-bour 10 164, North. Caddury, and wear thor and: is Pen, &c. Hac
Hol] inſerted the ſame account that Cunden afterwards gives of Per. 7 Arid two towirs upon the ridge. * by Langpait 4 proper
market-town. ®* And here | muft not forget Preſton, ſometime the ſeat of John Sturton, yewnrger ſon to rhe forſt Lerd Sturron, one. of mh-je neirs
WAS warry'd to Sidenham 0 Brimſton thereby. 10 #þo being taken up in the New-fareſt by K. Hey the j<cond, it 3 {1nting journey, proud 4.
you man. * Marty Beatrix of Vaunes, Widow to Reginald Earl of Cornwall, i: Mgr Wivclfcomb 2f-g1. "4 ancientl; rg che B jbop of
#th 13 £7» John Fopham, |
Ty T! 115
” ws ” nave he xz - - Sa. _ wadewlcsd... 2 R"_ U
"SOMERS ETSHIRE nn. oe.
EI Tree "IF Oe ON EE Pa TEE
This man, now Lord Chief Juſtice of rhe wing) Whoſe ſweaty hands and garments ſtain'd in blood,
Bench, adminiſters Juſtice with ſo much gvennels, | Shew that a crown is but a noble load.
and ſuch a temiper'd ſeverity, that Engl tor And truly, this Iſland falls out very well for a pri-
this long time been moſtly indebted'ro him for it's | 1 af wig 3 the ſtanding poo!s $a Sabre an
domeltick peace and ſecurity. ( which {/ſer call'd by a Latin: Saxon word Gromnas) Gronnes.
Going from hence with a gentle and eaſie courſe, make it inacceflible. It had formerly a bridge between
the Thone waſhes Thonton Or Taunton, ang givesIt that |,» towers, which were built by King Alfred; al/> a ery
name. Ir 15 a neat town, delicately feared, and n large ſet of alders, full of goats and deer ; but the firm
ſhort, one of the eyes of this County. Here Ira King ground not above two acres broad. Upon this be built a
of the Welt-Saxons builr a Caſtle, which "Decburgia monaſtery ; the whole ſtrutlure whereof ( Malmesbury
his wife level'd with the ground, ater the had dri- | þ,Þ.. ſpeaks for me ) is ſupported. by four pots faiten'd
ven Eadbridb King of the R ſt-Saxons our of it, who in the ground, with four arch'd. chancels drawn round it.
had got poſſeſſion, and us it as a curb to a conquer'd | T1, 32... does not go far alone, * after ir has got
nation. In the reign of Edward the Confeſfor, ;: together it's waters, before it is joyn'd by row 2s
gelded (1o it is in Domeſday: book ) for 54 hides, had | 2 from the Eaſt, '* which runs by Somerton, for- S»merton,
" 63 Burgers, and was held by rhe Biſhop of Wincheſter, merly the chief rown of the County, giving name
vs whoſe Pleadings were here kept thrice @ year. Thoſe Cu- | .,, 414. whole. It had a caſtle belonging to the Welt-
7 Foms belong to Taunton ; Burgheriſte, robbers, breach of | Saxon Kings, which Ethelbald King of the Mercians
ms the peace, hannifare, pence of the hundred, and $. Peters poſleſs'd himſelf of by ſtorm ; bur now it has given
pence, to bold thrice a year the Biſhops pleadings without way to age, fo that nothing of it appears: and the
edmonition, to go into the army with rhe Biſhops men. | 4/1 would ſcarce ſupport it's character, were it not
The country all about is beautify'd with green mea- | g_ throng Beaſt-fair kept there from Palm Sunday
dows, abounds in delightful orchards, which, with |. 1... riddle of June ; for thoſe parts make grazing
the thickneſs of the villages, does wonderfully charm | ,1vir chief employment.
the eyes of the Spefators. Amongſt the villages, | Afer the Parrer has receiv. this river, it viſits a
thoſe of moſt note are, Orchard, which had it's Lords large and populous town, commonly call'd Bridge- n:iage-
of the ſame name, from whom it deſcended, by in- | ,, arer, as *tis thought from the bridge and the watey ; water:
heritance, to the Portmans Knights [ e ]; next Hach- | 4 4 cient Charters refare that conjeure,
Beauchamp, and then Cory- Mallet, the latter part | ,þ; 4 Jlways call it expreſly Bugb-Walteriz and it
whereof is added becauſe of the Lords. For it was | ;. highly probable, that it took that name from Wal-
the ſeat of the Mallers, of Norman extraction, from |,,, = 5, ay who was a ſoldier under William the
whom it came in a ſhort time, by an heirels, ro the | Conqueror, and had many Lands beſtow'd on him
« Pointzies. Of which family, Hugh, in the time of |; (1s County. Nor is it otherwiſe call'd in that
Edward 3, was reckon'd among the Parliamentary. Charter, wherein F/k Paynel Lord of Bampton gave
Barons; and fome others of it are at this day Knights the poſlefiion of this place to William de Briewer, to
of great worth. Bur as to the Beaucham F, otherwiſe ingratiate himſelf with that perſon, who was a parti-
call'd de bello campo, they have flouriſh'd in great ho- | cular favourite of K. Rich: 3. The fon of this William,
nour from the time of Hen. 2. eſpecially ſince Cecil | ,F the. fme name with the father 7, having licenſe
de Fortibus, deſcended from'the Earls de Ferrariis, and granted him by K. John to fartifie a caſtle, built one
from that famous Marelchal of England 7illiam Earl here, which now time has deſtroy'd; and began a
of Pembroke, was married into this family. Bur in | bridge, which was finiſh'd at great expence by * Tr;-
the reign of Edw. 3. the eſtate was divided by fiters |. nobleman of Cornwall 's Bur when #ikem
berween Roger de S. Mauro or Seimore, and 7. Meriet, | j, v.:... the younger dy'd without iſſue, by parti-
both of them ſprung from ancient and honorable An- | tion it fell to Margaret his ſiſter, by whoſe daught
ceſtors. This was the. cauſe why Hen. 8. after he | 1:4 ne bore to 1illiam '9 de la' Fert, it came to
had marry'd Fane Seimor, Edward the fixth's mother, | 4. family of the Chaworths or de Cadurcis, and from
made Edward Seimor her brother, Viſcount Beau- | (hem by inheritance to the Dukes of Lancaſter ** ;
champ '+; whgm Edw. 6. alterwards advancd tothe |. the greateſt honour it ever had, was, being made
honour ot Duke of Somerſet. - F a County by King Hen. 8. upon his creating Henry
Next, where Thone mixes it ſelf with the Parret, Daubeney, Earl of Bridgewater [ee]; whoſe filter and Earl of
x}. there is made a River-Iſland formerly call'd «rhe | _, -. Cecil was marry'd to I Bourchier, the. firſt nn
lingey, i. &. an Iſland of Nobles, now commonly | p...1 f 2.5 of that family.
Athelney, which 1s to us no leſs remarkable for King Below this, at a few miles diſtance , the Parret
Alfred's par away gay when the Dane made ha- throws it ſelf at a wide mouth into the Severn-Sea,
rock of all before him ; chan are thoſe Min: urnenſian | ..11'd ( as we obſerv'd before) the Xſtuarie Uzella yzz1!s.
fenns to the Italians, for being a hiding place to Mari- by Ptolemy ; and by ſome at this day Evelmouth,
us. For to that King (as an ancient Poet writ of him, ) | but by the ancient Engliſh, * Pedpedan-mus : where,
i 9 os
\C\WLE
—_—_ > —_y—— ——_
Mixta dolori. ( as Marianus tells us) about the year 845. Ealſtan
Gaudia ſemper erant, ſpes ſemper mixta timori. Biſhop of Shirhurn routed the diſpers'd army of che
Si modo wittor erat, ad craſtina Cella pavebat, Danes. At the ſame AX ſtuavie *: we meet with ano-
Si modo witns erat, ad craſtina cella parabart. ther river, which ſome call Brias, rifing out of chat
Cai weſtes ſudore jugi, cur ſica cruore | ſpatious wood in the eaſt = of this County, (call'd
Tin&#a jug, quantum ſit onus regnare probarunt. | by the Britains Coirmaur, by the Saxons Selwood, i. &. Sclwood.
Allay'd with grief his cautious joys appear'd, \* as Aſſer interprets it, a great wood ) not far from
yore hho the moſt, the he fear'd. | Pen, an inconliderable village, where the God of
Conqu'ring, h' expected ſtill the rallying foe ; ' war ſeems to have conſpir'd the extirpation of the
O'ercome, he fitted for a ſecond blow. : Britiſh name, * and alfo the utter ruin of the Danes.
mp
ms
1 Denarii S. Petri circiett, in the Text. The learned Selden is of opinion, the laſt word ought to be read Circſeti, but has lefr us no reafon for
I | . .
bi ' Id indeed bear the interpretation of the Founder of the Church, a character agreeable enough to the perſon of St. Peter. Bur
« ahpage 009" DOR is ccaindy Cireſceati, om Sceat, i. e. revenues, or riches ; implying the Perer- to be the Revenues of the Church. .
+ Fedridan-muth in the Saxon Annals. # See Florence of Worceſter, p. 317. # The Danes, norwithitanding, were too hard tor Erheired, who
encounter'd them here, An. 1001. In the adjoyning pariſh of Mcre there are ſtill the remains of theſe engagements, namely, four Camps; one
Whereof particularly, having a doable ditch, appears to have been a Daniſh work.
4 And d, whom King Edward 6. afterwards honour'd firſt with the name of Lord and Baron Seimor to be annex'd to his other
titles, leff ; be King joink in the Farene ) the = of his mother's Ts ſhould be overſhadow'd with any other ſtile ; and yet afterward crea-
ted him Duke of Sometſct. 's Parret bavine receiv'd the [ame river, runneth alone joedbg with certain [andy jhelves ſometifne in his channel, by
th . Per rently acknowledzing the Bluets to have been Lords thereof, who are thought to have brought that name from Bluer
i Liecks Brie. -q Which ab it ſelf near Caltle-Cary, which William Lovel 7] thereof hel ay K. Stephen in the behalf of Mawd
the Empreſs right Inheritrix : the Crown of England ; whoſe iſſue-male failing in the time of K. Edw. 3. by het H female it came to Nicholas de
S. Maure, a Baron ( of a diſtin family from that which was a few lines befare-mention'd;) and -— afier, about rhe t1mne of _ 5. by Fog ber
female, again te the Lord Z-aches of Rerriagmenths as 4 moiety of the lands of Lard Zach of Aſhby de 1« Zuch came before y _ rs tot - houſe
of this $. Maures. But when the Lord Touch was at tainted by K. Henry 7. for aſſiſting K. Richard 3. thus Caſtle Ws __ the King to Roberr
Willoughby Lord Brooke, as his lands at Bridgewater ts the Lord Daubeney ; and then he was reſtor'd in biood. ow i e Cary this water paſ-
* ſeth by Lites-Cary, to be remembred in reſpect of the late owner Thomas Lyte, 4 Gentleman ſtudios of all good ry yy". > a ſo ro SI wo
17 Better'd this haven. 1 Strivet in Ho/land, *'» Whe founded alſo the Hoſpital of St. John here, and Durkeſwell- Aboey. 9 De la Fort. *- &
ſome lands hereabout, 7 another fer came to Brees, and ſo by Cantalupe to Lord Zouch. 2?" Where we ſaw Honiſpell, an ancient manour of t
ame i
Cogans, men of great conqueſt of lreland. For
B
FE
Fr LU
For Keniwalch, the Weſt-Saxon, gave the Britains
ſuch an entire defeat in this place, that they were
never after able to make head againſt them : and
many apes after, in the ſame place, Edmand Ironſide
had a memorable victory over the Danes, whillt he
urſu'd from place to place Knuare the Dane, who
ad poſſeſs'd himſelf of the kingdom. This river firſt
viſits Bruiton, and gives it that name ; a place famous
for the tombs of the Mojons, who there built a Mo-
na :* : and running a long way thro* nothing
but ſmall villages with the encreaſe of a few rivulets,
it waters ſome fruitful fields ; ill meeting with a ſofter
foil, it in a manner ftagnates, and makes an iſland
calld formerly Avalon in Britiſh, from the apples
there, afterwards Þis-Witrin, i.e. a glaſſy Ifland, and
in the ſame ſenſe Glayen-ey, as in Latin Glaſconia.
A Poet of pretty good antiquity has theſe verſes con-
cerning it,
Inſula pomorum que fortunate wocatur,
Ex re nomen hbabet, quia per fe ſinguls profert.
Non opus et ills ſulcantibus arvs colovnis,
Ommis abeit cults, nifi quem natura winiſtrat,
Ultro fecundas ſegetes producit, & tberbas,
Nataque poma ſuis pratonſo germane ſybvrs.
The iſle of Apples, truly fortunate,
Where unforc'd goods and willing comforts meet.
Nat there the fields require the ruſtick's hand,
But nature only cultvates the land.
The tertile plains with corn and herbs are proud,
And golden apples {mile in ev'ry wood.
Williamcf In this 33 ſtood * the monaſtery of Glaſftenbury, which
Quitiesof
Glaſlen-
bury.
Arimathea, the fame who bury'd Chrift's body, and
whom Philip the Apoſtle of the Gauls fent into Bri-
rain to preach che Goſpel. For this is attefted both
See the title !
Romans in
britaine, a Tnonaſtick life here for 30 years together. From
hence this place was by our Anceſtors call'd, The
ound of God, the firit ground of the Saints in
#47 rhe riſe and fountain of all Religion in England,
the burying-place of the Saints, the br of the Saints ;
Nor 4s there any reafon w
eftion, fince I have before ſhewn, that the Chri.
coaſts, to the light of knowledge, and haven of faith.
But co return to the Monaſtery, and inform our
ſelves out of Malmesbury' little treatife upon that
ſubjet. When that ſmall ancient Church founded by
Joſeph was waſted away with age, Devi Biſhop of
S. David's built a new one in that place. And when
time had worn that out too, twelve men coming
from the-norch 'of Britain repair'd it ; but at "length
King Ina « who founded a {:hool at Rome for the
education of the Engliſh youth, and to .maintain
that, as alſo to diſtribute alms at Rome, tax'd ever
ſingle houſe in the kingdom one penny) pull'd this
An. 658. down, and'built , that ſtately Church dedicated to
Chrift,; S. Peter, and 'S. Paul. Juft under the roof
whereof, round it, he order'd theſe verſes to be writ :
\ ap tea Syderet montss, ſpecioſa cacumina Sion, |
very little A Libano gewin flore comante, zedri ;
alteration, Coſorum port lati duo lumina mundi,
are in the
ath book of Ore tonat Paulus, fulgurat arce Petras :
Cons Inter Apoſtolicas radianii Iuce coronas,
his Poems ; Dottior hic monits, celſior ulle grads,
partly in Corda per hunc bominum reſerantur, & aftra per illum:
=, __ aocet ifte Ftylo, ſuſcipit ille polo.
at Parisand Pandit iter cl; hic dogmate, clavibws alter,
—_F E3t wia cui Paulas, fida Petras.
Nances. Hic Petra firma manens, ille Architeftus babetar,
Surgit im his templum quo placet ara Deo.
is very ancient, deriving its original from Foſeph of
by the moft ancient Hiſtories of this Monaſtery, and |
an Epiſtle of S. Patrick the Iriſh Apoſtle, who led
and that it was built by the wery Diſciples of our Lord.
| we-thould call chis in
ian Religion, in the _ _ of the-Church,
was preach'dinthis Tfand ; and fince Treculphus Lexo- bal
wvienſis has told us that'this Philip brought "4. ronken na- Dunſtan, a man of excellent wit arudgment, af-
tions, bordering upon darkneſs, and liumg upon the ſea-
lia plaude lubens, wttit tibi Roma {alutem,
Fuls or Apottolicus Gla{comgen irradia:.
A facis hofhyls duo propugnecula ſurgunt,
Quoed fidei turreis wurbs capus orbjs baber,
Hec pins egregio Rex Ing refertzys amore,
Dona ſuo populo now moritura dedir.
Tor in aff eu dive pietatis mberens,
Eccleſiaque juges amplifies opes.
Melchiſedech notjer meryg Rex, atque Sacer dos,
Complevit wer 4 religions opws.
Publica jure regens, © celſe yolatis ſavan,
Unice Povtificum gloria, norma fuit.
Hinc abiens, «linc meriorum fulget bonore,
Hic quoque ge forum Laude perenyis erjr.
The two fair tops that loley Sox grace,
Cedars of Libanus that all ſyrpals !
The world's great lights, and the two gates of heay'n,
Thunder from one, fram one is light'ning giv'n.
Among the blelt Apaſtles chey excel,
Peter in honour, and gn learging Paul.
One ope's mens heazts, and one the ſtarry ſphere,
One guides tw beav n, and One receives us there :
One's doctrine ſhew's aur journey, and one's keys ;
One is the way, and.one the gate of blils.
The builder one, one the foundation laid ;
By both a temple for kind heav'n is made.
England be glad, and pay jult thanks to Rome,
Eternal heakh to Glategbury's come.
Againſt our foes two fortrefſes are ſhown,
That 2ll che world the Faith's great tow'rs ſhall own.
Bleſt Ina, faithful fervant of his .God,
Theſe laſting gilts upon his realm beſtow'd.
Virtue and goodnels all his choughts goſleſt,
The-GChurch's old revenues heeacreaſt,
Our great Meldbiſedech, our prince andprielt.
His equal care of piety and ſtare,
To Crowns and Mitres an example ſer.
In heav'n his works their bleſt reward xeceive,
And here his worthy praiſe (hall ever live.
In thoſe early times, ſeveral oy devout perſons
fery'd God here, and eſpecially Iriſh, who were
maintain'd at the King's charge, and 'inftruced che
youth in Religion and the iberal ſciences. For
chey made choice of a ſolitary life, that chey might
proſecute their divine ſtudies with more reticednef,
and inure themſelves to a ſevere courſe of life to qua-
life them for taking up the Croſs. But at Tength,
ter his reputation.of ſaniry and learning had given
him acceſs to the converſation of Princes, inſtead of
| theſe brought in Monks of a newer Order, namely,
Benediiimes, and was himfſeHh firft made Abbot over
that large body fertl'd there: and thele'by che-bounty
of good and pious Princes, got 'fo much wealth as
even exceeded that of Kings. Afffer they had for
about 600 years together as it were reignd in great
abundance ('for all their neighbours were at their
beck, ) they were driven .ont by Henry 8. and the
Monaſtery, -which by degrees had,grown into alittle
City *4, .demoli{tfd, and laid level with che ,ground :
) | how large and -how ſtately:it has been, may be ga-
; ther'd from the ruins.
| T ſhallbe reckon'd amongthoſe in-our age who are
taken with-every fable, ſhould Iſpeak any thing af
' the Wallnut-tree *5 here, which mever budsbefore the
| feaſt of S. Barnabas, and on thatxery feaſt-day ſhoots
| out leaves *5; or the F Hawthorn-rree*?, which huds +
| on Chriſtmas-day as if ic were in May [ f] ; and yet
' (if any one may be truſted ) theſe things are affirm'd
by ſeveral credible perſons. Before I leave this head,
take in ſhort what -Giraldus'Cambrenſss, an eye-wit-
neſs, has deliver'd at large concerning Arthur's Grave
in this-Ghurch-yard.
of England had learn'd from
When Henry 2. Ki 12lat
the ſongs of the:Britiſh Bards, that Arthur the moſt Tie
often ſhatter'd the Saxons, was 'bury'd at Glaſſen-
was not the Apoltle of the Iriſh.
22 of the Fitz-James,
large-wall a mile about, and repleith'd
ir ely battaing 1.
place. * In 'Wirrakpark hard by. — ”
& Concerning the Antiquities of the Church of Glafſenbury, ſee: Uſher's Aantiquit aces,
Avalonta is fallly aſcrib'd to 8. Patrick, Dr. Ryves un his diſcourſe relating to Grtbing
— —
p-53: fol. # That che Tzeatiſe of the Antiquities of
evidently prov'd ; and 'ſhewn farther, that « Earrick
= Ic was afterwards the See of SavericusBſhop of Buhe. $ce Hoveden, P--459.
*3 Under great hill riſang in great height anith @ tower thereen, which they call rhe Tor.
aa *; in the boly Church. youd,
| *+. Ewuiren'd with 4
*< hut -cho85.15 11089 $one, 571d young free ins the
ÞHury
noble heroe of the Britains, whoſe courage hail ſo **
Grp
%
\
__ fe
Cppns-
SOMERSE-
P ——_——J-
TSR
bury between two Pyramids, he order'd ſearch to be'
made for the body ; and they had ſcarce digged ſe-
ven foot deep, but they light upon a * croſs'd ſtone,
or a ſtone in' the back-part whereof was faſten'd a
rade leaden Crof, ſomething. broad. This being
pull'd out, appear'd to have an Inſcription upon it ;
and under ir almoſt nine foot deep, they found a
Coffin made of hollow'd oak, wherein were repo-
fited the bones of the famous Arthur. As to theIn-
ſcription, which being taken from the of rv was
formerly writ in the monaſtery of Glaſſenbury, 1
thought ir proper to give a dravght of it becauſe of
the Antiquity of it's letters. The kers have a fort
of barbarous and Gothick appearance ; and are a
plain evidence of the barbarity of the age, which
was ſo involr'd in a fatal fort of miſt, that no one
was found to celebrate the name of K. Arthur. A
fubje& without alt diſpute worthy the parts and in-
vention of the molt learned ; who by praiſing fo
great a Prince, might have procurd to themſelves
the reputation of wit. For that {trong bulwark of
che Britiſh government may juiily ieckon this amongſt
his greateſt misfortunes. that the age did not afford
C7 Panegyrilt equal to his Virzucs. But now take a
view of the Croſs and Inſcription.
4
[
LC [&
Y/
F<
l &
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TIA THO (np;;, /
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E xhibitura dies. Reges ſupereminet omnes,
Solus preteritis meliar, majorque futuris.
From this bleſt place immortal Arthur ſprung, 5
Whoſe wondrous deeds ſhall be for ever tung ; 6
Sweer muſick totheear, ſweet honey to the rongue. ),
Look back, turn o're the great records of fame,
Proud Alexander boaſts a mighty name.
The Roman Annals Cxfar's a&ions load,
And conquer'd monſters rais'd Alcides to a ged.
Bar neither ſhrubs above tall pines appear,
Nor Phoebus ever fears a rival ſtar ;
So would our Arthur in conteſt orecome
The mightieſt heroes bred in Greece or Rome.
The vnly Prince that hears this juſt applauſe,
Greateſt that e're ſhall be, and belt that ever was.
But this Heroe ( to obſerve it by the way out of
Ninnius, if it be worth our notice ) was catl'd Mah-
Uter, 1. C. a borrible ſon, becauſe from his childbood bs
was of @ cruel temper ; and Archur, which fiauifies m
Britiſh @ horrible bear, cr an irow hammer to break the
T grinders of Lyons.
Fake alto if you pkaſe ſome other monuments | of
this place | tho' not altogether fo ancient, being out
of William of Malmsbury, #hat is a myſtery to all
mankind, I would willingly ſet down, if the truth could
only be hammer'd out ; i. &. what thoſe Pyramids mean,
ſome foot diſtant from vhe old Church, and facing the
Monks Charch-yard. The bigher , and that nearer tha
Church has frue ſtories, and is 26 foot bigb. This th# it
ready to fall down for age, has yet ſome monuments of
antiquity plainly legible, but not ſo plainly entelligible. For
in the uppermoſt ſtcries, there is an nnaye. of an Epiſcopal
figure. In the ſecond, an image ſhowing ſomething of 4a
King-like pomp, and theſe letrers, HER. SEXT. and
BLISWERH. I the third too are theſe names, W E.M-
CHESTE. BANTOMP. WINEWEGN. =#Þ the
fourth, HATE. WVLFREDE. and EANFLEDE.,
In the fifth, which is the lowermoſt, an image, and this
writmg, LOGWOR. WESLIELAS, and BREG-
DENE. SWELWES. HWINGENDES. BERNE.
The other Pyramid is 18 foot bigh, and has fuur ffories, in
which are written HEDDE biſhop, and BREGORRED,
and BREOR WALDE.
What theſe may ſignifie, I dare not raſhly deter-
mine ; but only make a ne conjecture, that the
bones of thoſe men whoſe names are writ on the out-
ſide, may be laid in hollow ſtones within. As for
LOWOR, he is poſitively affirn'd to be the perſon
from whom the place now call'd * Montacute was for-
| merly nam'd LOGWERESBEORH. And BEOR-
| WALDE too was Abbot after HEMGISELUS.
To give a liſt of the Weſt-Saxon Kings bury'd
here, would be beſide my buſineſs. Yet I cannor
but mention Edgar the Peaceful, (if it wereupon no
other account but that he always endeavour'd after
peace) and ſubjoyn his Epitaph penn'd very well for
that age :
Auttor opum, wvindex ſcelerum, largitor honoruw,
Sceptriger Edgarus regna ſuperna petit.
Hic alter Salomon, legum pater, orbita pacis,
Qudd caruit bellis, claruit inde magis.
Templa Deo, templis monachos, monachis dedit agros.
+ Molz.
Pyramids
ar G atkn-
bury.
rus
Edgar the
Peacctul.
Novit enim regno verum perquirere falſo,
Immenſum modico, perpetuimque brev;.
Nor will it be improper to ſubjoyn what our | Edgar to heaven,
He that good actions did with honours crown,
| Enrich'd the realm, the daring vice put down,
Nequitie lapſum, Fuſtitieque locum.
which he deſcrv'd, is gone. ©
Countryman Joſephus Iſcanus, no mean or ordinary Our $9Jomon in laws and laſting peace ,
poet, has ſaid of Arthur in his Antiocheis **,
Hine celebri fato felici claruit ortu
Flos Regum Arthurus, cujus chm fatta ſtupori,
Non micuere minis, totus quod in aure volupt as,
Et populo plaudente fawus. Ouemcunque priorum
Inſpice, Peleum commendat fama tyrannum,
Pagina Caſareos loguitur Romana triumphos,
Alcidem domitis attollit gloria monſtrs.
Sed nec pinetum coryli, nec ſydera ſolem
e/Equant : Annales Latios, Graioſque revolve,
Priſca parem neſcit, aqualem poſtera nullum
——— — —
| Yer honour'd more than with a conqueror's praiſe,
| While bold oppreſflionfell and juſtice kept her place.
| Churches to God, to Churches Monks he pave,
| To Monks poſleflions they ſhould never leave.
Thus for a ſhort, a falſe, a bounded reign,
He knew a vaſt, a true, anendle6one to gair,
From Glaſſenbury the three rivers meeting. thers
make” a fort of fenn, and afterwards diſcharging
themſetves ar the ſame little mouth, run weſtward in
one chanel by Gedney moore; or ( as others will have "—_
it call d ) Godney-moore, affirming it to be as much as
—C — — —
So
"3 Whereis he d:ſcriÞd the war; of the Chriſtian: for recovery of the Holy —_ and was there preſent with King Richard 1. ſpeaking of —_—
045
®* Mons acu-
DT EL CE
6!
M:ndippe-
hills.
Ochy hole.
Strabo.
Ps a
people of
Britain,
Paron
B2nvil.
God's Iſland, and that ic was granted to Joſeph of Ari
mathea. Next by Weadmore a Village of Alfred's,
which he gave by his laſt Will to his fon Edward :
and then through that fenny ſpacious tra, ——
which the Monks of Glaſſenbury have interpreted a
country of ferm-frogs, as it's little town Brentkno!, a
ſmall bill of fregs.
From hence to the Eaſt, Mendipp-hills run them-
ſelves out a great way both in length and breadth.
Leland calls them Mznerary-hills, and I think not
amiſs, ſince in old Records they are nam*d Mune-
duppe, abounding with lead-mines, and very good
for the paſturage of cattle [ g]; in theſe there is a
cave of a vaſt kkngth, wherein are diſcover'd ſome
wells and rivulets. Ochiehole is the name of it ; and
the inhabitants thereabouts have broach'd as many
wild fancies concerning it, as the Italians have of
their $ibyll's cave in the Apennine Alps. But with-
out doubt it had the name from Ogo a Britiſh word
ſignifying a cave; as the Iſland Ewubea from a cave
of the ſame nature was call'd by a name like this,
OCHA [h |. Not far from it in the reign of
Henry 8. in plowing they caſt up an oblong plate of
lead *?, defign'd tor a trophee, with this Inſcription :
TI. CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG. P. M.
TRIB. P. VILE IMP. XVI. DE BRITAN.
This ninth Tribuneſhip of Claudius fell in wich
the year from the building of Rome 8c2. and with
the Conſulſhip of Antiſtius and M. Suillius, at which
time a great diſturbance happen'd under P. Ottorius
Proprator of Britain. From the circumſtances of
this time give me leave to infer ſome conjectures.
That this ſame year Claudius had two fignal vito-
ries over the Britains, is atteſted by an ancient Coin
of that Emperour, the beſt evidence that can be.
On one ſide of it is this Inſcription, TI. CLAVD.
CASAR AVG. P.M. TR. P. VHIIL. IMP. XVI.
PP. On the reverſe, DE BRITAN. with a trium-
phant arch, a figure of a horſeman at full ſpeed, and two
trophies. Now who theſz Britains were, that were
conquer'd, Tacitus informs us : for lie fay's that Clau-
dius by the condudt of Oſtorius ſubdu'd two of the
Brictiſh People this year, namely, the cen: and the
Cang:.
But ſeeing the Iceni are as it were in another He-
miſphere, what if we ſhould ſay that this Trophy was
erected in memory of a victory over the Cangs,
a ' ſmall people cornprehended/ under our Belge ,
and that thoſe Cazgt had their abode here 2 For not
far from hence is the Irith-ſea, * near which he places
the Cargi ; and there ſeem to. be remains of the name
Cangi (till left in ſome places hereabouts, as 4n the
hundreds of Cannington and Canis, in Wincaunton,
which is ſometimes calld Cangton ; and Kaingſham,
as much as to ſay, the manſion of the Cangi. Burt let
the reader judge of theſe matters ; for my part (asl
{aid ) I do not go beyond conjecture, but only en-
deavour to trace out the Cangi, * which 1 ſtill hope to
meet with in another place.
Amonegſt theſe hills is Chuton, the ſeat ( it I mi-
ſtake not) of William Bowuil, whom Henry 6. by
the name of I#illiam de Bonuill and Chuton ſummon'd
to Parliament among the Barons, made Knight of
the Garter, and enrich'd his fon by marriage with
Baron Harrington's only daughter, who was then but
young. But when he for want ot adue ſenſe of gra-
titude, ſided with the houfe of York in the Civil
wats 3 as if a Fury had haunted him tor revenge, he
was an eye-witneſs of the untimely death of that his
only ſon, and of Baron Harimgton his granchild by
him, both ſlain in the battle of 7/akefield. And pre-
ſently after, to make his old age as miſerable as could
be, whilſt he was' in earneſt expectation of better
fortune, himſelf was taken in the ſecond battle at
S. Albans, and when his glaſs had well nigh run out,
was beheaded, leaving behind him Cecil his grand-
child and heireſs then very young, but afterward be-
Parliament, declaring him innocent [ j ].
Under Mendipp-bills to the north, is the little vil-
lage Congersbury, 1o call'd from one Congarss a perion
of ſingular lanctity COINS tells us he was the
,onſtantinople,) who here
led the life of an hermit ; and Harperre, formerly a 11ue.
ſon ot an Emperour of
caſtle belonging to a family of the ſame name,
which deſcended hereditarily to the Gornajes, and
trom them to the Ab-Adams, who ( as | have read )
reſtor'd it to the Gornaies *, Southward, not far from
the famous Cave, at the bottom of Andipp-bills, is a
litle city upon a rocky ſoil, and formerly a Biſhop's
See. Leland tells us ( upon what grounds I know
not ) that it was formerly call'd Theodoredunum ; the
name of it now is Welles, fo call'd from the Well;
which ſpring up in all parts of it; ſo Sſa in Perſia
challenge the pre-eminence in this County , both
for populouſneſs and ſtatelinefs of the buildings.
[c has a Church and a College built by King Ina
to the honour of S. Andrew, which was preſently
endow d with large revenues by ſeveral great men.
Amongſt the reſt, King Kinewulph pave to it a
great many neighbouring places in the year 766. For
thus his Charter runs : 1 Kinewulph King of the Weſt -
Saxons, for the love of God, and ( which ſhall not be bere
mention'd ) ſome wexations of our Corniſh enemies, by
the conſent of my Biſhops and Noble-men, humbly make
over by gift a certain parcel of ground to the Apoſtle and
ſervant of God, and S. Andrew , i.e. of Xi Manſions
near the river call'd Welwe, towards the increaſe of the
Monaſtery, ſituate near th: great fountain call'd Wielea.
Which I ſet down both upon the account of it's An-
tiquity, and becauſe ſome are of opinion that the
place took it's name from this river 3*. The Church
indeed is exceeding beautiful, and nothing can be
finer than it's frontiſpiece towards the Weſt, which
is one entire pile of ſtatues curiouſly wrought out of
{tone, and of great antiquity *.
The Biſhop's palace is very ſpiendid, and towards
the ſouth looks like a Caſtle, as it is fortify'd with walls
and a ditch ; and the Prebendaries houles on 'tother
ſide are exceeding neat. For there are&@27 Prebends,
with 19 petty-Canons, beſides a Dean, a Precentor,
a Chancellor, and 4 Arch-deacons, that belong to
this Church. A Biſhop's See was ſettl'd here in the
time of Edward the Elder. For when the Pope had
excommunicated this Edward, upon pretence that
the diſcipline of the Church was quite neglected in
this weſterly part of his kingdom ; he knowing him-
ſelf notwithſtanding to be a nurſing father of the
Church, erected three, new Biſhopricks, Kirton,
Cormwall, and this of Wells, where he made Eadulph
firſt Biſhop. Not many years after, Giſo was fet over yt
this Dioceſe, whom Harold Earl of the Weſt Saxons Bub
and of Kent,gaping alter the revenues of the Church,
did fo perſecute, that this See was alnioſt quite de-
ſtroy'd. But William the firſt, after he had con-
quer'd Harold, lent a helping hand to Giſo then in
exile, and to this diſtreſſed Church : at which time
(as is evident from Domeſday-book ) :he Biſhop held
the town it ſelf, whichgelded for 5o hides. Afterwards,
in the reign of Henry t. Fobn de Villula a French-
man of Tours was eleted Biſhop, and traaſlated the
See to Bath, by which means theſe ewo grew into
one, and the Biſhop has iis title from both ; ſo that
the ſame perſon is {tyI'd Biſhop of Bath and Fl; [k ]:
Which occaſion'd a hot ditpute berween the Monks ,,.
of Bath and the Canons of Hells about the eleion Dc:
ary
14.70 \
ſhop of Bath, being alſo Abbot ot Glaſſenbury, tran: «:*
ſlated this See thither, and was ſtyl'd Biſhop of Glaſ- *
In the mean time ! Sawanaricys Bi-
of the Biſhops.
ſenbury, but that title dy'd with him : and the diffe- ;--
rence between the Monks and the Canons was at laſt
—————
ing marry'd to Thomas Grey Marqueſs of Dorſet,
= Tacitus's Annals, |. 12. c, .2.
. 24. Srillingflect's Orig. Brita. p. 32.
ghe Gornazes, #1 His right name isSavVaricus.
29 Which lay lens at Lambith in the Duke of Norfolk's houſe.
* Upon ſecond thoughts he ſettles them in Cheſhire ; fee that County, rowards the end. Camden's Lotters,
lot's Hiſtory of Staffordſhire, Cap. 1o. Sect. 2. ? It now belongs to Sir Jolm Newton, Who is retured '»
39 Ferily ncar the Church there is a ſpring cal'd S. Andrew's well, the faireſt,
arepeſt, and moit plentiful thai 1 have ſeen, by and by making a ſwift brook.
3" and theCloyſter; adjoyring very fair and ſpaciins.
composd
brought him a large eſtate. Notwithſtanding, this
man s memory Was asit were reſtord to him by Ad of, r
«<,,
P ,
Ci.08,
Croia in Dalmatia, and Pegaſe in Macedonia had their ia kixk,
names from wells or fountains ; from hence alſo this I
" TR - . anc Fe
Church is ca!ld The Church of Wells. Ie may juſtly om, ;
ge)
Phitis
_—
L
SOMERSETSHIR E.
compos'd by that Robert who: divided the revenues
of his Church into ſo many Prebends, and ferrl'd
a Dean, a Sub-dean, &c. | Biſhop Focelin alſo abour
the ſame time augmented the Church with new
buildings; and in the memory of our grandfathers,
Ralph de Sbrowsbery (as fome call him ) buile a very
neat College for the Vicars and ſinging-men near the
north part of the Church ; and alfo enclos'd the Bi-
ſhop's palace with a wall [1]. But in the way
from the palace to the market, 7h. Bekington, Bi-
ſhop, built a very beautiful gate, and 12 ſtately ſtone
houſes of the ſame height hard by in the market-
1193-
Out of thoſe AMimeral-mountains arites the river
Frome, which haſtens eaſtward by theſe pits of coal,
made uſe of by ſmiths as molt proper to foften iron ;
and before it has run any great way, wheeling to-
wards the north, it is the boundary between this
5. County and Glouceſterſhire ; and walhes Farley, a
caſtle upon a hili belonging not many years lince
33 to the Hungertords, where tormerly Humphrey Bo-
! bun built a monaſtery, at a little diſtance from Phz-
' upon this, we are willing to grant that baths were
lips: Norton, a famous market-rown, taking it's name
trom the Church dedicated to S.Philip.
Lower down, is Se/wcoed betore mention'd, a wood
that ſpreads it ſe!t out a long way both in length and
breadth, and is well fer with trees. From this ( as
Echelwerd tells us) the Country was call d ' Selwood-
ſhire ; and a town near it is to this day nam'd Frome-
Selwood, ſupported molily bythe wooilen manutacure.
Scarce two miles trom hence to the welt, is a ſmall
but pretty neat caltlc #4, but by the De la Mares, and
« thence call'd Nonney de [a Mare, which by inheritance
” deſcended from them to the Powlerrs. Not far fron;
whence is Witham,where K.Hen. ,. built a Nunnery *.
And now Frome, encreasd by ſome little rivers our
of this wood, joyns it ſelf to the noble river Avon,
which with an oblique courſe preſently runs to that
ancient City, from the baths calld by Ptolemy
"Tda]e Sigua, i. EC. Hot waters ; and by Antoninus ,
« (6! Iaters of the Sun; by the Britains, 17 ennaint Twy-
in, as alſo Caer badon ; and by the Saxons, Baþan-
ceyzen, hat Baþan, and (tor the concourſe of ſick
people) / Ackmancheſter, as much as a City of Valetu-
ub- dimarians. * Stephanus calls it Padiza, we at this
day Bathe, and in Latin Bathenia. Ir lies low in a
plain nor very large, and is as it were fortity'd on
every ſide with hills of an equal height, which ſend
down | many |] ſprings, to the great advantage of the
ubs, Citizens. In the city it ſelf ariſe three ' hot ſprings,
of a blewiſh and ſea-colour, which exhale a thin fort
zhirs of miſt, and ſomething of Þ an ill favour proceed-
ing from corrupt water mix'd with earth and brim-
ſtone ; ( for the water it ſelf has a ſulphur and bitu-
minous matter incorporated with it.) They are an
effectual remedy to ſuch bodies as by reafon of il]
humou;s are dull and heavy ; for by virtue of their
heat they cauſe ſweating, and by that means the ca-
reer of the humour is curb'd. But it 15s not at all
hours they are wholſom ; for from eight in the
morning till three inthe afternoon, they are extream
hot and boyl up violently, by which they are mud-
ded, and throw up a filthy ſort of ſtuff from che
bottom : ſo that at theſe times they are ſhut up; nor
does any one go into them, till] by their fluces
they have eas'd themſelves of that ituff, and are
purg'd [n]. Of theſe three, that which 1s call'd
The Cro(s-bath, becauſe of a Crols formerly erected in
the middle of ir, is very eaſie,and moderately warm.
Sc...
ood.
| Upon the fide of. it are 12 ſtone-ſeats 0], /and ir is
enclos'd with a wall. The ſecond, ſcarce 200 foos
diſtant; is much hotrer, whereupon 'tis call'd Hhot-
bath,. or Het-bath. 'Nearthele wwo isa Hoſpitalbuile
by Reginald Bilhop of Bathe, to relieve the neceili-
ties of ſick people z and in che mid..le are wo ftreets
rowards the weſt-part of the City. The third;
place. In the middle whereot is a market-houte ſup-
reed by feven outer pillars and a curious arch, built
by Biſhop William Knighte and Dean Woollman tor the |
uſe of the market-people [ m]. All theſe are in che
eaſt part of the town. In the weſt is a Pariſh-Church |
dedicated to S. Cuthberht; and near it a Hoſpital
built by Nicholas Bubwith Biſhop, for 24 poor people. '
through his labours,
which is largeſt, is in the very heart of the City,
| and 1s Call'd, rhe King's of Royal bath 5 it is near the
Cathedral Church, and enclosd alſo with a wall.
It is accommodated with gz ſeats arch'd over, where-
in the-men and women fit apart; and both of them
when they go into thewarter pur on linnen drawers *.
Where now the Cathedral Church ſtands, is former-
ly reported to have been a Temple dedicated ro Mi-
nerva. *Tis without all doubt that Solinus Polybiſtor Temple of
means theſe baths, when he ſays , In Britain there "ne%>
are bot ſprings, richly accommodated with all convenien-
cies for the ſervice of mankind ; their tutelar Deity is
Minerva, m whole Temple thoſe perpetual fires never turn
to embers, but when they go on!, are converted into round
preces of hard ſtone. Notwithſtanding which, Arhe-
nzus afhrms, that all hot baths naturally ſpringing
out of the earth *, are ſacred to Hercwles ; and indeed
amongſt other old monuments almoſt quite detac d
by age, there is here upon the walls ſomething of an
ancient image ot Hercules holding a Serpent in his
hand. But rather than any difference ſhould ariſe
dedicated both to Hercules and Minerva. For the
Greeks have cold us that Minerva was the firſt who
furniſh'd Hercules with a bath after he had gone
I am content, it thus much
may be allow'd me upon Solinus's authoricy, that
ſince Minerva was the tutelar Goddeſs of thoſe
ſprings, this muſt be the ſame city which the Britains
call'd Caer Palladdur, that 1s in latin Urbs Palladie Caer-Palla-
aque, or, the city of Pallass water. For the thing,
name, and meaning do exa&ly agree. The finding
of theſ2 ſprings is by our own traditions referr'd to a
Britiſh King call'd Bleyden * Cloyth, i. e. Bleyden the
fourhſayer ; with what ſhow of truth, I leave to
others. However, Pliny affures us that this Art- Ma- Britains ve-
gick was in ſuch wonderful eſteem among the Bri- p Bon
rains, that they ſeem even to have given it to the
Perſians ; but as to theſe baths, I dare not attribuce
their original to that art. Some of our own nation
roo ſupinely affirm that Julius Cxſar was the inven-
tor. But I cannor but think that it was late before
the Romans came to know them, ſince Solinus is the
firſt that makes any mention of them. The Saxons
indeed about the 44th year after their landing in
Britain, by a breach of Articles renewing the war,
laid ſiege ro this city [ p], but being ſurpriz'd by the
warlike Arthur, they berook themſelves to Badon- , ,. 111
hill, where (tho' in a deſperate condition,) they
fought it out, and were ſlain in great numbers. This
ſeems to be the ſame hill wich that we now call Bax-
neſdown, hanging over a little village near the city,
nam'd Bathftone, and ſhowing at this day it's bul-
warks, and a rampire. I know there are ſome who
ſeek for it in Yorkſhire ; but let Gildas himfelt re-
ſtore it to this place. For in an old-Manulcript-
Copy of him in the Cambridge-Library, where he
treats of the victory of Aurelius Ambrofius, he ſays
To the year of Badon-hill ffege, which « not far jrem
the mouth of Severn, Burt if this will not convince
them, let them underſtand farther, that the acjoyn-
ing vale lying along the river 4von tor 2 great way
trogether, is call'd in Britiſh Nant- Badon, 1. e, the vaic
of Badon ; and where to feek Badon- hi! but near Ba-
don-walley, 1 cannot tel]. Fora long cime after this, the
Saxons fiighted from making any more attempts upon
this City, left it quiet tro the Britains. But in the yeac
D—C_—
| of Chriſt 577. after * Cewalin king 'of the Welſt-
—_
—
r Sealwudſcire Epiſcopatus Shireburnenhs. Ethelwerd, I. 2. c: 11.
MR: 4 WA N11 [4 1ULLUS.
lick, bituminous, and ſulp
in E{tiſh, is doyth or doeth.
/ The ancient Annals call it Ace-mames- ceaſter;and Fiorence ot Worce
t The heat of theſe i: thought by ſome ro be owing to the Sun, which fcems ro be an unaccountrable opmiun ;z as thar of
others referring : to the agitation of the wind. The learned Selden in his notes upon Drayton, affirms it ro be owing to the patiage througs
hurcous veins, or rather a real {ubterranean fre. Se pag. 52.
Fer.
C
Me! A'-
v Heoaxafia gage, 10 Diggeniano, Cent. 5. » [he word
« His right name is Ceaw/iz; and fo our beft Hiſtorians call him.
3* Bus this rich Church was de{poil'd of many fair poſſe/ſions in the time of Edward the 6th, when Eng land felt all miſcries which happen *nder 3
I Cnild-King. 3+ Conf ma of fe
33 To the Lord Hungerford.
guides,
| our round turrets. |
nat ler to che Carthuiians, or Charter-hoalſe-Henks in England; as Hinton wot far off, near Farley-caſtiz, was the [:cona.
3s Which afterwards was ti: firſt houſe, and as 1* were
3 And have their
E 2 DAXONs,
B B \L
G A
Saxons had defeated che Britains at Deorvam 37, this
cicy being both beſicg'd and ſtorm'd, fir it furrenderd
ic {elf to the Saxons; ard in a tew ycars as it. were
recoveting' it ſelf, rook the new name ot Akmance-
fter [q), and grew very ſplendid. For Osbrich in
the year 676. built a Nunnery, and preſently after,
when it came into the hands of the Mercians, King
Offa builc another Church ;-but both were deltroy'd
in the Daniſh Wars [r }. Out of the ruins of cheſc
there grew up another Church dedicated to S. Peter,
ro which Eadgar firnam'd the. Peaceful, becauſe he
was there inaugurated King, granted ſeveral immu=
nities ; the memory whercot the inhabicants itil]
keep up by anniverfary ſports. In the times of Edw.
the Conteſſor ( as we read in Domeiday-book ) i:
gelded for 29 Hides, when the Shire gelded. There were
64 Burgeſſes of the King's, and th of others. But this
flourithing condition was not laſting ; for pretently
aiter the Norman Conqueſt, Robert Mowbray nephew
to the Biſhop et Conſtance, who rais'd a hot rebel-
lion again{t J/liam Rufus, plunderd and burnd it.
Bur ic got up again 1n a thor time, by the alfiitance
of Fobn de Villala of Tours in France, who being Bi-
ſhop of Wells, did (as Malmesbury informs us) ? for
tive hundred marks purchaſe the city of Henry bs
whithcr he: cranſla:ed his See, { * tho! {til] retaining
the name of Biſhop of Wells ) and buiit him here a
new Catheeal. Bur this, noc long ago, being ready to
diop down, Oliver King, Bilhop ot Bach, laid che foun-
dacion of another near ut, exceeding large and {tately ;
which he well-nigh finiih'd. And it he had quite h-
nilh'd it, wichourt all doubt ic had exceeded mo{t
Cathedrals in England. Buc che untimely death of
chat great Biihop. wicn the pubiick diſturbances ®,
and the avarice of lome perlons, who ( as tis faid )
converted the money gather thro' England for that
end, to other uſes, envy'd it this glory | f]. How-
ever, from that time torward, Bath has been a flou-
riſhing place both tor the woollen manutacture, and
the great reſort of ſtrangers ; and is now encom
paſs d with walls, wherein they have fix'd ſome an-
cient images and Roman Inſcriptions to evidence the
Antiquity of che oor! buc age has ſo wore them
out, that they are ſcarce legible. And leſt any thing |
ſhould be wanting to the Dignity of Batb, ic has ho-
nour'd ſome of the Nobilicy wich che cicle of Earl.
For we rcad that Phbilcbert de Chandew, born in Bre-
zapne in France, had that title conterr'd upon him by
King Henry 7. Affccrwards King Henry 8. in the
28h year of his reign, created Fobn Bourchier Lord
Fitz-Warin, Earl of Buch +; who dying in the 31
year of the ſame King, was ſucceeded by Fobn his
ſon, who dy'd in the third year of Queen Elizabeth.
He, belore the death of his father, had Fobn Lord
Fitz, Warin, from whom is deſcended 1/:1iam the
preſent Earl of Bath, who every day improves the
nobilicy of his bicch with the ornaments of learn-
ing [11 |. Geographers make the Longicude cf this
City to be 20 degrees, and 56 minutes; the Lati-
tude, 51 degrees and 21 minutes. For a concluſion,
cake, it you pleaſe, thoſe Verſes fach as they are,
concerning Bathe 53 made by Necbam, who flouriſh'd
4<0 YCars ago.
W— — — — — — ——
—
_— —— ——
Bathonie thermas wvix prafero Virgilianas,
Confetto proſunt balnea noſtra ſeni.
Proſunt atiritis, colifis, invalidiſque,
Et quorum morb:s frigida cauſa ſube#t.
Pravems bumanum 5tabilis natura laborem;
Servit nature legibus ariis opus.
J-ne ſuo ſuccenſa quibus data balnea fervent,
oEnea [ubter aquas vaſa latere putant.
Errorem figmenta ſolemt inducere paſſim.
Sed quid ? ſulpbureum novimus eſſe locum.
Scarce ours to Virgil's Baths the preference pive,
— CCC er ———_
Thus human ills kind nature docs remove ;
Thus nature's kindneſs human arts improve.
They're apt to fancy brazen ſtoves below,
To Which their conſtanc keat the waters owe.
Thus idle cales deluded minds poſlek ;
But what 7 we know that 'cis a fulph'ry place.
Take alſo (if you think them worth your read-
ing) wo ancient Inſcriptions lately diggd up upon
the high-way below the city in Waldcor-tield ; and
remov'd by Robert Chambers a great admirer of Anti-
quities, into his gardens ; where l cranſcrib'd them.
C. MVRRIVS. C. F. ARNIENSIS.
FORO. IVLI. MODE>STVS. MIL.
LEG. I. *AD. ?P. F. IV LL SECV ND.
AN. XXV. STIPEND.
4:1. ->. E.
DIS. MANIBVS.
M. VALERIVS. M.
POL. EATINVS. * C. EQ.
MILES. LEG. AVG. AN.
XXX. STIPEN. X.
H. S. E.
I ſaw likewiſe theſe Antiquities faſten'd on the in-
ner tide of the wall, berwcen the north and weſt
gates: Hercules holding up his lett hand, with his
Club in the right. In a broken piece of itone is this
writing in large and beautitul letters.
* DEC. COLONIA. + GLEV.
VIXIT. AN. LXXXVI.
Next, leaves folded in, Hercules bending two
ſnakes ; 'and in a ſepulchral table between two lictle
images, one whereof holds an Amalthean horn, there
Is written in a worſe character and ſcarce legible,
D. M.
SVCC. PETRONIE VIXIT
ANN. III. * M. IL. * Med
+ Da
Ti. AV. EPO. ©
MVECVS ET VICTISIRANA
| FIL. KAR. FEC.
large letters, is
VRN. IOP.
Berween the weſt and ſouth gates, Ophiucas en-
folded by a ſerpent, two men's heads with curl'd
locks, within the copings of the walis; a hare run-
ning, and underneath in a great ſtone this in letters
a-C:ofs.
VLIA. ILIA.
A naked man as *ewere laying hands upon a fol-
dier; alſo berwcen the battlements of the walls,
leaves, two lying kifling and embracing each other ;
2 footman brandiſhing his ſword, and holding forth
his ſhield ; another footman with a ſpear; and theſe
letters a-croſs on a ſtone.
I VSA
I'S. VXSC.
And Meduſa's head with her ſnaky hairs [t.
Upon the ſame river Avon ( which is the bound
here between this County and Gloceſterſhire, ) on
Keina a devout Britiſh Virgin; whom many of the
laſt age, through an over-credulous temper, believ'd
tind ſometimes in quarries ſome ſuch little miracles
Here old decrepic wretches tnd reliet.
To bruiſes, ſores, and ev'ry coid diſeaſe,
Apply'd, they never fail of quick ſucceb.
of ſporting Nature. And I have ſeen a ſtone brought
irom thence, winded round like a ſerpent, the head
| \ - - . .
; whereof, tho' but imperfe&, jutted out in the cir-
» Malme*bury has it quingentss libris, 1. & 500 pounds.
x He was only ſtiVd B.ſhop of Bath, ſubſcribing bim{lf commonly %amme; Lathon,
as D «tor Gaidor in hs Ms. hiſtory of the place has prov'd by ſeveral inttances.
37 I Gloceſterſhire.
his wife the j:ter «
Flat aiin, who
—
38 And the ſuppreſſon of Religious houſes enſuing. 39 for | |
H. Daubciry Earl of Bridgewater, John, ſecond Earl of this family, who by the daughter of Grorge Lord Roos had John Lord
ceajed before bu father, kaving by Frances the davghtr of Sir Thim.1s Kiiſos of Hingr ave, WNiam, now third Eart of Bathe.
39 Far health twice a year. 42 Who dyed ſhortly after, leaving by
cumferenc?
| File
11(hmet
A little bclow, in a broken piece of ſtone, and cru
the weſtern bank of ic, is Cainſham, ſo nam'd from c;
to have changd ſerpents into ſtones, becauſe they &*
7, of
%
PS. F Ts. "oY te AY —_ RY IR . —_— —}__
_ % «a £
SO M
ERSETSHIR
E.
;opicr,
cumference,-and the end of the tail was in the cen-
cer [u]. But molt of them want the head. In the
neighbouring fields, and other places hereabours, the
heib Percepier grows naturally all rhe year round. It
is peculiar ro England, and one taſtes in it a fort of
cartneſs and binerneſs : 'tis never higher than a ſpan,
and grows in buſhy flowers without a ſtalk. It pro-
vokes urine ſtrongly and-quickiy; and there is a wa-
cer diſtilPd our of it, of great uſe, as P. Pena in his
Miſce!lanies upon Plants hes obferv'd | w].
Scarce tive miles from hence, tt.e river Avon parts
Briftol in the middic, calld by the Eritains Caer
Oder Nant Radon, i. e. the City Odera in Badon valley.
In the Catalogue of the Ancient Cities it is nam'd
other an image of the ſame perſon in Clergy-rhan's
habic, for in his latter days he took Orders, atd was
Dean of the College which himſelf founded at He#-
bury, Hard by it is alſo another Church calld Tem-
ple, the tower whereof, as often as the bell ringe,
moves to and again, fo as to be quite parted from the
reſt of the building ; and there is ſuch a chink from
top to bottom, that the gaping is three fingers broad
when the bell rings, growing tirit narrower, then a-
gain broader. Nor muſt we omit taking notice of
d.Stepben's Church,the ſtately tower u hereof, was in the
memory of our grandfathers built by on2 Shipward *,
a citizen and merchant, with great charge and curi-
ous woi kmanſhip. On the call alſo and north parts
Caer Brito, and in Saxon it is BpigÞepeop, i. e. a fa- | it was enlargd with very many buildings, and choſe
mous place. But *thoſe who have atfirm'd it to be | too included within the walls, being defended by the
the Venta Belgarum, have impos'd both upon them- | river Frome 5 which, after it has paſs'd by theſe walls,
ſelves and the world. The City is plac'd partly in | runs calmly into the Avon, making a quiet ſtation
Somer{etſbire and partly in Gloce#terſhire, {o that it does
not belong to either, having diſtinct Magiltrates of
it's own, and being a county incorporate by it ſelf. It
ſtands upon a pretty high gi ound, between the Avon
and the little river Frome ; what with walls and the
rivers, guarded very well: for ic was formerly enclos'd
with a double wall. Ir caſts ſuch a beautiful - ſhow,
both of publick and p:ivate buildings, that it anſwers
its name ; and there are what they call Goutes ( in
Latin Cloace) built in the ſubrterraneous caverns of
the earth, to carry off and waſh _ che filth | x] ;
ſo that nothing is wanting either tor neatneſs or
healch. But by this means it comes, that Carts are
not us'd here. Ir is aiſo ſo well furnith'd with the
necefliries of life, and fo populous, that next to Lon-
don and York, it may juſtly claim a preeminence
over all the cities in Britain. For the trade of ma-
ny nations is drawn thither by che advantage of com-
merce, and of the harbour, which brings veſlels un-
der fail into the heart of the city. And the
Avon {wells fo much by the coming in of the
tide, when the Moon deſcends from the Meridian,
and paſles the place oppoſite; that ſhips upon the
ſhallows are born up 1x or 12 fathoms. The citizens
themſeives drive a rich trade throughout Europe,
and make voyages to the remoteſt parts of Amerzea. ; ble rank of trees ; amongit which is a i For of
At what time, and by whom it was built, is hard to
ſay : but it ſeems to be of a late date, ſince in all the
Daniſh plunders, it is not ſo much as mention'd in
our Hiſtories. For my part, I aim of opinion it roſe
in the decline of the Saxon government, ſince it 1s
not taken notice of before the year of our Lord 10643.
wherein Hara'd ( as Florence of Worceſter has it )
ſet ſail from Bry:Fow to Wales, with a deſign to in-
vade it. In the beginning of the Norman times,
Berton an adjoyning farm, and this Bri#tow, paid to
the King (as *tis in Lomeſday book) 110 marks of fil-
for (hips, and a creek convenient to load and unload
wares, which they call the Kay. Under this, between The macſ
the confluence of 4von and Frome, is a champain
ground, which is ſer round with trees, and affords a
pleaſant walk to the citizens. Upon the ſouth-eaſt,
where the rivers do not encompals it, Robert, natural
ſon to King Henry x. (commonly call'd Robert Rufus
Conſul of Gloceſter, becauſe he was Earl of Gloce-
ſter) built a large and ſtrong Caſtle for the defence of
his city [a]; and out of a pious inclination, ſet aſide
every tenth ſtone for the building of a Chappel, near
the Priory of S. Fames, which he alſo ereted jul un-
der the City. He took to wife 1M-bil daughter and
ſole heir of Robert Firz- Hamon, who held this city
in fealty of William the Norman. This caſtle yer
ſcarce finiſh'd, was belieg'd by King Stephen, but he
was forc'd to draw off without doing any thing ; and
the ſame perſon, not many years after, being pri-
ſoner there, was a fair inſtance how uncertain the
events of war are. Beyond the river Frome, over
which at Frome-gate is a bridge, one goes obliquely up
a high hill of a ſteep and dithcult aſcent, from whence
there is a pleaſant proſpe& of the City, and haven
below it. This upon the top runs into a large and
green plain, ſhaded all along the middle with a dou-
ſtone, and a Chappel, wherein they ſay that Fordan,
Companion to St. Auſtin the Engliſh Apoſtle, was
bury'd ; but tis now a free-ſ{chool. This place, not
to mention. the private houſes, is beautify'd on all
ſides with publick and ſtately buildings. On one
ſide with a Collegiate Church call'd Gaznts, from its
founder Sir Henry Gaunt Knight, who quitting the
affairs of this wor!d, here dedicated himſelf tro God ;
now by the muniticence of T. Carre a wealthy citizen,
it is converted into a Hoſpital for Orphans. On the
other ſide over again{t it, are two Churches dedica-
wer; and the Burgeſſes return'd, that Biſhop G. had 33 | ted to St. Auſtin ; the one bur ſmall and a Pariſh-
unof marks, and 1 mark of gold ly |. Afterwards Robert
liter,
Biſhop of Conſtance, plotting againſt William Rufus,
choſe this for a ſeat of war, and fortify*d the little
city with that inner wall ( I ſuppoſe, ) part of which
remains to this Cay [z]. Burt a few years after, the
Suburbs began to enlarge on every ſide ; for on the
ſouth, Radcliff, where were ſome little houſes belong-
ing to the ſuburks, is joyn'd to the reſt of the city by
a |tone-bridge, which is ſo ſet wich houſes, that you
would not think it a bridge, but a ſtreet. "This part |
is included within the walls, and the inhabitants hare |
the privileges of citizens. There are hoſpitals built |
in all parts for the poor, and neat Churches for the |
glory of God. Amongſt the reſt, the moſt beautiful |
15 S. Mary's of Radcliffe without the walls, into which
is a ſtareiy aſcent by a great many ſtairs. So large is
it, the workmanſhip ſo exquiſite, and the roof fo ar-
tificially vaulted with ſtone, and the tower ſo high,
that in my opinion it goes .much beyond all the
Pariſh Churches in England | have yet ſeen. In it
the founder W1liam Cannimges has two honorary mo-
numents ; the one is his image in the habit of a Magi-
ſtrate, for he was five times Mayor of this City ; the
Church ; the other larger, and the Biſhop's Cathedra!,
adornd by King Heary 8. with fix Prebendaries.
Now the preateſt part of it is pulld down, and the
College gate, which indeed 1s curiouſly built, has
this Inſcription,
REX HENRICVS IE ET DOMINVS RO.
BERTVS FILIVSs HARDINGTI FILH RE-
GIS DACLE, HVIVS MONASTERII PRI-
MI FVNDATORES EXTITER VNT.
T hat 15,
King Henry 2. and Lord Robert, the ſon of Harding,
ſon to the King of Denmark, were the firſt foun-
ders of chi Monaſtery.
This Robert, ++ Harding's fon, of the blocd-ro; al
of Denmark, was an Alderman of Briitol, and was
ſo great wich King Henry #, that by his favour Mau-
rice his ſon marry d the daughter of the Lord de Bark- garons of
ley : from whence his poſterity, who flouriſh'd in Barkley:
ow ſtate, are to this day call'd Barons of Barkley ; Regiſter of
ome whereof are bury'd in this Church [ aa}.
From hence where the Awven runs, are high rocks N
| on both ſides the river, as if Nature had induſtriouſly
—— _ ts. —_
Oe —————_—
4* 4.4: Baltaple.
s Amongſt the ret, L:{and, in his Comment. upon the Cygnea cantio, pag. 152.
42 Call'd by the Normans Fitz Harding.
43 The ſecond.
deſign'd
4 EY na ia £ = _
—_—
—
COTS
75
DT EL, ca
I
1
—
deſign'd them. One of theſe, which hangs over the
river on the eaſt-ſide, is call'd S. Vincent's, and is [o
Birih ftock'd with Diamonds, that one may get whole
Diamonds. buſhels of them. But the great plenty leflens their
true value among us : for beſides that, by their
tranſparency they even vie with thoſe from the
Indies, they. do not yield to them in any reſpect
ſave hardneſs : but their being ſmooth'd and fild by
nature into ſix or four corners, does, in my mind,
render them more admirable | bb |] The other rock
on the weſtern bank is likewiſe full of Diamonds,
which by a wonderful artifice of nature are contain'd
in hollow reddiſh flints (for the ground here is red,)
as if they were big with young. The Avon, alter it
has paſsd by theſe rocks, is at laſt with a full chan-
nel unloaded into the Severn-#Xſtuary | cc |.
It remains now, that I reckon up the Earls and
rarlsand Dukes of this County of Somerſer. The firſt Earl of
Dukes of
Somerſet.
Somerſet is ſaid to have been William de Mohun or
Moion, the ſame probably that * Maud the Emprels in
her Charter whereby the created #ill;am de Mandevil
Earl of Eſſex, makes uſe of as a witneſs under the name
of Comes IV. de Moion, 1.e. Earl W. de Moion. From
this- time there occurs no diſtin mention of che
Earls of Somerſet, unleſs it be in this Reſcripr of King
Patents an. Hen, 3. to Peter de Mawley, which I will fer down,
1 Hen. 3.
* Arna],
lib. 12.
in order to incite others to ſpend their jadgments up-
on it. Know ye that we have recerv'd the homage of
our beloy'd Uncle William Earl of Sarum, for all the
londs which he holds of us, eſpecially for the County of
Somerſet, which we have given to him with all the
Appurtenances for homage and ſervice, reſerving #tll
to our ſelves the Royalties : and therefore we command you
that you grent him a full ſeiſin of the ſaid County with all
it's Appurtenances, and for the future not to intermedadle
with any thing belonging to the ſaid County, SCC. And we
charge all our Earls, Barons, Knights, and Free-
tements of the County of Somerſet, that they pay Fe-
alty and Homage to the ſaid Earl, with reſerve on-
ly of fidelity to the King ; and that for the future they
be obedient and anſwerable to him as their Lord.
Whether one may from hence conclude that he was
Earl of Somerſet, as alſo of Devonſhire ( for he writ
too in the ſame words to Robert Courtney concern-
ing this Wi/l;am,) I leave to the judgment of others.
Under this Henry 3. (as we read in a Book in French
belonging to the family of the Mobuns Knights ) 'tis
ſaid that Pope Innocent on a ſolemn feltival made
Reginald Mobun Earl of Eſte, i.e. ( as our Author in-
cerprets it) of Somerſer, delivering him a golden
Roſe, and granting an annual penſion to be paid
yearly at the altar of S. Pax/'s in London. So that
b Vid. Hiſt. Marth. PariC. Minor.
++ $:r Eaward, &c.
this man ſeems not ſo much to have been properly
that
created by the Emperour, Imperial Earls) having a
power of licenſing Notaries and Scribes, making Ba-
ſtards legitimate, &c. under ſome certain conditi-
ons. A conſiderable time after, Foby de Beaufort,
filter made legitimate by K. Richard 2. by the
aſſent of Parliament,) was advancd to the honour
of Earl of Somerſet, and afterwards created Marqueſs
of Dorſet; but was preſently depriv's of that ho-
nour by Henry 4. and had only the title of Somerſet
left him. He had three ſons, Henry Earl of Somer-
ſet, who dy'd young ; Fohn, created by K. Henry .
firſt Duke of Somerſet, who had an only daughter
Margaret, mother to K. Henry 7. and Edmend, who
ſucceeded his brother in the Dukedom, and was for
ſome time Regent of France. But being recall'd, he
was accus'd of having loſt Normandy, upon which
account he ſuffer'd many indignities from the peo-
ple; and in that lamentable war between the two
houſes of Lancaſter and York, was ſlain in the firſt
battle of S. Albans. Henry his fon ſucceeded him,
who being a time-ſerver, and one while ſiding with
the houſe of York, another with the houſe of Lan-
caſter, was by the York-party taken priſoner in the
battle of Hexam, and had his levity puniſhd with
the loſs of his head. And his brother Edmund who
ſucceeded him in this honour, the laſt Duke of So-
merſet of this family, after the defeat of the Lanca-
ſtrian party at Tewksbury, was dragg'd, being all
over blood, out of the Church wherein he had taken
Sanctuary,and beheaded. The legitimate heirs male of
chis family being thus extinR, firſt Henry 7. honour'd
Edmund his young fon with this title, who ſoon after
dy'd: andnext, Henry 8. his natural fon Henry Fitz,-Roy;
who dying without iſſue, Edward 6. inveſted 4 Eq-
ward de Santto Mawro, commonly calld Se:mor, with
the ſame ; who being full of Honours, and ( as it
were ) loaded with Tules ( for he was Duke of So-
merſet, Earl of Hertford, Viſcount Beauchamp, Baron of
S. Maur, Uncle to the King, Governonr to the King, Pro-
rettor of his Kingdoms, Dommions, and Subjetts, Lieute-
nant of his forces by ſea and land, Treaſurer and Earl
Marſhall of England, Governour of the Iſlands of Guernſey
and farſey, &c. ) was, as if he had been fortunes
foot-ball 45, on a ſudden thrown down, for but a
flight crime, and that too contriv'd by the treachery
of his enemies; and depriv'd of his honours and life
cogether.
+; (Which never ſuffereth ſudden oycr-greatneſs to laft long.)
There are reckon'd in ths County 385 Pariſhes.
ADDITIONS to SO MERSETSHIRE.
HE general account our Author
has given of the Belge, tho' ir
may in fome meaſure be rue, |
namely, that they liv'd in part |
ot Hamſbire and the ſouth part |
of 1/7:ſhire ; yet by afligning
all TVil:ſ:ire and this County of Somerſet, to thar |
peopie, he may ſeem to have extended their bounds!
too far. And the learned world would do well to
conſider whether Nortb-Wiltſhire and all Somer/etſhire,
might not be as fairly bettow'd upon the Cang, a
people mention'd by * Tacitus. *Tis an opinion fa.
vourd by Mr. Tanner, who has made great ſearch as
into Antiquities in general, ſo particularly into the
affairs of thoſe parts. And truly not without pro-
bable grounds : for beſides what Camden himſelt has
urg'd to ſtrengthen the conjecture, as the Triumphal
Arch found here, erected to the honour of Claudius
r, in whoſe time theſe Cargi were ſubdu'd ;
and the reſemblance of the name in Canningron and
Caming: Hundreds, and the towns of JVine-caunton
and Cainſham : if we conſider two or three reaſons
more, it will appear a little ſtrange why Mr. Cam-
den thould recant, and upon ſecond thoughts place
the Cans: in Cheſhire.
For, 1. The whole courſe of Oforius's march may
ſcem to convince us that the Cang:s liv'd in this parc
of the Ifland ; eſpecially if the Icez; may upon che
the Cavgi ; but before he had fini
over them, the commotions of the Brigantes re-
quir'd his preſence in their Country ; retraxtre ducem,
faith the Hiſtorian : now if the Cangi had inhabited
Cheſhire, they had almoſt laid in his way to the Bri-
gantes, Who therefore could not be ſaid retrabere du-
cem. But after they were ſubdu'd, he comes back,
and ſettles a Colony at Camulodunum, which ( if the
reſemblance of the name, the nature of the place,
and all the ſigns of a Roman ſtation be of any force)
—
Earl, as Apoſtolical Earl 5 for ſo ſuch were term'd in An 4,
e, who were created by the Pope, ( as thoſe * &:
ris of
Dore,
authority and reaſons of a late * Author, be brought + ps
to thoſe parts where the Ikenild-ftreer paſs'd. Affcer he H*:5
had quell'd the Iceni, he immediately march'd againſt ge
kd his Conquelts {-?
&
we may place at 7 Camalet in this County. Beſides, ho
IC ir,
natural ſon to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaſter by $4,
Catharine Swinford, ( being with his brothers and *:
Pix",
Staff
, ,
SOMERSETSHIRE
- ZTHOR
it muſt needs be in thoſe parts, becauſe the Romans
march'd from thence to ſubdue the Siures, from
whom they march'd againſt the Ordevicess And
can we imagine that any prudent General ( as Ofte-
rius no doubt was) would harraſs his Souldiers wich
ſuch a needleſs march as from Cheſhire or Staffordſhire
into South-Wales, and ſo leave enemies behind
him in North-Wales ; into which they would firſt
have bended their courſe, if Camulodanum had been
ſo near it, as * ſome endeavour to prove. 2. Lipſiuss
conjecture of reading inſtead of the Centmagni of
Cxlar, Iceni, Cangi, confirms this opinion ; tor if
that be allow'd, then from Cafar's own words thoſe
kceni and Cangi mult be plac'd in the ſouth parts of
Britain, near the Bibroc: (in Barkſhire,) and the
Segontiaci ( in Hamſhire;) fo that the ſhare of the
Cangi will in all probability fall in Nortb-Wiltſbire
and Somerſetſhire. 3. The memory of thoſe people
preſerv'd in ſeveral names of places beſides thoſe
mention'd by Camden. Such are,Caningan-mepreer
in the Saxon Chronicle ; which are undoubtedly the
marſhes in Somerſetſhire. In Wiltſhire there is the
Hundred of Canings, and in ita town of the ſame
name call'd in old Writings Caningas ; as 1n another
AE Hut.
taffor d-
(.
old Cannings.) And that ancient town ol Caln ( eſpe-
cially if ſpell'd as we find it in Domeſday, Cauna, or
as at this day, Caun) ſeems to retain ſomething of
the name. 4. Why may not the Sev-rn-ſes be that
which Tacitus ſays looks towards Ireland, near which
the Canes liv'd ; and Avon in thoſe ors the Antona
of Tacivus, on the banks whereot Oftorius, before
the 1ebcilion broke out, had made ſeveral garriſons 7
And thus much of the ancient Inhabitants.
* [a] This County of Somerſet was by our Saxon
Fore-tathers call'd Sumuprxzercype, and the inhabi-
tants of it, Sumuprzrar, Sumoprzre, and Sumzp-
yzTaxg. The letter (0) in the firſt Syllable was
brought in by later Writers ; as it_ has likewiſe into
the principal town Somertgn, which by the Saxons
was call'd zumupzon, and by fome of the more ear-
ly Hiſtorians Sumerton.
4 | b] Upon the coaſt of the Severn-ſea lye Por-
x. Jock and Watchet, two ports famous in the times of
the Saxons ; which our Author tells us, An. 886.
lufferd much trom the Danes. + Watchet 1n the year
997. was again harraſs'd by them, and amongſt the
re{t of the neighbours in thoſe welterly parts, ſuffer'd
whatever fire and ſword could inflict. Porlock was
the place where Harold landed from Ireland, ( An.
1052.) who being oppos'd by the inhabitants and
neighbouring people, ſlew great numbers of them,
and carry'd oft a large booty.
More eaſtward from hence, at ſome diſtance from
12. the ſea, is Cannington, at or about which place,
in the year 1010, the Danes fo much practis'd their
old trade of burning and plunder. The preſent
name agrees well enough with the old * Canin-
- Zan, and the ſituation of it, with the. marches of
that army. Nor does the mzpſcex ( the marſhes )
which is added to it, leſs confirm the opinion, if
Mr. Camden's charater of the whole County be
true, that it is (eſpecially in the winter) extreme wet
and femy. 1 had once thought this the Marſbes in
Kent, and that Caningan was an errour of the Li-
brarians for Cenrtingan ; but upon examining the
courſe of their journey, the miſtake appear'd.
{ c ] Leaving the fccell our next direction is
the river Ivel; near which is Camalet, mention'd by
s Mr. Camden as a place of great Antiquity. + The
hill is a mile in compaſs at the top, four trenches cir-
Cling it, and between each of them an earthen wall.
1», In the yery top of the hill is an Area'of 20 acres or
more, where in ſeveral places, as Leland obſerves,
might be ſeen the foundations of walls. And there
was much dusky blew ſtone, which the people of che
adjoyning villages had in his time carry'd away.
Beſide the coyns, Stow tells us of a ſilver horſe-ſhoe
there digg'd up in the memory of that age; and Le-
land deferibes it in a. kind of extaſie; Good Lord
(lays he) what deep ditches, what high walls, what
precipices are here ! In ſhort, I look upon. it as a wery
great wonder both of Art. and Nature.
T
PTY
North-
_ d ] Not far from hence is North-Cadbury, which por” HR
our Author tells us came into the family of the Bo-
tereauxs by the marriage of [/abella daughter of Fohn
de Moels, It continu'd in the faid 'tamily till + the
death of William the late Lord Botereaux, who dying
2 Ed 4. without wſue-male, this Lordſhip with a
very great inheritance delcended. to Margaret his
daughter and ſole ' heir, marry'd to Robert Lord
Hungerford, from whom it deſcended to Mary Lady
Hundred is Alcamings ( as much polltibly as eld, or
Hungerford their great Grand-daughter , who was
marry'd to Edward Lord Haſtmgs and Hungerford,
tacher to George the firſt of thac ſirname t-arl of
Huntingdon ; in which family ' ict continu'd to the
reign of James x. that Sir Francis Haſtings, younger
ſon to Francis'Earl of Huntingdon being poiſcisd of
the lame, and having no children, did alienate it.
| [e | Ivel continuing it's courfe towards: the ſea,
joyns with the river Parret, which a little more
northward is encreasd by the Thove. Near the head
of this, ſtands Orchard, formerly the inheritance of O:chard.
the Portmans. But: now that family being excin& in
the late Sir William Portman, he has left it to his
Coulin-german by the mother's fide Mr. Henry Sey-
mour, who now enjoys it, and has his reſidence
there.
[ ce] Upon the Parret ſtands Bridgwater, the Earl Farls of
whereof Henry Daubeny dying without iflue-male, Þ*5e%*-
this title lay dead till the 15 of Jac. 1. when it was
conferr'd upon Fobn Egerton, Baron of Elleſmere, Vil:
count Brackley, and fon to the Lord Chancellor Fger-
ton, He was ſucceeded by his ſon Fobn, and this
Fobn by a ſon of the ſame name.
[ f ]} From hence let us go along with Mr. Cam- Glaſſer
den north-weſt to Glaſſenbury, where amongſt other **?
Curioſities he mentions the budding'of a Hawthorn-
rree on Chriſtmas-day, The tree has been cut down
theſe many years ;. yet there are ſome {till growing
in the County from branches of that; as particu-
larly, one in the garden of. i/liam Stroud Elq. pol
leſſor of the ground where the other ſtood ; ano-
ther in the garden . of the White-hart Inn, in Glaſ+
ſenbury.
[ g ] Farther northward are- Mendippe-bills, famous wengippe:
for the lead-mines; free for atty Engliſh-man to bills. =
work in, except he has forfeited his right by itealing
any of the oar or tools of the others, And their law
or cuſtom in - that caſe is very; remarkable. The
Groviers (for ſo the Miners are call'd, as' the pits
they ſink are call'd Groves ) living at ſome diſtance
leave their tools, and the oar they have got ſome-
times open upon the hill, or at beſt ſhut up in
a ſlight hutt. Whoever amongſt them ſteals any
thing, and is found guilty, is thus puniſh'd : He's
ſhut up in a hutt, and then dry fearn, furzes, and
ſuch other combultible matter is puc round it, and
fire ſet to it.
has his hands and feet at liberty, may with chem ( if
he can ) break down his hutt, and making himſelf a
paſſage out of it, get free and be gone ; but muſt ne-
ver.come to work, or have to do any more. on the
hill, This they - Call Burning of the hill. There 1s
thereabouts, lying between Hrinton and Backwell.
About the weſt-end- of Mendippe-hills is found plenty
of Lapis Calaminery, : lying near the ſurface of the
earth. This calcin'd and mixid with copper, . makes
braſs. Here are alſo ſome veins of Magneſia or Man-
goneſſe, and of Tellow Oker. |
Ch] In thoſe hills is Ochze-hole, otherwile- calld wockies
Waockey-hole ; which latter is certainly the right, com- 9s
ing from poc, which does not imply any holtowneſs,
bole ; but ſignifies crooked, or ( a5: he allo. obſerves) on Poly-
creeky ; not but that poc might come. from:ehieBri, * 275
tiſh Ogo ; fo that Camden'sconfeture may. be perfi-
nent enough. The inhabitants bave broach'd-irange
and extravagant: fables concerning this: cave t'paſe
ſing by thoſe. as impertinent, the piace is in.it {elf
ſo remarkable, as very well to deſerve: our notice;
From a vety. narrow entrance :4t opens into a large
| yault, the roof whereof (either''for- it's. height gf
the thickneſs of the air ) they who go in canrier.'dif-
cover by tho, light 'of: candles':they carry, with
them,
When 'tis on fire, the Criminal who "
lead alſo dug on- Broadwell-down, and other parts Broad-welh
as + Selden would bave it, for' that is exprels'd-by: + wore vp:
78
— —
19 B E L
G6 @.
them. After having clamber'd over ſeveral rough and
unequal paſſages amongſt the moiſt rocks, you come
at laſt to a ſtream of very clear cold water. In feve-
ral places of this Cave, one may fee that the drop-
pings of water encreaſe the rock, and turn into ſtone
in ſome places hanging down like icicles.
Churon. [1] neſt thoſe hills is Chron, famous for the
ſeat of William Bonwill, who lies interr'd with his La-
dy in the Chancel at Chuton. It is now the Mannour
as well as title of the preſent Lord Waldgrave, whoſe
father, by K. James 2. was created Baron Waldgrave
of Chuton.
Towards the north is Chue Magna or Biſhops-Chue,
where is dug up a red bole, call'd by the country-
Choe Vag-
na or Bi-
place is a gap as it were cut into the hill, which af
tords a narrow paſlage for travellers berween, and has
ſtupendous high rocks on both ſides ; famous in
the foot of theſe rocks riſe a great and' clear fpring, ©
which within a quarter of a mile of the ſource drives
12 mills,
n ] From Wells let us paſs to Bath, famous for it's g,,,.
Waters; in deſcribing of which , our Author, for
want of due informanon, ſeems to have fell into an
error, He tells us, that from eight inthe morning till
three in the afternoon, they are ſo filthy, thar no
body goes in. And * Selden is drawn into the mi- + ,,,,
ſtake, delivering Mr. Camden's ſenſe in other words. ?»
__—_ people Reding, from thence diſtributed all over Eng-
land for the marking of ſheep, and fuch other uſes :
it is alſo often us'd by Apothecaries inſtead of Bolws
Armenrs.
A mile eaſt from Chue-Magne, on the ſouth-ſide of
the river Chue, lies Stanton-Drew, * where is to be
ſeen a monument of ſtones like thoſz of Stone- henge in
Wilcſhire : but theſe being not altogether fo big as
the Stone-herge ones, nor ſtanding in ſo clear a plain,
the hedges and trees mix'd amongſt them have made
them leis taken notice of.
Seanton-
drew.
* Aubr.MS.
Stowey,
the ſide of the hill above the Church, riſes a large
ſpring that is never dry. The water coming from
thence as it runs down through Stowey, covers the
things it meets in it's way with a ſtony cruſt. This
effect it has not in the very ſource, nor within 20
yards where it riſes : the place where it works moſt,
15 about forty or fifty yards from the riſing, at a
Two miles ſouth of Stanton Drew, at Stowey, on |
How it might be in their times, F dare not pofitive- ©}
ly determine ; bur 'tis certainly known as well to the
Inhabitants as others who go there, that the bath
may be enter d without danger at any time; and in
the hot weather when the ſcum ariſes, the guides of
the bath muſt rake fome time to cleanſe the water,
(which they generally do at their coming in ; ) and
many bathers are in the morning in bath till dinner-
time, without any prejudice from the fcum.
[ o] The diſtances of the baths, and number of
ſeats, are different from that account our Author has
left vs. At the Crof-barh there are 16 arches of ſtone
| for ſeats. Berwixt Croff barb and Het-bath are not 209
feer (as Mr. Camden,) nor full 60, but upon an
exact meaſure 58 and a halt. In the Kimg'*s-barb there
are but 28 ſeats arcuats oper, as he calls them, 1. e.
| arched : there are indeed other ſtone-benches ſet there
; on purpoſe to ſit upon.
[ p |} As for the time of it's being beſieg'd by the
fall higher than a man's head, There it ſheaths | Saxons, it could not be about 44 years after their cq-
every thing with ſtony caſes, and makes the ſides of
.the bank hard rock ; and from thence all along it's
ſtream, it covers ſticks, &c. with a cruſt. See a larger
deſcription of it in a letter from Mr. Lock, inſerted in
Boyle's Hilt. of the Air, pag. 140.
{ k ] Returning ſouthward over Mendippe bills, we
meet with 7s, where our Author tells us was a
Biſhop's ſeat, ill Fobn de Villa in the time of King
Hen. 1. removing it to Bath, the Biſhops were call'd
Biſhops of Bathe and Wells. But it is obſervable, that
almolt 200 years after fobn, the Biſhops were only
call'd Biſhops of Bathe, and ſometimes of Glaton, but
not of Wells. So that our Author affirming afcer-
wards when he comes to Bathe, that this John did re-
rinere Wellenſis Epiſcopi nomen, i. e. ſtill keep the title
of Biſhop ot Wells, muſt needs be in a vulgar error.
For Biſhop Godwin, in his Engliſh Tract of the Bi-
ſhops, expreſly ſays, that he renounc'd that title of
Wells when he came to Bathe. And Dr. Guidotrr, in
his accurate hiſtory of Barhe ( which is now ready
for the preſs ) proves the ſame by fubſripiion and
nomination to that time.
The Biſhop's palace, our Author informs us, was
encompatls'd with a wall by Raulph of Shrowsbery. But
this was certainly done by Ralph Erghum (the tourth
Biihop after Strowsbery ) who hniſh'd this work and
his life together, 10. Apr. A. D. 1400. whereas
Shrow'sbery dy'd 14 Aug. An. 1336. The truth of
this ( as Dr. Guidott informs us) is evident from a
Record made by a Monk of Bath who liv'd at the
fame time, and not long after in a Menology to the
rv. of April writ as follows : Obiir Domimus Radulphns
Epilcopms Bathon. © IWell. iſto die Sabbati ; qui wallavit
murs & feſſis palatium Epiſcops apud Wells, & jacet ibi-
dem, \ Ammo Dom. MCCCC. litera Dommicali C. 1. e. On
that Sabbath dy'd Ralph Biſhop of Bath and Wells,
who made a wall-and a trench about the Biſhop's Pa.
lace at Wells, where he lies bary'd, A.D. MCCCC.
the Dominical Letter C. This Book was writ by
the: Monk, An. 1428.
{mm J As to the Market-place which Mr. Camden
takes 'Hotice of, it is commonly call'd 7he Cre; and
beſide char, there has been builr a fair market-houſe of
late years between the ſaid Crof, and the gate which
leads td the palace.
. Weſt of #1, juſt under Mendippe-bills, lies Cheddar,
famous for che excellent and prodigious grear Cheeſes
made there, ſome of which require more 'than one
mag's ſtrengeh: to ſer-them on the table. Above this
Wells.
ming over. That fiege was laid An. 520. which is
69 years from their landing, according to Bede's ac-
count ; or if we take Mr. Camden's ſtate of the caſe
to be right, and fix their entrance in 428. it will
amount to 92 years, which is yet farther off.
[ q ] when this place took the name of Akmance-
fer, cannot be preciſely determin'd ; but probably
long after it's ſurrender to Ceawlim. Dr. Guidot (who
has taken great pains in ſearching into che Antiqui-
ties of this place ) is of opinion it could nor be till
the time of K. Aled, An. 880. but is rather inclin'd
to believe it go years after, near the year 930. in the
time of Arbelban
[ r | For the founder of the Monaſtery there in
656. there is no ſuch perſon as Ofbrick about that time.
' His name ſeems to have been Ofrick or O/r;c:&s, not
he of that name who was King of Northumberland,
but Wicciorum Regulas, a petty King of the Wiccians.
And as for the new Church ariſing out of the ruines
of this and Ofa's Church, after the Daniſh War ; the
learned Doctor, upon a moſt accurate ſearch into
| the records of the place, finds, that the Church where-
in Edgar was crown'd, was the very building raisd
by Offa, which ſtood ſome years after. And after
Otffa's time there was no new Church buile till the
year roro. when Elphege, Archbiſhop of Canterbury,
founded one.
[1] Our Author obſerves, that Oliver King built
here a ſtately Church. *Tis probable, that in me-
mory of him theſe two verſes were engraven, which
are to be ſeen ſtill on the weſt end of this Church.
The trees goeing to cheeſe a King,
Said be to us thou Oirver King.
As for the Inſcriptions, tho' they are pretry accu-
rate, yet I think we may venture to ſay, they are
not altogether free from miſtakes; and that upon the
authority of a perfon, who has not only actually
view'd them, bur fpent alſo a confiderable time upon
a Hiſtory of the place.
In the firſt, which hegins C. MVRRIVS, and the
third line, berween the P. F. and IVLI. there ought
to be a pretty large breach of about 4 or 5 Letters,
which 1 think one cannot better ſupply, than b
reading it MANIPULI; not only becaufe *tis mo
agreeable both to the ſc:{e, and the Tpace of that de-
fe& which appears in the ffone; but alſo becauſe the
initial I of Mr. Camden's TIVLI has fo much of a
turning joyn'd to the wpper part, as plainly ſhews ir
to
this Country under the name of Cheddar Cliffo. At chevzy
kk ©V af v_Þu « DTD A Jus &s
muati-
CY wr toe ern Wo eo - *
— ———_— — — —
—-
SOMERSETSHIKRE.
—_—
who had no eminent Poſt, and ſo could not be any
way remarkable for his condu. In the qth line che
N in AN. is doubl'd. The laſt letter E is not now in
che ſtone, being ſwallow'd up probably in a fiure
crofling it.
In the ſecond, which begins DIS. MANIBUS.
and the third line, what our Author makes POL.
from the ſenſe of the aa up undoubtedly FIL.
In the ſtone, the F is cloſe joyn'd to the I. which
makes it at firſt look ſomething like a P. The EA-
TINUS is LATINUS, and the cauſe of the miſtake
appears to have been two little ſtrokes in the upper
part of the L, which in the ſtone has this ſhape F.
The firſt ſyllable of the fourth line is contracted in
this manner , |. and the AUG. thus d:4 In the
4th line inſtead of XXX we are to read XXXV. the
V being plainly link'd wich a branch of the laſt X.
and inſtead of X is to be put XX. |
In the third, which begins DEC. COLONLE. the
laſt part of this word appears thus in the ſtone
O IB N the ſpace being occaſion'd by a hole which
has WN the O. In the ſecond line, the IT in
VIXIT is expreſsd thus C i and between the
LXXX and VI is ſomething much like a Q, but of a
ſize leſs than the other Letters. The Inſcription
when entire did probably conſiſt of 4 lines at lealt.
In the fourth, the NI in PETRONLE is thus
contracted » In the third line ANN. III. not ITT,
and in the fourth D. IX. inſtead of D. XV. the V
being joyn'd to what Mr. Camden ca!ls EPO. inſtead
of VR O. i. e. VETRO or VETERO. S$o that
VETROMVLYVS or VETEROMVLYVS was pro-
bably the Father's name. The ET is exprefs'd as in
VETRO, and the TI as IT in VIXIT in the ſecond
Inſcription, only wichour the ſtroke through che mid.
dle : ba that word is VICTISARINA. not ( as our
Author has. ie) VICTISIRANA.
[11] williem, the laſt Earl of rhis place, which our
Author -mentions, dying 12 Jul. 1623. left this ho-
nour to Edward his only ſon then living, who-having
no iſſue-male that ſurviv'd him, the title, upon his
death, came to Sir Henry Beurchier, as ſon to Sir George
Baurebier ( who was third fon to John, the ſecond of
that name, Earl of Bache.) This Henry dying wich-
out iſſue, An. 1654: theticle lay vacant cill K. Ch. 2.'s
reſtoration when,among other honors,it was conferr'd
upon- Fohn Grenevil, for his eminent Services to that
King, and his being particularly inſtrumental in
bringing about that happy change. |
The Pl for ſome miles about Bathe,eſpecially to the
weltward, as at Coffon, and thereabours, is fo very fto:
ny, that when *teis newly plough'd, one would rather
take the ridges for ſo many pitch'd Cauſeys to walk on,
than for a plough'd land to ſow corn in; fo little of
earth is to be ſeen among thoſe bare ſtonesthe plauph.
ſhare turns up. Yet here my have as'/good whear as
any -in England ; tho), perhaps, not altogether fo
much on an acre as in deeper land. The-Geuntry-
men attribute cheſe targe crops moltly to the'ſtones;
and if thoſe were carry'd off, the earth left-upon the
hard rock wou'd be fo li:tle, that it would not cover
their corn; and fo light, that the wind would blow
It away.
[t } Between Bathe and Briſtol, a little river runs |
into the Avon, * upon which is Stanton-drew, whereof |
the latter part might ſeem to point out ſome relation |
- to the old Druids, bur that Drew is the name of an |
to have been deſign'd for a Þ. The F before it will | whole monument is bigger than Sronebenge, the Dia-
rather bear the interpretation of- Fidels than Relics
(as our Author has 1it,) the former ſeeming more
agreeable to the character of a Soldier, eſpecially'one
meter here being 9o paces ;
ditch. * hs 7 ſs |
Returning to the river Avon, we come to Camſhans
(rather Keyneſbam) call'd ſo from, cE Vireih Kea,
| of whoſe. tamily the Keynes of this County (tome
| whereof are ſtill living ) .atfirm themſelves defended.
But whereas Mr. Camden affirms he'faw a ftone lice
a ſerpent brought from hence with a hrad, ir is 4
miſtake ; for all our Naturaliſts now agree, thar
ſuch ftones are form'd it: Nautil: thells, and thar
there are no heads belonging to them.. Indeed, ma-
ny of them have rough and broken pleces of ſtone
iſſuing, from them beyond the moultted wreath at
the broad end ; which may have led ſome to ima-
gine that thoſe pieces were imperfect heats'; bur re-
ally chey are not ſo. Such kind of ſnake-ftones of all
ſizes from above a foot, to an inch or two diamerer,
are found frequently in their quarries.
tho' no appearance of 4
* 7 1 O14
Avon, is Briſtleton, abounding in the ſame ſort of
cole that are brought from New-caftie. - From Brz-
fHeton in ſeveral places of the adjacent Country as far
as Stratton and Mendippe-bills, as alſo Norchward in
Glocefterſpire, are found veins of this cole, which attord
a {trong-and cheap tiring to all thoſe parts. Theſe
veins of Cole are cover'd with a ſhell ofa black kard'
ſtony ſubſtance, call'd wark, which will ſplit like
blue ſlat, but is much more britrls, and not by much
ſo hard; Upon dividing this Fark there.is otren tound
upon one of the ſeparated ſurfaces the perfect ſhape
of a fern leaf, as if it had by a skilful hand. been en-
raven; which as an exact mould .or cal:, receives
the protuberant figure of the like leat ſtanding our on
the other. |
it's Goutes or ſubterraneous vaults ; by reaſon of which,
they draw all things on ſledges, for tear the ſhaking of
cart-wheels ſhould looſen theſe arches.
[y ] About the Conqueror's time they paid thirty
three marks, and one mark of gold to Biſhop G. Who this
Biſhop was, is not Jana © in Domelday, nor any
more than the bare imtial either of his name or See. If
we durſt ſay that G. were inſtead of an S. (for thoſe
ewo letters are not unlike ) Sherborn or Salisbury ( un-
der whoſe juriſdiction it ſeems to have formerly been)
would: ſolve the difficulty ;, but if chat will not do, I
find none of the Biſhop's names about that time begin-
ning with G. If we preſerve the reading, Glewum or
Gleceſter offers it ſelf faireſt ; which tho' annex'd at
times to Lichfield and Worceſter, ſeems notwithſtand-
ing to have had the title of a Biſhop's See.
SE As for the place's being fortified by Robert
Biſhop of Conſtance, it is a miſtake for Geofry, as
appears from Bilbop Godwyn in his Catalogue of Bi-
| ſhops, under the title Exon. And Ocborn in his Chro-
nicon Juridiciale, at the year 1072. tells us, that Geo-
fey -Bilhop. of Conſtance was the Chiet Juſticiary of
England in that. notable cauſe berween Lanfranck
Archbiſhop of Canterbury, and O:lo Pilbop of Bayeux.
Tis poſlible the name of Mowhrey Earl of Northum-
berland, who was nephew to the Biſhop, and his
name. Robert, might lead our Authaqr into an error.
| | aa ] The caſtle which our Author tells us was
buile here by Robert Rufus Conſul of Gloceſter, is
now quite demolith'd and built into a ſtreer. |
[ 2aa } The honour of this place has bcen encreas'd
by giving the title of Earl to Eh Lord Digby of Shrr-
burn, created 20 Jac. r. to whom ſucceeded in the
lame honour George his ſon, and Febn his grandſon.
{ bb ] Mr. Camden makes the Diamonds of S. Vin-
cent's rock admirable for ther ſix corners ; but it we
may truſt our Naturaliſts , they atfure us that 'tis nor
worthy of admiration, ſince ve: y otten Cryals, and
Berills, and even ſometimes your common Sparrs, in
ancient family in the weltern parts ; and the monu- | many parts ot England as well as eilewhere, are of
ment there, call'd the Weddimg, would ſtrengthen
ſuch a conjeture. The occaſion of the name Wed.
dnp, is tradition which paſles among the common
Peale, That a Bride going t0 be married, ſhe and the
re#t of the company were chang'd into theſe tones. They
ae in a circular form, 5 or 6 foot high ; and the |
that figure.
[cc | And thus Avon paſſes into the Severn-/ea ; tho'
before we leave it, it may not be improper to ob-
ſerve, that it furniſhes Br:##o! (at the vernal equinox
or then abouts) with a diſh perhaps nor to be mer
with elſewhere, which they call E/vers. Some time Elves
in the ſpring,the river about Cainſham is yearly cover'd
F
OVer
[ w} Berween this place and Brio!, upon the B:i2!eron.
—
OT; 1 EIN vt rs A AY 9 OO Ae I et yes a
4 - = » — -
[x ] Next, the Avon runs to Briffo!, eminent for Brit.1.
TS LICE
Mk.
cver and co!our'd black with milliens of little eels
ſcarce fo big as a gooſe quill, tho' ſome would have
them a-pazticular ſpecies. Theſe with ſmall ners
they skim vp/in great numbers, and by a particular
way of ordering them, make them skower off their
skins, Peing thus ſtripp'd, and looking very white,
they make them up into little Cakes, which they fry,
nth cat.
Continuation of the DUKE G.
By the attainder of Edward Duke of Somerſer,
that title lay vacant for a long time ; only Sir Roberr
Carr, Knight of the Bath, was by the favour of
King James 1. created Eart of Somerſet ; who falling
under diſgrace upon the account of Sir Thomas Over-
bury's death, and having only a daughter, that ho-
riour was at an end. Upon the reftoration of King
Charles 2. William Seymour, Marqueſs of Hertford, was
for his eminent ſervices reſtor'd to the title of Duke of
Somerſet,and was ſucceeded by William, grandchild by
Henry his third ſon, William and Robert the two elder
brothers dying unmarry'd. William dy'd unmarry'd,
and had for his ſucceffor Fobn Lord Seymour his Un-
cle,who dy'd without iffie. Whereupon,this title was
devolv'd upon Sir Francis Seymoar, the third fon to
Edward Lord Beauchamp, fon and heir to Edward
Earl of Hertford : whoſe poſterity now enjoys it.
More rare Plants growing wild mm Somerſtſhire.
Aria Theophraſti Ger. Alni effigie lanato folio ma- |
jor C. B. Sorbus Alpina F. B. Sorbus fylveftris, Aria
Theophraſti dita Park. FWhite-Beam-rree. On the
rocks over againſt St. Vincent's rock near Briſtol, and in
many other places on hilly and rocky grounds among other
rubs and trees.
Afplenium ſive Ceterach F. B. Ger. Park. Afple-
ba F. B. HOP Hor ſefhoe-ne1ch, Ow the Lills abawt
Bath, and burwees Buth and Marlebircugh. Phyr,
Brit; |
Hedera terreſtris faxatitis Lobelii Park p. 677. Sax-
atHis Gey. emoc. ſaxat. magno fone C. B. Afarina aut
Hederula faxatilis Loh. item Afarina flerilts Savenz
' & Narbonenſis agri ejujderr. Stune Alcbcof. In Jore
places of Somerſethire, as Parkinſcn ſauth, be found #t
quoted among Lobel's papers which came to bu bands.
1 do not much rely Lobel's memery as to the places of
plants, and fear thire will be no ſuch berb found mm thu
Conmry ; jet for the autberity of ſo great @ Botanitt, 1
would not om i. |
Lunaria minor Ger. Park. botrytis F. B. racemoſa
minor vel vulgaris C. &: Moomwore. About tbe Bath,
gpectall a a place call 4 Carey, rvomiles from Brannon, mn
the nexs cloſe to the Charch-yard. Ger. p. 4<6. Scarce a
Connty in England but this plant may ſomewhere or other
be found init ; yet becauſe it #s not commen, and the
knowledge of it deſired by many, 1 thought fit to mention a
particular place for it, but upan Gerard's autbority, not
my own knowleape.
Ornithogalum anguſtifolium majus, floribus ex al-
bo vireſcentibus C. B. Aſphodelus butboſus Ger. bul-
boſus Galeni, ſeu Ornithog. majus flore ſubvireſceme
Park. Aſphodelus bulboſas Dodonzi, ſeu Ornithoga-
lum fpicatum flore virente F. B. Spiked Star of Berh-
lebem with a greeniſh flower. Obſerved by Thomas Wills-
fel on @ hull = miles on this ſide Brifcl in the way ts
Bath. It may be the ſame place mention'd with that in
Phyr. Brit. viz. in che way between Bath and Bradford,
not {* from little Aſhley.
olygonum marictimum long'ds radicatum noftras,
Serpylli folio circinato craffo nirence, forte Polygo-
num lentifolium C. B. 282. & Pred. 138. Polygonum
minus Monſpelienſe Park. 446. Found by Dr. Plukenes
on the Severn ſhore near Weſton fuper mare.
Polygonatum Hellebori albi folio; caule purpu-
nium ſive ſcolopendra, Ceterach Officinarum C. B. | raſcente D: Bobert. Solomon's ſeal with white Hllebore-
Ceterach, Spleemwort, Miltwaft. On the ſtone walls about |
Briſtol, plentifully.
Carduns totnentoſus Anglicus Lob. Ad.Park. Enghſh
woody-headed Thiff le. Obfery/d by Lobel in many barren
leaves and a purphiſh ftalk. In the woods on the north-ſide
of Mendep-buls. y
Rapunculus Corniculatus montanus Ger. lore glo-
boſo purpureo F. B. folio oblongo, fpica orpiculari
fields of this County, particularly near ome My. Stintloo's | C. B. Alopecuroides orbiculatus Perk. Horned Rampi-
bouſe. Thu plant is without doubt the ſame with Car- | ons.
Between Selbury bill and Beacon bill in the way to
duus tomentoſus, Corona fratrum diftus of Parkinſon. | Barb. Phyt. Brit. Upon the credit of which book I do not
Carduus capite tomentofo of d-
emac. Capite rotundo tomentofo C B. And /o C. Bawhine
and Parkinſon deceived by Lobel,urbo in bis Icons grves two
figures FA the ſame Thiſtle, make two ſpecies of one. Th
& found in ſeveral other Counties of England, but not very
frequent.
Ciſtus humilis Alpinus durior, Polii noftratis folio
caridicante' Plukener. Phytograph. Tab.22. Dwarf Cift ns
or Sunflower with Poley-mountain haves. Fornd by
Dr. Plukenet cn Brent downs m this Connty, near the
Severn-ſea.
Colchicum commune C. B. Anglicum purpurenm
B. criocephalus Ger. | at alt rely : only becauſe the place makes it probable, I have
par it down.
Scoradopraſſum primum Cluſit Ger. anec. Allium
riceo capite, folio latiore, five Scorodopraſium
alterum C. B. Great rownd-beaded Garlick cf the | Helms
iſland. Found growing plentifully there by Mr. Newton.
Vermicularis frutex minor .Ger. fruticofa altera
Park. Sedum minus fruticoſum C. B. An Caliſfgecics
eu vermicularis marina aiboreſcens F. B. Shrab ftere-
crop cara char Feund in ihe Holms iſlands m the
Severn ſea by Lobel plentifully.
Vicia ſylvatica multifiora maxima P. B. perennis
Park. Ger. Colchicum F. B Meadow Saffron. In ſome | multiftora ſpicata major Moryſ. biſt. Great-tufted:20004d-
meadows abont Bath, It & alſo found in many meadows | wvetch. In @ wood nigh Bath. Phyt. Brit. Thy » alſo
in Gloceſter and WW
of England.
Equifetum five Hippuris lacuſtris foliis manſu are-
noſis. On @ bog by Smochall a wood nigh Bath. Phy.
Brit. See the Synonyma in the Kentiſh Catalog ne.
Ferrum equinum Germanicum liliquis in fummirate
C. B. Ger. emac, equinum comoſum Park. Ornitho-
podio affinis, vel potids Solez ant Ferro equino her-
|
reeſter fires, and elſewbere in the Weſt | _ in many places in the North and W:ft parts of Engy
land.
Virga aurea maxima radice repente D. Bebere. ai»
rea ferrata latifolia C. B. awea ferratis foliis Park.
aurez\Arnoldi Villa-novani Ger. c-146. atrea five foit-
dago'Saracenica latifoha ferrata F. B. Broad-lecued
indented Golden-rod. Found plentiſwily by the! fide of 8
{malt-rever between Well: and Glaſtenbury, by Mr. Dobirt.
WILT-
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WILTSMWHI RYE.
— OO — ———— —
W.E-L- TS vt tb,
\ILTSHIRE, ( which was alſo
inhabited by the * Belge) isa
mid-land County, call'd by the
Saxons * Wil-fretza, and by the
vu'gar Latin | Hiſtorians } Wil-
toria, from it's once chief Town
Wilton, which alſo took it's name from the river Wilh.
It is bounded on the Welt with Somerſerſbire ©, on the
Eaſt with the Counties of Berks and Southampton, on
the North with Gloceſterſhire, on the South with Dor-
ſetſnire and part of Hamſhire. A Corntry, not only
renown'd for the valour of it's Natives, who ( as
* Toarnes Sarwburierſis tells us in his Polycraticon ) with
thoſe of Cornwall and Dewonſhire upon the account of
their bravery in matters of Arms, did challenge to
themſelves the honour of being the Reſerve in our
Engliſh armies ; but alſo for the. extraordinary fer-
rility of the foil in all things, and for it's delightful '
variety which aflords a very pleaſant proſpe&.
The Northern part *, once o'reſpread with woods,
which are now almoſt deſtioy'd, is full of pleafanc
riſings, and watered with clear ſtreams. For the
Jr, which is afterward called Tamiſis [ a}, the chief|
of the Briciſh Rivers, whilſt it is hut ſmall, (with other
Rivers of lefs note, of which 1 ſhall make mention
in their proper * places) glides thro* it. The fouth
part, being a large champagne fruitful Country,
feeds innumerable flocks of ſheep, and is watered with
other Rivers, Land floods, and conſtant Springs,
The middle, of this ſhire is for the moſt part plain
and level, a-crofs which from Eaſt to Welt 'a won-
derful ditch is thrown up for many miles together ;
it is called by the neighbouring Inhabitants Wanſdike,
of which they have a groundleſs tradition, that it was
made by the Devil upon a Wedneſday. The Saxons
indeed term'd it Wodenepdic, that is, Foder's or Mer-
cury's ditch; probably from Woden the "falſe God and
Father of the | Heathen] Saxons. I always thought
that it was caſt up by the Saxons for 5 Poonary ,
tween the Domjtiions' of the Feſt Saxons and the
Mercians[ b ]. For this ' Country was the field of
war, during the contentions berween rheſe two King-
doms abour the enlarging of their Territories.” And
the village *Hodensburge is near this ditch (£] |
Ceaulin the moſt valrant King of the We - Saxons,
A. D. 59o.' endeavouring to defend the frontiers of
his kingdom, was fo touted itt a bloody battle by
the Britains '*and | ſome malecontent | Saxons," 'thar
he was forced to flie his' Country, and died,” pitied
by his very enemies, miferablym exile” Arid, thar.]
may omie other 'a&tions', theres ia'the *W: Saxon,
ind Ceolred pe togoeyrnten ir: of
This Ditch is like that, whictOffa made't Of ke
7»
the Greek Philoſophers,” as ſome”
- where | Mald,
heireſs to thoſe great names of Patiſhull, Grandſon,
and Tregoze ', Near to this is Iotton-Baſzer 5, Whole
additional name ſhews that it ſometime bel6ng'd to
the noble family of the Baſs. In the laſt, Century
(as I have been inform'd ) jc. was the ſeat,* of the
Duke of 7k, who here encld{ed a very, large park
for deer. All the Country hereabouts, once co-
ver'd with Breden-wood, now called Breden fare#f, was
miſerably waſted by Erhelwald Clito and his auxilia-
'7 Danes, A. D.”gog. On the Welt fide of this
'oreſt the ſorementioned river Avon ſmoothly glides,
' which ariſing almoſt in the very North limit of this
| County runneth roward the fourth, and was (as
* Ethelwerd obſerves) for ſome time the bounda
| of the Jeſt Saxon and Mercian Kingdoms, at whic
there were ſeveral great battles fought [ e ]. Whilſt
it 15 but ſhallow, ic runneth at the bottom of the
received another brook; it {almoſt compaſſeth-'ir
round. It is a neat town, and in good repute wpon
the account of the Cloathing-trade : and; was, as
the Eulog ium Hiftoriarum reports, with the caſtles. of
Lacock and Tetbury, built by Dunwallo Mulmutixs
King of the Brjtains, and by him call'd Caer Bladen.
And when it was deſtroy'd by wats, out of it's
ruines aroſe ( as Hiſtorians have it,upon record )
a Caſtle, which our Anceflors''in their own lan-
Saxon petty Kings had cheir Palace .at Caerdurburge,
now. Brokenbridge, a village ſcarce a mile from hence.
born ſor a' long time after, until one Maildulfbus,
an Triſh Scot, a great Scholar, and a man. of fig-
nal devotion, . being delighted 'with the pleaſantnef
of the, wood that grew under this hill, here lived an
Hermic : but” afterwards ſetting up a ſchool,” and
with his ſcholars devoting himſelf co a monaſtick
tife, he builr's firele monafiery: From this Maildul-
phbixs the town” of Tngleborn began to be call'd Maildul-
ferburg, and by Bedg Maildulff wbs,, Maildalf' City,
which in procek of me contradted into Mathis:
73. - In ſome Hiſtorians and ancient Charrers granted
ro;this place, ic,z$ wricren Meldunum, Maldubury, and
Jdunihurg. Among Maildulf F {tholars Aldhelm
was the moſt, eq , who being deſign'd. his ſuc-
of '+ Win:
cellor, by the” 5 'of Eleurberjus Bith f
fer (to whom the'ground did of *righe belor
viſt here a © x Mrmngnae of - which he him-
felf was rhe” firfk At, anc trom him this town
ffs MS. is called "Aldelmesbirig. But this name ſoon
prew out of ve; tho'the 'memory of that holy man
f unt of 'his being Canoniz'd) remains
out of of
em the ac
Fa
aral pon his Feaſf-day chere 5s a great Fair, * at
the Britains from his Mercjans, yet call'd' dike | which time a pany 'of ſouldiers- are uſually lift-
there are'others' of che Hke pattre ro He ſten im this | eF' to prevent” fliſorders "among: fuch x concourle of
Kingdom of the'Ea#t- Anglez*, by which" chey forti- pers. Ant traly his memory deferyeth: eternal
fied chemſalves ipainſt the ingiitſions of the: Frans * r; fot oply for the fanttiry of his life, bar alfs
of which/Thhalt rreat'more largely in their prope} $= Len \"phowance Geir inade for' the
places. 10.1 MIR oO IO EN GVAnEE of 1 times he liv'd in,** He was the friſt
In North IFiirfhire { d] the Tharges Fans by” the 1" that 6te.in Larin, '3hd the firſt char
e, town call'd Crecklade 3, by others, ; ahi Saxons the ethod* of 'c ſing Latn
pomird of him:
by whom, 3 tirecorder inthe” AY, 'bt” Oxfoy hiefe verſes "ROT. + xz
an Univerſity "w#s- het founded; which" was, afrer. | 172 2 d grtiodt irc auttfor
wards tranſlated to Ox 14% d t Ii. 2! 1diarl. Phi 5 0. ; mecum, modo vita ſuperſit, : :
Treyoze ,* the feat' &Kniehly Patil of the | © anhb/rediens vice mhblag ON 200.
57 Tint which" Mer, Bel ORR TP Be | hoy Conn, Fre, if fares pre, =
champ, afterwards DuccheR%oP- tome; ve' to as, M4 g OH fram*their-native feat.
etwo-ynii Ln UA 10 20th?
O!:ver $1. Fobti*her ſecoh'lon!'''Fo"
I came a5
no : , ”
DICTT CY Ty. '
It was known by no other name, but that of x "x
Wortor-
Biiler,
B eden-
torcit.
hill, upon which Malmsbury is buile ; and having Malms' ury
age nam'd Inzelbopnhe, when at the ſame'time the Iagelborne.
Maildul-
phys.
Aldhelm.
+ Welt-
$3xonugt
c 198d ir i 21D DIO Mf 4aewtt VE ann * 4 wy KS oer te
ft! * nofi91 26% 708-8 - S273 213 Wo gh of1 12071 OSTER $9445 ; Ne —_ —= SSL Qui!
« See the additions to Somerſerſhire under [A]. * The Saxon name of it is Wiltwnſcyre, hence Fil:ſbire is contracted. inhabjrants
indeed ( as the Saxon Annals inform vs) SM calld Wilſatas, and Wilſete. * And Glocfter 4 Lib. 6. c.18. "This man was of the
ou BinkenfMegnerie RAE ere Ce es < Bromptan -<alls it .in cwo places calon'd
probably by a miſtake of rhe wit event wn / And Exmtas, fromiwhence ie 3d abld:aall'd in forneRocords Lediard Exias. © yr
came to Hugh z-and inder,to theCrown. K. Edward: « 46”
4-Libo
7:wiles
hey. bad ſevtral orhor.mpry
The niilage avonth (er
ay-boak it is Aldbelmertone.
; _ eds a2021;4 i434 RUE) KN
1 Waich they call Narth IV: tffive® * In Cambri
well known market, Kc.
--
s Hiums this primitive u ame
T: at
, the Robe [wehictein; be ſaid Maile, anda grear Bt//-in the
ſourh-caſt-| fr call'd - Hi .4© denominated
IF ww.
M2 eohnirn + 2 90 wwe www ot... ITS} *7 5
dgeſhire nd Suffolk. ; By Mariazur. 4 Weſt from that i; Fighwasth highty ſeaed, 4
from W
| ſon Edrani ds Langele Duke of
CE nn 6G abs; *
»
F 2 The
_
4 =
AF1 BT
TC —— UC
RAE arena
G6 4&
— —
— — —_———
y-
The great Fchelſtan made this Aldhelm his tutelar
Saint, and for his ſake endowed the Town, with
large immunities, and enriched'che Monaſtery with
ample Donations ; he choſe this place for his ſepul.
chre, and the inhabitants ſhew his monument to this
day. Fromthe time of this Fthelſtan the Abbey was
famous for it's wealth,and here was educated (beſides
many other learned men ) William from this rown
called Malmsburienſis, to whoſe learned induſtry the
civil and eccleſiaſtical F
ly indebted. The town, entirely ſupported by the
abbey, was fortify'd by Roger Biſh
who, when the War
Anjou and King Stephen, ſtrengthen it with walls,
and a Caſtle, which was once in vain belieg'd by
King Henry 2.' This magnificent Biſhop ere&ted
buildings here and at Salisbury, for ſpace very large, for
co#t, ery chargeable, for ſhew wery beautiful. The ſtones
are ſet in ſuch exat&# order , that the joynts cannot be
ſeen, avd' the whole ſtruiture ſeems to be but one ſtone.
But the caſtle, nor long after, by the permiflion of
King John, was raſed for the convenience of the
Monks, that fo the abbey might be enlarg d ; which
daily increasd in building and revenues, till the fatal
difldlution of Monaſteries, Then the lands and rich-
&s which had been ſo many years in gathering, were
diflipated; tho” in ancient times they were thought
Concil., tO be the good works of pious Chriſtians, penonce for
Aquiſgran. [775, and the atrimony " the poor. And the Church
it. {:1f had ſuffered the ſame fate, had not one
Si wp, a rich clothier, by a great deal of interceflion
and more money,recover'd it for the uſe of theTown's
folks, who turn'd it into a Pariſh-Church ; and a
prear part of it is yct remaining [ F].
William of
Malmesbu-
I).
i rom Malmsury the Avon runs to Danteſey, which
gays name to the 'Lords of it, Knights, wy very
eminent in theſe parts; from whom it deſcended to
the Eaferlings, commonly known, by the name . of
Stradling; - and from; them to the family of Danvers,
Baron Dan- Of Which Henry Danvers was lacely dignified b the
vers favour of K. James with the ticle and honour of Ba-
ron Danvers of Danteſty [g]. _ Six miles from hence
the Avon receives from the eaſt a rivulet, which runs
Caln throygh, Calne, .an ancient little town, on a ſtony
ground, adorned with a neat Church.: where du-
ring the. contentions berween the Mogts and [ſecu-
A Synod larſ Priefts about the Corlibacy of the Clergy, a great
2 ihe |
Synod was conyen'd A. D. 977.. But in the mid
. of the diſpute, the Canrooariog aouk, in which the
States. of the Kingdom were, aſſembled (the beams
breaking,and the timber-frame burſting aſunder) ſug-
denly tIgll to che ground, togeshery. with the "Biſhops
Ci or Fre Koran? DE Which fall cnet
8 buy Dunſtan, algo
were. brusd,, and, fomg kitlg
Preſident of che Synod and of the, of
caped. unhurt.,. By which miracle (for ſa if mas ae
counted in thoſe tinits ). © the.cayſe. of the :Mogks
was probably, very much conbrived baid
+ WP, (1:13
.
now only fanqus far its. market, from whence i
it's name: tqr, Cyppan in the Saxon langoate Bans
hes tortraffick, gnd Coypman « Mercbant $309 WE.uS
retain Cheppen. and Chepprran, Pr,,a5 the Germans la
Copppran,".,, In, thols, tumes it was the Count ſhow
of the XON AU ii Which, K. j-< GY MR
bequ to his younger daug =o w, there is!
nothing worth ſeeing, bug the IS as 1s eVI-
dent from their of Arms, on. the Walls, by-the!
Lords Hungerford £h Over, "aſt ti gg t o
at ſome dittance. from, the: river, les. Caſbayy, now a,
ſmall village, heretofore hongur'd with che £:oun-
try palace of King Etbelred, and the retiring-houſe
of the * Earls of Cornwall. From hence one may
Cyppan,
what it 1s.
Coſbam.
*
Hiſtory of England are gteat-
of Salisbury, |
roke out between Renry of
3s party, el-| ſhip
',; | fon, .:
, From hence the, Ayn, now: grown bigger, rixns
£0. Chippenham, by... the. N axons £29 . CyPpaaha
jad
| Snahren, by
Caſtlecomo ſee Caſtlecomb, an ancient caſtle, famous upon the
FY'TA&
account of the Walters of Dunſtawvif, Lords cf it ©;
from whom the #:etheſleys, Earls of Southampton,
derive their pedigree. - For Petroniila 7, the daughter
and heir of che laſt Walter, married Rob. de Mont-
ford, and had a fon named William, who ſold this
caſtle and the reſt of his lands, ro Bartholomew Ba-
dilſmer ; from whom it came ( as I have heard) to
the Scroops, Who have held it ever ſince,” Bur let us
now again follow the courſe of the river, on which
lieth Leckham, the eſtate of the noble family of the Lec
Bainards, where Roman coins are very often found ;
as alſo Lacock?, where that pious matron EZ, Coun- Lis
teſs of Salisbury, in her widowhood, built ( as the
did likewiſe at Henton ') a Monaſtery, A.D. 1232. to
the honour of the Bleſſed Virgin and S. Bernard, in
which ſhe devored her fe'f, foul and body, to the
ſervice of God.
The Avon, whoſe banks are thick ſet with trees,
hath not run far beyond &rumbam, once the ſeat of
the Lord * * Sammid, before it receives a rivulet trom *
the eaſt, which riſeth near the caſtle De Vies, Devi-
ſes, or the Vies; the Diviſio of Florentius Wigorn. Theve
The Diviſe of Neubrigenſis. It was once a noble ca- Pra
ſtle, ſtrongly fortify'd by art and nature, but now
ruin'd by the injury of time. This was built at che
vaſt expence of Roger Biſhop of Sarum, chat ic mighe
excell all the caſtles in England. This man's fortune
had advanc'd him from a poor Maſ-prielt to be che
ſecond man in the kingdom, But fortune ( as one
faith) hath favourd no man ſo far, as to exempt him
from the fear of loſing whatever ſhe gave him. For
K. Stephen being angry with him, took from him
this caſtle, and that of Shirburn, cogethec with all his
great riches, and ſo plagu'd the poor old man in
priſon with hunger and other troubles, that berween
the fear of death and. the torments of lite, he was
unwilling to live, and knew not how to die. Abouc
this time it Was very , much controverted, whether
it is awful for Bilbops, by the Canon-law, to hold
Caſtles ?. and if this, by permiſſion, was allow'd,
whether, in troubleſome times they ought not to be
at the King's diſpoſal ? [i]. |
The Avon conjoyn'd with this rivulet, bends it's
courſe toward the welt, and prefently another brook
from the ſouth runneth info it, which gives name to
the houſe called Broke ſituated upon it. This houſe Bs
was heretofore the ſeat of obs Pavely Lord of the **
Hundred of We#tbury, and afterward gave the title of
Baron to Rob. Willoughby ( becauſe by the Chenezs he
was deſcended. from. the. family of Pavely ) when
K, Henry 7; created him-Peer of the realm; of which
King he.was a preat favourite, and by him, as it
is xeported,, made ? tor ſame time Lord high Ad:
mir «For which, reaſon, he gave the ' rudder of a
or his Cognizance;; as Pompey. the Admiral of
the Roman Navy ſtamp'd the ſtern on his medals.
But this fataily was {oon extin&; for he left but one
Robere, | Baron Brook, who had by his firſt
wits, a fan call'd Edward,” who dy,d in his father's
life-ruame,;.and:left one daughrer, afterwards married
to Sur ulk /Grevil ;, by his ſecond wife, he had two
whom. this rich eſtate. came to the
Wincheſter, and the Lord Montjoy.
Noy tag om henee, toward the eaſt; lies Edindon, £:
lat e Eatbandune,, where K. Altred won the
De t
Iman
riqus victory ..that. ever was. obtained over
the rayaging. Danes ;3..and drove them to that extre»
mity, that they folem oa immediately to de-
th i. In.this place alſo, #/alism de Edindon,
incheſter. (a;great favourite.of K. Edw. 3.
| here; and. from . hence. ook his (ir-
nan a Callege for Canons call'd Bonhow-
mes, h o)..; a hill, a litcly. above, on the ſame rivu-
ler, ſtands 7rubridge, in old time Tpupabpis, that is, 4 Tn
ftrong or true bridge. But for what reaſon it had this
- : .
rrondrig he 16K. Borat,
p/ Earl of Cotrivead)}
lod,
6b. "77
c
' ard of bit
-
"4A;ÞD. 1152. The Caſtle indeed made 'a'brave Yefence.y bat all the Hiſtorians fy /ir- was taken at ha by Duke ( afrerwards
Mathatbuey infledd it a miracte t6.conhtb the cauſe of the Mons 5 bur/
| «CORE IONS apLondon. ''+ The inba birancs (till
;'und Edinid E the ſame
ration, baile bere an/Alms-h6uſe and Free-ſchool..
7 3 ! In the County'of Sanerſer.. + The
6 Men at renown
oor and &c.
in their time. 7 Or Parnel. ® Or truly De S. Amando, St. Amand. Afterward of the Biinton for them. 5 Stew-
— m—_—
Þ a
—
King ) Henry.
arid Bromton ſay, it was a judgment u E Nobilg
Roman money us'd rs be
in feverul 'glals-windows of his houſe.
-place obram'd a Charrtr for a weel:ly marker.
'L fs, that in & field by*TZacock, much
name,
ngleat.
Ln.
IG
or y- from whence
bury. Yaterbury- Cat le.
W FL T._
cy þ
SHIRE
name, does not at all appear. Now it is very noted
for the Clothing-trade; and ſhews the ruines of ' a
Caſtle, which longerh to the Dutchy of Lanca-
ſter * on The Avon, being! encress'd by this ri-
ver, warereth Bradford, in old time Bradanford, (call'd
" fo frem-the Broad ford) which ftandeth on the ſide
of a hill, and is built all of ſtone; where a bloody
batrel wes fought in the Civil wars between Kenilws-
chixs K. of the Weſt-Saxons, and Carbred his Kinſ-
man. Here the Avon leaveth Wiltſhire, and encreth
into Somerſetſhire, running toward the Bath [a1].
From hence the-weſt limit of this Shire goes di-
realy fourhward [n ) by Longlear, the well-contriv'd
and ſplendid houſe ** (tho? more than once damni-
Pe by fice '2 ) of the Knightly family of the Thinnes,
deſcended from the Botewiles [0], AMaidem-bradiey,
ſo named becauſe' one of _the daughters and heir-
eſſes of Manaſſer Biſſer, a famous man; in his time;
being her fſzlf a Leper, built a Hoſpical here for le-
prous maids, and endowed it with her inheritance :
her father had founded a Priory here * before.
Stourton, the feat of the Barons of Stoarten, who were
dignified with this title by K. Henry 6. ” at which
" time a very great eſtate accru'd to them by a marri-
age with the heireſs of the family of Le Moigi or
Monk, not Mobun as ſome have erroneouſly thought ;
and from thence their Creſt i is, a Demi-Monk with a
[ penitentia] | whip in hs hand. The town took its name
trom the river Stowr, which riſeth here out. of ſix
fountains, between which | proper | the Srourtons Lords |
of this place bear for their Arms « Bend Or in @ field
ſable.
By the foreſaid Maiden-Brodley glides a rivulet called
Dever-ril, becauſe like Anas in Spazn, and rbe Mole in
Surry, which rook their names from. thence , *
diveth under. the, .caxth, and a , mile e off riſech _
again, and haſtenerh to Yerlucio, a very ancient rown,
mentioned by Antoninus the Emperor in his cine
rary, which name it hath wor Fer quits loft, be
nſter call'd Ferminfer; ' a compound of 'that od nate |
ifech 'a' MW ||
gredt pfivilepes; for it 'is |
recorded in the book which William'the Conqueror |
cauſed ro be made, that wee geldavis wie bidard' Fuit 5 |
famous for | D
che” Saxon word Winrrepn, which 'fi
naftery, 'Heretofore it had
that is, it paid no rribure, * Now it! *'only
a great” rn-marker : arid mdeed-it'is fearce'credi- ||
ble, ' what quantirtes of Corn are very week eartitd |
hither” and preſenrly {61d * (p].-
From this place roWard the ſouth, horth, SEVS
all zlothg rhe FIGdle bf the Share, the Downs ares
wide, that there can ſcarce be any bounds diſcover;
are card the Ylbide”; bar thin
inhabited,” and heretofore of 'bad! repute for fre< | 73
quent robberies. The" foach pare of them is wa |
ted by two e rivers, the Filley-boars, the Gan [if
ha ha of | ſſtine, ant] the Nadier "commonly called |4
Adder-bbarn.' Wille having its firlt rife at Wer-
minſter, *runneth "by "Heiterdiry of Hegedsbiery,
feat -of the Barons c
called Willey. ro Which is en ave wo ck
military entre ene; 4 with # wo doth
dirch; and calle! by the :ighbouring inhabi kw:
From it's way Se one r_
conclude, that it was'a es} So
jars Catnp, who _— ofthe |
It was Veſpaſi
2oth Legion under Claudius, two nations in |
this part {of England] to the |
I's
' ſome remains of 'Veſpaſian's name are t to be
in Yanesbuty{r} '5. 'The Nader riſitg it the ſouth
border of this County, with a winding creeps
like an adder (from whence it ſeems to Have it's
name ) not far from Wardoir a
once belong'd to the ancient
Now it is in the poſſeſfion (that I may omic ſeveral
of its intermediate * owners 7 ) 'of John Artindel, late-
ly _ by King Fames Lord Arandell
in his yourh he pioully went into far countries to
ſerve in the wars againſt the ſworn enemies of Chri-
ſtendom, the Turks; and there, for his
tour at the ſtorming of Gran, he merited the honour
be bad behaved himſelf coleopionſy
the ſiege of ſeveral Cities "and Caſtles ; or, cal had
groen eminent proof of bu walour at the aſſault npon rhe
water-t0wn near Gran, taking the Flag from the Turks
with bu own bands ; we have created, made, and nomi-
nated bim, and all and every one of bu children, bis heirs
and lawful iſſue for ever, hf both fexes, true Counts and
Comnteſſes of the ſacred Empire 5 and have dignified them
with the Title and Honowr of a County Imperial, &c. *
On the other ſide of the river is Hach, not very
red at preſent, but famous in the reign of K. Edw.x.
for it's Baron Exſftace de Hache, who was then ſummon Baron of
he reſt of the Nobility *. "=
ed to Patliatment
©; Ar the conflux of theſe rivers, Willey watereth the
.town of the. County, to which it gave name. Ir
was in times paſt call'd Ellandunwm ; as appears from
fome ancient Charters, which expreſly make men-
( Elandawon, that is, at Waleen. . From this name E!-
lon, 1 am partly ,induc'd to think this river to be the
ing | tack Pro
the: Weſt-Saxons fought ſuc-
the Mercian A. $21.
on both ſides, that the
od of near relations [1].
'yery,\ and
= Eadgar
y unnery was mach older : for in it are theſe words ;
' Huhgerford'[q])%; to a 1 pe hy Mow
an Empire, off of
© 37s Slim "Eibea fighting againſt the
=# RG Charge conquerour ; but the
the here) changing, he was driven out of
rn, as pl the ti the ma; = np vey
| populous place... .Ki ar ere a Nun-
[Pop \ Nip Eos relate) made his daugh-
But it is evident from the ancient
r himſelf, dated A. D. 974. that the
FW jg gg was built by my great grandfather
2 # noted place by agþh ; #14 uy called
we read in the life of Edward the Con-
uc y pl
he = ), _—_ the Eo Be Salisbury * turn'd
Pon TREE:
In thi j- *X ah
»in of K I”) ; ,
bens we Sir Witliew Dugdale's 3 There is
:nden's con is madc
re, and inn arr he our'N pa "ed Tap
frem-the/wotd it een +08
+No }eb yalicuar was the Lady 4 Yi
\
and rhe Pie C on Þ ke AS
web trend
rw" py rk
SS
"itn the Dokes of Laneaſer, und ow now the H
dderminſ
Foto the Call
thar he turd of [th& es this
ze Nd fometime i to the $4) of potiury. i n 8 fg foil, oy bo &c. 14 But for _ of Roman
Iquities, J £ , only_on are gn coprd
A called Ca cus. cen on ot Church PESTS LY " gry) fot
6 reed 8. bad bis denomination dan fg one me rr be 9d
the athir
bury, Tegie ts Chewiſe with ph nt: trench b, them, that ochers may collef#
ſome riatter therchy more than 1 can.
« Hindon, 4 quick Market, fem. as
f4 lt +
hat 1 could ſee.
ai
A: he Len Beogks = nancy th ond? po —_
Hud 8 fro miler frew thence
Abbey.
recty Caſtle, which wardous
ily of $. Martins. Caltle.
of WWerdoxr, Of Baron
m very honorable metition is to be made, becauſe 3m
fngular va- '
to be made Count of the Empire, by a Patent from 1595-
the Emperor Rodelph 2. ith the _ | Kos 1: as Count of
field, and af **mPe:
NO- Hache.
place from it denominared Wi kon, once the chief Witon-
t | tion of Heelf hen Earl of | Elandunum, that i, of Wil- Elland».
'rox ; and. again, that he ;builc a lictle Monaſtery at
ceth.in this Traft. At this Alan riv,
"ou
-
«%
—_—— — — — :, -
DN eee ee IS
—_——_ we - _ ——O-
—
91
BE L 6 ,
—— — —— —
Sordicde- Abbey. + But in old time Sorbiodunim Was, and now |
num.
Old Saris-
bury.
Dumnum,
what it ſ1g-
niftied with
New+Sarum: (which aroſt our of its ruines) is a great
obſtacle of it's ſplendor, Antoninus's Itinerary.calleth
that town Sorbiodunums, which the Saxons afterward
named Seapyrbypiz, and the vulgar Latins Serum
and Sarisburie 7. For the courſe of the Itinerary,
and the remains of the name, evidently ſhew this,
without any/remark of mine, And without doubt
Searesbirig was derived from Sorbiodunum, the Saxon
word Bypyg ( which denoteth a town ) being pur
in the place of Dunum, which word the Britains and
Gauls uſually added to places of lofty ſituation, as
the Gauls this Sorbiodunur is. SO that (as one very well skil-
and Brirains 1.4 in the: Welſh language informed me ) Sorviodu-
Money by
weght and
by tale.
New Saris-
»um ſignifieth a dry hill [ tt], which is a more proba-
ble conjecture, Cw eh / Ararey derivation of it
from Saron in Beroſus, or from Severus the Emperour,
from whom they call'd it Severia [ u ] For it was
ſeated on a high hill, and as Malmsbury faith, The
town was more like a Caſtle than a City, being enuiron'd
with a high wall, and notwithſtanding it was wery well
accommodated with all. other conveniences, yet ſuch was the
want of water, that it was ſold there at a great rate.
This gave occaſion to the diſtich, which was made
upon Old Sarum by one that lived in thoſe times :
And thoſe ſweet notes that Philomel denies,
The harſher muſick cf the wind lupplies.
By the great pieces of the Walls and the Bulwarks
yet to be ſeen, it ſeems to have beena very ſtrong
place, and near half a mile in circumference. Km-
ric the Saxon, after he had fought* againſt the Pri-
tains with good ſucceſs A. D. 554. was the firſt of
the Saxons that won it, and © Canute the Dane dam-
nify'd it very much by fire about A!D. r003.[ w ].
It recover'd it's ancient'{fplendour, when by the an-
thority of a © Synod, and the munificence of Wil-
liam the Conqueror, Herman Biſhop 'of Shirburn and
Sunning, tranſlated his feat hither; and* his im-
mediate Succeſſor - Oſmund- buik the Cathedral
Church. And the ſaid William 1. after he had made
the ſurvey of England, ſummon'd all 'the Eſtates 'of
the Kingdom hither to ſwear Allegiance cohim ; at
which time, as it is in Domeſday bdok, Salisbury
gelded for 5o bides, and of the third perm the King had
XxX 5s. by weight, and of the increaſe Ix m by tale. This fk
obſerve, becauſe not only the Romans, but alſo our
Anceſtors, uſed to weigh as well as tell their money,
Not long after in the reign of Richard 1.7; by rea:
fon of the inſolencies of the garriſon-fouldiers | x] >,
and the ſcarcity of water **, the inhabitants began to
remove, and ſeatedthemſelves ina low ground, which
at the conflux of the Avon and the Naddey, is as it
were a rendezvous of many - waters, ſcarce a mile
diſtant toward the ſouth-eaſt. Of this removal Pe:
rrus Bleſenſis maketh mention in his* Epiſtles for
thus he deſcribes Old Saram. It was a place expoſed" to
the winde, barren, dry, and ſolitary ; we was there
as in Siloam, by which the mbabitants were for a long
rime enſlaved. And afterward, The Church of Sa-
licbury was a captive'on that 'bill: let ws* therefore in
God's name go down into'the level + there the wallies will
yield plenty of corn, and the thampagn fields are of a rich
Eft tibi defeftus Iympha, ſed copia crete,
Sevit ibi ventws, ſed Philomela ſulet. ;
Water's there ſcarce, but chalk in plenty lies,
foil. And of 'the ſame place the foremention'd Poet:
thus writes ;
Quid domini domus in caftro ? niſs federis arca
In templo Baalim ; -earcer uterque losns .
A Church within a Camp looks juſt as well,
As th' ark of God in the vile of Baal.
And thus deſcribed/the place to which they de-|
ſcended ;
Ef in walle Jocus nemori wenatibus apts -
Cont iguus, celeber fruftibus, uber aquis.
lt
|
A
4
«(i
q
;
Tale creators matri natura creata
Hoſpitium:toto que/iit orbe diu, #4
Nigh a fair chaſe a happy vale there lies, 6
Where early fruit the burden'd trees furprize,
And conſtant ſprings with gentle murmurs riſe.
Not careful Nature o're the world could mect
With ſuch another for our Lady's feat.
As ſoon as they were removed, that they might
begin at the houſe of God, Richard Poer the Biſhop, in
a pleaſant meadow before calld Merifield, laid the
toundation of the great Church, a ſtarely pile of
building [ y ]. The which with it's * high ſteeple
and double crofs-iſles, by it's venerable grandeur
ſtrikes it's ſpeRtators with a ſacred joy ; and was in
43 years ſpace finiſhed at great expence, and dedi-
cated A. D. 1258. in the preſence of K. Henry 3.
whereof that ancient Poctaſter hath theſe not con-
cemptible verſes :
Regis enim wirtus templo [peGabitur iſto,
Preſulis affettus, artificanque fides.
The Prince's piety, the Workman's skill,
The Biſhop's care, the ſtately pile ſhall tell.
Bute much better are the verſes of the famous and
| learned Daniel! Rogers.
Mira canam, ſoles quot continet arnus, in und
Tam numeroſa, ferunt, ade, feneſtra micar.
Marmoreaſque capit fuſas tot ab arte columnas,
Comprenſas horas quot Vagus annus babet.
Totque patent port, quot menſibus annus abundat.
Res mira, at wverd res celebrats fide.
+ How many days in one whole year there be,
So many windows in our Church we ſee,
So many marble pillars there appear,
As there are hours thro'our the fleeting year.
| oak moons one year does yiew.
So many |
Strange tales to tell, yet not fo ſtrange as true.
For they ſay, this Church hath as many windows
as there are days in the year, as many pillars and
pillaſters as: there are hours, and as many gates-as
months. On the ſfouth-ſide of the Church is...che
Cloyſter, as great and of as, fine, workmanſhip as
any. {in England, ]. co w hich. is| adjoyn'd the Biſhop's
[tacely. Palace; onthe north ſide ſtands apart from
the Cathedral a very ſtrong built and high Bgll-tower.
This Church in a ſhort time ; 1o increas'd in orna-
ments and revenues,that it maintains a Dean,a Chan-
ter,-. a, Chancellor,, ai Treaſurer, agd 33 Prebenda-
ries [2], all very, wellend»w'd; ſome of which, whom
they £all Canons Reſident, have very good houles. not
far. from the Chnrch : and all theſe are incloſed
with a wall apart;from the town. Whilſt che Biſhop
was building the houſe of God, (the Citizens, in. like
manngr With great: forwardaeſs founded the City,
led the Ciyil government thereof, ſupplicd eyery
ſtregt with a little rivulet of water; and having ob-
tained. licence from. Simon the Biſhop to fortihe. it,
they: threw up a ditch on that fide, which..is nat de-
ended. by the river. And, to:fuch- ſplendour :New-
Salibyry arrived out; of the guines al O/d-Sorbiodunumn,
(preſently. after by. the Royal Authority: the
High road into.,the Welt was-turn'd thro' this town)
x« became the ſecond City jn thoſe. parts, bemg very
Populous , abaunding: in plenty. of all things, eſpe-
cially fiſh ; apgdgdorn'd with a'very fine Council-haule
of wood, which. ſtandeth in, a ſpacious, well-furniſhd
Market. place. Burt it hath nothing of which it can
| brag ſo much as of Fobn Fewell lace Biſhop of this
' place, the wonder
his age: for Divinity, and a
itrenuous defender of the Reformed Religion. . After
"this; 'Old Sarwm ſtill decreaſing, was in the reign of
Henry 7. wholly > fo chat now there ſcarce
emaineth a tyrrer of the caſtle ; yet for a long'time
after-the inhabicants had left the cawn, it-was the
| fear: of the Earls of Salisbury, aboue which in the
reagn.of Edward 3..there was ai-noted . controverſie.
For Robert Biſhop of Sarum by vertue of a Writ,
$A OY —_——— :
for Swain, 28 is evident by the ing teſtimony of Hiſtorians. Y
£ y the concurring y
tt.
_—
mg (A: 1076.
ng neg ) thar- all Biſhops
Sees ſhould be removed into grezt Towns, out of It ſhoald be "Eo 107. T
floor of the Charch, js 410 too high. x _} piſt. 105. 4 The tower and Riecple, from the
* And Salirhurialia. 0 Againſt the Churchmen. 2* The C hurchmen firſt, and then, &c,
| which
+Dr. ia
29
Ter
lar.
orlacrs
_
4 6 Lioncells »t Or. His fon was alſo called W#4l-
liam , with whotn Henry 3. being offended,
becauſe ſigned with the Grofs he went ro the
Duel 4- which-our:
-n
ez Of
= of F
4te ©d the ticle-of Earl, and her Coat of Arms, viz. Az.
& one daughter named Margaret, who was notwith-
' ſtanding call'd Counteſs of Salisbury, and married to
—
"" cr the Predeceſſors of Margaret Coxmefs
_—_—_
ne REIr—_— we A —_— < RO © — ——
WISTSAHAIRE
——— __.
call Breve de: Rea, queſtion's the \ his fither'in His) Hondurs, ard <& Withouriſfue *? ;
of William Montaoute E of Sarum to this Callie. | and Fobs | hor,
Exrtanfwered, he would defend his right by | kewting ly Margerer his wite, dauphter arid heirels
Combat (q], So, on the day appointed, 'the Biſhop | of Thottias de Munthertwer, Joby Exrl of Salivbliry
a Knight; Who -di&d tefote' His brodier,
; * De more
brought co the liſts his Champion clad in a white | who being a time-ſerver, and conſpiring againſt King **75
garment to the mid leg ; over which he had a Sur-
coat of the Biſhop's Coat of Arms : there follow'd
him a CE ing the ſpear, and a Page the
ſhield. Preſently after, the Earl led in his Cham-
ion arrayed after the ſame manner, accompanied
y two Knights bearing white ſtaves. And juſt as
the Champions were about to fight, whilſt the
withdrew, that their weapons might be examin'd,
unexpectedly came a Mandate from the King, that
the cauſe ſhould not then be decided, leſt the King
ſhould loſe his right. In the mean time they com: i
pounded, the Earl _— ſurrender up all his
right in the caſtle, to the Biſhop and his ſucceſſors for
ever upon the receir of 2500 Marks | aa ].
Salwbury had Earls very early, whoſe pedigree I
will not only draw faithfully, but higher alſo,
out of the hiſtory of Lacock. Walter de Kuerenx
Earl of Roſmar in Normandy had by the munifi-
cence of William the Conqueror very large poſlefli-
ons in this ſhire, which he bequeathed to his younger
ſon Edward ſirnamed of Salubury, who was born in
England ; leaving his other lands in Normandy with
the tice of Earl of Roſinar to* alter his eldeſt fon,
whoſe line not long after failed. This Edward of Sa-
licbury was very eminent in the twentieth year ©
William the Conqueror, and is often mention'
in Domeſday book, but without the title of Earl.
His ſon Walter founded a ſmall monaſtery at Bre-
denſtok, and there in his old age, after he had got a
ſon call'd Patric, who was the firſt Earl of Sali 1
by Sibilla ds Cadurcis or Chaworth, aſſum'd the habit
of a [ black] Canon. This Parric the firſt Earl was
ſlain by Guy of Luſignian, A. D. 1169. in his return
from a plgimoge to S. James of Compoſtella, and
was ſu by his ſon #4lliam, who died at Paris
in the reign of Richard x. E/z his only ter
(by the favour of the ſaid K. Richard ) was ed
to William Long ſpee, (fo ſirnamed from the long ſword
he uſually wore) who was a natural fon of K. Hen-
ry 2. to whom upon this iage with Els, accru-
Holy War without his leave, took from him the ti-
tle of Earl and caſtle of Sarum. He notwithſtanding
being reſolv'd on his deſign, went into Egypt. with: |
S. Lewis King. of France , and fighting 'v: b
inthe midſt of his enemies, near Damiata , whic
the Chriſtians had caken, died in the bed of honour;
not long before that holy King was un ely
made prifoner. He had a ſon call'd alfo aw, |
who did not enjoy the ticle of Earl, and had-only
Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln, by whom ſhe had but
one daughter, viz. Alice the wite of Thozas Earl of
Lancaſter ; who being outlawed; K. Edw. 2. ſeized |
upon the lands which ſhe ha&made over to her hus- |
band : ſome of which, viz. Troabridge, Winterboars, |
Ambrebury; and other manours King Edw. 3. gave
to William de Montacute in as full and ample manner as |
of 8 arume beld |
them, And at the ſame time he made the faid 31- |
|
| Sabiibury is every Way. ence nPa % W
| Henry 4. was ſlain at ' Chichefer A.D. 1400, and at-
rerwards attainted of High Treaſon. Nocwithſtand:
ing which his ſon Thomas was reſtored 10. his blood |
and eſtate, one of the greateſt Generals of his age,
whether we conſider his pains in all matters of mo- |
ment, his unwearied conſtancy in all undertakings, /
and his quickneſs in putting his deſigns in execution ; |
who whilſt he beſieged Orleans in France, was
wounded by a Dart from a * Baliſt, of which he died, * etormens
A.D. 1428. Alice his only __ was mariied to © 99m
Richard Nevil, to whom the brought'the title of p4.. :-
Earl of Sarum, who following the York-party, was Hen. 6.
taken Priſoner in a battel at Wakefield and beheaded : 2457-
he was ſucceeded by Richard his fon, Earl of Warwick -
5 we
their poſterity may-be: the becer eſta ſhed * |
Throne. Amy the other daughter of Richgtd-Nevil
Earl of Warwick and Salisbury, was wife to Rich-
ard 3*5,to whom after ſhe had born Edward * Prince
of Wales, who dy'd young, ſhe her ſelf dy'd, nor
without ſuſpicion of po From that crime this
honfIny eitle ceaſed , until A. D. 1605,-the moſt
potent K. James ify'd therewith Robert Cecil, le-
cond fon; to our Neſtor 41. Cecil, for his prudence
and ſervice to his King and Cot - whom
( as ] have ſaid ) he had before honour'd with the -
titles -of *Baron Cecil of Efſenden, and Viſcount Cran-
burn for his great merits, and induſtry in promoting
the good of the Kingdom, So much concerning the
Earls of Sali | bb }. | =Y
Below this City upon the Avon, is ſeated Dan#ow tyncon.
or Donketon, which is reported to be a very ancient
ation. and famous for the ſeat of Beaweis of 5go, com-
Sout on, Who for his valour, much celebrated by 7y.
the is commonly. accounted ong&ot b- var |
Worthies.
plains,-.unlefs ir be toward! theres
hath che neighbourhood of the
rendon, very commodious far;
Deer, and once beautified wi
chis Park, and the twenty gro
Maſcherrus L. L. D. made thele ve
Nobilis eſt Jucus, cerwvis cluſura, * Saronam
Progter, © & claro tyertice uamen habet.
Vigints hine nemorum, partuto lmite.. boſe.
Ambitus eff paſſms, wille cuique ſuns...
A noble park near Sarum's ſtacely rown, .. . _
In form. .a mount's clear top cali'd Clarendon. .
Here tw oves, and cach a mile in ſpace,
With grate ay Br once: proteet the place
Abavr fix miles northward” of \ on the
antLbeecding |
| ce.” Of
ebacl
rles L
* This
name way
made by
his own
fancy, as
Poet.
We
i may be carry'd-yer hi : far
Bll lg bers yd-yer higher
—_—
Earldom, was called Gero/sd. * It ſhould be Cirazcefiorin
2 Having unhappily flaiy his ew Son, while be troin'd him as tilting. 3 Earl of Warwick.
fifth bis reign. *s Duke * bin bi
pets i fate of : yo g eco
end red of ch oof? nh res te gn f Kagan, eſis the
recor, rhe cuſtcaes , h et
Judges, Barons of the Realm, af RE ot aeth
F1 wood hoxewod,
wh Capical Romian FX thy, % AhEV ſo lang, that
4
5 = whig t
u is be an hiſtory. No doubt be 11a: ſo caretntly laid it up, leptd it ſhould be found, anit ſome 'th
book
ods
mnovable "ro poſterity:
BE L 6 @&.
RR ee eee ee —— —_——
ſome of which are 28 foot in height, and ſeven in
breadth, on. which others like Architraves are born
up, fo that it ſeems to be a hanging pile ; from
whence we call it Sfinehenge, as the ancient Hiſiori-
*
, *
Af
ans from it's greatneſs call'd it Gigantr:m Chorea, the
Giants dance. But ſeeing it cannot fully. be deſcri-
bed by words only, I have here ſubjoyn'd the Scu!l-
pture of it.
—— —£__ |
Artificial
Ru ks.
MN AER
Our country-men reckon' this among the wonders | of che Britains there ſlain by treachery in a confe-
of the land. © For it is unaccotntitble how {ach ſtones | rence. with the Saxons. From whence Alexander
ſhould come there, feeing all rhe circamjacent coun- | Necham, a Poer of the middle age, in a poetical vein,
try want ordinary ftones' for building ; and allo by | but. without any
great fancy, wade theſe verſes:
what meEihs they were raiſed. Of thele things I am | grounding them on the Britiſh Hiſtory of Geoffrey.
nor able' fo much to'give an accurate account,: as
mightily ro grieve that rhe founders of” this noble |
1Monument:cannot be rrac'd our; Yet its the gpinion |
ot ſome, that thele;ſianes ; are! nor; naturgl;oruch as
arg:;dtg.out of the: xock,; bug artificial, being made
of, fine, ſand. cemented, together by a plewy: fort: of
marer z like. thoſe; monuments, which. L þaye:keen in
Yarkſhice. _ And this is notlo ſtrange : For do not we
read-in Pliny, that tbe.ſland af Pgteol:injuled, in va-
ter, is preſently turn'd into ſtone 7 and that the Ci-
ſ{terns.at Rome being. made. of. ſan and-{tzong lime,
are\{o-tempered, thar they \{eem-to be-res! Kone ? an
that ſmall picces of .maible tate been fo. cemented,
thac-ftatues made of 3x. have' been raken-for gne-encire
piec& of marble? The'crattirion is, that Alretiafius
Ambzoſiusor Uther his brother, ereted-1t:by the
Lelp of Merfin the Mathematigian, to the 'memory
" | |
- \*
Nabilis et lapidum ttruftura, Chorea Gigantum,
\ Hrs: experta ſuum pole eg it opus.
Qnod ne prodiret 1m Iucem ſepnius, artem
Se, wireſque ſuas confulutſſe rear.
Hee opus adſcribit Merlino garrula fama,
»\:-Falze fig menti fabula ana refert.
Illa congerie fertur aecorata fuiſſe _
Tellas, que mittit tot Palameds aves.
Hinc tamtum munns ſuſcepit Hebernia gaudens,
Nam wirtxs lapidli exilibet ampla ſats.
Nam vefperſus aquis magnam tranifundit in il!a
Vim, ques curari [& pins per eget.
Uther Pendragon molem tranſuexit ad Ambri
Fines, dewiffo wittcr ab boite means.
O quot nebilum, quot corpora [acrt wircrum,
Illic Hengiſti proditiqne jacent !
+ |
fe-
ler
in,
—
k
Imtcr-
s lianus, that gave name to this place, in the wane of
_ try,
- Not much higher is I/olfhall, the feat of the noble
*© With an hcicels of the Eiturmies, who bore Argent,
— —
"WILTSHIEE
Intercept fuit gens inclyta, gens generoſa
Intercepta, nimis credula, cauta minus.
Sed tunc enituit preaclari Conſults Eldol
Virtus, qui letho ſeptuag inta deit.
The Gtant's Dance, the ever famous pile,
Where painful Art hath ſhew'd her deepeſt skill.
Old ſtories this aſcribe to Merlmn's ſpells,
And prating Fame the mighty wonder tells.
At firſt the monſtrous work in Scythia ſtood,
Thence joyful Ireland took the happy load. þ.
For all the Stones ſome uſeful ſecrets have,
And ſteep'd in waters, healing virtues leave.
Renown'd Pendragon from the conquer'd Ile
Remov'd to Amber's plains his wondrous ſpoil.
Of what brave ſouls are there the reliques laid,
By wicked Hengi#t's treacherous arts betray'd ?
Stout hearts they had, and ſtrength unmatch'd in war,
But too much credir, and too little care.
Yet furious Eldor here his valour ſhow'd,
And clear'd his way with ſev'nty 'Traytors blood.
Others relate, that the Britains built this as a mag-
nificent monument for the fame Ambroſins, in the
place where he was lain by his enemies z that that
Pile ſhould be as it were an Altar erected at the pub-
lick coſt co the eterral memory of his valour. Ibis
is certain, that mens bones are frequently here dug
up; and the village, which lies upon the Avon, is
called Ambresbury, that is, Ambroſe's Town, where,
as the Briciſh Hiltory cells us, ſome ancient Kings lye
buried: and the Eulogium records, that here was a
Monaſtery of 300 Monks, which was deſtroyed b
a barbarous villain, one Gurmundws | dd ]. In this o
terward, Alf-itha wife to K. Egdar (that ſhe might
expiate her crime in killing her ſon-in-law K. Edw.
by penance and good works) built and endowed a
ſtately Nunnery, in which Queen Eleanor, wife to
K. Kenry 3. renouncing all royal pomp, devoted her
ſelf ro God among the Nuns | ee ]. Ambroſius Aure-
the Roman Empire, took on him the Government
of Britain ( as P. Diaconus reports, ) ſuccour'd his
ſinking Country, and by the affiſtance of the valiant
Arthur repelled the aſſaults of his enemies : conquer-
ing great armies compoſed of the moſt warlike nati-
ons of Germany ; and at length, in a ſet battel upon
theſe plains he loit his life jn the ſervice of his Coun-
Bne Gildas and Bede write, that his Anceſtors |
were * Emperors, and ſlain here; and if ſo, why may
not I politively ath:m that he was deſcended from
that Conſtantine, who in the fourth Conſulſhip of |
Theodoſius the younger, out of hopes that good
A little more eaſtward the river Cunetio, by the Sa-
xons called Cyneran, but vulgarly Kennet, * arifeth
near a village of the ſame namg ; which ſome would
have to be the Cunerio mention'd by Antoninus : bur
che diſtance on both ſides contradicts this aſſertion.
Here Selbury, a round hill, rifſeth to a conſiderable
heighe, and ſeemeth by the faſhion of ir, and by the
ſliding down of the earth about it, ro be caſt up
by mens hands. Of this fort are many to be ſeen
in this County, round and copped, which are call'd
Burrows or Barrows, perhaps raiſed in memory of the Burrows
Soldiers there ſlain. For bones are found in them ; ***
> rows.
and I have read that ic was a cuſtoin among the Nor-
thern People, that every ſoldier eſcaping ative out of
Battel, was to bring his Helmet full of Earth toward
the raiſing of Monuments for their ſlain Fellows.
Tho' I cather think this Selbwry-hill to be placed in-
ſtead of a Boundary, if not by the Romans, yer by
the Saxons, as well as the ditch call d Wodensdike, ſee-
ing there were frequent battels in this country be-
tween the Mercians and Weft-Saxons about their li-
mits ; and Boetizs, and the Writers that treat about ,, ,.. -...
Surveying, tell us, that ſuch heaps were often raiſed merry.
for Landmarks [ gg] *5. . At the firſt this River runs
?7-chro? the fields, 1n which, ſtones like Rocks every
where appear, (from whence there is a village call'd
Rockley, ) berween which there now and then breaks Rockley.
out water upon a ſudden in manner of a * Land-flood, * Tirrencs.,
which the Country-people call ' Hungerborn , becauſe 5
it is commonly the--prognoſtick ot great ſcarcity. ;;
From thence the Kennet runneth to a town of it's own Hunger.
name, which was called Cunetio by Antoninus, and Cunerio.
placed 20 miles from Verlucio. At which diſtance
that old town, called by the new name of Marlebo-
row, heretofore Marleberge, is ſeated all along the fide Marlborow,
of a hill from eaſt to welt, upon the banks of the ri-
ver Cunetio. I ſhall nor be very forward to affirm
that this new name came from Marga, which in our
language we call Marle, and uſe it to improve our
Lands. This is certain, that it lies at the foor of a
hill of whice ſtone, which our Forefathers called
Marle, before they had borrowed the word Chalk from
the Latin Calx. The derivation of this place from
Merlin's Tomb is to be ridicul'd, which Alexander
Necham, in his book of Divine Wildom, hammer'd
out in this Diſtich:
Merlini tumulus tibi Merlebrigia nomen
Fecit, te#tis erit Anglica lingua mibs.
Great Merlin's grave
The name to Marlborough in Saxon gave.
The Hiſtory of the fortune as well as the nams
fortune would attend that name, was choſen Em- | of this Cunerio, from the entrance of the Saxons till
* peror in Britain, and afterward murder'd at Arles **, | the Norman times, is wholly buried in oblivion : for
About four miles from Ambresbery, on this fide of | in that interval not ſo much as it's name occurs in
a. the Avon; is a warren common!y called Everly War-
ren, where is a great breed of hares, which aftord
the recreation of Hunting to the neighbouring Gen-
try. But the number is not fo gieat as that the adja-
cent inhabitants are forc'd to demand a guard of fol-
d:ers againſt them, as Pliny reports char the inhabi-
tants of the Baleares did; altho? they are alike miſchie-
rous to their corn | ff }. Not far trom hence is Lat-
ger(hall, heretofore the Caltle of Geffrey Fitz-Peters the
rich Earl of Eſſex, and Lord Chiet Juſtice of England.
family of the Seizmoaurs or de Sancis Mauro, who were
Lo:ds of great poſlefſions 1n this County by marriage
three Demi-Lions Gal. and had been ever ſince the time
of Henry 2. hereditary Bailifts and Keepers: of the
tor plent
Fern). In memory whereof, the great Hunting- |
horn tipd with filver is yet preſerved by the Seimours.
our Annals [hh]. In the next Age we read, thar
Fobn, ſirnamed Sine terra or Lack-land, who was at-
terwards King of England, had a Caſtle here, which
in his rebellion againſt his brother K. Richard I. was
ſurrendred to Huber: Archbiſhop of Cantei bury.
That which it was afterwards molt famous for, was,
the great Pariiament here * aſſembled, which, by an
unanimous conſent, made a Law for the ſupprefling
of Riots, which is yer called Sratutum de Marieborow.
This Caſtle is now by the injuries of time, nothing
but ruines; there are indeed ſome few remains of
the wall of the Keep, and near it is an Ale-houle,
which hath a Caſtle for the ſign. But che inhabitants
brag of nothing more than of the Font, probably of
* Touch-ſtone,in the neighbouring Church of Preſhut ; * Lapis oþ-
in which, as the tradition goes, ſeveral Princes were ftdrane.
«- Neighbouring Foreſt of Sqavernac ( which, is famous | heretofore baptiſed. And 1 cannot omit what I have
of game, and for a ſort of ſweer-ſmelling | read, * namely, that every Free-man, by an old cu-
ſtom, gives to the Mayor, at his admithon, a coupte
of Beagles, two white Capons, and a white Bull.
* It riſes weſt of Wolfhad.
n Rs I.
points to this Caſtor thus blazon'd, Party
c ming in money, in liea of .ir ; dur the Arms of the Town i
Eo br, rg oy Grngyny fri quart ules 6 bull Arg. on the ſecond Azaire 8 & or
, being ors
Capo Arg. the third as the ſccond, and on the baſe Gules are three Greyhounds currant Arg. between two roſes Gules.
*5 7 havod beard, that in the trme of K. Hen, 8. there was
With many {etters, but in ſo range © Charatter, that neither Sir Th. Eliot zev MF. Sc
ſo rang Fer, 1 + Gut 2 Lily
| been
te bualt in an old Camp yin yore but no large compaſs, for
a y
ed it. tad it been preſerved, ſamewhas h
mile of Selbury is _ freer an harps Wi
and bath four g apr or gates, in two of w
are ſome «ther in rhe jars village. *
might heve
hich huge 4; jamb?, but
yn I
near this place a table of metal, a: it had been tinn and lead commixe'd, inſcrib'd
hoolmaſs Paul's, could read it, and therefore neglett-
A heth obſcured. +5 Withon one
it ts envirened with a fair trench,
rade, that they ſerve rather narural than artificial, of which ſort there
G On
© OA IESS ty Sa 9
us gy ns IP's . _ - _— -_ eo ty San
— OO EI Won OB Irs Ws Ir Dn Gs > 5 Ge ALI en rs PII rpg; PING. - a Yen re > — '
l 4 wv <
L——
99
Rumebaury On the fame fide of this river lies Ramesbury, n
{mall village, now only famous for it's pleaſant mea-
dows; tho' it was once honoured with the See of a
Biſhop, who was Dioceſan of this County : but this
See being joyn'd to Shirbwrn by Herman the eighth
wil. Mal- Biſhop, was at laſt ( as I have ſaid before ) cranſlaced
mesd.of Bi- to Salisbury, and carried with it all the reputation
Pl from this place ; becaule at Ramesbery there was nei-
ther a Chapter of the Clergy, nor any thing for their
maintenance. On the other ſide the river, more to-
Littlecoe. ward the Eaſt is ** Littlecor, which is to be mention'd
upon the account of Fobn Popham Lord of it, who
being Lord Chief Jutiice of the King's Bench, dit-
charges his Office with great applauſe, as Lhave aid
before *'.
_ Hitherto I have ſurveyed the County of Mrs,
which, as it is in Domeſday-book, ( for I do nor
think it improper to be taken notice of) paid the
King 10 |. for an Hawk, 20 5s. for a Sumpter-borſe, one
hundred ſhillings and five Ores for Hay. 1 am wholly
Ore, what. ignorant what fort of Money theſe Ores were, only
thus much I have noted out of the regiſter of Burton-
Abbey, that 20 Ores ? were worth 2 marks of filver.
Fails of The Earls of this Shire have been but few (tho' of
Willhize. divers Families) beſides thoſe of Salizbury, which I
have mention'd before. For, excepting Weolſt han be-
fore the Norman Conquelit, ! it had none, that] know
of, till Richard 2.'s time, who preferred Hill;am le
Scrope to that honour : but this man's grandeur con-
tinud and fell with his Prince : for when that King
» Of theſe Ores ſce Mr. Walker's Diſſertation prefix'd to the Life of K. Aifred."
Earl of this Connty, ſc. about 886.
39 Not long ſince the ſeat of the Darels,
8s BL & £.
| ——O—
was dethron'd, this Earl was beheaded. Not many
years after he was ſucceeded by James Butler Eail
of Ormond, who was raiſed to this dignity by King
Henry 6. Bur when the Houſe of Lancaſter was in
a declining condition, he was attainted ; and King
Edward 4. conferred this title on Fohn Stafford, youn-
er fon of Humphrey Duke of Buckingham, to whom
lucceeded his ſon Edward, who died without iffue.
King Hemy 8. afterward dignified with this honour
Henry Stafford, deſcended from the Buckingham-fa-
mily, who not long enjoying his title, dyed without
iſſue. Ar laſt it came to the family of the Bo/lens by
the favour of the ſame King, who made Thomas
Bol/en V iſcount Rechferd (deſcended from an Heireſs
of Th. Butler Earl of Ormond ) Earl of -iltſhire;
whoſe daughter Am the King married, which match
was unfortunate to her ſelf, her Brother, and her Pa-
rents; but lucky for England, becauſe ſhe it was that
cellent management of the Kingdom, and is
highly to be admired for many great virtues much
above her ſex. But when this Thomas Bollen died
without iſſue male, of grief occaſion'd by the un-
happy fate of his Children ; this title lay dormant,
until King Edward 6. qualified therewith William
Treaſurer of England, in whoſe poſterity it yet re-
maineth.
, There was alſo in the Saxon times one Erhelhbelm that was
3 And hereby runneth the limit between this ſhire and Berkſhire.
There are in this County 304 Pariſhes.
ADDITIONS to WILTSHIRE,
a ILTSHIRE, in Saxon Wilcun-
rcyne, and: by the Hiſtorians of
ſucceeding ages,melted by degrees
into our Hilrſhire, call'd alfo Pro-
wincia Semerana, and Sewernia, or Provincia Sewvero-
rum, is the largeſt mid-land County of any in Eng-
»* appen- land, as may be eaſily obſerved by the * ancient
dix ro the computation of it's Hides. For we find that in
the Engliſh F/alryſire ( as 'tis there term'd ) were 4890 hides,
torians. which is more by 2coo, than any Shire mention'd by
that Author. The 39 miles in length, and 29 in
breadth, which Spede afligns to it, will be found too
little both ways, upon an accurate ſurvey.
[ a ] Our Author obſerves, among other advan-
'_ tapes, that this County is watered with the [/s,
TR , which afterwards takes the name of TT hamiſis. An er-
conjunttion For With which the world is fo poſlets'd, that *ewill
ot Thame be a hard matter to make them part with it ; not-
and [/r., . . . . , .
withſtanding it plainly appears that this river was
always calld Thames, or Tems, before ever it came
near Thame. For inſtance, in an ancient Charter
granted to Abbot Aldbelm, there is particular men- '
tion made of certain lands upon the eaſt part of the |
river, cujus vocabulum Temis, juxtas vadum qui ap- |
pellatur Summerford ; and this ford is in Wiltſhire. | large ; the rampire on the ſouth-ſide.
The ſame thing appears from ſeveral other Charters
granted to the Abby of Malmsbury, as well as that
of Eneſham, and from the old Deeds, relating to
Cricklade. And perhaps it may fafely be affirmed,
that in any Charter or authentick Hiſtory it does
not ever occur under the name of 1/s ; which indeed
is not ſo much as ever heard of but among ſcholars :
the common people, all along from the head of it
down to Oxford, calling it by no other name but
that of Thames. So allo the Saxon Temere (from
whence-our Tems immediately comes) is a plain
evidence, that that Is. never dreamt of any fach
conjuntion But farther, all our Hiſtarians that
mention the Incurſions of Athelwold into Wiltſhire,
A. D. gog.. or of Canute, AD. 1016. tell ns, that.
they paſs'd over the Fhames at Cricklade. For'the'
original of the word, ic plainly ſeems to be Britiſh,
parts of England of almoſt the ſame name with ic ;
as Tame in Staffordſhire, Teme in Herefordſhire, Ta-
mar in Cornwall, &c. And the learned Mr. Llwyd
affirms it to bethe fame with their Taf, which is the
name of many riversin Wales; the Romans changing
the pronunciation of the Britiſh (f) into (m,) as
the Latin word Demetia, is in Welſh Dyfed.
in the Map, it ſeems to be fo far from having been
drawn for a boundary between the Weſt-Saxons and
Mercians ( as our Author would have it, ) that it
was probably made long before the ſettlemene of
the Mercian Kingdom , wiz. by Cerdick the firſt
King of the Welſt-Saxons, or by Kerric his fon,
againſt the incurſions of the Britains, who even in
K. Ceaulin's time (as Malmsbury tells us) made
frequent inroads into this County from their garri-
ſons at Bath, Gloceſter, and Cirenceſter. And the ſame
Hiſtorian informs us, that Ceaulm was routed by the
becauſe one may obſerve ſeveral rivers in ſeveral
Britains, not ( as other writers) at }/odensburgh, but
at Wodeneſdic ; which ſeems to intimate that it was
made before that time, and was then a boundary
between the two people.
The rampire and graff of this Wanſditch are very
And be-
ſides this ditch, there are ſeveral others of leſs note
ſtill viſible upon the plains, eſpecially about Srone-
benge ; and in the + Saxon-Charter of lands belong- + v
ng to Wilron-Abbey, there is mention made of no
leſs than 14 diſtin Dikes ; ſo that probably the Sax-
ons might-draw them to divide the great Lordſhips,
or for ſomeſuch 90% 5
{ c ] Upon what ground'Mr. Camden places #« vs
densburge upon this Dike, does not appear. There **
are no remains of ſuch a name in any village near it,
except it be Woodborow, three miles fouth of it : but
then there is nar the leaſt ſign-or tradition of a bat-
tle f thece. One: would rather gueſs that Wav:
borow, OR the borders of Wiltſhire and.Barkſhire, is
the town mentiond-by our Hiſtorians. For as #*-
denſdic pat into Wanſdick , fo might Wodensburgh by
theſame reaſon be chang'd into. Wantark, or Wanbc-
row. And without doubt this has'been formerly a
town
To
——— —— —- - - —
gave birth to that excellent Princeſs Queen El:za- qu:
beth, who doth merit eternal honour for her ex- 4c:
Powlet Lord S. Fobn of Baſms, whom afterwards he ge,
raiſed to be Marqueſs of Wincheſter, and Lord High 7.
»
[ b ] As for Wanſditch, the courſe whereof is trac'd y
1 :
iv
ol
VWILTSAHTRE.
—— x PJ i ww "
—
vide.
town of great note, as appears by - the- quanticies of
Roman Coins that have been vently found art
ie; and the neighbourhood of a Saxon Camp on
Badbury-hill, plainly ſhews that the battle muſt Sap
been forght hereabouts. [2e”
ſd] Now to begin with North-Wiltſhirez the
Thames before it comes to Creekl/ade, receives from
the north a little river call'd Churn, not far from
which is Pultoy, a town within the bounds of Glo-
ceſterſhire, yet belongs to and is reckon'd a part of
Wiltſhire ; where was a Priory of the Order of S.Gil.
bert, founded in the time of Edw. r.
After this brook has enter'd the Thames, they
go to Cricklade, call'd Creckanford , Cricgelada, &c.
and by the Saxon-Annals Cneccazelave and Cnzc-
cilade ; where, (if the Monkiſh Writers could always
be rely'd upon ) we might ſafely ſettle a Greek
ſchool, which they in a manner unanimouſly affirm
to have been founded, or rather reſtored by that
learned Archbiſhop of Canterbury Theodorus. But
thoſe over-credulous Authors ſeem to have no other
grounds beſides the bare affinity of names ; and
-m to make that a good argument, || are willing to
MTs
59
have it call'd Greklade, which makes their opinion
ſo much the more plauſible. How true the mart-
ter of fa&t may be, I ſhall not undertake to deter-
13 mine, fince + that point has been already pretty
warmly manag'd oh both ſides. It is certain how-
ever that Cricklade has formerly been a town of great
reputation ; for it appears by the Red Book in the
Exchequer, that there once belong'd to it 1300 Hide-
lands, and it gave name to the Hundred of Cricklade,
which is now united to that of High-worth., But if
it's Creek-{chool have nothing to 7 ning it, beſides
the ſimilitude of names; I fancy it may with more
reaſon be deriv'd either from the Britiſh Cerigwlad,
i.e. a ſtony country (to which the nature of the
ſoil does very well agree ) or from the Saxon cpzcca
a brook, and ladian to empty ; for here the Churn and
Rey empty themſelves inco the Thames. It has now
a Eree ſchool, founded by Robert Fenner Eſq. and en-
dow'd by him with 40 1. per Anmum.
[ e ] The river Avon is our next guide, call'd for
diſtin&tion's fake Lower-Awvon, probably the Antona
of Tacitus, and the Bladon of William of Malmesbu-
ry ; which at it's firſt entry into Wiltſhire croſſes
” the Fof-way, {till very plain in this pare of the coun-
*
try. From Cirenceſter it comes into this County near
" Kemble, and ſoruns welt of Crudwell (which gave the
title of Baroneſs to Lady Mary Lucas of Crudwell,
> whoſe Father Fohn Lord Lucas * built here a Free-
ſchool, and endow'd it with 20 |. per An.) by 4ſbley to
Long Newnton. Then welt of Brokenbridge to Eaſton-
* Grey, and ſo not far from Sherfton, which appears to
"n
i. Þ
have b:en a Roman ſtation, as well by it's ſituation
near this Conſular Way, as by the Roman Coins fre-
quently found at it. Some of the ſilver ones, wiz.
of Anteninus, Fauſtina , Gordianus, and Fl. Fulianus
are given to Aſhmole's Muſeum in Oxford, by
Mr. Fobn Aubrey, What it's name was inthe Roman
times, we have no light in Hiſtory ; but this in all
probability was the place of battle berween King
Edmund and the Danes, A. D. ro16. call'd by the
Saxon Chronicle Sceoppran. For as the agreement
of the names juſtifie the conjecture, fo do the par-
ticular circumſtances both of the place and action.
The ſeveral barrows hereabouts, put it beyond all
diſpute that there has been a battle; and the Inhabi-
tants have to this day a tradition, that it was againſt
the Danes. Now this of K. Edmund's lays beſt claim
to it, both becauſe Sher/ton-is nearer to Pen ( where
the laſt battle before this was fought ) than an
town yet 'd to be the place ; and alſo
_ account that Florence of ny has left ' of
that matter agrees very well to it. He expr S,
his Sceorſtan was in Wiceis, within the a 029
of this Sherſton is. For there is no doubt, but Wic-
cia extended on both fides the Severn as far -as the
Kingdom of Mercia did : now Camden has obſery'd
out of Ethelwerd, that the' Avon was the limit be-
tween Mercia and the Kingdom of the Weſt-Saxons ;
and the learned || Sir Henry Spelman tells us, that Ald-
belm Abbot of Malmsbury was preſent at a Mercian
T
and Free-ſchool.
Synod"; 'fo that without doube this pare of 7/i/:ſhire
belong'd to Mercia, and conſequently :this Sher
/fon mighe'+be/ in #iceia. - And this is confirm'd by
that pafſage in Brompton, where he ſays,>rhat: obs
cities of *Cirenceſter and Chippenham were inthe ſouth pars
of the Coimtry of the Wiccians. | |
From :
which pariſh; on a Down call'd Ebdown, is a fingle-
ditch'd:Camp ſuppos'd to be Roman. : Hence it goes
of the Inhabitants has handed down, concerning a
great ſlaughter of the Danes in this place. Their
ment in Bury-wood between Colern and North-Iraxall ;
not far from which che Foſſe enters Somerſetſhire ar
the Shire-ſtones.
[f] The Avon having croſs'd the Foſ-way runs di-
QYealdelmerbypig; which Geoffrey of Monmouth,
without any warrant from authentick Hiſtory, af-
firms to have been a town in the Roman times, and
built ſome hundreds of years before their coming
into this Iſland. However, 'tis certain that early in
the Saxon times it was a Caſtle belonging to the Bi-
ſhops of the Weſt-Saxons ; and in all probability
this is the place from whence the Charters from
Eleutherius to Aldhe/m are thus dated, Atam publics
juxta Badon. As tor the Altar-monument in
the Church, ſaid to be King AXchelſtan's, it is fo far
from having been eretedimmediately after his death,
that it ſeemstohave been put up long ſince the Con-
queſt, and poflibly fince the Reformation. For Wil-
liam of Malmsbury tells us, that this King was in-
terr'd under the High-Altar, whereas the monument
is in the Nave of the Church; and graſs grows where
the Choir was. A. D. 956. after the Monks had
had poſſeflion of this Monaſtery 270 years, they
were turn'd out by the command of King Eadwy,
and ſecular Prieſts put in their room; butthe Monks
were reſtor'd by King Edgar. Biſhop Herman would
willingly have tranſlated the Biſhop's See hither, bur
was prevented in his deſign by the diligence of the
under a miſtake, when he tells us, that the feat
the Biſhop of Barkſhire and Wiltſhire was at Maims-
bury ; Radulphus de Diceto, when he calls Odo Bi-
ſhop of Ramesbury, Biſhop of Maimsbury : as allo
Gervaſius Tilburienſis, when he lays that S. Aldbelm bad
the city of Maidulf, that is Scirebury. 'The Abbey
here exceecded all the reſt in Wiltſhire, both in
riches and honour ; the Lord Abbot fitting in Parlia-
ment as Peer of the Realm. |
Robert Jenner Eſq; Goldſmith of London, the
x Car. r. built an Almshouſe here for 8 perlons, and
endow'd it with 4o /. a year.
which place Henry Lord Dawvers was made by
K. Charles r. Earl of Danby. He it was who built
the Phyſick-garden in Oxtord; and among many
other a&s of charity, founded here an Alms-houlſe
Upon che attainder of his brother
and heir Sir Fob Danvers, the town was given by
K. Charles 2. to James then Duke of York, whole
ſecond fon Fames was created Baron of Dantley ; it
was afterwards part of the dowry of Queen Mary,
and ſince the Revolution belongs tothe Earl of Mon-
mouth. |
The Avon bending it's courſe
fame. town to which Xchelwold carry'd his devaſta-
tions, in the year gog. At. which time, Bromzon
ſays; he put to military execution all Bricbendune, (1c.
all in Braden-foreſt ) as far as Brandeſftok, or, as Hig-
den more rightly calls it Bradeneſtcke ; 1o that Poly-
dore Virgil, -Holinſhed, Speed, and our late Hiltori-
ans, are very much miſtaken in aſſerting this to be
Baſingſtoke in Hamſhire.
which is a large oyal camp with double trenches,
fdibly Daniſh.
5: hs [8 2.] For
G 2
me —_ A. bn
| the Fotle paſſes: by Hiderton and W Kington
Littlerow-Drew ; and 10: ealt of Wett-Kmgron; + in + Aubc.Ms
co Caſt le-com , and {o welt ol Slang brewford, the very! Slaughren-
name of which denotes what the conltant. tradition '**
Camp might probably be * chat double: -Entrench- * lbia.
realy to Malmsbury, calld by the Saxon Annals Malmsbury
Monks. So that the + Abingdon Hiſtoriographer Bf ogl 7-6
[ g ] From hence the Avon goes to Dante/ey, of nancy;
ſouthward from, Braden-
hence, -runs near Bradenſtoke, without doubt the *%*<
Somewhat lower, the Awon receives the Caln, a Oldbury-
lictle river riſing at the bottom of Olbury-bill, * on 3. 115,
— CCC CR EP ES AG Os ro OY One -
=ME-L.C A
Cummer-
tord.
(Chron.
I2X.
Chipp*n-
ham.
Deviſes.
Hedding-
ron.
* Gollar.ad
[g2.] For the town of Cas, 'tis probable it arole
out of the ruines of the old Roman Colony on the
other fide of the water near Sradley, where Roman
Coins are frequently found. It was one of the Pa-
laces of the Weſt-Saxon Kings ; and at the time of
the Conqueſt enjoy'd great privileges, one whereof
was, that it never gelded. For ys
ud 1719nam £,ergo neſcitur quot ſunt hide wide.
Not far from
Caln is Cammerford, probably the
Cyr r5 of the Saxon Chronicle, call'd by
Florence of Worceſter K:meresford ; where Athel-
mund, Eart of ' Mercia, making an inroad into the
country. of the Weſt-Saxons, was met by Werſt ar
Earl of Wiltſhire; berween whom was a bloody
battle, wherein both Commanders loft their hives;
bue the vicory fell to the Wiltſhire-men. Upon
fecond thoughts, the circumſtances of that ation
agree more exactly to this place, than * to Kempsford
in Gloceſterſhire ; for ſerting aſide, that the Saxon
name is more cafily melted into Cummerford, Higden
tells us it was out of the bounds of Mercia, Erhel-
mundus (lays he) fines ſuos egreſſus, uſque ad vadum
Chimeresford ; and if fo, it cannot be in Gloceſter-
thire. If there is ( as | have been told ) a large en-
trenchment near this Cs ord, it puts the matter
fo much the more beyond dilpute.
f h ] The Avon having receiv'd this little river,
gocs forward to Chippenham, calld by Bromton, Urbs
Chipenham, one of the chiefeft towns in the King-
dom of the Welt-Saxons, and fo very often menti-
on'd in the Hiſtories of thoſe times. That the Church
there was founded by one of the Huzgerfords (as our
Author obſerves) I am afraid is hardly grounded up-
on any clear authority. The —_—_— indeed, yet
calld Hungerford's Chappel, might pothibly be founded
by Walter Lord Hungerford ; for 21 Henr. 6. he ob-
tain'd a licence for the founding of a in the
Chappel of our Lady, within the Pariſh-Church of
this place. Queen Mary in the beginning of her
reign granted her Charter to this Corporation, which
conliſts of a Bailiff and x2 Burgeſles.
i} Next is the Dew/es, call'd by Weſtminſter
Viſez, and by Walter Hemingford #/#. That this
town was built by Dunvalle King of the Britains, is
fcarce probable : neither is it eafie to imagine that it
ſhould be inhabited by the Romans ; tho? on the
utmoſt part of Rand-way bil! that overlooks the town,
there is a fquare fin pions enter which ſeems
eo point out to us the preſence of the Romans in
choſe parts. The Annotator upon the lite of King
Alfred, has told us upon the authority of Tradition,
thar the Caſtle here was built by that King ; but we
have ground from the beſt Hiſtorians to beheve it
was built, or at leaſt repaird by Roger Biſhop of
Salisbury. Speed ſays, 1+ was one of the goodliett Ca-
ftles in Enrope 3 and Holinſhed, That it v.25 the ſfrong-
eſt bold in England. Which made Ralph Firz.-Svrephen,
in the war berween King Stephen and Mawd the Em-
ef, after he had poſfels'd himfelf of chis Caſtle,
{t, that by the affiſtance of it he would fubxe
all the Country between London and Winchelter.
The government of it was formerly look'd upon to
be ſich an honourable poſt, chat ie has been accepced
—_— greateſt Lords. It was not fo much demo-
I;#h'd, but that ſome ſhew of fortifications were left,
till the Civil Wars ; when ic was befieg'd more than
once. And Sir Ralph Hoptow's being enclos'd herein
by Sir Wilkam Waller, occaſion's that memorable
battle call'd Rundway-fighr, from the Down. upon
which it was fought, July 13. 1643. Now, all the
Fortifications are difmantFd, and the very top of the
Keep ( which Leland calls a work of ncredible coft )
dug up by the Gardiners. 'The town is a very
tous Corporation, confilting of wo great Pariſhes ;
and is govern'e by a Mayor, Recorder, &c.
Not far from hence his Heddington, which with-
out doubt was a Roman town, as is evident. from
che foundations of honſes that have been dug up here
for a mile together, and the finding of filver and
copper coins of ſeveral Roman Emperors ; fome of
which are —_ by Mr. Fob» Aubrey to the Royal
Society, and to Aſhmoles Muſawm in Oxford. Thete
circumſtances, and the ſituation of this Heddingron
efday, Ceu- | pl
on the exact road between Bath and Mariborownh,m ae
the learned Commentator on K.Alfred's like conciude
this to bs the Yerlycto of Antoninus, nlac'd by him 1 5
miles from: Aqu Solis, and 20 from Caner:o, But Hed.
dington not being above 12 from Bath, and but 15 from
Marlsburgh, we mult t look for Yerlucie in fore other
aCcd.
South from heace is Steeple- Lawingten or Eap-La-
ving ton, commonly calld Market Lavington, from the
great Corn-market weekly kept here on Wedneſday.
How long it has been a market-town does nor prc-
ciſely appear; but in the 35 Henr. 6. William de
Beauchamp Lord St. Amond bequeathd his body to be
bury'd in the Chappel of the Chantry of chis place,
and at his death, which happen'd in the fame year,
was ſeiz'd, among ſeveral other Lordſhips in W il:
thire, of Cheping Lawington; which, according to
Mr. Camden's obſervation in Chipperbam, is the tame
with Market-Lavington ; and it ſo, it has been a
market above theſe 200 years at leaſt. The manour
belongs now to the Right honourable James Earl of
Abingdon ; as doth allo the next village call'd +;#-
Levington, Or Lavington Epiſcopi, where his Lordſhip
hath a very pleaſant feat, tinely accommodated with a
park, gardens, a grotto, and ſeveral other conve-
niences. It came to him by marriage with the late
incomparable Lady Eleoncra, one of the daughters
of Sir Herry Lee by Ann his wite, to whom it defcend-
ed as heireſs to the Danverss and Danteſeys, who
had been Lords of this manour for many generati-
ons, two of wham founded and liberally endow'd
the Free-ſchool and Almthoules in this town.
In this Pariſh is Litlerom-Pained, now an obſcure
village, tho? heretofore a market-rown ; which pri-
vilege was obtain'd for it 12 Edward 2, by Joha Lord
P ag anel. or Panel.
The next river the Avon receives is the Here,
which runs not far from MH/tbury, a ſmall Mayor-
town that probably aroſe out of the ruines of the
old Roman one, about half a mile north ; which
without doubt was once very famous, as appears by
the great quantities of Roman coins that have been
here&found. If the Yerlucio of Antoninus were ſertl'd
here, the diſtances from Aqua Solis and Cunetio bet-
ter agreeing in this town than any other, wauld ju-
ftifie fuch a conjetnre. And Holnſhed calls the ri-
vulet that runs near it Here: which might give name
to the town ſeated upon it, Ver/ucio. Thenew nawe
Weſt bury, is purely Saxon ; and it was natural enough
tor them to give this name 'to a rown which they
found to be the molt conſiderable in theſe eters
parts ; calling it by way ot eminency Werranbypisz;
in the ſame manner as they did the great neighbour-
ing waod known by the name of Se/o0d : tor ſome
Copies of the Saxon Annals read it fimply Wercan-
puca, others WerTan-Sele-puda.
[ k }Near Weltbury is a village calld Leigh, or Ley,
which is moſt probably the place where K. Altred
encampd the night betore he fer upon the Danes at
Eddingion. For the name cames very near it, it be-
ing an eaſie miſtake for the Saxon Scribe to write
A.zlea far z< Lea: here is allo a field call'd Conrtficls,
and a garden achoyning encampab d with a moart ;
| 4
and a tradition goes that here was a palace of one ot
the Saxon Kings. Clay-bill by the lound might bid
lair enough for this «glee ; but then it would have
been a piece of very ill condu&t in King Elfred to
have pitcht his tence upon fuch a high place, viſible
from all parts of the Country, when he intended to
ſurprize the enemy. So that it is more likely he
march'd along this vale, which was then aver-ſpread
with woods that were a part of Se/wad-foreff. Be-
fide, Clay«bill ſhows no marks of any trenches, or
fuch like ; and is too far from Eddingies, where the
was iq the fields between the rown and Bra: 1ox-
caſtle; which wichout doube was the fortification whi-
ther the Danes fled afrertheir conc, and held out a fiege
of 14 days. For it is feated upon the extremity of 2
high hill which commands alt the councry, being
encompaſs#d wich ewo deep dirches and rampires
propertionable. The form of ic is oval, it length
yo paces, and almoſt 20g beoad in the wideſt pacr.
ar the midi of jr is a targe abtong barrow , 69
paces
—
_
4 =
Xe z
Wiard
-.
Lax
Eat
L tir
Pay
\Y; bs
Ley.
#14
W ILTSHIRE
”.:. cords quoted
” g/icenm, and
paces long, prabably the burying-place of ſome of
the Daniſh Nobility here ſlain. Within this vaſt En-
crenchment, there have been ſeveral pieces of old
tron-armour plough'd up. Ir hath but two entrances,
fortify'd with out-works ; the one toward the ſourh-
eaſt, opening to the plain ; the other toward the
north-eaſt, keading direatly down to Eddingtor.
. #1] North from hence is Trwbr:dge, the Saxon
name whereof, our Author tells us, is Tpupabmg,
and upon that interprets it 4 frm or true bridge.
Where he met with the name, 1 know not ; but 'tis
much more probable, that the right name is Trok
bridge; for, beſide the natural melting of / into «,
there is a Tithing in the Liberty and Pariſh call'd
Trol, and a large Common near it of the ſame name.
Alſo in a Manufcripe Hiſtory of Britain ( which is
a Compendium of Geffrey of Monmouth) the place
is written Trolbridge ; where *tis faid to have been
built by Molmutivs.
\ Fm} Next is Bradford, a town of good note for
the cloathing trade ; which beſide the hight mention-
ed by Mr. Camden, was famous in the Saxon times
for the Monaſtery buite here by Aldhelm, and de-
{troy'd in the Daniſh wars ; as alſo upon the account
of a Synod probably held here, A. D. 964. in which
S. Dunſtan was elected Biſhop of Worceſter.
[n] The weft limit of this Shire runs by Farley-
caſtle, which tho' in Somerſerſhire, yet part of the
Park belonging to it lyes in Wiltſhire : and in this
part, not many Years ago, there was dug up a Ro-
man pavement of Chequer-work, a piece whereof
was given to 4ſhmole's Muſzum in Oxford by Mr.
Aubrey.
[ o ] Southward from hence upon the weſtern li-
mit, we £0 by Longleat, the noble ſeat of the hono-
rable Thomas Thyme Lord Viſcount Weymonth ; to
Mere, \@ calld probably from being a Meapc or
Land-mark ; for it is near the borders of Wiltſhire,
Somer{etſhire, and Dorſetſhire. In the neighbourhood
of this town and Stourtron, are 4 Entrenchments, one
of which in Stourton-park is double-ditch'd, and calFd
by Leland Fhirefhole-hill, probably the Camp of the
Danes in one ot the bartels at Pey.
. [p} Upon the little. river Deverill, is Werminſter,
by Camden thought to be the Verlucro of Antoni-
nus : but that opinion 1s not back'd with Coins or
other remains of the Romans that have been difco-
verd there; and beſide, we have ſhewn before, that
Weſtbury is a more probable place, Concerning it's
ſtate in the Saxon times, I think our Hiſtorians are
ſilent ; only we may obſerve, that upon the Downs
on the eaſt-ſide of the town, there are two Camps ;
the one call'd Bartle-bury, having double-works, and
ſo probably Daniſh ; the other Scratchbury, a ſquare
ſingle-trench'd fortification.
n Pa) About 3 miles to the eaſt, is Heitshwry, where
IWalter Lord Hungerford, Lord High Treafurer of
England, founded an Hoſpital for x2 poor men and
one woman ; with an allowance for a Chaplain, who
was likewiſe to be Warden, and to teach a Free-
ſchool. Bnt this being not fully perform'd in his
life-time, Margaret, his fon Robert Lord Hungerford's
widow, effeted it; and it remains to this day.
. Fr] Farther down upon the river Willey is Taneſ-
bury, which 'tis ſomething ſtrange our Author ſhould
affirm to be a Roman Camp ( which were for the
moſt part ſquare, and had only a ſingle wvallwmn,)
when he tells us at the fame time, this has a double.
ditch; a way of encamping not oblerv'd by any Au-
thor to have been us'd by that nation. It's being ſo
rery like Bratton-ca#tle, only m_— and
of an oval form, would induce-one to believe it Da-
niſh. The length of it is 360 paces, and it has three
entrances, one toward the north; another toward the
fouth, and a third ( which is the principal, and
fortify'd with out-works 'after the Daniſh faſhion, )
toward the eaſt. -
{ f ] From hence the Filley runs to Wilton, prov'd
to have been formerly calld Ellandune from the Re-
our Author, from the * Mona#F. Aw
m Arian Tines MS. ColleRtions ;
where we find, E!lendinia, or Ellendima, that is E
lerze donne, or a place naked, deſolate, or wild ; from
hence is Wyldton or Wylddoun: and te tells us imme-
diately after, that he takes Eilendwe to be Salkbary-
plam. Bur in what language"is it chat'#Vkn of E!-
lendge ſignifie wild, or in what age was Wikon call'd
IWyldten or Wyld-dewn? Notwithitanding theſe antho-
ricies, the circumſtances of King Egbert's haztel wich
Beornwulf, make the opinion ſuſpicious ; For *is not
probable that Egbert, the moſt powerful Prince in
the Iſland, ſhould let an enemy make an inroad into
the very heart of his kingdom without any {i-
tion. And*tis as unaccountable, why nohe of our
Hiftorians ſhould tell us the battel was fought at 7/1
ron, when it is plain the town was known by this
name long before that time. To place Ellmdwne here,
as unreafonable, as Bromton's ſertling ir in
UE en
iddlefex. Bur if the authority of the F Win + Monat.
Annals may be allowed in this cafe, the controverſie 39s!
is clearly enough decided. For they tell us expreſly,
this fight was at Elendun, a mannour belonging to
the Prior of Wincheſter: now this can be ho other
place than Elimgdon near Highworth (upon the bor-
ders of the Mercian kingdom,) which ohts belong'd
to the Monaſtery of S. Swithis.
1 :
I. p. 31.
\
44) av
{ t ] We come next to Salihwry, the old' Sorbieda- Sorbiodu-
Mem ; which our Author, upon the information of a
Welſhman, affirms to ſigniftie a dry hill, ins that lan-
guage, Yet thoſe who are Maſters of that Tongue,
cannot diſcover any thing in it, that both anfwers
the ſound of Sorbiodunum, and can poflibly be wreſt-
ed to that ſenſe. The Saxons indeed, ſeem to have
drawn their Seaperbymg from this quality of the
ſoil, reanan in that language ſignifying to 4y ; but
without having any eye to the old Sorbiodunum :
which I take to be a more probable original than ei-
ther Hollingſhed's derivation of it from Salishary int
Germany, or John Roſs's, from a tower buile here
by Julius Czfar, which he ſays might be call'd Cz-
ſaris burgus, and fo corrupted into Sarizhurge ; as Ce-
ſar Auguita in Spain into Sarogoſa. Bur ſerting aſide
that Julius Czfar did not purſue his victorivs thus far,
that denomination is not warranted by any Author ;
and to be ſure Antoninus would have us'd che true
genuine Roman name, if there had been any ſuch.
[ vu] How it came by the name Severia, T cannot
certainly tel] ; but 'tis poſlible enough, that Severn
the Emperor living moſt of his ume in Dritaine,
might ſometimes reſide here ; and either by re-edi-
fying the town, or doing ſome other memorable
thing at it, might derive upon it that name, which
occaſion'd the calling of this County Severnia, and
Provincia Severorum. However, that jt was much
frequented in the times of the later Emperots, appears
'by the Coins of Conftans, Magnentizs, Conflantine,
and Cyiſþus, found thero.
{w] In the Saxon times, between Cynric's taking
it, and K. Fpgbert's age, we meet with no mention
of it : but this Prince very often reſided here ; and
K. Edgar. calf'd here a Parliament or Great Council
A. 960. After the Conqueſt it flouriſh'd mightily ;
the Norman Kings very commonly living, and fotne-
times holding their Parkaments here. |
[x ] The 1nfolence of the Garriſon, hinted to by
our Author, was, no doubt, one great cauſe of their
removing. For the Caſtle, which formerly belong'd
to the Biſhop, was upon the difference berween King
Stephen and Biſhop Roger, fſeis'd by the King, who
plac'd a Governour and a garriſon in ie. But that be-
ing look'd upon as a violation of the Liberties of the
Church, gave occaſion for frequent differences ; by
which the Biſhop and Canons were induc'd to the
choughts of removing into a place where they might
be lefs diſturb'd. This was projedted by Herebert ws
Pauper (the brother and immediate predec2flor of
Richard Poor) in the reign of Richard t. But that
King dying before the defign could be effefted, ard
the turbulent reign of K. John _— they werg
fordd to lay aſide the thoughts of it Oy 4's
reign, wherein it was reviw'd and comp y
Richard Poor. Not bue Mr. Camden is in the right
when he tells us that che citizens, for the caules
him mention'd, began by degrees to rerhove from
Old Sarum inthe reign of Richard 1. Atid this ferves
to corred thoſe, who think that the Biſhop and Cler-
&Y
num.
Salwhiry.
Seyoria.
[r's Condi-
tion in thc
Sazon
r1Mmcs.
Cauſe of
the remo
Y 1 .*
8 4 F @©t.
Ic
— —— —————— — —— —
remov'd firſt, and that the Citizens follow'd ; or,
at leaſt, that they remov'd about the ſame time.
[ y-] The foundation of the New-Cathedral was
begun the 4th of the Calends of May, A. D. 1220.
for the more effeual carrying on whereof, we find
that Biſhop Poor in lis Conſtitutions, recommended
to all Prieſts in his Dioceſe, the putting dying per-
ſons in mind of a charitable contribution to this in-
tended fabrick. But a diſtin& account of thoſe mat-
ters may in due time be expected from Mr. Tamner's
larger Hiſtory of this Church and County 5 whoſe
great abilities, and the model he has already drawn
of it, encourage us to hope for a more complete and
accurate Work than any thing of that kind the world
has yet ſeen: the Undertaker not contenting him-
ſelf with a bare account of Families, but ſo contriving
the whole, as to include both Brit:[b, Rowun, Saxon,
and Daniſh Antiquities ; with ſomething of Natural
Number of Hiſtory.
DC”, Only, I cannot omit taking notice of an er-
ror oblerv'd in our Author by the preſent worthy
and learned;Dean of this place. Ir has (ſays Mr. Cam-
den) 33 Prebendaries : and when he wrote this, 'tis
very potiiþle there might be but 33 Prebends actual-
ly tull; cho! the ſuccefiion about that time 1s deli-
ver d {o impertealy, that there is only room for
conjecture. But whatever might cauſe the miſtake,
*tis certain when Mr. Camden wrote, that there
were 41 ſingle Prebends in this Church, beſides four
annex'd to the Dignities of the Biſhop, Dean, Chan-
cellour, and Treaſurer. When the Church of New-
Sarum was built, it had Fo. beſides thoſe annex'd as
aforeſaid ; but by ſuppreffion of 5; diſſolution of 2,
and alienation of two more, they were reduc'd to this
number. There were 5 more alienated, but 5 others
were erected in their ſtead, of which Mr. Camden
himſelf had that of Ifarcomb for above 30 years.
[aa ] The other ornaments of this place, in ſhort,
are, the Cloyſter ( faid by Leland to be the moſt
magnificent in England, ) the Library buile by Bi-
ſhop Jewel, with the Ctrapter-houſe of a large oa-
gonal figure, and ſuſtain'd only by a ſmall marble
pillar in the middle ; as alſo the College buile and
endow'd b7 Biſhop Ward for 10 Miniſter's widows.
In that part of the Suburbs of Salisbury call'd Harn-
ham, flood the College de Vaulx, which was built by
Gules de Bridport, Biſhop of this place, An. Dom. 1260.
tor the entertainment of ſeveral Scholars who retir'd
hicher upon account of ſome diſturbances at Oxford.
Here they ſtudy'd Univerſity-Learning ; and havin
a teſtimonial from their Chancellour of their progre
in Learning, frequently went to Oxford and took
their Degrees. And 1o they continu'd even till Le-
land's time, who ſpeaking of it, has theſe words:
That part of theſe Scholars remain in the College in Sares-
byri, and have two Chaplains to ſerve the Church there
dedicated to S. Nicholas: the reſidue ſtudy at Oxford, &Cc.
Beyond this is the great Bridge call'd Harnham-
bridge, which was built by virtue of a privilege that
Richard Poor obtain'd of Henry 3. when New-Sarum
was incorporated, viz. Quod ad emendationem ejuſdem
civitatti, wvias CO pontes ad eam ducentes mutent, &
transferant, & faciant ſicut vidermt expedire, ſalwo jure
eu;uſicbet. In purſuance of which power , Robert
Bingham, his next ſucceſſor, huilt this ſtately Bridge,
An. 1245. which I the rather take notice of, becauſe
i made ſuch a conſiderable alteration in Wilton, and
this place; for by bringing the great Weſtern road
this way, the firſt preſently decay'd, and the latter
| Vid.p.20o. (Which by the by, {| Matrbew Weſtminſter reckons as
be % IF a Gy of it felf diſtin& from 7iltſhire) dayly im-
= 4.
T2 [bb] The Earldom of this place, which was be-
Harnham-
bridge.
—_————
ſtow'd upon the Cecils in the reign of James 1. has:
continud in that family ever-ſince, and is now poſ:
lelsd by Fames of that name.
Not far from this place is We#t-Deane, the ſeat of
Sir Fobm Evelyn Knight, of the Surrey-family ; and
now devoly'd to a daughter, is in the poſleflion of the
- honorable Evelys Earl of King ton.
cc] Going along wich the Avon, -we paſs by
Langford. Langford, the ſtately ſeat of the honorable Henry
Hare, Viſcount, Colcrain in Ireland, a great admi-
Weſt-Dean.
; whereof are the footſteps of two Royal Palaces, K:ng-
o_
rer of Antiquities ; then by Clarendon, in the Park Cize.
manoar and Queen-menour. Belides the famous Parlia-
ment held here, temp. Hen. 2. there was another ſum-
mon'd to meet here by King Edw. 2. Anno 1317.
but the difterences at that time between the King and
the Barons were 1o high, that nothing of any moment
was tranſafted. This place was honourd in the time
of Charles 2. by giving the title of Earl to Edward
Hide, Baron of Himdon, Viſcount Cornbury, and [ord
Chancellor of England ; who dying at Roan in Nor-
mandy, was ſucceeded by his eldeſt fon Henry.
Not far from Clarendon is Farle, where Sir Stephen Fu,
Fox, one of their Majeſties Commiſſioners of the
Treafury, out of a reſpect to his native place, has
founded a Hoſpital for 6 old men and as many old
women ; with a Maſter who is to teach a Free-
{chool here, and to officiate in the Church, which he
alſo built fiom the ground a new, (in room of an old
ruin'd Chappel ) and made it Parochaal.
Northward of this is Frippsbury, a very great en- Fi;
trenchment of a rude circular torm, it's Diameter
containing 3oo large paces ; it 1s lingle-trench'd,
{ about 80 paces within the outer circumvallation, is
but the dicch is deep and the rampire high. Only,
a deep trench without a rampire. It has only two en-
trances, one by eaſt and the other on the weſt ; and
there is ſome probability of it's being Saxon.
[ d.1] About 7 miles north of NewsSalrsbury is Stone. Store,
benge ; a piece of Antiquity ſo famous, as to have gaind ©®
the admiration of all ages,and engag'd the pens ot ſome
very conſiderable Authors. *Tis of it felt fo ſingular,
and receives ſo lictle light from hiſtory, that almoſt
every one has advanc'd a new notion. To give the
ſeveral conjectures, with ſome ſhort remarks, is as
much as.the narrow compals of our deſign will allow,
But not to hunt after ſuch uncertainties, and in the
mean time paſs over what lays before our eyes; we
will premiſe a deſcription of the place as it now
ſtands, much more diſtin&t than what Mr. Camden
has left us.: It is ſituated on a riſing ground, envi-
ron'd with a deep trench,ſtill appearing and about 30 Ce
foot broad. From the plain it has had three entran-
ces, the moſt conſiderable lying north-eaſt ; at each
of which was rais'd on the out-fide of the trench ewo
huge ſtones gate-wiſe ; parallel whereunto, on the in-
fide, were two others of leſs proportion. Aiter one
has paſs'd this ditch, he aſcends 35 yards before he
comes at the Work it ſelf, which conſiſts of 4 Circles
of Stones. The outward Circle is about 100 foot dia-
meter, the ſtones whereof are very large, 4 yards in
height, 2 in breadth, and x in thickneſs. Two yards
and a halt within this great Circle, is a range of leſ-
ſer ſtones. Three yards farther is the principal part
of the work, call'd by Mr. Jones The Cell, of an irre-
gular figure made up of two rows of ſtones ; the
outer of which conſiſts of great upright ſtones in
height 20 foot, in breadth 2 yards, and in thicknels
one yard. Theſe are coupl'd at the top by large
tranſome ſtones like Architraves, which are 7 foot
long, and about three and a half thick. Within this
was alſo another range of leſſer Pyramidal ſtones of
about 6 foot in height. In the inmoſt part of the
Cell, Mr. Jones oblery'd a ſtone ( which is now
gone ) appearing not much above the ſurface of the
earth and lying toward the eaſt, 4 foot broad and
ſixteen foot long ; which was his ſuppos'd A4ltar-ftone.
And ſo much for the ſtructure and dimenſions of
the Monument ; only it may in general be obſerv'd,
that the ſtones are not artificial, as Mr. Camden and
ſome others would perſwade us, but purely natural,
as Mr. Jones, p. 35. has aſſerted. The opinions abouc
it may be reduc'd to theſe 7 heads; 1. That it 1s 4
work of the Phoenicians, as Mr. Sammes in his Bri-
tapnia Conceits; a conjecture that has met with fo
little approbation, that I ſhall not ſtay to confute it.
2. That it was a Temple of the Druids long betore
the coming in of the Romans ; wkich Mr. Zobn 4«-
brey, Fellow of the, Royal Society, endeavours to
prove in his Manuſcript Treatiſe, entitl'd Aonumerts
Britannica. 3. That it was an old Triumphal Britiſh
Monument, erected to Anaraith the Goddeſs of V1-
ory, after a bloody battel won by the illuſtrious
JStammngs
G
44
I —_— CET A— _
_ — — — — — — — — ——
FL To
Stanings and his Cangick Giants, from Divitiaczs and
his Be/ge ; and that the Captives and Spoils were
facrific'd to the ſaid Idol in this Temple. An opini-
on advanc'd (upon what gronnds I know not) in
an anonymous MS. writ about the year 1666, and
now in the hands of the learned Mr. Andrew Paſchal,
Recor of Chedzoy near Bridgewater. 4. That it was
a monument raisd by the Britains in memory of
HIRE.
— _ ———
Writers, who tell us 'rwas the ſepuichre of che Brittth
Kings, or <lfe rais'd in memory of che Britains here
maſlacr'd by the Saxons. For, not to mention the
improbability ot what thoſe Authors have deliver'd,
they tell us tarther, that che Kings bury'd, or Britains
martyr'd in this place, were Chriſtians. Now *is
{trange, if fo, there ſhoud be no Crofs, nor any
other roken of the Chriſtian Faith, upon this monu-
Brit.
uſh,
ad
Queen Boadicia;z advanc'd by the Author of Nero-
Ceſar. 5. That it was a Temple built by che Ro-
mans to the God Celum or Termmas, of the Tuſcan
order ; is Mr. Foner's, in his ingeniousConjecture up-
on this ſubjet. 6. That it was the burial-place of
Uther Pendragon, Conſtantine, Ambrofins, and other
Britiſh Kings ; or as others would have it, a monu-
ment erected by Ambrofius in memory of the Bri-
tains here ſlain. 7. That it was a Daniſh monument,
erected cither for a burial-place, a trophy for ſome
victory, or a place for the eleftion and coronation
of their Kings.
Theſe are all the opinions have been advanc'd
about it. And in general, I ſhould think one need
make no ſcruple to affirm that it is a Britiſh monu-
ment, ſince it does not appear that any other nation
had fo much footing in this kingdom, as to be Au-
thors ofſuch a rude and yet magnificent pile. For,
to paſs by the Phcenicians ; that 1t could not be buik
by the Romans, is evident from the rudeneſs of the
whole work. So that (as * Mr. Aubrey has very well
obſerv'd ) whilft Mr. Fones pleaſes himſelf with retriew-
ing a piece of ArchiteFure put of Vitruvins , be abuſe;
hu reader by a falſe ſcheme of the whole work. For the
Cell is not of an exa&t Hexagonal figure, but very ir-
regular, and comes nearer a Heptagon ; ſo that the
whole work cannot be form'd upon the baſis of four
equilateral triangles, as Mr. Jones fuppos'd. Neither
are the entrances into the trench ſo regular and fo
equidiſtant, as that Author would make them. Till
theſe and ſome other doubts ( which may be rais'd
from the order of the building) be refolvd, and till
we are afſur'd from good authority, that the Romans.
us'd to build ſuch ftupendous piles, 6 or 7 miles from
any of their Stations, without any Inſcription or any
Roman coin ever found near them ; it cannot be
ſafe to cloſe with Mr. Fones, tho' his book otherwiſe
be a learned and ingenious Piece.
Nor could it be built by the Danes, as for many
other reaſons, ſo particularly becauſe *tis mention'd
in ſome Manuſcripts of Ninnivs, who, as every body
knows, wrote almoft 2co years before the Danes
were Maſters of any confiderable part of this Iſland.
Other arguments that make againſt this, may be had
from Mr. Webb's Vindication of Stonehenge re#tor'd, in
which he hath endeavourd with a great deal of
Learning, to defend his father-in-law, Mr. Jones's
Scheme ; tho' that be in it ſelf falſe.
One great argument by which Mr. Jones eftabliſh-
es his own opinion, is, that *tis a thing altogether
improbable, the Britains could build fuch a Monu-
ment. But the contrary is evident from the forrifica-
tions of Caratacus's Camp; from the vaſt ſtones men.
tion'd by Dr. Plots to be in or near the Britiſh ciry
or fortification by Wrorrefley in Staffordſhire ; and
from the parcels of ſtones ( not unlike Sronebenge )
that are in ſome parts of Scotland and Wales, whi-
ther the Romans and Danes never came. *Tis true,
thoſe monuments have not their Architraves, (which
Stenebenge has not only in the ſtones round the Cell,
but alſo on the great ſtones of the utmolt circle ; )
and this makes it probable, that Stonehenge was built
afrer the Romans came in, and in imitation of ſome
of their ſtru&ures ; tho? as to the general part of the
work, it appears to have” been martificial, and fa-
vours of their primitive rudeneſs. For that the Bri-
tains, among other parts of.humanity and neat living,
learn'd ſomething of Arthittfwre from the Romans,
D nr from the.life of Agrica/a. |
n that arher point, the” 9ccaſion upon which it
Was buife, *tis eafiet to confure thoſe” opiniotis thar
bare alteady 'd, rHaty ro detiver''true/ one.
There is no authotity to convince a man of the'ttuth
of what Nero'Ceſar, or Miri Paſthats MS.'Have'Hid
down ; and "tis hard, to aſſent to the later Britiſh
ment. What reaſon can be given why the ſurviving
friends of theſe Princes and Noblemen ſhould not be
fo careful of their memory, as they of the ſame age
were of King Arthur's, in whoſe monument at Ghaſ-
ſenbury was found fo diſtinct an Inſcription ? Bur
what makes more againſt this opinion, are the alhes
and pieces of burnt bone here frequently found ;
by which it is plain, it was no Chriſtian burial-
place ; ſmce ſacrifices and the cuſtom of burning the
dead grew out of uſe, upon the receiving of the
Chriſtian Faith.
tum, but Chores nobilzs, or elſe that gawre is pur for
vanre, which makes it Chorea magna ; is probable
enough. Bur the true Saxon name ſeems to be Srar-
hbenge#F (-and ſo it is writ in the + Monaſticon, 0:
of a Manuſcript of good authority.) from the 1me- ©
morable ſlaughter Heng:i# the Saxon hore 1yade
the Britains. For tho* tis not very piobab'e +! + Hoy
were erected by Ambreſirs in T1emory of the Hy; 1
yet without doubt that treacherous ſlaughter ww:
committed at or near this place. If this Ervmolor
may be allow'd, that receiv'd derivation from «: -
hanging of ſtones, may be as far trom the eruth, 2s that
of the vulgar, Srone-edge from Stones fet on edge. tHow-
ever, it is not like that by the Heeþanne Bynpzelre
mention'd in the Saxon Chartulary of Wikon-Abbey,
Stone-henge is to be meant, as the Editors of the
Monafticon would have it. For not only the words
may be attributed to any barrow rais'd by the
Romans or Danes ( the latter eſpecially who are of-
ten call'd in the Saxon Annals Hxþene men, and ac-
cordingly by Latin Writers Pagam; ) but alſo the
bounds of thoſe places where this Pagaworum ſepulchre-
tum is noted for a Land-mark, could never extend
ſo far by a great many miles as to Srone-henge.
=
pr
[ce
Weſtminſter Pagus Ambri, famous for the Monaſtery
of 300 Monks, founded here by Ambrofius on pur-
volk chat they ſhould pray for the fouls of thoſe that
were flain by the treachery of Hengiſt : as alfo for
being the burial-place of Quinever wite to the viftori-
ous King Arthur, whoſe tomb was found here with-
in this laſt Century, and this Inſcription on the wall
in maſly-gold letters R. G. A. C. 600. the antiquity
of which 1s very ſuſpicious, not only becauſe by this
computation ſhe muſt have liv'd almoſt 5o years after
K. Arthur ; but alſo becauſe ſeveral Hiſtorians of good
credit affirm that ſhe was bury'd at Glaſſenbury. Here
was a Synod held in King Edgar's reign ; and A. D.
995. Elfrick was ek&ed Archbithop of Canterbury
at this place. It enjoy'd great Privileges at the time
of the Conqueſt ; for in Domeſday-book we find,
Amblesbury nunquam geldawvit, nec hidata fur. In the
year 1177. the Abbeſs and 4o Nuns were for their in-
continence and looſe lives expell'd, and diſpers'd into
other Religious Houſes, to be kept under ſtricter
diſcipline; whereupon King Henry gave this Mona-
ſtery to the Abbey of Fontevralr, and ſo a Convent
of thoſe Nuns were ſent over the fame year, and ad-
mitted” into fall poſſeflion of this Abbey. After, ir
came to be in great repute, and nor only Q. Fleancr
was Nun here ; but alſo Mary, daughter of K. Edw. r.
and 13 Noblemen's daughters were veil'd here on
xion-day A. D. 1285x.
of King Hs; above which in the way to Lurpefhall, on
the-hi hitl in Wiltſhire,” call'd Sutbbarg-b1l, is a
vaſ} fortification entorapaſ'd with two deep ditches,
and of atr vvat figure.” All along the de<livicy of the
WA, - there rims a deep trendy dirch'd-orr both fides,
made probably to ſ6ctre their*commemicarion wich
ſome watering plate in the'n&ighbouring Bottrn. Te
: certainly
For the name; Leland's opinion that the Britiſh Name of
one Choir gaure ſhould not be tranſlated Chorea gigan- cb ns6-
}] But now it is time to paſs over the nver, up- Ambre-
on whoſe banks is Ambresbury, call'd by Matthew >*7-
m
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the Country ; and 6 or 7 barrows in the plain be-
neath may be thought to preſerve the memory of a
battle here.
Eſcourt, Near this place is Eſcowrr, where ( not far from
a great Cauſey ſupposd to be a Roman Vicinal
1693, Way ) there was dug up laſt ſummer a large earthen
Y veſſel with two lefler pots in it, one of which was
$S full of aſhes, or bones. The largeſt of theſe might
* Rigaltii probably be an * Obruendarium of the Romans, where-
CIO "1n they inclosd their Yaſcula Cineraria, &C.
Agrarios. About four miles north of this place is Great-Bed- |
+ Monaſt. 22J7, Which in the Saxon times + was a Metropolis
Angl.T. 1. of the bounds of Ciſſa, a Viceroy of Wiltſhire and
<6 ap Berkſhire under the King of the Weſt-Saxons. "This |
Ciſ/a built a Caſtle in the ſouth parc of that city, and
call'd it Ci/ſe, the ditches of which are yet to be ſeen.
Here it was that 7/ulfere and Eſcwin fought a bloody
battle, An. 675. and the place has been lately ho-
nour'd, by giving to the world the moſt famous
Phyſician of his time Dr. Thomas Willis. Not far
Tokenham. from hence eaſtward is Tokenham, the belt ſeat of his |
Grace the Duke of Somerſet.
Being now return'd to the banks of the &von, we
Uphaven. meet with Uphaven, for which Peter de Manly pro-
cur'd a weekly market of Henry 3. by preſenting to
him a Palfrey. About a mile to the weſt is a large
Calterley. irregular Camp calld Caſterley : it has but a ſingle
trench, and the name ſeems to point out to us ſome-
thing of Roman.
Me: don. About 2 miles north-weſt is Merdon, which might
probably enough be the Menecune or Mepedune of
the Saxon Annals, famous tor the battle between
King Etheldred and the Danes. For here remain to
this day the marks of entrenchments, and the largeſt
barrow in theſe parts, except Silbury ; together with
a tradition of a tight, and of ſome great man's be-
ing bury'd under the barrow.
Silbury. | gg | But Silbury is the largeſt and moſt uniform
barrow in this County, and perhaps in all England.
Upon what account it was raisd we have no light
trom antiquity ; the tradition is, that King $1 or
King $:!ber was here bury'd, which if compar'd with
Hiltory,fcomes neareſt to Ceo! King of the Welt.
Saxons, who might pothibly be ſlain hereabouts, as
his Unc'e and Predeceſſor Ceaulin was ſlain at Woden/-
dike ; unleſs one ſhould fay that it comes from rel
wy £11 and beopg a hill or barrow. And ſince our Au-
torres of Chor from this hint makes a digreſlion about Barrows,
barrow. We may allo take notice that there are ſeveral ſorts
of them upon theſe Downs. 1. Small circular trenches
with very little elevation in the middle. 2. Ordina-
ry barrows. 3. Barrows with ditches round them.
4. Large oblong barrows, ſome with trenches round
them , others without. F. Oblong barrows with
{tones ſer up all round them. There are grounds to
beiicve that few or none of theſe are Jand-marks, as
Mr. Camcen would have them.
key: About halt a mile from $:/bury, iS Aubury, * a mo-
* Aubr.Mo- NUmMent 107e contiderab!c in it {c}t, than known to
Brita, vs. ©6e wor'd. For a village of the ſame name being buile
within the circumterence of it, and (by the by) out
of it's ſtones tco ; what by gardens, orchards, in-
clolures, and ſuch like, the piofpect is ſo interrupted,
that *is very haid to dilcover the form of it. Ir is
environ'd with: an extraordinary Failum or Rampart,
as great and as high as that at Wincheſter ; and with-
in it 354 graft ot a depth and breadth proportiona-
ble : from which Mr.A4ubrez inferrs, that it could not
be defign'd tor a fortification, becauſe then the Graft
would: have been on the outlide. From the north to
the ſouth porc aie 60 paces, and as many from the
weſt port to the eaſt. The breadth of the Ramparc
is 4 perches, and that of the graff the ſame. The
graft has been ſurrounded all along the edge of it,
wich large ſtones pitch'd on end, moſt of which are
now taken away ; but ſome marks remaining give
one the liberty co gueſs they ſtood quite round.
+Aubr.ibik. From this place to Feſt-Kennet, is a walk that
Welt-Ki2- has been enclos'd on each ſide with large ſtones, on-
ly one ſide at preſent wants a great many, but the
certainly appears to have been a Daniſh Camp,where- | place, on the brow of the hill, is another Monu-
by they ſeem to have commanded all this pare of
ment, encompaſs d with a circular tiench, and a
double circle of ſtones, four or five toot high, tho'
moſt of them are now fallen down ; the diameter of
the @uter circle 4o yards, and of the inner 15. Pe-
tween HWeſt-Kennet and this place is a walk much like
that from Aubury thither, at leaſt a quarter ot a mile
— ——— ———
in length.
About 80 yards from this monument, in an exact
plain round it, there were ſome years ago great quan-
tities of humaae bones and skeletons dug up ; which
probably were the bones of the Saxons and Danes
ſlain at the battle of Kenner, A. D. 1006.
In the ploughd held near Kenner, ſtand three huge Th-t:
upright ſtones, call'd the DewiPs coits; which (if j ys ,
| Dr. Plot's opinion be true) may be Bririſh Deities, Ou
Upon the fouth-ſide of the Kenner, on the eaſt part 2
of the Martenſall-hill, is a ſingle-trench'd quadrangu- Vir
lar Camp ; the form whereof argues it to be Ro-
man, pas, a braſs Coin of Conſtantine which was found
near this hill, ſtrengthens the conjecture.
Oa the north ſide of the Avon there are barrows,
Oc. lcat:ered all over the Downs, a particular ac-
count whereof may be expected in the deſign'd Hi-
ſtory of Wiltſhire, That large oblong barrow in
remarkable, as being environ'd with great ſtones
about 6 or 7 foot high. And as in this, ſo in all
mius deſcribes, that there is no doubt, but it was the
Sepulcher of ſome Daniſh Commander. |
ſeated on. the top of a high hill, and encompalſsd *:
with a double ditch ; the vaſt fortitication whereof,
the barrows on the adjacent plain, the ſimilitude of
names, the courſe and time of the Saxon Vidtories,
with all other circumſtances, ſeem to point out this
as the Benanbypig, where Kynrick King of the Welſt-
Saxons an4 his ſon Ceaw/m, fought againit the Britains,
in the year 555. Beſides, the modern name of this
place comes a great deal nearer to Bepanbypiz, than
Banbury doth, where Mr, Camden fixes that battle.
For it 1s obſervable, that (an) when it is in the ſe-
cond ſyllable of a place's Saxon-name, is generally lete
out in our modern pronunciation. SO Pahhanbypic
is now Badbwry, Oenantune now Merton, Octanpopd
now Orford, Exanceaycep now Exeter, Nor does
it appear in the leaſt probable, that the Saxons ſhould
have carry'd their Conqueſts fo far as the borders of
Northamptonſhire by that year. The name of Baney-
bypig usd by our Author is not to be tound in any
Copy of the Saxon Chronicle ; fo that an argument
drawn from thence is of no force.
{ hh ] Our next place is Marleburb, by the Saxon Vw:
Annals call d Bax” pany probably the Cunetio of C::
Antoninus. For the Caſtle ſeems to have been a
Roman work, by the braſs Roman Coins found in
ſhaping the Mount, now belonging to the Duke al
Somerſet , which was contriv'd our of the Keep of
che Caſtle. Notwithſtanding our Author's aſleition,
ic was probably of ſome note in the Saxon-times, as
appears by the reverſe of a* Saxon Coin, on which *":
is engraven CVH -:+ NET -:- TI. and the learned ,*.
Annotator's obſervation, that it is to be mcant of Cu-
netium. After the Congueſt, the Caſtle here was ot-
ten belieg'd in the Civil Wars.
The place has afforded the title of Larl to Fame: 6:
Loid Ley, Lord High Treaſurer of England, created
Febr. 5. 1 Car. 1- to whom ſucceeded his fon and
ran hy but the latter being lain withour iſſue
in the ſca-fight againſt the Dutch, 1665. the honour
came to I/ili;am his Uncle, who dy'd without iſſue.
It has of late been conferr'd upon Jebn Lord Churchill,
who now enjoys it. ;
Continuation of the EARLS.
The honours mention'd by our Author in his con-
cluſion of the Earls, have been ever ſince ſuccel
ſively enjoy'd by the Pawlers; and lately encreas'd
by the title of Duke of Bolton in Yorkſhire, which
Charles of that name at preicnt enjoys.
other is almoſt, if not quite entire ; aboye which
Mare
— ” — ——— — ——— - = —- -- = ” - 4
Munkton-field , call'd Milbarrow, is more elpecially ua
other circumſtances, it is ſo like thoſe which + Jor- +1:
About four miles north from hence is Barbury-caſtle, Bri:
% - *
% £ ' "; - .
| goof me; $11
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Cpa'tan,
from an imminent danger, when cloſely beſieg'd by
H AMSHITR E.
More rare Plants growing wild in Wiltſhire.
Agrifolium baccis luteis nondum defcriptum Phye.
Brit. Tellow-berried Holly. By Warder-caſtle belonging
70 the Lord Arundel. This I take to be rather an accrdes
tal variety of Holly, than a diſftin# ſpecies. It hath alſo
been found elſewhere, as at Wiſton im Sbffolk.
Filix foemina odorata Phyr.Brit. Sweer-ſcented Female
Fern. Somewhere about the MarqueS of ords's fo-
rert of Savernake, which I remember the old Earl took
lo much notice of, that he cauſed a fair inſcription to be
made in his garden-pond, at his bouſe of Totnam'near it,
to dire to it. Mr. Stonehouſe. Thus may be enquired in-
:0 by thoſe Herbariſts that live hereabouts.
Gramen caninum ſupinum longiflimum nondum
deſcriptum Phyr. Brit. Long trailing s graſs, By
Mr. Tuckers at Madington ſome nine miles from Salisbury,
with which they fat bogs, and which is four and twenty
foot long. We are not yet ſatisfied what ſort of grafs
this might be ; and recommend the inquiſition thereof to
the induſtrious and skilful Herbariſts of this Countrey,
Gramen geniculatum aquaticum majus 8 minus
Park. who blames Caſp. Bauhine for referring this to the
I{chzmon, calling it Gramen daftylon aquaticum.
He tells us, they both grow in ſundry places of England,
but have been eſpecially obſery/ d, the greater to grow about
| Iikeon, and a great meadow lying among
the rown's end ; and the other at Warminſter, both m this
County. 1 fear they were neither of them well known to
Parkitſon, and wiſh they do not loſe their labour that
ſearch for them m 4s wore
Nafturtium fylv Erucz affine C. B. fylv. Va-
lentinum Cluſio FB, Park. Eruca Naſturtio cognata
h it may,
though 1 never hapned to ſee it there, becauſe h ſoil ſeems
fully.
Polygonatum vulgare Park. Solomon's Seal. See the
Synonymes im the Kent. Cat. In @ buſhy «loſe belonging to
the Parſonage of Alderbury near Clarenden, two miles
from Salizhury. Park. p. 699.
Polygonatum humile Anglicum D. Bobert. Dwarf-
Engliſh Selomon's Seal, Found by Mr. Philip More, Gar-
diner of Grays-Inn, in the Woods of Wiltſhire.
_ — — — - —— — — — -
H A M $S
EXT to Wiltſhire is that Countrey,
which by the Saxons was call'd © Han-
zexcÞyn,now commonly Hamſhire| a |;
the inward part of which without
doubt belongd to the Belge ; that
which lies along the ſea-coalts, to the
Regmi, an ancient people of Britain. Ir is bounded
on the Weſt by Dorſetſhire and Wiltſhire, on the
South by the Ocean, on the Eaſt by Suffex and Sur- | p
rey, on the North by Barkſhire. *Tis a County that
is very fruitful in Corn, and in many places well
wooded ; rich in herbage, and has all ſea commodi-
ties, being well ſituated by it's many creeks and ha-
vens for all fort of traffick. It is thought to have
been the firſt that was reduc'd to the power of the
Romans ; for our Hiltories report, that it was con-
quer'd by Veſpsſian ; and there are ſufficient grounds
to believeit. For Dio tells us, that Plautius and Ve-
7 ae when they were fent by the Emperor Clau-
us againſt che Britains, divided their forces into
three ſeveral parties for the greater convenience of
landing, for fear they ſhould have been more eaſily
repulſed, it they hid attempted a Deſcent all at one
place. And from Suetonius we learn, that Veſpaſian
in this expedition engaged the enz?my 3o times,
and brought under the Roman yoke the Ie of Wight,
which lies oppoſite to this County, and two other
HIRE.
[the Britains, and how a ſnake twiſted round the Ge-
neral at chat time, without doing him any harm ;
which he interpreted as an omen of being afterward
Emperor : learn from Dio and Forcatulus.
Bur falling to my deſign, I ſhall begin with
the weſt-ſide of this County, and having firſt fur-
vey'd the ſea-coaſts, and the rivers that there fall in-
to che Ocean, I ſhall then paſs to the more inland
arts.
the bridges at |
Near the weſtern bounds of this County runs the rjger 4ve-
gentle ſtream of the Avon, which as ſoon as it enters na, or 4vs-
into Hamſhire, meets with the ford of Cerdick, call'd **
formerly Cerdicks ford, * afterwards Cerdeford, and now c.,x;...
by contraction Chardford; from Cerdick a valiant ford.
Saxon. ' For in this place the famous Cerdick enga-
ging the Britains, gave them ſo ſignal a defear ,
that he not only enlarged the limits of his own go-
vernment, but left it eafie for poſterity to maintain
his conqueſts. When before this, in the year of our
Lord F o8.1n a very ſharp engagement, he had con- Natanleod,
quer'd Natanlecd, a potent King of the Britains, with 97 Nzalz-
great numbers of that People ; who is by others call'd
Nazaleod ; and from his name a ſmall trac of land
reaching up to this place was call'd Natanleod, as we
read in the Saxon Annals: in the ſearch after which
place I have beenvery curious, but cannot yet find the
leaſt footſteps of that name | b ], Nor indeed can [
valiant People ; for which victories by land, and |
his happy voyages at fea, Valerius Flaccus thus com-
plements Veſpatian, and makes him more proſperous |
tan Julius Czſar :
O tru Pelapt cur major apertt |
Fama, Caledonins poj'quam tua Carbaſa wexit
Oceanus, Phrygios prius indignatus Iulos.
O you, whoſe glorious reign
Can boaſt new eriamphs o're the conquer'd main,
Since your bold navy paſsd the Britiſh ſea
That ſcorn'd the Cafars and the Roman ſway. |
0 Apollonius Collatius Novarienſis writeth |
thus :
Ile quidem nuper felici Marte Britannos
Fuderat.
The Britains he of late o'recame
In profp'rous war, ——— |
How in this war 7::«s reſcu'd his father Veſpaſian
| their own cauſle.
'S, =
imagine who that Natanleod was. Yet'tis molt certain yy...1..
that at the ſame time Aurelius
parts had many conflicts with che Saxon forces, and
Ambroſius in theſe NaranieoZ
and Awrel;i-
is Ambro-
with various ſucceſs : and yet this great man is never {us was the
who, as I obſerve, have been forward enough in
reciting thoſe battles, wherein they had themſelves
the advantage, but mention none of thoſe wherein
they were loſers ; betraying too great a partiality to
Hence the river runs along by
Regnewood, or Ringwood, in Domeſday book call'd
R
| . K
Rincewed, which was that Regnum, a town of the
| Regni, mention'd by Antoninus, as we may believe
both from the courſe of the Itinerary, the remain-
der of the old name, and the ſenſe of the preſent.
For Ringwood by the Saxon addition ſeems to ſignitie
The woed of the Regni. That this was formerly a
place of great eminence, ſeems probable from the
adjacent Hundred which derives it's name from
thence ; but *tis now only famous for a good mar-
ſket. The Avon running from hence, takes in the
OE ——
Hm unicire, ſee the Additions,
t Cerdicesford in the —_ Annals.
C—_—_ II__
res
| mention'd in thoſe Annals of our Saxon Anceſtors ; *<p<lon
*gnurmn.
ingwood,.
I COT
HA EL CE
river Stour, which comes out of Dorſetſhire; and at
the conflux of theſe two, there ſtands a ſmall popu-
lous market town, now called Chriitchurch from: the
Church fo dedicated ; but heretofore, from it's fitua-
Twinham. tion between two rivers, T2vinamburne ; upon the lame |
account as the Interamns in Italy. It was formerly
ſtrengthen'd with a Caſtle, and adorned with an an-
cient Church of Prebendaries ; which being firſt
built in the Saxon age, was in the reign of William
Rutus reſtored by Ralph Flammard Biſhop of Durham
(who had been Dean of that Church,) and: richly
endow'd by Richard de Rivers Earl of Devonſhire, to
whom King Henry 1. gave this place in fee; and fo
continued in great repute to the time of Henry 8.
and that fatal Fall of Monaſteries. Below this town,
the Stour and the Avon joyning in one chanel, em-
py themſelves into the fea at one mouth, which
tolemy call d rhe month of the river Alaun; and yery
rightly. For I can ſcarce believe that Avon was the
proper name of this river, ſince that word is an ap-
pellative, and the Britains call'd rivers in general by
that name ; but I rather think it was of old called
Alaun, becauſe there ſtill remain ſome marks of that
word in the villages upon it, ſuch as Allinton, Alling-
ham, &c.| c]. On the eaſt-ſide of this river, Wil.
liam the Conquerour deſtroy'd all the towns, villages,
churches ; and turning out the poor inhabitants,
me a foreſt for wild beaſts of more than thirty
miles in circuit, which the Engliſh in that age calld
Nene, we at this day New Forest; of which, Walter
Mapes, who liv'd in the next age, writes thus : The
Conqueror took away much land from God and men, and
converted it to the uſe of wild bea(ts, and the ſport of hs
dogs ; by which he demoliſhd 36 Mother-Churches, and
drove away the poor mhabutants [ d ]. This he did ei-
ther to make a more eatie accels tor his Normans in-
to England ( for it lies oppoſite to Normandy) in
caſe there ſhould be a new inſurrection in this Ifland
after his ſuppoasd Conqueſt of it ; or to indulge him-
ſelf in hunting; or to raiſe money by merhods tho' ne-
ver ſo unjuſt. For he, more merciful to beaits than to
mankind, appointed a moſt grievous : pecuniary
mul&, and other more ſevere penaltics, to be inflict-
ed on thoſe who ſhould treſpaſs on his game. But
Example Qivine vengeance was not long wanting to this impi-
of Pivine ous project of the King's : for Richard his ſecond
Mgr fon, and William Rufus King of England another of
his ſons, both loſt their lives in this Foreſt ; the lat-
ter being caſually © ſhot with an arrow by IFalter Tir-
rel; and the other poiſoned by a peſtilential blaſt.
And Henry his grandchild by Robert his eldeſt fon,
while he was here eagerly purſuing his ſport, was
caught by the head in the boughs, and there ended
his Fife; to teach us that the crimes of parents are
often puniſh'd upon their childrens children. Of
this Foreſt, there are extant ſome Verſes of Fobr
IWhite Biſhop of Wincheſter ; which though they
falſly attribute the making of this Foreſt ro William
Rutus, yet becauſe many readers are pleaſed with
them, I am content to inſert them in this place.
_—_.
Chrift-
church.
The river
Alaun,
New-Fo-
relt.
Templa adimit Divs, fora civibus, arva colonss
Rufus, & inſtituit Beaulenſi im rure foreftam :
Rex cervum mſequitar, Regem windita, Tirellus
Neon bene proviſum transfixit acumine ferri.
Towns , Fields, and Churches, took from God
and Men,
A ſpatious foreſt made in Peauljeu-plain :
The King a Hart, Vengeance the King purſu'd,
And Tirre”s arrow drunk his guilty blood.
——— — —
B:aulieu. He calls it R#s Beaulenſe, becauſe nigh this place
King John founded a ſmall Monaſtery called Beau- |
lieu, trom its pleaſant ſituation 3 which, even in our
fathers memory was very famous : for here was an
Sandtuary. inviolable ſanctuary, and a fafe rejuge for all crimi- |
nals; and our forefathers thought it a moſt unpardon- '
able ſin to take from hence the moſt bloody murderers
or traitors, that fied hither for protetion. But ſure
when our anceſtors did in ſeyeral parts of England
—
— OO CO—
——
_— — > —— — —_—
erect theſe ſanctuaries, or Temples of Mercy ( as they
call'd them, ) they ſeem rather to have followed the
example of Romulus than of Moſes, who command- Er4,.,
ed that thoſe who were guilty of wiltul murder ſhould be folerh
taken from the altar, that they might be put 16 death; and *
appointed a city of refuge only for them 2w4o ſhould
by chance flay a. man without lying i want for bim C .
But that fo great a tract of ground as this Forelt is,
might not lye defencelefs and expos'd to the enemy,
Hen, 8. began to ſecure it with Caſtles ; for in thac
neck of land that runs fartheſt into the fea, from
whence there is the ſhorteſt paſſage over to the Je ut c
of Wight, he built Hu #-Caſtle, which commands the :
i
Saws
the mouth of the Trahannon. The river that runs into
this bay, which we now call 7ez, was in former
times, as we learn from the Lives of rhe Saints, na-
med Ter/tan ; and that it was before called A4»t, or
Anton, the towns which lay upon it, Antport, Ando-
ver, and Hanton, would almoſt perſuade us. So far
am I from thinking that it was ever fo called from
the Roman Hammon there killed ; which yet Geoffry
of Monmouth delivers in his romancing way ; and is
follow'd by a Poet, who has this paſſage concerning
that Hammon :
Rutt buc, illucque ruentem
Occupat Arvirags, ejuſque in margine ripe
Amputat enſe caput, nomen tenet inde perempti
Hammons Portus, longumque tenebit in @Vum.
—— As to the bank he fled, y'
Enrag'd Arviragas with happier ſpeed 6
Aim'd a fierce blow,and fell'd his crembling head.
And thus great Hammon's death proclaim'd by fame
To Hamton gave an everlaſting name.
On this Port is ſituated the town of South-hanton,
near which, to the north-eaſt, ſtood once another town Sort
of the ſame name, which was the Clauſentum of An-
coninus, as ſeems probable by the diſtance from Reg- Claukzn
num On one ſide, and Venta on the other: and as
Triſanton ſignifies the Bay of Anton, 1o Clauſentum ſigni-
fies in Britiſh the Port Entum; for I have learnt, that
Claudhimply'd the ſame among the Britains as zwnis au-
ul did among the Greeks, that is, a Haven made by caſt-
ing up Banks of earth. That this place was called Hanton
and Henton, no one need queſtion ; becauſe in the
book wherein William the Conqueror repiſter'd his
ſurvey of England, the whole County is expreſly
call'd Hantſcyre, and in another place Hentſcyre ; and
the town it ſelf, from its ſituation ſouthward, South-
anton [g]. What the condition of the ancient town
was, 15 difficult to determine ; but it was ſituated in
that place where is now the Field of St. Maries, and
reach'd as far as the harbour ; and ſeems to have
extended it ſelf on the other ſide the river. For a lit-
tle higher, juſt oppoſite to Bittern, Francs Mills, a Bien.
' tide is three parts ſurrounded with water. The An-
' tiquity of it 15 fo ſufficiently atteſted by the digging
; up of Roman Coins, that if it was not the Caltle of
© The place where 072i Ro:fies was KAN, is call'd ( fays Leland, Irinerar. vol. 6. p. 199.) Tharorgham, where there yet Bandcth a Clavp:s-
« According to Dr. Davis's H{jþ-Ditt ionary, 7raich is nothing but Trattatts.
*2 4s more inwardly ; on the aher fide, are the twe taſtles of $. Andrew #17 Netley.
worthy perſon who lives there, ſhewed me ſome rub-
biſh, pieces of old walls, and the trenches of an an-
cient Caſtle half a mile in compats, which at £1
aid
the ancient Clauſentum, you may ealily judge it to Fn
have heen one of thoſe forts which the Romans erect-
ed on the ſouthern coaſts (as G:/das tells us) to pre-
vent the Saxon piracies. When all parts were mile-
rably harraſs'd and weaken'd in the Daniſh wars, then
did the Old Hanton fall a prey to them in the year
980, and in the time of William the Conqueror (to
uſe the expreflion of his own Book ) the King had
in that town only 80 men or renents im Demeſne. But
> -— -- —_—
— — — ——
—_—G—_—_ — —
within
i
H AMSHIRE
your
(anutc.
<Xidge,
a. AM...
within theſe 200 years, when: Ki
Philip of Valois -contended fort
France; it was- burnt by the French. Our of-the
aſhes whereof, there preſently ſprang up a more con-
veniently ſieuated town , that which now remaihs,
berween two rivers ; famous for the number amd
neatnef of it's buildings, for the richneſs of intiabi-
cants, and reſort of merchants [h]: fortified with a
double ditch, ſtrong walls, with ſeveral battlements z
and for a better defence to the'barbour, there is a
ſtrong Caſtle built of ſquare ſt6ne upon a high-raisd
mount, by Kichard 2 *. That a&ion of the moſt
powerful Canute King of England and Denmark, re-
proving the baſeneſs of a flattering Courtier, who
prerended that all things would obey his royal will
and pleaſure, was in this place, and is well worth
our mention. When he came ( ſays Henry of Hunt-
ingdon ) to ſhore, he commanded a chair to be ſet for bim,
and ſaid to the ſea flowing up to him, Thou art under any
dominion, and the ground on which I fit s mine, nor has
any yet diſobey'd my orders, without ſevere puniſhment :
therefore I command thee not to come upon my ground, nor
to wet the cloaths or the feet of me thy Lord and Maſter.
But the diſreſpe&ful waves preſently came up, and wet his
rojal feet : upon Which he ſtep'd back, and ſaid, Let all
the inhabitants of the world know, That the power of Mo-
narchs is a vam and empty thing, and that no one de-
Edward 3. and
Kingdom of
that Iſland, theſe two boys made their eſcape, and
hid themſelves at a little rown called ad Lapidems; till
Cedwalla, If Y huts where this little town ad Lay:-
dem ſtood, I d gueſs that *twas Stoneham, a ſmali
village next to Redbridge, as 'chie name - ir f:{f (ezms
to prove very naturally. The ocher river which
runs on the eaſt-ſide of Sourh-hampton, ſeems to have
been call'd Alre; for a market town on the banks of ic,
not far from the lake out of which it riſes,is now call'd
Alresford, i.e. the ford of Arie. Which place (to uſe the
words of anold Regitter of the Church of Wincheſter)
the religious K. Kinewalc with great devotion gave to the
Church of Wincheſter, after he bad receiT d the,Chriſtian
Sacraments from Biſhop Birinus, at the beginning of Chri-
[tianity, in thoſe
— — _ "
being becrape they were killed at the command. of
113
In the year 1220. 'Godfrey A book of
Lucy, Biſhop of Wincheſter, renew'd the marker here, wavc:ly
and call'd the place New-witrket, perhaps: iv-reſpet
of the old Alresford that lies/near it. Bur this new
name did nor laſt long with the people, in whoſe
power lies the uſe of words and, names. Nigh this
Moaalte: Ys
place lies Tichborn, of which, L muſt not omic to men- Ticworn,
tion that it has given name to an eminent and an-
cient family.
On the weſtern bank of this river lies the famous
city of the Britiſh Belg-, which Ptolemy and Anco-
ninus call'd * Venta Belgarum, the Britains to this day Vera B-l-
rum.
ſerves the name of a King, but he whoſe will, by an eter- | Caer Gwent, the old Saxons * Wintancercep, the La- W.ntche-
nal law, the Heaven, Earth, and Sea obey. Nor would | tin Writers commonly Wintonia, and we Wintcheſter, 'ter.
he ever after ſuffer the Crown to be put on his head, &C.
Of thoſe rivers between which this town is plac'd,
the weſtern one, (now call'd Te#, but formerly, I
think, nton,) riſing out of the Foreſt of Chute, runs
*. firlt to Andover, in Saxon © Andeafapan, that is, the
Ferry or paſſage of the river Ande; where, in the year
/ 893. AXchelred K. of England, when the Danes ra-
vaged all his kingdom, that he might bleſs his har-
ra'd nation with a ſafe and ſertPd peace, adopted
4. Anlaf the Dane; tho” this league of friendſhip was '
ſoon broke ; tor ſo great a reſpe& and honour could
" not reſtrain that barbarous foreigner from his uſual
rapines | i]. 3 From hence this river runs near
Whorwel, where Queen eAlIfh built a Monaſtery,
to expiate her heinous crime in vowing to kill King
Edward her ſon-in-law, and to atone tor the murder
of her former Husband, the noble Earl Arhe/wold,
whom King Edgar, upon an invitation to go a hunt-
ing, did here murder ; becauſe he had pur a trick
upon him in his love-intreagues, and had by ill arts
obtain'd from him this Lady Xlfrith, who was the
greateſt beauty of her age. Atrer this the Teſt rakes in
another ſmall ſtream call'd Fallop,or rather Wellop, that
is (if we interpret ic from our own ancient language )
Yet there are ſome Writers who pretend that this
was the Venta Simenorum, and give Briſtol the honour
ot being the Venta Belgarum : but that there was no
ſuch People as the Simen; in this Iſland, 1 ſhall prove
when I come to the Tens. In-the mean time, it
they would confirm this their conjecture, by ſeeking
any where elſe tor the cowns which Antoninus places
near to this Venta, let them be as accurate as they can,
they will find nothing to their purpoſe.
The original of Vents ſome ferch from Ventas,
| others from Yinum, and again, others from Wins a
| Biſhop ; * who might be aſham'd of ſuch rifling * Aur bore
| derivations. I ſhould rather ſubſcribe ro the opinion "+
of our country-man Leland, who derives the word
trom the Britiſh Guin or Guen, that is, white, as if it
ſignified Caer Gwin, the White City. And why ſhould
it not? ſince from this ſame colour the old Latins
gave name to the cities Alba a and Alba Regia ;
| the Greeks to Lexca, Leucas, and other places. For this
| Venta (as alſo two other towns of the fame name,
' Venta Silurum, and Venta Icenorum ) is lituate in a foil
| of Chalk and whitiſh Clay.
| This city, no doubt, was very famous in the Ro-
' man times [k |; for it is here the Roman Emperors
re
nr.
s little fountain on the ſide of a hill ; which gives name | ſeem to have had their f Imperial Weaving-ſhops ; + T:xtrns
to che ancient family of Wallops,Knights,who live near | this city being the chief of all the Britiſh Vere, and /#2 4575
it. Hence the river runs in ſearch of Brige or Brage, an
ancient town, by Antoninus plac'd 9 miles from the
oid Sorbioduwum ; at which diſtance, between Salis-
bury and Wincheſter, not far from its own banks,
if the old Brage was not at this place, I am of opini-
on, that it was entirely demoliſh'd when William che
Conquerour converted theſe parts into the foreſt be-
to;e mention'd. Next, Rumſey, in Saxon Rumryes,
( where King Edgar built a Nunnery, the Church
whereof is ſtill ſtanding) is viſied by this river 4,
| lying neareſt Italy. For in the Netiria, there is men-
, tion made of a Procurator or Governour of the Cyne-
£1um Venten/e or Bentenſe in Britain ; which Facobus Cs The Cyne-
| jacizs, that moſt eminent Civilian, reads Gynecium, £# <i he
RomanEm.
it hnds a ſmall country village call'd Broughton ; and | and interprets it the Royal Weavery, in his || Paratitles perors in
; to the Codes. Guidus Pancirolws is of the fame opinion ; -
CIT, Cyn.%
117.
| and writes, that theſe Gynecia were appoinred for | ».::;:1.
—_
; weaving the cloaths of the Emperor and Army, for
| making of fails, linnen * ſhrouds, and - other necel: * S:ragu!s.
| . | . . |
ſaries for the furgiture of cheir manſions, or quar-
| ters. Yet Wolphgangns Lazims thinks that the Procarator
which preſently falls into South- hampton-bay at the | here took. care of the Emperor's dogs. And this in- Britiſh
Vadam Arundimis, as Bede calls it, which he interprets,| deed is certain, that our dogs have been preferable
Redford ; but now, from the bridge where the ford | to all others in Europe; infomuch that ( as Strabo
was, inttead of Redford, *tis call d Redbridge ; where, | witneſſes ) our dogs have ſerved as foldiers, and the
in the infancy of the Saxon- Church, ſtood a Mona- | ancient Gauls us'd them in their wars; and they were
ſtery, whereof one Cymberch was Abbot, and bapti- | bought up by the Romans for their ſports in the Am:
led (as Bede tells us) rwo young Brothers of Arvandas | phitheatre, and the other pleaſures of hunting : for
petty King of the ſe of Wight, juſt before they were to | they were ( as Strabo ſays ) quis orgs mis xunyeoigg,
be murdered : for when Cedwalls the Saxon invaded | that is, »aturally made for hunting. Hence Nemeſianus,:
—_——
- And Andeferen., F# In the year 994. according to the Saxon Annals. #, From whence the Biſhop of Wincheſter is in our Hiſtories very of-
ten call'd Vento, and Went ants. As alſo Winteceaſter, Winceaſter, Winceſter.
* Aud afterward K. Hen. 6. granted to the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Surgeſſes, that it ſhould be s County by it ſelf, with other Liberties. 3 From
"ence 1t runnech down, and receives from the Eaft a brook paſſing by Bullingdon, in whoſe pariſh 1 @ place called Tibury-hill, and contains 4
Jquare field, by eſtimation 10 acres ditch'd about, in ſome places py A ound tokens of Wells, and about which the
than other, wherein hath been ff
tous h-men have found [quare-ſ'ones and Roman coins, as they report ; for the place I have not ſeen. * Out of the which, Mary daughter to King
Srephon being there Abbeſs, and his only heir þ; iving, was comvey d ſecret Marthew of Alſace ſon to the Earl of Flanders, and 19 kim marric
Et after ſhe had born ts him two Da an; ed enforced by ot ed Wi Boer to return hnther again — fo her cow.
H 2 — Djvi/a
GUES.
, 4 gn DO re nei ane ori re eo erate odd. waters fc. HEE. Ao oil er le»
n—— p—_ —_ a + =_ =_ __
Ws ths row dnt 5 EDEREDY AO I AG ARG er re nit os ABI A ENS EIA ILAN Bs ow on OG Sn _
= _—_—_— _
"ME LeG4 AM
Araſevs.
Gaſ(:hound,
a Biirith
Dog.
Maſtives.
Conſtans
trom a
Monk made
Cxiar.
Monaſteries
in Citics.
I Diviſa Britannia mittit
Velotes, noftrique orbis venatibus aptos. =
——— The Britains from this world disjeyn'd,
Fleet dogs, and uſeful for our hunting, fend.
AndGratizs thus mentions their goodnesand their
yalue: ut!
Qued freta fi Moritfam dubio refluentia ponto
Peneris, atque ipſos libeat penetrare Britannos,
O quanta eſt merces,, & quantum impendia ſupra ?
But if at fartheſt Calais you arrive,
Where doubtful cides the paſlive ſhore deceive ;
And'thence your dag'rous courſe co Britain ſteer,
Whar-ſtore you'll find, and how exceſlive dear !
The Greeks alſo were acquainted with, and high-
ly.eſteemed that kind of Dogs amongſt us, which
was called 4z/eus, avd we yet term a Gaſehound; as
Oppian will rell you in. his firft Book 'of his Cyne-
geticks::
id »
Em Hf n ornduer $I0T nxt yuor iy veurioar,
Bauy, amp waged Als <7. 10y Heat eons.
Tis Teggev d'ypia gvaa BgeTaruy alohorwer,
"AuTip &inandlw ops. "Ai als6 0Y0punyay .
Toy mu wy) Or why wphtutror endevoin
Airy vors 01xaJiotm Team neon xuyeon.
Which Bodinus does thus render in Latin :
Eft etiam catuli ſpecies indagine clara,
Corpus buic breve, magnifico ſed corpore digna z
Pita Britannorum gens illos effera bello
Nutrit, Agaſeoſque wocat wiliſſima forma
Corporis, ut credas paraſitos eſſe latrantes,
Another fort of dogs tor lurching known,
Tho' ſmall in bulk, in value yield to none.
In Britzin bred, they thence the name receive
Of Gaze-hownds ; by their bigneſs you'd believe
They're mungril Curs that under tables live.
Claudian likewile ſpeaks thus of our Maſtiff-dogs :
dque taurorum fratturi colla Britanni.
And Engliſh maſtiffs us'd to bend the necks
Of furious bulls.——
But pardon this digreflion.
In this city (as our Hiſtorians relate) in the
times of the Romans, liv'd that Conſftans the Monk,
who was firſt made Ceſar, and atterwards Emperour
by his father Conſtantine 5 and who uſurped the pur-
ple in oppoſition to Honorius,out of aconceit that his
ame would prove ſucceſsful. For long before this ( as
Zofimus ſpeaking of that time,delivers it):here were as
well Cities as Villages full of Colleges of Monks,who before
had led a ſolitary life in mountains and woods, and
the remoter places, from whence they derive their
name. That old piece of wall ſtil to be ſeen, of
great ſtrength and thickneſs, towards the welſt-gate
of the Cathedral Church, ſeems to be the reliques of
this old College. But the Monk, who was here de-
clared Cz/ar, after he was taken hence, did by death
ſoon ſufter the vengeance due to his tather's ambition,
and his own affront to Religion. During the Saxon
Heprarchy, tho' this place was once or twice very
much harraſsd, yet ſtill it recoverd, and was the
Palace of the Welt-Saxon Kings, adorn'd with mag-
nificent Churches, and honour'd with an Epiſcopal
See ; asalſoendow'd by King Ethelſtan with the pri-
vilege of ſix money-mints. In the Norman times it |
very much flouriſh'd,and che Archives (or cuſtody of
all publick Records) were in it. Thus it continu'd
long in a good condition, only ſuffter'd by one or
ewo accidents of fire, and was plunder'd by the in-
ſolent ſouldiers in the Civil War between King Ste-
phen and Mawd the Empreſs. Hence our Poet Ne-
cham, who hiv'd in that age :
* Guintoniam tituls claram, gaziſque repletam
Noverunt veterum tempora priſca patrum.
—_—
Sed jam ſacra fames auri, jam cecus babendi
Urbibus egregiis parcere 'neſcit amor. »
Far wealth and ſtate, for honour and renown,
In good old times fair Wincheſtes was known : -.
Bnt-in our agg, itt our degenerate days,
"When all the world tyrannick Gold obeys,
The richeſt Cities are the ſureſt preys.
- But all theſe loſſes were fufficiently repair'd by
King Edward 3. when he fertled here: a publick
Mart for Cloth and Wool, which we commonly call
the Staple. What figure this City made in former
ages, is not eaſie to imagine ; which ( as the ſame
Necham wrues )
M—
l———
Flammis toties gens aliena dedit.
Hinc facies urbis toties mutata, dolorem
Pratendit, caſus wuntia vera ſui. ©
| So oft the hapleſs town
The rage of foreign flames hath undergone ;
She ſhow'd her fad misfortunes in her face,
And diſmal looks her ancient griefs expreſs.
At chis time the City is pretty populous, and well
water'd by the divided ſtreams of the river ; extend-
ing lengchways from Eaſt to Weſt, and contains
about a mile anda half within the circuit of it's walls,
which have ſix gates, and the paſlage to each for a
conſiderable way is Suburbs. At the ſouth-ſide of
the welt gate, flands an ancient Caltle, which has of-
ren heen belieged ; but never ſo ſtraitly, as when
Maud the Empreſs maintain'd it againſt K Stephen,
and at laſt a report was ſpread of her death, and ſhe
put in a Coffin to deceive the enemy, and ſo was
carry'd off [ Ul Ot the Rownd Table Which now
hangs up, and which the common people take for
King Arthur's Table, I ſhall obſerve no more than this,
that it plainly appears to be of a much later date.
For in former ages, when thoſe military exerciſes
call'd Torneaments ( made uſe of to train up their
Soldiers) were much in faſhion ; they had theſe kind
of round tables, that there night be no diſpute tor
recedency among the noble Combatants : and this
eems to be a very ancient cuſtom. For Athe-
nzus tells us, that the old Gauls did fit at round Ta-
bles, and that their Armour-bearers ſtood at their
backs with their ſhields. Almoſt in the middle of
the city, only a little more fourhward, Kenelwalch,
King of the Weſt-Saxans, after the College of Monks
in the Roman age was deltroy'd, buile here a Church,
as Malmesbury writes, wery ſplendid for thoſe times ;;
in the track whereof was afterwards erefted a Cathedral
Church of the ſame model, tho' mare ſtately. In this
See, from Wina, whom that Kenelwalch made firſt
Biſhop of it, there has Þcen a long ſeries of ſucceſſors
no leſs eminent for wealth and honour than for piety
and devotion '; and by a peculiar privilege are
Chancellors to the Archbiſhop of Canterbury, and
Prelates of the Garter. Some of theſe at great ex-
pence have beautity'd and enlarg'd this Church ; par-
ticularly Edington and Walkeling ; but above all Wick-
bam, who with incredible colt buile che Weſt part of
the Church,trom the Choire; a neat and curious piece
of work : in the middle of which, berween two pi!-
lars, is his own monument. The Church has been
accordingly dedicated to new Patrons, Amphibalus,
Peter, Swithin, and laſtly to the Holy Trmity, by
which name it is at preſent call'd. Among the Sax-
ons it was in great repute, for being honour'd with
the Sepulture of ſome of their Kings, whoſe bones
were gathered by Richard Fox Biſhop, and put into
little gilded Coffins, which with their ſeveral In-
{criptions he placed upon a wall that runs along the
upper part of the Quire. It was formerly calld
* Ealb-n-mynxTen, 1. e. the old Monaſtery or Min-
-
The Sp
K. Arthy
round Th
}
Tornes
ments
t4:3:
Ltb.,. Ms
pro:
Biſh pu
11,01
| fer, to diltinguifh it from the more modern one,
| * Nepan-mynyTep , 1. e. New Minſter, which King.
| Flfred founded ; and to build rhe Offices belonging to it,
| bought of the Biſhop a certain peice of ground, for every
> Eaidan-Mynſter. Chron, Sax. ; Niwan-Mynſter. Chron. Sax.
s But
others St. $within con:inues yet of greateſt fame, not ſo much for his ſanfity, as for the rain which uſually falls about the f-aft of
his tranſl: tom im July, by reaſon the Sun then is Coſmically with Praſepe and Aflclli, noted by ancient writers to be rainy Conſtellations, and not for bn
Weefi gr orher weeping Sainres Margaret the Firgin,and Mary Magdalen,whoſe fen/ts are ſhortly after ; as ſome ſuperftitionſly credulcus kave betieved.
foet
_- hy | Te Babb (IA Be
M121! HAMS HI REE. 122
foot whereof he paid one Mark, according to the publick | that Daniſh + Giant $ and. Walicheof Earl of Hum tTyphocus
Standard. This new College, as well as the old one, | tingdon, beheaded- in this place, where .afterward
was firſt founded for marry'd Prieſts, who were af- | was: the Chapel of: St, Giles 3 ahd as ito theufa-
rerwards expelled by Dunſtan Archbiſhop of Can- |'mous adjoyningitHoſpital- of St. Croft;/ founded by
cerbury, upon the miracle of a Croſs ſpeaking, and ge fg, rother of King Sephen, :and Biſhop
condemning the Order : and ſo Monks were brought | of this City, and farther endow'd by Henry de Boaw-
into their room. Theſe two Monaſteries had their | fort Cardinal : Þ ſhall fay nothing-of .all chefs/-be-
walls fo near one another, that when they were | cauſe a' full relation is already given of them-in our
ſinging in one, the noiſe 'was a diſturbance to the | common Hiſtories, 19 0 - lan ro 4,
other ; upon which aroſe ſome quarrels berween the | * As & the Earls of' JVinchef## 5oto' paſs) by Clirp Exrts of
rwo Societies, that afterwards broke out into feuds, | a Saxon , who' at | the) coming':hri; of the!-Nby. Hier
This reaſon, and another 'inconvenierice of a- great |\mans; was deprivd/of this ancient; honourig King
confluence of waters, (which ran down the {ſtreets John \made Sari iQumcy Earl of 'Winocheſter,-whote The Quin-
from the Weſt-gate, and making a ſtanding pool at | Arms wete * « Feſſe with @ + label of fee; 'as I iearnd Ae ww
this new Monaſtery, 'did infe@ the air with unwhol- | from his ſeal. ' To 'Miawfucceeded Roper his fory ute milicaris.
ſome vapours) caus'd the Church, 200 years after it's | dott'm''s field Gmles ſever \| Muſcles 0ied Or, | Bur ht l LEGOINY
firſt building, to be remov'd into the northern fab- ; dying withourIſbe male;/ 'the/honogt was extin&
+1-456y, urbs to a place call'd Hide ; where by the licence of | hint © for he marry'd'the oldeſt daughter and co-heip,
_ _ Henry 1. the Monks built a large and beautiful Mo- | by'a former wiſe/of 4k» Lord of Gulleway inScot-
naſtery, which within a few years, by the creachery | land, in whoſe right 'h& was Conſtable of Scorlard.
of Henry of Blois Biſhop of Wincheſter ( as a private But by her he had only 5 danghrers, 'of whom the
Ne
Ty
v7
Dy,
wleze William of Wickham Biſhop of this See (the greateſt
7
Fam. land, and whoſe memory ſhall be celebrated through
nag Cannot but rake notice of that * Nunnery or Mona-
xy; ſtery for Virgins, which «AZIfwide , wite to King
4 wire Place out of which Henry 1. took his wife Mazd,
Kery 1, daughter of Malcolm King of Scots, by whom the
little Hiſtory of chat place tells us) was miſerably |
:
burnt down : in which fire was conſum'd that famous
Croſs, the gift of Canute the Dane, that (as ſome |
old Records deliver it ) coſt him the yearly revente
of all England. But the Monaſtery was raiſed apain
to a noble fabrick ( as the preſent ruines teſtihe )
and grew by degrees, till that fatal period for the de-
{truction of Monks. For then this houſe was demo-
liſhed ; and the other of St. Trinity, which is the
Cathedral Church, upon ejection of the Monks had
a new foundation of a Dean and r2 Prebendaries.
At the Eaſt-ſide of the Cathedral ftands a ſpacious
© palace of the Biſhop's, call'd Wolvefey, fortify'd
by, ſeveral turrets, almoſt ſurrounded by the river,
and reaching to the City-walk [m]. In the ſouth
{uburbs there is a neat College that anſwers it, which
patron and encourager of Learning that was in Eng-
all ages in the Monuments of Learning } built for a
publick ſchool, which affords great numbers of
learned men both to Church and State. In this are
maintain'd gentilely a Warden, 10 Fellows, 2 Ma-
ſters, 70 Scholars, *' with ſome others. There are alſo
other eminent buildings in this City (moſt of them
conſecrated to religious uſes) which, becauſe time has |
deſtroy'd, I have no mind to mention | n ] ; tho? 1
Alfred, founded; ir having been ſo noble a piece of
building ( as the ruines of it ſtill ſhew ) and the
Royal families of the Saxons and Normans were
united, and by which means that Prince gain'd much
on the affe&ions of the Engliſh. For ſhe was great
grand-daughter to Edmund Ironſide by his fon E9-
ward, The baniſhed ; and a Lady not only endow'd
with all the vertues becoming a Queen, but more
eſpecially eminent for piety and devotion. Where-
upon this old Tetraſtick was made in her commenda-
tion :
Proſpera non l#t1am fecere, nec aſpera triſtem :
Aſpera riſus ei, projpera terror erant.
Non decor efjecit fragilem, non ſceptra ſuperbum ;
Sola potens humilis, ſola pudica decens.
Nor blefgd, rejoyc'd ; nor when unhappy, mourn'd ;
To laughter, grief ; and joy to fear ſhe turn'd.
Nor beauty made her frail ; nor ſceptres, proud ;
Humble, tho? great ; and ſcarce more fair, than good.
As to Guy Earl of Warwick ſo famons in ſtory,
who in a ſingle combat here conquer'd Colbrand,
eldeſt was marry'd' to- William de Ferrar4is Earl 'of
Derby, the ſecond to Ala de la Zoweh, the youngeſt
to Comme Earl of Buchan in Scotland.” - Along time
afrer this, Hagh le Deſpencer was honour'd with the
title, daring EA only. by King Edward 2. who made
him his moſt familiar friend and confident ; but he
and. his Ton had too late an experiment how fatal it
often proves to be the favourites of a Prince : for
popilar fury put both of them to an ignominious
death. A pretty while after this, by the bounty of
King Edward 4. Lewis de Bruges a Belgian, Lord of
Gruthwſe, and Prince of Steimbul ( who had 'enter-
tain'd this Prince in Flanders when he fled thither
for refuge) obtain'd this title, with Arms nor much
differmg from thoſe of Roger de Quincy * 3 which at-
ter the death of K. Edward, he ſurrendred vp to K.
Henry 7. Within our own memory, tf #i//;am7 Pow-
lett, Treafarer of England 7, was honour'd by
Edward 6. with a new title of Marqueſs of Winche-
ſter *, which his Poſterity now enjoys. Wincheſter
ſtands in the longitude of 22, and the latitude of 5 1
de - according tothe obſervation of later ages| 0].
rom Winchefter more Eaſtward, the river Ham-
ble out at a large mouth runs into the ſea. Bede calls
it Homelea, and fays it runs through the country ot
the Futes, and falls into the Solente ; for fo he calls the
chanel berween Britain and the Je of Fight, into
which at certain hours ewo oppoſite tides coming vp
with great violence from the Ocean, and meering
here, raisd fo great an admiration in our fore fathers,
that they reckon'd it one of the wonders of Britain.
Of which take Bede's own words : Two tides which
flow round the Britiſh land ont of the waſt northern Oce-
an, do daily meet together and encounter each other beyond
the mouth of the river Homelea, and when the waves have
ended their confli&t, they retire into the ſea from whence
they came. Into this chanel another ſmall river em-
pres it ſelf, which riſing near Warnford, runs between
the foreſt of Walrham ( where is a ® ſtately feat of the
Biſhops of Wincheſter) and that of Bere ?, along by
Tichfield, where was formerly a {mall Monaſtery builc
by Peter de Rupibas Biſhop of Wincheſter **,and is now
the chief” ſeat of the Zriotbeſlys Earls of Southampton.
Hence the ſhore curning and winding in, the Ifſand
call'd Porteſey makes a creek, at the upper part of
which flouriſh'd formerly Porr-peris, where tradition
ſays, Veſpaſian firſt arriv'd. Our Anceſtors gave ic
the new name of Portchefter, not from Porta a Saxon,
but from portus, a harbour. For Ptolemy from it's
largenefs calls it Miyas als, i. e. the ſpacious harbour :
and fo a place in Africa was call'd Portws magnres,
as we learn from Pliny. There is a large Caſtle ſtill
remaining, which commands a free profpe& of all
& It was built A. D. 1137. by Henry Biſhop of Wincheſter. Leiger-Book
3 Clerks, an Organiſt, 16 Choriſters, and the ſtaturable ſervants. =» It
of St. Croſs in the hands of Mr. Worlley. #* Particularly, 3 Chaphates,
was ruin'd in the late Civil Wars. * The Earl of Sourhatmpron dying
without Iſſue male, this eſtate came ro Edward, firſt Earl of Gainshurrow by marriage with Elizabeth daughter and coheirels ot the faid Eat ;
w hoſe ſon dying without iflue-male, it 1s now tallen to his two daughters, who arc at preſent Minors.
6 Intheſe words, Azvr 2 dix Maſcles D'or en orm d'un Canton de noſtre Armes 4 Engleterre, ceſt favour, de Goul on Leopard
7 Earl of Wiltſhire, and Lard St. John of habog. 8 A man Þru fed : ;
building 5 $emperate in all other things ; full of year:, for he lived 97 years ; and fruitful 1a his generation,
armec d' azar. + Sir William.
degrees in Court, exceſſrue in vaſt informous
for he ſaw 104 iſſued him by Elizabeth his wife, daughter to Sir Willam Ca
[ wikbe a eſe f vhs Ahoc._- amily of Vucdal. Hol. '
honours. 9 Wher |
Page was ſolenmized between King Henry 6. and Margaret of 4njow.
ant d'or,
prudently pliable ro times ; raiſed not ſudaciy, tut ty
Knight: And now his grandchild W.lham enjoys the ſaid
is corac by marriage to the E. of Carlidle, > Where the mar-
the
Hamble.
Solente.
Tichficld,
Portus
magnus.
——— _ ——
123
DEL: 6 wE.
+ he SPOFIPP IR} But whey the ſea retiring from
Havant.
Britiſh Sa'r.
Hexamc-
ron. lib, 4.
CaPs 11.
Mc2nvarli.
"Yee Bude,
© Jik 4 £13:
Warnford.
Segontiaci.
Batingſtoke left to the Keeper of Leodre ; and Baſing ftoke, that has
- mouth of: the+creek our Anceſtors built a town,
Portſmouth which from thence they call'd Portſmouth. This in
—_— __ —— ————
this ſhore, -by degrees made the harbour leſs 'com-
mogious, 'they 'remov'd hence to. Portſey, an adjoy n-
ing Ifland, which is about. x4; miles round. Ac
high tide it s encompaſs'd with ſea-water, of which
they make ſalt.;| and is joyn'd:to the continent by a
bridge, which had a ſmall caſtle to defend it. Arbel-
fled, wife of King Edgar, gave this Iſland to New-
Minſter in Wincheſter ; and here at the entrance. or
time of war is| populous, but not'fſo jn time of peace;
and ſeems more rg to the pA. of dry _
Neptune, than of Mercury. It.hasa Church of goo
ng. ae work, '\and an Holpical ( which they, call
God's-houſe ) founded by Peter de Rupibm Biſhop of
\Wincheſter. - It was fortify*d. with a wall made - of
timber and well lined with mud, with a high mount
toward the north-caſt near the gate, and with two
forts of free-ſtone at the entrance of the harbour,
which the inhabitants ſay were begun by K. Ed-
ward 4. and finiſh'd by Henry 7. who, they add,
ſettled a garriſon in this town. But within cur me-
mory, Queen Elizabeth at great expence, has ſo
well ſecured it by new Works, that nothing ſeems
now wanting to make it a moſt complete fortificati-
on. And of the garriſon, ſome keep guard night and
day at the Town-gates, and others upon the top of
the Church-cower, where by ringing of a Bell they
give notice what Horſe and Foot advance toward
the Town, and by waving of Colours ſhow from
what quarter they come | p ].
Hence from Portes-bridge, upon a little turning of
the ſhore, I ſaw Havant, a ſmall market-town ; and
near it Warblington, formerly a beautiful ſeat of the
Earls of Salisbury, now of the family of Corrons
Knights. Before theſe there lie ewo Iſlands ; the
larger is call'd Haling, the leſs Thorney, from the,
thorns ; and each of them has it's Pariſh-Church. In
ſeveral places along this ſhore, out of ſea-water that
comes up, they make ſalt, which at firſt is of a fore
of pale and green colour ; but by an art they have.
'tis afterwards boil'd into a pure white. And 'tis of
this ſea-falt, not of the other which is made in our
Engliſh pits, that St. Ambroſe is to be underſtood :
Let ms look upon thoſe things which are common,and withal
fall of kindneſs ; how water is turned imto ſuch firm and
ſolid ſalt, that 'tis often cut with inſiruments of iron ;
firſt Lord Sands, who there lies bury'd,. Upcn tte
roof of it, the hiſtory of the Prophets, Apolt,es, and
Diſciples of Chriſt,is very artificially deſctibd. Fe'ow
this place Eaſtward lies Baſing, fancus for it's Loids By,
of that Sirname, St. ohms, Pornings and Pewlas. Tor...
when Adam de Pertu, Lord of Boſirg,: mariy d the ©
daughter and heir of Roger de Aurevall, whole wite
was the daughter and heir of the noble family of the
St. Fohns ; then William ſon of the ſaid Adam took 0. .:.
the honorary title of Sr. John, which was retain'd «n..
by his ſucceſſors in a right line. Burt when Edmmd =
de St. Fobn in the time of Edward 3. died withour
iſſue, Margaret his ſiſter marrying Fchn de St. Phili-
bert, brought to him the whole eſtate of the Loids
Sr. Fobu. She likewiſe dying without iſſue, 1/abel her
other ſiſter,wite of * Luke Poznings, had by him Thomas
Lord of Ba/ing,whole grancchild Conſtaniia, by his fon
Hugh, became heir to this part of the eſta:e, and be.
ing marry'd into the family of the Pcwhrs, was the
reat grandmother of that J/ill;am Powlet, who by
.Henr. 8. was made Baron Sr. Fohn of Baſing ; and by
King Edward 6. Earl of Wil:ſlire, and Marquets of
Wincheſter ; and being Lord High Treaſurer cf
England, after he had in moſt troubleſome times run
through a courſe of the higheſt honours, dy'd in a !:'"s;
good old age: a happinels that rarely attends Cour. '**
tiers. He built here a ſeat, both for largeneſs and
beauty, wonderfully magnificent ; but which was
ſo overpower'd by it's own weight, that his poſtericy
have been forc'd to pull down a part of ic | r].
Nigh this place we ſee The Vine, a very neat houſe Vir: :
of the Barons of Sandes, and fo calld from Yines, is"
which we have had in Britain more for ſhade indeed *
than fruit, ever ſince the time of Probus the Empe- y,,..
ror. For 'twas he that gave liberty to the Britains
and ſome 'other nations, to have Vines. The firſt
Baron of this family was tWilliam Sendes,whom King Bro 4
Henry 8. advanc'd to that honour, when he was his **-
Chamberlain,and had encreas'd his eſtateby marriage
with Margery Bray,daughter and heir of Fohn Bray,and
Couſin of Reginald Bray Knight of the Garter, and a
molt eminent Baneret. To him was born Thomas Lord
Sandes, grandlather to William now living. Nigh this
place to the ſouth-eaſt lies Od;2m, now proud of a Pa- 0:
lace of the King's ; and once known for the priſon of
David 2. King of Scots. It was formerly a free bur-
rough of the Biſhop of Winchelter's,the Caſtle where- ;..;
of in the reign of K.John was defended by 13Engliſh '
which is uſual in the Britiſh ſalts, that are cruſted mio |
a ſubſtance as bard and white as marble, and are wery|
wholſom.
At a greater diſtance from the ſea, live the
Meaxvari, whoſe Country, along with the Iſle of
Wight, Edilwalch King of the South-Saxons received
from }WIpher King of the Mercians,who was his God-
father, and upon Baptiſm gave him this token of
adoption. 'T heir Country is now divided into three
Hundreds, with a very little change of the name,
Meaniberew , Eaſtmean, * Weaſtmean ; within which
there is a raisd hill ſurrounded at the top with a
large trench,and call'd O/d Wincheſter, where tradition
telis us there was an ancient City ; but there is now
not the leaft mark or ſign of it ; fo that one may
ealily imagine it to have been only a Roman Sum-
mer-Camp. Below this lies Warnford, where Adam
de Portu, a man of great wealth in thoſe parts under
William the Conqueror, rebuile the Church, as we
ars taught by a rude diſtich fixed on the wall.
\ Adde hic portu, benedicat ſolis ab ortu,
' Gens Deo dicata, per quem ſic ſum renovats.
Good folks, in your Sevacions ev1y day,
For Adam Port, who thus repair d me, pray. | q].
More inward there border upon theſe the Segon-
tiaci, Who ſubmitted themizelves to Czar, and inha-
bired the Northern limits of this County, living in
the Hundred of Hoeltſhor : in which we meet with
Aulton, a Market-rown that King Alfred by will
a well-frequented market, and a very neat Chapel,
dedicated ro the Holy Ghoſt, built by 7/://;am the
tor 15 days together, againſt Lewis, [ Dauphine | of
France, who ſtraitly bel:eged ic with a great Army.
Higher up among the Segont:aci,upon che Northern
edge of the County, lay the City ot theſe Segonrzacr,
Vindonum ; which loſing it's old name, tock that ot vu4s
it's nhabitants,as Lutetia in France borrow it's nan:e
trom the Pariſians. For this place was call'd by the
Britains Caer Segonte, that is, the City of the Segontians,
(and fo Ninnius terms it in his Catalogue of Cities ;)
we at this day call it S:/ce/ter; and Higden ſeems to ile
give it the name of Britenden, from the Britains. 1
am induc'd to call this place the YVindonum, becauſe ic
agrees with the diſtances of V/indonum from Galen.
or Guallenferd, and irom Vinta or Wincheſter in the
Itinerary of Antoninus; and the rather too, becaul;
there is a military way {till viſible berween this $:/-
ceſter and Wincheſter. Ninnius tells us this City was
buile by Cenſtantius fon of Conſtantine the Grear,
and that it was once calid Murininum, perhaps
tor Muri-vindwn, that is, the IWalls of Vindonun : tor
the Britains retain the word Mure, borrow'd trom the
Provincial language, and the V confonant they ol-
ten change into M in their pronunciation On rhe
ground whereon thu City was bui't (| deliver Ninnius's
words ) the Emperer Conſt ant its ſow'd 3 grains of Corn,
that no poor perſon might ever inhabit there. SO Dinocra-
tes, at the building of Alexandria in * Egypt ( as
Ammianus Marcellinus has it) ſtrowed all the out-
lines with + Whear, by which Omen he foretold
that that City ſhould always be ſupplied with plen-
ty of proviſions. The ſame Author alſo reports,
that Conſtantius dy'd here, and that his ſepulchre was
to be ſeen at the gate of the City, as appear'd by
*476h
+
— _
* WWeaſtmezn is only a Tithirg, and not x Hwmareo, 25 theother two.
* Sir Luke. Hol. + Sir William. Hol.
che
HAMSHIRE.
- —
vindicate
little _— with a great!
thus much
repute in that age, and I myfelfhare here found. ſe.
Great, which on their reverſe have the figure of a
building, and this inſcription PROVIDENTIAE
CAESS. Bur all writers agree, that Cor/tantiue,
whom Ninnius makes the builder-of this city, dy'd
at Mopſueſtia, or Mebſete, in Cilicia, and was thence
- tinople. I deny not, but that a f feps/chre or-hono- :
rary grave might be here made for the Emperor ;
=. for ſuch like || Barrows of earth were ofren made in
”" memory of the dead, round which the fouldiers had
yearly their ſolemn exerciſes in honour of the de-
cealed party.
When the Roman Empire began to decline, and
barbarous nations made frequent incurſions into
their provinces; then the Britiſh armies tearing they
might be involv'd in the calamity of their Neigh-
bours, choſe themſelves Emperors, firſt Marcus, then
Gratian, ( both of whom they preſently murder'd, )
ws and laſtly, in the year 107. they * choſe one Con-
=. ftantine, purely for the ſake of his name and againſt
ac his own will, in this city Caer Segomt 5 as Ninnius
and Gervaſius Dorobernenſis tell us. He ferting fail
from Britaine, arrived at Bologne in France, and got
all the Roman forces as tar as the Alps to joyn him,
detended Valence, a city of Gaule, with great reſo-
lution againſt the forces of Honorius the Emperor, and
». ſer a garriſon upon the + Rhine, that was before
detenſeleſs. He buile ſeveral fortreſſes in the paſ-
ſages of the Alpes. In Spain, by the athitance of
Conſtans his fon, whom from a Monk he had rais'd to
Fe
—
che ntpprines But in theſe matters let Ninnius | ſome few gaps there are: in thoſe places, where the
is own credit, who indeed-has ſtuff'd that | gates have beeng and out of theſe very walls there
trafiing lies. But. | grow Oaks of-{ich a vaſt bigneſs, incorporated as ic
dare affirm, that this city was in great | were with th& ſtones, and their roots and boughs
| ſpreading fo far round; that > even raiſe an admi-
veral coins of Conſtantine Funior, lon of Conſtantine the/| ration in all that behold them. In» compab ;- the
t two Italian miles; fo.that per-
haps from che largenels of the place, the Saxons call'd
it Selcefter, that is, a\great city. For Sel ſeems in their $21, what,
language to: have ſignitied great; ſince Afferius Me-
walls contain
nevenlis iaterprets the Saxon word Se/word, by Sylus
carry'd to the fepulchre of his Anceſtors at Conſtan- magna, i. e: agreat wood. On the welt-fide;, of the
wal!s, where *rrs a leve], there runs a long ridpe, caſt
up tor detence of the place. Ir includes about 80
acres of land, a good and fat foil, now divided into
ſeparace fields; with a little grove towards the welt,
and eaſtward near the gate a farm-houſe, with'a ſmall
Church of modern building; in which whileIſcarch'd
tor ancient Inſcriptions, I found nothing but. ome
Coats of Arms in the windows, Viz. in 4 fidd ſable
ſeven Fuſils' argent Bendwifſe ; as allo, in a field ſable
a Feſſe between two cheverns Or, and in @ ſhield
Or an eagle diſplayd with two beads, gules. I tind ,.
theſe laſt co be the Arms of the Blewers, -to whom - 05g,
this eltate came after the time of William che Con- pry at
querour ; the ſecond are the Arms of the noble fa-
mily of Bainard of Leckham ; and the firſt is the
Coat of the family of the Cuſanz, by whom this
eſtate paſs'd hereditarily from the Blewers to the Bai-
nards, But in the reign of William the Conquerour,
this was in the poſltfiion of FAtiam de Ow the Nor-
man, who being accus'd of treaſon, appeal to a
tryal of his innocence by Duel; bur being red,
he was by command of King William Rufus puaiſh'd
with the loſs of his eyes and teſticles. The inhabi-
tants of this place told me, it had been a conſtant ob-
F the title of Auguſtus, he was very ſucceſsful ; and then |ſervation of theirs, that tho! the foil here be fat and
ſending letters to Honorius to beg pardon for his | fertile, yet in a ſort of baulks chat croſs one another,
crime in ſuffering the foldiers to force upon him the
Purple, received back an Imperial Robe from that
the corn never grows fo thick as in the other parts of
the field ; and along theſe they imagine the ſtreets of
Emperour. Buoy'd up with this, he —_ the Alpes | the old city to have run. Here are commonly dug
L
with a deſign to rgarch to Rome ;
it hearing of | up Britiſh tiles, and great plenty of Roman Coins,
the death of Alaric the Goth, who had been a friend | which they call Onion-pennies, from one Onion whom
to his cauſe, he retreated to Arles, where he fixed | they fooliſhly fancy to have been a Giant, and an in-
the Imperial ſeat, commanded the city to be calPd
habitant of this city. There are often found too ſome
'z;-+ after his own name, and ſummon'd thither a ſolemn | inſcriptions, which the ignorance of the Country-
" meeting of ſeven Provinces. In the mean time Ge-
rontius rais'd a faction againſt his Maſter, and after
ople has robb'd the world of. There is only one
rought up to London, and placed in the garden of
he had traiterouſly ſlain Conſtans his fon at Vienne in the honourable F/ll;am Cecil Baron of Burghley, and
Gaule, cloſely beſieged Conſtantine the Father in
Arles : but while one Con/tantius, lent by the Empe-
rour Honorius, was marching againſt him with an
army, Gerontivs laid violent hands upon himſelf. In
the mean time, Conſtantine being reduc'd to great
neceflity by. the cloſenets of this ſiege, and by ſome
unhappy fallies of the garriſon brought to deſpair, he
quitred his honour, and that load of fortune ; and
entring into the Church, took upon him the Order
7- of a * Prieſt : upon which, the city was preſently ſur- |
Lord High Treaſurer of England ; which is this :
MEMORIEX
FL. VICTORE
NA. T. TA M :
VICTOR CONIUX
POSVIT.
I ſhall not be poſitive, as ſome others are, that this
was a monument in memory of Yittorina, who was
called Mater Caftrorum, 1. e. Mother of the Camp
and who rais'd the Vi#orimi, lon and grandſon, Po##-
rendred, and he led priſoner into Italy, where he | humus, Lollianus, Marius, and Tetricus, Cxſars, in
was beheaded, with Fulian his fon, whom he enti- | Gaule and Britain, againſt Gallienus the Emperor.
their ridiculous and ſimple forgeries.
Our Hiſtorians report, that in this city was the
inauguration of our martial King Arthur ; and ſcon
Edward his brother, affiſted by that crew of D
Robbers, deſtroy'd all this country as far as Baſmp-
ffoke, Nothing now remains but the walls, whic
rubbiſh and ruins the earth is grown ſo high, chat I
"22. could ſcarce thruſt my ſelf through at paſſage which
County, 1 ſaw Kings cheare, former
they call Onion's hole, tho' I ftoop'd very low. The| xon Kings, now a well-irequented market town *!. |
walls however remain in a great meaſure entire, only | Sidmanton, the ſeac of the family of King/anls Knights : Sidmantory
= tled the Noble, and Sebaſtian his brother. The Hi- | But I have ſomewhere read that there were two V:-
- Rory of theſe affairs, which is before deliver'd more | Fors in Britaine, and that both flouriſhed at the ſame
at large, I have here abridged from Zoſimus, Zoſomen, | time ; one, fon of Maximus the Emperor, the other
Nicephorus, Oroffus, and Olympiodorus ; that truth may | * Przfe& of the Guards to the ſame Emperor, and * 7yarwis
triumph over the vanity of thoſe who by the help of | mention'd by St. Ambroſe in his Epiſtles. Bur I dare Pre
their own invention have adulterated this ſtory with | affirm , that neither of theſe was he who ſet up this
monument in memory of his wite.
As there is one Roman military way that leads from
hence dire&ly ſouthward to Wincheſter ; ſo is there
after, the place was demoliſh'd, either in the Saxon | another that paſſes weſtward thro? Pamber (a thick and
Wars, or when Athelwolf, in rebellion againſt _ ——_—— ;) then by ſome Me tek _— wy
aniſh | uninhabited, it runs near Lirchfie/4, that 15, 15e
carcaſſes,and fo to the foreſt of Chute, pleaſanc for its
dy trees, and the diyerſions of hunting ; where the
(though they have loſt their coping and battlements) | huntſmen and forefters admire ic's pav'd riſing ridge,
ſeem to have been of a great height. For by the | which is plainly viſible, tho' now and then broken off.
Now northward, in the very limits almoſt of this
A — Lt... — TT ON ——"Y
—— —
u By i; Fremantle in a Park where King John much hunted.
—
and
ly a ſeat of the Sa- Kingſcleare
@ . A
' —— — a _
-
ÞBEB'L.G A
IO I OC—
and Burgh-cleare, that lies under a high hill, on the
top of which there is a military (ſuch as our
anceſtors calld Burgh) ſurrounded with a large
trench : and there being a commanding proſpet
from hence all the country round,a Beacon 1s here tix'd,
which by fire gives notice to all neighbouring parts
of the advance of an enemy. Theſe kind of watch-
towers we call in our language Beacons, from the old
word Beacnian, i. &. to becken: they have been in uſe
here in England for ſeveral ages ; fomerimes made
of a high pile of wood, and ſometimes of little bar-
rels 11 with pitch ſet on the top of a large pole in
places that are moſt expos'd to view, where ſome al-
ways keep watch in the night ; and formerly alſo
the horſemen call'd Hobelers by our Anceſtors, were
ſettled in ſeveral places to fignitie the approach of the
enemy -- fan £4 [1].
This County, as well as all the reſt we have thus
far deſcrib'd, belong'd to the Weſt-Saxon Kings ;
and ( as Marianus tells us) when Sigebert was de-
pos'd for bis tyrannical oppreflion of the ſubje&, he
had this County afſign'd him, that he might not ſeem
intirely depriv'd of his government. But for his re-
peated crimes they afterward expell'd him out of thoſe
parts too3 and the miſerable condition of this de-
pos'd Prince was fo far from moving any one's pity,
that he was forc'd to conceal himſelf 1n the wood
Anderida, and was there killed by a Swine-herd.
This County has had very few: Earls, beſides thoſe
of Wincheiter, which I have before ſpoken of At
the coming in of the Normans, one Bogo,'or Feavele,
a Saxon, had this title ; who in the battel at Card:rf
in Wales fought againſt the Normans. He was a
man of great military courage and conduct ; and
while the Monksendeavour'd toextol him by falls and
legendary tales,they have drown'd his valiant exploits
in a fort of deep miſt. From this time we read of no
other Earl of this County till the reign of Henry £&.
who advanc'd William Fitz-Will:ams (deſcended from
che daughter of the Marqueis of Moncacute ) in his
elder years, to the honours of Earl of Southampton,
and Lord High Admiral of England. But he ſoon
after dying without iflue, King Edward 6. in the
firſt year of his reign, conferr'd that honour upon
Thomas IWWriotheoſley Lord Chancellour of England ;
and his grandſon Henry, by Henry his fon, now en-
joys that title; who in his younger years has arm'd
the nobility of his birth with the ornaments of learn-
ing and military arts, that in his riper age he may
employ them in the ſervice of his King and Country,
There are in thu County 253 Pariſhes, and 18 Market Towns.
ISL E of
O this County of Southamren, belongs an
Iſland which lies ſouthward in length op-
poſite to it; by the Romans formerly call'd
Vetta, Vetts, and Vitteſis ; by Ptolemy,
'Ovix]nas 3 by the Britains, Guith ; by the Saxons,
Wuirland and Wicþ-ea (for they.call'd an Iſland Ea,)
we now call it the Ie of Wight, and Whight. Tis fe
parated from the Continent of Britain by ſo ſmall a
rapid channel, which they formerly call'd Solent, that
it ſeems to have been joyn'd to it ; whence ( as Nin-
nius obſerves ) the Britains call'd it Gwuith, which ſig-
nities a Separation [ t]. For the ſame reaſon the learn-
ed Fulins Scaliger is of opinion, that Sicily had it's
name from the Latin word Seco ; becauſe it was bro
kerhoff, and as it were diſſected from Italy, Whence
(wich ſubmiffion always to the Criticks) I would
read that paſſage in the ſixth of . Seneca's Natural
Quet. Ab Italia Sicilia reſeFa ; and not reje&a, as 'tis
commonly read. From the nearneſs of it's ſituation,
and the likeneſs of it's name, we may guels this Vet
to be that 1#a, which (as Diodorus Siculus has it)
at every tide ſeem'd to be an Iſland ; but at the time
of the ebb, the ground between this Iſland and the
Continent was 1o dry, that the old Britains us'd to
carry their tinn over thither in Carts, in order to
cranſport it into France. But I cannot think this to
be Pliny's Mi&#, tho' Ve#a come very near the name :
for in that Ifland there was white lead, whereas in
this there is not any one vein of metal, that I
know of.
This Iſland, from eaſt to weſt, is like a Lentil, or of
an oval form, in length 2o miles ; and in the middle,
where 'tis broadeſt, 12 milcs over ; the ſides lying
north and ſouth. To fay nothing of the abundance of
fiſh in this ſea ;; the ſoil 1s very fruitful, and anſwers the
husbandman's expe&ation even fo far as to yield him
corn to export. There is every where plenty of rab-
bets, hares, partridge, and pheaſants ; and it has be-
ſides, a foreſt and two parks, which are well ſtock'd
with deer, for the pleaſures of hunting. Through
the middle of 'the Iſland runs a long ridge of hills,
where is plenty of paſture for ſheep; whoſe wool,
next to that of Lemiter and Cotteſwold, is reckon'd
the beſt, and is in ſo much requeſt with the Clo-
thiers, that the inhabitants make a great advantage
of it. In the northern part there is very good pa-
{turage, meadow-ground, and wood ; the ſouthern
F106 HT.
| part is in a manner all a corn country , enclos'd
with ditches and hedges. Art each end the ſea docs
ſo inſinuate and thruſt in it ſelf from the north, that
it makes almoſt two Iſlands, which indeed are call'd
ſo by the inhabitants ; that on the weſt fide Freſb-
water Ile, the other on the caſt Binbridge Ie. Bede
reckon'd in it in his time 12c0 families ; now it has
36 towns, villages, and caſtles; and as to its Eccle-
fiaſtical Government, is under the juriſdiction of the
Biſhop of Wincheſter ; bur as to, it's Civil, under the
County of South-hameon. The inhabirants facoti-
ouſly boaſt how much happier they are than other
people, ſince they never had either ? * Monks,
Lawyers, or Foxes. wow.
The places of greateſt note are theſe ; Newport, the Ne
beſt market town in the Iſland, formerly calld Me-
dena, and Nowns Burgus ae Meden, 1. &. the new Bur-
rough of Meden, whence the whole country, as it lies
eaſt and weſt, is divided into EaF-Meden and IWeit-
Meden | u |.
ſtrange mangling of the name for 7/b:rgaresburg (from
one Hhitgar a Saxon, of whom more hereafter,) and
lies in the very midſt of the Iſland. It was lately
magnificently rebuilt oy the Governour. To this
cal(tle belong very many Knights Fees ; and for anti-
quity 1t exceeds all others in the iſland | w |.
ding, another market-rown. Newton and Yarmcuth
Mayor towns, that return Burgeſles to Parliament.
This Yarmouth and Sharpnore have their caſtles, which
with 7/crſleys-tower defend the north-weſt ſhore.
Oppoſice ro it, and not above two miles diſtant, is
Hur#t-caſtle, ſituated on a little tongue of land in 1%
Hamſhire. ! Quarre, where was founded An. Dom.
1132. a Nunnery. Godjhii, where J. Worley erected
a ſchool for the education of youth. Weif-Cow and
Ea#t-Cow, which are now ruind, were built at the
Encrance into Newport by Hea, 8. of which Leland:
Cour fulminee due coru/cant
Hac caſum colit, ille Sols ertum
Vettam qua Neoport is intrat altam.
The ewo great Cows that in loud Thunder roar,
This on the Eaſtern, that the Weſtern ſhore,
Where Newport enters ſtately Wight.
On the North.eaſt ide ſtands Sandbam caſtle ,
ſtrengthen'd , like the reſt, with great pieces of
Cannon.
of
”m
1s "Tis pEin from the Monafficon canum, that this Quarre, or more rightly $Sxarrer, was not for Nuns, out tz
win Earl of Devon. and re Virgin Mary.
ſhould add Monks, fince S. Mary's in Canby wif 7 RG was a Cell of Elack Monks belonging firft ro Lyre in 17”
race in Yorkſhire, and then tro the Ci
iſtercians of Sheen. Beiides this, there were in the Iflard three P;io1 ies
Mcrks, Surded by Baic-
This
mY
Caeresbrok , an old caſtle fo call'd by a C5
Bra- _.
on
29
HA A MSHIRE.
+
& if under Claudius.
'"" In the reign of Claudins, by the favour of Narciſſus, «he
was ſent Lientenant of a Legion mto Germany ; thence
. * pgvernment of Britaine, laid wait for the Romans
m. gar, who put the Britiſh Inhabitants ro the ſword,
' when he ood godfather to him. Ceadwalla King of
This Iſland is as well fortify'd by Nature as Art;
for it is etnconipaſſed with a continu'd ridge of rocks:
ſome alſo lye vader warer all along before the Ifland,
and are very incommodious to Sailors. But the moſt
dangerous are the Needles, fo call'd becauſe they are
very ſharp and pointed ; the Shingles, which lye on
the weſt corner of the Iſland ; as on the ealt-ſide, the
Owers and the Mixon ; and on the North-coaſt the.
Brambles, ſhelves which often deceive the Mariners.
And if there be any place where an Enemy might
conveniently land ; that, according to the old cu-
ſtom, is fenc'd with ſtakes faſten'd in the ground.
But for all this, it is nor fo well fortify'd by its
rocks or caſtles, as by it's inhabitants, who are natu-
rally very bold and couragious;- and by the dayly di-
ligence and care of the Governour, have the methods
of Exerciſe fo perfe&, that ler the ſervice they are put
upon be what it will, it is not new to them : for the
ſhoot at a mark admirably, keep their ranks, marc
orderly ; if occaſion require, they can either caſt
themſelves into a round, (tand at a diſtance one from
another, or come clole up together ; chey can endure
long marches, and the fatigue of them in hot and
duſty weather 3 in ſhort, they are Malters of what-
ever 15 requiſite for a fouldier. The Ifland of it ſelf
can raiſe 4000 ſuch men in time of war ; beſides,
there are 3000 of the Hamſhire Militia, and 2000
of the Wiltſhire, appointed to be always ready for
the defence of the Iſland. And that they may with
greater eaſe repuite the Enemy, the whole Country
is divided into eleven parts, every one of which has
it's Centoner, as much as a Certtwrios ; and it's Vintons,
as much as the Vicenar11, 1. E. Leaders of Twenty ; not to
mention the great pieces of Cannon ; the Centinels,
who keep watch on the high hills where the Beacons
ſtand; and their Poſts and Couriers, by an obſolere
name call'd Hobleys, who ate to give intelligence of
all occurrences to the Governour.
Veſpaſian was the firſt who reduc'd it to the power
of the Romans, whilſt he ſerv'd as a private Officer
For thus Suetonius writes of him:
remov'd into Eritaine, he fought 30 pitch'd Battels with
that Enemy, ſnbdu'd 2 powerful nations, took above 20
towns, together with the Iſle of Wight that lies upon the
Coait of Britain ; and all thu partly under the command
of Aulus Plautius a Conſular Licutenant, partly under the
conduSt of the Emperor Claudius himſelf. For which be
was honour d with triumphal ornaments, and in a ſhort
time after with 2 Sacerdotal Drgnities. "Twas at this
Inand that Ale&us's flere, when he had uſurp'd the
coming againſt them; who yet by the help of a favour:
able miſt, {ail d undiſcover'd by the enemies to ſhore,
and fer fire to the ſhips, that there might be no tempta-
tion to run away. The tirſt of the Saxons that ſub-
du'd it was Cerdicns, and he gave it to Stuffa and Whit-
( fo that bur few were left) in Whitgaraburgh, call'd
"OO ————— —
to be there. The co this [land is judg'd by the
Engliſh to include 12 op des : \. nradul,s $ of Them
were given ro rhe Biſhop. But he committed that part
which be rectiv'd, to one of his Clerks, by name Bernwin,
who was his ſiſter's ſon, giving him a prieſt, whoſe name
was Hildila, with orders to baptize, and preach the word
of God to all thoſe that were deſirous of feloadics Where [
think my ſelf hound to obſerve, 'that among the fir ft uits
of rhoſe who were converted in that Iſland, 2 young boys of
the blaod-rojal, brothers to Arvandus King of the Iſland,
were by the ſpecial grace of God, crown'd with mayt
For when the enemies were ready to invade the-
young brothers made their eſcape, and got over to
fury of the conquering Prince, they were betray d, and or-
| b b,
der'd to be fv m7 Which y Arr fo _ of a cer-
tam Abbot and Prie#t call'd Cynbreth, that at a ſmall
diſtance from thence had a Monaſtery in a place call'd
Reodford, 5. e. the ford of reeds; ys tame to the King,
who was then privately in thoſe parts for the cure of bi
wounds which be had receiyd in the 1 of Wight, and
defir'd of him, that if thoſe young brothers muft be kill d,
he would pleaſe firft to permit them to be baptiz'd. This
requeſt the King granted ; upon which the Abbot having
mſtrutted them m the word of truth, and waſhed them im
the fountain of ſabvation,made them certain of their entrance
mto the king dom of heaven. And immediately after, the
Executioner coming to them, they joyfully ſubmitted to a
temporal death, as a ſure and certam paſſage to cternal
life. And in this order, after all the provinces of Britain
had receiv/d the Chriſtian faith, the Iſle of Wight was al.
ſo converted ; in which notwithſtanding, becauſe of the
miſeries of a foreign yoke, no one had the dignity of a Ms-
mter or Biſhop before Daniel, who is now Biſhop of the
Weft-Saxons and the Genuifſſi.
After chis, Authors ſay nothing of the Iſland till the
ear 1066. when Toſtiws, brother to K. Harald, with
me Pirate-ſhips from Flanders, out of ill will to his
brother landed here, and when be had co
years after ( as I find in an ancient book belonging
co'the Priory of Caeresbroke, which was ſhewn me by
Robert Glover Somerſet-herald, that great oracle in
Genealogical Antiquities ) as William the Baſtard con-
quer'd England, ſo William Fitz-Osborne ( who was his
Mareſchal and Earl of Hereford ) conquer'd the Iſle of
Wight, and was firf# Lord of it. A Jong time after
which, the French in the year 1377. by ſurprize
landed, and plunder'd the Iſle. They made another
unſucceſsful attempt A. D. 1403. being bravely dri-
ven back; as alſo within the memory of our fathers,
in the reign of Hen. 8. when the French Gallies fer
fire to one or two {mall Cottages.
preſently atter being ſlain in the wars of Flanders
and his fon Roger attainted and baniſh'd, it came
into the King's hands, and Henry 1. K. of England
gave it to Richard de Ridvers (otherwiſe calld Red-
vers and de Ripariis,) Earl of Devonſhire, and with
ſo from him, and now by contraction Caresbrook.
After, Ielpher, King of the Mercians, ſubdu'd this |
Itand, and gave it, together with the country of the |
Meanwari, to E.deiwalch King of the South-Saxons,
the Weſt-Saxons, ( after that Edelwalch was kill'd,
and Arvandus petty King of the Iſland was made
away ) joyn'd it to his own dominions, and moſt
cruelly maſſacred very nigh all the natives of the
Iſland. He gave to Biſhop Wed (who firſt inſtruct-
ed the inhabitants in the Chriſtian Religion) 300
Hides, being the 4th part of the Iſland. For your |
better information, take Bede's own words.
After that Ceadwalla had got the King dom of the Ge-
ith, he rook alſo the Ile of Wight, which till then WAs
wholly given to Idolairy ; and by a bloody Maſſacre did
endeavour quite to extirpate the native inbabitants, and in
\therr ſtead to people it with hus own Country-men, obliging
bimfelf, as they ſay,by vow, (1ho' be was not as yet become a
Chriſtian) that if be conquer'd the Iſland be would devore the
fourth part both of it and his whole ſpoil, to God ; which
be accordingly did, by giving it to Biſhop Wilfrid for the
ſervice of God ; for be being bis country-man, bappen'd
|
it the Fee of the village of Chri#-Church. Here this
Richard built a Caſtle, as likewiſe another at Caref-
brooke ; but his fon Baldwin ( in the croublelome
reign ot K. Stephen, when there were as many per-
ty Princes in England as Lords of Caſtles, who all
pretended to a right of coining money, and other
rights of ſovereign power ) was turn'd our of this
caſtle by K. Stephen. Yet his poſterity recover'd
their ancient righe, whoſe pedigree I have already
drawn down where I treated at large of the Earls of
Devonſhire. Art length, Jabell widow to William
de Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle and Holderneſs , ſiſter
and heireſs of Baldwin the laſt Earl of Devonſhire of
this Family,was, not without difficulty, conſtrain'd by
Charter to ſurrender up her right herein to K. Edw. x.
Since that time, the Kings of England have had
the poſſeflion of this Iſle; and Henry de
Earl of Warwick, - was by King Henry 6. ( in whom
he had a great intereſt ) crown'd King of the Iſle of
Wight, and afterwards entitl'd Firit Earl of all England.
But this new and extraordinary Title dy*'d with him.
Affferwards Richard Wideviie Earl of Rivers, was made
Lord of the Iſle of wage by Edward 4. and Reginald
Bray
OG IG OO
130
* Familia
rum.
Province ; where coming 10 a place that is calld Ad La- Jurarom.
pidem, and thinking tro ſecure thimſelves there from the *© Þ: 192
y a 4 be 1m- Florence of
babitants to pay him a certain Tribute, ſaid off. A few Worceſter.
As to the Lords of this Ifle : ' William Firz,-Osborn Lords of
the lile of
? Wight.
———
131
FELT
—
£rmam Brey receiv'd it || to farm ( 25
Or the yearly a5 of 300 Marks, from K. one. 2
who bad a affe&tion for him. ides/thefe,
it has had for it's Lords a nable Family call'd 4 b-
the Lawyers call it) | ſula or Lifke, one of whom inthe reign ol Edw. 2.
was ſurmmon'd co Parliament under the name of
Fobn de InſulaVetta, i.e. of che Iile of Wight.
__—_—
—C
Right
name of the
OY" is the Saxon name of ir,) I know not.
Certain it is, ap 6a _ have =
wen it after the coming in e Normans, wh
Cn along with them the cuſtom of placing (h)
after (c,) a manner of writing akogether unknown
to the Saxons. The ancient Annals call it expretly
Hamcunrcype, which is by.later writers 1 into
Hamteſchyre, Hampteſhire, and Hamyſhuye. Florence of
Worceſter indeed calb it Haxtunſezre 3 but it muſt
needs be a miſtake of-che Librarian for Hamtunſcyre,
ſince the Saxon-Aunals call it fa, and he trauſcrib'd
from them. Which ; the one peat boca
our modern Haxnts and Hanrſhire ( generally us'd as
the true names ) plainly proceed Coat this miltake
in the writing, Hantunſcyre being naturally melted in-
to Hantſhire. -
bÞ Affeer the name, we come to the County it
{elf ; a part whereof our Author obſerves was that
Natarilcod, Natanleov mention'd by our Hiſtories. Tho' the
ſtory be very obſcure ; yer ane may. venture to at-
firm, even againſt the Awnals, that this King's name
could nat be Nazanleov, but rather Natan or Naza,
which by the addition of leov, 1.C. a contrey, ignites
the tratf or country of Natan. Pelides, ane of the
Capics calls is Nazagleag, that is, rhe field of Natan ;
which naturally ſuggeſts what Mr. Camden could not
ſo well infer from the other, viz. ſome remains of
the old name, as in Netey and Nutley, in this County.
[ c ] 'Tis poflible the Avon (as our Author conje-
&ures) might be calld Alaun ; but Allingbam is no
proof of iz, there being no fuch place near the ri-
ver ; unleſs he means Ellngbam, the affinity whereof
with Ellandune has caus'd an opinion, that the battle
between Egbert and Bermulf might be in this place ;
and the rather, becauſe Higden teli!s us it was in
* See thar Hamſhire. Bur as the engagement was really * in
County. Wileſhire, ſo Higden's error ſeems to have been occa-
ſfion'd by the Monk of Wincheſter's ſaying that it
was at Elendune, which was a mannour belonging to the
Priory of Wincheper. |
[ d] Eaſt of the river is New-Fore##, wherein are
9 Walks, and to every one a Keeper. It has two
Raungers, 2 Bow-bearer ; and a Lord-Warden, which
+ Itinerar. office (as t Leland ſays) formerly belong'd by right
MS. Vols. of inheritance to the Earls of Arwndel; but it is at pre-
ſent in the hands of his Grace the Duke of Bolton.
[ e ] In this foreſt is the Caſtle of Malwoed, || the
area whereof contains a great many acres. The form
of it inclines towards a ſquare ; and on it's banks or
works (which are ſingle, and not very great) there
row Oaks. On the north-ſide hard by it, is the
Oak that budds on Chriltmas-day ; and withers
again before night: it was order'd by K. Charles
the ſecond to be pal'd round. The conſtant Tradi-
tion is, that Wiliem Rufzs was kill'd near this Caſtle;
and that this is the Tree upon which Tyrre!'s arrow
glanc'd.
In the ſame foreſt, at Godzbill near Fordingbridge,
* is a Camp upon the hill which is overgrown with
Oaks : one ſide is a ſteep cliff, and the other double-
trenche.
{ t ] Upon the edge of the foreſt is Caſſhor-Caſtie,
corrypted fram Caldſhore, ( as our Author obſerves )
and poſſibly the Cenaiceropa of the Saxons ; which
ſcems to have been in the weſterly parts of England.
For the fame that Matthew Weſtminſter affirms
to have landed i Occidental: parte Britannie, are {ai
by the Saxon-Annals to haye come aſhore at Cenoi-
ceropa. If upon fuch a conjeture one might re-
move it from Yarmouth into thoſe parts, I know no
place on Jay better claim to it than this, whe- |
Ellingham.
New-forecſt.
Malwood-
caſtle.
[| Aubr. MS.
Godshill.
* Ibid.
ADDITIONS to HAMSZHIRE,
"I Y what Author chis County is calld
« B Hanzexchyp (which Ms. Camden fays | ſt
ther we conſider the ſtuation, ar other circum-
[ g |] Next is Southampton : for ſo one ought to Sel,
call it, rather than Soxthewrar, with Mr. Camden =
and others ; which has no authoricy to ſupport u,
but only a poffibility of che river 7e#t being call'd
Amiop, and the writing of the whole County, in
Domefday-book., Hamſcyre. The latter is already
ſhawn to be an error ; and the former is too light to
be oppos'd to the authority of our moſt ancient
t Hiltories, wherein we find it call'd fimply Hamtun. | CO
Beſides, the Sourh muſt imply ſome relation to the ri- * ®
ver ; and if o, why had it not that joyn'd to it from
the beginning, ſince che river has ſtill had the ſame
chanel 2?
{ h ] Thetown 1s not in the ſame flouriſhing con-
diction as formerly ; for having loſt it's trade, it has
loſt molt of it's inhabirants too, and the great houſes
of merchants are now dropping to the ground, and
only ſhow it's ancient magniticence. In the place
where our Authar obſerves Roman Coins were fot-
mecly drgg'd up, there 15 now a Dock, for the build-
ing of Men of War; and not long ſince a golden
Coin was faund hereabaurs.
[ i ] Our next guide is the river 7e#, upon which
is Andwver, a very populous Corporation ; where is 4
a Free-ichool founded by Feb» Hanſon, A. D. 1 569.
and an Hoſpital for the maintenance of 6 men, built
and endow'd by Mr. John Polen, who is a Member
of Parliament for this Corporation.
At ſamediſtanceis Quarley-bills, F upon which there Q«:
a great fortification, with quadruple works on the -
welt-ſide of it. The two outward trenches are di- '*
ſtant farther than ordinary one from the other: from
the outer to the ſecond, 69 paces ; from the ſecond
to the third, 36 paces.
The other river that comes to Southampton, our
Author imagines was call'd Alre; it is now com-
monly nam'd Irchin, from a Pariſh of that name i:
near it's head. -Upon it lies Alresford, which on May- 4s
day, 1610. was deſtroy'd by a fire that began in ſeve-
ral parts of the town almoſt at the ſame time ; and
butne down alſo their Market-houſe and Church :
but many of the houſes and the market-houſe are re-
faid | was laid the 23 of March, 1683. but being not fi
built. Before the fire the1e was net one inhabitant
that receivd any thing out of Collections for the
r.
From this place to Au/ron there goes all along a
Roman High-way ; part of which makes a head or
itank co an extraordinary great pond here at Alre:-
ford : and nearer the river's head are three noble '
leats : Chilton-Candever, built by the late Sir Robert
Worſley ; the Grawnge, by the late Sir Robert Hen-
ley ; and Abborſtow, by the preſent Duke of Bolton,
but not quice finiſher.
[ k ] Next, the river goes to Winchefer, concern- yi
ing the ancient condition whereof there is lictle to be
added. * The old ruines near the Cathedral are of *
Roman building, and conliſt of ſmall flints, wich
mortar as hard as ſtone, fo that the whole wall ſeems
to be one entire ſtone. In the beginning of the
late Civil Wars, the Soldiers opening the Marble-
Coffin of William Rufus, which lies in the Choir,
found on his thumb a golden Ring with a Ruby fer
in it.
[1] In the place where the Caſtle ſtood ( which x
is mention'd by our Author ) is now a Royal pa-*
lace, begun by King Chazles 2. . The foundation
niſhd before that King's Death, ic remains only the
model of a more noble deſign. There was particular-
ly intended a large Cupilo, 30 foot above the root,
which would have been ſen a great way to the ſ:a;
and
—_—_ — — — - — -- ————— — ———_ Ce ea ee i
_—_ _—
— -_— — — _
HA MSHES RE ©
} A |
| 88
—_—_
and alfo a fair {treec leading ro the Carhicdral gare
in a dire& line from the front'of the houte ; for
which, and for the Parks, the nd was procur'd.
The Sourh-ſide is 216 foot, and the Weſt 326. 'ris
{2id to have coft+25000 pound already.
Cm ] The Biſhop's Palace 'which Mr. Camden
ſpeaks of, was feiz'd on in the late Civil Wars and
pull'd down," to make money of the Lead and other
materials; but ſince the Reſtoration, Biſhop Morley
laid out 2300 pound on a handſom ſtructure for char
uſe, and dying before ir was finiſh'd,' left 5oo pound
co complete ir. ' Over the door is this Inſcription:
Georgius Morley Epiſcopus bas aes propriis impenſis de
novo ſtrexit, A.D. 1684. |
In, There have been in this City (as appears by
Biſhop Andrewss Regiſtry) $32 Pariſh-Churches ,
which are now a!l demoliſt'd fave eight. In the
xa Cathedral Church-yard is a College erected by the
late Biſhop Morley, An. 1672. for 10 Miniſters Wi-
dows, and by him very well endow'd with a yearly
Revenue.
gueſſes Since H#i/lizm Pauler had this honour conferr'd up-
vat on him, the ſame perſons have been ſucceflively both
'_ Marqueſſes of this place, and Earls of Wiltſhire ; co
which County I refer the Reader for a more parti-
cular information.
thee (oO) On St. Katherine's Hill near Wincheſter ,
e+bill . || there is a Camp with a ſingle work, and fingle
= eraffe, neither exactly round nor ſquare ; but ac-
cording to the gro:nd of rhe hill.
[p] Going from hence to the ſhore, we meet
£outh With Port/mouth, the appearance of which place (as
to the extent, ſtrength and magnificence of the
land-fortifications, as well as things belonging to
marine affairs ) is very much alter'd ſince Mr. Cam-
den's time, and even ſince the Reſtoration of King
Charles 2. For through the growth of Naval A#:-
on in England ( whereof more in the Notes upon
Chatham in Kent) it is now reckon'd amongſt the
principal Chambers of the Kingdom, for the laying
up of it's Royal Navy ; as being furniſh'd on ſhore
with Docks wet and dry, Store- houſes, Rope-yards, ma-
terials and requiſites of 2.11 kinds for the building, re-
pairing, rigging, arming, victualling, and compleat
ficting to ſea, ſhips of the higheſt rates. Ir has al(o
Dwelling-houſes and ample A-:commodations for a
Commillioner, and all the ſubordinate Officers and
Maſlter-Artizans, needtul for the conſtant attending
and executing the day and nizhe ſervices of the Na-
vy in this Port, both in. Peace; and War.
Since our Author's time, tl1is place hath given the
ticle of Dutcheſs ro Lowiſe de Queronalle, created Aug.
19. 1673.
xi. [q] North from hence is /Jarneford, on the North-
ſide of whoſe Church the Inlcription quoted by
Camden appears topbe thus :
Ade bic de Portu Solis benedicat ab ortu,
Gens cruce ſignata per quern ſic ſum renovata.
,
ho? $
W32
Ss 5 &
And as by theſz the Repazrer is diſcover'd, fo is the
Founder of it by three others upon the South-ſide :
Fratres orate, prece weſtra ſanttificate,
Templs fattores, ſemores & pumores,
Wilfrid ft undawit, bonus Ads.m fic renovavit.
All you that come here:,
'Beltow a kind prayer
On the Church's builders,
Both youngers and e'dets ;
Whar pious Failfrid rais'd
Good 442m increas'd.
[ r | Towards the nortiern limit of this County),
is Baſing, memorable for a battle of Ethelred and
Alfred againſt the Danes, in the year 871. wherein
the latter were Conquerors.
1 Kt [ {] North-weſt from hence, upon the edge of
- 45 WW 4s. Barkthire ©, is a ſquare Camp, upon Cornbull, nigh
1 W:t-Woodhay, five miles from Newbury.
|
Continuation of the EARLS.
— Ws
l, Peſide the Earls mention'd by our Author ſince the
particularly, in the year 860. ( in the time of King
Erhelbert) Oſric ſeems to have had this honour, by
his leading up 'the Hamſhire-rtieh againſt rhe Danes,
along wich Ethelwulf and his Berkihire-men ; ch:0'
by the Saxon- Annals they are both ſtyPd Eal>on-
men. Whether, in King Edgar's time, «!/here ,
and afterwards e£/fhe/m, had the fame, I dare not be
poſitive. As tor thoſe of later dare; qfter the deach
of Henry the laſt Earl mention'd by our Author, this
honour deſcended to Thomas IWriothefley his fon, who
upon the Reltoration of King Charles 2. was created
Knight of the Garrer, and made Lord High Trea-
ſurer of England. He was thrice marry'd, bur left
no iſſue-male hehind him, nor any to inherit his
Title; fo that irt the year 167. Charles Firz- Roy, eld-
eſt fon to the Durcheſs of Clcaveland, had this honour
among others conferr'd upon him.
{t] A branch of this County is the ISLE OF
WIGHT, calld by the Saxons * Wihz and Wihe- + Chron.
land, not ( as our Author ) Wurzland and Wicþ-ea; **
nor as Sir H Spelman, Wire, Wirzeland, Wire-ea.
Thae the original .of it is the Britiſh Guirh, 1.e. a Di-
yorce, however plauſible, is yet an opinion nor uni-
verſally agreed upon. For tho* Ninnius a Britain has
call'd it fo; yet *twas after the coming in of that
ople which our Hiſtorians term Fute, the Saxons
Re and Jutna cynn ; and at the fame time all
agree that this Iſland fell to their ſhare, upon the ex-
pulfion of the Britains. Now Bede expreſly names
them Vice, which the Saxon idiom on courle would
pronounce Hite, as it changes Vir into Wen. And
the Interpreter of Bede calls the Fates that came over
Gearar, or Getes, which points out to us their firſt
original from the Goths, once ſo very conſiderable a
People in Germany. In the || Laws of Edward the || Cap.3s-
Confeſlor they are named Guti, which (as * Sir Hen- * Gloſlar.in
ry Spelman obſerv'd ) by a cuſtom of changing Gu ©**
into Wy or i, becomes the ſame with Fy:ti or Wits ;
and ,the Saxon-Aſpiration, us'd in hundreds of the
like inſtances, brings ic to the true writing Wihe
and Wihclans. If the names may be thus reconci-
led without ſtraining, the reaſon of che thing makes
the conjeture much more probable. For what can
we imagine more natural, than that this people
ſhould call their Diw1/on after their own name ; in
the ſame manner as the Saxons and Angles ( the two
other ſharers) fixt their names upon their reſpe&ive
bounds, as any one may obſerve by the ancient Di-
viſion of England ?
[ u ] The places of moſt note, are New-port, which wew-porr
ſince Mr. Camden's time hath given the title of Earl
to Montjoy Blunt, created Aug. 3. 4* Car. 1. who was
ſucceeded in the ſame honour by his fon and heir
George Blqunt ; and he by his brother Henry.
[ w ] Next is Caresbrook-caſtle , call'd in Saxon cares-
Wihtgapabuph, from Wibrgar the Saxon ( not Whi- _ Ca-
gar,) a Caſtle very eminent inthe beginning of the ©
Saxon times ; and inour age particularly remarkable
for the impriſonment of King Charles 1.
More rare Plants growing wild in Hamſhire.
Aſcyrum ſupinum villoſum paluſtre C. B. Park.
Mearſh S. Peter's wort with woolly leaves. On a rotten
mooriſh ground not far from Southampton abundantly, I:
grows on the like grounds in many places, eſpecially of rhe
Weft-Country.
Alopecuros maxima Anglica Park. altera maxima
Anglica paludoſa Ger. emac. altera maxima Anglica
paludoſa, ſeu Gramen Alopecuroides maximum *. B.
Lob. Ad. part. alt. The great Engliſh marſh-Fox-tail-
graſs. In the moiſt paſtures of thu County, near the Salt-
works, and an ancient honſe calPd Drayton, about two
miles from Portſmouth, over agam{t the Iſle of Wight,
plentifully. Lobel. ;
Afphodelus luteus Acorifolius paluſtris Anglicus
Lobelii F. B. Lancaſtriz verus Ger. emac. deſcr. Picu-
do-aſphodelus paluſtris Anglicus C. B. Lancaſhire-
Aſphodel cr Baſtard-iſphodel. On a bog m a beath im
4 Conquelt, we read of fome in the Saxon times ;
the mid-way berween Sarishury and Sourbampton. Thu
I 2 5
135 Þ:E L, © A. IJ
i very. common in bogs and watery places both in the Weſt C. B. French Mercury the niale and female. On the baich
and North parts of England. > otic near Ryde in the The of Wight, plentifull. |
Bardana minor, Ger, Xanthium feu lappa minor | | Nidus avis flore & caule violaceo-purpureo colore,
7. B. Park. Lappa minor, Xanthium Dioſcoridis | an Pſeudo-lmadoron Cluf. hiſt, p. 290. Ger. emac.
C.-B. The leffer Burdock. 1 once found it m the road | p. 228. Found in the border of @ Field call d Mar-
| from Portſmuurh to London, about 3 miles from Portſ- | horn , mear Habridge in Halibern @ mile from Alton.
mouth. But it being an annual plant, may be loft again | Mr. Goodyer. 7 ;
there. Pulmonariia foliis Echii Ger. rubro flore, foliis
Ciſlampelds altera Anglica minima Park. p. 173. | Echii F. B. anguſtifolia coruleo rubente flore C. 3.
The leaft Engliſh Black Bindweed. Tha grows about | Bugloſs Cowſlips, or long-leaved Sage of Feruſalem.
Drayton near Portſmonth. It differs little from the com- | Found by Mr. Goodyer ng, May 25. in @ wood by
mon black Bindweed but in the ſmalineſs of it's parts : | Holbury Hauſe in the new foreſt Hamſture.
which may be owing to the barrenneſs of the ſoil. Rapunculus corniculatus montanus Ger. flore glo-
Dryopteris Penz & Lobelii Ger. emac. p. 1135. | boſo purpureo 7. B. folio oblango, ſpica orbiculari
True Oak-Fern. This Mr. Goodyer found in @ very wet | C. B. Alopecuroides orbiculatus Park. Horned Rampi-
moor or hog, call'd White-row moor, where Peat 1s now | ons with a round bead of flowers. Found by Mr. Goodyer
dipged a mile from Petersfield in Hamſhire. Tha found | in the encloſed chalky billy grounds by Maple-Durbam, near
in many wet and boggy grounds in divers Counties of | Petersfield in Hamſhire. It grows in divers places of the
England. It is called by Þ. Baubine Filix minor non | Downs #n Saſex.
ramoſa ; and by us Fil. minor paluſtris repens. As for the Geniſtella Anglica ſpinoſa ſupina, ſive
Erica maritima Anglica ſupina Perk. Engliſh low | Chamzſpartum ſupinum, which Lobel is ſaid to have
Sea-beath. Found by Lobel abour Partſmouth. Park. | obſerved growing not far from Southſea caſtle, where it
p. 1485. This we have found in many places on the Sea- | flower'd El and Auguſt, with ſlender trailing branches
vm in Eſſex and Suffolk. of a ſpan long. |
va arborea marina noſtras Park. Engliſh Sea-| And the Geniltella five Chamzſpartum rem,
Tree-Mallow. About Hurſt-caſtle near the Iſle of Wight : | flore & acutis ſpinis ſpartoſapino paribus & ſimilibus;
here alſo grows Crithmum chryſanthemum #2 great | found by the ſame Lobel flowring in Eh near Portſmouth,
plonty on the miry marſh ground. both which be 1s ſaid to bawe deſcrib'd in the Margiv of
Mercurialis mas & famina 7. B. vulgaris mas & | bis Dutch Herbal P. B. We could not find any ſuch Plants
foemina Park. Ger. Merk. teſtzculata ſive mas Diol- | in thoſe places, neither heard we of them.
coridis & Plinii : & fpicata five foemina eorundem
—
* _— a- _ - _ —
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ATTREBATLL
4 HE Attrebatii, as in France, ſa likewiſe in Britaine, border upon the Belg. New
q that name is wholly diſusd, and the countrey they inÞabited is commonly call d Bark-
ſhire. But it,ought to be raken for granted, ſince Ceſar informs us that the Foreign-
ers which came out of Gallia
Y retain'd the names bevy own couitfies, that theſe our Attrebatii re5iov'd hither for
among Ft the Attrebates in Gault ; who, accorditng to Prolerry, poſſeſs'd the miaritime
ca inhabired the ſea-coaFts of Britaine, and {till
; WT A parts of Gault, upon the Seih, 16 wit, that wery country, which may be ſaid- in a
grounds, that
ed bis ſails to be hois'd up,
manner to lye oppoſite to our Attrebatii. Therefore Ceſar wrote not without good
nits Attrebatetiſis was of great authority in: theſe parts, that is,
"amongſt his own country»then ; and rhat |
hither; when, as we have it it Froncirns, his ſhips being ran a-pground, he command-
e bis being conquet'd by Caſar, he fled
and by that means bindred Cefar's purſuit ; | who ſeeing his
full ſails afar off, and Juppoſg be made _ with a freſh yale, deſiſted from fol-
lowing him farther. Whence they had this name of Att
tit, & a matter fill in diſpute ; as for thoſe rhat derive it
from Attrech, which they would have to fignifie a land of bread in the old Gauliſh Tongue, I am af#aid they are miſt a-
ken. Lit it be ſufficient for me, that 1 have ſhewn from whence they came into Britaine : as for the Etymology of their
name, I leave it to the ſearch of others.
a th I I" —_— A it a. *
— _ _ — — _— — — ——
ſvire was term'd by the Latin writers
Bercheria, and anciently by the Eng-
liſh-Saxons Bennocrcype fx), Which
name ' Aſſerius Menevenſis derives
from Berroc a certain Wood where
Box grew in great abundance; others from an Oak
disbark'd,(ſo the word Beroke ſignifies) to which, when
the State was in more than ordinary danger, the in-
habitants were wont in ancient times to reſort, - and
conſult about publick matters. The north-fide of
this County is waſh'd by the winding, but pleaſant
and gentle ſtreams of the Ifis or Ouſe, which a little
after gets the name of Thami/is, the Thames, and firſt
ſeparates it from Oxfordſhire, and afterwards from
Buckinghamſhire. The fouth-fide, where it looks
towards Hamjhire, is water'd by the river Kenet, till
it runs into the Thames. Weſtward, where it touch-
es upon Wiltſhire, and is broadeſt, as likewiſe in its
middle parts, it is rich in ir felf, and fall of commo-
dities, yieiding abundance of Corn, eſpecially where
ie ſinks into a Valley, which they call the Vale of
IWhite Hirſe, from TI know not what ſhape of a White
Horſe, fancy'd on the ſide of a whitiſh chalky hill [ b].
But the eaſt-fide, which borders vpon Surrey, 15
downright barren, or at leaſt bears very little, and
is very much taken up with woods and foreſts.
On the weſt.ſide, near the Ouſe, ſtands Farenden,
ſeated high 3 now noted for it's Market, but former.
ly for a certain Fortification built by Robert Earl of
uu. Gloceſter againſt K. Stephen, who nevertheleſs rook
It at the expence of much blood and labour, and laid
it fo level with the ground, that it is not now to be
ſeen. But ( as we find in the Chronicles of Waverley-
Abbey ) King John, in the year MCCIE mov'd by
drvine inſþiration, granted the place wherein it was ſeated,
with all ut's appurtenances, to the building of an Abbey for
the Ciſtercian Order.
From hence the Oufe, fetching a great compaſs,
and as it were with much ſtrugling making it's way
out towards the North, waters many villages of little
note ; till winding inwards again, and dividing K's
ſtream, it arrives at Abbendon, a handſome town and
well irequented, calld firſt by the Engliſh-Saxons
SheoverÞam, then Abban>une, no doubt from the
Abbey, rather than one Abbenws, I know not what
Iriſh Hermit, as fome have written. It was « place
( as we have it in the old book of Abbendon ) «pon
the plain of an bull, extreamly pleaſant to the eye, a lutle
beyond the willage which is now calld Suniggewelle,
between two wery fine rivulets, which encloſing within
them the plzce it ſelf (as it were a ſort of bay ) "yield a de- |
irate projet to the beholders, and a convenient ſubſiſtence '
SAAS HERA
HAT County which we call Bark- |
to the Inhabitants. It was in ancient times call'd Sheove-
ſham, 4 famous City, goodly to behold, full of riches, en-
compaſi'd about with very fruitful fields, wah green mea-
dows, ſpacious paſtures, and flocks of cattel abounding with
milk. Here the King kept bis Court, hither the people ve-
ſorted to conſult about the greate#t and mot weighty
aff airs of the kingdom | c). But afloon as Ciſſa, King
of the Weſt-Saxons, had baile the Abbey, it began
by degrees to lay aſide it's old name, and to be called
Abbandun, and Abbington, that is, the Abbey's Town,
This Abbey had not long flouriſh'd, ere it was thrown
down, in an inſtant as it were, by the violent fu
of the Danes. Yet it foon after recover'd it felf thro'
the liberality of King Edgar ; and afterwards, by the
induſtry of the Norman Abbots, grew to that mag-
nificence by oy, T's as to ſtand in competition «1
moſt with any Abbey in Britaine for riches and great-
nefs, as it's preſent ruines ftill declare. But the town
tho? it had it's dependance for a long time on the
in a window of S. Helen's Church there) and curned
much enriching it felt by ſteep'd barley fprouting
and chitting again, which the Greeks call Byne, and
manſhip in the middle of the M-rket-place, erected,
as 'tis reported, in the reign of K. Henry 6. by che
fraternity of St. Croff inftixuted by him.
As Ciffa was the founder of this Abbey, fo Cilla
( as I have it out of an old book ) King Cedwalla's
ſofter, built a Nunnery at Helneſtow near the Thames,
where ber {clf preſided over the Virgins, who were after-
wards tranſlated to Witham. In the heat of the war be-
tween Offa and Kinulph, the Nuns, upon the building of
a caſtle there, retired from thence. For after that Kinulph
was overthrown, whatſoever lay under his juriſdittion,
from the town of Wallingford im the ſouth part, from Iche-
far as the River Thames, King Off a ſeiz,d upon.
daughter of a certain Knight firnam'd de Lee, tell
riage, to Richard Feriplace ; whole progenitor Thomas
brought fome honour to his poſterity by matching
with Beatrix a natural daughter of John r. King of
Portugal *, from whom they are deſcended. But
now Jet us return, Haid by Abington, the lictle Rj-
ver Ock, which waſhes the fouth- fide of the town,
and over which Sir Fohn Sr. Helems Knight, formerly
n__—
— —
De A en nn oO —_—s
1 And widow to Gilbert Lord Talbot.
built
Abbey, yet ſince the year 1416. when K. Henry x. w,,.;..u
buile Bridges over the Ouſe ( as appears by a diftich qun
the high road hither for a ſhort cut ; it became fo amo,Rex
much trequented, as to be reckon'd amongſt the prin- 497777,9”
cipal towns of this County ; having a Mayor, and #14: a:que
we Maxz/r. It hath beſides, a Croff of excellent work- yaule,
mide-ftreete as far as * Efſebury, and m the north part as *NowAſh-
h Whitchor
Near unto it, north-weſt, hes Lee, which by the HL» "
the family of the Befiles, and thence came to be calld Files Lee.
Befiles-Eee 3 and from that family, in right of mar-
CEIEID: ee ESs end Eee, rave HANDY 7 GH CASSINI ns at on es ®
—_— — TO
—— >
ATTREBATII W
— — ———_—
built a bridge, gently falls into the Ouſe. Ir hath it's
' riſe in the vale of I#hite-borſe, ſcarce a mile or two
from King ſton-Liſle, anciently the poſſeſſion of Wa-
rin de Inſula or Liſle, a noble Baron. TFohn Talbot, a |
{on of that famous Wariiour John Earl of |
as a Which name being {till kept, and Ford, from a ſhal.
Shrewsbury, being by the mother's ſide delcended
from that Baron, was firſt created Baron Liſle * ( as
Warin de Inſula was before, in regard of his being
feſgd of this place, as it that honour were annext | F
ONLY CE 'In K. Edward the Con effors time it was counted a
' Borough, and containd in it ( as we find in Domeſ-
day book) 276 * houſes, yielding 9 pound T Tax ; and * Us
| thoſe that dwelt there did the King ſervice on horſeback, Tra
| or elſe by water. Of thoſe houſes eight were deſtroy'd for
the Caſtle. It was formerly wall
co it ) and afterwards Viſcount Lie *. This title
by the tavour of our Kings hath in a continued ſe-
ries {till fouriſh'd in his poſterity- For (to ſum up
all in ſhort ) when Thomas Talber (fon of that John)
dy'd iſſueleſs, being ſhot through the mouth with an
arrow, as in a skirmiſh he was deſending his eſtate
inſt P Barkley ; Edward Grey who had mar- |
agamir Zaron Darrey , niat%; afcd | it hath a caſtle ſeated upon the river, very large, and
|
ry'd his ſiſter, receiv'd the ſame honour from Kin
Richard 3. and had a ſon namd Joby, whole
only daughter and keir teing an intant, was con-
tracted to Charles Brandon by King Henry 8. and
thereupon he became Viſcount L'iſle': but the dying as it were, ſer all England on fire, we read that King
before the folemnization of the marriage , this Stephen ever now an4 then attempted it by ſiege,
his title dy'd with her. Afterwards the fame King | bur ſtill in vain. We much wonder'd at it's great-
[neſs and magniticence, when we were boys and re-
tir'd thither from Oxford, (for it is now a retiring
Hemy conferr'd this honour upon Arthur Plantagener,
a natural ſon of King Edward 4. who had marry'd
Elizabeth the ſiſter of Fobn Grey Vilcount Liſle, Ed-
mund Dudley's widow. And upon his dying without
iſue-male, Fohn Dudley fon of Edmund Dudley by
the ſame El:zaberbGrey, afterwards Duke of Northum-
terland +, was honour'd by the ſame King with this
ſtor'd in blood his fon Ambroſe ; and before ſhe cre-
ated him Earl of Warwick, the ſame day made him
Baron L'iſle * ; and Robert Sidney his ſiſter's ſon, a
perſon illuſtrious for his ſo noble deſcent, and his
own virtues, was honour'd with the title of Viſcount
L'iſle, 1605. by King James, who had before cre-
ated him Baron Sidney of Pensberſt, and likewiſe made
him 7 ord Chamberlain to his Royal Conſort Queen
4m | d ],
OA this river Ock juſt now mention'd, runs be-
tween Puſey (till in the poſſeflion of a Family of
that Sirname, and held by a Horn given to their an-
celtors by King Canutus the Dane[e]) and the two
Denchworths hard by, where two noble and ancient
Families have long flouriſl'd, Hide at South-Dench-
worth , and Fetiplace at ' North-Denchworth ; both
which may ſeem to have iprung from the ſame ſtock,
conlidering they give the ſame Coat of Arms. Afffeer
this, the Ock receives a nameleſs rivulet ; which flows
out of the ſame Vale about Wantage, call'd in Saxon
Wanazing, anciently a Royal Vill, and the birth-
place ot che tamous King Alfred, which at his death
he bequearh'd to Alfrich. It was made a market-trown
nor long afcer, by the intereſt of that valiant Soldier
Foulk Fitzwarin, upon whom Roger Bigod, Earl Mar.
jſhal of England, had beltow'd it, for his ſingular
courage and great conduG in War ; and ir now owns
tor it's Lords the Bourchiers Earls of Bath, deſcended
trom the race of the Firzwarins ; of which family
tome are bury'd here [ f ].
The Oule leaving Abington, preſently receives the
Tame out of Oxfordſhire (of which river elſewhere)
* and now by a compound word being call'd Tham!ſis
(the Thames,) firſt makes a vilit to Simodun an high
tall, detended with a deep ditch, where 'tis certain
in ancient times there was a Roman fortification ;
lor the ground being now broken up with the Plough,
Roman Coins (a certain ſign of antiquity) are now
and then found by the Ploughmen.
Beneath it, at Brettwell, there was a Caſtle (if ir
were not really upon this hill) which Henry 2. cook
by force, a little before his making peace with King
Scephen. From hence the Thames bends it's courſe
co the once chief City of the Artrrebatii, calld by
Antoninus Gaileva Attrebatum, by Ptolemy Galeva ;
but both of them chrough the careleſnebs of Copiers
' name it wrong, inſlead of Gal/cna; and theſe like. Gil
wile in the Greek Copies obtrude upon us Ndaxve, by
; a tranſpoſition of the Jetterss for Tarrirvz. For I have
it's being impregnable hath made ſome perions over-
| being double wall'd, and ſurrounded with © two
a _y high mount ; in the ſteep aſcent whereof,
\ whic
ticle. Eut he being attainted *, Queen Elizabeth rc- | ceeding depth. The Inhabicants believe it was buile
, by the Danes ; but 1 ſhouid rather judge, that ſome.
been of che opinion that it was ſo calld in the Britiſh
tongue, as it were Guall ben, that is, the Old Fort.
low place in the river, added to it, the Saxons in an-
cient times calld it * Guallengapop> and Wallenza-
op>, and we now-a-days by contration Wallingford.
07d,
ed abour, and, as
may be ſeen by the tract, was a * mile in compaſs;
ſo well fortity'd in former times, that the hupes of
reſolute. For when the flames of Civil Wai, had,
place for the Students of Chri/t-Churcb at Oxtord,) it
ditches. In the middle ſtands a tower, raisd upon
you climb by ſtairs, I ſaw a well of an ex-
thing was here erected by the Romans, and afterwards
demoliſhd by the Saxons and Danes, when Sueno
the Dane harraſs'd the Country up and down in theſe
parts. At length it recover'd it ſelf under William rx.
as plainly appears by Domeſday Book, where it
makes mention of eight {| Houſes being pull'd down || tz
tor the Caſtle, as I obſerv'd but now. Yet William
Gemeticenſis takes no notice of this Caſtle, when
he writes, that William the Norman, after Ha-
rold's defeat, immediately led his army to this
city (for fo he terms it, ) and paſting the Thames
at the ford, encamp'd here, before he march'd
to London. At which time Wigod an Engliſh- Low
man was Lord of Wallingford, who had one on- 4%
ly daughter given in marriage to Robert D'Ouly ,
by whom he had Maud his fole heir, married
firſt to Miles Criſpin, and after his death by the favour
of K. Henry 1. to Brient | Fitz-Count ; and he being +Fii G
bred a ſoldier, and taking part with Maud the Em-
preſs, ſtoutly defended the Caſtle againſt King Ste-
phen, (who had rais'd a Fort over againſt it at Crau-
meſh) till the peace, ſo much wilh'd tor by England
in general, was concluded in this place, and that ter-
rible quarrel between King Stephen and K. Henry 2.
was ended. And then the love of God did fo pre-
vail upon Brient and his wite, that quitting the tran-
ſicory vanities of this world, they wholly devoted
themſelves to Chriſt ; by which means this Honour
of Wallingford fell to the Crown. Which appears by
theſe words taken out of an old Inquiſition in the
Exchequer, To bu well b:loved Lords, our Lord the Of te"
King's Fuſtices and the Barons of the Exchequer, the Con- \....
ſtable of Wallingford, Greeting. Know ye that I have ford
made diligent Inquiſition by the Knights of my Bailywick, wn ods
in purſuance of my Lord the King's precept direfled to me que:
by the Sheriff ; and this w the ſumms of the inquiſition thus
od
| taken : Wigod of Wallingford held the honour of IWWal-
ling ford in K. Harold's time, and afterwards m the reign
of K. William 1. and had by bus Wife a certain Danghter,
whom be gave m marriage to Robert D'Oily. This Ro-
bert bad by ber a Daughter named Maud, which was his
beir. Miles Criſpin eſpous'd ber, and bad with her the
aforeſaid honour of Walling ford. After Miles's deceaſe,
our Lord K. Henry 1. beſtow'd the aforeſard Maud upen
Brient Fitz-Count, &c. Yet afterwards, in the reign
« See this opinion confuted in the Additions to Wiltſhire. » Wealingaford, Walingeford, and Walirg ford, by the Saxon Annals, acco:dirg to the
{everal ages. e The ditch of the rown ( ſays Leland Sep the creaft whereon the wall ftocd are yer manitcſtly perceiv'd, ar.d begin tic m the
Lejaud ſays it has 3 dikes, large and Cccp, and well water'd.
Caſtle, going in compaſs a good mile or more. 4
* By XK, Henry 6. 3 By a Fatent, without any ſuch regard. + In the::me of K, Eames 5. s Fy Cuem Mary, ©W ho inded bn
kite ff ae c/ FR
— -—
of
«i has left Wiltſhire, runs beneath Hungerferd, calld in
ivy, Not far from hence towards the South lies Widebay,
of Henry 3. it belong'd to che Earls of Cheſter, and
then to Richard King of the Romans and Earl-of
Cornwall, who repaired it ; and to his fon Edmend,
who founded a Collegiate Cha
Court : but he dying ifſuekſs, it fell again to'the
Crown, and was annexed to the Dukedeim of Corn-
wall, ſince when it hath fallen much ta decay. More | Haufhold
8s and mor-
turn and
all Eu-
eſpecially about the time when that plagy
eality which follow'd the conjunRion of
Mars in Capricorn, reign'd fo hotly th
rope in the year of our
lingford by that great mortalicy was fo exhauſted, chac
whereas before it was very well inhabiced, and had | New
12 Churches init, now it can ſhew but one or two. | ruines 0
| New Barongh, that is, ip ragard
jo == -
lands. And if pothing elſe, yer this certainly mighc
|
But the jnhabitants rather lay the cauſe of this their
cown's decay upon the bridges built at Abingdon and
Dorcheſter, * by which means the High-road 1 turn'd
from thence Ge) [
From hence Southward the Thames gently glides
berween very fruitful fields on both fides of it, by
Meulesford, which K. Henry 1. gave to Gaald £z-
Walter, from whom the noble Family of the Carews
are deſcended. A family that hath receiv'd the ad-
dition of much honour by it's matches with the
noble families of Mobur, and Dinbam, and' others
in treland, as well as England. Noe far from hence is
Aldworth, where there are certain tombs, and ſtatues
upon them larger than ordinary, mugh wonder'd at
by the common people, as if chey were the pour-
traictures of Giants ; when indeed they are anly
thoſe of certain Knights af the family of De is Beche,
which had a Caſtle here, and is fuppasd to have
been extin& for want of male-ifſue in the reign of
Edward 3. And now at length the Themes meets
with the Kenet, which, as Laid before, watering the |
fouth-ſide of this County, at it's firſt 'entry, after ic
ancient times Ingleford Charnaw-ſtreer,' a mean tawn,
ſcated in a moiſt place, which yet gives bath
name and title to the honaurable family of the Barons
of Hungerford, firſt advanc'd to it's greatneb. by / #at-
ter Hungerford, who was Steward of ' the King's Houl-
hold under Ki
by that —rtewirs, aan (mn confideratian of his emi-
nent ſervices in the wars) the Caſtle and Barony of
Homet in Normandy, to bold to bins and bis heirs mates
by homage and ſervice to find the King and his beirs at the
Caſtle of Roan one Lance with a Fox's tail hanging to it :
which pleaſant tenure I choughte not amuts to in-
ſert here among ſerious matters. The ſame Walter
in the reign of Henry 6. was Lord High Treafurer
of England, and created Baron Huvgerford ; and what
by his prudent management, and his matching with
Catherine Peverell ( deicended from the Moels and the
Courteneys) much augmented his eſtate. His fon Re-
bert, who marry'd the daughter and heir of the
Lord Botereaux, enrich'd the tamily more ; and then
Robert his ſon, who had to Wife Eleanor, the daugh-
ter and heir of William Molines ( upon which ac-
count he was honour'd among the Barans of the
Kingdom, by the name of Lord Molmes, and du.
ring the Civil Wars between the Houſes of York and
Lancaſter was beheaded at New-caſtle) made great
additions to it. Thomas his fon, flain at Salisbury in
his father's life-rime, left Mary an only daughter, mar-
ried to Edward Lord Haſtings, with whom he had
a great eſtate. But Walter, brother to the ſaid 7ho-
mas, begat Edward erford, father of that Walter
whom Henry 8. created Baron Hungerford of Heytesbu-
77, and condemned afterwards Sr a very heinous
crime : nevertheleſs Queen reftor'd his chul-
dren to every thing but the dignity of Barons [h}.
long the feat of the Barons of St. Amand, whoſe
eſtate by marriage came to Gerard Braybrok ; and
Elizabeth his eldeſt grand. daughter by his fon Gerard
transferr'd the eſtate by marriage to William Bea |
«bang <bamp, who being ſummon'd to Parliament by the
pel within the inner |
rd 1343. Then thisWa!- | tajni
þ 4
very
5. and had conferr'd upon | ry
from thoſe of the.ſame
| r_Keng taking it's courſe be-
d Alarſhall, cy Hof »
(ca
[
| ind be! hs | ha
Ld repnkess
een CAO t a very line leat ;
and Benhan i calld, from ies bioting to
iembroke 7 ; comes to. Spine, Spine.
naw a-poor kids village,
whury, 2; D06e wing that Fad i Ow of
f it... For Newbsr7: With us is as much as the Newbury,
at is, in rogard to Spine the more an- |
RPlace, which is quite decay! 0b Ef; the
it 16%, till gall'd. Sprubory-
rays that Newby fercht X's original from Spine ;
for that the ants o Newkey own the liele
\ lags Steve -for their mather, tho' Newbury ( com-
parid with Spene ) js for it's buildings and neatnebs a
ry conſiderable town, and much eprigh'd by cloa-
thing, well ſeated upon a' plain, and has the river
Kenet running through it. In the Norman Conqueſt
this town ll to 'Erm/ah de Heſdbh: Bart of Perch, Lib. Inqui-
whoſe grept ndfvo Themat Eact of Perch being i=”
ſlain at the fiege'6f Lincoln, the Biſhop of Chalure,
his hei,fold it to 1#i/ligm Marfpal Earl of Pembroke,
wav ukewike held the mannour of Hempfted hard by
oken of before.) as did his ſucceſſors Marſhals of
England, till Roger Bzgod for his obſtinacy laſt his
honour of Farl Marſhal and poſſeflions too, which
gatwithſtanding by much Þ interceflion he obaaind + precaris.
ky yeh ER
The Kezet continues on his courſe from hence,
and regeives by the way the little diver Lamhorn, Limborn.
which at it's ro imparts the name to a ſmall mar-
ket-town, that in ancignt times belong'd to 4{frich
K. Aifreds Couſin, having been left him, by che faid
King in his Will ; and wards was the Firzwa-
ris's, who qbtain'd the privilege of a marker of Hen-
3- But now it belongs to the Knightly family of
E{ex,which derives it's ped ce from illians de Eſſex
nder-Trealurer of En in Edw. 4.'s time; and
name in Eſſex, that liv'd in
great repute and /honqur there. From thence this lic-
tle river rups bengath * Dennington, call'd alſo Dunning- Dunning.
ton, alittle buc very neac caſtle, feared on the hrow of ls
a woody. hill, having a fine proſpeR, and windows on
all ſides very lightfome. They fay ic was built by
Sir Richard' de Abber he, founder alſo of
God's Hewſe beneath. it, for the relief of the poor. Af-
terwards it was the reſidence of * Chaucer, then of the
De la Poles ; and within the memory of our fachers,
of Charles Brendon Duke of Suffolk.
And now the Kenet having run a long way, paſſes
at laſt by on, which Henry 1. gave to Robert Alderme-
Achard, from whoſe poſtericy by the De 1s Mares it ***
came at length by right of marriage to the Fe-
fters, a Knightly family. Ac laſt it runs into the
Thames, having firſt with it's windings encompaſs'd
a great part of Reading. This little city or town of
Reading, call'd in Saxon.* RÞeadyze (of Rhea, that is, Reading,
the River; or of the Britiſh word Redin, ſignifying
Fern, which grew in great plenty hereabouts,) for the
neatneſs of it's ſtreets, the fineneſs of it's buildings, for
it's riches, and the tation it hath gorten for
making of cloath, greobeyond all the ocher crowns of
this county ; tho' it hath loſt it's greateſt ornaments,
the beautiful. Church, and very ancient Caſtle { k }.
For this ( as Aſferius tells us ) the Danes kept pol-
ſeffion of, when they drew a ditch between che
Kenet and the Thames; and hither they retreated af-
ter King Echelwolph had routed them at Inglefield, a tngicked.
lietle village in che neighbourhood which gives name
to a noble and ancient family. But ic was fo de-
moliſh'd by K. Henry 2. (becauſe it was a place of
\n4 name of I/illiam Beauchamp of St. Amand, was a Ba-
refuge for King Stephen's party) thar nothing now
—____ mdm_—
* Juſt fo wil chicf rown of #7/:ſbire, n t6 decay, whes the road was turn'd thi
> NON OCs ER EY of Commons, 51 Edw. 3. w
w
7 He was fon of rhat Sir Thom.zs Hung
Houſe had a Speaker. #£ ms Rags
il Wars it was a garriſon for the K
Salisbury, and the bridge was built there-
ich was the firſt Parliament wherein that
+ It was the houſe of Jeoffery Chaucer, and there under an Oak
(commonly cave Chaucer's Oat) he is {aid to have penn'd many of bis famous Poems. The Oak till within theſe tew years was
1 Prez Oween Elizabeth gave it to John Baptiſta Caftilion 8 Piemontes of her Privy Chamber for faithful ſervice in her dangers, + Sir Thomas.
remarns
—
—_—
"ITDTRE
B A TaT-4. ts
Herry 2.
De nug 1s
Curial, |. 6.
C. 18,
| | Rich. 1.
the Biſhops, founded a new Mona
remains of it, but the bare name in the next ſtreer.
Near to this K. Hen. 1. having pull'd down a little
Nunnery ( founded in former times by Queen Alfi-
. tha, to expiate for ſome crimes) built a mo magnifi-
tent Abbey for Monks, and enrich'd it with great
Revenues. © Which Prince, to uſe the very words
of his Charter of Foundation, Becauſe three Abveys
in the kingdom of England were ag for their ſins de-
ffiroy'd, that , Reading, Chelſea, and Leonminſtre,
which were long in Lay-mens hands ; by the advice of.
ery at Reading, and
endow/d it with Reading, Chelſea, and Leonnnnſtre.
In this Abbey was interrd the Founder himſelf King
Henry ?, together with his daughter Maud, as appears
by the private hiſtory of the place ; tho' ſome report
that ſhe was bury'd at Beec in Normandy. * Who, as
well as that Lacedzmonian Lady Lampido mention'd
by Pliny, was a King's Daughter, a King's Wie, and
a King's Mother : that is, Daughter of this Henry 1.
King of England, Wife of Henry 4. Emperor of
Germany, and Mother to Henry 2. King of England.
Concerning which, take here a Diſtich inſcrib'd up-
on her tomb, in my judgment ingenious enough.
Magna ortu, majorq; wird, ſed maxima parts,
Hic jacet Hemrici filia, ſponſa, parens.
Great born, match'd greater, greateſt brought to bed,
Here Henry's Daughter, Wife, and Mother's laid,
And ſhe might well be counted greare and meſt
happy in her itſue. For Henry -2- her ſon (as Joan-
nes Sarisburienſis, who liv'd in thoſe times, hath ob-
ſerv'd ) was the beſt King of Britain, the moſt fortunate
Duke of Normandy and Aquitain ; and as well for the
greatneſs of his aftions, as his excellent virtues, above all
others. How waliant, how magnificent, bow wiſe and
modeFt he was, as 1 may ſay from bis wery infancy, ewvy
it ſelf can neither conceal nor diſſemble, ſince his attions
are ſtill freſh in our memory, and conſpicuoms ; ſince be
bath extended the manuments of his power from the bound;
of Britain to the Marches of Spain. And in another
place concerning the ſame Prince, Henry 2. the
mightieſt King that ever was of Rritam, thunder d it about
concerning this place, take theſe verſes of the Poet
deſcribing the Thames running by it.
Hine widet exiguum Chawſey, Property; Videre
Redingum nmridum, texend:s nobile pannis.
Hoc docet F\fredi noſtri wittricia /igna,
i cadem, calcata cadawvera Dani :
Urque ſuperfuſo maduerunt ſang ute campi.
Prencipis hic Zephyro Cauroque parentibus orts
Cornipedes crebris implent binnitibus auras,
Er gyros ducunt, greſſus glomerantque ſuperb:s
Dum cupiunt noſtr; Martis ſervire lupatis.
Haeccine ſed pietas? beu dira piacula, primum
Neuſtrius Henricus ſitus hic, inglorius urna
Nunc jacet ejetfus, tumulum novus advena querit
Fruttra ; nam reg tenues invidit arenas
Anri ſacra fames, Regum metuenda ſepulchris.
Thence little Chawſey ſees and haſtens on
To Reading, fam'd tor cloth, an handlome town.
Here #lfred's troops their happy valour ſhow'd, 4
On ſlaughter'd Beg/ceg and his Pagans trod,
And drown'd the meadows in a purple flood. \
Here too in ſtate the royal courlers ſtand,
Proud to be govern:d by our Mars's hand.
Full ſtrerch'd for race they take their eager round,
And neighing fill the air, and crampling ſhake the
ground.
But where, poor baniſh'd Virtue, art thou gone ?
Here Henry lies without a ſingle ſtone,
Equall'd, alas, with common dead too ſoon.
So fatal avarice to Kings appears,
Ic ſpares their crowns more than their ſepulchres.
Scarce half a mile from Reading, amongſt fine green
Meadows, the Kener joyns the Thames ; which by
the conflux being much enlarg'd, ſpreads it ſelf to-
wards the north, running by Suming a little village, gn,
that one would wonder ſhould ever have bcen the See
of eight Biſhops, who had this County and Wiltſhire
for their Dioceſe; yet our Hiſtories report as much.
The ſame was afterwards tranſlated by Herman to
Sberburn, and at laſt to Salisbury, to which biſhoprick
Garumna, nd befieging Tholouſe with ſuccef, did not | this place ſtill belongs * Not far off ſtands Lawrence
enly ſtrike terror into the inbabitants of Provence as far
as the Rhoſme and Alpes, but alſo by demoliſhing their
ſtrong holds, and ſubduing the people, made the Princes of
France and Spain to tremble, as if he threatned an uni-
verſal conqueſt. I will add farther, if you pleaſe, a word
or two relating to the ſame Prince, out of Giraldus
Cambrenſis : From the Pyrenaan Mountains wnto the
weſtern bounds and fartheit limits of the northern Ocean,
this our Alexander of the Weft bath ſtretched forth his
arm. As far therefore as nature in theſe —_ bath enlar-
ged the Land, ſo far hath he extended bis wvittories. If
the bounds of his Expeditions were ſought for, ſooner wou'd
the globe of the earth fail, than they end ; for where there
is valour and reſolution, lands may poſſibly be wantmg, bus
vittories can never fail ; matter for triumphs may be want-
ing, tut triumphs themſelves never. How great an addi-
tion ts his plories, titles, and triumphs was treland ?
With how preat and ſl upendews a courage did be pierce
thro* the wery ſecret and occult pllces of the Ocean ? But
take here an o!d verie upon his death, which fully
expreſles in thort both all this, and alſo the glories
of his ſon King Richard x.
Mira cano, ſol occubuit, nox nulla ſecuta eFF.
Strange ! the ſun ſer, and yet no night enſu'd.
For Richard was ſo far from bringing night upon
this our Nation, that by his Victories in Cyprus and
Syria he enlighten'd it with brighter beams of glory.
Bur this by way of digreflion. Let us now return
from perſons to places. This Monaſtery wherein
King Hen. 71. lies interr'd, is now converted into a
Royal Seat; adjoyning to which ſtands a very tine
ſtable, ſtor'd with noble horſes of the King's. But
| (as I ſhall ſhew in ics proper place ) when theſe parts
Waltham, where the foundations of an old fort are to
be ſeen, and Roman coins are' often digg'd up ?.
Thence the Thames paſſes by Bi/#lcham, contracted
now into Biſham, at firſt a Lordſhip of the Knights ge
Templers, then of the Montacutes '*, who built a lit-
tle Monaſtery here ; afterwards of that noble Knight
Sir Edw. Hobey, a perſon to whom I owe a particu- $i
lar reſpet, and whoſe more than ordinary obligati-
ons are ſo much the ſubje& of my thoughts, that I
can never pollibly forget them.
The Thames now. bidding adieu to Biſham, fetch-
es a compals to a little town call'd in former ages
Southealington '', now Maidenhead, * from I know not wits
what Britdh Maiden's head, one of thoſe eleven thou: =
ſand Virgins, who, as they returned home trom Rome .;;
with Urſula their Leader, fſuffer'd Martyrdom near
Cologne 1n Germany, from that ſcourge of God, 4t-
tila, Neither is this town of any great antiquity ;
tor no longer ago than our great grandfarhers time,
there was a ferry, in a place ſomewhat higher, at
Babhams end. But after wa had built here a wood-
en bridge upon piles, it began to have inns, and to
be fo frequented, as to outvie its neighbouring mo-
ther Bray, a much more ancient place, as having gi-
ven name to the whole Hundred. I have long been
of the opinion, that the Bibroci, who ſubmitted gin
themſelves to Czſar's proteQion, held theſe parts;
and why ſhou'd I not think fo,? There are very clear
and plain remains of the name ; Bibrade likewile in
France, 15 now contracted into Bray, and not far
from hence Czſar croſsd the Thames with his army
ſubmicced themſelves ro him. Certainly, ſhou'd one
# This with the Stables was probably demoliſh'd in the late Civil Wars, for now there is nothing to be ſeen of them ; that which remains being
2 very indiffercact houſe.
7 With his wife both veil'd and crown'd, for that ſbe had been a Quetn and
9 And next to it Billiagsbere, the inhabitation of Sir Henry Nevil ;ſued from the Lords Abergevenny.
firit Earl of Salishury of this family frunded a Priory, wherein ſome Jay
buried there ; and in the Fn of his tomb it was ſpecified, that her Father was deſcended out
Conſtantinople, ;he King
Hungary, and Duke of Bavaria, and brought inio England by Eamund Earl of Lancaſter.
ITE —_—____
A
\
8 Hereby falleth Ladden, # ſmall water, into the
ords 10 And amongft them th?
was buried. Certes his wife, the daughter of the Lord Grandiſon, war
Burgundy, Coufin-german to the Emperor of
iu Afterward; Maidenbirb-
«ſed Nun.
ſeek
Ji
x5: Here 8. Edw, 3. for the encouraging military virtue,
— —— *"—
CO OO OS EEE ooo
PARK ES MIR ©
> SL oe W—_— ——<4 --
ſeek for the Bibroc; elſewhere, he wou'd, I believe,
hardly hind them.
Among theſe Bibroc: ſtands Windeſore, in Saxon
( perhaps from the winding ſhore) WyndslerÞopa, for
{» it is term'd in K. Edw. the Confeſſor's Charter,
who in theſe very words made a Grant of it to Welſt-
minſter. To the praiſe of Almighty God, I have franted
as an endowment and perpetual mheritance, to the uſe of
thoſe that ſerve the Lord, Windlethore, with its uppur-
tenances. And I have read nothing more ancient con-
cerning Windſor. But the Monks had nor long held
it in poſſeflion, when William the Norman, by ex-
change, brought it back to. tne crown, For thus his
Charter runs: With the conſent and favour of the wene-
rable Abbot of Weitminiter, I have enter'd mto- a compoſi
tion about Windſor s being in the poſſeſſion of the Crown, be-
cauſe that place ſeems commodions by the nearneſi of the
rivcr, the foreſt fit for hunting, and many other particulars
therein convenient for Kings; bring likewiſe a place fit
for the King's entertainment : im lie whereof | 1 have
granted them Wokendune and Ferings. Searce any
Royal Seat can certainly have a more pleafanc ſitua-
tion, For from an high hill riſing with a gentle
aſcent, it hath an admirable proſpe& round abour,
Its front overlooks a long and wide valley, chequer'd
with corn-fields and green meadows, clothed on each
ſide with groves, and water d with the calm and gen-
tle Thames. Behind it arife hills every where, nei-
ther craggy, nor over-high, adorn'd with woods,
and, as it were, conſecrated by nature it ſelf to Hunt-
1p. The pleafantneſs of it hath drawn many.of our |
Princes hither, as to a retiring place ; and here was
K. Edw. 3. (that potent Prince ) born to conquer
France : who built new from the ground a Caſtle,
in bigneſs equal to a little City, ſtrengchen'd with |
ditcizzs, and towers of ſquare-ftone ; and having pre-
ſtigations
ſently after ſubdu'd che French and the Scots, kept
at the ſame time John King of France, and David
King of Scots, Priſoners here. This Caſtle is divi-
d:d into two Courts. "The inner, which looks to-
wards the Eaſt, contains in it the King's palace; than |
which, if you conſider the contrivance of the build- |
ings, nothing can be more ſtately and magniticent. |
On tlie north-ſid2, where it looks down to the river, ,
Queen Elizabeth added a moſt pleaſant Terrace- |
Wa'k. The outer Court hath at its entrance a ſtare- |
ly Chapel, conſecrated by K. Edw. 3. to the bleſled |
Virgin Mary , and St. George of ug gry but
brought to 1t's preſent magniticence by K. Edw. 4. **.
and the adorning it with honours, rewards, and glo-
ry,initicuted the molt noble ſociery of Knights, which |
( as ſowe report) fio1 his own Garter given tor the |
Iizxd in a battel that provd ſucceſsful, he ſtiled |
fs Knights of the Gartcr. They wear on their Jeſt leg, a
i. Jittle below the knee, a blue Garter, carrying this |
Motto embroider d in letters of gold, and in French,
HONT SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE, and faſten the
lame wich a buckle of gold, as a token of Concord and
atye of the ſtrictelt Amity, to the end there might be
amongit chem a certain Conſeciation and community of
V irtves. Others attribute it to the Garter of the Queen,
or rather of Joan Counteſs of Salisbury (a Lady of
incomparable beauty) that fell from her as ſhe was a
dancing, and the King took up from the floor ; at
which the Nobles that ſtood about him fell a laugh-
ing: whereupon the King told them, That the time
!rould ſhortly come when the greateſt honour ima-
2inable ſhould be paid to that Garter. This is the com-
mon report ; neither need it ſeem to be a mean origi-
nal, conſidering that, as one ſaith, Nobilitas ſub amore
jacet, i.e, Nobiliry lies under love. There are ſome
00, that make the invention of this order much an-
|
Cientcr; fathering ic upon K. Rich, r. and perſuading |
themſelves that &. Edward only reviv'd it: but how ,
truly, I know not. Yet in the very book of the firſt | that ſeldom makes any diſtin&ion of caſes, bears
Inſticution, which #:i6iam Dethick Garter Principal
King at Arms (a Gentleman very ſtudious in every
thing relating to Honowr and the Nobility ) gave me a
light of, we read thus: Jhber K. Richard led his Army
"39, e2ainft the Turks and * Saracens, Cyprus and Acon,
|
and 1as "weary of ſuch lingring delay, while rhe frege was
carried on with a wonderful deal of trouble; at length,
upon a droine inſpiration, (by the apparition, as it was -
thought, of St. George ) uf (came into bs mind, to draw
upon the legs of certain choſen Knights of bu, a certain
, ſuch as he bad then ready at hand, where--
by being minded of that future glory was then promiſed
tach of lear
them if they conquer'd, it might be an incitement to puſh
them on to the bebaving themſelves with courage and reſo-
lutiow ; in imitation of the Romans, that bad ſuch wariety
of crowns, with which, upon ſeveral accounts, they pre-
ented and bonour' d their ſoldiers, that, as it were, by im-
this kind, cowardiſe might be ſhaken off, and
bravery might ariſe and [tart ont with more Vi-
wvalour
gour and reſolution.
However, the mightieſt. Princes of Chriſtendom
have reputed it a very great honour to be choſen,;
and ſince it's firſt inſticution, there have been already
admitted into this Order ( which conſiſts of 26
Knights) 22 Kings, or thereabouts, beſides onr
Kings of England, who are term'd Sovereigns thereof; Sovereigns.
not to mention a great many Dukes other per-
ſons of the greateſt quality. And here, I think it Founders
will not” be amiſs, to fer down the names of thoſe 5 **< 0*-
who were firſt admitted into this Order, and are
commonly call'd the Founders of the Order ; for their
lory can never be obliterated, who in thoſe days
or military valour and bravery had very few Equals,
and were upon that account advanced to this honour.
Edward 3. King of England.
Edward his eldeit ſon, Prince of Wales.
Henry Duke of Lancaſter.
Thomas Earl of Warwick.
Capdall de Buche.
Ralph Earl of Stafford.
Willam Mont acute Earl of Salisbury.
Roger Mortimer Earl of March.
Zobn L'i/le.
Bartholomew Burgwaſh.
Fobn maar Sol ogy N
'Fobn de Mobun.
Hugh Courtney.
Thomas Holland.
Tobn Grey.
Richard Fitz-Simon.
Miles Stapleton.
Thomas Walle.
Hugh Wrotheſley.
Niet Loring.
Tahn Chandos.
Fames de Awdeley.
Orhbo Holland.
Henry Eme.
Zanchet Dabridgecourt.
'2 William Paynel.
On the left ſide of the Chapel, are the houſes of the
Warden or Dean, and the 12 Prebendaries. On the
rizhe-ſide is a building, much of the nature of the Gre-
cian Prytoneum, in which 12 aged ſoldiers, Gentlemen
born, are maintained. Theſe wear conſ{tzntly a ſcar-
let gown, reaching down to their ankles, with a pur-
le mantle over it; and are bound to be at Divine
rvice, and to offer up their-prayers dayly to God
Almighty for the Knights of the Order. Betwixec
the rwo Courts there riſes up an high mount, on
which the Round Tower ſtands ; and bard by it ſtands
another lofty Tower, called Winche/ter-Tower, from
William of Wickham Biſhop of Wincheſter, whom
K. Edw. 3. made overſeer of the work. Some report
that Wickham, after he had built the Tower, cut theſe
words, (which are not to be expreſs d with the ſame
turn in Latin) in a certain inner wall, This made wicktam's
Wickham. Which ſentence, in the Engliſh tongue, Apotiegr:
ſuch a doubtful conſtruction, that it makes it uncer-
tain, whether he made the Caſtle, or the Caſtle made
him. This was carried to the King by ſome private
Backbirers, and repreſented ſo to his prejudice, as if
Wickham did arrogantly challenge to himſelf all the
iz And Sir Reginald Bray.
13 Holland inſlead of William PE puts Sir Walter Pavely.
honour
o - o ” o- - _ _— + nu rs A. - _— ro —_——
092 0 MOOS 0 9 ny 99 Pg AP WIE RE CER EPR. RP REEPETag— 4 *' »
4
— — ———— — —-
*
TTREBATII.
+ Hagz.
honour of the building. Which when chat King
cook ill, and ſharply chid him for ic ; he made this
anſwer, that he had not arrogated to himſelf the ho-
nour of ſo magnificent royal a Palace, but ac-
counted this piece of work as the cauſe of all his
rments. Neither have I ( continued he ) made
this Caſtle, but this Caſtle bath made me, and from a
mean condition advanc'd me to the King's favor, riches,
and honours, Under the caſtle towaids the Welt and
South, lies the town, indifferencly large and populous :
ſince K. Edward 3.'s time it hath grown into reputa-
tion ; and the other which ſtands further off, now
call'd Old n4/or, hath by little and little fallen to
decay : in which ( in the reign of William 1, as we
read in his book ) there were an hundred | bouſes, where-
* de Gablo, of 22 were exempt from tax * ; out of the reſt there went
Eaton.
T Thamilis.
o ſbitlings. Here is nothing elſe worth mentioning,
|: Eaton, which lies over againſt Windſor on the
other fide of the Thames, and is joyn'd to it by a
wooden bridge: it hath a fine College, and a noted
School tor "abs Frag li, founded by K. Hen-
ry 6. wherein, befides the Provoſt, 8 Fellows, and
the Choire, 60 Scholars are maintain'd gratiz,taught
Grammar, and in due time are preferrd tothe Uni-
venlity of Carabridge. Buthis is reckon'd co he in
Buckinghamſhire. There remains nothing mote to
ſay of Wind/or, but that there is an honourable family
- of Barons, ſirnam'd de Windſor, who fetch their orn-
ginal from Wolter ſon of Ocher, Caſtellane of Windior
in the reign of K. William 1. from whom likewiſe
Robert Glover Somerſet-Herald (a perſon very indu-
ſtrious and skilful in the art of Heraldry ) hath prov'd
that the Fitzgeralds in Ireland, Earls of Kildare and
Deſmond, are deſcended. And now ler it not be
thought troubleſom to run over theſe verſes upon
Winder, taken out of the marriage of Tame and ſir,
written ſorue years fince; in which Father Thames
endeavours to celebrate the dignity of the place,
and the Maje!ty of Queen Elizaberh then keeping
her Court there.
Fam Windeſore ſurgunt in culmina ripe
Turriger&, celſo lambentes wertzce celum,
Quas ubi conſpexit dotte | gratatus Etone,
Que fuit Orbilzzs nimum ſubjecta plagoſis ;
Ceruleum caput ille levans, ita farier mfi.
Aerias moles, gradibus ſurgentia templa,
Ferratos poſtes, pinnas, wivaria, vere
Perpetuo letos campos, Zephyroque colono
Florentes hortos, regum cunabnla, regum
Auratos thalamos, regum praclara ſepulchra,
Et quacunque refers ; nunc, Wwndeſora, referre
Deſme, Cappadocis quanquam ſis clara Georgi
Muitia, procernmque cobors chlamydata mitents
Cinta periſcelidi juras, te lumine tanto
Iluſtret, rants radiis perſtringit & orbem ;
Ut jam Phryxeum ſpernat Burg undia vellus ,
Contemnat cochleis wariatos Gallia torques,
Et cruce conſpicuas Pallas, Rhodos, Alcala & Elba:
Soldque militie fit [plendida gloria weſtre,
Defme mirari, letari define tandem.
Onmia concedunt an, ſuperatur in uno
Quicquid babes, tibi major bonos, tibi gloria major,
Þ 74. quod noftre ripe fiet mcota obs
Eliz.abetha. ( Sinnilque ſuo quaſi poplite flexo
Tamiſis en! placide ſubſidet, d inde profatur )
Elizabetha ſuxs Diva & Dea fola Britamns,
Cajus inexhauſtas laudes fi carmme noſtro
Compledi Cuperem, Melibocco promptins A Ipes
Imponam, numere&tn que meas numeroſus arenas.
S: quaſdam tacuifſe velim, quamcunque tacebo ,
Major erit ; primos attus, werert/que labores
Proſequar ? ad feſe revocant prejentia mentem.
TFuſtitiam dicam ? magu at chementia ſplendet.
Vittrices referam <nves ? plas wicit imermis.
ued piet as d non timers Anglia Martem,
pony/a 4p lex © enrgBRR. 5 omni,
Qudd wicing truct non ſeruit Scotia Gallo ,
Exuit atque ſwos ſylveſtris Hibernia mores,
Crimiger Ultonizs quod jam miteſcere diſctt ,
Law fibi ſola cadit, mil non debetur & ili;
Crimina que pellunt, tanta que principe digne
Ormes templa ſacro poſuerunt pethore Dive ;
1
Religio ſuperos ſantie meonet eſſe colendes,
uſt tia utilibus ſemper praponere juſtum
Edocet ; ut praceps nil ſit, prudentia ſuad:t ;
Temperies ut caſta welt, cupiatque pudica
Inſt ruit ; immotam mentem conſt antia firmat.
Hinc EADEM SEMPER, refe fab: windicat ills Qs
——_
MN
Proferat nndoſo quis tant as carmine laudes ?
Sola tenet laudum quicquid numerabits onnes.
Sit felix, wakat, wivat, laudetur, ametwr ;
Dum mibi ſunt fiultus, dum curſus, dum mili ripe,
Angligenum felix Princeps moderetur habenas,
Finiat una dies mihi curſus, & fibi vitam.
Now on the bank fam'd Windfor's towers appear,
Mount their high tops, and pierce the utmolt air.
Art this ( bat firſt does Eaton's walls ſalute,
Where {tern Orbi/izs governs abſolute,
And in proud ſtate his birchen ſcepter ſhakes )
Thames lifts it's azure head, and thus he ſpeaks :
Windſer, no more thy ancient glories tell,
No more relate the wonders of thy hill ;
Thy Forts, thy Fenns, thy Chapel's ſtately pile :
Thy Spires, thy ſmiling Fields, thy happy Springs ;
Thy Cradles, Marriage-beds, or Tombs of Kings,”
Forget the Knights thy noble ftalls adorn,
The Garter too by them in honour worn:
Tho! that great Order found the firſt in tame,
And ſwells ſo high with mighty George's name,
That Bxrgwmndy contemns her golden. Fleece,
And the light French their ſcallop'd chains deſpiſe,
Rhodes, Alcala and Elbe with ſhame diſown
The painted Croſſes on their mantles ſhown.
Thel: glories now are all eclips'd by one,
One honour vies with all thy old renown.
When on thy courts, and on my bank we ſte
Elizabeth (then Thames with bended knee
Scoops low to pay obeyſance to her name ;
And thus goes on, pleas'd with his mighty cheme.)
Elizabeth, whom we with wonder ſtile
The Queen, the Saint, the Goddeſs of our Ile :
Whale praiſe ſhould I endeavour to rehearſe
Within the narrow bounds of feeble verſe ;
As ſoon huge Arbos might on 4:les ſtand |
Raisd by my ſtrength ; as ſoon my weary hand
Might count the endleſs globules of my ſand.
If any grace on purpoſe Id conceal,
What I pals by will prove the greateſt ſtill.
If her paſt deeds inſpire my joyful tongue,
Her preſent actions ſtop th' imperfect ſong.
Should her ftri& juſtice fill my riſing thought,
Her mercy comes between and drives it our.
Or was my fſubje& her triumphant Arms,
Alas! more trophies grace her conqu'ring charms.
That virtues flouriſh, and the peaceful gown ;
That all to laws are ſubje&, laws to none :
That Scotland hath refus'd the Gallick yoak,
And Ireland all her favage arts forſook :
That Ulfer's ſons at laſt reform'd appear ;
To her they owe, the fame belongs to her.
Virtues, that ſingle make us thro'ly bleſt,
United, all adorn her princely breaſt.
To heaven her Godlike mind Religion bears,
Juſtice to profit honeſty preferrs.
Deliberate prudence cautious thoughts inſpires,
And temp'rance guides her innocent deſires.
Her ſettled conſtancy's unſhaken frame
Deſerves the noble motto, STILL THE SAME.
But ah! my numbers all are ſpent in vain,
And graſp at that they never can contain.
Should ſome wild fancy all th' encomiums joyn
That worth could e're deſerve, or poet feign, F
The panegyrick would be ſtill too mean.
O may her years increaſe with her renown,
May conſtant joys attend her peaceful Crown,
While I my ſtreams or banks can call my own : :
And when ſhe dies (if Goddeſſes can die)
May I ſtraight fail, and be for ever dry !
The reft of Barkſbire, that is ſouthward from Wind: Vs
ſer, and is ſhadow'd with woods and groves, is com
monly call d Wimdſor-Foreft, and is -but thinly planted
with villages ( of which Okingham is the moſt n
for it's bigneſs, and cloathing trade ;) but is -wall
{tock'd every where with game. Now ( —
are
m—_
ws = ” _—
;
vd-
m-*
ed
ed
ell
we
we
43
BARKSHITRE
gat {lf 5,
£ whe
id Foreſt is, and whence the name comes, take it here
out of the Black Book of the Exchequer. A Foreſt s
a ſafe barbour for beaſts, not every ſort, but for ſuch as
are wild : not in every place, but in ſome certain places
fi for the purpoſe : whence it is call'd Foreſta, quali Fe-
reſta, that is Ferarum ſtatio. And it 15 incredible
how much ground the Kings of England have ſuf-
fer'd every where to lie waſt, and have ſet apart for
the ſhutting up of Deer ; or, as our writers term it,
have afforefted. Neither can I believe that any thing
:. Elſe was the cauſe, but too great delight in * hunting
ng the ( tho? ſome artribute it to wane of people ;) for ſince
: 2 the Daniſh times, they have continually afforeſted
more and more places, and for their preſervation
have impoſed very {tri& laws, and appointed a Chief-
Ranger or Foreſter, who is to take cognizance of all
cauſes relating to the Foreſts, and may puniſh with
loſs of life or limb any one that ſhall kill che Deer in
-
- 2
ile + & 03”
briefly relate theſe things in his own words our of his
Polycraticon : That which will make you more admire, to
lay gins for birds, to lay ſnares, to allure them with
ſprings or pipe, or to entrap them any manner of way, is
by proclamation often mage @ crime. pumſhable with for- |
limb and life. You have beard
feiture of goods, or loſs
that the fowls of the air an
1::t have often already, and ſhall hereafter ſpeak of Fe-
res) if you have a deſire ſeriouſly to know what a
any Chaſe or Foreſt. But Foannes Sarisburienſis ſhall |
bear, left thou fall into the Humtſman's hands, and be
puniſh'd for Treaſon. The Husbandmen are devarr d their
Fallows, whil#t the Deer have liberty to firay abroad ;
and that their feedings may be enlary'd, the Farmer is
cut ſhort of the uſe of bis own grounds. What is ſown or
Planted they keep from the Countryman, paſturage from the
Graziers, and throw the Bee-hives out of the Flowry Plors ;
nay, even the Bees themſelves are ſcarce ſuffer d to uſe their
natural liberty. Which courſes ſeeming too inhu-
mane, have often been the occaſion of great troubles,
till by the Barons revolt, the Charra de Foreſta was ex-
torted from Henry 3. wherein, having abrogated
thoſe rigorous laws, he granted others more equita-
ble, co which thoſe that live within che limits of the
Forelts are at this day bound to be conformable. At-
terwards, two Juſtices were appointed tor theſe cau-
ſes, whereof one preſides over all the Foreſts on this
ſide the river Trent, the other over thoſe beyond ir
| as far as Scotland, with great authoricy. Through-
out all chis County ( as we find in the Survey-book
of England) The Tame or King s Knight, bolding of him
' as Lord, whenſoever he died, left to the King for a Relief,
all bis Armour, one Horſe with a Saddle, and another
without a Saddle. And if he had either Hounds or
' Hawks, they were tendred to the King, that if he
pleas'd, he might take them. Y/hen Geld was given |
m K. | Edward's time throughout all Barkſhire, an hide * The Can-
Jaſtices in
Eyrc.
d fiſhes of the ſea are common. | yielded ; d. ob. before Chriſtmas,and as much at Whitſun- fellor.
But theſe are the King's, and are claimed by the ForeFt-| tide. Thus much of Barkſbire, which as yer has
Law where e're they fly. With-bold thine hand, and for-| given no perſon the title of Larl.
There are in this County 140 Pariſhes.
The Countries we have been travelling over, that is, thoſe of the Danmonii, Durotriges, Belgz, and Actrebatii,
while the Saxons had the Sovereignty bere in Britain, fell to the Kingdom of the Weſt-Saxons, which they in their
were decrepit, and eaſily vaniſh'd. So that herein we daily
end fade and die by little and little,
language call'd * Weafe-Spaxan-pic, as they did themſelves Geguyrip, from Cerdic's grandfather, who firſt en-
rich d this Kingdom : whence ſome call them Geuifli, and others V iſi-Saxones, from ther weſtern ſituation ; as rhe
Weſtern Goths are nam'd \ili-Gothi. Theſe at length, when the Engliſh Empire was grown to maturity, reduc'd the
Saxon Heptarchy into a Monarchy, which nevertheleſs afterwards thro' the laz.meſs of their Kings, quickly grew as it
ſee it confirm'd, that the race of the moſt valiant, and no-
bleft Families, as the Shoots of Plants, have their firſt ſprouting up, their time of flowring, and maturity ; and in the
& W:ſt-Seaxna ric is the true Saxon name.
OT es ee en en eee
HAT the original of this Coun-
ty's name may be, is much har-
ADDITIONS to
der todetermine; than to ſhow
that thoſe which are common-
ly produc'd, are certainly talſe. The Berrock and
Beroke might have ſomething in them, if our Author's
name of the Shire, Beppocycyne, were the true
one. From whence he had it, 1 know not ; nor
can I be ſo uncharitable as to believe, he would mo-
del it ſo on purpoſe to ſui that conjeture, *Tis
plain however from the moſt ancien: Annals of the
Saxons, that the o!d name was Beappucrcpe, which
according to different ages we find afterwards tirſt
written Beappucyype, and then Fappucrcape ; from
which the preſent name is eaſily melted.
»:the | b] As for the 16s, being call d afterwar:'s Thami-
+ fs; neither the crue name of the river is in any an-
cient Record, 1s, (which was forgd at firſt to encou-
rage that opinion of Thame and 1s;) nor is the meet-
ing of thoſe ewo rivers the cauſe of Thamiſis, it being
Call'd Terms all along before their joyning, as well as
ater, For the proof of both, it may be lufficient to
reter the Reader to what is obſerv'd before upon this
59. lubje, in * Wiltſhire.
Ar the ſouth part of Oxford, there begins a great
Cauſey, going from Frier-Bacon's ſtudy, near ewo
=\og, Miles towards Abingdon ii ; which one would imagine
had been a work of the Romans, bur that it appears
by Record to have been made by Robert Doiley in the
ume of William the Conqueror.
[ © } The Thames running by Oxford, goes on to
p-on, Abingdon, which as it is now the Shire town for all
publick buſineſs ; fo was it formerly 2minenc for
Meztings about the weighty a{fairs of che whole King: |
came
Pte
BARKSHIRE.
dom. For which reaſon, and it's ancient name Sheo-
veſham ( written by Leland, whether from Record
or by a miſtake I know not, Seukeſham,) I am enclin'd
to think this the very place wherein two Synods
were held, one in the year 742.and the other in 822.
both ſaid to be at Cloper-hoo. For tho' Mr. Cam-
den ſettles it in Kent, yet he expreſles himſelf nor
fully convinc'd of the certainty of his opinion :
and I know not of any Author that agrees with him
in calling it Chves at Ho; which indeed gives the
p_ colour to his opinion. But what he himſelf
ugpeſts,that it ſeems to have been in Mercia,and that that
s not by any means a convenient place for a Synod or Coun.
cil, are unanſwerable objefions. For one may ima-
gine that Frhelbald King of the Mercians had the
greateſt hand in it, becauſe the Saxon Annals men-
tion him particularly, as preſent ; and hat in Kent
is too much in a corner to anſwer the character of
Clofeſhoo, mention'd only twice in the Amna!s, and
both times expreſly ſaid to be the place of a Synod.
And in a Council at Hertford, in 672. we find it de-
creed, that there ſhould be two Synods yearly ; but becauſe
there are ſeveral incidental cauſes might prevent them, it
was unanimouſly agreed however that there ſhould one
meet yearly the firſt day of Auguſt , at the place call'd
Clofethoh. Which can never be ſuppos'd, unreaſon-
ably to point out a place fo little for the convenience
of moſt of the members ; but may very rationally
be meant of Abingdon, a place perhaps as eligible by
all parties as could well be thought of. Ac preſent
this town is particularly honour'd by affording to
the right honourable Fames Bertie the title of Earl.
[d ] From hence we come ro White-borſe-bill, the yy.;...
head of the river Ock ; above which, by Aſhbury- borle-hill
WI park,
ATTREBATIL
Puſcy.
Cuckamſ.
ley-hill,
* Chron.
Sax. An.
1096.
ford
+ Itijacrar.
MS.
Hunger-
tord.
Walling-
_ could ſhew the places where they all ſtood, and the
park, * is a Camp, of a figure as near round as ſquare,
the diameter above an hundred paces, and the works
ſingle ; which ſeems to prove « Daniſh. But the
works are now almoſt quite ſpoil'd and defac'd by
digging for the Sarſden4tones ( as they call them ) co
build my Lord Cyaven's houſe in the park.
Above the ſame hiil, there is another Camp with
ſingle works, but very large ; and at about ewo fur-
longs diſtance, is a barrow call'd Dragon-hill : but
wherher from hence one ſhould conclude this to be
the zwnulxs of Uther Pendragon, ſince the conjecture is
not warranted by any dire& teſtimony from hiſtory,
I leave to others co determine. As alſo, whether
the White horſe on the hill-fde was made by Hen-
giſt, ſince the Horſe was the Arms or figure in Hen-
giſt's ſtandard.
About a mile from the hill, there are a great ma-
ny large ſtones, which tho' very confus'd, muſt yet
have been laid there on purpoſe. Some of them are
plac'd edge-wiſe; butthe reſt are ſodforderly.chat one
would imagine they had been tumhl'd out of a cart.
[ e] Next is Pufey, which ( as our Author ob-
ſerves ) the Puſeys hold by a Horn granted them by
Canutus. But whether his authority be the private
Records of the Eſtate, or the Inſcription of an horn
ſtill in the poſſeſiion of that fanuly andimplying what |
he affirms ; I cannot be certain. The latter is more
obable, and if ſo, liable to this Exception , that
h the character and ſtile are modern ; many hun-
dreds of years after the Conqueſt : fo that of what
antiquity ſoever the Horn it ſelf may be, the Inſcri-
ption muſt have been added long after the age of Ca-1
”utws. Not but the tradition of Canutus's giving it
may be very true, ſince there are ſo many inſtances
of this kind in many parts of England ; and Ingul-'
phas has expreſly told us, that in thoſe days it was
common ( among other things ) to make Grants 0
Lands by Horn:.
[f] A mile above Wamage, caſt from Aſbbury,
there is a very large Camp on the brow of a hill, of
a quadrangular form and fingle-work'd ; from which
it appears to be Roman.
Eaſt from hence is Cuckamſley bill, call'd in Saxon
Cpichelmer-hleape, and by Florence of Worceſter
Cuiccelmeſlawe ; from whence, by degrees, the preſent
name is melted, and the word bill added by a rauto-
logy, for want of knowing that Þleape in the Saxon
implies ſo much. * Over this it was that the Danes
paſsd in their Depredations, after they had deſtroy'd
Wallingford, in the year of our Lord 1006.
[8] The Thames paſſing from Abingdon through
Sunnizg, goes to Wallingford, which appears to have
been formerly a town of very great nate, as from our
Author's deſcription, fo alſo from + Leland's obſerva-
tion, that it had once 14 Pariſh-Churches, and that
there were in his time feveral perſons living, who
Church yards that belong'd to them. Notwithſtand.
ing the ewo great misfortunes mention'd by our Au-
thor: their Mault-trade, and the convenience of {end-
ing corn and other commodities by water to London,
do {till ſupport it ; fo that of late years 'tis very much
encreasd both in buildings and number of inhabi-
tants. It is a Corporation govern'd by a Mayor and
ſix Aldermen, who are Juftices of the Peace within
the Burrougb; and there is a Free-ſchool, and a Mar-
ket-houſe wherein the Mayor and Juſtices keep the
rter-Seflions.
[ h ] The Thames running from hence, receives
the Kennet, upon which ſtands Hungerford, a town
peter amous for the beſt Trouts ; but tho? it
ſituate upon a great road, yet neither are its build-
ings or market very conſiderable. The Conſtable
(who is annually choſen) is Lord of the Mannour,
Author ſeems to expreſs it interms too general, when
he ſays, that all the Hwngerford's Lands were reſtor'd
to the Ghildren of Halter Lord Hungerford ; who was
executed for a crime not fit to be mentiond. They
have in this town a Hors, holding about a quart ;
the Inſcription whereof afhrms it to have been given
by Fob of Gaunt along with the Rial-fſhing ( 1o 'tis
there exprebs'd, ) in a certain pare of che river.
[ i } From thence the Kennet runs to Newbury, fa- y.._
mous4or the Engagements there between his Majeſty
King Gharks 1. and the Parlament-Army, in the
late Civil Wars.
[kJ] And then to Read:vg, in Saxon (as our Au- Re,
thor obſerves) Rheadyze, tho' the Saxon Annals call
it Reading, Rxaing, and Reding, Where the Caltle
ſtood, || Leland ſays he cauld not exactly diſcover ; |.
but imagines ic might ſtand at the weit-end of Caf le- bis
ſtreet. I is probable, that ſome pare of che Abbey
was built out of the ruins of it, and it might perhaps
be upon the very ſpot where the Abbey was. Now,
there is not ſo much as a tradition of any Caſtle thar
ever was there: only the precincts of the Abbey are
{ome ſigns of Fortifications; but thoſe they atfirm to
have been caſt up no longer ſince than the laſt Civil
Wars; and the tracks allo of therwo Baſtions are ac-
cording to the modern way of fortifying. However,
the Coins faund there are an evidence of the Anti-
quity of the place; one particularly of gold, and ano-
ther of braſs: but of what People I have not learn'd.
The great ſupport of the town ( as our Author hints,
and Leland expreſly tells us) was Choathing ; bur the
convenicnce of the river giving great encouragement
to the Mault-trade, they now apply themſelves eſpe.
cially to that, and find it turn to fo good account,
tbat their employment about Cloath is in a great mca-
{ure laid aſide. For whereas they have had formerly
_ Clothiers, now their number is but very
mall,
{ 1] Next, the Thames goes to Wimdſor, call'd in
Saxon Winoleroune, Windleropa, and alſo Windlex.
oxpa, from the winding banks, oxne in that language
ſignifying a bank or ſhore. The Kings of England have
all along had a great affeion for this place upon the
account of it's fituation ; but none more than King
Charles 2. who at great expences very much beauti-
fied the Lodgings both by curious Paintings and
other improvements.
EARLS of Barkſhzre.
This County gave the title of Earl firſt to Francs
Norrs, created Jan. 28. 1620. but he dying without
iflue-male, it was heſtow'd upon Thomas Howard,
Viſcount Andover, who was ſucceeded in it by Charles
his fon and heir ; and this Charles, by Thomas Howard
his brother,
More rare Plants growing wild in Barkſhire.
Myrtus Brabantica ſive Elxagnus Cordi Ger. Gaule
or Dutch Myrtle. See the Synonymes in Dorſetſhire. By
old Windſor park corner. Park. p. 1451.
Orchis galea & alis fere cinercis F. B. Cynos or-
chis latifolia hiante cucullo minor C. B. latifolia minor
Park. major altera Ger. The man Orchies. On Cawſham
bills by the Thames-ſide, not far ſrom Reading.
Polygonatum Ger. vulgare Park. latifoium vulgare
C. B. Polygonatum, vulgo ſigillum Solomonis F. B.
Solomon's Seal. In a field adjoyning to the Waſh at New-
berry, and im divers other places of Barkſhire. Obſerved
by Wd worthy friend Mr. George Horſnell Chirurgeon im
London.
Hieracium Pulmonaria dictum anguſtifolium. Pul-
monaria Gallica ſeu aurea anguſtifolia Ger. emac. Nar-
row-leaved golden Lungwort. Found in an old Roman
and holds ic immediately of the King ; fo that our
| camp at Sidmonton near Newberry. Ger. emac. p. 395:
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DD we new call Surrey and Sou
' dom; becauſe the
R--E -G' N-
E X T the Acttrebatit tv the Raft, the Regni, call'd by Ptolemy Piryret, imbabited rhoſe Counties
: x 3 with' the ſea-coaf of Fa
Bp the name, | am inclin'd tv comes my preſent opinion ; by
I out of the way, as if I ſhould. affiriiy the Piryrar 10 bt fo-ccalPd, as beryy a Regan or King-
Romanogranted it the Privilege of cortimuaing under Ring ly govern
as Tacicus vells ws, Cogidurnes King of the: Britams bad certain Eitirs put under bas Furiſ-
mhkire. Ax to the Erpmctogy of.
cauſe *rrs poſſtble tr may be as muc
ent, For
Ay $1&10n,accor ding; 10 an anciens cuſtom of the Romins; with no orher deſign than that
Q bewe Kings thee tools and ſlewes.
date) I readuly cloſe with them, ſince t
— might
Bit thu conjecFare to my ſelf does not appear probable, Jt
to others will ſeem abjund; ard ſo I caſheer it. As ſor the Saxon names (which are of a later
bey have ſuch a clear appearance of rurh. Namely, Soutli-fex from the Sourh-
Saxons ; aud Surrey from therr Southerhy' ſitwation. upon-a rrver. Foy that this the metmmimy of Suth+rey, no one
can dey, that conſiders baw Over-rhey in the o/d Saxon- ſignifies Over the river.
i <— ————— —_
— — —_ mc_ = —_—
SUT H-REY.
tuatien upon the South-lide of the river, SuS5+
nea, ( for Su with them ſignifies the Sowh,
and pea @riwer:)joyns upon the Weſt to Bark-
ſhire and Hamſhice, on. the Sauth to Suſſex, on-the
Eaſt to Kent ; and an the North is waſh'd and'part-
ed from Middleſex by. tke river Thames. The Coun-
ty is not very large, hut rich enough where it lies
upon the Thames; and where it is an open cham-
pain, it is tolerably fruitful both in cort. and. hay,
eſpecially to the South, where a contiru'd law vale
«, runs along (call'd formerly frqm, the woods, Hoke
dale,) which an intermixture af wands, . fields: and
meadows, renders exc Here and theze
are long ridges of. hills ; the parks are. every whese
ſtor'd with Deer, and the rivers with filh z which
two afford the agreeable pleaſures of hunting and
fiſhing. Ir is b Ny liken'd to a coarſe garment,
or cloath of a ſlight and. coarſe make ' with a green
border ; the inner part of the County being barren,
the outer, or as it were the benwne, more frui
the ſurvey of it, I will make the Thames. and- the
rivers that flow into it, my guides ; by which means
I ſhall omit nothing memorable; all the places of
any note for their antiquity, lying upon the rivers. _
The Thames (ta go.alang with the ſtreata of- is )
ſo ſoon as it has left Backſhure, glides along 'to* Chers-
ſey, call'd by Bede Cerots Infula, i. e the land of C3-
rotus : but now it ſcarce makes a peninſula, except
in winter time. In this, as a place molt retir'd from
the commerce of the world, Frithwald, a petty King
of Surrey under Wulpher King of the Merczans ( for 1o
he ſtiles himſelf in the naar.) and
Erchenwald Biſhop of London, built a-monaſtery in
the infancy of the Engliſh Church, which was for
ome time the burying-place of that moſt Rehigions
King Henry 6. whom the Yorck-family, afrer they
had dethron'd him, cut off, to make themſelves more
ſecure of the Crown, and bury'd him here without
the leaſt mack of honour. But King Henry 7. re-
moving him to Windſor, bury'd himin a New Tomb
with the folemnity becoming a King, and was ſuch
an admirer of his Religion and Virtues ( for he was | them (as our Writers word it) by a Decimation. Military
an exact pattern of Chriſtian piety and patience) | Which was nov according tothe: ancient Rules of Pe<marior
that he apply'd himſelf to Pope Julus to have him |
7 Put in the kalendar of the Saints. And this had ces- | then killing him: but diſpatching nine, difmiffed
'' tainly been done, if the Pope's avarice: had-not ſtood
in the way, who demanded too large a ſumm for'the |
King's Apotheoſis or Canonization z; which would i
have made it look, as if that honaus had not been
pay'd ſo much to the ſan&tity of the Prince, as to
gold. Below: this place, the little river -Wey empries
It fe\f into the Thames [a] ; which ruaning out. of
Hamfhice, ar ir's ficſt coming into Surrey, viſits Fe-
EIS) EDI
« |t is in Saxon cali'd Ceortes-ige,
.but was: formerly a Village of the
URREY, call'dby Bede Suthrione,.commonly | ornham coramonly Farham, fo nam'd as being: « bed Farnham.
Satbrey and Swrreg; by the Saxons, from it's fi- |
of, ferws 3, given by Athelbald King. of the: Weit-Sax-
ans, to the Brſbop and Congregatuan of the Charch of
Winebeffer. Inthis-place it was, that about the year
89+ King Alfded. worſted the plundering Danes with
a handful: of men: ; and afterwards, when K. Stephen
bad granted licence to all chofe who. ſided with him
to build Caſtles, Henry of Blozs, brother to Stephen,
and B:{bop of Wincheſter, buile- a caſtle uporr the
hill that hangs over the town ;:which becauſe i&-was
2 harbour for ſedition,. K. Heniny 3. demoliſhid ;: bue
after a long time the Biſhops of: Winchefter,co whom
it belongs to-this day, rebuilt it.” Not far fromHence
at Waverley, Williams Gifford Bilkop |
buile- a+ lictle- monaſtery for Ciſtercian ' Monks *.
From thence the We running by Godelavinge, which
King Alfred gave by Will to #thelwald,: his bro-
ther's ſon-; and not far from Carr
which Heme de Catton- held, to be Marſhal of the whores
whey the King ſhould come into theſe: parts 3 and at' a lit-
tle diſtance trom Loſeley, where: within a pat, Ifaw
In | a delicate ſeat; of the family of the Afores): by theſe
(1 ſay) it comes to Guilford, in Saxon Gulbe-fojph, Guilford.
and in ſome Copies Gegidford. It is now 4 miarket-
town of great reſins and well ſtor'd with good Irins 3
Engliſh-Saxon
Kings, and given by Will to Athelwald by his [fors-
faid | Uncle. There is now a houſe of the King's,
tho' gone muchtodecay ; and not far from the river
the ruinous walls of an old caſtle, which has been
pretty large. In the middie of the town is a Church,
the eaſt'end whereof being arch'd with ſtone, ſeems
to be very ancient. Here (as we learn by Domel-
day book ) the King had 75 Hage, 1. e. houſes, whivein Hagz,
175 wen dwelt. But 'tis famous for nothing ſo much
as the treachery and inhumanity of Godwin Earl of
Kent, who in the year of our Lord 1036. when Al-
fred, King Echelred's ſon, and heir to the Crown of
England, came out of Normandy to demand: his
righe, receiv'd him with an affurance of ſafety, but
treated him contrary to his promiſe. For ſurprizing
at a dead time of night the ſix hundred 'men which
were the retinue of the Royal youth, he puniſh'd
War, by drawing out every tenth man by lot; and
| every-temh ; and afcerwards, with the-moſt exeream
cruelty * retich'd choſe tenths he had ſav'd. Andas to * redeci-
Alfred himſelf] he deliver'd him to Harold the Dane, =
who firſt pur out' his eyes, then clapt him in chains,
and kept him in priſon to his dying day | b ].
From hence the Mey is carry'd cowards the north
for a long. way together, and meets with nothing
worth mentioning, .except S«tton, the ſeat of- the
— > — — _ —
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fant, thy*i; was ny br t2 the Abbies of G:rondon, Fd, Tame, Camb ; and Grandm: 57 to Bordeilkey, Bidic{don, Brucr, Bindony and Dankel-
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Weſt ons
of Winchefter Waverley:
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- —_ - -
155
—— _ —
Weſtons Knights * ; }eking, a royal ſeat ? ; and Pyriferd,
where, in our memory, Edward Earl of Lincoln
and Baron Climton*, built him a houſe ; and in the
william neighbourhood Ockham, where William de Ockbam,
Ockhan- that great Philoſopher and Founder of the Nominals,
was born, and had his name trom the place 7. But
where it comes to empty it ſelf out at a double mouth
into the Thames, we ſee Orelandes [ c |, a pretty hand-
ſome ſcat of the Kings, built within a park ; near
Where Cz- which Czlar paſs'd the Thames, and enter'd the ter-
- of - hal ritories of Caſſivelany, For this was the only place in
the Thames formerly fordable, and that too nat
without great difficulty ; which the Britains in a'
manner pointed out to him. For on the other lide |
of the river, a ſtrong body of the Britiſh had planted
themſelves ; and the bank it ſzIf was ſenc'd with ſharp
ſtakes, and ſomne of the ſame ſort faſten'd under wa-
ter. The footſteps whereof (lays Bede) are ſeen at thu |
day ; and it appears upon the view, that each of them s
as thick as a man's thigh, and that ſoderd with lead,
they ſtick in the bottom of the river, immoveable. But the
Romans enter'd the river with ſo much vigour and
reſolution, that tho' they had only their heads above
water, the Britains were not able to bear up againſt
them, but were forc'd to quit the bank, and fly for
it. *'Tis impoflible I ſhould be miſtaken in the place,
becauſe here the river is ſcarce ſix foot deep, and the
place at this day, from thoſe fakes, is call'd Coway-
ſtakes ; to which add, that Czfar makes the bounds
ol Cajjruelan, where he ſettles this paſſage of his, to be
about 80 miles diſtant from that ſea which waſhes
the eaſt pare of Kent, where he landed : Now this
tord we mention is at the ſame diſtance from the
ſea; and 1 am the firſt that I know of, that has men-
tion'd and ſertl'd it in it's proper place.
Some few miles from hence, towards the eaſt, the
little river Mole haſtens into the fea, after it has croſs'd
the County trom the ſouthern bound; but ſtop'd at
laſt in it's way, by the oppoſition of hills, * like that
Anas, ari- Nohie river of Spain Anas, it forces open a paſlage
Spain, Under ground, as if it were ſome mole; from whence
ic has it's name, that fubterraneous animal being
calld-in Engliſh a Afole. Bur there is nothing fa-
mous upon this river, only at ſome diftance from
it's head ( near the old military way of the Romans
call'd Stany#Hreat ) is the town Aclea, commonly
nanm'd Orkley from the Oaks. Here Xthelwolph fon
of Egbert ( who notwithſ(tanding he had enter'd in-
to Holy Orders, yet by a diſpenſation trom the
Pope Gencked his father hereditarily in the king-
dom ) engag'd the Daniſh army with good ſuccels,
(for he killd moſt of their brave men) tho' with
no great advantage to his country ; that Daniſh Hy-
dra (til ſprouting up a-new [dj. A little from the
head of this river ſtands Garton, now hardly a vil-
lage, tho' formerly a famous crown. As an argu-
ment of ir's antiquity, it ſhews Roman coins dug up
Rhic-gar, there, and ſends two Burgeſles to Parliament. Lower,
15 R&ze-gar, ( 1.e. according to our ancient language,
Holmeſdale 7he cour/e or chanel of a ſmail river ) in a vale, running
out a gieat way ealtward, call'd © Holmeſdale, the in-
habizants whereof. becauſe once or twice they de-
teatcc che plundering Danes, have this rhime in their
_ own commendation :
The wale of Holmeſdall
Never 2wonne, ne never (hall.
This Rhie-gate is more conſiderable for it's largeneſs
than buildings : on the ſouth-lide of it is a park
growing thick with little groves; and in this the
moſt noble Charles Earl of Nottingham, Baron of Ef-
fingham, and Loid High Admiral of England, has
his ſeat; where formerly the Earls of Warren and Sur-
rey buile a ſmall Monaſtery. On. the eaſt-ſide is a
Caſtle ſtanding upon a high-ground, now neglected,
Coway-
ſtakes. »
Mole r1v.
Ockley.
Gatton.
-_ — a ——— _ —— —
and decay'd with age ; it was built by the ſame Earls,
and is commonly cail'd Holmes-cattle, trom the vale
in which it ſtands. Under this there is a wondertul
vault, under-ground, of arched work made of tice.
ſtone, the ſame with that of the hill ic ſelf, and hol.
low'd with great labour. The Earls of Warren ( as
it is in the book of Inquiſitions ) beld it in chief of the |; :,,.
King in bis Barony, from the Conque#t of - England. / «+
From thence it runs by Bechworth's-caftle, for which {.*
5 Themas Brown procurd the privilege ol aFair from
Henry the 6th. For it is the ſeat of the family of the
Browns Knights ; of which, in the memory of our 8,
grandfathers, after 7 Anthony Brcown had marry'd Lucy
tourth daughter of Febn Newil Marqueſs of Monta-
cure, with whom he had a pretty great fortune ;
Queen Mary honour'd his grandchild by a fon with
the title of Viicount Montacurte. A few miles hence
to the weſt, we ſee Effingham, formerly the poſlefli-
on of William Howard (that Conquerour of the Scots,
ſon to Thomas Duke of Norfolk, ) who was create]
Baron Howard of Effingham by Queen Mary ; and Eng
being made Lord High Admiral of England, was
firſt, Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth of bleſſed me-
mory, and afterwards Keeper of the Privy Seal. His
lon Charles is now in a flouriſhing condition, and is
Lord High Admiral of England ; whom the ſame
Elizabeth, in the year 1597. for his valour and great
ſervices, advanced to the dignity of Earl of Norting-
ham*, But to return to the River.
The Mole coming to Whitebill, upon which box-
tree grows in great abundance, hides it ſelf, or
is rather ſwallow'd up at the foot of it; and for that
reaſon the place is call'd Swallow : but after about the Ties
ſpacg of two miles, it bubbles up and riſes again [f]; *
ſo that the inhabitants of this tra&t, no leſs than
the Spaniards, may boaſt of having a bridge that « bi
feeds ſeveral flocks of ſheep. For the Spaniard has {9
made this a common proverb in relation to the p!ace ſhe:
where the river © Anas ( now call'd Guadiana ) hides
it ſelf for ten miles together. Our river Mole thus re-
covering ir ſelf from under ground, goes with a flow
current 9 towards the Thames, and enters it hard by
Moleſey, to which it communicates the name.
Affer our Thames has receivd the Mole, it poſts
forward direaly to the North; running by King tone King?
(formerly call'd Moreford, as fome would have it, ) a _—
little market-town of very great reſort, and once fa-
mous for the caſtle of the Clares Earls of Gloceſter,
having it's riſe out of the ruins of a more ancient lit-
tle town of the ſame name, ſituate in a level ground,
and much expos'd to inundations. In this town,
when the Daniſh wars had almoſt quite blown up
England, Athelſtan, Edwin, and Ethelred, the Kings,
were inaugurated **; whereupon, from the Kings, it
came to be call'd Kingſton, i. e. a Royal Town | g j.
In this neighbourhood alſo the Kings of England
* choſe them a ſeat, which from its ſhining or ſp!endour
they calld Shene, but now it has the name of Rich- Ridioo
mond. Here it was that the moſt powerful Prince, yy
K. Edward 3. after he had liv'd enough both to glory cilld4
and nature, dy'd of grief for the loſs of his warlike
ſon ; whoſe death was fo great an affliction both to Eu:
him and all England, as made the methods of conſo-
lation altogether ineffeual. And indeed, if ever
| England had a uſt occaſion for forrow, then it was.
For in the ſpace of one year it was entirely bereav'd
of ir's ornaments of true military diſcipline, and un-
| tainted courage. Both of thele carry'd their con-
' quering ſwords __—_ France, and put ſuch a ter-
| rour into that Kingdom, as might deſervedly give
the father with Anticchas, the name of a Thu
derbolt, and the fon with Pyrrhas, that of an Eagle.
Here alſo dy'd Anne, Wife of K. Richard 2. Silter to
| Wenzelay the Emperour, and Daughter to the Em-
»— 2.9
—_—
*
"
| .
» See {ſeveral initances of this kind, as they are reckon'd up by the learned Selden in his Notes vpon Ox ton's 7 olyeibien, Þ. 267. with their ſeveral
Authorities © The Holm-rrees abound very much through all this tract
uſual Narſery tor our late Princes and Princetlcs when children, upon account of the w hokeſomneſs of its air.
2 Better'd by in: 17 of T. Camel.
- *« Seld. Ccmment. in Polyolb. p. 67. * By this means, it was al
3 Where K. Hen. 7. repair'd and enlarg'd the Mancur- houſe, being the mheritance of the Lady Margaret
Counteſs of Richmond, bu mether, who lid there in her later time. Newark ſometime a ſmall Iricry entviren'd with divided flreams: + And
Admiral of England. 5 As of the next village Ripley, G. de Ripley a
Sir George, aſter 20 y-ars Hudy in Italy, &c. after the Phileſopher”s ſtone
Record im the Iſle of Malta declares) an hunared theujend pound year:y ts
Wor. p. 204. Com. Ebor. 6 Str Thumas. 7 Sir Anthony.
> Of whom more in my frmals.
Ring-leader of our Alchimiſt;, aud a myſtical Impeſtor. $0 Holland. 7h#
, 3s fa'd ro have found it in. 1470. pie, he might, if he gave (45 #
the kmghts of Rhodes for carrying en the war againet the Turks. ee Full.
« By Stcke Dabernoun, ſo ram'd of the
ancient Poſſeſſors the Dabernouns, Gentlemen of great note. Afterwards by nboritaxce frem them the prſiiſpon of rhe Lerd Bray. And by Aiſher,
Jonerimes a retiring picce belonging ro the Bjtops cf Winch {er
i Upcn au open ftoge im the n arke-piace
perour
"FUTH-REY
perour Charles 4. ſhe firſt taught the Engliſh women
that way of > on hork which 1s now in
uſe ; whereas formerly their cuſtom was ( tho” a ve-
ry unbecoming one ) to ride aſtride as well as men.
Her husband took her death our fo ill, and mourn'd
ſo immoderately, that he altogether neglected and
even abhorr'd the very houſe. Buc King Henry x.
beautify'd it with new buildings; and in Shene, an
adjoyning little 61 built a Monaſtery of Carthu-
fians, which he call'd Berblebem. In Henry 7.'s time
this royal ſeat was quite burnt down by a lamentable
fire, but like a Phcenix ſprung again out of it's own
aſhes with greater beauty, by the afliſtance of che
ſame Henry, and cook the new name of Richmond
from that Country whereof he had been Earl whilſt
a private perſon. This Henry 7. had ſcarce put a
finiſhing hand to his new ſtruqure, but he ended
his days here; by whoſe care, induſtry, counſel,
and quick-fighted prudence, the kingdom of Eng-'
=El- land has ſtood hitherto unſhaken. From hence
"it Was alſo, that 9o years aſter, his Niece the moſt
Serene Queen Elizabeth, after ſhe had as ic were
glurted nature with length of days ( for ſhe was about
70 years of age, ) was call'd and receiv'd by Almigh-
ty God into the ſacred and heavenly Quire. A Prin-
cels exceeding her ſex both in comm and condud ;
who, as in her face, fo in her diſpoſition, ſhew'd
the true image of her grandfather : the was the ave.
of the world, and the delight of Britain. And fo
far was ſhe, tho' but a woman, from coming ſhort of
the laſting and renown'd virtue of her anceſtors, that
if ſhe did not exceed, ſhe at leaſt abundancly equall'd
them. Let poſterity believe this, and give their af-
; ſent to ſo favourable a truth (for I do not corrupt
venerable Truth with flatteries ) that a Virgin, for 44
years together, did ſo manage the government, as
to be belov'd by her ſubjefts, fear'd by her enemies,
and admird by all ; a pattern, that no hicherto
can produce the like. Her death put England -under |
ſuch a general grief, that it had kin in-delpair and
deſolation, without the leaſt proſpe& of comfort; but
that immediately upon her departure out of this life,
the moſt Serene Fames, the true and undoubted heir,
mark'd out by all hearts and eyes for her ſucceſſor,
ſhed forth his auguſt beams, and poſſeſſed all
f with the hopes of a laſting joy. When we look up.
on him, we ſcarce can believe her dead. Tho? why
ſhould we talk of her dying, whoſe immortal virtues
ſtill live, and her ſacred memory will ever be pre-
ſerv'd in the minds of men, and the Annals of Time ?
ir As far as this place the Thames receives the tide,
=. about 60 Italian miles from the mouth. And there's
no other river in Europe that I know of, where the
tide comes up ſo many miles, to the great advantage
v:g0s of thoſe that live by it. Whether it be, that from
%
<a.
this our Hefor Edward's fate hath mourn'd,
Who's gadlike foul from hence to heav'n return'd, e
And letc the mortal fetters that it ſcorn'd.
Ah ! thee had the bleſt powers not call'd too ſoon,
Or Valois had refign'd the Gallick crown,
Or that had Valois loſt, —
And a few verſes after ;
Tamiſis alternum ſentit reditumque fugamque
Huc reflui pelagi, quoties vags Cymhia pronos
Ottawud librat cali /tatione jugales. .
Aut tenet oppoſitam variants lumine piagam,
Plenior increſcit celeremque recurrit in &ſtum :
Atque ſuperbus ait, Concedant flumina nobs,
Null per Europe dotatas nomine terras
Fluming tam longe ſic certss legibus undas
Alternas renovant, nift fratres Scaldis, & Albis.
Here Thame's great current wich alternate courſe
Maintains its rife and fall at conſtant hours.
When Phehe reſts at our Meridian line,
Or ith? Horizon-point does faintly ſhine,
In haſty waves the ruſhing waters joyn.
While the proud river thus his worth proclaims;
* Great you that Europe boalts her nobleſt ſtreams,
© Yield all tome; for ſuch an ebb and flow
© No rival flood but Scheld and Elb can ſhow.
More inward, at about four miles diſtance from
the Thames, None-ſach, a retiring ſeat of the Kings, None-ſach.
eclipſes all the neighbour buildings. It was erect-
ed by King Henry the 8th. in a very wholſome air,
called before Cuddington, and defign'd by him for his cuacing-
pleaſure ' and diveriton. Tis fo magnificent, and ton.
withall fo neat, as even to arrive at the higheſt pitch
of oftentation ; and one would think, that the whole
art of Archite&ture were crowded into this ſingle
work. So many images to the life are there upon
all fides of it, fo many wonders of an accomplith'd
workmanſhip , - as may even vie with the remains
of Roman Antiquity : fo that it may lay a juſt claim
to the name, and is able to ſupport it; None-ſuch be-
ing =” 1g Nulla ejuſmod;, or as Leland expreſſes it
in verſe,
Hanc, quia non habeant ſimilem, laudare Britanni
S hs, Nullique parem, cognomine dicunt.
yond the reſt the Engliſh this extol,
And None ſuch do by eminency call.
And the houſe too is fo ſurrounded with parks full
of deer, delicate orchards and gardens, groves adorn'd
with arbours, little garden-beds, and walks ſhaded
with trees; that * Pleaſure and Wholſommefi ſeem to have * Ameni-
made choice of this place wherein to live together. [7
But _ Mary exchang'd it with Henry Fitz-Alan
Earl of Arnndel, for other poſſeflions ; who after he
this place there are hardly any crookings, bur 'tis
carry'd eaſtward in a more dire channel, general]
fenc'd with higher banks, and opens a wider mench
than other rivers to let in the fea, ( which, as I
thought long ſince, / by the rapid circulation of the |
orbs from eaſt to weſt, is carry'd the ſame way; ) 1|
leave to the enquiry of Philoſophers, to whe judg- |
ments I willingly fibmic in theſe and the like mat-
ters. However, concerning theſe places and this
ſubjeR, take ſome few verles (if you can reliſh them )
out of The wedding of Tame and ]ji.
A aextra, nobus Richmondia, Shena wetuitu
Celſa nitet, ſapiens namq; banc Richmondia dic;
Henricws woluit, fibi quod retuliſſet honorem
Et titulos Comitus Richmondia jure paterno :
Heforu Edward: ſed deflet funera noſtri ;
Proh dolor ! bic ills reg: mens libera ceſſit
Corpore cmtempto, ledes abitura ſupernas.
Quem fi non ſubito rapuiſſent ferrea fata,
Aut te Valeſis opnith Gallia vittor,
Aut tibs Valeſios.
Now. ſtately Richmond to the right is keen,
Richmond , whoſe name wiſe Henry chang'd
from Sheen,
Who Richmond's Earl had by his father been.
had inlarg'd it with a well-furniſt'd Library, and ſome
new works, left it at his death to the Baron of Lum-
key, a perſon whoſe whole courſe of life did truly an-
{wer his character : from him, by bargain, it re-
|turn'd to the Crown {h]. Near this place ( for I
cannot think it unworthy the mentioning ) is a vein
of potter's earth, famous for thoſe little veſlels (the
oldſmiths uſe to melt their gold in) being made of
it ; upon which account it carries a good rate.
The ſmall and clear river Vandal, abounding with The Vandal
the beſt trouts, riſes at Caſhalton, a little diſtance from
hence, and running by Morden, waſhes a town upon
the weſtern bank of it, ſituate in a moſt fruitful place,
call'd Merton, in Saxon Menedune, formerly famous werton.
for the death of Kenulph King of the Welt-Saxons,
ſlain in the cottage of a certain harlot here (with
whom he was ſmitten) by t Prince Kinebard ; and the t Chre.
Prince himſelf, preſently kill'd upon the ſpot by the
friends of Kenulph, was puniſh'd anſwerably to his
treachery. Now, it ſhews nothing but the ruins of a
monaſtery built by Henry 1. " at the inftance of Gil-
bert Viſcount of Surry '*, which was famous for a Par-
liament held there under Heory 3.
Afterwards, the Vandal is augmented by a fmall
river from the caſt, which ariſes at Croydon, former- Croydon.
f Scaliger de Subcilit. Exercitat. 52. Sclden in Polyolb. p. 208. 4
12 For Black-Canons. *" In the year 11:7. which wat famous for the
wn, founder of Mcrton-College in Oxford, born and bred here,
ly Cradiden, lying under tho hills, and particularly
Statute of Merton, enaf7el in the 2.1 Hen. 3. and alſo for Walter de Mer-
famous
Weng 4/909 «PEER Rs Bb, TE ee us ie ”
—_— r—_— —
I eee en nr nn newer ——
159
FEGNT :
— ——>— > - -— — -- a- — OE. OUT - - ” —
— —— _—— —
—
famous for a palace of the Archbiſhops of Canter-
bury, (whoſe it has been now for a long time) and for
coals which the inhabitants trade withal. Thoſe
that live there tell you that a Royal palace ſtood for-
merly on the weſt part of the town near Hal:»y,
where the rubbiſh ' of buildings ] is now and then
digg d up by the husbandmen ; and that the Arch-
bilbops after it was beſtow'd on them by the King,
transterr'd it to their own palace, nigher the river.
Near which, the moſt Reverend father in God Fohn
Whitgift, Archbiſhop of Canterbury, of bletſed me-
mory, out of a pious diſpoſition built and endow'd
a beautiful Hoſpital for the relief of the poor, and
a School for the promotion of good learning. For the
The bourn. torrent that the vulgar affirm to riſe here ſometimes,
and to preſage dearth and peſtilence ; it ſeems hardly
worth ſo much as the mentioning, tho' perhaps ir
may have ſomething of truth in it. ' Near to this
Beddington place is Beddington | i ] , where is a moſt neat and
curious houſe, adorn'd with pleaſant orchards and
gardens, built by Sir Francis Carew Knight. For 'tis
an ancient ſeat of the Carews, who are deſcended
from Nicholas Baron Carew of Moulesford ( the Ca-
rews of Devonſhire are of the ſame family too ) and
have flouriſh'd a long time in this County ; eſpecially,
ſince ** F., Carew marry'd the daughter and coheir
of the noble Baron Hoo '3®. Wibbandune, now com-
Wimbledon MONly Wimbledon, is ſeated upon the other bank of
the Vandal, where, (after the Britiſh war was ended,
The firſt and too much happineſs began to breed civil diſlen-
9g tions among the Saxons ) Fthelbert King of Kent
Saxons. firſt rais'd a civil war againſt his own Countrymen.
But Ceaulin, King of the Weſt-Saxons, luckily de-
feated him in this place, with great loſs on Xthel-
bert's ſide ; particularly the two Captains Ofſian and
Cneben were lain ; from the latter whereof 'ris pofli-
ble chat the military fortification I ſaw here of a cir-
cular form, calld Bensbury or Cnebensbury, might take
its name. . Now, it's greateſt ornament is ahouſe,
as of a ſtately ſtructure, ſo made pleaſant by it's
prolpet and gardens, built by Sir Thomas Cecil Kr.,
ſon of the moiſt prudent Baron Burghley, in the year
1588. when the Spaniſh Armada was upon our coaſts.
Two miles from hence to the ſouth, upon the
very top of a hill, is a little wood call'd at this day
Woodcote. Woodcote, where are the plain remains of a ſmall
city, and ſeveral wells built of little pieces of flines :
the neighbourhood talk much of it's populouſnefs,
* Patricio- richneſs, and number of it's * Aidermen. This I
_ take to be che City whick Ptolemy calls No:omagas,
Novioma- Antoninus Neviomagas* ; nor need I infiſt upon any
848. other arguments for it, beſides that of diſtance. For
*tis ten miles from London, and eighteen from Vag-
niace or Meidſton, as is hinted by an old leinerary.
Thoſe therefore are very much out of the way, who
have plac'd this Noviomagus either at Buckingham or
Guilford, Tt was the chief City of the REGNT,
and known to Marinus Tyrias, a very ancient Geo-
grapher, whom Ptolemy takes upon- him to cenſure,
becauſe he had put Nowiomags in Brizain in a more
northerly climate than London, and in the method of
his Itinerary ſer it more to the ſouth.
Upon the Thames, next to the mouth of the
Vandal ( where is a little town call'd from it Wand-
le;zorth_ 4, ) ſtands the ſmall village Baterſey, in old
Saxon Pactpykry-ea, and in latin Patriciz inſula, 1. e.
: Kenning- Patrick's Iile: and the Royal ſeat call'd Kemmington,
on, whicher the Kings of England us'd to retire, che dif-
covery whereof *cis vain tc endeavour after, there ap-
pearing neicher name nor rubbiſh to dire& us. Next
is Lambith or Lomebith, that is, a dirty ſtation or ha-
ven ; formerly made famous by the death of Canutus
the valiant King of England, who there breath'd
out his laſt in the middle of his Cups. - For he giv-
ing himſelt wholly over to eating and drinking, or-
I'2mbith.
|
dered (as Henry of Huntingdon has it) rhot ;
Royal meal ſhould be ſery/d up to bis whole Cort four time;
a day ; choſing rather that diſhes ſhould be ſent off bis Ta.
ble untoucht by thoſe he had invited, than that other diſhe;
ſhould be call'd for by thoſe that came m after uninvited.
But now it is more famous for the palace of the
Archbiſhops of Canterbury. For about the year of
Chriſt 1183. Baldwin Archbiſhop of Canterbury, by
an exchange with the Biſhop of Kocheſter, gor a
mannour in this place, wherein he began a palace
for him and his ſucceffors, and this by little and lit-
tle was enlarg'd. But when the Archbiſhops began
to have thoughts of building a ſmall Collegiate
Church here, Good God, whar numbers of Appeals
were packt to Rome by the Monks of Canterbury
and what thundrings, threatnings and cenſures were
level'd by the Pope againſt the Archbiſhops? For the
Monks were jealous that this might prove an en-
croachment upon their Privileges, and deprive them
of their right to ele& the Archbiſhop. Nor could
theſe diſturbances be quieted, till the little Church
they had began, was at the inſtance of the Monks
levell'd with the ground. Near to this is the molt
famovs mart-town of all the County, calld at this
of it.
the memory of our fathers it had it's own Bailif;,
day the Burroygh of Sourhwork, in Saxon Suppenke, x.
i. E. a work or building to the ſouth, ſituated fo to =
the fouth over againſt London, as that it ſeems to be
a fort of ſuburbs co it ; but yet ſo large is it, and po-
pulous, that it may vie with moſt Cities in England,
being as it were a Corporation of it fell, Within
but in the reign of Edward 6. it was annext to the
City of London. and is at this day reckon'd a branch
For which reaſon we will defer the further ex-
amination of this place, till we come to London.
Beneath this, the Thames leaves Surrey, the ealt-
bound whereof runs down in a direc line to the
ſouth, almoſt by Lagham, which in the reign of Ed-
ward 1. had it's Parlamentary Barons, cali 4 $. Fobn Bm
de Lagham, whoſe eſtate came at laſt to F. Leodiard Li
by a daughter and heireſs. Somewhat lower, almoſt
in the very corner where it takes a view both of
Suſſex and' Kent, 1s Sterborrow-caſtle, formerly the
ſeat of the Lords de Cobham, who from this place
were nam'd de Sterborrow ; and deicending from Fobs g,..',,
de Cobham Lord of Cobbam and Couling and the daugh-
cer of Hugh Nevil, flouriſh'd a long time together in
great ſplendor and reputation. For Reginald in the
__ of Edward 3. was made Knight of the Garter,
and Admiral of the Sea-coalts from the Thames mouth
Weſtward. But Thomas the laſt of them marrying
Anne daughter to 5 the Duke of Buckingham, had
by her one only daughter Anne, marry'd to Edward
Burgh, deſcended from the Percies and Earls of Athol.
His fon Thomas was created Baron Burgh by &. Hen- Bon
ry 8. and left a fon William, father to Thomas, who ro
was a great encourager of Learning, Governour of *
Briel, made by Queen Elizabeth Knight of the Gar-
ter, and Lord Deputy of Ireland, where he exposd
himſclf to death | in defence of his country.) As to
Eleanor Cobham of this family, wife to Humphrey
Duke of Gloceſter, whoſe reputation was ſomething
tainted, I refer you to the Eigliſh Hiſtories.
We muſt now reckon up the Earis. William Ru- £1:
fus King of England firſt made Willizm de Warren Go-
vernour of Surrey *5, under the honorary title of ,.;::
Earl; whoſe Arms were Checky, Or and azure. For <\.
in his Foundation-Charter of rhe Priory of Lewis, We \,m
read thus : I have given.8&Cc. for the good of my maſter Et
K. William, who brought me over into England, and for vY
the good of my Lady Queen Mawd, my wife's mother,
and for the good of my maſter K. William bus ſon, after
whoſe coming into England I made this Chartcr, and who
created me Earl of Surrey, &c. To him ſucceeded his
ſon *7, and his grandchild by a fon of the ſame name.
_—_
£ Mr. Somner ( Antiquit. of Canterbury, p. 24.)
c___ by Dr. S::{{;ngfleet, Orig. Britan. p. 63.
ett
1 $jr James.
igh, whereby is ts be [een the r
Serjeanty to find in the Kinz's kitchin at the Coronation one to make a dainty diſh which they call'd Mapigernoun and Dilgerunt. What that was Ven,
T leave to the hulful in ancient A 14 -Bctween, Patney, the native ſoil of Thomas Cromwell, ore of the flow: ing flocks of forrume. 5 Hum
'> Who had marry 'd bis Siſter. 17 And marry'd the daughter of Hugh Earl of Vermandois ; whereupon his poſterity ( 4s ſome
bry
Tape) i'd the Arms of Vermandois. His ſou William dying in che tiely Land about 1142.
13 And Haſtings. To digre(s a little fromthe river, E
or. of a by: Sir Ren Agvilon, and from
has prov'd from the courſe of the Itinerary that it mult neceſſarily lie in Kent ; which opinion is
S:e the Additions to Kent, under the title Hollew-wood hil/, where it may probably enough be
aſtward rom Croydon ſtandeth Addington, new the habitation of Sir Oliff
m of the Lirds Bardolph, who held certain lands here in fee &
But
hy... At. Ad
161
— --— > ——_—_———— - R-
'SUTHREY
— — _. A. a g—_— 0" EI
EF” Bat this laſt had only a daughter, who brought the
{ame title firſt to Wiliam, King Stephen's fon, and
afterwards to Hamelin bale fon of Geoffrey Plantagenet
Earl of Anjou. Butthe firſt husband dying without
iſſue, Hamelin had by her William Earl of Surrey
whole poſterity taking the name cf Warrens, bore the
{ame title. This Wiliam marry'd the eldeſt daugh-
ter and coheir of Wil:am Marſhal Earl of Pembroke,
widow of Hugh Bigod, and had by her Fobn '*: and
Fobnby Alice daughter of Hugh le * Brune, filter by the
mother's ſide to K Henry 3. had William, who dy'd
wt before his father, and had by Joanna Vere, daughter
of the Earl of Oxford, Fobn, who was born after the
death of his father, and was laſt Earl of this family.
He was (as 1 learnt from his ſeal ) Earl of Warren,
Surrey, Strathern in Scotland ; Lord of Bromfeld and
Yale, and Count Palatine. But he dying without law:
ful ifſue in the 23d of Edward 3. his filter and heireſs
Alice was marry'd to Edmund Earl of Arundel, and
by that marriage brought this honour into the famil
of the Arundels ** ; from which it came at laſt by the
Mowhbrays to the Howards, For Thomas Moworay
marry'd the eldeſt ſiſter and coheir of Thomas Fitz;-
Alan, Earl of Arundel and Surrey. In the mean
#52ris Ot
#i And Richard ſecond ſon
the execution of Richard Exrl of Arundel.
epair bis Father's drſhmour, loſt his life for his Prince and Country in France, leaving hu ſiſters hus heirs for the lands not
on pb nina a M NG Duke of Norfolk, &c. to Sir Rowland Lenthall, 32d Sir William Beauchunpe, Lord of Aberg avenny.
Surrey upon Thomas Holland Earl of Kent, who not-
wich{tanding did not long enjoy-that honour. For
ſecretly endeavouring to reſcue the ſame Richard then
taken priloner, and to reſtore him to his Crown,
his plot unex dly was diſcoverd, and himſelt
making his eſcape, was ſeiz'd by the town of Ciren-
ceſter, and beheaded. Next, Thomas de Beaufort, who
was the King's Chancellor, bore this honour, ( if
we may believe Thomas Walſingham.) For he tells
us, that in the year 1410. The Lord Tho. Beaufort
Earl of Surrey, dyd. But let Walſingham make good
his aſſertion ; tor there is no ſuch thing appears in
the King's Records ; only that Thomas de Beaufort
was about that time made Chancellor. *Tis evident
however from the publick Records of the Kingdom,
that King Henry 6. in the 29th year of his reign,
created Fobn Moubray, ſon of John Duke of Norfolk -
Earl of Warren and Surrey *:; and at length King
Richard 3. after he had villanouſly got paileſſion of
y [the Crown, in order to win the family of the
| Howard: (del:ended from the Mowbrays) to his own
party, created on the fame day John Baron Howard
Duke of Norfolk, and Thomas his ſon Earl of Sur-
rey 3 in whole poſterity this honour continu'd, and
time **, Richard 2. conferr'd the title of Duke of | does ſtill remain.
13 Who ſlew Alan de 1a Z,v1ch, in preſence of the Fudger of the Rea'm. "5 For Richard their ſon, who marry'd in
"£ ” w (4 t zovere:2n King Eiward 2 by the malignant envy of the mugen) was bo:h Earl of Arundel and
is father was wickealy belended for ſiding with his Sovereign Kin | : malig y arl of Arundel an
os =_ La left both Exrldoms to Richard bus (on, who contrart wiſebeſf his 23d for ſiding again
the Houſe of Lancaſter (after
/t his Sovereign K. Richard 2. But Thomas bis
entailed, why
22 Afftey
of King Etward 4. having marryd the hir of Mow bray, receivd all ibe
titles aue ro the Mowbrays by creation from his kather. Afterward, King Richard 3. having diſpatched the ſaid Richard, &c.
Thu County hath 149 Pariſh-Churches.
ons
ADDI
H E moſt conſiderable piece of Antiquity
this County affords us, is the famous Ro-
man way call'd Srone-ſtreet, viſible in leve-
ral parts of it. Ir goes ous Darking-
Church yard ; as chey plainly find by digging the
graves ; and between that place and Sranfeed it 15 dil-
cover'd upon the hills by making of ditches. Afcer-
wards in Okeley-pariſh (which in winter is extream-
ly wet) it is very plainly trac'd. Had not the civil
x1 wars prevented, we might before this time have had
2 more diſtin& account of it : for Thomas Earl of
Arundel and Surrey, had made ſome attempts towards
the exact diſcovery of its remains, tracing it from
Arundel through all the deep country of Suſſex j bue
the wars coming on, hinder'd his further progrel.
a] To go along with our Author ; the river He,
which the Thames receives, brings in great profits to
that part of the County; being made navigable by
the induſtry (among others) of that worthy Knight
Sir Richard Weſton late of Sutten-place z to whom the
whole Shire is oblig'd as for this, fo tor ſeveral other
improvements, particularly Clover and Saintfoine.
; b ] This river paſſes by Gu/dford, (famous here.
irs. tofore tor clothing and Clothiers) which has given
the Church of England ſince the Reformation two
famous Prelates, George and Robert Abbot : the one,
Archbiſhop of Canterbury, who founded here avery |
TIONS to SUTH-REY.
is now at laſt out of that line, by the death of the late
Sir Lawrence Staughton, Baronet, a young Gentleman
of great ho
About 2 miles eaſtward from Guildford is Clandon- Clandon;
place, the ſeat of the honourable Sir Richard Onſlow Ba-
ronet, deſcended from Onſlow of Onſlow-ball in Shrop-
ſhire, an ancient Gentleman's family. Their firſt ſee-
tlement in this County was at Knowle in Crandley ;
thence they removed to Clandon-place, being plea-
lantly ſituate on the edge of Clandon downe ; from
whence is a goodly profpet into ten ſeveral Coun-
ties,” Tis well ſhaded with wood, ar.d ſupply*d withgood
water, and is daily improv'd by the preſent poſſeſſor.
Not far from hence is Pirford, ſituate on the river Pirford:
Wye, enclosd with a pleaſant Park well wooded, to
which belongs large Royalties, Fiſh-ponds, and a de-
lightful Decoy ; now the ſeat of Denzell Onſlow Ela;
the youngeſt ſon of Sir Richard Onſlow late of Clandon-
lace.
[c] Aboutthe entring of this river into the Thames,
is Orelands, which was(as our Author obſerves) a royal Orclands,
village, or a retiring place for the Kings; but now is
fo decay'd, that it hardly bears the figure of a good
Farmhouſe ; being demolith'd in the late Civil Wars.
Not far from hence, upon the Thames, is Walton +, Walton,
in which Pariſh is a great Camp of about 12 Acres, f 44b-MS.
ſingle work, and oblong. There is aroad lies thro'
the other, that learned Biſhop of Salisbury, his bro-
cher. They were both ſons cf a Clothier ; and had
a brother Sir Maurice Abbot,who was Lord Mayor of
London, at the ſame time when they were Biſhops.
Upon which trade this obſervation has been made,
That ſeveral of the molt eminent families among the
Nobility in chis nation have had their riſe from ir.
Here is a curious Free-ichool tounded b King Ed-
ward 6 ; to which (as alſo to Baliol-College in Ox-
ford) one Hammond was a great BenelaQor. This
place has given the ticle of Counteſsto Ehzabetb Vil-
fine Hoſpital, and lies bury'd in Trinity-Church ;| ic, and 'tis not improbable that J#alton takes its name
| from this remarkable Yallum.
. [d ] Our next river is Mole; at ſome diſtance from
which, to the ſouth, lies Okeley, where is a certain Okelev,
cuſtom obſerv'd time out of mind, of planting Roſe-
trees upon the graves, eſpecially of the young men
and maids, who have loſt their lovers; fo that this
Churchyard is now full of them. *Tis the more re-
markable, becauſe we may obſerve it anciently us'd
both among the Greeks and Romans ; who were ſo
very religious in it, that we tind it often annex'd asa
Codicil to their Wills, (as appears by an old Inſcri-
countels of Keynelmeaky in Ireland, and that of Earl to
John Maitland, Duke and Earl of Lauderdale. _ |
Near Guildford, upon the river Wye, is the Friery,
the ſeat of Deniel Colwall Eſquire, adjoyningto which
is a delightful Pack.
"*_ Spnntking nearer the Thames 1s Staug bton, the
' ſeat of a family of that name, whoſe Pe is
ption at Ravenna, and another at M:lan,) by which
they order'd Roles to be yearly ſ{trew'd and planted
upon their graves. Hence that of * Propertius, Et re- * L.1. Eleg,
nerd poneret ofſa roſa. And old Anacreon ſpeaking of it, *
hys, chat . on ape 3 duwiew, protect the _
| e e of Suſſex is Okewood, (all that —_
Veg Sauce but one caentinu'd wood of Ofks, ) ry
probably as ancient as any in this County. Bur it
| where ſtands a defolate Chapel of Eaſe to five large
L | Pariſhes,
|
—
"REGNT
__—_.
' pretence of its being a Chantry for the maintenance
Abinger.
. and this rubbiſh was thrown out of chat
Albury.
folk, is daily adding
St. Martha's
Chapel.
Bcechworth (gut (as our Author obſerves) of the Browns. © But
Decpden.
Pariſhes, three in Swrrey, and two in Suſſex, buile by
one Edward de la Hole, as appears by a monument of
the pious Donor,who dy'd 1431. andlies here buried.
The revenues that of right belong toit are above 2p0/.
per An. out of which there is not allowed above 20
Nobles to a man who now and then reads Prayers to
them, It is fo much the more deplorable, becaute the
alienation long fince appears to have been made
through a miſtake ; for 'twas done in Q; Elizabeth's
time by virtue of an Inquiſition unjuſtly taken, upon
of a Mak prieſt to pray for the ſoul of the Founder.
Whereas, really, it was built and endow'd for no other
uſe but a Chapel of Eaſe only, to inſtru che people of
the adjoyning Pariſhes, at too great a diſtance trom |
their own Pariſh-Churches. Near this place are certain
Pits, out of which Jett has been ſometimes digg'd.
But to return towards the north ; at the head of a
river which runs into the Wye near Guildford, is Abin-
ger 3 near the Church yard whereof is a heap or
mount caſt up, which ſome imagine to have been a
ſmall fortreſs rais'd by the Danes or Saxons. But to
cure that miſtake, it's plain enough 'twas done by
neither ; but by che neighbouring people, whom
the high grounds on which they live put under a ne-
ceſlity of contriving a pond to water their cattel ;
pony.
The foremention'd river riſing out of a hill here-
abouts, runs to Albury, which (when but a mean ſtru-
ure) was yet the delight of that excellent perſon
Thomas Earl of Arundel, a great lover af Antiquities;
who purchaſing this place of the Randy/ls, made it his
darling. Heary his grandſon, Duke of Norfolk, had
no leſs affe&ion for it: he began there a magnificent
Pile, cut a Canal, planted ſpacious Gardgns and Vine-
yards, adorn'd with Fountains, Grots, &c. But what
15 above all ſingular and remarkable, is, att Hypog cum
ar Perforation made through a mighty hill, and large
enough at one end for a coach to pals, being about a |
furlong or more in length, and fo leads ofer into an
a le and pleaſant valley. It was at firſt intended
for a way up tothe houſe, but a rock at the fouth-end
hinder'd that deſign. This noble ſtat is encloy'd
with a park,' and much improv'd by the honourable
Finch Elqz late Sollicieor-General, who having
'd it of the father of the preſent Duke of Nor-
to its beauty.
Nar is thts place lefs celebrated for that famous
Mathematician Waliem Oughtred, who livd and dy'd
Rear of this Pariſh. |
; At alice diſtance from hence is Sr. Martha's Cha-
l,: ſeated conſpicuouſly en a copp'd mountain.
his ſeems to have been thrown up by fome fiery
Eruption or Yulcene, as ſeveral other fuch Elevations
towards the edge of Swſſex confirm. _ DR»
Beneath this hill is Chilworrb, the' ſear of —_
- Randyt-Elq; owner of the molt conſiderable Powder-
works ( brought firft into England by George Evelyn
-) and beſt Hop gardensin England.
ot far off is Tower-bill, the ſeat of Edward Bray
Eſq; of a very ancient and honourable family.
[e] Returning to the Mole, we fee Beechworth, the
en OI
now that name, after a long ſeries of Knights, is at
laſt extinguiſh'd in a daughter. *Tis at the foot of
the Caftle here, that the river Mole, bending to the
precipice of Box-hill, is ſwallow'd up.
Between Beechworth and Darking ftands Deepden,
the ſituation whereof is ſomewhat ſurpriſing, by rea
fon of the riſings and uniform accliwities about it ;
which naturally reſemble a Roman Amphitheatre,
or rather indeed a Theatre : it is open at the north-
end, and is of an oval form. Now it is moſt inge-
niouſly caft, and improv'd into gardens, vineyards,
and other plantations, both on the Ares below, and
ſides of the environing hills : with frequent grotts
here and there beneath the terraces, leading to the
top; from whence ene has a fair proſpe&t of that
of Surrey, and of 8»ſſex,as far as the South-downs,
r near 3o miles out-right.
Howard, Uncle to the
'Fhe rable Charles
Duke of Norfolk, and | One
Going along Holmeſ/dsle (which extends it ſelf to
the foot of that ledgs of Mountains which ſtretch and
link themſclves from the utmoſt pronontory of Kent
to the Lands end,) we have ont
time they carry with great labour as far as the mid-
dle of Sullex ; as they bring of the ſame material from
che oppoſite hills by the fea-coaft of that County :
2fid theſe two being mingi'd together, are burnt into
lime for the enriching of their grounds. Here are
likewiſe dug up cockle-ſhells, and other Luſws nature,
with pyrites, bedded an incredible depth «within the
bowels of che mountains, upon which many Yew-
trees grow ſpontaneouſly, tho? of late they are much
diminilh'd, and their places taken up with corn.
Not far from the bottom of this hill, ſtands an anci-
gliding thro* the meadows,adorn'd wich gentle riſings,
and woods which as it were encompaſs it. And thele,
together with the gardens, fountains, and other horts-
lane ornaments, have given it a place and name a-
monegſt the moſt agreeable feats. Ir is at preſent (with
many fair Lordſhips abont it) the poſſeſfien of that
worthy and hoſpitable Gentleman, George Evelyn Elq;
who having ſerv'd in many Parliaments from 1641. is
perhaps the moſt ancient member thereof now living.
In opening the ground of the Church: yard of or.
ton,to enlarge a Vault belonging co Mr. Evelyn's fami-
ly, they met with a skele:on which was 9 faot and 3
inches long, as the worthy Mr. Jobn Evehn had icat-
teſted by 3n ancient and underſtanding man then pre-
fent and ſtill living, (who accurately meaſur'd it, and
mark'd the length on a pole,) with other workmen,
who affirm the ſame. They found iclying in full length
betwgen wo boards of che coffin ; and fo mealur'd ic
before they had dilcompos'd the banes. But trying to
take it-our, it fell all co pieces ; for which reaſon they
flang it amongft the reſt of the rubbiſh, after they had
ſeparately meaſur'd ſeveral of rhe morefalid bongs.
Hereabouts is a thing remarkable, cho' bat little ta-
ken notice of ;'1 mean, that gaodly profſpeR from the
top of Lirb-bi8, which from FWortor rifes almoſt infen-
ſibly for 2 or 3 miles foyth ; hut then has a declivity
almoſt as far as Hqrſbar in Suſſex,8 miles diftant. From
hence it is, one may fee,ina clear day,che goodly Vale
and conſequently the whole ynny of Sues, as far as
the Soutb-downs,and even beyond thenr to the ſea; the
entire County of Surrey,part of Hambire, Rarkſbire,Ox-
fordfhire, Bucking hamſhire, and Hertfordſhire ; as allo of
Middleſex, Rent and Eſſex: and farcher yet (asis believ'd)
into Wiletrs c. could one well diſtinguith 'em with-
out the aid of a Teleſcope. The whole circumference
cannot be leſs than 200 miles, far exceeding that of the
Keep at Windſor, over. which (as alſo over the City of
London 2x mites diſtant) one ſees as far as the eye,un-
arm'd with mm apa able to diſtinguiſh land fromsky.
The like,l chink, is not ro be found in any part of En-
gland, or perhaps Eurepe beſides: and the reaſan why
it is not more obſerv'd, is, partly its lying quite out of
_ road, and partly its riling ſo gently, and making
ſo little ſhow till one is got tothe very top of it: from
the ſide thereof a great part of the brow is flidden
down into the grounds below,caus'd by adelf of ſtones
dug out of the ſides of the mountain ; and the bare
places (from whence the earth is parted) being of a
reddiſh colour, plainly appear above 4o miles off.
for a very large Camp in that Pariſh, near Homebury-
b;fl, and not far from the road between Darking and
Arundel. It is double trench'd and deep, containing
by eſtimation about 10 acres at leaſt.
it ſpreads itſelf fo very wide, as to require a bridge of
a great many arches and a ſtately fabrick, parcty of
ſtone, and tyles laid flat upon one another.
[ Þ Not far from the place where this river en-
ters
on a gravelly hill near the road, was a
of the Romans. 'Here are often
pieces of Urns, which lye about two foot deep.
culacly was diſcover'd about 1670. of 2
Lord of half the mannour of Darking, is ſokly catirhd*
to this ingenious Gontrivance.
Kind of amber-colour, filt4 up half way with
black aſhes, and at the bottom ſomething me
| coal
e right hand Whiue- vw...
down, where is a valt Delf of chalk, which in ſummer ©»:
ent ſ:at of the Ewelyns of Worron,among ſeveral fireams Worn,
Burt here we mult not forget Darking, memorable puiiy
[ f ] Where the Mole comes from under groynd, ws: in
Thames, is King on, * eaſt from which, up- kings
ing-place * 4
' found Urns and yi
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coarſe hair, as if ir had been laid there betore.
At a lictie diſtance from the Thames,we ſec Combe-
Newil, a ſeat of the Harveys, where have been found
Medals and Coins of ſeveral of the Roman Emperors,
eſpecially of Diocleſian, the Maximinians, Maxim,
Conſtantine the Great, CC.
h ] Not far from whence is Nene-ſuch, ſo much
magnity'd by our Author for it's curious ſtructure ;
but now there's nothing of all this to be ſeen, ſcarce
one ſtone being left upon another ; which havock is
owing to the. late Civil Wars.
[ i ] To the north-eaſt is Beddingron, where not
only the Orchards and Gardens in general ( as our
Author has obſerv'd,) but partieularly its Orange-rrees,
deſerve our mention. They- have now been grow-
ing there more than.a hundred years, and are plant-
ed in the open ground, under a moveable Covert
during the winter-months. *They were the firſt char
were brought into England by a Knight of that no-
ble family ; who deſerves no lefs commendation than
Lucullus met with for bringing cherry and hlbert-
trees Out of Pontus into Ttaly : tor which we find him
celebrated by Pliny and others.
Next is Aſb5ted, where the honourable Sir Robert
Howard ( brother to the Earl of Barkſhire) has en-
cloſed a fair new houſe within a park, laid out and
planted the fields, paſtures, and arabies about it in
tuch order and with ſo great improvements, as to |
make it vye with the moſt confiderable dry-leats in
this County. There was near it, formerly, a mean
deca'd farm-houſe ; yer for the wholſome air breath-
ing from the hills, it was often reſorted to by Thomas
Earl of Arundel and Surrey, of whoſe grandion ( fa-
ther of the preſent Duke of Norfolk ) Sir Robert pur-
chas'd it.
,.. Ar ſome diſtance from hence, is Woodcote, a plea-
{int feat among groves, much adorn'd by the widow
Evelyn lately deceas'd ; to which belong thoſe me-
dicinal Wells, that rife in the adjoyning Common.
They are tinctur'd with Allom, and of late years are
in ſo much repute, as to occaſion a very great in-
creaſe of buildings in the pariſh of Epſozs for the re-
ception and entertainment of ſuch as reſort hicher
for the ſake of the Spaws, with the diverſjon of the
Downs hard by.
Near the Thames, and ſouth of London, lyes Dull-
wich, where William 4llen (lometime a famons Co-
median) in King James 1.'s time ereted and en-
dow'd a pretty College and a fair Chapel for 6 poor
men, bd as many poor women ; with a ſchool for
the education of 12 children. Here are alſo Medi-
cinal Springs call d Sidnam-wells, as likewiſe there are
at Streetebam, both of them frequented in their pro-
per ſcaſons.
ik. Northward from hence is South-wark, where is one
thing of note ; the Grant of S. Mary Overies Church
to the Church-wardens and their Succeſlors for ever,
together with the Tiches, to provide two Chaplains
at their pleaſure, who are neither preſented nor en-
dowed ; and thus it differs from all other Churches
in England.
|
Here lye bury'd the learned Biſhop Andrews, and
our famous Englith Poet Gower. A very ampie and
ancient palace with fair gardens, belonging ro the
Biſhops of Wincheſter, is now converted into Te-
nements.
And here in the cloſe, we muſt not omir the men-'
tion of one who was a general Beneia&tor to the
whole —_ His name was Smrth, once a Silver-
ſmith in L » bur did nor follow that trade long.
He afterwards went a begging for many years, and
was commonly call'd Dog-Smizb, becaufe he had a
Dog always follow'd him. When he dy'd, he lefe a
very great Eftate in the hands of Truſtees upon a
pane account of Charity, and more particularly
or Surrey. After they had made a conſiderable im-
provement of the eltare, and purchasd ſeveral Farms,
they ſerel'd go }. per An. or thereabours upon every
market-rown in Surrey, or gave 1000 /. in money.
Upon every Pariſh, _— one or two, they ſert]'d
a yearly revenue ; upon ſome 6 1. others 8. and up-
-on the reſt more or leſs, as they thought convenient.
Bur this Charity was nor limited to Swrrey, bur left
to the Truſtees to extend to other places of the
kingdom, as they found occafion ; and 1o the revenue
is greater out of this County than what is paid in it.
Continuation of the EARLS.
From that Thomas, whom Richard 4. made Earl
of Surrey, there were three of the ſame name and
family who ſucceflively enjoy'd this Honour ; the
laſt whereof dying 1646. was ſucceeded by Henry
his fon, and Henry by his fon Thomas ; from whom
it went to Henry his brother.
Plants growing wild in Surrey.
Aria Theophraſti Ger. See the Synonymes in Somer-
ſetſhire. The white Beame tree, or mountain Service tree.
About Croyden. Park. 1421. Common in the Copſcs
near the Downs.
Acorus verus ſive Calamus Officinarum Park. Ve-
rus, five Calamus aromaticus Officinarum C. B. Verus,
| Officinis talso Calamus Ger. Calamus aromaticus vul-
garis, multis Acorum F. B. The fweet ſmelling Flag or
Calamus. Found by Dr. Brown of Magdalen Coll. Oxon.
about Hedley in this County.
Buxus arbor. The Box tree. On Box hill near Darking
thence denominated, plentifully.
Dentaria major Matthiolo Ger. Orobanche radice
centata major. C. B. radice dentata, ſeu Dentaria
major Matthiolo Park. Anblatum Cordi five Aphyl-
lon F. B. The greater Toothwort. Thomas Williſel!
ſhew'd it me in a ſhady lane not far from Darking in thus
County growing plentifully.
Rapunculus corniculatus montanus. See the Synony-
mes in Hampſhi:e Cat, Horned mountain Rampion with
a round bead of flowers. On many places of the Downs.
Vicia Lathyroides noſtras, ſeu Lathyrus Vicizfor-
mis. Chichling Vetch. Found by Tho. Williſell im Peckham
field on the back of Southwark, im a ſqualid watery place.
\ 0h, &
NDER Suth-rey lies Suth-ſex towards
the ſouth, extending it ſelf into a great
length; in ancient times the ſeac of
the Regni, and calld in Saxon SuS-rex,
now Suſſex, as much as to ſay, the
Country of the South-Saxons. A word
compounded of it's Southerly ſituation, and of the Sa-
xs, who in the Heptarchy, plac'd here the ſecond
*\ngdom. Ir lies all on the fouth-ſide, upon the Bri-
tiſh Ocean, with a ſtreight ſhore, as it were, more
n length than breadth ; but has but few Ports, the
a being very dangerous by reafon of it's Shelves and
Sands, which make it rough ; and the ſhore is full
—
high
of a fr
SE: A
of Rocks '. The ſea-coaſt of this country has very
chalky ſoil, are upon that account very fruit-
ful. The middle-part being checquer'd with mea-
dows, paſtures, corn-fields,' and groves, makes a very
fine ſhow. The hithermoſt and northern-ſide, 1s
ſhaded moſt pleaſantly with woods, as anciently the
whole Country was [ a ], which made ic unpallzble.
For the © Wood Andradſwald, in Britiſh Coid Andred, ,,..: 1,
ſo nam'd from Anderida the next adjoyning city, took (yiva.
up in this quarter 120 miles in length, and 3o in
breadch ; memorable for the death of Sigebert a King
of the Welt-Saxons ; who being depos'd, * was here
—
« It is nowcall'd the #-i{dz, or W.14.
d In a place call'd Pryfetes flodan. Ahelwerd, I. 2. C. 17+
t Ard the Southern: wind 2th tyrannize there, caſting up beach infawrely.
ſtabb'd
een Hills, calld the Downs, which conſiſting ns.
/
—
_ —
—
to 210% th © AGE BET ES LH COT TOE Us i GO RD es. Dong I: or tes In,
We IE» 2-4 wo ned "gee
= TR E— OT er een
ſtabb'd to death by a Swine-herd. It has many little
rivers ; but thoſe that come from the north-tide ot
the County, preſently bend their courſe to the fea,
and are theretore unable to carry veſſels of burden.
It is full of Iron-mines everywhere ; for the caſting
of which, there are Furnaces up and down the Coun-
try ; and abundance of wood is yearly ſpent ; many
ſtreams are drawn into one chanel, and a great deal
of meadow-ground is turned into Ponds and Pools,
for the driving ot Mills by the * flaſhes ; which bearing
with hammers upon the iron, fill the neighbourhood
round about, night and day, wich their noiſe. Bur
the iron here wrought is not everywhere of the ſame
goodnehs, yet generally more briede than che Spanith ;
whether it be from it's nature, or tincture and tem-
per. Nevertheleſs, the Proprietors of the mines, by
caſting ot Cannon and other things, get a great deal
of money. But whether che nation is'any ways ad-
vantag'd by them, is a doubt the next age will be
better able to refolve. Neither doth this County
want Glaſs-bouſes ; but the glaſs here made (by reaſon
of the matter or making, I know not which) 1s not
ſo clear and tranſparent ; and therefore only usd by
the ordinary fort of people | b ].
This whole County, as to it's Civil partition, 1s
divided into 6 parts, which by a peculiar term they
call Rapes, that is, of Chicheſter, Arundell, Brembre,
Lewes, Pevenſey, and Haſtings : every one of which,
beſides their Hundreds, has a Caſtle, River, and
Foreſt of it's own. But © forafmuch as I have lictle
knowledge of the limits within which they are
bounded, I deſign to take my way along the ſhore,
from welt to ealt : for the inner parts ſcatter'd here
and there with villages, have ſcarce any thing worth
mentioning. In the very confines of Hamſhire and
this County (tands Boſenbam, commonly call'd Boſe-
ham, environ'd round about with woods and the ſea
together ; where, as Bede faith, D:icul a Scotch Monk
had a very ſmall Cell, and 5 or 6 Brothers, living
poorly, and ſerving God : which was a long time at-
ter converted into a private retreat for K. Harold.
From which place as he once in a little Pinnace made
to ſea for his recreation, he was by a ſudden turn of
the wind driven upon the coaſt of France, and there
detain'd till he had by oath aſfſur*'d the Kingdom of
England unto William of Normandy ater the death
of K. Edw. the Confeſſor; by which means he pre-
ſently drew upon himfelf his own ruin, and the
kingdom's overthrow. But with what a ſubtle dou-
ble meaning that cunning catcher of ſyllables, Godwin
Earl of Kent, this Harold's Father, got this place,
and deluded the Archbiſhop by caprious wreftings
of letters, Walter Mapes, who livd not many years
aſter, ſhall in his own very words inform you, out
of his book de Nug « Curialium. The Boleham under-
neath Chicheſter (lays he) Godwin ſaw, and had a
mind to; and being accompanied with a preat train of
Lords, comes ſmiling and jeſt ing to the Archbiſhop of Cam
terbury, whoſe town it\ thes was; My Lord, ſays he,
give me * Boſeam. The Archbiſhop wondring what he
demanded by that queſtion, I give you, ſays be, Boleam.
He preſently, with hu company of Knights and Soldiers,
fell doxun ( as he had before deſign'd) at bs feet, and kiſ-
ſing them, with a world of thanks, retires ro Boſeham,
and by force of arms kept poſſeſſion as Lord of it 5; and ha-
wing bis followers as Witneſſes to back him, gave the Arch
biſhop a great many commendations as the Donor, in the
King's preſence, and ſo beld it peaceably. Afterwards, as
we read in Teſta de Newil, ( which was an Inquiſition
of lands made in K. John's time ) King William who
; >. conquer'd England, gave this to William Fitz.-
ucher, and bis heirs m fee-farm, paying out of it yearly
into the Exchequer 4.0 pound. of ſilver * try'd and weigh'd,
and. afterwards William Marſhall held it as his inhe-
ritance.
Chicheſter, in Britiſh Caercei, in Saxon Cifran-
Iron.
® So 1t11-
peru.
Boſcham.
Earl God-
win's dou-
ble mean-
ng.
* Alluding
rhaps ro
jalum, a
Kiſs, in
rimes paſt
us'd in do-
ing ho-
Rage.
Chicheſter.
_——— —
firſt Saxon that here ereted a kingdom. Yet before
the Norman conquelt it was of little reputation, no-
ted only for St. Peter's Monaſlery, and a little Nun-
nery. But in the reign of William 1. ( as appears by
Domeſday book ) there were in it 100 Hagz, and it
was in the hands of Earl Roger t ; and there are in the + D: 14,
ſaid place 60 houſes more than there were before : It paid Ger
I5 pound to the King, and 10 to the Earl. Afterwards, Moneps
when in the reign of the ſaid William 1. it was or-
dain'd, that the Biſhops Sees ſhould be tranſlated ot
of little towns to places of greater note and reſort,
this city being honour'd with the Biſhop's reſidence
( which was before at Se//ey} h2gan ro flouriſh. Not
many years after, Biſhop Ralph built there a Cathe.
dral Church, which (before it was fully finiſh'd) was
by a caſual fire 1:9denly burnt down. Notwith-
ſtanding, by his endeavours, and K. Hen. 1's libera-
lity, it was raiſed up again ; and now, befides the
Biſhop, has a Dean, a Chauntrer, a Chancellor, a
Treaſurer, 2 Archdeacons, and 30 Prebendaries. Ar
the fame time the city began to flouriſh ; and had
certainly been much frequented and very rich, had
not the haven been a little coo far off, and lefs com-
modious ; which nevertheleſs the citizens are about
making more convenient by digging a new canal. It
is walld about in a circular form, and is wafh'd on
every ſide, except the north, by the * lictle river La-
vant, having 4 gates opening to the 4 quarters of the
world, from whence the ſtreets lead direaly, and
run croſs .in the middle; where the market is kept,
and where Biſhop Robert Read built a fine ſtone
Piazza. As for the caſtle, which ſtood not far from
the north gate, it was anciently the ſeat of the Earls
of Arundel, who from hence wrote themſelves Earls
of Chicheſter ; but was afrerwards converted to a x,;
Convent of Francifcans. All that ſpace that lies be- Circ
eween the weſt and fouth gates, is taken up with
the Cathedral Church, Biſhop's palace, and/ the Dean
and Prebendaries houſes : which, about K. Rich. 1.s
time, were again burnt down ; and Seffrid, 2d. Biſhop
of that name, re-edify'd them *. The Church it ſelf, in-
deed, is not great, but neat, and has a very high ſtone
ſpire ; and on part of the fouth-ſide of the Church,
the hiſtory of it's foundation is curiouſly painted, as
alſo the pictures of the Kings of England ; on the
other part are the pictures of” all the Biſhops as well
of Selſey as of Chicheſter ; all at the charge of Biſhop
Robert Shirburne, who beautify'd this Church very
much, and has his Motto ſet up everywhere Credite
operibus, and Dilexi decorem domus tuz, Domine *. But
that great tower which ſtands near the weſt-ſide of
the Church, was built by R. Riman, as 'tis reported
(upon his being prohibited the building a Caſtle at
Aplederham hard by, where he liv'd ) with thoſe very
To he had beforehand provided for the Ca-
e*}c }:
Selſey before mention'd, in Saxon Sealf-ey, that Sei
is, as Bede interprets it, the Iſle of Sea-Calves, (which
we in our language call Seales, a creature that always gals
makes to iſlands and ſhores to bring forth it's young + ) He*7
ſtands a little lower. A place (as Bede ſays) compaſs'd Cocks
round about with the ſea, unleſs on the weit-ſide, where it
has an entry into it of about | a ſtones throw over. It con- +75
tain'd 87 families, when Edinwalch K. of this Pro-'**
vince gave it to Wilfrid Biſhop of York, being then
in exile ; who firſt preach'd the Goſpel here, and, as
he writes, not only ſav'd from the bondage of the Devi! Sas
250 bondmen by baptiſm, but alſo by giumg freedom de-
liver'd them from ſlavery under man. Afterwards King
Cedwalla, who conquer'd Edilwalch, founded here
a Monaſtery, and honour'd it with an Epiſcopal See,
ceajcep, in Latin Cice/#rza, ſtands in a Plain farther
which by Stigand, the 22d. Biſhop, was tranſlated to
« In the Map the Rapes are now duely diſtinguiſh'd and divided.
ver's ſtream is very unaccauntable, iomerimes
run very violently. # The Dcan hath now no heule.
* Neither he only adorn'd the Lord's houſe, but repair'd alſo the Biſhop”;
montments of the Church te/tifie ) 41a the firſt foonder 'of the kingdom ef Stth-ſex arrived.
be” by Los; Pers,
4 See in Wiltſhire, under the title Old Salis bury.
ing quite dry, but at other times, and that very often roo in the midit of Summer, ir is ſo full as to
8 Bzlides the Cariedral, there are within the walls 5 ſmall Churches,
—_ — — — ——
« The courſe of this ri-
; Near the baven of Chicheſter is W. Witering, where ( as tht
+ But now it s mot famous for good Cockles and
Chicheſter,
ho::ſes.
CUSSEMR.
Chicheſter, where it now flouriſhes, and owns Ced- | Gia whole Rape of Arundel, to hold of him by the ſer-
walla for it's Founder. In this Ifle there are ſome ob- | vice of 84 Knighis fees and an half : and to his fon
{cure remains of that ancient little city, in which | Wilkam King Richard I. gramed in lome ſuch words
choſe Biſhops reſided, cover'd at high water , bur | as theſe, Arundel Caſtle, rogerher with the whole honour of mor of %:
plainly viſible at low water. Arundel, and the third penny of the Pleas out of Suſſex, wks.”
Beyond Selſey, the ſhore breaks, and makes way | whereof he s Earl. And when, after the fourth Earl
for a river that runs down out of St. Leonard s Fore#t, | of this Sirname, tlic iſſue male failed, one of the i- 5-* ar rn
by Amberley, where William Read Biſhop of C5;- | ſters and heirs of Hugh the fourth Earl, was marry'd res
cheer, in the reign of Edw. 3. built a caſtle for his | to Jobs Firz-Alan Lord of Clun, whoſe great grand-
ſucceſſors ; and then by Arundel, ſeated on the fide | fon Richard , pon account of hw being ſeized of rhe Chartz An-
of a hill, a place more perhaps talk'd of than it de- | Caſtle, Honour and Lordſhips of Arundel in bis own demeſ# of 19, ©
ſerves [d |; nor is it indeed very ancient, for I have | as of Fee, in regard of this his poſſeſſion of the ſame Ca-
not ſo much as read ir's name betore K. Altred's time, | le, Honour and Lordſhips, and without any other conſude-
who gave it in his Will to Athelm his brother's fon. | ration, or creation to be an Earl, was Earl of Arundel, Parl. it.
Unleſs 1 ſhould believe it corruptly call'd Porras Ad- | and the Name, State and Honour of the Earl of Arundel, ** ©
urni, by a tranſpoſition of letters, for Porrus Arundj. | SCC. peaceably emjoy'd, as appears by a definitive Judg-
The etymology of this name is neither to be terch'd | ment int Parliament in favour of Fobn Fitz-Alar
from Bevoſias's Romantick horſe, nor from Charudwn | challenging the Caſtle and Title of Arundel 5, againſt
a promontory in Denmark, as Goropius Becanus | John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, the right heir by hit
dream'd ;, but from a vale lying along the River Arun; | mother in the neareſt degree. From whence we gather,
in caſe Arun be the name of the river, as fome have | That rhe Name, State, and Dignity of an Earl was an-
told us, who upon that account nam'd it Arwntina | nex'd to the Caſtle, Honour and Lordſbip of Arundel, as
vallis. But all it's fame is owing to the Caſtle, which | may be ſeen in the Parliament-Rolls, An. 27 Hen. 6.
flouriſh'd under the Saxon Government, and was, as | out of which I have copy'd theſe notes word for
we read, preſently after the coming in of the Nor- | word. Of theſe Firz-A4lanss5,the r1thliv'd in our time,
mans, repair'd by Roger Montgomery, thereupon {til'd and dying without iſſue male, was ſucceeded by
Earl of Arundel. For, it is by it's ſituation contriv'd | Philip Howard his grandſon by his daughter, who
large, and well ſtrengchen'd with works. But his | not being able to digeſt wrongs and hard meaſure
ſon Robert Beleſme, who ſucceeded his brother | (put upon him by the cunning cricks of ſome invidi-
Hugh, was outlaw'd by K. Hen. 1. and loſt that and | ous perſons) fell into the ſnare they had laid for him,
all his other honours. For breaking into a perfidi- | and being —_— into the utmoſt danger of his life,
ous Rebellion againſt him, he choſe this caſtle for | dy'd. But his ſon Thomas, a moſt honourable young
the ſeat of war, and ſtrongly fortify'd it; but had no | Gentleman, ennobled with a fervent deſire and pur-
better ſucceſs than what is generally the ifſue of Trea- | ſuit after virtue and glory, worthy his great birth,
ſon : for the King's forces ſurrounding it, at length | and of an affable obliging temper, was reſtor'd by
rook it, Upon this Robert's ouclawry and banith- | King James, and had all his father's honours return'd
ment, the King gave the caſtle, and the reſt of his | him by A& of Parliament.
eſtate,to Adzlize daughter of Godfrey (firnam'd|| Bar-| Except the Caſtle and it's Earls, Arundel hath
batus, of Lowaine, Duke of Lorrain andBrabant) his | nothing memorable ; for the College that there flou-
ſecond Queen, for her Dower. In whoſe commen: | riſt'd, and had the Earls for it's founders, (it's reve-
dation a * certain Engliſh-man wrote theſe verſes, in- | nues being alienated ) now fallstodecay. Neverthe-
genious enough for that unlearned age. leſs there are ſome monuments of the Earls in the
Church ; amongſt the reſt one of Alabaſter, very fair
Anglorum Regina, tuos, Adeliza, decores and noble, in which (in the middle of the Quire) lie
Ipſa referre parans Muſa, ftupore riget. Earl Thomas, and Beatrix his Wite, 24 Daughter of
Quid Diadema tibi pulcherrima ? Quid tibi Gemma ? | Fohn King of Portugal. Neither muſt I pals by this
Pallet Geſhma tibt, nec Diaderna nitet. Inſcription very beautifully gilt, ſer up here, to the
Deme tibi cultus, cultum natura mmiſtrat : honour of Henry Frz-Alan the laſt Earl of this Line;
Non * exornari forma beata poteſt. ſince ſome poflibly may be pleas'd with it.
Ornamenta cave, nec quicquam luminis mae
Accipis, illa micant lumme clara tuo. VIRTUTI ET HONORI SACRUM.
Non puduit modicas de magnis dicere landes, |
Nec pudeat Dominam, te, precor, eſſe meam. ' MAGNANIMUS HEROS, CUJUS HIC CER-
When Adzliz.a's name ſhould grace my long, NITUR EFFIGIES, CUJUSQUE HIC SUBTER
A ſudden wonder ſtops the Mule's tongue. SITA SUNT OSSA, HUJUS TERRITORII CO-
Your Crown and Jewels, if compar'd to you, MES FUIT : SUI GENERIS AB ALANI FILIO
How poor your Crown, how pale your Jewels ſhow :! | COGNOMINATUS, A MALATRAVERSO,
Take off your robes, your rich attire remove ; CLUNENSI, ET OSWALDESTRENSI HONO-
Such pomps will load you, but can ne'er improve. | RIBUS EXIMIIS DOMINUS INSUPER AC
In vain your coſtly ornaments are worn, BARO NUNCUPATUS : GARTERIANI OR-
You they obſcure, while others they adorn. DINIS EQUESTRIS SANE NOBILISSIMI SO-
Ah ! what new luſtre can thole crifes give, DALIS M VIXIT , ANTIQUESIMUS :
Which all their beauty from your charms receive 2 | ARUNDELIX COMITIS GUILIELMI FILIUS
Thus I your lofty praiſe, your vaſt renown : UNICUS ET SUCCESSOR, OMNIUMQUE
In humble ſtrains am not aſham'd © have ſhown :Y | VIRTUTUM PARTICEPS : QUI HENRICO
Oh! be not you aſham'd my ſervices to own. VHI. EDWARDO VI. MARIEX ET ELIZABE-
THA ANGLLEX REGIBUS, A SECRETIS CON.
4. She, after the King's death, match'd with #iliam | SILIIS, VILLE QUOQUE CALESIE PREX-
9,03 * D'aubeney, Who taking part with Maud the Emprefs | FECTURAM GESSIT, ET CUM HENRICUS
% againſt King Stephen, and defending this Caſtle | REX BOLONIAM IN MORINIS OBSIDIONE
« 4. againſt him ; was in recompence for his good fer- } CINXERAT, EXERCITUS SUI MARESCAL-
Dex. Yices, by the faid Maud + Lady of the Engliſh (for LUS PRIMARIUS, DEINDE REGIS FUIT CA-
that was the title ſhe us'd,) created Earl of 4rwndel.'| MER ARIUS : EJUSQUE FILIO EDWARDO
- And her ſon King Henry 2. gave the fame Wiliam | DUM CORONARETUR MARESCALLI REG-
4 It ſcems to be Henry tiuntingdon. See his Hiſtory 1, 7. p. 218. where there is Adelida and 4delnia. Scld.
_5 By virtue of an enteil. 6 Edmund, ſecond Earl, ſon to Richard, marry'd the heir of the Earl of Strrey, and was beheaded through the ma-
/'cious fury of &. Iſabel, not lawfully convicted ; for that he oppos'd himſelf in King Edw. the 24's behalf again## her wicked practices. His ſon
Richard petition'd in Parliament to be reſtor'd to blood, lands and goods, for that his father was put to death not try d by kis Peers, according to the
Law ana Great Charter of England. Nevertheleſs, whereas the Atrai of him was confirm'd by Parliament, he was forc'd to amend his Petition ;
End upon the amendment thereof, he was reſtor'd by the King's meer grace. Richard bis foi, as his grandfather died for his Sovereign, loſt his life for + Edw. 3.
tanding againſt bis Swyerecign K. Richard 2. But Thomas his ſon more honour ably ended bis life, frog King Henry 5. walorouſly in France, and
leaving his ſiſters his heirs general. Sir John of 4rundel Lord Maltravers, bis next Coufm and Heir Male, obtain'd of K. Henr. 6. the Earldom of
Armael, as we even now declared, (See before the Earls of Surrey ) and alſo was by the | aid King for his good ſervice created Duke of Touraine. Of
the ſucceeding Earls 1 find no: ing memorable,
p NI
NI OFFICIUM GEREBAT: EIQUE SICUT
ANTEA PATRI CAMERARIUS FACTUS.
REGNANTE VERO MARIA REGINA CORO-
NATIONIS SOLENNI TEMPORE SUMMUS
CONSTITUITUR CONSTABULARIUS, DO-
MUSQUE REGIA. POSTMODUM PRAFEC-
TUS, AC CONSILII PR #SES, SICUT ET ELI-
ZABETHE REGINEZ, CUJUS SIMILITER
HOSPITIL SENESCALLUS FUIT.
ITA VIR ISTE GENERE CLARUS, PUBLICIS
BENE FUNCTIS MAGISTRATIBUS CLARIOR,
DOMI AC FORIS CLARISSIMUS, HONORE
FLORENS, LABORE FRACTUS, &TATE
CONFECTUS, POSTQUAM ZXTATIS SUX
ANNUM LXVHL ATTIGISSET , LONDINI
XXV. DIE FEBRUARII, ANNO NOSTREA SA-
LUTIS A CHRISTO MDLXXIX. PIE ET
SUAVITER IN DOMINO OBDORMIVIT.
JOANNES LUMLEY, BARO DE LUMLEY,
GENER PIENTISSIMUS, SUPREME VO-
LUNTATIS SUZ. VINDEX, SOCERO SUA-
VISSIMO,ET PATRONO OPTIMO MAGNL-
FICENTISSIME FUNERATO, NON MEMO-
RIA,QUAM IMMORTALEM SIBI MULTI-|
FARIS VIRTUTIBUS COMPARAVIT, SED
CORPORIS MORTALIS. ERGO, IN SPEM
FELICIS RESURRECTIONIS RECONDITI:
HANC ILLL EX PROPRIIS ARMATURE
STATUAM EQUESTREM PRO MUNERE
EXTREMO UBERIBUS CUM LACHRYMIS
DEV OTISSIME CONSECRAVIT.
That 1s,
Sacred to Virtue and Honour.
The Valiant Heroe, whoſe Effigies you here ſee, and
hoſe Bones are buried underneath, was Earl of theſe parts :
he had his Sirname by being the (on of Alan ; and more-
over took the honourable titles of Lord and Baron from
Maltravers, Clun, azd Oſwaldeſtre : he was Knigbt of
the Garter, and liv'd to be the Senzor of that Noble Order :
only Son to Willuam Earl of Arundel, and beir buh . of
bis Eſtate and Virtnes. He was Privy Counſellor to
Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth,
King [ and Queens | of England; Guwvernour of Calais ; and
when Bologne (a ton of the old Morini) was beſieg'd
by that King Henry, was Marſhal of the Army. He was
afterwards Lord Chamberlain to the ſaid King, and at the
Coronation of his ſon Edward, exercis'd the Office of Mar-
ſhal of England ; to which King he was Lord Chamber-
lain, as be bad been to his Father. Upon Queen Mary's
coming to the Crown, be was made High-Conſt able of
England for the Coronation, afterwards Steward of her
Houſhold, aud Preſident of the Council, which honour he
bad under Queen Elizabeth, ro whom he was likewiſe
Steward of the Heujhu!d.
Thas th perſon, noble by birth, by the honowrable diſ-
charge of Offices mere noble, and moſt of all ſo by hu great
Exploits at home and abroad ; with hu honour untainted,
bs body broken and worn out with age, im the 68. year of
bs life dy d in the Lord devoutly and comfortably, at Lon-
don, on the 25. of February, im the year of our Lord 1579.
Jobu Lumley Baron of Lumley, hu moſt dutiful and
diſcunſolate ſon im Law, and Executor, with the utmoſt
reſpett put up this Statue with his own Armour (after be had
been buried in great pomp) for the kindeſt of Fathers-
in-Law and the beſt of Patrons, as the laſt Ofice he was
able to pay bim: not to preſerve bis memory, which his
many Virtues bad made immortal ; but bis body,committed
to the ground in bopes of a joyful Reſurre&ion.
As for the River, which runs by, and has its Spring
in the Northern parts of this County, it is enlargd
by the influx of many Rivulets on both ſides ; the
molt noted of which waſhes Cowdrey, a noble ſeat of
Viſcount Mcntacute 7, and has on it's other fide Mz4d-
berſt *, proud of its Lords the Bohuns, who bear for
their Arms 4 Crs Azure im a Field Or; and trom
Ingelricus de Pubun under K. Hen. 1. fowilh'd till
Hen. 7's days, who gave in marriage the Daughter
and heir of John Bohun to Sir Dawid Owen Knight,
the natural Son of Owen Theodore | or Tudor, | With a
large inheritance. Thele Bobuns were (to nate by the p,,.. F
by the antiquity of a word now grown out of uſe) for Mm:
ſome time the Kings Spigurnels by inhericance, that is es ba,
the Sealers of his Wrus ; which Othce, together with «i. 2,
the Serjeanty of the King's Chapel, was reſigned to "=
K. Edw. 1. by John de Bolun the Son of Franco, as
we read in an old Charter made concerning that very
matter,
Next we have a ſight of Perrwor:th, which William Perrys,
D' Aubeney Earl of Arundel gave, together with a
[| largeeſtate,to Foſce/mme of Lowarn (a Brabander,Queen
Adeliza's brother, a younger ſon of Godirey Duke of
Brabant, deſcended from the ſtock of Charlemain)
upon his marriage with Agnes the only daughter and
heir of the Percies. Since which cime the poſterity »,, ,.
of that Foſceline ( having aſſumed the name of Percy, cn. |
as we ſhall cell you elſewhere ) have held it. A ta-$« x,
mily certainly very ancient and noble, which derive "un.
their deſcent from Charlemain more directly, and with 4 **
a ſeries of Anceſtors much leſs interrupted , than ei-
ther the Dukes of Lorraim or Guiſe, who ſo highly va-
lue themſelves upon that account. This Foſceline, as
[ have ſeen in a donation of his, us'd this Title :
Foſceline of Lovain, Brother of Queen Adeliz,a, Caſtellane
of Arundel.
As the ſhore gives back from the mouth of Arun ?,
near Tering, lies Offimgtons, the feat of William IWeſt Tie in
Baron De la-ware. "This of the Weſts is a noble and **%
ancient family, whoſe eſtate being much enlarg'd by
| matching, with the heirs of Cante/upe of Hempſton,
[and of Fitz- Reginald Fitz-Herbert, was adorn'd alſo
| with the title ot Baron by the heir general of the
| Lord De-l/a-ware. Haid by is a tort compalsd about Bir
with a bank rudely caſt up, where the inhabitants be- =*
lieve that Czfar intrench'd and ſortily'd his Camp.
But C:/-bury the name of the place, plainly ſhews it Cigizy
| was the work of Ciſ/a; who was the ſecond King of
this Kingdom, of the Saxon race, ſucceeding e/*/!;
his father ; and with his brother Cmen and no {mall
body of Saxons, landed on this coaſt at Cimea c.
ſhore, 1o call'd of the faid Cimen : a place which now {bu
hath loſt ic's name ; but that it was near Witrerirg,
King Cedwalla's Charter of Donation made to the
Church of Selſey, 15 a very convincing proof. There
is another fort likewiſe to be ſeen two miles from
Ci/sbury, which they commonly call Chenkbuyy.
Thertte, near the ſea, lies Brooawater, the Barony
of the Lords de Camois, who flouriſh'd here from Cnm
the time of King Edward 1. till * our Grand- 11
fathers remembrance, when by female heirs the*'"*
eſtate fell ro the Lewkenors and Radmilds, Of this
family John Camors fon of Lord Ralph Comcis (by
a preſident not to be parallel'd in that, nor cur own
age) out of bis ewn free will (1 ſpeak ftrom the Par-
liament Rolls themſcives ) gate and demiſed his coun ® Ve
wife Margaret, daugbter and heir of John de Gaideſden,
ro SirWilliam Painel Knight; and to the ſame { William] anole
voluntarily gave, granted, releaſed, and quitclaimed all the ;\, ©
goods and chattels which ſhe hath, or otherwiſe hereafter
might bave: and alſo whatſcever was in his hands of the
aforeſaid Margaret's goods and chattels with therr 65pur-
tenances. So that neither be bimſelf, ner any man «le m
his name, might claim or challerge any intereſt, ner engl:
for ever, m the aforeſaid Margatiet from henceforth, or in
the goods or chattels \ 99- faid Margaret, Which is as
much as what the Ancients faid in one: word, Ut cn:
nia ſua ſecum haberet, that ſhe ſhcu!d bave away with
her all that was hers. By veitue ct which grant,
when ſhe demanded her dowry in the m2nnour of
Torpull, an eſtate of fobn Camors her tirſt husband,
there commenc'd a memorable ſit. Fur ſhe was calt
in it, and ſentence pals'd, That ſir cwgbr ro bawe no
dewry frem thence '®9. This I mention with a fort of
1.1 TEXT 4 - . TTY
7 FEich for bailaing oweth much to the late Viſcount, and formerly to Sir William F tz-Williams,
v mward'y is Michelgrove, that is Great Grove, the heir gencral whereef ſo
Law, aud 3 marriage with ene rl
; : the C b B- dP; [ |
abſ. ning them ſclves from their oveirs of Beknap, the famyly
ibands, . &c,
of Shelk y was greatly enrich,
— —
Earl! cf Seuthamton. ? That is, Middle-weed,
ju: named, was married ts cha Sheiley wherely wth rhe pref. fron of i#t
- Upn 4 Sialuje mais againſt h omas
relutancy ;
—
FEY.
174
S U $
relutancy ; but I perceive Pope Gregory had good
reaſon to write to Archbiſhop Lanirank, that he
heard, there were fome amongſt the Scots that not
only forſook their. Wives, but fold them too ; fince
even in England they fo gave and demis'd them.
Upon the ſhore, a little lower, appears Shorebam,
anciently Scone-ham, which by little and little has
dwindled into a poor village, now call'd Old Shore-
4 ham; having given riſe to another Town of the ſame
name, the greateſt part whereof is ruin'd and under
water, and the commodiouſneſs of it's Port, by rea-
ſon of the banks of ſand caſt up at the mouth of the
river, wholly taken away : whereas in former ages
"i WN...:.;. ic was wont to carry ſhips.under fail as high as Brem-
us ber, at a pretty diſtance from the fea. This was a
caſtle formerly of the Breoſes ; for K. William 1. gave
it to Hi//;am de Breoſe, from whom the Breoſes, Lords
of Gower and Brechnock, are deſcended ; and from
them alſo the Knightly Families of che Shirleys in this
YN 4
hs Gorelam.
© Per County and Leiceſterſhire. But now inſtead of a
| ca{tle, there is nothing but a heap of ruins ; beneath
Nor which lies Srening, on fer-days a well-frequented
ink market, which in Xlfred's Will, it I miſtake not, is
l called Steyningham '* | e ].
y. 4- Thar ancient port alſo, calld Portus Adurni, as it
". ſeems, is ſcarce 3 miles off the mouth of the river,
-.m. where, when the Saxons firſt infeſted our ſeas, the
band of Exploratores under the Roman Emperors had
their Station ; but it is now choaked up with heaps
of ſand driven together. For both the name, as it
weie itill remaining entire, as alſo ſome near adjacent
cottages call'd Port/lade, that is, the Way tothe Port,
do in a manner perſuade, that this was Ederimgrton, a
lictle village which the ſaid Xlfred granted to his
younger ſon: to ſay ney how __ they might
land here, the ſhore being ſo open and plain. And
for that very reaſon, our men in the reign of Hen. 8.
waited chiefly here for the French gallies, while they
hover'd upon our Coaſts, and ſuddenly fer one or
Y two cottages on fire at Brighthelmited, which our an-
_ ceſtors term'd Bp1zÞhcealmep-Tun, the very next Sta-
tion to ir,
Some few miles from hence, a certain anonymous
river diſcharges it ſelf into the ſea, which ariſes out
ines of St. Leonard's Foreſt near Slaugbam, the habitation
hy of the Coverrs, who in K. Hen. 3.'s time flouriſh'd in
this quarter with the honour of Knighthood *
Farther along the Coaſt, but ſomewhat remote
| in regard of the bolinef, religion, and charity, which he
found in the Monaſtery of Clugny in Burgundy, (I cite
this out of the original Inſtrument of the Foundation,)
whilſt going in pilgrimage together with his wife, he
turn'd in and lodg'd there. But this is now convert-
ed to a houſe of the Earl of Dorſer's. Yet there are
6 Churches ſtill remaining in the town, amongſt
which, not far from the Caſtle, there ſtands beneath
it a little one quite deſolate, and overgrown with
bramble, in the walls whereof are engraven in arch-
ed work certain rude verſes in an obſolete Character ;
which imply, that one Magnas, deſcended of the
Blood Royal of the Danes, embracing a ſolitary life,
was there buried. But here take the verſes them-
ſelves, tho' imperfe&, and gaping, if I may fo fay,
with the zawning joynts of the itones.
DS
DO
=
- : 2
5 =
SS >|
_= =
=
Q
of of
Wo =
: T
Wy |=
Which perhaps are to be read thus :
Clauditur bic miles Danorum regia proles, ,
Magnus nomen ei, magne nota progeniet,
Deponens Magnum, prudemtior induit agnum :
Prepete pro vita fit paruulus Anachorita.
Here lies a Knight ot Denmark's royal blood,
Magnus his name, whence his great race is ſhow?'d.
Reſenin all his grandeur he became
Hermit from ſoldier, and from wolf a lamb.
———
from the ſea, ſtands Lewes, upon a riſing ground ; ta-
king its name perhaps from Paſtures, call'd by the Sa-
xons Lexpa; for largeneſs and populouſneſs, one of the
chief Towns of this County **. In the reign of Edw.
6,:» the Confeſlor, It paid ſix pounds and four ſhillings * for
"ii," Tax and Toll. The King had there 127 Burgeſſes It
was their cuſtom, if the King bad a mind to ſend his ſol-
diers to ſea without them ; that of all of them whoſeſoever
the lands were, there ſhould be collefied 20 ſhillings, and
thoſe bad it that kept the armour in the ſhips. Whoſo ſells an
borſe within the Borough, gives the Prevott one Y”,
and the buyer gives another ; for an ox or cow, @ halfpenny ;
for a man four pence, whereſoever within the Rape be
end buys. He that ſheds blood, | pays 7 ſhillmgs. He that
'** commits Adultery or a Rape, 8 ſhillings and four pence, |
and the woman as much. The King bath the Adultgrer, |
and the Archbiſhop the woman. When the money is new |
made, every Mint-maſter gives 20 ſhillings. Of all theſe
payments, two parts went to the King, and a third to the
Earl. William de Warren firſt Earl of Surrey built a
Caſtle here, at the foot whereof he dedicated a Prio- |
ry to St. Pancraſe, and fill'd it with Clumiack Monks, '
EE
ee een. AA
i; Vid. Matth. Pariſ. pag. 1350.
During the reign of the Saxons, upon Xthelſtan's
making a law, that no money ſhould be coin'd but
in towns only, he order'd there ſhould be two Mint-
ers here. Bur afterwards, in the reign of the Nor-
mans, it became famous for a bloody battel berween
King Henry 3. and the Barons 3 in which the 1263.
reclbarvns beginning of the fight on the King's bog
ſide, was the overthrow of his party. For whillt
Prince Edward the King's ſon breaking thro' ſome
of the Barons troops, careleſly purſu'd the enemy
too far, as making ſure of the victory ; the ' Barons
rallying their forces, gave a freſh charge, and fo
routed the King's army, that they compellI'd che
King to offer conditions of peace diſhonourable and
unreaſonable, and to deliver his fon Prince Edward,
with others, into their hands '?[ f]. Thence we pals
by a large lake very full of fiſh, hard by Fwrle, the ſeat
of the Gages (who advancing their eſtate by*mar-
riage with one of the heirs of the houſe of Set. Clare,
have ſince been famous) to Cuckmer, '+4 a pretty goog
haven. Then having paF'd the promontory, call
from the Beach Beachy ; the next that comes in our
—— — —— _ - —
® In latter times it had a Cell of Black Monks, wherein was enſbriwd 5t. Cudman an obſcure Saint, and viſited by Pilgrims with 0blations.
i Th : ind; ' 4
Thence by Cuckfeild to Linfeld, where, in former ager, was # mal y rg it hath been walled, there are ns apparent tokens. Southward it
biſhop: of Canterbury. '* Seated it is upm 3 riſing almoſt on every ſide
. and (o by Malling ſomerime & manmur appertaining fo the Arch-
hath wider it, as it were, 4 great ſuburb, called South-over, another weſtward, and beyond the rrver 4 third eaſtward called Cliffe, becauſe it is
wmder a cbalky Cliff. In the time of the Engliſh Saxon Government, when K. Athelftan made & Law, that mmey ſhould not be coinwd
towns, he appointed two Minters or Coiners for this place. *3 From Low
it, and therefore maketh a large mere, and u fed more full with a Brooket falling from a a ſear 0
Gline, that is in the Britiſh tongue, the Vale, the habitation of Morleys, whoſe antiquity #k |
th the low lands about it, to no ſmall detriment. "3
14 ſelf ingo a chanel, yet oftentimes it overflowe
the' it be fed with a Bk which inſulaterh Michclham, where Gilbert de
e ariſeth into ſo high a ory, called of the Beach, Beachy Points
122 of Chalk and Flins ) that it is eſteemed the higheſt Cliff
all the ſouth-coaſt of ; hberto | p l
along the coaſt, far a great breadth, mounterh up into high hills, called þ'» Downes, which for rich eg 7 pe place to few V3ll:ys and Plains ;
ſa naw it faith into ſuch a low level and marſb, that the people chink it hath been overflowed by rhe [43.
:- oh but m good
i river as it deſtendeth, ſo ſawellerh, that i tom canmt contain
pon ee oF Pata, ( « family of eſpecie reſpe ) by
name doth - And afterward, albeit it gathereth
ich yer affarderh no commodions haven,
la founded a Priory for Black Canons. And then at Ealt-bourn the
Beau Cliff ( for rhe fair ſbew bring interchangeably compounded with
England. As hitherto Fom Arundel, and b:yond, the
call it Pevenſey Marſh, of Pevenlcy..
way
a hae... Ali. tac "IM
ODD Sera —24—2> HAD GG
HR none ne
ut _—
ot, DD 4 Ar So ne oo At.
A LITE 2 S494 SS aoandG ty 06G oa oo ec. ei aan ee ae ee CE OE I IV It © > WERE SEAS OW. ee es A rt as
aecheriin Do ” > =o ——_o— a pee ney —_ none a m——_ 6
— —_—_—
.
PR IY; C— 0
175
OS WO
P-venſc Y.
F orentius
Wigorn, P-
452.
Rob. de
Monte.
1158.
Treaty bc-
twcen Hen-
ry and K.
Kephen.
The honour Honour of the Eagle. T.ong it lay in the crown, till
vo: the Ea-
glc.
gerſt, what ſtands Herft amongſt the woods, which has it's name
it ug uhcs,
— — — ——— ———— — _ «+
EG iN 2
way is Pcvfey, ancicntly Peopengea, by theNor ; army, they, as they had before agreed, retreated,
mans call'd Pcwer{cl, but commenly Pipſey ; a caſtle | but kept their ranks in good Order. The Englith,
in former times belonging to Rotert Earl Morercn, | thinking they fled, broke their ranks, and withour
balf brother ( by the mother's ſide) to William the | keeping any order, prefs'd hard open the enemy ;
Ceonquerour '5; afterwards to William fon to King | but they rallying their forces, charg'd afreſh on eve-
Stephen, who furrenderd ir back to King Henry 2. | ry ſide with the thickeſt of them ; and encompaſling
fiom whom he had receiv'd it as a free gitr, together | them round, repuls'd them with a mighty ſlaughter :
with the lands formerly of Richer de ,aquila, or, of | yet the Engliſh having gotten the higher ground,
the Eagle, fiom whom they had the name of the ſtood it out a long time, till Harold himſelf was ſhot
thro' with an arrow, and fell down dead ; then they
K. Hemy 3. granted it ** to the Earls of Richmond | preſently turn'd their backs, and betook them:ſelvc;
of Bretagne, trom whom it fell to the crown again. ' every man to flight.
Put now there is nothing remaining of the caſtle but The Norman proud and haughty with this victo-
the walls. Some part of this Heneur of the Eagle
Hemy 4. gave afterwards to the family of the Pel- dedicated it to St. Martin, which he call'd || Barre/-
hams, for their loyalty and good ſervices. Hard by | Abbey, in that very place where Harold, atter many
wounds, died amongſt the thickeſt of his enemies ;
fiom it's woody lituation. For the Sgxons call'd a | that it might be, as it were, an eternal mcnument of
wood Hyppe. This was, ic the firſt | the Norman victory *5. About this Abby there grew
coming in of the Normans, the ſeat of certain Gentle- | up afterwards a town of the ſame name ; or to uſe
men, who from the place weie for ſome time named | the words of the private Hiſtory, As the Abbey on.
De Her#, till ſuch time as William fon of Wallran | creas'd, there were built abeut the compaſs of the ſame,
= —
_ — —CC———————_—_— — _— > —
con ig de Herit,took the name of Monceaux, fiom the place, I 5 houſes of which the town of Batte] was made. Where-
ſtery of perhaps of his hirh- (a thing uſual in that age, ); in there is a place in French cail'd Saxgae-lac, from
Robcrts-
bridge.
Herit Mon. Cll'd
CCAUuUX.
Family of
wheieupon that-name was annex'd to the place, | the blood there ſhed, which after a ſhower of rain,
er ſince, from it's Lord, Herj# Monceaux.| from the nature of the earth ſeems to look reddith ;
From whoſe poſterity it deſcended hereditarily to | whereupon Guilielmas Newbrigerſis wrote, but with
the Fiewnes. Theſe Fiennes, call'd likewiſe Fens and | little of truth : The place im which there was a wery
the F.cnnes. Fines, 'a1e deſcended from _—_ de Fienes, who | great ſlaughter of the Engliſh fighting fer their Country, if
Pat.37. H.6. Marry'd the heir of Pharamuſe ©
Ay. 13 Ed.
Boloigne,”? of whom, | it happen to be wetted with a ſmall ſhowre, ſweats out rea!
K. Henry 6. accepted, declared, and reputed Richard | blood, and as it were, fre: as if the very evidence there-
Fenis to be Baron ot Dacre. And King Edw. 4. | j did plainly declare, that the woice of ſo mncb Chriſtian
choſen honorary Arbitrator between him and Hum- | blood doth ſtill cry from the earth to the Lord. But King
Lord Dacre Phrey Dacre, confirm'd it to the ſaid Richard Fenis, and | William granted many and great privileges to this
of the ſouth 79 þis heirs lawfully begotten 3 becauſe he had married
I 066.
K. Harold's
tight with
William
the Con-
quiIvr,
Abbey. And amongſt others, to uſe the very words
of the Charter, If any thief, or murderer, or perſon guilty
Joan the Couſin and next heir of Thomas Baron Dacre **;
of any other crime, fly fer fear of death, an4 come to thu
lin.e which time * his poſterity have flouriſh'd under
the dignity of Barons Dacre, till George Fiennes Lord | Church, let him have no barm, but be freely diſmiſſed.
Dacre ** died very lately without iſſue. Whoſe only | Be it lawful alſo for the Abbot of the ſame Church to deli-
filter and heir Margaret, Sampſon Lemard Eſquire, a | wer from the Gallows any thief or robber whereſcever, if he
perſon of extraordinary virtue and civility, took to | chance to come by at the execution.
wite **, But (to return back a little) ** at this Peven-
|
ſhore account, becauſe the place requires it, of! Lord's Day free from all Toll, and other duty whatſoever.
that which I ſhall treat of more fully elſewhere) ar- | But Anthony Vilcount Mowntague, who not long ſince
riv'd with his whole navy upon the coalt of Britain, | builc a fine houſe there, obtain'd of late by authority
landed his army, and having ſtrongly entrench'd his | of Parliament, to have the market chang'd to another
camp, ſer his ſhips on fire, that their only hope might | day. And as for the privileges of SanRuary, in thoſe
lye in cheir courage and reſolution, their only ſafety | more heinous and grievous crimes, they are here and
in victory. And *? quickly after marched to a Plain | every where elfe quite aboliſh'd by Act of Parliament.
near Ha#tings, *+ where the Dye ( as it were ) was | For they perceiv'd well, that the tear of puniſhment
thrown for the Kingdom of England, and the Engliſh | being once remov'd, outragiouſnels and an inclinati-
Saxon Empire came to an end. For there our Ha- | on to commit wickedneſs grew {till to a greater head,
1old, notwithſtanding his forces by a former fight | and that hope of impunity was the greateſt motive
with the Danes were much diminiſh'd, and fatigued | of ill doing. Neither here, nor in the neighbour-
by a long march, gave him barttel in a place call'd
Epiton, on the 14th of October 1066. When the
ormans had given the ſignal of battel, the firſt
encounter began with flights of arrows from both ar-
antiquity as any in all this tract [g}.
ry, 1n memory of the batte], ereted an Abbey, and Bu:
Henry 1. likewiſe (to give you the very words of , ,,
ſey William the Norman ( 1 ſhall again give you a his Charter ) inſtituted @ market to be there kept on the on Su
hood, ſaw I any thing worth relating, but only Eſ«- Atiee
burxzham, that has given name to a family of as great ="
Haſtings before ſpoken of, call'd in Saxon Harcin- patng
mies for ſome time ; then ſetting foot to foot, as if;
they fought man to man, they maintain'd the battel
a 19ng while : But when the Engliſh, with admirable
courage and bravery, had receiv their fierceſ?t onſer,
the Norman hoile furiouſly charg'd them with full
Career. Bur when neither of theſe cou'd break the
_ —
— ——— a COA -—— — — -
Ea-CeATTEP, lies ſomewhat higher, upon the ſame
ſhore. Some there are that ridiculouſly derive it
trom Haſte, in our tongue : becauſe as Matthew Patis
; writes, At Haſtings William the Cenquerour haltily ſet »p
a fortreſs of timber. Fur it may rather ſeem to have
take this new name *from Haſtmg a Daniſh Pirate,
——— — — — — - - - OO oO =—_ — — - —— ——— ——
—
k William rhe Norman ſpeaks cf this Haſting, in Heray Huntingd. Hiſt. 7.f. 211. 4
is And thn kad 56 Burgeſſes. #fter the attainder of his ſon William Earl of Moriton, it came to K. Henry 1. {y Ejcheat. In the compoſition betw: 7%
Stephen and K. Henmy 2. both town and caſtle, with whatſeevcy Richard de Aquila had of tbe honour of Pevenicy, whici: aftcy his name was (0414
Honor de Aquila and Baronia de Aquila, or ef the Eagle, was aſſigned to William ſon to K. Stephen.
But he [urromadved it, with Norwich, inte Kine
Heny 2”: kands, is the year 1158. when be reſtor'd to hn all juch lands as Stephen was ſeijed of before he uſurped the Crown of England. *5 14 ,xcv
Laa failen to the Crown by Ejcheat ; for that Gilbert de Aquila had poficd into Normandy, againſt the King's good will, to Peter Earl of Savoy 11s
Queen's Uncle. But he fearing the envy of the Engliſh againſt foreigners, relinquiſh'd it to the King, and ſo at lengthit came to the Dutchy of Lat:
cater.
*7 About the time of K. Eaw. 2. Sir John Fienes marrica the heir
of Monceaux, his ſen William married ene of the heirs of the Loyd Sav, &::
Jon likewiſe the heir of Balixtoid, whe/e [or Sir Roger Ficnes married the aavghkicr of Holiand, and im the fr ft yeer of K. Keniz 6. Guilt of brick te
large, fair, uniform and convenient konje here Caſtle-like within a deep moat.
is The heirs lincally dejcenamg from him being exrich'd by one of the heirs of the Lord Fuz-Hugh.
And by ker hath fair ifuc. In ws: behalf it was putliſted, declared and adjudged by the Lords Commiſſiener: for
K, James, with kis pricity and e{\ort Royal, That the ſaid Margatet org/t to bear, have and enjoy,
t, and precedercy of the Bariny of Dacre ; 16 kate and :0 kold ts her, ana the iſſire of her = in as ful
of the family.
Themas Lt; d Dacre.
martial Carſes, in the 2d year of the Reign
the name, ſlate, degree, title, ſtile, honour, plac
and ample manuer, as 4
[
re/petiively, as the chilaren of her Anceſtors Barons Dacre have formerly had aud mnjoy d.
of Chicheſicr, and where he died. Under this is Bulverhith in an open ſbore, with a roofleſs Church, net
« by William the Conqueror, reached to Battaile ( as the fable) for it had that nome before his
er two days marched to Haſ!
ard, and from theme two miles further, where in a plain, &C.
of hi: Cormmatic. Theſe the Monks kept until t heir ſuppreſſion, as alſo a Table of the Normans Ger
thy in later times, that they inſerted therein the names of juch as wire their Eenefatfors, and whe-
adcanc'd ts my :minenty in the ſubſequent ages,
ace much frequeuted by St. Richard Bi
Jo named of a Bulls Hide, which cus into Ti
wp Fo %y « dang. 5 - j 23
as t 4 there pitched bis St
_—_ aid _ _ LOg he _ the
which egtrea with the Conquerer ; but jo c
_ the favour of forrune or wirtue bad!
her anceſtors enjoy'd the ſame. And that her Children mey and ſhall kave, take and enjoy the place an
,41.d 18 have precedence before the L. Dacre « Gilelland heir ma's
#0 Son to the unforten 77?
ecedence
zz #bout 3 miles from Pevenley, is Beckes-bill, 4
*4 Then to an hill near Nenfieid, now cal''d Standard-Hill, becauſe
gs.
*3 And therem he cffer'd kis
who
te - —_ ——__——_——— : -
-—O— = - --
178
who, where he landed with deſign to ravage and
raiſe booty, buile fomerimes licrle fortreſſes ; as- we
read in Aſerms Menevenſis of | Beamflote-Coſtle built
by him in Eſſex, and others at. Xpledor and Middleton
in Kent *7. Here in the reign of K. Athe!lſtan was
- a Mint. Ir is the chief of the Cinque-ports, which
£5 withit's members Hancbelſea, Rye, &c. was bound to
find 21 ſhips for war at ſea. If you have a mind to
know in what form both this and the reſt alſo were
bound to ſerve the King in his wars at ſea, for thoſe
moſt ample immunities they enjoy, here take ir in
the very fame words wherein this was anciently re-
corded in the King's Exchequer. Haſtings with us
members ought to jmd 21 ſhips at the King's ſunamons.
find there ought to be im every ſbi
ſhip 21 men, able, fily
qualified, well arm'd and well furniſh'd for the King's ſer-
wice, Net ſo, as that ſummons be made thereof on the
King's bebalf 45 days before. And when the aforeſaid
ſhips and men-therein are come to the place of rendezvous
whereunto they were ſummon d, they ſhall abide there mthe
King's ſerwice for 15 days at their own py coſts and
charges. Hnd if the King ſhall bave further need of their
ſerzuce, after the 15 days afore(aid, or will have them
ſtay there any longer, thoſe ſhips with the men therein, while
they remamn there, ſhall be mm the King's ſervice, at the
King's coſts and charges, ſo long as the King pleaſes. The
Maſter | of each ſhip ] ſball bave ſixpence a day, and the
Conſtable ſixpence a day, and every one of the reſt three
ence a day "5.
The whole Rape of Haſtings, together with the
"- Honour, was held by the Earls of Ew in Normandy,
& (deſcended from a Natural fon of Richard 1. Duke of
> Normandy) till Henry 3's time, when Ralph de 1/o-
4m in France marry'd Alice, whole poſterity loſt a
noble eſtate in England, becauſe ( as the Lawyers |
then deliver'd it ) they were under the King of France's |
Allegiance *7, Furthermore, as there were certain '
lowd- inwards, being full of many... windings and
creeks, within which tiands /#mncbe/ea,, built in the Wockelſes
time of K. Edward 1. when a more ancient town of
the ſame name, in Saxon Wincely ea, was quite
[wallow'd up by the raging and tempeſtuous Ocean,
in the year 1250. ( at which time the face of the
earth boch here, and in the adjoyning coaſt of Kene,
was much alter'd.) It's fuation I wu: fer before you
in the very words of Tho. Wallingham: Sirzate is
# upon a4 very bigb bill, wery fteep on that fide, which
looks towards the fea, or overiooks the Road where the
Sbips lie at Anchor. Whence it is that the way leading
from tht part ta the haven, yaes wt ſtreight forward, lets
it ſbould by a down-right dyſcent force thoſe thatigo down
to fall bead-lovg, or them that go up to creep: rather on
their hands, than walk : but lying ſideways, #. winds
with crooked turns im and out, to ove ſide and the other.
Ar firſt ic was inclos'd with a mud, after with a very
ltrong wall : but ſcarce began to flouriſh ,* till ic
was lack'd by the French and Spaniards; and by the
ſea's ſhrinking back from it, as it were on a ſudden
faded and-iell to decay ** [h]. By which accidene,
flouriſh, or rather to reflouriſh ; tor chat ic flouriſh'd
in ancient times, and that I:il;am of Ipres Earl of
Kent fortify'd it ; Ipres Tower, and the immunities
and privileges that it had in common with the
Cinque-Pores, do ſufficiently ſhew. Bur either by
reaſon of the Vicinity. of Winchelſea, or the fea's receſs,
it was inconliderable for a long time. But wben I/in-
chelſea decay'd, and King Edward 3. wall'd it about,
it began to recover it ſelf; and within the memory
of our fathers, the Ocean, to make a rich amends for
the injury it had done, fwelFd wich an extraordinary
tempeſt, and broke fo violently in ( inſinuating ic
ſelf in form of a bay) that it made a very convenient
Port, which another tempeſt likewiſe in our age
great Gentlemen in this County at the beginning of | did not a little contribute ro. Since which time ir
the Norman times firnam'd de Haſtmgs, one of whom | has greatly re-flouriſh'd with inhabitants, buildings,
Matthew de Haſtings he!d the mannour of Grenecle, | fiſhing and navigation, and is now the uſual paſſage
--. Þy this tenure, Thet he ſhould find at this haven an
1. Oar whenever the King would croſs the ſeas : fo the
noble .tamily of the Haſtings, now Earls of Hun-
tingdon, enjoys this title of Haſtings. For King Ed-
ward 4. beſltowd it, with certain Royalties, upon
-. William Haſtings his Chamberlain, who is commend-
{tk ed by Comme, for that, having receiv'd a yearly
* penſion from Lewis xi. the French King, he could
not by any means be perſwaded to give him an ac-
quittance under his own hand. TI will im no caſe, 1aid
he, that my hand be ſeen among the accounts of the French
King's treaſury. But this man, by falling too deep
into the friendſhip of Kings, quite cverwhelmed
himſelf. For whilſt he deliver'd his mind too freely
in a Cabinet-Council with the Ulurper Richard 3.
he was unexpectedly hurried away, and without trial
beheaded immediately '. Neither muſt we forget to
u; take notice, that King Henry 6. ennobled Tho. Hoo
« Ho a worthy perſon (whom he alſo choſe into the Order
+ of the Garter) with the Tiztle of Baron Hoo and Ha
ſings ; whoſe daughters and heirs were marry'd to
Geoffrey Bollen ( from whom by the mothers fide
Queen Elizabeth was deſcended) to Roger Copeley,
Fobn Carew, and fohn Deveniſh.
—
Thence the ſhore retires backwards, and is hol.
from hence to Normandy *9. But as to it's name,
whether it takesit from Rive, a Norman word, which
ſignifies a Bank, | cannor eafiiy lay. Yet ſince in
Records it is very often call'd in Latin rips, and they
who bring fiſh from cheace are termed Rzpiers, I en-
cline the rath2r this way ; and ſhou'd encline more,
if the French usd this word for a ſhore, as Pliny
does Rips ®.
and the benefit of the fea, it's neighbour Rye began to Rye.
Into this haven the river Rother or Rither hath it's River Ro-
influx, which ſpringing at Ritheramfeld, (for fo the old tbr.
Engliſh call'd that town, which we call Rotherfeld )
runs by Burgwaſh, formerly Burgherſh,which had Lords 1,,,a,
ſo ſirnam'd ; amongſt whom was that Sir Bartholomew Burgherſh.
Burgwaſh, a nmighty man in his time, who being
found by moſt ſolemn embaſſies, and the wars in
Aquitain, to be a perſon of great prudence and un-
daunced yalour, was thought tit to be created a Baron
of England, and to be admitted into the Order of the
Garter, at the very firſt inſtitution, even among{t
the Founders; as allo to be Conſtable of Dover-Ca-
ſtle, and Warden of che Cinque-Ports. And his fon
of the ſane Chriſtian name, no way degenerating from
his ther, liv'd in a great deal of ſplendor and bo-
hour, bur lefe but one only daughter behind him,
marry'd into the family of Le Deſpencer ; deſcended
—
AC
! He h=d notwithtanding an honourable burial in S.George's Chapel in Windſor ; leaving ifſac Edward Lord Haſtings his ſon 2nd heir. »» Cali'd
©, Mary's of Robert,briage, 2nd of the Ciltercian Order. That part of it whichis now: ttanding, is a tarm-houſe belonging to my Lord of Leiceſter.
*5 The tracition ir, That the old Town of Haſtings &« ſwallra'd up of the ſea. That which ftandeth now, as I obſerv'd, 4s couched between 4 high
Af ſca-ward, ani as high an hill landward, kaving two fireets extended inlength from N.to 5; and in each of them 4 Pariſh Church. The Haven,
Jh as it is,being fea ba; with a poor ſmall Rill, 1s at the ſouth end of the tawn, and bath had a great Caſtle upon the hill,whico over-commaniatd it :
now there are only runes thereof, and on the ſaid hill light-houſes to direff Sailers im the night time. :6 Thus Haſtings flmeriſ'd long, inhabi-
ied with @ warlike pcople and 5kilfal ſailors, well ſtor'd with Barks and Crams, and gained much by fiſhing, wiith is plentiful along the ſhore. But
ajtcy that the Peer made of timber was at length violently carry'd awa by cxtream rage of the ſea, it hath decay d, and che fiſhing leſs uſed by the
reaſon of the daiigerous landing ; for they ave enforced to work their wed tolandby a Capſtall or Crain. In which reſpet?, for the betrering of the
fown, N. Elizabith granted a contribution toward the making of a new harbour, which was begin, but the com ribution Was quieky converted irto
private purſes, and the priblick good neglected. Nevcrtbele 6 Rock Court, the Country, and City of London is ſerv'd with mucy fiſh from chence. *1 Whey
K. Henry 3. had {eiz'd their lanas into bis hands, he granted the Rape of Haſtings frſ to Peter Earl of Savoy, then to Frince Edward his ſon, and
after upon his furrender, to Join, ſon to the Duke of Livtle Britain, upon certain exchanges of lands pertaining to the Honour of Richmond, which Pe-
ter Earl 6 $@&v0y had maae ever for the uſe of the Prince. time after, when the Dukes of Br itam had left their lands m England for avon ts
che French King, King tienry 4. gave the Rape of Haltings, with the mannour of Crowherit, Burgwaſh, ©c. 70 $17 Joha Pelham the elder, upon whoſe
loyalty, wiſdom and calor be much relicd. 3 And now only beareth the countenance of a fair town, and hath undcy it m the level, which t
Jea relinquajhed, a © a(tle fortify's by Henry 8. and larze marjbes defended from Sea-rages with works very chargeable. *7 Tet now it bezin-
neti ts comp! ain that the j.a avandoneih it (ſuch is the variable and interchangeable courſe of that element) and in part mpuct? it, 11248 the r1 ver
Rother is not containd in his Chanel, and fo loſerh it"s force to carry away the ſands and beach which the ſea doth inbear into the haven : Notwirh-
ſeantding, ut bath many Fiſhing veſts, and ſerverh London and the Court with wariety of Sea-fiſb. 39 Theſe two towns ( neit ner nay 17 Jjeern 17-
Pertinent to nate it) b:iong & 10 the Abbey of Felcampe in Normandy. But when K. Henry 3. perceivd that Religious men intermingzed ſecretly in
mattiys of late, Þ gave them in exchange for theſe two Chiltenham and Sciover, two manourrs in Glouceſterſhire, and other lands ; edding for the
reajon, that the Abbots and Mans might nas law{dlly fight with tempora! Atm; againſt the _— the Crown, ;
rom
1573.
TT EE OR St; 1 A GN et as a is ns ei AAA" 49-2 pt es CO -
$2
505 HO ABS AIG tt A 9 9 Oc 1 OW Sg ns wee. mg
— ute ee = Sons s ws . - > — BOG m . —_ - -
CE nee RE ES
e——————————_ —————————————————— nn A Arr rr Rr OO O|'"O"H8GUOEN|lEeE:OOEEEOOEA—__— _____———— _—— —— — ”
—— — LISA RACERS OE HARA» AW O11 IA moe
we SS + rn or
Prey Pn eee _—_ —
from whom many noble perſons ſtill remain. Eehing-
| ham next adjcyning had alſo a Baron in the time of
Bron MK. Edwaid 2. William de Echingham, whole ance-
Ems ftors weie * Stewards of this Rape. But the Inheri-
*Sne= tance by heirs females came to the Barons of Windſor,
{hat and the Tirwhitts, Then the Rother dividing his wa
Robertſ- ters into 3 chanels, paſſes under Robertsbridge, where
bridge or 50 the reign of Hen. 2. Alured de Sr. Martin founded
Rather- . .
bridge. A Monaſtery ” ; and ſo running by Bodiam, a Caltle
butiam. belonging to the ancient and famous family of the
Lewkneys, built by the Dalegrigs, here falls into the ſea.
Now | have paſs'd along the ſea-coaflt of Saſſex. As
for the Mediterranean parts, there is nothing worth
taking notice of, unleſs I ſhou'd reckon up the
Woods and Forelts, (of great extent both in length
and breadth) the remains of the vaſt and. famous
wood Arderida. Among which, to begin at the welt,
the moſt noted are theſe ; the Foreſt of Arundel, S. Leo-
nard's Foreſt, Word Foreſt *, Aſhdown Foreſt, (under
Baron Which lies Buckburſt, the ſeat of the ancient family of
Buckhurt. the Sackwils, of which Q Elizabeth in our memory
advanced Thomas Sackwil, * a Gentleman of great
wildom, to be Baron of Buckhurſt, took him into her
Privy Council, ele&ted him into the moſt honorable
Order of the Garter, and made him Lord Treaſurer
of England ; whom alſo, of late, K. James created
Earl of Dorſet: ) Waterdown Foreſt >, and that of Dal-
lington, the lealt of all.
Ear's of Suſſex has had 5 Earls of the 1” ps D' Aubeney,
Sullx> who were likewiſe called Earls of Arundel *; the
See rhe
Fl. hrit of them was William D*4ubeney, the fon of Wil-
—
in Norfolk, who gave for his Arms Gules, a Lion
rampant Or, and was call'd fometimes Earl of Arun-
del, and ſometimes Earl of Chichetter, becauſe in
thoſe places he kept his chief reſidence. He had by
Adeliza (daughter of Godfrey Barbatws Duke of I or-
rain and Brabant, Queen Dowager to King Hen. 1.)
William the 2d: Earl of Suſſex and Arundel, Father of
William the 3d. Earl; unto whom Mail, ſiſter and
one of the heirs of che laſt Ranulph Earl of Che-
[ter, bore William the 4th Earl, and Hugb the 5th
Earl, who both died iffueleſs ; and alfo 4 Daughters,
married to Robert Lord of Tateſha!l, John Fitz- Alan,
Roger de Somery, and Robert de Mount-bault. Affer-
wards the ticle of Arundel fprouted forth again, as I
ſaid before, in the Firz-Alans. Burt that of Suſſex lay,
as it were, forgotten and loſt, till our age, which
hath ſeen 5 Ratcliffs deſcended of the moſt noble
houſe of the Firz: Walters ( that ferch'd their original
from the Clares) bearing that honour ; viz. Robert
created Earl of Suſſex by K. Hen. 8. who marricd :
Elizabeth daughter of Henry Stafford, Duke of
Buckingham, by whom he had Henry, the 2d Earl ;
to whom El;z., the daughter of Tho. Howard Duke
of Nortolk bore Thomas : who was Lord Chamber-
lain to Queen Elizabeth, and dy'd withour iſſue ; a
Heroe of very great worth and honour, in whoſe
mind were joyntly ſeated both the wiſdom of a State.
man, and the courage of a Soldier, as England and
Ireland had reaſon to acknowledge. Herry his bro-
ther ſucceeded him ; after Henry, Robert his only
lon, an honourable young es, who now
Aunl. lam, Butler to King Hen. 1. and Lord of Buckewham
enjoys the Earldom.
Call'd S. Mary's of Robertbridge, and of the Ciſtercian Order. That part of it which is now ſtanding, is a farm-houſe belonging to my Lord
of Leicetter,
3' And not far off Eaſl-Grenſted, anciently a parcel of the Barony of Eagle, and made a Market by King Henry 7. 3* Her Alley by the Bullen;
33 There I ſaw 4 by a lodge of the Lord Abergavemny, and by it TAge) rocks riſing up ſo thick, as the' ſporting Nature had there purpoſe a [ca,
the
Herchy, in the very confines of Kent its Groomebridge, an habitation of
Wallers, whoſe Houſe there was built by Charles Cuke of Orleans, father to
K. 1.29:5 12, of France, when he being raken Priſoner in the Battel at Agincourt by Richard Waller of this place, was here a long time detaines
Prij over.
Thu County contains 312 Pariſhes.
| So much for Suſſex, which togethcr with Surrey, was the ſeat of the Regni ; afterwards the Kingdom of the
The king. South-Saxens, called in Saxon T SuS-peaxan-mc, which 31 years after the coming im of the Saxons, was begun by
dom ot the « #/{a, who, according to Bede, ©* Firſt amongſt the Kings of the Engliſh Nation, ruled all their ſouthern Provinces,
9 which ſewver'd by the River Humber, and the adjacent limits.” The fir#t Chriſtian King was Edilwalch, baptiz.d
1 the preſence of Wulpher, King of Mercia, bis Godfather, who gave him in token of adoption two Provinces, the
Ile of Wight, and the Province of the Meanvari. But in the 306” year from the beginning of this Kingdom, upon
Aldinins the la#t King's being ſlain by Ina, it came wholly under the Dommion of the Weſt-Saxons,
Saxons,
+ The true reading is Suth- ſeaxns ric.
ADDITIONS
[a] H E County of Suſſex, as in the north
part it ſtill abounds: with wood, fo
(as our Author obſerves) the greateſt
part of it ſeems to have been formerly
in the ſame condition. For I can never believe,
bur that vaſt //ea/d, being 30 miles in breadth, and
teginning in the ſouth part of Kent, muſt in it's way
to Hamjhire, take up a conſiderable tra of this Shire.
And if to, we may inferr from hence this account of
it ; that the inhabitants could be but very few and
thin-plac'd for a leng time. Which is plain from the
» Lambard two * Kentiſh Antiquaries, affirming that for a great
CO while the whole Weald was ſcarce any thing elſe, be-
Somner's fides a deſert and valt wilderneſs ; not planted with
torts, p towns, or peopl d with men, bue ſtuff'd with herds
1ic7, of deer, and droves of hogs _ Which account
may be very rationally grounded upon this bottom,
that no part of the I/eald appears by the ſeveral Grants
to have been let out by the King ( the only Lord
and Proprietor of it ) in Maneurs, but in fo many
Dens, which imp!ly'd only a woedy place yielding
covert and feeding tor cattel ; and that there is no
other uſe of them expreſs d, bur only Pannage for bogs.
From which hivt is gacher'd the primitive ſtate of
the greateſt part of this County.
{ b ] In after times, our Author obſerves among
oiker chings, thar they dea't in the Glaſs-trade. Fur
that laſted not long ©: tor whether it was that it turn'd
to SUSSEX.
to little account, or that they found themſelves out-
vy'd by other places, there are now no Glaſs-houles
in the whole County.
At preſent ( as in our Author's time) they are
moſt tamous for the Iron-works, which are in ſeve-
ral places of this County ; ſome whereof have both a
Furnace and Forge, others a Forge only, and others
only a Furnace. Near Haſtings alſo are rwo powder-
mills, where is made as good Gun-powder as any in
England. And in that end of the County where the
Tron-works are, namely the Ealt, Char-coal is mace
in oy abundance.
of Chicheſter ( which has given the title of Earl to
Francis Leigh Lord Dunſmore, and after him, to Charles
Fitz-Roy natural ſon to K. Charles 2.) is a place calld
' St. Rook's hill; F and upon it is ſtill to be ſeen an old iy”
| camp, the diameter whereof is two furlongs and bet- js.
\ter. The form of it 1s circular, from which thus
; much may be undoubtedly gatherd, that it is not
| Roman, but probably Daniſh. Thoſe who have an
| opportunity of ſearching into the Records of the
' place, would do well to conſider whether the tru
name of it is not S. Roch's hill ; for he was patron of
| the pilgrims; and here was formerly a Chapel, which
might pofhibly enough be dedicated co him.
A mile and a halt from this place co the weſt, 13
a Camp calld Gonſk://, which being of a ditlerent
| form,
——
--
Cc] To go along now with Mr. Camden. North $38
a»
x.
4:28
_ © anddying An. 1646. was {ucceeded in his honours by
— CF.
"5 V'S
9
=
— a—_
———.wwdhl dit
FS
288
form, muft þe made by ſome other people. The fi-
gure of it is an oblong ſquare, which comes neareſt
to the Roman way of encamping.
been alſo another large Roman Camp catl'd the
Brile, of an oblong form; 4 furlongs and 2 perches
in length, and 2 furlongs in breadth. It lies in a'
flat low ' ground, with a great rampire and ſingle
graff; and in ſuch a place, as renders it probable
enough to have been that. of Veſpaſian's after his
landing,
' d] Eaſtward from hence is Arupdel, which our
Author obſerves to be of more tame than real nate ;
tho' it is now a market-town, and a borough ſending
2 Burgeſles to Parliament. The famous high-way
Sranes{treet-cauleway, which is in ſome places ro yards
broad, but in molt 7, comes to this town out of
Surrey by Belinghur#t, It is a yard and a halt deep
in {tones ( which they diſcover by cutting paſſages
to let in water,) and runs in a ſtreight line. Ir is
made of flints and pebbles; tho* no tlints are found !
within 7 miles of it.
As the ſtory of Bevs's horſe call'd Arundel, ought
not to be altogether reje&ted; ſo neither ought our |
Hard by Chichefter, towards the welt, ||there has!
Notwithſtanding which, the form of it ſhews thar
Opinion to be an error ; for being rowndiſh, it ſeerns
rather to have been a Britiln work.
[f] And farther ealtward, near Lewes, there is L-wes,
another Camp. From whence going forwards, we
meet with Pemſey, which * Mr. Somner ( difallow-
Newenden) thought to be the ancient Anderida, where
was the band of the Abulz ; grounding partly upon
Gildas's words exprefling the {ication of theſe gar:
rifons, I littore Oceani ad meridiem, on the ſea-ſhore
to the ſouth ; and the deſign of them, to ken and
{py out the invading enemy : and partly upon the
antiquity of the place, which Archbithop- Ulher
makes the old Caer Penſave/coit of the Britains ; by the
coxt, 1, &. wood, the former condition of this County
being hinted to. But tho? he ſeems moſt inclin'd to
this place, yer he is not altogether ſo poſitive, but ei-
| ther Haſtings, or even Newenden, may lay claim to
this piece of Antiquity.
:
'
'
tacher to the preſent Lord Aſbburnbam, built there a
handſome Church with 4 Chancels. There is allo a
Author's name of the river Arun, and derivation of | noble houſe of the preſent Lord Aſhaurnbam's, which
the town from thence, be too ſecurely clos'd with. |
For, that Bevs was founder of the Caſtle, is a cur- |
rent opinion handed down by tradition ; and there ,
is a tower in it ſtill known by the name of Rewis's |
tower, Which they ſay was his own apartment. Be-.
ſides, *tis natural enough to imagine that the name |
of a horſe might be Arundel, from his ſwittneſs ; ſince |
that word in French ſignifies a Swallow, and the |
preſent Arms of the town ( which is corporate by |
Preſcription ) are a Swallow. Now why might not?
Bevis's Arundel as well have the honour of naming a |
as Alexander's Bucepha!us had, of a city 2 But whatever |
approbation this conjeaure may meet with, 'tis cer- |
tain that Mr, Camden's fetching it from Aru: will
not hold, For that river 15 call'd H:igh-#tream, to di-
{tinguiſh it from the other ſmall rivulets or ſtreams ;
and ſeems to have bore the ſame name ( as to the
{knſe at leaſt ) all along. The Norman Englith
call d it Hault-reyz and anfwerably, tie middle-aged |
Latin writers, Alta ripa, (fo Mr. Camden tells us |
that Rh:e in this County is cal'd in Latin Ripa ; and
ſeveral branches breaking out of the High-+#tream are |
at this day calld Ripes or Rifes.) There was alfo an
ancient family of Knights, owners of much land in
theſe parts (even in the boſom of this great river in
the pariſh of Hardham otherwile Feringham ) call'd
tlom it de Hault Rey; and their poſterity remains in
theſe parts ta; this day,aunger the name of D'Awrrey,
m Latin-De -alta Ripa. T3
But our Author's interpretation, Arwmtina wallis,
will not by any means ſuit either the name of the
place, or the circumſtances of it. For tho' it be writ
ſeveral ways, yet no one makes it end in dale; nor
is a low tract of ground ever expreſs d by that word
in this County ( as it is in other parts of England, )
but by a Level ; as Pevenſey-Level, Lewes- Level, Bram-
ber- Level, Arundel-Level, with many others. And
the Commilſlioners of Sewers call the Impoſition laid
upon Land for repair of publick banks and ſluces, a
Level-tax,
Thomas Howard, being reſtord in blood 1 Jac. x.
his ſon Henry, who in the life-time of his father was
lummon'd to Parliament by the titles of Lord Mou-
bray and Maltravers, By whoſe death An. 1652, this
Utle came to Thomas. his eldelt . fon,... reſtor'd -alfo;
I3 Car. 2. to the ticle of Duke of Norfoik, which had
been forfeiced by the Attainder of Thomas the laſt
Duke, By which means, the title of Duke of Norfolk
came to Henry his brother, along with the Earldoms
of Arundel and Surrey ; who now among other ho-
nours enjoys them.
[e | Towards the north-eaſt lies Findon ; within a |
mile of which is an ancient Camp, at about 2 miles
diſtance from the ſea. Tis call'd Czſar's-hill, becauſe
the people imagine it was Ce/ars Camp; and they
pretend to {hew the place where Czſar's tent was.
|
for ſtately buildings and convenient garden-room, is
one of the beſt in chis County.
Norch-eaſt from hence lies Breede, the Court where.
of is a branch of that at Battle, and hath the fame
privilege and proceſs. The Lands in the manour of
Breede, tho' in Suſſex, deſcend according to the cu-
ſtom of Gaweh-kind. Here is a kind of Court kept
every 3 weeks, where Actions between man and
man are try'd; and the Officers are exempt from
attending bs Afſizes or Seſſions.
1 | { h] To the eaſt, upon the ſea-ſhore, is #inchel- Winchelfcy
rown wherein his maſter had a particular intereſt ; ey, which || Twine fallly imagines to have been writ- || Pe rebus
ten originally Windchel/eum, from it's being expos'd
to the winds z for fo he adds, Olim wento, frigori, &
ponto obnoxium, unde e: nomen obyenit. But 'tis b
Mr. Somner interpreted, a wateriſh place ſeated in 4
corner, Which exactly an{wers the nature and fituati-
on of the place, lying at the corner of Kent and Sf-
ſex. The new town was endow'd with the ſame pri-
vileges which the old one had, namely, thoſe of the
Cinque-ports to which it belongs as one f the ancient
rowns. Tt ſtill retains that of ſending 2 Burgetles to
Parliament, tho? the Ele&ors are but very few ; the
town being moſt miſerably decay'd by the lols of it's
market, trade, and all inhabicants of any note. An
argument whereot is, that the graſs grows in the very
ſtreers ( tho' they are all pav'd )) to that degree, as
makes the herbage ſometimes yeild 4 /. per An.
It ſeems at firit to have bcen buitt with admirable
regularity, the ſtreets ſtanding all at right angles, and
divided into 32 ſquares ; or quarters, as they are now
call'd. There were anciently in it 4 Pariſh-Churches,
Pem{e Y.
* Forrs and
ing Camden's, Lambard's, and Selden's conje&ure of p.rts in
Kent.
( g | Not far from hence is Aſhburnban, of which Ahvura-
| place- and family Fobn Aſbburnbam Eſquire, Grand-
R-cede.
= loin,
pag. 2F.
tho' there is now only the chancel of the largeſt of
them remaining , which is the preſent Pariſh-
Church. The itone work of the three gates is yec
ſtanding.
This place has afforded the title of Countels to
Elizabeth wife to Sir Moyle Finch, 'and daughter and
heir to Sir Thomas Heneage Knight ; having been be-
fore created Viſ.ountels of Maidſtone by K. James r.
which titles deſcended to Sir Tho. Finche, her fon,
whoſe eldeſt ſon Heneage is now Earl of Winchellfey,
Art ſome diſtance from 7/inchel/ſea is Selſcombe, Selſcombe.
where ( as alſo in ſeveral places of this County) are
mineral-waters of the ſame nature with thoſe at
Tunbridge, and altogether as ſtrongiy impregnatee.
- More to the eaft, in the pariſh of Ea#t-Guildford Ealt-Guild-
(which is the utmott bounds of Suſſex/eaſtward ) is
a peculiar way of 7ithing their marſh-lands, whereby
they pay only 3 d. per Acre to the Rector, whilit in
paſture ; but if plougl'd, 5 -.
Continuation of the E ARLS.
Robert, the laſt Earl mention'd by our Author,
dying 5 Car. 1. lefc the title of Earl of Suſſex to his
ſon Edward; but he having no iſſue, the family of
the Ratcliffs Earls of Suſlex ended in him, and char
M 2 title
-
—_ CCC _—
—— ——
—
4
FT Tr +4
—_—_— ” >.
ris 4. ; -
'REGN I.
DIO” WW"
gitle was conferrd on the 25 of May 1644. upoR
Thomas Lord S:v:l of Pontfsatt, and was afterwards
enjoy'd by James his fon, who dy'd withour ſue,
Upen which Thomas Leonard, Lord Dacres of Gifliſ-
fazd, An. 16494. had this honour conferr'd upon him.
Mare rare Plants growing wild in Sufltex.
Alyffon Gercmanicum echioides Lob. Bugloſſum |
ſylvetre caulibus procumbentibus C. B. Borago mi-
aar Falvettris Park. Cynogloila forte topiaria Plinii
Bc Echiumn lappulatum quibuſdam F. B. Aparine ma-
jor Pliqii Ger. Small wild Buel:fs, by ſorue great Gooſe-
graf and German Mudwort. Found by Boxley in thu
Count).
Chtaliys {puria folis pediculis oblongis inſiden-
eibus. An chamedryi fpuriz affinis rotundifolia {cu-
ellata C. B? Alyfion Dioſcoridis montanum. Col.
_ Wild ar baftard Germander with leaves ſtanding on long
foorſtalks. In moift woods and hedges. I objerved ut
firit at Cockfield iw Suſſex.
Filix faxatilis ramoſa maritima noſtras. Filix faxa-
- nil
A
tals criſpa Parkinſoni D. Aferre: Pin. Small-branched
Srome-ferm. 1 obſerved ths firf} growig on the rocks by
the ſea fide in 155 County, where it was ſometimes daſhed
with the ſea-watey.
Faeniculum vulgare. Commun Fermel or Finckle. O.
ſerved by Tho. Wilbſcll ro grow plentifully at the weft-end
of Pemfey marſh.
Lachyri majoris ſpecies flore rubente & albido mi-
nore dymetorum, five Germanicus F. B. fylveſtris
Ded. anguſtitoliys Clufii ex fentencia F. B. ſylv, m:-
jor C. B. ſylv. Dodonzi Park. The other great wild
Lathyrm or Peaſe- everlaſting. 1 found thus firtt near Poj-
pings a village on the Downs of Suſſex. Smce, Mr. Dale
hath found it in Eſſex.
Oecganthe Cicute facie Lobelii Park. Charephy lli
foliis C. B. Succo viroſo, Cicutz facie Lobelio F. B.
Filipendula Cicutz facie Ger. Hemlock Dropwort. Fre-
quent in watery ditches and rivulets in this Conmry.
Peucedanum Ger. vulgare Park. Germanicum C.B.
Minus Germanicum F. B. Hogs Fermel, Sulphwr-wort,
Hareftrevug. In the marſh rb about Shoreham.
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———————————————— — — — —________
CANTIVU M,
CAN 1 1 5 0
Am now come to Kent; a country, indeed, which William Lambard, a perſon exvi-
nent for Learning and piety, has deſcrib'd ſo much to the life in a juit Volume, and
bas been ſo Iucky mm his ſearches, that be bas left but wery little for thoſe that come
5 after bim. Tet im purſuit of my intended method, I will rup this aver among the reſt,
' and leſt ( as the Comick Poet ſays ) any one ſhould ſuſpe# me * to be a pilferer, I bere * Sublet
Ro pratefully acknowledge, that he was my Foundation end Fountain. Jv a
/ Time has not yet deprin/d this Country of it's ancient name ; but as Ceſar, Strabo, C—_—
Diodorus Siculus, Ptolemy, and others, call it Cantium ; ſo the Saxons (as Ninnizs j\ dons
tells ws ) nam'd it Cant-guap-lantd, 5. e. the country of men inhabiting Kent ; Siculus.
and we now, Kent f. Lambard fetches this name from Cainc, ſignifying i» Britiſh
NS TRIED 2 green leaf, becauſe 'twas formerly ſhaded with woods. But far my part ( if 1 may
| 6 " be allow'd the liberty of a conjefture, ) when 1 obſerve that here Britais ſhoots out in-
to a large corner eaſtward, and farther take notice, that ſuch a corner im Scatland is call'd Cantir, that the inbabi-
tants alſo of another angle in that part of the Iſland are by Ptolemy call d Cantz, that the Cangani were poſſeſ'd of
another Corner in Waks, ( not to mention the Cantabri, inhabiting @ corner among the Celtiberians, 45 they
had the ſame original, ſo did they make uſe of the ſame language with our Britains ; ) upon theſe grounds, 1 ſhould
gueſs it ro have that name from the ſituation. And the rather, both becauſe our French have us'd || Canton for 8 cor-! 2
ner, borrowing it, probably, from the ancient language of the Gaules, ( for ut 15 not either from the German or Lat, Heraldry,
which together with that ancient one, are the only ingredients of our modern French, ) as alſo becauſe this County is Cauim is
call'd Angulus, or @ corner, by all the old Geographers. For it faces France with a large corner, ſurrounded * on every cor: Ng
ſide by the eAftuary of Thames and the Ocean, except upon the weſt, where it borders upon Surrey ; end upon part of the country
Suſſex to the ſouth. ds; hr
. by the
Le pete oy oo td do
Additions to Cornwal!, under the title Tamar. if one
ſhould fay»
Corners.
+ Some are of opinion,that the Koniley of Herodotus are Caeſar's Cantii,
and our Kentiſh-men. See Camden's Epiltles, p. 119.
&-This in general is true, but not in a more {trict ſenſe ; for the river
" UP oY.
g HIS Country, which we now call | retain the fdirit of that ancient nobility, above the reft
Kent *, is not altogether uniform ; to | of the Engliſh; being more "_y to afford a reſpett and
the welt it. is more plain, and ſhaded | kind entertainment to others, and leſs inclinable to revenge
with woods; but to the eaſt, riſes | muries.
with hills of an caſie aſcent. The| Caeſar (to ſpeak marking b way of preface, be- Julius Cz-
inhabicanrs, according to it's ſituation | fore I come to the places themlelves ) in his ficlt at- ©:
from the Thames ſouthward, diſtinguiſh ic into three | tempt upon our Iſland arriv'd upon this coaſt ; and
2 or portions, ( they call them degrees; ) the upper, | the Kentiſh Britains oppoſing his landing, he got to
ying upon the Thames, they look upon as heathy, ſhore not without a hot diſpute. In his ſecond ex-
but not altogether ſo rich ; the middle, to be both | pedition too, he landed his army here; and the Bri-
healthy and rich ; the lower, to be rich, but withal,| tains, wich their horſe and their || chariots, receiv'd || Edd.
mney unhealthy, * becauſe of che natural moiſture in moſt.] him warmly at the river Srowr ; but being quickly
% parts of it: *cis, however, very fruitful in graſs. As | repulsd by the Romans, retir'd into the w At.
for S000 meadaws, paſtures, and corn-fields, it has | terwards they had ſome hot skirmiſhes with the Ro-
|.g. theſe in moſt places, and abounds with apples to a | man Cavalry in their march, but ſtill the Romans
-. miracle ; xs all with cherries, which were rought were upon all accounts too hard for them. Some
*:in- Out of Pentxs_ into Italy, 680 years after the building | time after they attack'd the Romans again, broke
=" \'of Rome; and 120 years afterwards, into Britain. | through the midlt of them, and after they had ſlain
o They thrive exceeding well in thoſe parts, and take | Leberins Durus a Tribune, made a ſafe retreat, and
* 3. up great quantities of ground, making a very pleaſant | next day furprisd the forragers, &«c. which I have
x». ſhow by realon + they are fer by ſquare, and ſtand | above related our of Czfar. Ar which time Cyngero- m_—O__
=4- one againſt another which way ſoever you look. It | rix, Carviliae, Taximegulas, and Segonax, were GO- under the
15 very thick fer. with villages and towns *, has pretty | yernours of:Kene, whom he , therefore calls Kings, title Re
Jafe harbours, with ſome, veins. of iron ; bur the air is | becauſe he would be thought to have conquer'd z-,:az.
a little thick and foggy, becauſe of the, vapours riſing |.Kings ; whereas they were really no more than
out of the waters 3. The inhabitants at this day may | *,Lords of the Country, or Nohlemen of the berrer * Reguli
juſtly claim. that commendation for humanity which ſort. After the Roman government was eſtabliſh'd
Czlar beſtow'd upon thoſe in his time ;. not to, men- here, ir was under che juriſdiction of the Governor |
wr. tion their bravery .in war, which a certain Monk | of Britamia Prima. But the ſea-coaſt, which hey
* he 045 obſerv'd to' be ſo .very eminent in the Kentiſh | rerm'd Lirrws Saxonjcum, pr the Saxon ſhore ( as allo
. men, that in their engagements among the reſt of} the op ſite ſhore from the Rhjoe to Xantoigne) had
the Engliſh, the, front of the battel was look'd, upon | from the. time of ,Diocleſian a peculiar Governour,
to belong properly to them, as to * ſo many Ty1aris. | call'd by Marcellinus, Count of rhe ſea coaſt, by the No- Cunt of
Which is confirm'd b John of Salishury in his Poly- | ritia, the honourable the Count of the Saxon-ſhore in Bri- - hegp es
craticon. As a reward (ſays he) of that ſignal courage | tain 3 whoſe particular buſinels it was to fix garrifons Netit's.
which. our Kent with great eagerneſs and:ſteadinefs ſhew'd | upon the ſea-coaſt in places convenient, to.prevenc
againſt the Danes, they do 30, this day lay claim to toe ho- | the plunders of the Barbarians, eſpecially the Saxons,
rour of the fir/# ranks, and the firf# on-ſet in all engage- | who heavily infeſted Britaine*. He was ugder the
ments. And Malmesbury, too. has writ. thus in their | command of the 7/luftrious, the Maſter of phe (cor, whom
Praile. The country, people and the rown-dwellers of Kent, | they {tild © Pre/entalis, and who. belide the particu-
- ——— _—
* The Triarii were aiways.in the Rear ( Roijn. Antiquitat. Rom.) and Dd the Monk moſt needs be in an error ; unleſs he can. be broughc
eff, this way, thar Fs ro. expreſs the Courage of the Ree ee he mezns as more, than chat the ſtreis of the barrel always - 4 upon them ;
and then it. will yery well anſwer the charaster of the Frjarzi, «+ To this end he had under him 2200 foot, and 200 horſe. 4 So call q from
cooltanc preſence inthe army. Calvin's Lzxic. Juridic. in Verb. oY
_ 1 Extendeth is elf in lgth fFom Weſt ta Enf! 5 > miles, and from South to North 26. * And well-peopl'd, 3 At & word, the revenues of the
PMLIE#s are greater borb by he ferkuity of the ſil aud #4 by the neighbyuriied of 4 great city, of # $7046 river, and the mpin Jen,
-
—_—
VI "Tp I I- _— -__w_w _— —_ —m— = Dt. MA. —
CANTITU M
lar garriſons for the ports, afſign'd him. the /:&ores that day have their table ſpread and furniſh'd upon
Fumores Britanniciant, the Primani Fumuores, and the | the King's right hand, &c. And the Lord Warden
Secundani Funiores, (thele are the names of ſo many | himſelf, who is always ſome one of the Nobility of
Companies,) to have ready upon all occaſions. His | approv'd loyalty, has within his juriſdiction in eve.
Office or Court he had in this manner ; Princigem ex | ral Caſes the authority of * Admiral, and other priyi-
officio Magiſtri praſemalium a parte peditum. Nunerarios leges. Bur now to the places. yn
duos, Commentarienſem, Cornicularium, Adjutorem, Sub. The Thames, chiet of all the Britiſh rivers, runs
adjuvam, Regendarium, Exceptores Stmgulares, GCC. i.e. (as 1 obſerva but now ) along the north part of
A Principal or Maſter out ot the Maſters or Generals this County ; which lkaving Surrey, and by a wind.
relating to the foor , two * Accountants, a /Gaoler, a | ing Courle almolt retiring into it lelf [c]”7, firſt ſees
* Tudge- Advocate, an * Aſſiſtant, an Under-Aſſi/tant, a | Depford, a moſt noted Dock, where the Royal Navy ;,..
Regiſter, the * particalar Recervers, * &c. And I no | 1s built ; and when ſhatter'd, repair'd ; there is ally *
way doubt, but it was in imitation of this method of ; ſettled a tamous Store houſe, and a | rs or incorpo.
the Romans, that our Anceltors ſet over this coalt a | ration fomething like a Yor or r the uſe of the »,,.
Governour or Portreve, commonly call'd Warden of | navy. It was formerly calld W:# Greenwich, and »:;
the Cinque-ports; becauſe as the Count of the Saxon- | upon the Conqueſt of England te.| to the ſhare of
ſhore preſided over nine, fo docs he over five ports. ; Gi/iebert de Mamignot a Norman, whoſe grandchild y,..
Bur after the Romans had quitted Britain, Vorti- | by the fon, Walke/m, it was, that dcelended Dover.
gern who had the command of the greateſt part of | caſtle againſt King Stephen ; and he left behind him
it, ſet over Kent a Guorong, i.e. a Vice-Roy or Free- , one only daughter, who, upon the death of her bro-
man ; without whoſe knowledge he trankly beſtow'd | ther, brought by marriage a large eltate, call'd the
this Country ( as Ninnius, and Malmesbury have it) | Honour of Mamignet, into the family of the Says [d .
vpon Hengiſt the Saxon, on the account of his daugh- | From hence the Thames goes to Grenovicwm, Com: (,
ter Rowenna, with whom he was pathonately in love | monly Greenwich, i. e. the green creak ( for the creat
ſa. Thus was the firſt kingdom of the Saxons ſettled | of a river is call'd in German Wc, formerly famous
in Britain, in the year of Chriſt 456. calld by them | for being a harbour oi the Daniſh fleet, and for the
Canzpapa-pyc,i.e.the kingdom of the Kentiſh-men; which, | cruelty that people exercis'd upon Ealpheg Archbiſhop
after 320 years, upon Baldred the laſt King's being | ot Canterbury ( whom they put to death by mot
conquer'd, came under the juriſdiction of the Welt- | exquiſite torments in the year 1012.) Whoſe death,
Saxons, and continu'd fo tiil the Norman Conqueſt. and che cauſe of it, Ditmarus Merſepurg us, whoyiv (|
For then (it we may believe Thomas Spor the Monk, | about that time, has thus defcrib'd in the eighth
no ancient Writer having any thing ot it,) the Ken- | book of his Chronicle. w the relation of Sewald I car.4
tiſh men carrying boughs before them +, ſarrendred | to know a wery trag ical, and therefore memorable att. How
themſelves to William the Conquerour at Swaneſ- | @ treacherous company of * Northern men, whoſe Captam * |:
comb (a {ſmall village, where they tell us that Szene | Thurkil now &, ſeized wpon that excellent Archbiſhop of -'3
the Dane formerly encamp'd, ) upon condition they | Canterbury Ealpheg, with others; and according to their tia
might have the Cuſtoms of thezr County preſerv d | barbarous treatment fetter d him, put him to endure fa-
entire; that eſpecially which they call Gawel &:ndf b]. | mine, and other unſpeakable pains. He, overpower'd by
By which 5 all lands of that nature are divided among | humane frailty, promiſes them money, fixing a tume agaznjt
the males by equal portions ; or upon defect of iſſue- which he would procure it, that if withm that, mo accey-
male, among the temales. By this they enter upon ' rable ranſom offer d it ſelf whereby be might eſcape a ms-
the eſtate at 15 years of age, and have power ro make | mentary death, he might however purge himſelf by fre
it over toany one either by gift or ſale, without con- | quent groans, to be cffer'd a lively ſacrifice to the Lond.
ſent of the Lord By the ſame the ſons ſucceed to | When rhe r1me appointed was come, this greedy gulf of Pi-
Warden of
the Cinque-
ports.
K-nt deli-
ver'd to the
Baxons,
Gavel kind
Lord War-
dcn of rhe
s Poits.
See in Sul-
ſex, p- 177+
this fort of lands, tho? their parents be condemn'd
for theſt, &c. So that what we find in an ancient
Book is very true, tho' not elegantly written : The
County of Rent urges that that County ought of right to
be exempt from any ſuch burthen, becauſe it affirms that
thx County was never conquer'd as was the rett of Eng-
land, but ſurrender'd it ele to the Conqueror”'s power upon
Articles of agreement, provided that they ſhould enjoy all
their liberties and [ree cuſtoms which they then had, and
us d from the begiming. William the Conqueror after-
wards, to ſecure Keht, which is look'd upon ta be
the. Key of England, fet a Conſtable over Dover-caftle ;
and conſtituted the ſame (in imitation of the ancient
Roman cuſtom) Governour of 5 ports, tiling him
Warden of the Cinque-ports, Thoſe are Haſtmgs, Do-
ver, Hith, Rumney and. Sandwich ; to which Winchelſey
and Rzje arc annext as Principals, and fome other lir-
tle towns as members only. And becauſe they are
obligd'to ferve in the wars by ſea, they enjay many
and large immunities : For. inſtance, from payment
of Subſidies, from Wardſhip of their children as ro
body ; not to be fu'd in any Courts but within their
own town ; and ſuch of their inhabitants as have the
name of Barons, at the Coronation of the Kings and
Queens of England, ſupport the Canopy, and for
| rates clls forth the ſervant of the Lord, and with many
| threatning s preſently demands the tribute he had promis 4.
| Hes anſwer was. Here am I like a meek lamb, ready to
undergo all things fer the love of Chrizt, which you pre-
[ume ro inflitt upon me ; that I may be thought worthy of
being an example to his ſervants. This dey I am no way
diſturb'd. As to my ſeeming a lier to you, it was not my
own will, but the extremity of want that brought me to it.
This body of mine, which in this exile I have low'd but
too much, T /urrender to you as trimmal ; and T know it is
in your power to do with it what you pleaſe ; but my
ſinful ſoul; over which you have no power, I humbly com-
mit to the Creator of all things. While be poke thus, 4
troop of profane villains encompaſs'd him, and got together
ſeveral ſorts of weapons to diſpatch bim. Which when
their Captain Thurkil perceiv'd at ſome diſtance, be ran
ro them in all haſte, crying, 1 deſire you would not by any
means do ſo; I freely divide among you my gold, ſilver,
and whatever 1 have or can procure (except the ſhip only,)
But this fair language did not ſoften the unbridled anger
of his fellows, harder than iron and rocks; nor could it bt
appeas'd but by the effuſion of innocent blood which they pre-
ſently and unanimouſly ſpilt,by "nn; © upon him Ox-heads,
and ſhowres of ſtones * and fficks.., Now the place is la-
—_
—
———
e One ot theſe kept an account of the Emperours
eall'd Commentaria. ,
be commanded filence in the Court.
tain, Pret. & p. 41.
a diſtin&t thing, viz. toſignific ſome particular and lingular employments, as, Informers, Receirers, &c.
tes, comprehending all the Under-Officers,
4 And repreſenting afar off a moving word. 5 By which they are not ſ6 bound by Copy hold, Cuſilomary temnures, or Tenant-right, as in e: hey
of
ifts, another of his Privy-purſe.
One who wrote and publiſh'd the Sentences of the Magiſtrates ; having his name trem a horn, by the winding where!
b One who officiated in caſe uf the infirmity or neceſſary abſence of any other Officer. Brady's Hiit. ot Br-
i Such as kept the accounts of the Army, belonging to the Pay- Office, were the Exceptores ; and the Singui/ares ſeems t 5
ay but in a manner Fry man is a Free-holder, and hath ſome part of his own ts live upon o |
into his chanel into the firſt limit of this ſhire Ravensburne, a ſmall water, and of ſhort courſe, which rijeth in Keiton- heath hard under 742:
f The places where they kept priſoners were ancient!)
& The Nuiitia adds, & rei ques effect
+ .
par
7 Doth there ami:
precniing
E A Chancellor and, &c.
| Kon ancient Camp, ſtrange for the hight as double rampicrs, and depth as double aitcher, of all that 1 have ſeen © doubtleſs the work of man) 6
ring hands. - Of what capacity it wes 1 could not aijcuuer, for thas the greats? part thereof 3s now jerveral, and overgrown with a iL:cket ; O”
verily great it Was, as may
reve, 1f 1 jbeuld thmk it that
*ing bad jucceſs, retir*d themſekues, and gave him leave ro march to the Thames ſeae.
be gather'd by that which is apparent. We may probably towjet; ure that it was a Roman Camp
; but I mis kt
erm it
Camp which” Julius Cafar pirch'd, when the Briteins gave kim the laſt barrel with their whole forces ; and * Kb
Ama yet cerres Keiton the name of the place ſermeth to 104"
a parcel of Kzlai's name ; for ſo the Britains call's him, and not Caiar, as we av. is for the other ſmall imtrenciment not far off by W. Wickham, /#
Was caſt infreb ngmory, when eld Sir Chriltopher Heydon, 4 man then of great cemmand in theſe parts, "
4 ; when it hath gathered Jeter the depth of kis fora grveth nam 10 V4*
Eilpheg ss 748 Pariſt-Church here cen(ecr ated,
paſſca by Bromeley, a ſ——_— of the B:jhops of Rocheſter ;
ths 5.
& s tnd to the memory of
irgined ihe Conn peeple. This water #9
mous
on condition you do not offend againſt the Lord's | Anointed. \
KENT
mous for being a Royal ſear, built by Humfrey Duke
of Gloceſter, and call'd by him Placentia, K. Hen. 7.
very much enlargd it, adced to it a ſmall houſe of
Friors Mendicants, and finiſh'd that tower ?, which
Duke Humfrey had begun on the top of a high hill,
fom which there is a moſt pleaſant proſpe& down
to the winding river, and the green meadows that
lie below '*. Ir is now much enlarg'd and beaurify'd,
for which it is indebted to it's new inhabitant Henry
Howard Earl of Northampton **, Bur the greateft
ornament by far that Greenwich has, is our El;zaberh,
who being born here by a happy providence, did fo
enlighten Bricain, nay, and even the whole world,
with the rays of her royal virtues, that no praiſe can
equal her merit. But as to what concerns Greenwich,
take the verſes of our Antiquary Leland,
Eece ut jam niteat locus petitns,
Tanquam ſyderex domus cathedre,
Que faſtigia pitta ? que feneſtre ?
One twrres wel ad aſtra ſe efferentes ?
Quz porro viridaria, ac perennes
Fontes ? Flora finum occupat wvenuſta
Fundens delicias nitentts horts.
Rerum commedus eſtimator ille,
Ripe qui wvarits modis ameng ,
Nomen contulit eleg anter aptum.
How bright the lofty | appears :
Like Jove's great palace pav'd with ſtars.
What roofs, what windows charm the eye ?
What turrets, rivals of the sky 2? |
What conſtant ſprings ? what ſmiling meads ?
Here Flora's ſelf in ſtate reſides,
And all around her does diſpence
Her gifts and pleaſing influence.
Happy the man, who'ere he was,
Whoſe lucky wit fo nam'd the place,
As all it's beauties to expreſs.
I have nothing elſe to obſerve in this place, unleſs
it be ( not to let the memory of deſerving and wor-
thy perſons periſh ) that William Lambard, a perlon
of great learning and ſingular piety, built a hoſpital
here for relief of the poor, which he call'd Queen
Elizabeth's College for the poor Behind this, at ſcarce
three miles diſtance, lies Eltham, a retiring place alſo
of the Kings '?, built by Anthony Bec Biſhop of Dur-
ham and Patriarch of Jerufalem, and beſtow'd upon
Eleanor wife to K. Edward 1. after he had craftily
got the eſtate of the Veſcies, to whom it formerly
belong'd. For 'tis faid that this Biſhop, whom the
laſt Baron of Veſcy made his Feoffee in truſt, that he
might keep the eſtate for William de Veſcy his young
fon but illegicimate ; ſcarce dealt fo fair with this Or-
phan as he ſhould have done '+.
md Below Greenwich, the Thames throwing down it's
banks, has laid ſeveral acres of ground under water: and
lome, for many years endeavouring to keep it out at
vaſt expence, ſcarce find their works and walls able
to defend the neighbouring tields againſt the incurſj-
ons of the Tide 's. There is great plenty of Cocble-
gn 714 Or Scurvygraſs growing here, which fome Phyſi-
clans will have to be Pliny's Britannica ; and upon that
account I mention it in this place [f]. But take
Pliny's own words: In Germany , when Germanicus
Czlar remov'd his Camp forward beyond the Rhine, in
the maritime tract, thire was one fountain (and no more)
of freſh water, which if ne drank of, bus teeth would drop
looſe and feeble. Thoſe evils the Phyſicians tern'd $O-
macace , and Sceleryibe. Fer remedy hereof the
berb call'd Britannica was found out , not only good
for the (news and mouth , but alſo agaimſt the Squin-
fie, and ſtinging of ſerpents, &c. The Frihans,
where our Camp was, ſhow d it to our ſoldiers: and
I wonder what ſhould be the reaſon of that name ,
awnleſs the Inbabutants of the ſea-coalts dedicated it
ro the name of Britain, as lymg ſo near tn. Bur the
learned Hadrianus Funius in his Nomenclator bri
other, and indeed more probable reaſon of the
Toe herb
Bri: 883:.c4
$ amn- Sce in the
Bririth Iiivy
COUK CLAM
5
name ; whom for your ſatisfaction pleaſe to conſult; tbe -+244-
for this word Britannica has drawn me our of my
road.
The Thames afterwards growing narrower, 1s met
by the river Darent, which coming out of Surrey,
WICH AVI 4618
Brim: .
(48.
flows with a gentle chanel not far from Seven-oke, **<%-v'*.
ſo call'd ( as they fay ) trom ſeven Oaks of an cx-
ceeding height '* [g] ; and fo to Ottanfrops, now
Orford, famous for a bloody defeat of the Danes in &tvr<-
the year 1016 [| h], and proud of it's Royal houſe,
built by Warham hbiſhop of Canterbury for him
and his ſucceſſors with ſuch ſplendour and itarelinels,
that Crawmer his immediate fuccetlor, to avoid cnvy,
was forc'd to exchange it with Henry 8. Lullmgſtcn, Lalingltor.
where was formerly a caſtle,the ſeat of a noble tami-
ly of the ſame name *7, lies lower down upon the D-
rent [i]; which at it's mouth gives nameto Darentferd, Pantoud.
commonly Dartford, a large and throng market | k} *;
and below that receives the little river Crecce '9. Ar
Creccanford,now Creyford,a ford over this river, Hengilt
the Saxon, eight years after the coming in of the Sax-
ons, engag'd the Britains,where he cur off their Com-
manders, and gave them ſuch a blooc'y defeat, that
afterwards he quietly eſtabliſh'd his kingdom in Kent,
without any fear of diſturbance from that quarter.
From Darent to the mouth of Medwey, the Thames
ſees nothing but fome ſmall towns ; the omitiion
whereof will be no damage either to their reputation,
or any thing elſe [ 1] **. However, the moſt con-
ſiderable of them are theſe : Graves-end **, remarka-
ble as any town in England **, tor being a fort of
ſtation between Kent and London ; where King
Hen. 8. + fortify'd both fides of the river *®. On the
back of this, a file more within land, ſtands Cebhar,
for a long time the ſeat of the Barons of Cobham,
the laſt whereof John Cobbam built a College here,
and a Caſtle at Cowling, leaving one only daughter,
wife of John de la Pole, Knight: who had by her
one only daughter Joan, marry'd to ſeveral hus-
bands. But ſhe had iſſue only by Reginald Braybrok,
Her third husband *+ Fohn de Oldcaſtle, was bang'd
and burnt for endeavouring innovations in Religion.
But the only daughter of Reginald Braybrooke, caltd
Zoan, was marry'd to Thomas Brook of the County of
merſet : from him the ſixth in a lineal deſcent
was lately Henry Brooke Baron Cobham, who, becauſe
fortune did not humour him in every thing, by the
force of inſolence and anger was induc'd ro throw off
his Allegiance to the kindeſt of Princes: for which
he had the ſentence of death paſs'd upon him ; bur
remains alive to this day a laſting monumens of che
Royal clemency.
- tab Graveſ-end, a {mall tra& like a Cherlonete
tween the Themes and the Medway ; the ſicuation of
it not very wholſom *5. In it is Ci;fe, a pretty large
cut in two years time, and the joynts of his knees mes town, ſo nam'd from the Cliff upon which it ſtands.
arts.
9 Famous in Spaniſh fables. ** To the City of London, and the c
— _—_C—————
round about. "' Lord Privy-Seal, &c. ** And, as the prying Adverſarie:
of ger Religion then obſer, was the firſt Iroteſtant that built an Hoſpital.
p _—_— yy thu, and other rn
anaed 1179. by Lord Richard Lucy Chief Juſtice of En
*@arired for his piety; while others al Ale &.
down, which commend, th Sir William Sevenok, an Alderman on ;
here in grateful remembrance an Hoſpital, and a School. On the eaft-fide of it ſtan
__ -ourchier, Archbiſhop of Canterbr
9-1 of Derſer, Lord Treaſurir, hath furbiſh'd, and
at/crded fFom one of the cohcirs of the Lord Bray.
and MIS ſneccſlars.
*f. Mary-Crey, Paul's C-ey, Vores-Crey, North-Crey, and Crey-Ford.
Paren ) of hangurable memory among the Kentiſh-men,
v7 th Mentceuftes, mn of great nobility, the owners t
A 0 Called ( as Mr. Lambard i: my .
fo Lend, [ince the Abbot '
CITON C { lf * . o 20 ,
anti, utly %y Ne Roetke ohio, by fervice tocavry with
*v2rr"4 ju $cotiand,
?+ Sir Join Ola-: aſtle.
, purchaſing of Sir William Fienes, Lord Sa
ad benfy' the old work with boo. ><
e King Edward 3. built a Nunnery
', ..xciently called Creccan ; when in his ſhort courſe
fue obtaining there the continuance
cof, who had their Rareny herea
iuthor) as the G-reves-end, i. ce. the limit of
P '3 But wnwholſomly by reaſon f the moate. 1+ But deſpoia him
1; Which the Canons of Lieſnes adjoyning kept ſweet and found land in their times. This Abbey was
land, and by him dedicated to Ged,
or perwicacy againft hs Prince, as he became here a
the memory of Thomas of Canterbury, whom he ſa
wh devored 4 ro dim.” 16 Now cxt
herc, and therefore fo named ; buils
ated npm @ hill, which Tho-
iſe; and now lately Thomas
cable additament?. 17 But now of Sir Percival Hart,
, which K. $. converted into a houſe for himſelf
he hath imparted his nome to five Townlets, which he watereth, as,
"0 Ter amongit them is Swanſcomb ( 9f which I have heretofore
their ancient Franchiſes. Afrerwards it was wel! known
aneſcomb, i.e. K.Swane's Camp.
fs. In the margin, Sw
pt the uſual paſſage by water between
a ling, and brought up
r Knoll, Jo calÞd for that it is ſe
Scale, adorn'd with a fair
who
de
and
the G:reve, or Reve.
G.ace by rhe Tower of London, to which 4 appertain'd, obtain'd of K. Richard 2. that the mhabitants of it and
t When he
er Northwo-4, by ſervice to carry with others the King's Tenantr a white Enſizn 40 dl |
* £ the entry hereof 1; Cowlingecaſtle, 6:75 by John Lord Cobam in 4 mowrifh gruns.
fartify'd the ſea coaſts. 23 Beyond Graveſend ir Shorn, held
's at his own ch
Bue
CG -avelend.
Barons of
Coubham.
call'd Ho, ſhoots it felf out a long way to the caft be- Ha
16953.
Cliftc.
&, when the King Tnquil.
39 & 3»
— -
C
—_ICJ—_—
> ———_ _—
ANTIVM
Bat whether this be that Cliwes at Ho, famous for a | gramted, &c. the wame, ſtile, title, bonour, and @ignity
Synod in the infancy of the Englith Church, I dare | of Baroneſle le Deſpenler ; and rhar ber heirs [ucceſroe.
not (as ſome others are) be poſitive ; partly becaulſc | /y be Barons le Deſpenier fer ever. the Medway v ,
the ſituation is not very convenient for a Synod, and | haſtegs next to Mardjtowe, which (becauſe the Saxons dz;
partly becauſe this Cl:wes at Ho ſeems to have been in | calfd it Meewegſton and Meopeagerron ) 1 am in- > Y
the kingdom of Mercia | m }. \clind to believe is the Vagmiece menticn'd by Ants. tw.
The river Medwege, now Medway (in Britiſh, if I hrnage- and nam d by Ninnius in his Catalogue of Cz yp.
miſtake not, YVaga, to which the Saxons added Med,) | ties Caer Megwad, corruptly for Mcdvag. Nor do
riſes in the wood Anderida, call'd Wealde (i.e. a woody | the diſtances gainſay it, on one hand trom Nowvioma-
country) which tor a long way together takes up the | gas, and on the other trom Durebrows ; of whicti by
fouth part ' of this County. Art tirit, being yet buc | and by. Under the later Emperors ( as we learn
ſmall *5, ic runs by Pens-bur#t *7, the ſeat of the anci- | trom the Peutegerian Table publiſh d lately by
ent family of the Sidneys, deſcended from William de | M. Velferus) it is calld Madus. And thus we tee in
Sidney, Chamberlain to Henry 2. Of which tamily | progrels of time names are chang'd by littie and little, \w,
was ** Henry Sidney, the famous Lord Lieutenant of | I his is a neat and populous town #, ſtretch'd our
Ireland, who by the daughter of fohy Dudley Luke | into a great length. In the middle it has a Palace
of Northumberland, and Earl ot Warwick, had Phi- | of the Archbiſhops of Canterbury, begun by Jy
lip and Robert. Robert was honour'd firſt with the | Uford Archbiſhop, and finiſh'd by Simon Tfrp t. Here
* Viceco- title of Baron Sidney of Penſhur/#, and then with thart | is likewiſe one of the two common Gao!s of this
4s of * Viſcount Liſte, by the preſent K. James. Bur | County 77; and it is beholding for a great many im-
ſhire, 29 Philjp, not to be omitted without an unpardonable | munities to Queen Elzaberh, who made their chief
wide, * crime, (who was the great glory of that family, the | Magiſtrate a Mayor inſtead of a Porrgreve, which they
great hopes of mankind, the moit lively pattern of vir- | had till that time; a ching I the rather take notice Pur
tue, and the darling of the learned world) hotly enga- | of, becauſe this is an ancient Saxon word, and to
ging the enemy at Zutphen in Gelderland, loſt his lite | this day among the Germans fignifies a Governour, as
bravely. This is that Sidney, whom as Providence | Markgrave, Reingrave, Landrgrave, &c. | 0.
fſeerws to have ſent into the world to give the preſent | Here, below the Vagnace, the Medway 1s jovn'd
age a ſpecimenof the Ancients; ſo did it on a ſudden | by a ſmall river from the eaſt, which rites at Lene-
recall him, and fnatch him from us, as more worthy | ham, very probably the Durolenum of Antoninus, wric
of heaven than earth. Thus where Virtue comes to | fallly in fome Copies Durolevum. For Durolenum in
perteion, 'tis gone in a trice;z and the belt chings | Britiſh is, the water Lenum ; and beſide the remains ©
are never lafting. Reſt then in peace, O Sdney, (if of the name, the diſtance trom Durovernum and Du-
I may be allow'd this addrets ; ) we will not celebrate robrovis confirms this to be the Durolenum ; not to
your memory with tears. but adnnration. Whatever | mention it's ſituation upon the Conf.lar way of the
Tacirus of we lov'd in you (as the beſt of Authors ſpeaks of that Romans, which formerly (as Higden of Cheſter af-
"14: beſt Governour of Britaine, ) whatever we admir'd | firms) went from Dover, through the middle of
in you, ſtill continues, and: will concinue. in the | Kent.
memories of men, the revolutions of ages, and the] Hard by, at Boom Malherb, dwelt long ſince the 3
annals of time. Many, as ingſorious and ignoble, | noble family of the Worrons ; of which within our*
are bury'd in oblivion ; but $:4ey ſhall live to ail po. | memory flouriſh'd both Nicholas Worron Door of
ſterity. For as the Grecian Poet has it, Yirtue's be- | Laws, Privy-Counſellor to K. Henry 8. Edward 6.
yond the reach of fate. Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth, ſent Embaſla-
| From: hence the river Medway ** goes on to Twn- | dor to foreign Courts nine times, and employ'd thrice
Tunbridge. bridge, where is an old Caſtle built by Richard de| in a Treaty ot Peace between the Engliſh, French,
Clare, who 'got it by exchange for Briony in Nor- | and Scots ; and fo run out the courſe of a long lite
mandy. For his grandfather Godfrey, natural fon to | with great commendations both of piety and pru-
Richard 1. Duke of Normandy, was Earl of Ewe and | dence : as allo, * Edward Wotron, his nephew's fon fx
Briomy. For after a long conteſt about Briony, Ri-| by a brother, whom tor his great experience and ©
chard ( as we arc told by Gulielmus Gemeticenſis ) | knowledge, Q. Elizaberh made Lord Controller, and
in recompence fur the ſame caſtle tock the town Tunbrige | K. James created Baron Worton of Merlay ”.
in England. For they affirm that the Lowy of Briony was | Nor hath this river any other thing memorable
*The Lowy meaſur'd about with a lme, and that be rcceiv/d an equal | upon it beſides Leeds-caftle, built by the noble Creve- Ls
of Tun- uantity of ground at Tunbrige,meaſur 4 by the ſame line | quers, call'd in ancient Charters de Crywecuer, and de 5.x
Ow Leone over into England **, But his fucceſlors, Earls | Crepiro corde. Atterwards it was the unfortunate feat i
_ CESS ——_
»
Leuca.
_ 5. ( a + "on
MEL DON IE To get ITE IEEE wer Pot oe Aaron. 35 eot> W414
* Clicnte- of Gloceſter 3*, * held the manowr (as they call it) of
\* Tunbrige, of the Archbithops of Canterbury ; upon
condition, that they ſhould be ſtewards at the inſtal.
ment of the Archbiſhops, and ſhould grant them the
Wardihip of their children 32 [n].
From hence Medway glides forward », not far
Mereworth. from Merewerth, where is a houſe like a little Caſtle,
which from the Earls of Arundel came to the Newil: |
lodge all might, bur was not ſuffer'd to enter. The King
Lords of Abergeuenny, and to Le Deſpenſer,whole heir,
in a right line, is Mary Fane, 'to whom and her heirs,
King James, in his firſt Parliament, reſtor'd, gave,
of Bartholomew Baron of Bad:l;mer, who treacherouſly
fortity'd ic againſt King Edward 6. that had given it
him ; but afterwards had the rewards of his ereache-
ry upon the gallows. Take, it you pleaſe, the whole
relation our of a little hiſtory of Thomas De-la- More,
a Nobleman of the fame time, which I lately pub-
liſh'd. bs tbe year 1321. came Quees Iſabel to the caſtle
of Leeds about Michaelmas, where ſhe bad defign'd to
highly reſenting thu, as done im contempt of him, calls
together ſome neighbouring inhabitants out of Eſſex and
———
—_
** It receiveth the Eden.
famnu Harden of the Cinque-ports, *3 Sir Henry Staney.
the river, a deep ditch, and fires wail.
3* And jirnam'd de Clare ( for that they were Loras of Clare in Suffolk ) brils
Church, which was impropriated to the Knights of S. john of Jeruſalem, and compornaed abaut the Tenure of the Manour, for w |
E loceſter, it came by an heir general to Sir Hugh Audicy Ear! of Glecefter, and by bis only, daughter 10 56
long ſuit. 3; From thoſe Clares Earls of &
*7 The [tat avcicntly ( as it ſeerneth by the name) of Sir Stephen de Penherſt, who was a.ſo called de Penſheſter, 4
J y j P
*2 Six 1 bulip.
ſtone- bridges, and thereot giveth the name of ayes to the town there jituate, as the town of bridges. This, about K. William Rutus's 1:1,
Richard /i of Count Gilbert, Grandthild re GodfFey Earl of Ewe and Lord of Briony.
Hnd albeit it is now ruin, and the Keep aiilird with ivy, y:t it manif:fily jbewerh what it wa
39 Branching it jelf inio 5 flreamlets, us joyn'd with as many
3 Shortly after, he built here a fair large Caſtle, frnc'd wits
kere.a Priory for Canons ef 'S. Auſtin's Order, Larger the Tart
ch there had beev
Earls of Stafford, who were afterward Dnkes of Buckingham ; and fFom them, by attaiuder, to the Crown. 1: hath in lattry ages been beho(acn #1
Sir Andrew Jude of London for a fair Free-jcheo/, and to John Wilford for a Cavſey reward Lonaom. Three miles direftly ſout's Fom hence, in
Whetſtcnes 77 limit of Suſſex, and near Frant, 1 ſaw ins white ſandy grad divers vaſtly, craggy ſtones of ſirauge jorms, whe reo) two of the greate/
4 Le IW-
ſtand (8
4
/
cloſe rogerher, and yet ſevered with lo ſtreight a line, as you would think the had been jawed cſunder : and Nature, when fhe reared theſc, iS”
tingly to have thought 'o! a Sta.
Jeem
the heir of the Lord Barnell, had iſſue by her a
happily marr yi
rottl.9 name s Pernell.
runneth on not 1ar from Mereworth, &-c.
ing-millc,
25 Having receiy'd a rivulct,
3+ From Tunbridge, Medway paſſci
ſon, wh0 was
{
Then Medway, encreaſed with anather water caved Twilt, which twiſteth about and irſulateth a la1g* pior of good 2720s
3 For the fair ſtone-bridge,. it ath been beholding to the Archbrſbops of Canterbury. ctmong whom, to erace this place of 74
by Haudelo, from whence came ihat John Haudclo, #49
cai'd Nicholas, ſummen'd to Farliamens arzong the Bar%
that Iajcth it jel} unacr ground, and riſeth again at 1 oule, jervirg 13 1%
-, 4 C h 794 {4 i
ence of waters, Boniface of Savoy built a ſmall Coll:ge — + and b:tween them, which it ſiandeth in pligin, Biliam Courtn'y erected a for conrgidilt
Charch, in which he ſo great a Prelate, and ſo bigh born, lieth lawly entomb'd.
all which, in ſhort time, they leſt by faveurins rebels. Eut Lueen Elizabeth amply reftor a tem, **
Icomb, ancien'ly a Manſion of the jamily De Sancto L:odegario, commenty called Scatieger aud Seuingt i
and iol and Crevecer l, ;
Regis, when the King goerh imro Gaſcotn, donec peruſus fuerit pari ſolutarum prerii q d. which, as they that wnder/iand Law-Lacin (for 1 6 By
tran//ate, that he ſhould be the King's fore-fourman, until be had worn our a pair of ſhooes prized 4 d,
incorporated by the names of Mayor and Jurates ;
38 Sir Edward, 3» Here under is 1
R Morinden, where $:r R. Rockelley deſcended from
Fin. Mic. |
diE2:
T
31 And it beth b:en endow'd with ſ mary Privileges by K. £0 6.
uilt a houſe, wha held Lands at Seaton by Serjeanty to be Vanta'®”
Lond
—” IR _ C6kpq — -
KE
mar...
I 94
> —
N:T:
London, and gave orders to beſiege the Caſtle. Bartholo
mew de Badilſmer was be who own'd it ; and having
left bu wife and ſons in it, was gone with the refit of
the Barows to ſpoil the eſtate of Hugh De-Spenſer. The
beſieg'd in the mean time deſpairing of ſuccour, the Barons
with their Aſſociates came as far as Kingſton, and by the
mediation of the Biſhops of Canterbury and London, and
the Earl of Pembroke, petition'd the King to raiſe the
Siege, promiſing to ſurrender the Caſtle after the next Par-
liament. But the King conſidering that the beſieg'd could
wot bold out, and moreover, incens d with their contuma-
cy, would not liſten to the petition of rhe Barons. After
rey had betook themſelves to other parts, he gain'd the
Caſtle, tho' with no ſmall difficulty ; the reſt of them that
were in it he hany'd, and ent his wife and ſons to the
Tower of London.
Thus the Medway, after it has receiv'd the lictle
river Len, paſſes through fruicful Corn-fields, and by
Allington-Caſtle ( where Tho. Wiat ſenior, a moſt
1, learned Knight, rebuilt a fair houſe ©) to Ailesford
in Saxon Eazlepfon>, call'd by Henry Huntingdon
Elfre, by Ninnius Epifford ; who alſo has told us,
that * rwas call'd 'Saiſſenaeg-haibail by the Britains, be-
cauſe of the Saxons being conquer'd there; as others
have in the ſame ſenſe call'd it Anglesford. For Guor:-
timer the Britain, ſon of Guortigern, tell upon Hen-
giſt and the Engliſh Saxons here; and dilordering
them ſo at firſt that they were not able to ſtand a ſe-
cond charge, he put them to flight: ſo that they had
been routed for ever, had not Hengiſt, by a ſingular
art of preventing dangers, betook himſelf into the
Ile of Thaner, ill that reſolute fierceneſs of the Bri-
tains was a little allay'd, and freſh forces came out of
Germany. In this battel che two Generals were
lain, Catigern the Britain, and Horſs the Saxon ; the
latter was buried at Horſted a little way from hence,
and left his name to the place ; the former was bu-
* ryd in great ſtate, as *cis thought, near Ailesford,
where ** thoſe four vaſt ſtones are pitch'd on end,
with others lying crofs-ways upon them ; much of
the fame form with that Britiſh monument call'd
Srone-henge. And this the ignorant common people
do ſtill trom Catigern, name Keith-coty-houſe + | p}.
Nor muſt we forget Boxley, hard by, where William
de Ipres, a Fleming, Earl of Kent, built a monaſtery
in the year 1145. and ſupply'd it with monks from
Clarevalle in Burgundy ® : and not far from the op-
polite bank, juſt over againſt this, is Birling 4, for.
merly the Barony of the Maminors, then of the Sates,
whoſe eſtate at laſt came by females to the families of
Clinton, Fienes, and Aulton.
On the eaſt-ſide of the Medway ( after it has paſs'd
by Hallimg, where Hamo de Heath, Biſhop of Roche-
liter, built a ſeat for his ſacceſſors) a little higher
up, 3 an ancient city call'd by Antoninus Duro-brus,
Duro-brive, and in ſome other places more truly,
's. Duro-prove, or Durobrouz. Bede has it Duro-brewis ;
and in the decline of the Roman Empire, time did
'! 10 contract this name, that ir was call'd Roibis ;
Waence with the addition of Ceaxzep (which being
deriv'd from the Latin caſtrum, was us'd by our Fore-
ervum, Where the Manuſcripts have Durobrovis.
plac'd in a valley, on ſome ſides encompatsd 4 wich
walls, but not very ſtrong; and ( as Malmesbury
ſays ) is pent within too narrow a compats : fo char
'rwas formerly look'd upon as a Caſtle rather chan a
City ; for Bede calls it Ca/tellum Cantuar:orum, 1. EC.
the caſtle of the Kentiſh men. Bug now it runs out wich
large ſuburbs rowards weſt, eaſt, and fouth. It
our Lord 676. it was deſtroy'd by /Erhelred che Mer.
cian, and after that more than once plunder'd by
the Danes. rthelbert, King of Kent, built a ſtately
Church in it, and adorn'd it with an Epiſcopal See,
making Fuſtus firſt Biſhop of it ; but when this
it about the year 1080. and thruſting out the Prieſts,
put the Monks in their ſtead 5 who too are now eje-
ed, and a Dean, with 6 Prebendaries and Scholars,
fill their places. Near the Church, there hangs over
the river a Caſtle, fortify'd pretty well both by ar
and nature, which the common opinion affirms to
have been built by Odo, Biſhop of Bayeux and Earl
of Kent. But without all doubt, William 1. was
founder of it. For we read thus in Domeſday, The
Biſhop of Roveceſter holds im Elesforde for exchange of the
ground upon which the caſtle ſtands. * Ts certain how-
ever, that Biſhop Odo, depending upon an uncer-
rain turn of affairs, held this againſt William Rufus «7;
and that at laſt, for want of proviſions, he did not
only ſurrender it, but was degraded coo, and quitted
the Kingdom. Bur as to the repairing of che caſtle,
would not confirm the gift of Lanjranck, of the mannour
Church of Rocheſter ; unleſs Lanfranck, and Gundulph Bp.
of RocheFter, would grve the King 100 |. of || Deniers: At
laſt, by the interceſſion of * Rob. Fitz,- Hammon and Henry
Earl of Warwick, the King yielded, that inſtead of the
money which be demanded for a Grant of the mannour, Bi-
ſhop Gundulph ( becauſe be was well vers'd in Architefture
and Maſonry) ſbould build for him the Caſtle of Rocheſter,
all of ſtone, and at his own proper charges. At length,
when the Biſhops, tho' with ſome difficulty, were brought
to a compliance, Biſhop Gundulph built the caſtle entirely at
his own coſt. And a little while after, K. Heary x.
(as Florence of Worcelter has it ) granted” to the
Church of Canterbury and the Archbiſhops, the cu-
ſtody and Conſtablelhip of it for ever ; and liberty
to build a tower for themſelves within it. Since
which time it has ſuffer'd one or 1wo fieges ; but then
eſpecially, when the Barons wars alarm'd all England,
and Simon de Montefort 49 vigorouſly affaulced ir, tho'
in vain, and cut down the wooden bridge. Inſtead
of which, a curious arch'd ſtone bridge was after-
wards built with money rais'd out of the French
ſpoils, by Fobn Cobham 5*, and Robert * Knowles ; the
latter whereof rais'd himſelf by his warlike courage
from nothing to the higheſt pitch of honour 5*[" q ].
The Medway poſts thro' this bridge with a violent
ſtruggling ; but preſently growing more calm, affords
Ic is
has had a great many misfortunes. In the year of
courſe like a torrent, and, as it were, with a fort af
Church was decay'd with age, Gundulphus 4 repair'd ,
take this out of the Textms Roffenſis. When William 2. Tit: Rof-
ents; an
ancient MS.
of Hedenham in the County of Buckingham, to the m_ of
rnaac
Church.
Centum
ibr as De-
N47107 8.
*Call'd Ca-
nol; by
the French.
fachers to ſignifie a city, town, or caſtle, ) they call'd | a Dock ®* to the beſt appointed feet that ever'the SUN The Royal
* It Þnoueceafcep, and we more contratly Rocheſter, | ſaw, ready upon all emergent occaſions, and built Navy.
as the Latins Roffa, from ons Rhoffus, as Bede ima- | at great expence by the molt ſerene Qu. Elizabeth x. more c of
art
gines, tho? to me there ſeems ro be ſome remains of | for the ſafety of her Kingdoms, and the terror of her _
that in the old Duro breviss And as to the name, | enemies ; who allo, for the ſecurity of it, hath rais'd agq.ions
| a fort upon the bank [r] .
there is no reaſon to doubt of that, ſince beſide the
courle of the Itinerary and Bede's authority, in an
old Foundation-Charter of che Cathedral Church, it
Now Medway, grown fuller and broader, makes
a pleaſant ſhow with it's sar/img waves, and patles
5 expreſly call'd Durobrovis. Only this I would have| through fruitful fields , till divided by Shepey-Ifand,
oblerv'd, that the printed Copies of Bede read Daru-| ( which I fancy to be the ſame that Prolemy calis
.** Now decay'd; whoſe ſon Sir Thomas enrich'd b
kimſelf and his ſtate. +1 Under the ſide of a hi
houſe of the Carmelites founded by Richard Lord Grey
# learned Kmght, painfully aud ye” ully ſtudious
B:th the common voice do pientifully teſifie, 3 Medw
the common good
bavi
town after Gundulph
Fy .
jamily :bereof Crname
bw
wp ef Rocheſter had there founded an Abbey
cime of K. |
++ Naw the habitation of the Loazd Abergeveny.
there Paſſed a Proclamation thro' England, that whoſoever would not be reputed a Niding, jbould
youth fearing thas name, wnſ? reproachful and os in that Age, [warmed thither in ſuch
K. Rich. 2. Sir Roberr, ©.
*1 $:r Robert, ich T
jaid rides i» Which was after repair'd.
be/tdex the Arms of Saints, are ſeen the Arms
Y ite ſaid bridge with irm-hari, 5* At Gillingham and Chetham.
+9 Earl of Leiceſter.
©
an heir of Sir T. Haur,
---— but not ſo artificia
Codnor in the :1me of
of his country, as both his endow'd houſe for the
wound himſelf higher, Fom the eaft receiveth a
& Wirham, ſo named for plenty of worts, where the Archbiſbops had # palace until Simon Iſlip pul'd it down, leaveth Ma! :
Nuns, and watereth Leibourn, which hath a Caſtle ſometime 3
ent in the Baront wars, and William was a Parliamentary Baron in the
+7 At which time
rhe
to yitld the place.
A the end b ihe
Sir John Cobham, who much further'd the work, erefted a Chapel, ( for our Elder; buile no notable bridge without a Chapel ;) upon which,
the King and his three Uncles then living. And lang after, Arch biſhip Warham, coped a great pars
Toliats)
out of which Sir Roger Leibourn was 4 great Ag
to himſelf great hopes u air pretences,
4 oe fo el | analog, gow 1sford it il
iP
K, 3. is now ſeen a fair habitation Yham Siddey
h. river -— 46 4 Norman.
* With a
repair to recover Rochelter-Caſtle : whereupon
numbers, that Odo was enfarced
But in the time of
53 48 Upnore.
itifully overthrew
Aadays ra
, and the bridge here,
ſprings near Wrothama
, which grew to be 8
ſeat of a
of che
to this
County.
.———.—
Minſtcr,
Qicen-
borrough.
Shurland.
Milton.
F
"|
\
Tong.
Sittingborn. deſign to do it what miſchief he could [ s |.
ewo mouths, the one whereof weſtward is call d
IWeft-ſwale ; as the eaſtern one, which 1zems to have
cur Shepey trom the Continent , Ea#t-fwale; but by
Bede Genlad and Nenletr. This Ifland trom the Sheep,
a multitude whereof it feeds, was call'd by our Ance-
ftors Shepey, 1.C.an iſland of ſheep : "tis exceeding fruit-
ful in corn, but wants wood, being 21 miles in
compaſs. Upon the northern ſhore it tad a ſmall
Monaſtery, call d now Minſter , built by Sexburga,
wite to Ercombert King of Kent, in the year 710.
Below which, a certain Brabander lately undertook
to make brimſtone and coperas out of ſtones found
upon the ſhore, by boyling them in a furnace. Up-
on the welt ſide it is fronted with a moſt neat and
ſtrong caſtle, built by King Edward 3. and is (as he
himſelf writes) of a pleaſant (ituation, to the terrour of
the enemy, and comfort of his own ſubjetts, To this he
added a Burgh, and in honour of Pbi/ippa of Hainault
his Queen, call'd it Queenborrough , 1.e. the burgh of
th: Queen, The preſent Conſtable of it is + Ed-
ward Hoby, a perlon whom I am always oblig'd to
reſpe&t, and who has very much improv'd his own
excellent wit with the ſtudies of Learning. Upon
the ealt is Shurl/and,, formerly belonging to the Chei-
neys, now to ” Philip Herbert ( ſecond fon to Henry
Earl of Pembroke) whom K. James the ſame day
created both Baron Herbert of Shurland, and Earl of
Montgomery.
This Iſland belongs to the Hundred of 1Mzidleron ,
fo calld from the town of Atdleron , now Milton.
It was tormeily a Royal Village, and of much more
note than at preſent; tho' Haſting the Danith pyrate
fortify'd a Caſtle hard by ir in the year 893. with a
Sitting-
burn, a town well ſtor'd with Inns | t |, and the re-
mains of Toxg-caſtle, appear in the neighbourhood 55:
The Family this laſt was the ancient Seat of Guncel/in de Badil[mer,
ot Badilſ-
nicer,
Fererſham.
To what
end the pits
in Kent
m'ght be
madc.
FOI las. a th,
hr AS Mee VAR, Vo HI. A ICE IE Es wearer fete 4 TA A rot 24
Os
f£araens, and Orchards beautifully di[poi'4 in direti lines.
a perſon of great Honours, whoſe fon Bartholomew
begat that Guncelli», who by the heireſs of Ralph Fiz
Bernard , Lord of Kingſdowne , had that fſeditious
7 Bartholomew mention'd before. He again by Marga- |
ret Clare had Giles, who dy'd without ifTue 5 Alay-
ery, wife of William Roos of Hamlak ; Mawd, of
ohn Vere Earl cf Oxford; Elizabeth, of William
Pohun , Earl of Northampton , and afterwards of
Edmund Mortimer ; and Margaret, of ” John Tip-
toft : from whence deſcended a fplendid race of
Princes and Noblemen ©.
Next I faw Fewrrſham , which is very conimodi-
ouſly ſeated : for the moſt plentiful part of this Coun-
try lyes all round it, and it has a bay very conveni-
ent for the importation and exportation of commo-
dities ; for which reaſons it flouriſhes at chis day above |
it's cs, 761 gh And it ſeems formerly to have made |
a good figue; ſince K. Ethelſtan held a Meeting |
here of the Wiſe men of the Kingdom, and enacted !
Laws, in the year of our Redemption 9oz. and that |
Stephen who uſurp'd the Crown of England, built a
Monaſtery for Cluniacks, wherein himfelf, his wife
Mawd, and his fon Euſtace were all bury'd[ u].
Near this place (as alſo in other parts of che County )
they diſcover here and there pits of great depth ; |
which tho? narrow at the top, yet more inward are
| Marmion; and Jſabe!, wife of David de Strathbolzy
very capacious, having as it were diltin& chambers,
with cheir pillars of Chalk. Several opinions have
been broach'd about them. For my part,I have no-
thing to offer as my own conjecture ; unleſs they
were thoſe pits out of which the Britains digg'd
white chalk to manure their ground, as they are
CANT
Toliats) it is carry'd into the zſtuary of Thames by
1UM.
a bundred foot deey, narrow at the mouth, but within, of ;
great compaſs : and juſt ſuch are thoſe very pits we de-
icribe; nor are they met with any where bur in
chalky grounds. Unlels fome imagine , that the
Engliſh-Saxons might digg ſuch holes for the fame y-
les che Germans did, from whom they were defcend.
ed. They were wont (lays Tacitus) ts diot holes wider
— — — _— -—— — Cs ——_—_ ———_—_
dung ; thus they prov'd a refuge againt winter , and
a garner for therr corn ; for the bitterneſs of the cold 11
allay'd by ſuch places. And if at any time the ememy (houl.l
ſurpriſe them, he plunders only what's open and exp»;'4;
the ſecret corners and pits being either altogether unknown,
or ſafe upon this account, that they are to be /ought for.
From thence, upon an open ſhore abounding wi:h
ſhell-tith, and particularly y#fers (of which the pits
gulbium, as 'tis calld in the Netit:a; which tells us
chat the Tribune of the firſt Cohort of the Veta/izxs
lay here in garriſon, under the Count of the Saxon
ſhore *', (for ſoin thoſe tumes were the ſea-coalts here-
abouts ftiV'd.) And it juſtites this it's Antiquity by
' the coyns of Roman Empetors that are dugg up in
it. Fchelberhe King ot Kent, when he gare Can-
cerbury to Auſtin the Monk, built here a palace tor
himſelt; Paſſo a Saxon adorn'd it with a Monaflery,
our of which Brightwald , the eight in the See of
Canterbury, was call'd to be Archbiſhop. Where.
upon, it was from the Monaſtery call'd alſo Racu/-
minſter, when Edred brother to Edmwnd the Elder,
gave it ro Chrit-Church in Canterbury.” Ar this day,
tis nothing but a licele Country village , and the
{mall reputation it has, is deriv'd © from that Mona:
[tery, the towers whereof in the form of Pyramids,
are of uſe to ſea-men for the avoiding of fands and
ſhelves in the mouth of the Thames.
cain Poet has it in his Ph:/ippers :
Cermit oloriferum Tamiſim ſua Deridi amars
Flumimna miſcentem
See Thames, renown'd for Swans, with brackiſh waves
Mix her pure ſtream { w |
Now we are come to the Ifle of Taner, divided
from the Continent by the ſmall chanel of the ri-
ver Stour, by Bede called Wantſum ;
up of two different rivers in that weody tratt nam'd
[
mentiond by Pliny. For (ſays he) they us'd ro ſink pits
the Weald. So ſoon as it $e75 into one chanel, it vi-
fits Aſhford and Hy, noted market-towns, but ſmal|.
Both of them had their College of Prieſts ; that ac
the latter, built by Fohn Kemp Archbiſhopof Canter-
bury, a native of the place | x |; and the other by Sir
R. Fogg Knight. W# had a peculiar Well alſo, into
which God was mov'd to infuſe a wonderful virtue
by the Prayers of © a certain Norman Monk, it we
may believe Roger Howeden , whom I would by all ez «'
means recommend you to, if you are an admirer of
Miracles ©.
Fulbam, where is the rubbiſh of an ancienc Caltle,
which one Fulhert of Dower is faid to have built
which family ſoon ended in a female heir, marry'd
to Richard, natural fon of King Jobn, ro whom ſhe
brought this caſtle and very large poſſeflions. He
had two daughters by her , Lora , wife of William
Earl of Athole in Scotland &, and mother to that
Fohn Earl of Athole, who having been fentenc'd for
repeated creaſons, (to make him confpicuatts in pro-
portion to the nobility of his birth) was hang'd at
London upon a gallows 5o foot high, taken down
when halt-dead, and beheaded, and the trunk of his
+ There have bcea ancient Medals and Coins lately dugg up here.
5+ Sir Edward. 5s Sir Philip.
meaſure of thougs cut out of a bea/!
Since the Congqueſt,&c. |, $7 Sir Bartholomew Lord Padiiſmere.
's hide, when Fortigern gave ſo much land to fortifi?
53 Sir Giles Lord Badilſmere. 5
m Novhing is left but the Charch and abuur 12 houſes, the fea having oain'd
all che Towo, and ar this day the Church it ſelf is in great danger to be loſt ; and to preſerve ir, there are men almvuit continually employ d ©
make good the wall or banks, which may prevent it's breaking, 7
56 With Fis new Mayor and Corporation---—-which, as ſome write, was ſo calld for that Hengift butt it by a
| upw1,4s he could n__ with abcaft's kide tut into 110757
9
ir Tohp. 60 Then ſaw 1 Terhtin,
not commended for health, but the parent as it wer? of ail th? choice it $arveus and orchards of Kent, and the meft Ierge avid deligtr{cme of 97
1
all, plantea in the time of K. Henry 8. by Richard Harris his Fuiterer, to
rH. 62 From the ſalt jayoury oy/ters there dreaged.
publick goed ; for 30 Fariſhes ther. about are rept: ſta with Ch:T75-
6: Who had th: command thei of nine ports, as the Lord Wardin hath now of f**
63 Euſtace.
6+ As how the blind by drinking thir.of recoverd fight, the aum9
Pe |
their ſprech, the deaf their hearing, the lame th: ir lambs. And haw a woman prfſ.'d of the Devil, ſipping thereof wemitea rwo itadsy which 1
mediacely were firſt transform'd into huge black dugs, and again into afſes.
as eafily believ'a, as others jaſly forg'a. 7 hence the Srour lc avin
by deſcent from Philip Belknap ard Peopleſham ; goeth on 70 chilk
mens by the name of Lord of Clailham.
59 +
I
any © c.
Grd much mae no teſs ſtrange than riaiculonts, whith ſon? in that age
E:it well, the irzhalitation of the jawily of the Fitkches. worfhirful of ir fit, ard
& Afterward of Sir Alcxar.cer Buiic), 2 ko wat (a8'd 10 Pa7id-
body
— =
ground, and to overlay them with great quaniiries of
are very common) we ſee Reculver, in Saxon Reg- !
culx, bur formerly by the Romans and Britains Re- 8;
"d -
It 0.48
Next 15 Chilham, or as others call it Chiba
For as a C2r- Firm
4%,
4
which 15 made Stour rs
Newt 0
J Wa
05
body tkrown into the fire ; a puniſhment too inhu- |
mane, and but very ſeldom made ule of in this king:
dom. Upon this his goods being confiſcate , King
Edward the firſt frankly gave this Cattle with the
Hundred of Felebergh ro © Bartholomew de Badil/mer ;
but he too within a ſhort time forteited both of chem
tor Treaſon, as I obſerved bur juſt now.
'Tis a current report among the Inhabitants that
Julius Czar encampt here in his fecond expedicion
againſt the Britains, and that thence it was calld
Fulham, as if one thould ſay Fulixs's ſtation or beuſe ;
and if I miſtake not, they have truth on their ſide.
For Czar himſelf cells us, that after he had march'd
by night 12 miles from che ſhore, he firſt encounter'd
the Britains upon a River,and after he had beatthem
into the woods,that he encamp'd there;where the Bri-
tains having cut down a great number of trees, were | i
poſted ina place wonderfully fortify'd both by nature
and art. Now this place isexactly ewelve miles from
the ſea-coalt,nor is there e're a river between ; fo that
of neceflity his firſt march muſt have been hither ;
where he kept his men encamp'd for ten days,till he
had refitted his fleet ſthatter'd very much by a tem-
peſt, and got it to ſhore. Below this town is a green
barrow, {aid to be the burying place of one Ful
Laber many ages ſince ; who ſome will cell you was
a Giant, others a Witch. For my own part , imagi-
ning all along that there might be ſomething of real
Antiquity couch'd under that name, I am almoſt
perſwaded that Laber:us Durms the Tribune, flain by
the Britains in their march from the Camp we
ſpoke of, was buried here ; and that from him the
Barrow Was call'd Ful-laber | y].
At five miles diſtance from hence, the Stour divi-
ding it's chanel , runs with a violent current to Du- |
ir- rovernum, the chiet City of this County, to which it
gives the name; for Durwhern ſignifies in Britiſh a
rapid river. It 1s call'd by Ptolemy, inftead of Duro-
vernum, Darvernum; by Bede and others, Dorobernia;
by the Saxons Cant-pana-bypig, 1.E. the City of the
people of Kent ; by Ninnius and the Britains Caer Kerr,
Cxrnibury 1. E. the City of Kent ; by us Canterbury ,and by the La-
tins Cantuaria. A very ancient City , and no doubt
famous in the times ot the Romans. Not wery large
(as Malmesbury ſays ©) nor wery little ; famons for it's
ſituation, for the fatne(s of the neig hbourmg ſoil, for the
walls encloſing ut being entire, for us convenience for wa-
ter and wood ; and beſides, by reaſon of the nearneſs of the
Sea it has fiſh in abundance. While the Saxon Heptar-
chy flourith'd, it was the Capital city of the King-
dom of Kent, and the ſeat of cheir Kings; till King
Erhelbert gave it with the Royalties to Aujiin ®, con-
" fecrated ys of the Engliſh nation ; who here
tix'd a ſeat for bimfelf and Succeflors. And tho? the
Mctropolitan-dignity with the honour of the Pal
(chis was a Biſhop's veſtment, going over the ſhoul-
ders, made of a ſheep's skin, in memory of him
who ſo1ght the Loſt ſheep , and when he had found
it, lay'd it on his ſhoulders ; embroider'd with Crof-
ſcs, and taken off the body or coffin of S. Peter)
were ſettI'd at London by S. Gregory, Pope; yet for
the honour of S. Auguſtine it was remov'd hither.
For Kenulfus King of the Mercians writes thus to
Pope Leo. Becauſe Auguſtine of bleſſed memory (who
firſt preach'd the word of God to the Engliſh nation, and
gloriouſly preſided over the Churches of Saxony in the city
of Canterbary) # now dead, and bu body buryd in the
Church of S. Peter , Prince of the Apoſtles ( which hu
Succeſſor Laurentins conſecrated; ) it ſeemeth good to all the
Wiſe men of our nation, that that city ſhould have the
Metropolitan honour, where his body s bury'd who planted
the true faith in thoſe parts. But whether the Archi-
epiſcopal See and Metropolitical Dignity of our na-
tion,were ſettPd here by the authority of the Wiſe men
1. E. (to ſpeak agreeably to our preſent times) by au-
thority of Parliament; or by Auſtin himſelf in his
lite time, as others would have it : 'cis certain that | mas Sper has told us) wich this Epitaph :
— am
—
n Ar the Diſſolorion, the plate and jewels thereof Ad rwo great cheſts,
Monat, Angl. vol. 1. p.18.
* Sir Bartholomew—-— - © Pur hundred year; ſince.
the Popes immediately ſucceeding , fixt it ſo firm,
chat they decreed an Anarhems and hell-fire to any
one that ſhould preſume to remove it. From that
time 'ris credible how it has flouriſhe, both by rea-
lon of the Archiepiſ:opal dignity,and alf> of a School
which Theodore the ſeventh Archbiſhop founded
chere. And tho' it was ſhatter'd in the Daniſh wars,
and has been feveral times almoſt quite deſtroy'd by
the caſualties of fire, yet it always roſe again with
greater beauty,
Afcer the coming in of the Normans, when Wil-
liam Rufus (as 'tis in the Regiſter of S. Auguſtine's
Abby) gave the City of Canterbary entirely to the Biſhops,
which they bad formerly held only by o—_ what by
the name of Religion , and bounty of it's Prelates
(Rey of Simon Sadbary, who repaird the walls, )
it did not only recruit, but altogether on a ſudden
roſe up to that ſplendour , as even for the beauty of
rs private buildings to be equal to any city in Britain;
but tor the magniticence of it's Churches , and their
number, exceeds even ths beft of them. Amongſt
theſe there are two peculiarly eminent , Chrifts and
S. Auſtin's, both for Benediftine Monks As for
Cbriſt-Church, *tis in the very heart of the City , and
riſes up with ſo much Majeſty , that ic imprints a
fort of a Religious veneration at a diſtance. The
{ame Auſtin 1 ſpoke of, repaird this Church, which
(as Bede tells us) had formerly been built by the Ro-
mans that were Chriſtians : he dedicated it to Chriſt,
and it became a See for his Succeffors, which 72
Archbiſhops have now in a continu'd ſeries been pol-
ſelsd of, Of whom, Lanfank and William Corboyl ,
when that more ancient fabrick was burnt down,
rais'd the wpper part of the Church to that Majeſty
wherewith it now appears ; as their Succefſors did
the Jower part : both done at great charges, to which
the pious ſuperſtition of former ages contributed.
For numbers of all forts, both higheſt, middle, and
loweſt quality,flock'd hicher with large offerings,to viſie
the Tomb of T. Becker Archbiſhop. He was lain in this
Church by the Courtiers, for oppoſing the King
too refolutely and warmly by aflerting the Liberties
of the Church; was regiſter'd on that account by the
Pope in the Kalendar of Martyrs , had divine ho-
nours pay'd him, and was fo loaded with rich offer-,
ings, that gold was one of the vileſt Treaſures of his
Shrine. AY (lays Eraſmus, who was an eye-wicneſs)
ſhin'd, ſpark'd, glitter d with rare and wery large jew-
els ; and even in the whole Church appear d a profuſeneſs
above that of Kings ". So that the name of Chr:/# | ro
whom it was dedicated | was almoſt quite laid afide
for that of S. Thomas. Nor was it ſo much famd
for any other thing as the memory and burial of this
man, tho' it has ſome other tombs that may deſerved-
ly be boaſted of , particularly , Edward Prince of
Wales, firnam'd the Black ( a heroe for his valour in
war a downright miracle, } and Henry 4. that porence
King of England. But King Henry 8. diſpers'd all
this wealth that had been fo long in gathering, and
drove out the Monks; in lieu whereof this Chrilt-
Church has a Dean, Archdeacon, 12 Prebendaries,
and 6 Preachers, whoſe buſineſs it is to ſow the word
of God in the neighbouring places. Ir had another
Church below the city to the Eaſt 3 which diſputed
preeminence with this, known by thename of S. Au- 5:._1ug,
/tin's, becauſe S An/tin himſelf and K. Echelbert by /#in-'s com-
. oy . ]
his advice, founded it to che honour of S. Peter and £77...
S. Paul, for a burying place both to the Kings of
Kent and the Archbiſhops, (for it was not then law-
fu to bury in Cities:) it was richly endow'd, and
che Abbot there had a Mint granted him , and the
Privilege of coyning money. Now, as the great-
eſt parc of it lyes in its own ruines, and the relt is
eurn'd into a houſe for the King, any one that be-
holds it may eaſily apprehend what ic has been. Au-
iv himſelf was bury'd in che Porch of it, and (as 7ho-
—
each whereof requird cight men to carry them out of the Church.
6 The Apoſtle, as they calld him.
N 2 bnclytw
4
199
CNT
— —
FU M:
Inclytus Anglorum praſul pius, & decus altum,
Hic Auguſtinuz yequieſcit corpore ſanttus.
The Kingdom's honour, and the Church's grace,
Here Auſtin, England's bleſt Apoſtle, lays.
Put Bede, * who is better authority, aſſures us, that
he had over him this much more ancient Inſcription,
HIC REQVIESCIT DOMINVS AVGVSTI-
NVS DOROVERNENSIS AKRCHIEPISCOPVS
PRIMVS, QVI OLIM HVC A BEATO GRE
GORIO ROMANAE VRBIS PONTIFICE DI
RECTVS, ET A DEO OPERATIONE MIRA-
CYVLORVM SVFFVLTVS, ET ETHELBER-
THVM REGEM AC GENTEM ILLIVS AB
IDOLORVM CVLTV AD FIDEM CHRISTI
PERDVXIT, ET COMPLETIS IN PACE DI-
EBVS OFFICIHI SVI DEFVNCTVS EST SEP-
TIMO KALENDAS IVNIAS, EODEM REGE
REGNANTE.
That «,
Here refteth S. Auguſtine the firit Archbiſhop of Can-
terbury, who being formerly diſpatch'd hither by the bleſ-
ſed Gregory, Biſhop of Rome, and ſupported of God by the
working of miracles ; both drew Ethelberbt with hs
kingdom from the worſhip of Idols to the faith of Chri#t ;
and alſo having fulfil'd the days of hu Office, dy'd on the
7th of the Kalends of Fune, m the ſame King's reign.
With him there were bury'd in the ſame porch the
ſx Archbiſhops that immediately ſucceeded ; and
in honour of the whole ſeven, namely, Auſtin, Lau-
rentius, Mellitus, Fuſtus, Honorius, Deus-dedit , and
Theodofius, were thoſe verſes engraven in marble.
SEPTEM SUNT ANGLI PRIMATES ET
PROTOPATRES,
SEPTEM RECTORES, SEPTEM COELOQVE
TRIONES ;
SEPTEM CISTERNAE VITAE, SEPTEMQVE
LVCERNAE ;
ET SEPTEM PALMAE REGNI, SEPTEMQVE
CORONAE,
SEPTEM SVNT STELLAE, QUAS HAEC
TENET AREA CELLAE.
Seven Pat:iarchs of England, Primates ſeven :
— —
Metropolitans of all England, This dignity was lately
poſle(s'd by the molt reverend Father in God, Joh;
IVhirgift ; who, having conſecrated his whole life to
God, and his utmoſt endeavou:s to the ſervice of the
Church, dy'd in the year 1604. extremely lament-
ed by all good men. He was ſucceeded by Richard
Bancroft, a man of ſingular courage and prudence in
matters relating to the eſtabliſhmenc of che Church,
Canterbury is 51 degrees, 16 minutes in Latitude ;
and 24 degrees, 51 minutes in Longitude | xx ].
Afttcr Stour has gather'd it's waters into one chanel,
it runs by Hackington, where Lora Countels of Lecce: jv.
ſer, a very honorable Lady in her time, quitting the tou.
pleaſures of the world, ſequeſter'd her ſelf from all
commerce with it, to have her time entire for the
ſervice of God. At which time, Baldwin, Arch.
biſhop of Canterbury, began a Church in this plac:
to the honour of S. Stephen, and Thomas of Canter-
bury ; but the Authority of the Pope prohibiting ir,
-|for fear it ſhould tend to the prejudice of the Monks
of Canterbury, he ler his delign tall. However, from
that time the place has kept the name of S. Stephens ; x, v...;,
and Sir Roger Manwood Knight, Lord chiet Baron of
the Exchequer, a perſon of great knowledge in our
Common Law ( to whoſ2 muniticence the poor in-
habitants are very much indebted ) was lately it's
greateit ornament; nor is his fon Sir Peter Mamword,
Knight of the Bath, a lefs honour to it at this day ;
whom I could not but mention with this reſpe& and
deference, ſince he is an encouraper of virtue, learn-
ing, and learned men. From hence the Sreur, by
Fordich ( which in Domeſday-book is call'd rhe little Burdick,
burrough of Forewich ) famous for it's excellent crouts,
paſles on to Sturemouth, 9 where it divides it's waters
(up ewo chanels, and leaving that name, is call'd
| Wantſume, and makes the Iſle of Thaner on the welt 1!:i7%
| and ſouth ſides, which on other parts is waſh'd by *
'the ſea. Solinus nam'd this Arhanaton, and in other
| Copies Thanaton ; the Britains Ins Ruhin ( as Aſler
witneſles,) poflibly for Rhurupin, trom che City Rhu-
|tupium hard by ; the Saxons Tanesz and Tanezlans;
'and we Tener. The foil is all a white chalk, very 7.
| fruitful in corn and graſs; 'cis in length 8 miles, and
| 4 in breadth ; and was look'd upon tormerly to have
ome ſix hundred || families in it, upon which account | wm
Seven Cilterns pure of life, ſeven Lamps of light, | there is corruptly read in Bede, milliarium fexcentorum, "*"**
Seven Palms, and of this Realm ſeven Crowns full !: e, 600 miles, inſtead of familiarum ſexcentarum, 600 ;1. 4, 4
bright. ' families. As to what Solinus obſerves, that there are ©
Seven Stars are here beſtow'd in vault below. |
Seven Rectors, and ſeven Labourers in heaven.
Ie will not be very material to take notice of
another Church near this, which (as Bede has
it) was buile by the Romans, and dedicated to
S. Martin; and in which ( before the coming of |
Auſtin ) Bertha, of the blood Royal of the Franks,
and wife of Erhelbert, was usd to have divine Ser-
vice celebrated, according to the Chriſtian Reli-
gion. As to the Caſtle, which appears on the ſouth.
tide of the City with it's decay'd bulwarks, ſince
it does not ſeem to be of any great Antiquity, I
have nothing memorable to ſay of it; but only,
that it was built by the Normans. Ot the dignity of |
the See of Canterbury, which was formerly very
great, I ſhall only ſay chus much ; that as in former
ages, under the Hierarchy of the Church of Rome,
the Archbiihops of Canterbury were Primates of al
England, Legates of the Pope, and (as Pope Urban 2. +
exprelsd it) as it were, Patriarchs of another world ;
ſo when the Pope's Authority was thrown off, it was
decreed by a Synod held in the year 15 34. that lay.
ing alide that title, they ſhould be ſtil'd Primates and
place of refuge, and here ic was that Guortimer the
Bricain gave them that bloody defeat, when at the
Laps Titul: (for fo Ninnius calls it, as we almoſt in ; ,.,;
the ſame ſenſe, Sronar; and ? ic appears to have been:
a haven, ) he oblig'd them to make a haſty and dit-
orderly retreat to their Pennaces, or little boats. In
which place (as the fame Author te!ls us ) he com-
manded them to bury him, becauſe he thought that
might curb the inſo;ence of the Saxons: like Sc:p:
Africanns, who order'd his Tomb to be fo contriv d
as to look towards Africa, thinking even the ſight ot
it would caſt a damp upon the Carthaginians. It was
allo in this Iſland, at Wippedfleete ( fo call'd from Wip-
ped a Saxon {lain there, ) chat Hengiſt rouced che
Britains, after they were almoſt worn out with io
many engagements { z |}. Many years after, Auſtin
landed in this Iſland, to whoſe bletling the credulous
Primare
and Mctro-
* Tho” Bede may be otherwiſe very good authority, yet here he certainly fails ; for the title 4rchicpiſcopus occurring in ir, is a plain evidence that
'ris ot later date, fince that title could not be then in the Weſtern Church ; nor was it ailow'd commonly to pecans ( as Mabillen and vihers
have obſery+d) till about the ninth age. See Stillingfleet's Origin. Briran. p. 21, 22. ? That it was a haven is plainly prov'd by Mr. Somner from
old Records, wherein it is written Eftanore ; which ore implies a landing-place, in the ſame ſenſe that ir does in erdiceſore, Cymeneſors, &&
But then that deſtroys the analogy in ſenſe between Lapis tituli and Stonar, upon which our Author grounds his conjecture,
69 Which it bath now forſaken a mile and more, yet left and bequeathed his name to it. But now by Stoure-mouth rumneth a brook, which iſuing
our of S. Eadburgh's Well atLiming ( where the daughter to K. Ethelberr, firſt of our nation tock the Veil ) while it jecketh the ca, ſeeth Elham ®
poliran of
all Eng-
land.
1arket town, of which I have read nothing, but that the manour was the inheritance 6 Julian Leibourn, & Laey «i great honour in her tiwe. whe
was mother of Laurence Haltings forft Earl of Pembroke of that ſirname, and after wife to William Clinton Eari of Huntingren. Then it holder
his courſe by divers Villages, which thereof receive the addition of Bourn, as Biſhops-bourn, Hawles-bourn, Patricks-bourn, and Beakes- bourn. Thi
Bourn # that river Stoure, as Ceſar calleth it ( as 1 have obſerv/d travelling lately in theſe parts) which «© &/ar came unto, when he had march
by night almoft 12 Italian miles from the ſea-coaft, and where he had the firft encounter, in hus ſecond expedition into Eritain, with the Britain's
whom ke drave into the woods, where they had a place fortified both by nature and men's labour, with a uumber of trees hewen down, and plojÞe® 10
forecloſe the entries. But yet the Romans forc'd au entry, drave them out, and thereabeut encamped. The place of Camp, as 1 bear, is n#r
Hazecs, 4 place of ancient Gentlemen of chat ſirname, deſcended from Eitengrave, Herengod, and the Fuz Bernards, Pri q
cients
A EX.
— — — —
Prieſts aſcrib'd the fruitfulneſs of it ; and Gotcelin, a
Monk, gives us this rant ; Taner, @ /and bappy in it's
fuitfulneſs, but moit of all bappy for it's affording recep-
tion to ſo many gueſts who brought God along with them,
or rather, to ſo many citizens of heaven. Egbert, third
King of Kent, to appeaſe the Lady Dommeua, whom
he had formerly very much injur'd, granted her a
| fair eſtate here, upon which ſhe built a Nunnery for
-o Virgins : Mildred was Priorels there, who for her
ſanctity was kalender'd among the Saints. The
Kings of Kent were very liberal to it ; eſpecially
Withred, who (to make a judgment of the cuſtom
of that age from his Donation ) to complete his confir-
mation, laid a turf of the ground be gave, upon the holy
Altar. Afterwards this Iſland was ſo peſter d with rhe
plundering Danes ( who by all kinds of cruelty polluted
this Monaſtery ef Domneua's ) that it did not recover
it ſelf betore the ſettlement of che Norman Govern-
ment **.
Nor muſt I here omit the mention of a thing very
f much to the honour of the inhabitants, thoſe eſpect-
FE ally who live by the roads or harbours of Margar,
Ram(gate, and Brodjtear. For they are exceeding in-
duſtrious, are as it were Amphibious creatures, and
get their living both by fea and land: they deal in
both e:ements, are both fiſhers and ploughmen, both
husbandmen and mariners; and the ſeit ſame hand
that holds the plough, ſteers the ſhip likewiſe. Ac- |
cording to the ſeveral ſeaſons,” they make nets, fiſh
for * Cod, Herring, and Mackarel ; go to ſea, and
export their commodities. And thoſe very men too
dung their ground, plough, ſow, harrow, reap, inne ;
being quick ar both employments: and thus the
courle of their Labours runs round. And when there
happen any ſhipwracks, as there do here now and
-. then, (for thoſe ſhallows and 7 ſhelves fo much dread-
ed by ſea-men, lye full over againſt it, the Godwzn, of
which in its proper place among the Iſlands, he
Brakes, the Four-foot, the Whitdick, &c.) they are
very induſtrious in their endeavours to fave the
L ading.
On the ſouth-ſide of the mouth of Wanthum (which |
they imagine has chang'd its chanel) and over.
apainſt the INand, was a City, call'd by Ptolemy
+. Rbutupie ; by Tacitus Portus Trutulenſis for Rhutupen-
*1:;- ſis, if B. Rhenanus's conjecture hold good ; by Anto-
ninus Rhirupss portus 3 by Ammianus Rbutupie ſt atio ;
by Oroſius the port and city of Rhutubus ; by the Sa- |
x0ns ( according to Bede ) Repraceſter, and by others
Ruptimuth ; by Alfred of Beverley Richberge ; and at
this day Richberrow : thus has time ſported in
making alterations of the very fame name | aa |].
What the original ot it may be, is not certainly
agreed upon. Bur ſince Sandwich and Sandibay, pla-
ces near this, have their name from Sand, and Rhyd
{ufb in Britiſh tenities a ſandy ford, I would willing-
ly, if I durſt, fetch ic trom thence. The City was
itterch'd out along the defcent of a hill ; and there
was a tower upon a high ground, that over-Jook'd the
Ocean, which now the ſands have ſo entirely exclu-
ded, that it ſcarce comes within a mile of it. When
the Romans govern'd here, it was exceeding famous.
From hence they commonly fer ſail out of Britain for
te Continent, and here the Roman fleets arriv'd,
Lupicinus, fent over into Britain by Conſtantius, to
!top the excurſions of the Scots and Picts, landed here
tne Herul;, the Batawvians, and the Mzſian Regiments,
And Theodofius, father of Theodofius the Emperour
(to whom, as Symmachus tells us, the Senate de-
creed {tatues on horſe-back for having quieted Bri-
fin) came to land here with his Herculu, Fovii,
Vittores, Fidentes (which were ſo many Cohorts of
the Romans.) Afterwards when the Saxon pirates
ltoppd up all trade by ſea, and inteſted our coaſts
|
[
|
|
j
'
[
'
;
F
#
poſlibly bore by that Clemens Maximas, who after he
was ſaluted Emperour by the foldiery in Britain, flew
Gratian, and was himſelf afterwards ſlain by Theodo-
ffus at Aquileia. For Auſonius, in his Verſes concern-
ing Aquileza, calls him Rbutupinum Latronem, 1. e. the
Rhutupian Robber :
Maximus armigeri quondam {ub nomine lixe.
Felix que tants ſpettatrix leta triumpht,
Fudiſt: Auſonio Rhutupinum Marte latronem.
Vile Maximzs, at firſt a knapſack rogue.
O happy you who all the eriumph view'd,
And the Rbutupian thief with Roman arms ſubdu'd !
There was alſo another Preſident of Rhutupie, Fla-
wins Santtus, whole memory the ſame Poet has pre-
ſerv'd in his Parentalia, ſpeaking thus of him ;
Militiam nullo qui turbine ſedulus egit,
Prefſide latatus quo || Rhatupmus ager.
Who bore with eaſe the long tatigues of war,
And bleſt Rhurupium with his conſtant care.
Auſonius likewiſe beſtows an Elegy upon his uncle
Claudius Contentus, who had put to uſury a great
ſtock of money among the Britains, and mightily
encreas\ the principal by intereſt ; but being cur off
by death, left ic all co foreigners, and was bury'd here.
Et patruos Elegeia meos remmiſcere cantus,
Contentum, tellus quem KR butupina tegit.
And let my Uncle grace the Ka Wn ſound,
Contentus, buried in Rhutupian ground,
This Rbutupie flouriſh'd likewiſe after the coming
in of the Saxons. For Authors tell us, it was the pa-
lace of Echelbert King of Kent; and Bede honours
ic with the name of a Ciry. Bur trom that cime for-
ward it decay'd; nor is it ſo much as mention'd by
any writer, except Alfed of Beverley, who has told
us how Alcher wich his Kentiſh men routed the
Danes then encumber'd with the ſpoil, about this
place call'd at that time Richberge. But now age
has eras'd the very tracks of it; and to teach us thac
Cities dye as well as men, it is at this day a corn-
held, wherein when the corn is grown up, one may
obſerve the draughts of ſtreets crofling one another,
( tor where they have gone che corn is thinner,) and
luch croſſings they commonly call $. Auguſtine's croſs.
Nothing now remains, but ſome ruinous walls of a
rower 7*, of a ſquare form, and cemented with a fſorr
of ſand extremely binding. One would imagine
this had been the Acropolz, it looks down from fo
great a height upon the wet plains in Thaner, which
the Ocean, withdrawing it ſelf by little and lictle,
has quite left. But the plot of the City, now plow'd,
has often caſt up the marks of it's Antiquity, gold
and filver coyns of the Romans; and ſhews its daugh-
ter a lictle below, call'd from the Sand, by the Sa-
xons Son>pic, and by us Sandwich | bb]. This is an wich,
one of the Cinque-Ports, as they call them ; fenc'd
on the north and weſt fides with walls: on the reſt
with a rampire, 'a river, and a ditch. As it was for-
merly ſenſible of the fury of the Danes, fo was ic in
the laſt age of the fire of the French. Now tis pret-
ty populous ; tho? the haven (by reaſon of the fands
heapd in, and that great ſhip of burthen of Pope
Paul the fourth's, ſunk in the very chanel) has
—— —
pr EE
'* Here alſo landed Lewis of France, who, called in by the tumultuous Barons of England againift King John, publiſhed,
kis notorious treaſon againft King Richard bw brot
h of King Richard, the right o: the Crown was devolved t9 the Q). of C
'd over their right to the [aid Lewis and his wife hey daughter. Alſo that
pretemnaed right to the Crown of England. For that whereas King John >
Land, was by kis Peers lawfully condemned ; and therefore after the deat:
ile, lifter rs the ſaid K. Richard ; and that jhe and her heirs had c
their inſtigation, a
, abſent in the Hol
King John had forfeit.d his kingdom both by the murder of his Nephew Arthur, whereot le was 'ound guilty by hu Peers in France ; and alſo by ſub-
Jecting bis K ingdoms, which were always free, to the Pope, a* much as in him lay, contrary to hs 0ach at his Coronation, and that withour the con-
Jent or the Peers of the Realm, &c.
'* Of rough flint, and long Britain bricks -—- __—_—
Whereof is fixed a head of # perſaiage engraven in |
B hich I leave to Hiſtorians, with the ſutceſ; of his Expedition, left I might ſeem to digreſ: extraordinarily.
engthned by tra of time. ſo that the cement us as hard as the ftone. Over the
one ; ſome ſay it was Aueen Bertha's head, but 1 rake it to be a Reman work,
enerÞ
nog
CANTIVU M.
_ depth enough to carry veſſels of the larger |
ort ”*. |
Below Rhutupie, Ptolemy places the promontory |
Cantium, as the utmoſt cape Of this angle ; read
corruptly in ſome Copies, Nucantium, and Acantinm ; |
call'd by Diodorus Carzon, and by us at this day , rhe
Foreland. Notwithſtanding, the whole ſhore all here-
abouts is call'd by the Poets rhe Rharupian ſhore, from
Rhutupiz. From whence is that of Javenal (where |
heSatyrically inveighs againſt Curtis Montanns,a nice | FER :
delicare Epicure,) concerning the oyſters carry'd to| Bur as to Czfar's ations in our Kingcom , learn |
Rome from this ſhore. them from himlelf,and from what we have laid con- |”
cerning them before. For it has not been my good
fortune ro converſe with that old Bricaine, whom M.
: Aper (as Quintilian ſays) faw in this Iſland,that con-
Gt fefſed he was in the barrel againſt Czfar when the Bri-
Oftres, callebat primo Yeprendere verſes. | tains endeavoured to keep him from landing; and
The exquiliceſt Pore OOO L | befide 'tis not my preſentdefign to write a Hiſtory 5+.
He, whether Circe's rocks his oy on as | Juſt upon this thore are ridges for a long way to-
Wn Lucr TL oo ge the ge er "y * 1d cell gether, like ſo many rampires, which ſome ſuppole
nord pic tba taxa = ſhell | che wind has ſwept up together. Bur I fancy it has
A crab or lobſter's country by the hell. | been a fence or rather a tation or ſort of Ship-camp, c«i?,
And Lucan: | which Czfar was ten days and as many nights in ma. '*-4
| | king, to draw into it his ſhatter'd ſhips; and fo fecure
Aut waga cam Thetis, Rhutupindque littora fervent. 5) P53
hy chem both againſt rempeſts, and alſo againſt the Bri.
Or when Rbutupian billows beat the ſhore. rains, who made ſome attempts upon them, but with -
From the Promontory Cantium, the ſhore running | out fuccels. For I amtold, that the Inhabitants call
on ſouthward for fome miles, is indented with the | this Rampire Romes-work , as if one ſhould ſay, The
riſings of ſeveral hills. Burt when it comes to Sandon | work of the Romans. And 1 am the rather inclind
(i. e. a ſandy 'hill) and 73 Deale [bbb], two neighbour- | to believe that Czfar landed here , becauſe himſelf
ing caſtles, built by K. Henry 8: within the memory tells us that ſeven miles from hence (tor fo an ancient
ot our Fathers, it falls, and lyes plain and open -ro Copy corrected by FI. Conſtantinus, a man of Con-
the fea. That Cxfar landed at this Deale, call'd by | fular dignity, reads it) the Sea was fo narrowly
Ninnius Dole (and in my Judgment, very righe ; for | pent upbetween mountains , that one might fling a
our Britains at this day do 1» call a low open plain | dart from the higher places thereabours to the ſhore.
upon the ſea, or upon a river,) is a current opinion ; | And all along from Deale,a ridge of high rocks (call'd
and Ninnius promotes it, when he tells us in his bar- | by Cicero Moles magnifice, ſtately clitts) abounding
445-0 Daw barous ſtile,that * Czſar fought a battle ut Dole. A Ta- | with Samphire, in Latin Crythmus and Sampetra, runs Sn
pugnavit. ble alſo hung up in Dover-caſtle, confirms the fame | about ſeven miles to Dover ; where it gapes and opens
Hinc & Scava ſatus, pars non obſcura tumult us
Civil, Magnum folus qui mole ſoluta
Obfedit, meliorque ſtetit pro Czſare murus.
Hence mighty Sc&#wva too derives his ſtem,
Scewva 1n Roman Wars no vulgar name.
He, when he {aw the batter'd turrer fall,
Back'c with irs ruines, ſtood himlelf a wall :
Unmov'd the vain aſſaults of Pompey bore,
A ſtronger fortreſs than had been before.
—yulli major fuit ſus edendi
Tempeſtate mea, Circats nata forent, an
Lucrinums ad ſaxum, Rhutupinove edita fando
thing ; and Czfar adds ſtrength to it , when he ſays | it ſelf to paſſengers. And the nature of the place an-
that he landed upon an open and plain ſhore,and that | ſwers Czfar's character of it, receiving and encloſing
he was very warmly receiv'd by the Britains. Where. | the fea berween two hills. In this break of chat ridge
upon our Countryman Leland in his Cygna Cantio, | of rocks lyes Dubris, mention'd by Antoninus, cal- p;
| Iedin Saxon Doppa,and by us Dover. Darellus writes ne
| out of Eadmer that the name was piven it from be-
Tattat Dela nowas celebris arces,
Notws Celareis locus tropbeis.
And lofty Deles proud towers are ſhown,
Where C/ar's trophics grace the town.
| ing ſhut up and hard to come to. For (ſays he) b:-
| eanſe in old time rhe Sea making a large harbour in that
| place ſpread it ſelf wery wide, they were put under a ne-
For he (to take the liberty of a ſmall digrefſion) | ceſſiry of ſhatting it up within cloſer bounds. But Willi-
having, as Pomponius Sabinus tells us out of Seneca, | am Lambard with greater ſhew of probability fetches
{ubdu'd all by Sea and Land, caſt his eyes towards the | che name from Dufyrrha , which in Britiſh fignities a
Ocean: and as ifthe Roman world were not enough | feep place. The Town, which is feated among the
for him , began to think of another ; and with a | rocks (where the haven it felf formerly was, while
thouſand fail of Ships (for ſo Athenzus has it out of | the ſea came up farther , as is gathered from the an-
chors and planks of ſhips digg'd up) is morenoted for
Cota)enter'd Britaine, 54 years before Chriſt ; and
the convenience of its harbour, (though it has now
the next year after, a ſecond time : either to revenge
himſelf upon the Britains , for being afliſting to the | bur little of that left ic) and the paſſage from thence
into France, than either it's neatneſs, or populouſneſs.
Ceſar's at-
renipt UPUn
B:irain.
Sce the title
ot Romans
in Britain,
Gauls , as Strabo will have it ; or out of hopes of
Britiſh pearls, as Suetonius ; or inflam'd with a defire
of glory, as others tell us. He had beforehand in-
form'd himſelf of the havens and the paſlage , not as
* Roger Bacon would perſwade us, by the help of
magnilying glaſſes from the coaſt of France , and by
Art Perſpective , which plainly diſcovers the little
dwindling atoms ; but by Spies, as hoth himſelf and
Suetonius witneſs, What he did here , himſelf has
given us a pretty large account, and I out of him,and
out of the loſt monuments of Snetonius concerning
' Scava, who particularly fignaliz'd his valour at Dyr-
rachium, in the Civil wars; and whom our Coun-
For it is a famous paſſage ; and it was formerly pro-
vided by Law chat no perſon going out of the King-
dom in pilgrimage, ſhould take ſhipping at any other
harbour. Ir isalſo one of the Cinque-ports, and was
formerly bound to find 21 Ships for the Wars, in thz
ſame manner and form as Haſtings, of which we have
ſpoken. On that part which lyes towards the Oce-
an, now excluded by the beach, it had a wall, of
which there is ſome part remains ſtill. Ir had a
Church dedicated to St. Mzvtin.founded by ! Whitred
King of Ken: ; and a houſe of Knights-Templars ,
which is now quite gone : it alſo aftords a ſeat to the
eryman TFoſeph, the Poet, in his Antzoches, particular-| Archbiſhop of Canterbury's Suffragan, who,whenthe ,,4v
ly, in thoſe verſes relating'to Britaine, will have'tobe | Archbiſhop is raken up with more weighty affairs, ©
of Britiſh extraction;though'l queſtion the truth of it. | manages ſuch things as concern good order, but does |.
trages
—
7 I think moſt of our Hiſtorians, ar leaſt the more ancient ones, call him Wihrred.
1: In ancient times it ſundry times felt the furious forces of the Danes. Afterward, King Kanutus the Dane , when he had gained the Crmw"i of
England, b:ſtow'd it upon Chriſt's Church in Canterbury, with the royalty of the water on each ſide, ſo far ſorth as a ſhip being afloat a man m:gtts cat
a Daniſh hatchet out of the Veſſel to the bank. In the Norman reign it was reckon'd onzof the Cinque torts, and to fma froe ſhips. In the year 12'/-
Lewis of France, of w we -ſpake lately, burned it. King Edward 1. for a:7me plac'd here the Staple ; and King Edward 3. by exchange re-1niitd
it tothe Crown. About which time there flouriſhed here a Fanny firnamed De Sandwico, which had matched with one of the Heirs of Creveceur #74
D'*auranches Lord of Folkeſton , and di/erved well of this place. In the time of King Henry 6. it was burned by the French. In our days Sir Roger Mar-
wood, chief Paron of the Exchiyuer, a Native of thrs place, built and endowtd bere @ free ſchool; and the Netherlanders have bettered che Town)
making and trading of Baies and other Commodities. 73 Deale andWalmar three neig/hbour-caſtles, 1+ But @ Topography.
F
not
A OA
: K EF.
—
N T.
not meddle in the buſinzfsof Epiſzopal Jurildition.
There is a large caſtle like a littke cicy , with ſtrong
fortifications and a great many towers, which, as it
were, threatens che tea under it from a hill, or rather
a rock, upon the righe hand, that is on every fide
rugged and ſteep, bur towards the ſea riſes to a won-
dertul height. Matthew Paris calls it, The Key and
barre of England. The common people dream of it's
being buile by Julius Cxfar : and I conclude that it
was tirft buile by the Romans, from thoſe Britiſh bricks
in the Chapel , which they usd in their larger ſort of
buildings. When the Roman Empire began to ha-
4% WL... {ten to it's end, a * company of the Tungricaxs, who
yaa”
— -
4_-
R-:.1\C1S.
&>y
-
|
.
"11
"4
Y LEI
2'',
,
ks.
- ”.
were reckon'd among the Aids Palatine, were plac'd
by chem here in garrifon; part of whole armour thoſe
great arrows ſeem to have been , 7 which they us'd
to ſhoot our of + engines like large Croſs bows, and
which are” now ſhown in the Cattle as miracles. Be-
tween the coming in of the Saxons and the end of
their government, | havenot mer with ſo much as the
leaſt mention eicher of this Caltle or the Town, un-
leſs it be in ſome looſe papers tranſcrib'd from a Ta-
ble hang'd up and kept here; which tell us that Czfar
after he had landed at Deale, and had beaten the
Bricains at Baramdowne, (a plain hard by, paffable for
horſes, and kc to draw up an army in,) began to build
Dover-caltle ; and that Arviragus afterwards forti-
tyd it againſt the Romans, and ſhut up the harbour.
Next, that Arthur and his men defeated here I know
not what rebels. However, a lictle before the co-
ming in of the Narmans, it was Jookt upon as the
only ſtrength of England ; and upon that account,
William the Norman, when he had an eye upon the
kingdom, took an oath of Harold, that he ſhould
deliver into his hands this Caſtle with che well. And
And after he had fertld matters in London, herhoughe
nothing of greater conſequence, tharr to forttfie it,
and co aflign to his Nobles large poflethons in Kent,
upon FR that they ſhould be ready wirh a cer-
tain number of Souldiers for che defence of it ; but
that ſervice 15 now redeem'd with fo much money
yearly. For when '* Hubert de Burgo was made Conſt a-
ble of this Caſtle ( thofe_are the words of an ancient
writer ) he, conſidering that it was not for the ſafety of
the Caſtle to hawe new Guards every month , procur'd by
the aſjent of the Kino, and of all that held Fa the Caſtle,
that every Tenant for one month's Guard ſhould ſend his
ten ſhillmgs ; cut ' of which certain perſons eletted and
[worn,as well horſe as foot, ſhould recerve pay, for guarding
the Caſtle. It is reported that Philip firnam'd Auguſtus,
king of France ( when his fon Lewis was laying
new defigns in England;and had taken ſome cities 77,
lhould fay ) My ſom has not yet ſo much as foot bold m
England, if be bave wot got into bis hands the Caſtle of
Dover ; looking upon it ro be the {trongelt place in
England, and to lye moft convenient for France
Upon another rock over againſt this, and of almoſt
an equal height, there are/ to be ſen the remains of
lome ancient building. One author, upon what
grounds 1 know not, has call d it C2/ar's Altar; bur
fobn Twme of Cancerbury, a karned old man, who
when he was younzdaw irialmoſt entire, athrm'd to
me that it was a watch-tower , to dire Sailors by
mght-highes | cc] Such another there was over
azainft it at Bologne im France, built by the Romans,
and a long time after repair'd by Charles the Great,
(as Regino witneſſes, who writes it corruptly Phanum
tor Pharum,) now call'd bythe French Tour 4 Order,
and by the Engliſh, The - old man of Bullen. Under
this rock, within the memory of our Fathers , the
molt potent Prince, King Henry 8. built - a mole or
pile (we call it che Peere) wherein ſhips might + ride
with more fafery. It was done with great Jabour 7,
| and at infinite charge, by faſtning large beams inthe
ka ic ſelf, chen binding them together -wich iron,
and heaping upon ic great quantities of wood and
ſtone, Bur rhe fury and violence of the ſea was
Prince, and the frame of the work by che continua
beating of the waves began to disjoint.
ven years was laid upon every Enplith veſſel chat ei-
ther exported, or imported Conmodiries.
Europe by a narrow fea, where ſome are of opinicn
that ic wrought it ſelf a paſſage thorow. So.inus
calls it Fretum Galicum, or The French ſtraits ; Tacitus
and Ammianus, Fretum Ocean and Oceanum jretalem,
the trait of the Ocean, and, the Ocean-ftrair. Gratius
the Poet rerms it,
Frets Morinim dubio refluentia ponto.
The narrow ſeas on Bullen-coaft that keep uncertain
tides.
the Hollanders Dehofden,from the two Promontories ;
we, The ſtrait of Calle ; the French, Pas de Callas.
For this 15 the place, as a Poct of our own time
has ic,
gemm qud janua ponts
Faucibus anguſtw, lateque frementibus undis
Gallorum fAnglorumgque veras concurrere terras.
Where the two foaming months of boiſt'rous ſeas
Preſerve a narrow, but a dreadful ſpace,
And Britain part from Gaul.
This narrow ſea ( as Marcellinus hath truly obſerv'd )
at every tide ſwells out with terrible waves, and agais
[in the ebb] is as plain as a field 9: Between two 11
ſmgs of the moon it flows twice, and ebbs as often. For
as the moon mounts up towards the meridian, and
after it's ſerring, inthe point oppoſice to it ; the ſea
{wells here exceedingly , and a vaſt body of waters
ruſhes againſt the ſhore with fuch a hideous noiſe,
that the Poer had reaſon enough to ſay,
Rhutupindque littora fervent.
And Rhutup's ſhore doth boil and bellow.
And D. Paulinus, where he ſpeaks of the tract of
the Morins, which he calls the utmoit bound of the
world, \tiles this an Ocean rag ing with barbarous waves.
Give me leave to ſtart a queſtion here, not un-
nius and leiſure, Whether in the place where this
narrow fea parcs Gaul and Britain, there was ever
an Ithwus or neck of land that joyh'd them, and
alrerwards ſplit by the general deluge, or by the
breaking in of the waves, or fome earth-quake, ler
in the waters throwgh it. And certainly no one ought
ro doube, but that the face of the earth has been
chang'd, as well by the deluge, as a long ſeries of
years, and other cauſes ; and that Iſlands, either by
earthquakes, or the drawing back of the waters, have
been joyn'd to the Continent. So allo that Iflands,by
earth-quakes and the ruſhing in of waters, have been
broke off from the Continent, is a point plainly evi-
dent from Authors of the beſt credit. Upon which
Pythagoras in Ovid, 19
Vidi ego quod quondam fuerat ſoildiſſima tellus
Effe fretum ; wvidi fat as ex &quore terras.
Ive feen the ocean flow where lands once ftood ;
I've ſeen firm land where once the ocean flow'd.
For Strabo , inferring what's to come from
what's paſt, concludes that 1#hmmas's or necks of
land, both have been wrought chorow, and will be
again. Tow fee (lays Seneca ) that whole countries are
tore from their places ; and what lay bard by, 1s
youd ſea. Tou ſee a ſeparation of cities and nations, ſo of-
ten as part of Nature either moves of it ſelf , or the
winds drive forward ſome aſt ſea or other 5 the farce
; whereof as drawn from the whole is wonderful. . For tho'
| it rage but in ſome part, yet it 4s of the univerſal power
——<
+ There is at preſent no ſuch thing in che Caftle.
"7 Then and many years after,
Jour men. 7 Sir Hubert, 11 And iorts ; aud cou'd na: ges this being man{uly d:f:nzd 2;
7 if # bem raid with winds ani counter-ſeas.
before the invention of grea: Or4nance , out of engi7127 £4
7d Bailliftz, like
$2: ſaid Sir Huve
buge Craſi-bows, bent by farce of two or
« Burgh. 17% And 630090b- charges.
that
quickly roo hard for the contrivance of that good
; For the re-
pair whereot Queen Elzabeth jaid out great firms of
money, and by Ac of Parliament a Cuſtony for tc-
This ſea-coalt is parted from the Continent of
The ſtrais
ot Cilais,vr
Nairgws-
{cas.
Epiſt. 2. ad
Victricium.
Whether
Britain way
worthy the ſearch of any learned man that has a ge- ever joyn'd
to the Cone
tIGEnt.
Nat.Quzft.
now bes ©:
— WY
CANTIVUM
-— — — —
»
— — —— - «
that it ſo rages. Thus bas be ſea rent Spain from the | none, unleſs on2 could imagine that V:r/an, upon the
Continent of Africa. ind by that inundation ſo much | coalt of France, ſhould take that name trom' Gwith,
* Reſet®, talk d of by the beit Poets, Sicily was * cut rf from Italy. ſignifying in Britiſh a divorce or ſeparation.
al. Ree 3.
From whence that of Virgil :
Hec loea vi quondam, & wvaſta corvulſa ruina
(Tantum v1 longinqua valet mutare wvetuſt as )
Diſſiluiſſe ferunt, cum protinus m—_ tellus
Una foret, wenit medio wi pontus & wndis,
Hefperium Siculo latus abſcidit, arvaque & urbe:
Littore diduttas anguſto interluit its.
Thoſe who will have Britain ro have made up
part of the Continent along with France ſince thar
univerſal Deluge happen'd, argue from the Wolves,
which were formerly common in England, as they
are ſtill in Scotland and Ireland.
How is it pollible (ſay they ) that they ſhould
2 in Iſlands (fince all living creatures that were not
in the ark, were deſtroy'd) unleſs for a long time at.
Theſe ſhores long ſincz, as old traditions ſpeak,
( Such {trange diſorders powerful time can make)
With violent fury did alunder break.
When battering waves colle&ing all their force,
Thro' ſolid land urg'd their impetuous courſe,
While towns and helds on either ſide gave way,
And left free paſſage for a narrow ſea.
Pliny too has taught us, that Cyprus was broke off
from Syria, .Eubza from Pceotia, Besbicus from Bythi-
nia ; winch before were parts of the Continent. Bur
that Britain was ſo rent from the Continent, no one
of the Ancients has told us ; only thoſe verſes of Vir-
gil and Claudian ( which | have quoted in the very
beginning of this work ) along with Serviuss conje-
&ure, ſeem to hint ſo much. Notwithſtanding, there
are that think fſo,as Dominicus Marius Niger, fobn Twine
a very learned man, and whoever he was that wrelt-
ed theſs verſes concerning Sicily, to Britazn :
Britannia quondam
Gallorum pars una fuit, ſed pontus & eHus
Mutavere fitum, rupit confinta Nerius
Vittor : & abſciſſos interluit &quore montes.
Once did the Britiſh touch the Gallick ſhore,
Till furious waves the cliffs in ſunder tore ;
Thus broke, they yielded to the conqu'ring main,
And Neptune ſtill in triumph rides between,
Since therefore the Authority of Writers has left us
no firm grounds i: this matter, learned men compa-
ring ſuch like narrow ſeas one with another, in or-
der to diſcover the truth, 'propoſe theſe and ſuch
other h2ads to be curiouſly examin'd.
Whether the nature of the ſoil be the ſame upon
both ſhores? Which indeed holds good here ; for
where the ſea is narroweſt, both coaſts riſe with
high rocks, almoſt of the fame matter and colour ;
which ſhould hint that they have been broken
through.
How. broad the narrow fea may be? And the
Strairs are here not much broader than thoſe of
Gibraltar or Sicily, to wit, 24 miles: fo that at the
firit fight one would imagine thoſe rwo trats had
been ſever'd by the waves that now beat violently,
; £:6/:4;/. firſt on one ſide, then on the other. For tbat it | was
* Frowen
% bh... !
a d34Ua ii.
lower'd by Earth-quakes, I dare not ſo much as in the
leaſt ſuſpect, ſince this our northern part of the world
is but very ſeldom ſhook with Earth-quakes, and thoſe
too but inconſiderable.
How deep ſuch Straits may be? As that of Sici-
ly does not\exceed 80 paces, fo this of ours is ſcarce
25 fathom; and yer the ſea on both ſides of it is
much deeper.
How the bottom is, ſandy, hilly, muddy, and
whether in ſeveral parts of ſuch narrow ſeas there
lye ſhelves of ſand ? Far ours, I could not learn from
the mariners that there are any ſuch, * except ” ane
inthe middlc of the chanel, which at low water lyes
hardly three tathoms deep ©.
Laſtly, Whether there be any place upon either
ſhore has it's name in- che antcient language of the
place, from: a breach, rent, ſeparation, or ſuch like? as
Rbegium, upon the Straits of: Sicily, 1s fo call'd
from the Greek #/2vui, that"is, ro break, becauſe at
thac place Sicily was broke off from Iraly by the vio-
lence of the waters. For wpy part, [can think of
ter the whole earth had been one continu'd pailage,
; without Iſlands? St. Auguſtine employ'd his thoughts
| about this queſtion, and fſolv'd ic thus : I/olves and D* Cy
; by ſwimming ; but they muſt be ſuch as are near, (lo Stags
every year {wim out of Iraly into Sicily for paſture. )
But then there are ſome at ſuch a diſtnce from the Cont:-
nent, that it does not ſeem poſſible for any bea#t to ſwim to
them. If we ſuppoſe that men may | #56 caught them,
and carry'd them over, it agrees well enough with that
| delight they took in hunting ; tho” it cannot be deny d, but
| they might be carry'd over by Angels, at the expreſs com-
| mand of God, or at leaſt by bu permiſſion. But if they
| ſprang out of the earth, according to their firſt original,
when God ſaid, Let the earth bring forth a Living Soul ;
it s much more evident, that all kinds were in the ark
not ſo much for the reparation of the ſpecies, az to be a type
of the ſeveral nations, || for the ſacrament of the Church ;
eſpecially, if the earth produc'd many animals in the Ilmd;
whither they could not paſs. Thus he. Nor can any
thing be brought upon this ſubje& more perfet and
nice. Let it be enough for me to have propos'd it :
the conlideration of it I leave to the Reader ; and
he that ſees fartheſt into the truth of this macter, ſhall
have my judgment for a prying and quick man.
Over-againlſt this place, in the Continent, were
the Morin: leated , fo called in the ancient 1:n-
guage of the Celre, as if one ſhould ſay, maritime
people, or dwellers wpon the ſea-coatf, Their Country
is now cali'd Conte de Guines, and Conte de Bolonow ;
and had tormerly ewo moſt noted places, Geſſoriacum,
and lim, from whence, Czfar has told us, is the
molt convenient paſſage our of Gaule into Britain,
Moſt are of opinion, that it is the ſame with Callas;
but Heſffitalins, that great and learned Chancellour
ol France, a very excellent Antiquary, affirms Calas
not to be an ancient town ; and that it was only a
{mall village, ſuch as the French call Burgados, till
Philip Earl of Bologne wall'd ic round, not many years
before it was taken by the Engliſh. | Nor do we any
where read, that before thoſe times any one ſer fail
from thence into Britain. For which reaſon, I think
kium is to be fought tor in another place, namely,
a littie lower near Blacknef, at Vitſan, by us calld
Whitſan, a word which ſeems to carry in it ſome-
thing of I::wm. For, that this was the common port
from our Ifland, and the uſual place alſo of ſerting
fail hicher from chat Kingdom, may be obſerv'd
from our Hiſtories **, Infomuch that Ludovicys Ju-
nor, King of France, when he came in pilgrimage to
Thomas of Canterbury, humbly requeſted of that
Saint, by way of interceflion; that none might be
ſhipwrack'd between V:tſan and Dover ; implying,
that then this was the moſt commodious paſſage to
IRC >< ty <——_— RR —_ —
along the ſhorteſt roads, but had an eye to the com-
modioulneſs of the harbours on both coaſts. So tho
the ſea be narroweſt between Blacneſſe in France and
the Nee in England, yet the paſſage now is be-
tween Dover and Calas; as in former ages, before
Vitſan was ftopp'd up, it was between that and Ds-
ver ; and before that time allo, between Rbutupie
— ———— -— 2, oo. _ OO OOO. OOO.
1 Therc is no ſuch now cither to he heard of, or found in the Sea-ch
; The $xxons calicd that Hrrjan, 2nd tihwrtjont, Whereut 'ris
pollible enough
—— I —
arts ; ſo that it is either ſince alter'd, or our Author was impos'd upon-
that other may be a ſort of contraCtion ; and if (o, it ligaifics no more
thand#7/7e ſand. Nor is it impoſlible that they (ſhould give it that name, fince it is diſcernable from the Coaſt of Kent. Burt however that be, this
objeEton ( as Sammes has obſerv'd ) lies againlt the conjecture, that the name implying
divition, which is _ OY ro be rent tiom the greazer, and nut this from that.
and #75; to thar Iiland, not to Eng land.
8 But within half & leaguz to the ſorithw av d it 27 fathom deep, and to the northward 25.
ice to beld the Kin?"s kr54 4 orween Dover and Whitſand, whenſorver he croſi'd the Sea there, and &c,
land near Icowm
f -
a branch, ought to be ſought for in the leſſer part of tbe
the name Sicily was given to Trinacris, and not to 174!) 1
* Inſomuch that certain land; were held in Copt*
rout
Des, q i&
other animals may be thought to have got into the Iſlands .
| PD, .
E-:1198
crames
Mor:z.
[r:25 5X
and again: and. indeed, this Strait is not any where Ti
more contracted, Tho? at the ſame time we mult *%;
imagine, that the ſea-men did not ſteer their courle E int
and 5-6
and Geſſoriarwn, from whence Claudius the Empe- 3%
yD.
Ciri
' l is
©,
"
Word =;
12 by the French Bolongue , by the Dutch Bewnen, and
»- old military * Table, wherein 'twas written Geſſoria-
*” now Bononia ; as al
u\- rary, where the diſtances exaRly anſwer, that Anto-
:*1.the walls of + Geſſoriacum; and by another ſpoken
Wi! > Gonſtantine the Great, his ſon, they are athrm'd
x1. to have been routed at || Bozoxia : lo that Banonia and
& miles together, as far as Fo/kfone ; which appears to
K EB
' ae
rour, and other Generals I have mention'd, ſet fail
inco Britain. Pliny ſeems to call this Geſſor:acum, the
Britiſh hawen of 1be Merins, poſſibly from ſerting fail
thence for Bricain ; and Prolemy, in whom ir has
crept into the place of Irium, Geſſoriacum Navale, the
harbour or dock Geſforiacum ; in which ſenſe alſo,
the Britains call it Bowl:n ry 5 For that Geſſoriacum
was the ſea-port-town call'd y Ammianus Bononia,
by us Belen, I dare poſinvely affirm againſt Boecius
the Scotch Writer, and Twrnebws ; depending upon the
authority of B. Rhenanus, who had the ſight of an
cum quod nunc Bononia, i. e. Gelloriacum, which is
ſo upon the courſe of the Itine-
ninus has made between the Ambiani or Amiens, and
Geſſoriacum. But what convinces me beyond any
thing elſe is, that the Pyrates in the faction of Ca-
rauſus, are by one Panegyrick ſpoken to Conſtantins
the Emperour, ſaid to be taken and ſhut up within
Geſſoriacum muſt of neceflity be one and the ſame
rown ; and the o!der name of theſe two ſeems to have
grown into diſuſe about that time. For we mult not
ſuppoſe that Authors of that note ' could polbibly
blunder about the place before ſo great Princes, and
when the thing was fo freſh upon their memories *.
But what have I to do with France 2 Thoſle places, |
I muſt confeſs, I mention'd the more willingly, be-
cauſe the valour of our Anceſtors has been often
ſignaliz'd upon this coaſt ; particularly, in their ta-
king of Calas and Bolen from the French ; the latter
whereof they ſurrender'd,: after 8 years, for a certain
ſum of money, at the humble requeſt of that people ; |
but held che firſt, in ſpight of them, for the ſpace of |
212 years. Now let us return to Britain with a fa- |
yourable tide.
From Dover *, the chalky rocks as it were hang- |
ing one by another, run in a continu'd ridge for 5
have been an ancient town, from the Roman Coyns
's dayly found in it ; but what name it had, is un-
certain. "Twas probably one of thoſe Towers which
( under Thevudoſius the younger ) the Romans, as !
Gildas tells us, built upon the _ ſea-coaft of Britain |
at certain diſtances, to guard them againſt the Saxons.
In the time of the Saxons, it was famous on the ac-
count of Religion, becauſe of the Nunnery built |
there by Eanſwids,
| to the land. Upon whic
gift of rhe ſea, as Herodotus has call'd Xgypt the gift
of the river Nile, and a very learned man has ſtid Peter Nan-
che paſtures of Holland, tbe gifts of rhe north-wind and
Ptolemy Aww, which being a fignificative word in
Greek, the Librarians, to ſupply a ſeeming defe&,
writ it Kewwls xoulu, and fo the Latin Interpreters
have turn'd it into Nowns Portus, i. &. the new haven ;
whereas the name. of the place was Limen or Leman,
as 1t 1s at this day. Lime,
Company of Tarnarenſes kept his Station, under the
Count of the Saxon ſhore; and from hence to Can-
terbury there is a pav'd military way *, which one Stony-
may eaſily diſcern tobe a work of the Romans ; as _
is alſo a Caſtle hard. by call'd Srarfel, which inclu-
ded 10 acres upon the deſcent of a hill ; and the re-
mains of the walls, made of Britiſh bricks and flines,
are ſo cloſely cemented with a mortar of lime, ſand,
and pebles, that they ſtill bear up againſt time { dd}.
Tho' ic is not a port at this day, yer it ſtill retains a
conſiderable badge of it's ancient dignity ; for here,
at a place call'd Shipway, the Warden of the Cinque-
Ports took a ſolemn oath, when he enter'd upon his
office ; and here alſo, on ſet-days, controverſies were
decided between the inhabicants of thoſe ports.
Some have. been of opinion, that a large river did
once diſcharge ir ſelf into che fea at this place, be-
cauſe a Writer or two has mention'd the river Lema-
us, and the mouth of Lemanis, where the Danith fleet
arriv'd in the year of our Lord 892. Bur 1 fancy
they are miſtaken in the deſcription of the place,
both becauſe here is no ſuch thing as a river, fave
a little one, that preſently dies; and alſo becauſe the
Archdeacon of Huntingdon, an Author of great credit,
has told us, that this fleet arriv'd at the Portus Lema-
”s ; without c'er a word of the river. Unlebs any
one think (as for my part dare not ) that the river
Rother, which runs into the Ocean below Rhy, had
it's chanel this way, and chang'd it by little and lic-
tle, when that a tract Rumney-marſh
Lemanis contains 14 miles in length, and 8 in breadch,
has 2 towns, 19 pariſhes, and about 44200 acres of
land, that becauſe of it's fruitfulneſs is very good for
fatting cattel ) has by degrees been joyn'd by the ſea
D I may as well call it hz
the Rhme. For the ſea, to make amends for what ic
has ſwallow'd up in other parts of this coaſt, has re-
ſtor'd ic here, either by retiring, or by bringing in
a muddy fort of ſubſtance from time to time ; fo
that ſome places which within the memory of our
grandfathers ſtood upon the ſea-ſide, are now a mile
daughter of Eadbald King of | or two from ic. How fruitful the foil is, what herds
Kent. Now 'tis nothing bur a little village, the ſea | of -cattel it feeds that are ſent hicher to fat from
having worn off the greateſt part of it. It was not-
** withſtanding a Barony of the family de Abrincs, from
* Whom it came to * Hamon de Crevequer, and by his
daughter to ** Fobn of Sandwich, whole grandchild
Juliana, by his fon John, brought the ſame for her
portion to Fohbn de Segrave.
From hence the ſhore ® turning weſtward, has
* Saltwood near it, a Caſtle of the Archbiſhops of Can-
terbury, enlarg's by Milliam Courtney Archbiſhop of
that See ; and Oftenhanger, where * Edward Baron
Poinings, famous for his many baſtards, began a ſtate-
ly houſe 9, At 4 miles diſtance is Hith, one of the
Cinque-Ports, trom whence it had that name ; his
in Saxon ſignifying a Port or Station : tho? at preſent
It can hardly anſwer the name, by reaſon of the
lands heap'd in there, which have ſhut out the ſea a
the remoteſt parts of England, and with what art
they raiſe walls to fence it againſt the incurſions of
the ſea; are things one would hardly believe that has
not narrowly view'd them. For the better govern-
ment of it ”, King Edward 4. made it a Corporation,
conſiſting of a Bazlff,, Furates, and a Common-coun-
cil, In the Saxon times the inhabitants of ic were
call'd Meprc-pape, i. e. F Marſh or fenny men; the y 7;r; patw-
ſignification of which name agrees exa&ly to the na- *
ture of the place. And for my part, I do not un-
derſtand Fthelwerd (that ancient Writer) when he
tells us, that Cimulph, King of the Mercians, deſtroyd 79x,
Kent, and the country call'd Merſ{c-warum : and in
another place, that Herbythus a Captain was ſlain by the
Danes in a place call'd Merſc-warum; unlels he means
this very marſhy traſt. Rummey, or Romeney, and
ere the Captain over the Lins.
rewW Rumney-
into firm land. For this plain level ( which trom ***
Antoninus and the Notitia call it Portus Lemans ;
great diſtance from it. Nor is it very long ſince it's | formerly Romenal, which ſome infer from the name
firſt riſe, dating it from the decay of We#t-hythe ;| to have been a work of the Romans, is the chief
which is a litcle town hard by to the weſt, and was | town of theſe parts, and of the number of the Cinque-
a haven, till in the memory of our grandfathers the
ka drew off from it ®. But both Hythe and We#t-
bythe owe their original to Lime, a lictle village ad-
Joyning, formerly a moſt famous port, before it was
ſhut up with the ſands that were caſt in by the ſea.
to fit out five ſhips for the wars. 'Tis ſeated upon a
it had a pretty large haven that was guarded againſt
moſt winds, blocs the ſea withdrew ic felf. The
83 Leaving the little Abbey of Bradſole d:dicated to St. Radegund, whereof Hugh the firft Abbot was founder.
* And Britain brick-. 3; Sir Hamen Ca 86 Sir A 2. 67 Turning nts er $andgate-caltle bu:lt by K. Henry $. enderh
te coaft, and upon a Caſtlc-hi1 thereby are ſcen reliques of an ancient caſtle. 8 Sir Edward Foinings ----- atid among them of Thomas Lord Poin-
rg Lieutenant of Bolen. 57 Bic lefs it unperjet?, when death had bereft him of his only lawful child, which he bad by his lasful wife, the
daug bter of Sir 7. Scot his n:14/:bour at Scots-hall, where the family of Scots hath liv'd in worſbipful eftimation 3 long time, as deſcended from
ley, and 8erjeaux, by Pimpe. 9” So are ſea-towns ſubjeit ts the uncertain viciſſitude of the ſea. » Call'd Stomy-ſtreet. 9? Cericin Laws of
ana Kc. O inhabitants
#: 4nd that witory ſo glorious.
Sewers werg made i the rime of K, He ry 2.
ports, having Old-Rommey and Lid as members of it, Rumney.
which ( in the form above-mention'd ) were bound See S»ſ:x,
high hill of gravel and fand, and on the weſt-fide of r9::,p 177.
———. A. —_—_ —
CANTIVU M.
inbabitents (as Domeſday-book has it ) pon account of | der Edward the firſt, the Frier; Carmelites,juſt come
their Sea-ſervice, were exempt from all cuſtoms; except from Mount Carmel in Paleſtine, and above all de.
robbery, breach of the peace, and Foriftell, And about | firing ſolitary places, had a little Monaſtery builr
that time it was at it's height; for it was divided into | them ar the charge of + Thomas Albuger _—_— pon
12 Wards : it has five Pariſh-Churches, a Priory, | which a town preſently ſprung up, and with refpe&
An.1287. and an Hoſpital for the fick. Bur in the reign of , to the more ancient one that had been demolith'd,
Edward the firſt, when the ſex driven forward by | began to be call d Newenden, 1. Ee. a new trvn in a val.
the violence of the winds, overflow'd this trat, and | ley %. Lower down, the river Rother divides it's wa-
for a great way together deſtroy'd men, cattle, and | rers. and furro:mds Oxney, an Ifland abounding with 0.
houſes, threw down Prom-hill, a little populous vil- | graſs : and near its mouth has Apuldore , where that Apul
lage, and remov'd the Rorher (which formerly emp- | infeftious rout of Daniſh and Norman pirates ,
ty'd it ſelf here into che fea) out of / it's chanel , | after they had been preying npon the Prench-coafts
{topping up ir's mouth, and opening for it a nearer | nnder Haſting their Commander , landed with their
ns into the ſea by Rbi- ; then ir began by little | large ſpoils, and built a caſtle ; but King Alfred by
and little to forlake this crown, which has decay'd by | his great courage forced them to accept conditions of
degrees ever ſince, and has loſt much of it's ancient | peace { d dd].
populouſneſs and dignity. | Near, in a woody part, are Cranbroke , Tenderden,
Below this, the land ſhoots forth a long way caſt. | Benenden, and other on towns 97 , wherein
ward (wecall it Neſſe, as reſembling a noſe ®,) up-| the * cloath-trade has been very much encourag 4
on which ſtands Lid, a pretty populous town , whi- | ever ſince the timeof Edward 3. who in the tenth
ther the inhabitants of Prom-hill betook themſelves | year of his reign, invited over into England ſome of
afcer that inundation. And in the very utmoſt Pro- | the Flemmgs by promiſes of large rewards and prants
montory, call'd Denge-neſſe, where is nothing bur | of ſeveral 1immuniries,to teach the Englith the cloath- 7,,
beech and pebles, there grow * Holme-trrees with ſharp manufacture, which is now one of che pillars of the a
pricky leaves always green, repreſenting alow wood, | kingdom ®. | Sor
tor a mile together and more. Among thoſe pebles, | Now to reckon up the Earls of Kent in their or.
near Stone-end, is a heap of larger ſtones which the | der(omitting Godwin ” and others, under the Saxons,
neighbouring people call the monument of S. Cr; | who were not hereditary but officiary Earls;) 04s,
and S. Criſþ1nian, who they ſay were caſt upon this | brother by the mother's ſide t6 William the Con-
ſhore by thipwrack, and calld from hence into an | queror, is the firſt Earl of Kent we meet with of
heavenly Country. From hence the ſhore turning it's | Norman extration. He was at the ſame time Bi.
courſe, goes directly weſtward; and has afſort of peafe | thop of Baieax ; and was a perſon of a wicked , fa
which grows in great plenty and naturally amongſt | ious temper, always bent upon ſowing {edition in
the les, in Jarge bunches like grapes, in taſte the Seate. Whereupon * after a great rebellion he had
differing very little trom tield-peaſe ; and fo runs for- | rais'd, his Nephew Wrilliam Rufus depriv'd him of his
ward to the mouth of the Rorher, which for ſome | wholeeſtare, and dignity in FR. Afterwards,
time divides Kent from Suffex. when Stephen had uſurp'd the Crown of England,
The courſe of this river as to Suflex-fide, we have | and endeavourd to win over perſons of courage and
briefly ſpoken to betore. On Kent-ſide it has New- | condu& to his party, he conferr'd that honour upon
enden, which I am almoſt perſwaded was that haven | William of Ipres, a Fleming ; who being ( as F:z-
I have long ſought after , calld by the Notritia, An- | Stephen calls him) || a grievous burthen to Kent , was\";
Auderida, derida, by the Britains Caer Andred, and by the Sax- | forc'd by King Henry 2. to march off with tearsin ©
Andreds- ons Anopeorceapcep. Firſt, becauſe the inhabitants | his eyes *. Henry the ſecond's fon likewiſe, (whom
cealtet- affirmit to have been a town and haven of very great | his father had crown'd King ) having a deſign to
Antiquity % ; next, from its ſituation by the wood | raiſe a rebellion againſt his father, did upon the fame
Andredſwald, to which it gave that name ; and laſt- | account give the title of Kent, to Philip Earl of
ly, becauſe the Saxons ſeem'd to have call'd it Brirren- | Flanders ; but he was Earl of Kent no farther than
den, i. E. a valley of the Britains ( as they call'd allo | by a bare title and promiſe. For as Gerwvaſus Doro-
Segontiam, of which before,) from whence Selbritten- | bernenſis has it : Philip Earl of Flanders promis'd his ut-
den is the name of the whole Hundred adjoyning. | moſt aſſiſtance to the young King , binding himſelf to
The Romans to defend this coaſt againſt the Saxon homage by oath. In return for his ſervices , the King pro-
Pirats, plac'd here a band of the A4bulc; with their | mis d bim revenues of a thouſand pound , with all Kent ;
Captain. Afterwards, ic was quite deſtroy'd by the | as alſo the Caſtle of Rocheſter, with the CaFtle of Dov.
outrages of the Saxons. For Hengiſt having a de- | Not long after, Hubert de Purgo , who had deſervd
ſign to drive the Britains entirely out of Kent, and; ſingularly well of this kingdom, was for his good
tinding it his intereſt ro ſtrengthen his party by freſh | ſervice advanc'd to the ſame honour by K. Henry 3.
{upplies ”, ſent for Xlla our of Germany with great | He was an entire Lover of his Country , and arnidit
numbers of the Saxons, Then making a vigorous | the very ſtorms of adverſity, diſcharg'd all thoſe du-
aſſault upon this Anderida, the Bricains that lay in| ties that it could demand from the beſt of ſubjects.
ambuſcade in the next wood, did diſturb him to ſuch | But he dy'd, diveſted of his honour ; and this title
a degree, that when. at 1:ſt after much blood-ſhedon | flept till the reign of Edward the ſecond. Edward be- * =
both fides, by dividing his forces he had defeated the | ſtow'd it npon his younger brother Edmund of Wood-
Britains in the woods, and at the ſame time broke | Fock, who being tutor ro his nephew K. Edward 3.
into the town ; his barbarous heart was fo inflam'd | undefervedly fel] under the laſh of envy, and was be-
with a deſire of revenge, that he put the inhabitants | headed. The crime was, that he openly profeſs'd
to the ſword, and demoliſh'd the place. For many | his affetion to his depos'd brother, and after he was
ages after (as Huntingdon tells us) there appeared no- | murther'd (knowing nothing of it) endeavour'd to
theng but ruins to thoſe that travel'd that way ; till un- ! reſcue him out of priſon +; but his two ſons Edmund
Ce ee . E——_
*
* The Cloathing of Kent is very much decay'd.
93 Before which lieth a dangerous flat in the ſea. 9+ Whereof they ſhew the plott. 9s Of his own nation. +* Sir. 95 ] ſaw nothing there now»
a mean village with a poor Church; and a wooden bridge to no great purpoſe, for a ferry 1s in moſt uſe, ſmce that the river Rother not con: aining
himſelf in his Chanel, hath overlaid and 1s like to endanger and ſurround the level of rich F; fer thereby. hereupon, the inhabitants of Rhic compla's
that their haven is not ſcour'd oy ie ſtream of Rocher, as hereto'ore ; and the own?rs here ſuffer great loſs , which their neighbours in Oxency 49
fear, if it were remedy'd, a fall upm tho. This us a viver-Iſte ten miles about, encympaſi't with the river Rother, dividing his Nreams, and
wow brackiſh, having his name either of mire , which our Anceſtors called Hox , or of Oxen, which it feedeth plentifully with r.mt
aſs. Oppoſite to this, is &c. 97 Silingherſt, a fair houſe of the family of Bakers, advanced by Sir John Biker, not long (vice
hancellovr of the Exchequer , and his naarriage with a daughter and h:r of Dingley. B:ngebury, an habitation of the ancient family of Coic-
pepper 3 near ajeuing, Hemfted & manſron of 7h. Gaildtords, an old family , but moſt eminent ſince Sir John Gaildford was Controuler of 7
Houſe to King Edward 4. For bis ſan and heir Sir Richard Gaildford was by King Henry 7. made Knight of the Garter. Of his ſons again, Sir E1
ward Guildford was Marſbal of Calais , Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, and Maſter of the Ordnance, Father to Jane Dutcheſs of Northumberland,
Wife to Sir. F. Dudley Duke of Northumberland, Mother to the late Earls of Warwick and Leiceſter, and Sr Henry was choſen Knight of the Garter
by King 8. and had his Arms enabled with a Canton of Granado, by Ferdinand King of Spain, for his werthy ſrrvice in that Kingdom wi if
was recover'd from the Moors ; and Edward v'd in great eſteem at home. To be brief, from the ſaid Sir John are iſſued by Females immediately ft
Darels of Cale-b:4, Grges, Brownes of Eeechworth, Waliinghams, Cromers, Iſaacs, and Ifcle:ies, families of prime and principal note in theſe par*”:
But now I digreſs, and therefore cra ve pardon. v® Thus much of Kent ; which (70 conclude ſuonmarily) bath this pare laſt ſpoken of for Drapery 3
the Iſle of Tenet and the eaft paris for the Granary ; the Weald for the Wood ; Runmey-marſh for the meadow-plot ; the north Downs toward: re
The Thames for the Cony-garthe ; Tenham ond thereabout far an Orchard, and Head-corne for the brood and poultrey of fat, big, and commended 04-
99 And Leotwin his breather, * Whereupon he was committed to priſon by a ſubtil diftinfion, as Exvl of Kent and not Biſhop of Bayev"
MC W_—_—— — © — — — CD. CDT
Pons. .
in regard of his Holy On ders. # And ſo bicame @ Monk. 3 Who alſo mad: him ckicf Juſtice of England. 4 Ferſwaded thereto by ages
eoverily pratiis'd his deſtruftion. an
Apuld
k _— _
313
K ENT.
214
| —-—_
_—_
and Fobn 5, had that honour fucceflively :' and borh
dying withour iſſue, ir was carry'd by their ſiſter (for
her A; call'd The fair maid of Kent ) to the fa-
mily of the Holand: Knights.” For, * Thomas Holand
her husband was ftil'd Earl of Kent ?7, and was ſuc-
ceeded in that honour by * Thomas his fon, who dy'd
in the 20. year of Richard 2. His cwo- ſons were
ſuccefively Earls of this place ; Thomes , who was
creared Duke of Surrey, and preſently after raiſmg a
rebellion againſt K. Henry 4. was beheaded; and
after him Edmusd, who was Lord High Admiral of
thm England, and in the ſiege of + S. Briew in Little Bri:
;wal- tain dy'dot a wound in the year 1408 '*. This dig:
v. nity for want of iſffue-male in the family being ex-
s Who were reſtor'd 7
death of the ſaid Ear
© Sir Thomas. 7 And jhe after marry by diſpenſation tt the Black-
child. ** Leaving likewiſe no 1fue. i Sir Willinm. 2 1523.
Parliament to bleed and land
tin; -and the eſtate divided among ſiſters, K. Ed-
ward 4. hononr'd with the title of Earl of Kent firft
t Willieom Nevilt Lord - of Faxconberg ; and after his
death Edmmnid Grey T'ord of Haftings , Weisford "ind
Ritbyn, who was ſucceeded by his fon 'Georpe: He
« Ng firſt wife Anne Widevile had 'Richard Earl © of
6nt, who after he had ſquander'd away his"eftace,
dy'd without iſſue **.But by his ſecond wife Carborme;
danghter of Wham Herbert Part'of Pembrook ; tt
had Henry Grey; Knight ®, whoſe grandchild Kebinnls
by his fon Hemy, was made Earl of Kenr by Queen
Elizabeth, in the year 1572. He dying wpehout ity
ly after. And withal it was enaTtd,
ſhould be impeach'sl therefore, than Mortimer Earl of Marſh, Sir Sirzon B-resford, John
was ſucceeded by his brocher Henry,a per df ecid6wi
with all the ornaments of crue nobilicy. ©.
hr nd beer
3 Sir Thomas. lt daving to
That no Peer
e, beir v0 #:1h; King Richard 2.
13-Of- #reft.
This County hath z,98 Pariſh-Churches.
_
H.E Hiſtory of this County having been:
already publithd in three yzuſt- Volumes.,
by Mr. Lambard, Mr.Philpot, and Mr. Kil-
bournt, beſide what has been done by ſome
others; one would think that hitele more could be
ſaid upon the ſubje&.. Mr. Camden tooipent ſome of
the lacter part of his life in this County, which gave
him an apportunity of informing himſelf more par-
ticularly concerning it's Antiquinies. Yer ſome things
there are which have d the diligence both of
him and the reſt, and miſtakes have happen'd here,
as well as in other Counties.
{ a ] Our Author has obſerv'd that this County
was given by Vortigern to Hengilſt , an account of
his daughter. But the Saxon Chronicle (which ſays
nothing of chat Rowena) ſhews us that he rather got
it by foree of arms, having -worſted -Vortigern an
wo pitch'd battles, onee at Aylefford ; and again at
Crayford, where he killd 4000 Bricains, and put the
reſt to flight. And chus the _—_— of Kent Con-;
tinu'd under a race of Kings deſcended from him ,
till Baldred, laſt King of Kent (in our Author's ac-
count) loſt it co Egbert King of the Welſt-Saxons.
Cre. He was the laſt of that race, but Egbert's * leaving
©. his ſon-e£rbeltan that kingdom, ſhows that he was
s, Notthe very laſt King of Kent.
A [-b ] Art the Norman:Conqueſt, our Author tells.
us hoſe Inhabitants made a |Compoſition for their
ancient privileges. Which , however oppos'd by
"aer + Mr. Sowrver and others, ſeems to have ſome remains
£xp5, in their preſent Conſtitution. For how elſe come
they to retain their cuſtom of Gavelkind, which once
prevail'd all over Britain, as it does {till in ſome parts
of Wales ? and why do the Heirs particularly in Kent,
ſucceed to the Inheritance, tho' their Father ſufter
for felony or murder ?
To come now to the Survey of the County it
ſelf, we will begin in the north part, and go along
with Mr. Camden.
* C } The river Ravensbowrn runs into the Thames
near Greenwich ; upon which there. yet remains a
large fortification , the ares whereof is enclos'd with
treble rampiers and ditches of a vaſt height and
depth , 'near ewo miles in circuit, which muſt
certainly be the work of many hands, but of whoſe,
IS uncertain. | Some would have it to be the Camp
27:23, Which Ceſar made when the Britains gave him the
laſt battle, with'their united forces, quit before he paſt
the Thames in purſuic of | Caſſvelawn. But I can
ſcarce believe, .either that had itime 0 caſt
up ſuch a work, or that he .would-not/ have men-
toned a thing fo . coaſiderable, -in-'his Commenta-
11es, | | $732 &
Much rather ſhould-I chink it -( if at: all by the
Romans) to have been done:fame time: after , when
they had reduc'd the Nation into-a Province,and made
them ſtations at .certain diſtances for the better quar-
| cor 20h Sw
|
ADDITIONS toKENT
I Armies ; and that this is what remains of
the Noviemagus , which muſt-be hereabout, be-
twint London and Maidſtone. I know it is a littleroo
far diſtant from Londov, andio likewiſe from © Adard-
ſtone, the old Vagniace (the ſtations on each hand of
it ;) 'being abouc x2 miles from London in a ſtraight
line, and 20 at leaſt from Maidſtone ; whereas in the
Itenerary it is but xo, and 18. Yet it much better a-
grees with iche firuarion of Nowiowapns, than Wood-
* where .our Authorplaces it':+for- cho! ®* s<c Gam.
that be indeed but 10 miles from-:Langon, as - the i[ts- = in Sur-
werary {ets ityyet it is at leaſt 30 from Maiden, which ©
is ſo quite out of all diſtance, that for this: C and ©-
ther reaſons) I rather place it here, there being no
other footfteps bereabout of any fuch mattgr, thac
will anſwer it better. ae 114d.
Somewhat lower near this River lyes Bromley, Te- gromley.
markable not only 'for the Biſhop 'of Roobefter's 'Pa-
lace, but tor a:College or Hoſpitatof late thereerefted,
temp.\Car. 2. by the right Reverend Father "in God
Dr. Fobn Warner late Lord Biſhop of Rocheſter, for-the
maintenance of 20 poor Miniſters widows, with-the
allowance of 20 /. per An. to each, and fifty to their
Chaplain ; which is the firſt of chis kind.ever erected
in England ; and was the Pattern whereby-uhe right
Reverend Fathers, George Lord Biſhop of Wincheſter,
and Serb Lord Biſhop of Salaubury ,” both proceeded,
who. have ſince done the like at their reſpedtive Sees.
[d ] Near the place where it falls into the Thames,lyes Depford.
Depford, the Seat of the ancient Barons Mamijgnor or
Mamigniot, whereof Walkelin the Son of Gi
being Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, held Dover
Caſtle (as our Author relates it) againſt King Stephen
whereas || Mr. Lambard fays, he deliver'd iv to him ; || Peramb.
and for that reaſon, afcer.the King's death; abandon'd *: '=5-
the charge, and fled into Normandy ; who dying
without iffue, by marriage of his Siſter 'it came to
the Sayes , from whom it receiv'd the name Sojes-
Court, which it ſtill retains , tho' now it be enjoy'd
by the ancient family of the Evehns ; the moſt in-
genious Gentleman Job» Evelyn Eſq; who has oblig'd
the world wich ſo many learned pieces, now reſiding
upon it.
To] Within fght of Depford-ſtands ehe Honoar- of Greenwich:
Greenwich, finiſh't by King Henry 8. and honour'd
with the birth of Queen Mary as well as of Queen
Elizabeth ; King Edward 6. alſo died there ;-burthat
houſe is in a manner now quite demoliſh't, -and ano-
ther begun in the place by King Charles 2. which
ftands imperfe&t. King Henry 7.beſtowed mnch <oft
upen the Tower - or Caſtle , and1o did Hen. Howard
Earl of Northampton, but this is alſo now quite ras'd,
and a Royal Obſervatory let in the place 'by King
Charles 2. furniſh't with-all forts of Mathematical In-
ftruments fir for Afronomical Obſervations , fuch as
Clocks, Teleſcopes, Quadrqnts, and a deep dry well- for
obſervation of the Srars in the oy time ; all which
2 are
PI |
215
——
|Sevenoke.
CAHNTD HM.
2 i
are moſt diligently and skilfully usd. by the learned
Mr. Flamfted, the King's Mathematician, The ſame
Earl of Northampton allo built an Hoſpital bere, en-
dowing it with for the maintenance of a Go-
vernour and: 20 poor men : he built likewiſe two
others in Shropſhire and Norfolk, as appears by the
Epitaph on his magnificent tomb in the ſouth iſle of
the Church in Dover Caſtle, where he lies, not in-
terr'd, but in a marble coffin, that is ſupported above
the marble table of his tomb, about 5 foot from the
ground. The Epitaph is this.
Henricus Howardus, Henrici Comits Surriz filiws ;
'Thomz, ſecund; Nortolciz Ducs, Nepos ; & Thomez
tertii Frater ; Comes Northamptoniz ; Baro Howard
de Marnhill ; privati Sigilli Cuſtos ; Caftri Durover-
nenſis Conſtabularies ; quinque Portuum Cuſtss, Can-
cellarius, & Conſtabularizs ; Jacobo magne Britanniz
Regi ab intimu Conſiliv ; Ordinss Perilcelidis Eques 4u-
rats, & Academie Cantabrigienſis Cancellarixs ; inter
Nobiles literatiſſimus ; in ſpem reſurgendi in Chriſto bic
conditur.
Obiit 15* die Junit MDCXLIV.
Inclytus bic Comes tria Hoſpitalia fundavit & latifun-
dizs ditavit, unum Greenwici in Cantio, in quo xx ege-
»i & Prefedus; Alterum Cluni is Comitatu Salopiz,
in quo. xii egeni cum Prefetto ; Tertium ad Caſtrum Ri-
ling mm Com. Norkolciz, i quo 12 paupercul& cum Gu-
bernatrice, in perpetuum aluntur.
The latter part whereof runs thus in Engliſh,
This renowned Earl founded three Hoſpitals, and endow'd
them with Lands; one at Greenwich # Kent, im which
a Governour and 20 poor men ; another at Clun in Shrop-
ſhire, in which @ Governour and 12 poor men; a third
at the Caſtle of Riſing i» Norfolk, in which a Governeſi
with 12 poor women, are maintained for ever.
{ f] Below Greenwieb, our Author tells us, is great
ſtore of Cochlearia or Scurvygrals, which (as I am in-
form'd by Mr. Ray ) is not Cochlearia rotundifolia
Batavorum, which we call Garden-Scurvygrals, ( tho'
that alſo be found in many places on our and
on ſonje mountains in the midland ; ) but Cochlearia
Britannica, or Sea-Scurvygraſs; and ſo cannot be
the Britannica of Pliny, tho' it may have the ſame
virtues. What the true Britannica of Pliny and the
Ancients is, Abraham Muntingixs thinks he has found
out. He makes it to be the great water-dock, Hydro-
lapathum maximum, Ger. Park.
(8g) The next river the Thames receives out of
Kent 15 that call'd Darent, which paſſes by Sevencke at
ſome diſtance, remarkable only for a Lord Mayor
of that name, who gratefully built an Hoſpital and
School there ; and for the defeat of Sir bry Staf-
ford (by Fack Cade and his followers) whom the King
ſent againſt them.
oh Then it goes immediately to Orford, famous not
only for the battel betwixt the Saxons and Danes,
mention'd by our Author, but for another long be-
fore, berwixt the Saxons themſelves; wherein Offa
King of the Mercians fo compleatly ſubdu'd Ealbmund
King of Ken: and his whole Country An. 773, that
he endeavour'd to transferr ( as it were in triumph )
the A —_— Chaic into his own dominions ;
which he ſo far, that he-got Lichfield exempt-
ed from the juriſdiction of Canterbury, obtaining a
Pall for it of Pope Adrian 1. An. 766. the Sees of
Worceſter, Cheſter, Sidnaceſter, Hereford, Helmbam, and
Dorcbe{ter, being alſo ereted into a Province for it;
in which ſtaze it continu'd from the year 766. to
797.'in all 31 years. - And in that time (as Matthew
of Weſtminſter tells us ) there ſate 3 Archbiſhops at
Lichfield, viz. Ealdulphus, Humbertus, and laſtly Hig-
bertws ; in whoſe time the See of Canterbury was re-
ſtor'd to it's former dignity, by Kinulf or Kemwolf al-
ſo King of the Mercians.
[ i} From Orford the river paſſes down to Der-
went Otherwiſe Darerr, giving it's name to the place;
where VYortimer the fon of Vortiger (who was depos'd,
as Nemus tells us, not for marrying Hergi#t's, but
his own daughter ) ſer upon the Saxons, and kill'd
many of them.
[ k ] Thence it goes to Dartford, infamous for the Du:4y
rebellion of War Tylar and Fack Straw, which began
here. But now of late re-ennobled by giving ticle to
the honorable Sir Edw. Vilkers, who Mar. 20. 169c.
was Created Baron Vilers of Flo in this County ,
and Viſcount YVulers of Dartford.
[1] Then it runs into the Thames, on which lies
Green-bithe, where, as Mr. Lambard tells us, Swane ,,,,
King of Denmark landed and encamp'd himſelf; bur bad: y..
I rather think ic was up higher in the Country, at the **3
town call'd Swanſcombe, there appearing no remains
of any ſuch fortification now at Green-b:the, nor any
tradition of it ; whereas Swanſcombe ſeems to have wan
taken it's name from ſome ſuch matter.
[ m ] Below Graveſ-end, upon the bank of the
Thames, ſtands Cliff at Hoo, on a high rock of chalk, C:* +
where, according to the opinions of Sir Hen. Spelman, ***
and Mr. Talbot Prebend of Norwich, both eminent An-
tiquaries, ſeveral Councils were held ; the firſt call'd
by Cuthbert Archbiſhop of Canterbury, at which was
preſent e/£rhelbald King of Mercia An. 942 ; the fe-
cond under Kenulph allo King of Mercia An. 803 ;
and the third under Ceolwulf his ſucceſſor An. 822 :
upon which account Mr. Lambard, as well as our
Author, doubts whether Cloveſhoo were not in Mercia
rather than in Kent, the Kings of Mercia being ei-
ther preſent at them, or the Councils calld by their
authority ; neither of which would probably have
been, either at a place fo remote from them, or fo
incommodious for ſuch a purpoſe. Nevertheleſs
Mr. Lambard, upon the authority of Talber, ( yet re-
ſerving a power of revoking upon better informati-
on ) that Cliff at Hoo muſt be the place ; and
the rather, becauſe he finds no fuch place as Cloveſhoo
within the precin&s of Mercis, altho' there be divers
places there that bear the name of CF as well as
this.
But a later conjeAure ſeems to come nearer the No:
truth, placing it at Abbendun, now Abbington, in the ©n*
Kingdom of Mercie, near the middle of the Nation ; veto
froe| and therefore moſt convenient for ſuch an Aſſembly, /;%
This place anciently, before the foundation of the 9.
Abbey there, was call'd Sheoveſham, which might
either w corruption of ſpeech, or careleſſneſs
of the Scribes, be eaſily ſubſtitured inſtead of
Cloveſham or Cleveſhoo, as any body, but moderately
Skill'd in theſe affairs, will quickly grant.
[ n ] From Cliff the Thames flows on, without the
admifhon of any other river, till it empries ic ſelf
into the main Ocean, where it meets wich the Med-
way, which coming out of Surrey and Suſſex, vilits
Tenbridge ; ſouthward from whence, at about 4 or T=*
5 miles diſtance, lye the famous Chalybiat ſprings
call'd Tunbridge-wells, fo happily remper'd with mar-
tial ſale, and fo uſeful in carrying off many radicated
diſtempers, and procuring impregnation ; that they
have been frequented of late to that degree, as to
cauſe the building of a*great number of houſes all
about near the place, together with a fair Chapel,
wherein there are prayers read twice a day durin
the ſeaſon ; moſt whereof being ſicuate in the varilh
of Tunbridge, the whole are ttiled Tunbridge-wells,
tho* the Wells themſelves are in Spelburſt, the neigh-
bouring pariſh.
{ o } Whence it paſſeth on to Maidftore, giving
name to the town ; Maidftone, as ſome think, being
derived from, and only an abbreviation of, the an-
cient Saxon Meypeagercon, as that again from the
ancienter Britiſh Caer Megwad, or Medwag, the third
of the cities of Britain, as they ſtand numbred by
* Nimnius: wherein perhaps they may come as near
the mark, or nearer (if ſimilitude of found be of any
importance ) .as Archbiſhop Uſber, who would have
the Caer Meguaid or Megwad of Ninnius, rather to be
Meived in Montgomeryſbire, wiiich he would have too
to be the Mediolanum of Antoninus, and not our Vagni-
ace , Which doubtleſs was ſo nam'd from the River
Vaga, and that fo ſtiFd from it's extravagant ſtrag-
gling and winding, as it does hereabour. Now that
Maidſtone poſleſles che true ſituation of the Vagniac#
of Antonin, ' Mr. Camden proves from the beſt argu-
ment
Maiciton
# 114.
Cap. 65+
KA N-Þ
ment that a thing of this nature is capable of, viz
from it's due diſtance from the Stations on each ſide
it, 5. e. 9 miles from Durobrove, and 18 trom Nowio-
mag ns 5. bur then he muſt not place Noviomag us at
Woodcot , which is at leaſt 30 miles diftant; bur ra-
ther, as I ſaid before, at Hollowoed hill.
Since the Romans time it hath alſo been eſteem'd
a conſiderable rown in all ages, having bad the favour
of che Archbiſhops of Canterbury, who had a palace
here, founded (as our Author and ſome others ſay)
by Archbiſhop Uford; who (if ſo) muſt certainly
a be very early in it, f he not living after his Ele&ion
- much above 6 months, and never receiving eicher his
Pall or Conſecration; infomuch, that he is ſel-
dom number'd amongſt the Archbiſhops. Arch-
bi Comrtney Was alſo a great friend to this town,
who built the College here, where he ordered his
EE Eſquire Fobn Boteler to bury him, in the Cemitery of
this his collegiate Church, and not in che Church it
ſelf; where yet he has a tomb, and had an Epitaph
1s Mon, COO, Which is ſer down in || #eever : bur this I rather
45 believe to have been his Cenotaph, than his real place
of burial; it having been cuſtomary in old time for
perſons of eminent rank and quality, to have tombs
erected in more places than one. For Mr. Sommer
tells us, chat he found in a Lieger-book of Chriſt-
Church, that K. Rich: 2. happening to be at Canter-
bury when he was to be bury'd, commanded his bo-
dy ( notwithſtanding his o:vn order ) to be there in-
ter'd, * where he ſtill lies at the feet of the Black
Prince in 4 goodly tomb of Alabaſter yer remaining,
Nor has it yet much fallen from it's ancient dig-
nity, it remaining to this day the Shire-rown ( as
they call it, ) where the Aflizes for the County are
uſually kept. Ir is alſo a Burrough, ſending 2 Bur-
geſles ro Parliament, In ſhort, it is a large, (weer,
and populous town, and of later years render'd more
remarkable, by giving the title of Viſcount Maidſtone
to the honorable family of the Finches, Earls of Win-
chelſea, ( Elizabeth, wife of Sir Moyle Finch, fole daugh-
ter and heir of Sir Thomas Heneape, being firſt ad-
vanc'd to the dignity of Viſcountels Maid#one July 8.
21 Jac. 1. with remainder to the heirs males of her
body ; ) and for a fight which happen'd here June 2.
1648. between Sir Thomas Fairfax General tor the
Parliament, and fome Kentiſh Gentlemen, who had
taken arms in defence/ of King Charles 1. and poſted
themſelves in this town. Which they ſo well defend-
ed, tho* unequal in number ( the ſtreets being well
man'd, and the houſes well lin'd within, ) that Ge-
neral Fairfax, with an army of near 10c00 men,
could not gain it from them till 12 a clock at night ;
it enduring no lefs than 3 aſſaults by ſtorm with ſuch
obſtinacy, that the veteran ſoldiers confeſs'd, what:
ever they got was by inches, and dearly bought, and
that they-had never met with the like deſperate ſer-
«nb. Vice during all the war ft.
Art Maidſtone ( and not below it ) a rivulet joyn-
eth Medway, which riſeth, faith Lambard, at Bygon,
others at Ewell, in a little wood leſs than a mile weſt
of Lenbam; which 1 cannot allow to be the Aque-
Lena mention'd by our Author ; much rather ſhould
I think it to be the ſpring in the town call'd Srreer-
well, perhaps from the Srrate of the Romans that led
\ hither heretofore ; which poflibly too, might give
mac, NAME to the Station here, call'd Durolenum, || 1t having
te tn, the true diſtance in the Itinerary from Durobrovis or
'* Rocheſter according to Alduis copy, which is 16
miles; but not ſo from Durovermum or Canterbury ;
which in all the copies I have yet ſeen is but 12 from
Durolevum, whereas it is diſtant from Lenham at leaſt
| 16, and fo ſuirs not very well with our Author's al-
ne [ertion : nor could 1 hear of any Roman Antiquities
g: ever found hereabout to confirm his opinion. The
Ciſtances then diſagreeing ſo much, and no Anti-
quities appearing, *cis plain there is little elle left be-
lide the- ſimilitude of names to ſupport it. What
nog
then If we ſhould pitch upon Bapchild, a place ly-
ing between Sittingbourn and Ofpringe, the ancient
namg whereot is Baccancels, atterwards contracted
inzg Beck-child, and now corruptly call'd Bapch:ld.
For as Dur denotes water, {ou Bec in the Saxon an.
|
|
Iwery thac ; or at kalt the termination ce/d, unply-
ing a pool, will in ſome meaſure ſuir the od name.
Bur what is of more conſequence 1n this matter, 1s 1t's
being in che Saxon-times a place of my great note z
inſomuch that Archbilhop Brightwald, An. 700. heid
a Synod at ir. . Now 'tis a general remark mad2 by
Antiquaries, that the Saxons particularly fix'd upon
thoſe places where the Romans had left their Srations;
from whence ar preſent ſo many ot our towns end
in Cheſter. And even at this day, here are the ruins
of two old Churches or Chapels, beſides the Parith-
Church. Moreover, if the Roman-road bertwixt the
Kentiſh cities was the ſame wich the preſent, then
Durolevum ( which by the by is only read Durolenum
to reconcile ic to Lenham ) muſt be ſomewhere
abour this Pariſh ; becauſe no other place in the pre-
ſent road is of fo agreeable a diltance between the
ſaid Cities. Now , ie: cannot be a ſhorter cut be-
rween Rocheſter and Canterbury, than that at preſenc
is, unleſs one ſhould level hills or travel chrough bogs;
and yer by this the diſtance between is about 25
miles, the ſame with the Itinerary, (Trer. 2. & 4.) as
alſo where Durolevum comes berween, 13 to it from
Rocheſter, and 12 from it to Canterbury makes ex-
aftly the ſame number. That there are no viſible re-
mains of the old Road, may be very well attributed
to this, that having been all along one of che moſt
frequented Roads in England, and vs'd probabiy ever
ſince the Roman works were made, it is now levell'd
with the adjacent earth, and only ſerves for a good
bottom. The old Cauſey indeed berween Canterbury
and Lemanis does ſtill in part remain, and 1s calld
Stone-(freer, being the common way into thoſe quar-
ters. But then for theſe 1000 years, that has been pri-
vate .and inconſiderable with reſpect to this other ;
and the ſoil too may make a difference. For that to
Lemanis has a foundation all of natural rock and hard
chalk, and the adjoyning fields afford ſufficient quan-
tity of molt laſting materials. Whereas from Roche-
ſter to Canterbury, the ſoil is of it ſelf fott and ten-
der, and the neighbouring parts yield no ſuch ſupply
of durable materials. |
As to it's having been a conſtant road, it may be
thus made probable. In Bede's time the diſtance be-
tween Rocheſter and Canterbury was * 24 miles, ( and
ſo ſome call it at this day 24, others 25.) fo that ir
could not be alter'd then. In the 12th Century there
was a Maiſon Dieu erected at Oſpringe for the receiving
Knights Templars coming into and going out of the
they {till do.
However, I can rather comply with our Author
( and be content that Lenham ſhould paſs for Darole-
place it at Newington near Sittingboury ; where *cis true G
ing but 8 miles from Rocheſter, and 17 from Canter-
bury, *tis altogether out of diſtance on both ſides.
Buc tho' no Antiquities appear at Lenham, there
is a thing exceeding remarkable, mention'd on the
Tomb of Robert Thompſon Eſq; in the Church there,
who was grandchild to that truly religious matron
Honywood wile of Robert Honywood of Cha-
—_ Eſq;. She had at her deceafe, hokity deſcended
from her, 367 children; 16 of her own body, 114
grandchildren, 228 in the third generation, and y in
the fourth: her renown liveth wich her poſterity ;
her body lyeth im this Church, and her monu-
mu may be feen in Marks ball in Eſſex, whe.e the
ied. w-
[ p ] The Medway having paſt Maidſtone, cometh
to Aylesford, where the Britains not only defcated the Azl=sfare:
Saxons, as Mr, Camden tells us ; but whither alſo King
Edmund Ironſide purſu'd the Danes, and flew. many of
them, and thence drove them into Shepey , where,
had he not been ſtop'd- by the treachery of, Duke
Eadric, he had finally deſtroy'd them. Here alfo
Radulphus Frichurn, under the- patronage of Richar(
Lord Grey of Codner, with whom he recurnd from
the wars of the Holy Land, founded a houfe for
Cermelites in Aplesfor -wood An. 1240, in, imitation
of thoſe, whoſe lives he had obſerved iQ the, wil
dernefs of PaleHine ; F where they throve 1o- well, f Fil &
Kingdom. And + Chaucer going in Pilgrimage to + Poems,
St. Thomas, paſs'd thro* Bowghton to Canterbury ; as P8:-5+
num ) than with || Mr. Sommer or Mr. Burton, who i Hitt. of
many Roman Antiquities have been found ;. yet be. ito. &.
CANTI
— A—__—_w a ————_— ———_——
U M. 3
Halling.
Rocheſter.
Chatham,
ChircneG.
Milton.
,
+ AX .\fredi
Vita,Þ-444
, 45446-
Sitting.
buurn.
| Dec. 13. 1652. 4 Car. 2. who dying
| | ſtands - -
that quickly after in An. 1245. there was a general
Chapter of the order held here, in which Fobn Srock
(fo call'd from his living iti a hollow tree) was cho-
ſen General of the Order, though out of the world.
[q] Hence the Medway pafling by Hallmg (where
Mr. Lambard the firſt Hiſtoriographer of this County
ſometime liv'd in the Biſhop's houſe) comes at lengr
to Rocheſter which is ſo certainly the Diwrbbrow of An-
tonin, that I need add no more than What our Atd-
thor hath written already concerning it; only that
it was fack't by the Danes in the days of Kin Erhel-
red, An.839. and belieg'd by them again m An.885.
when they caſt up works round it, but was reliev'd
by King Alfed ; and that all the lands of the Bi-
ſhoprick were laid waſte by King Ethelred An. 986.
Of late years it gave an additional title to the Lord |
Wilmot of Adderbury in Com. Oxon. who in confidera- |
tion. of his great and many ſignal ſervices done to the
Crown at home and abroad, was created Earl of Ro- |
chefter by Letters Patents bearing date at Pars, |
An. 1659. was |
ſicceeded in his Honour by his only fon Fob», a per- |
ſon of extraordinary wit and learning. He dying |
without iſſue Faly 26. 1680. the right honourable |
Lawrence Hyde, ſecond ſon to Edward Earl of Claren- |
don, Viſcount Hyde of Kenelworth, and Baron of | |
Wootton Baſſet, was created Earl of Rocheſter Nov.29. | Houſes making anyclaim upon them,and nor from the
| order it ſelf : though it cannot be deny'd *. but that * writ
1682. 34 Car. 2.
[r ] The river Medway having paſt Rocheſter- |
bridge (which is one of the fineſt, if not the beft in | ace, arid after became Benedi&ines , as perhap
England) glideth on to Chatham, famons for the fta- | might do ſome years after their firft toundarion. And
tion of the Navy-Royal, which hath been fo far ad-
vancd by the Kings, Charles and Fames 2. ( beyond
what it was in our Authors days) with the large ad-
ditions of new Docks and Storchouſes, wherein are
many conveniencies unknown till -of late, and all
theſe ſo well fenced with new Forts , fuch as thoſe
at Gilling ham, Cockham-wood, the $Swomp,&c. that per-
haps there may not be a more compleat Arſenal than
this in the world. To which add the Royal Fort of
Shireneſs in the Iſle of Shepey, buile at the mouth of
this river by King Charles 2.which ſtands much more
commodiouſly tor the ſecurity of the River, than
the Caſtle of Queenborough ever did, which was built | and Baron of Holdenby in Emgiand, who marrying the
there for chat purpole by King Edward 3. but'is now
demoliſh't.Of this fee more at the end of the County.
Which is all 1 have to fay { morethan our Author | Dwrzs being naturalized by AQ of Parliatnent 4».
has done) concerning this fruicfal INand, but that | 1665. ſucceeded his Father-in-law in all his fitles, tDat
| and is now Earl of Fewerſham Þ.
of late years the right honourable Lady , Elizabeth
Lady Dacres, mother to Thomas Earl of Suſſex, was
enobled with the title of Counteſs of Shepey durin
lite , Sept. 6. 1680. the 32 of Car. 2. ſince whole
death, in conſideration of many eminent ſervices
done the Crown by the honourable Henry Sidney Eſq;
fourth ſon of Robert Earl of Leicefter , the ticles of
Viſcount Shepey and Baron of Milron, near Sirting-
bourn, were both conferr'd on him by his preſent Ma
jelty King W':lliam.3. Apr. 9. 1689. 1 Gul. & Mar.
who hath allo been fince ſucceflively made Lord
Warden of the Cinque Porrs, Lord Lieutenant of Jre-
land, and Maſter of the Ordnance.
[ 5s ] Near this Town of Milton alias Middleton
(now erected into a Barony) Haſtmg the Dane ( as
our Author tells us) built him a Caſtle to annoy the
Town, the footſteps whereof yet remain at Kem
ley-downs beyond the Church. This they now call
(being overgrown with buſhes) the Caf le ruff, whi-
ther King A4/fed coming againſt him, tortified him-
ſelf on the other fide the water ; che ditches of which
fortification, and ſome ſmall matter of the ſtone-
work alſo,ſtill remain by the nameof Baword-Caſtle ,
+ ſecus fontes Cantiands, near unto Sitringbourn.
[ © ] This Sirringhourn was once both a Mayor and
Market town, now through diſuſe enjoying neither.
But the Dane never did the town of ' Milton fo much
real miſchief, as Godwin Earl of Kenr, who being in
rebellion againſt Edward the Confeſſor , in the year
052. enter'd the King's Town of AMilldleron , and
burnt ie to che ground fl, which in all probability
ſtood in thoſe days near the'Chutch, near a mile from
the Town that'now is, and was upon the rebuilding
rethov'y to the head” of "the Creek , where it'now
4
4
| of a Baron of this Realm, by the ricle of Baron of
-Throwley, as alſo of Viſcount Sands of Lees Colt ,
| and Earl of Feverſham , by Letters Patents bearing
[ u ] Eaſtward from hence lyes the Town of Fe- Ferry,
wverſham , where King Stephen (faith our Author )
founded an Abtiey for the Monks of Clagsy 3/ which
appears to be triie by his Foundacion-Charter printed
in the * Monaſticen, taking his hrit Abbot and Monks * va.
out of the Abbey of Bermondſey of the Tams order : 97."
yet + Mr. Somner, and || Mr. Soutbouſe, from the ab. Can,
ſolutory I etters of Peter Abbot of Bermondſey, and of | Mort
the Prior and Monks of S. Mary de Caritate , finding ſhamic;
Clarembaldis the firſt Abbot of Feverſham y' ahd his ? 7%
Monks releagd from all obedience and fubjttion to
che Church of Clugny, and to the Abbot and- Prior
aforeſaid *, are inclin'd to believe Mr. Camden miſta. » 4.4
ken, and that the Abbot and Monks of Feverſbany Anglo:
(purſuant to their abſolution ) preſently rook upon
them the rule and habie of S. Berner : norwichitang.
ing it is clear they were ſtill eſteem'd of the order of
Clugny for ſeveral years after ; as farther appears by
the Confirmation-Charters of King Henry 2. King
John, and Hepry 3. all printed in the T Monafticon gt by
and by the Bulls ot Pope Inocent 3. Gregory 10% and yan
Boniface 9. all in a || MS. book in 'Chri/t-Charch Cuy- || MS. is
terbury. So that T gueſs the miltake muſt rather lye jm
on Mr. Sommer's and Mr. Southdigfe's fide than our Ayu- Chnti
chor's, the abſolutory Letters in aM probabtity rend. ==
mg only to their abſolution from thoſe particular
the Abbot and Monks of Read:vg were at firſt Cluni- —
$ theſe
thiis much'for the Eccleſiaſtical tare of this Town:
As for Secular matters, it has'been lately: honoutr'd
by giving tide to Sir George Sands of Lees Court in
this County, Knight of the Bath, who in confidera-
tion of his faithful ſervicesto King Charles 1. was by
King Charles 2. advanced to the degree and dignity
date at Weſtmm#iter April 8. 28 Car. 2. which he
was only to enjoy for term of life 5 with remainder
toLews Lord Duras Marquels of Blanquefort in France,
Lady Mary, eldeft daughter of the faid wer yoga of
Feverſham, who dyed Apr. 16. 1677.'the 'faſd 'Lord
vol.
[ w | From above Feverſham the ſhore runnerth on Reon
tO Regulbium or Raculfceſter, now Reculver, the firſt WM
Roman Wacch-tower that comes in our way. Theſe
Caſtles or Watch-towers being uſually built upon the
hgheſt ground near the place where *twas thought
convenient they ſhould be fet, we may conchade this
ſtood in that ſquare plot of riſing ground 2 within
which, after King Erhelberr's Palace, and after thar
the Monaſtery ſtood, and now the Minſter or Church
only ſtands, encompals'd with the foundations of a
very thick wall; which for ought I know to the con-
trary,may be the remains of this ancient Roman Fort,
it being of the ſame fifure with the reſt, chat are ſtill
more perfect.
However that it was ſomewhere hereabout at leaſt,
the great number of Ciſterns, Cellars, &c. daily dil-
cover'd by the fall of the cliff, amply teſtifie ; roge-
ther with the great quantities of Roman brick or tile,
Opus Muſivum , Coins , fibule, Gold-wire , Ear-rings,
Bracelets, &c. daily found in the ſands. Which pet
all come from the landward upon fall of the clitts ,
the terrene parts whereof being waſh't away by the
Sea, theſe metalline ſubſtances remain "likewiſe be-
hind in the fands, whence they are conſtantly pick't
out by the poor people of the place. And theſe
they tind here in ſuch great quantities, that we muſt
needs conclude itto have been a'place heretofore of
great extent, and very populous; and that 'it has one
time or other underwent 'ſome great devaſtation £1-
ther by war,fire,or both. I think I may be confident
of rhe latrer,there being many patterns found of me-
tals ran rogether, "whereof the Reverend Dr: -Burte-
ley, now Arch-Deacon of Camterbnry (a curious and
Wer Colletor of fich like Antiquities ) -has
a
:
:
-
CIPIIY WW +
Y 2 Roms, a a. ot. TI" " wy
=. K E
NT.
4 cogent proof, viz. of a piece of Copper and Gold
rhe wa in the nk , which as had from
thence.
"x ] Hence our Author keeping along the ſhore
proceeds to the Iſle of Thaner, fever'd heretofere from
the main land of Kent by the River Sroxr, upon
which ſtands ye a little Market-town, where Gr:
dinal Kemp (who was born in the Pariſh) built a fair
n Pear: large Collegiate Church, with a lofry Steeple in the
TY middle, the Spire whereof was formerly fired by
lightning, and burne down to the Stone-work or
Tower, which too of late for want of timely repair,
fell down of it ſelf, and beat down the greateſt parr
of the Church ; where it now lyes in its ruins.
Hence, the Srowr paſſes on (by Olawge or Olanigh,
i. e. an Eight or Iſland) to Chilbam, where our Author
thinks that Ceſar had his firſt confli& with the
Britains =—_ his ſecond landing , and that here ir
was he lefe his Army encamp't, whilſt he rerarn'd
and repair'd his Ships, fore ſhatter'd by a ſtorm ; and
that hence it was call'd Chilham or Fulbam, i. &. Fu-
lixs's manſion : but I cannot agree with him either in
the ane or the other, for Ceſar ſays expreſly, that the
place of this conflit, was but twelve Roman miles
trom his place of landing ; whereas Chitbam (whether |
he landed at Deale or Pepperneſſe) is many more. But
here I do believe it was, that in his march from his
encampment, in purſuit of the Britains, he loſt one of
his Tribunes, Laberius Durus, whoſe monument it is
that remains there on the River ſide by the name of
Zulaberie's grave.
x x ] Five miles below Chilbaw is Canterbury, at
preſent a City of great trade, to which the Foreign-
ers in it ſeem to have contributed very nauch. They
are partly Walloons, and partly French; the firſt (be-
ing driven out of Artois, and other P covinces of the
Spaniſh Netherlands, in the Reign of Queen Eliza-
beth, for adhering to the Reformed Religion) came
and fettPd here, and brought along. with them the
art of weaving ſilk, into this Kingdom. And this is
now brought to that perfe&ion , that the filks wove
at Canterbury, equal, if not exceed any foreign ſilk
whatſoever, great quantities being, ſent to London,
where it is very much eſteem'd 'by the Merchants.
The ſettlement of the French is Hut of late date, on-
ly ſince the laſt perſzcution under Lewis 14. butthey
are numerous, and very induſtriczus, maintaining their
0:yn poor, and hving trugally. In the Publick Ser-
vice they joyn with the Walloons , who have a large
place allow'd them near the Cathedral ; and theſe
together make a very great Congregation.
| y ] The Stour paſting Cazterbury (which our Au-
#2. rr has deſcribd at large) runs on towards Thanet ,
where Yortimer overthrew the Saxons, ad lapidem tutuli,
4. which is Stonar in this Ifland, as * Archbiſhop Uſer,
2:14 Our Author, and moſt others agree. But + Mr. Sow-
$724,ner,and after him || my Lord Biſhop of Forcefter, ſeem
5. rather inclin'd from ſome reſemblance of the name
(and the reaſons following) to place it at Folkfone or
Laps populi, the preient Stonar not being ſupra ripam
Gallic maris, as Ninnius deſcribes his lapss rituli to be;
nor ſtanding high, bur in a low place, apt to be over-
flow'd, and therefore unfit for ereing a conſpicuous
Monument , that was deſign'd to ſtrike a terrour at
a diſtance ; both which are more agreeable ro Folk-
ſtone: and laſtly becauſe Ninniws is not exprels, that
*% Lapis tituli was in Thanet, || as he was in three other
battles before : whence they conclude ( and perhaps
rightly ) that had ic been in Thanet, he would have
told us fo, as he did in the reſt, which being a que-
ſtion too intricate to be debated here, is wholly lefc
to the decifion of the Reader.
| Zz | Nor is it fo certain, that the battle of F:p-
pedsfleer, was in this Iſland (at Ebbesfleet) near the Sea-
ſhore ; it locking as if the Saxons were almoſt driven
—_——S
Dude
colts
deculve.
egy
out of the dation again , whereas they had defeated
the Britains in many battles juſt before , and driven
— themout of Kent ; as is piain and evident from the
44 5-* Saxon Chro nicle. But it was certainly here that the
Saxons firlt Landed, and aſter them St. Auguſtine, who
brought Chr. tzanjty tothem. And here it was that
Eebert, thee ighth (and not the third King of Ken,
% our Author has it ) gave as much land to Dorne-
vs ( in recompence ofthe wrong he had done her )
as a Hind ſhould run over at one Courſe, to build a
Meunaftery on ; which amounted to no leſs than 48
plough-lands, about a third part of the 1favd, as ap-
pears by the F Mapp in the Aonaf icon, and the Courſe + vol.;.
of the Hind delineated init. In thort,great has been 5+
the rep.utatinn. of this Je>d in ancient times, which
to0 has been increaſed in theſe, by its being advanced
to the Honour of an Ezrldom ; the title: of Earl: of
Thanet being defervedly givew' to: Sir Nicholas Tufton,
Baron Tiaften. of Tufton in Com. Suſſex, 4 Car. 1. who
dying 30. Fane, Av. 1632.. was: fucceeded by his el-
delt turviving fon Fohn, who by his wite Margaret,
eldeſt daughter and coheir of R:cbard Earl. of Dorſet,
having ſix tons, Nicholas, Fobn, Richard, Thomas,Sack-
vill, and George 3 and dying Map 7. 1664. | has been [Dadg.Bar.
already ſucceeded by four of them ; his tourth fon 245+
Thomas, aperion of great honour and vertue, being
rus on reve recog .
a a chward, ftands the Rutupie or Rutupium, Rutupium.
which whether it was the fame wich ah Portus Rutu
penſis, Rutupice HFatio, or the o)d Reprimouth, is a que-
ſtion. * Mr. Sommer 'tis plain would have them two # Ports and
places, conetary to the opinion of Leland, Lambard, *%% P53
and Camden: wherein, in the general, I can willing-
ly agree with him, but can by no means think, our
Portus Rutupen(s could ever be. Saxdwich, but rather
Sronar, which he himſelf allows to have been an an-
cient Port. I acknowledge Sandwich lyes well nigh
as near to the old Ro as Stonar does, and con-
ſequently might as deſervedly have afſum'd the name
of Portus Rutupenſis, as Stoner could, had it had the
COnveniencies in point of ſituation for ſuch a
purpoſe, as Sromer once had ; which I dare vouch it,
was the road where the ſhips lay that came ad urbem
Rutupie , as Ptolemy calls it , that was a little mile
higher in the Country : juſt as Leich in Scatland is the
Port to Edenbugh, and Topſham in England to Exeter.
And this too was afterward the Lundenwic , or Port
- which all ſuch , traded either _ London from
OTre1 arts, or from Lozdon into forreign parts
had their chief relore. Kd ns
{ bb ] And yet we muſt not deny but that Sand-
wich is an ancient Town, tho' daughter to theſe ; it
being mention'd (Þ ſays Somner) in one of the Chartu + lid p.1s.
laries of the Church of Canterbury in the year 979. | <**
But the || Saxon Chronicle tells us, that above a hun-
dred years before, «thel/tan King of Kent , and a
certain Duke call'd Ealcher, overthrew the Danes in a
Sea-fight at Sonopc in Kent; from which time ic
grew greater and greater upon the decay of Richbo-
rough and Stonar, tiil the days of Edward the Con-
or ; when at the firſt inſtitution of the Cinque
Ports which now are, it was thought fitter to be e-
ſteem'd one of the five, than Srenar then was. Since
when it has ſtill rerain'd chat ticle, being the
ſecond port in order , and has always been eſteem'd
2a Town of trade and repute ; which of late has been
increas'd by affording an honourable ticle to that
great Seaman Edward Mountague Elq; who having got-
ren the fole Command of the Engliſh Fleet in che
late Uſurpation, with ſingular prudence ſo wroughe
upon the Seamen, that they peaceably deliverd up
the whole Fleet to King Charles 2. for which ſignal
ſervice he was, Fuly 12. 12 Car. 2. advanc'd to the
honours of Lord Mountague of S. Neots, Viſcount
Hinchingbrook, and Earl of Sandwich ; who dying at
Sea 28 May 1672. was ſucceeded in his honours by
his eldeſt ſon Edward, who is now Earl of Sand-
wich.
[cc] Next is Dower, where ſome part of the Pha- Dover:
rus Or Lighthouſe which ſtood on the hill oyer _
the Caſtle, is yet remaining, now vulgarly calld Bre-
denſtone. Here the Lord Wardens of the Cinque
Ports (ſince Shipway has been antiquated) have been
of late ſworn ; and indeed moſt of che other buſineſs,
relating to the Ports in general, is done here. Here
are all the Courts kept, and from hence is the moſt
frequent paſſage our of England into France , which
has renderd it famous throughout the world ; and
the more,by having given of late the title of Earl
ro the right honourable Henry Lord Hun/don Viſcount +Dagd Bar
Rochfort, + who on the 8th of March 3 Car. 1. was vola.p.zgs.
; advanced *
—_— th.
222
-_
#
— ——
DN DE eee I TINT.
Sneha A en IE; . mw _ _— 2 TOW eas ATR. OSS i YR. W942
hs” ws
- _—_— —CJ{{L ET
CANTIUM.®
advanced to the title of Earl of Dover. He dying | wick Eiq; had 5 ſons and 4 daughters, whereof Herr,
about the year 1666. was ſucceeded by his ſon Fob : | the eldelt fon ucceeded in the Honour, and wedded
who dying the year following without iſſue male, | Mary the daughter of Sir Av:bony Ben, by whom he
this title lay extinguiſhd, till ic was revived again by | had iſſue Henry, who dy'd young, and Anthony now
King Fames in the perſon of the honourable Hen. | Earl of Kerr.
Fermin Elq; Nephew to the right honourable Henry
Earl of St. Albans, who was created Baron of Dover
May 13. 1685. 2 Fac. 2.
{ dd] Southweltward from hence, onthe ſame Acinos Anglicum Clu. pan. Acinos Dioſcoridis for.
ſhore, lies the town of Hithe ; and nor far from it, a | te ejuſdem in Hiſt. Acin Anglica Cluſii Park. Clinn.
moſt noble antiquity, now call'd Srurfall-Caftie, which, | podium 3. ſeu Ocimi facie alterum C. B. Clinopodi-
no queſtion, was the ancient Portxs Lemans, for | um 4. Ger. emac. Engliſh wild Beſil, Thu grows in
very good reaſons brought by our Author; though | chalky mountainows, barren, and gravelly grounds, not 0n-
+ Ports and Mr, Sommer alledges the contrary. He allows it in- | ly in Kent, ( where Cluſius found it ) but in many other
Forts, Þ-35. deed to have been a Roman Fort, but by no means | Counties of England. 1 rake it to be only a wariety f
— —— — — — — —
More rare Plants growing wild in Kent.
I 3 we UB AR EBT, 4. er on it ene TO. 2 wr 1
j Ibid. p. 37.
the old Portus Lemans, that lying, according to all
the Copies of the Itinerary, 16 miles from Canterbury ;
whereas Sturfall is but 14, about the fame diſtance
( ſays he ) that Dower is from it : wherefore he rather
ſuppoſes that there was a miſtake in the Lebrarians in
ſetting a V for an X, and that the diſtance indeed
ſhould have been XXI, which ſers it about Romney,
the place he would have to be the true Portus Lemans.
But this conjecture puts it more out of diſtance than
before,and 'tis a much eaſier miſtake in the Librarians,
to tranfpoſe a V and an I, which ſets it in true di-
ſtance again, according to Mr. Somner himſelf, viz.
at XIV and no more. Or, to admit of no miſtake
in the Librarians at all, if we ſet Lyme ( as || our Au-
thor ſays) at the ſame diſtance trom Canterbury that
Dover is, which is x5 miles, and the lower 1ide of
Sturfall Caitle, where the port muſt be, near a mile
below Lyme, as really it is; and allowing too, that
the Roman miles are * Hapnk Ja leſs than the Engliſh ;
we ſhall bring it again in true diſtance at XVI miles,
without carrying it to Romney ; Which, in all proba-
bilicy, in thoſe days lay under water, at leaſt in
Spring-tides : or if not ſo, the Marſh certainly did,
'twixt Sturfall and Romney, which they could never
paſs, nor did they ever attempt it ; for we find the
Roman way ends here, as *twas neceſſary it ſhould,
lince it could not well be carry'd on further, thro'
a Marſh, or rather ſea, 8 miles together ; for fo far
'tis hence to the town of Ronmey.
{ ddd ] Weſt whereof, at about 8 miles more di-
ſtance, itands the town of Apledore, upon a riling
ground, which in the time of the Saxons, An. 894.
ttood at the mouth of the river Limene, as their
:. $3z. * Chronicle tells us; whence 'tis plain, that Romney,
+ Ports and
Forts. pag.
104, 195.
or at leaſt Yalland-Marſh, was then all a ſea; for we
never put the mouth of a river but at it's entrance
into the ſea: now it the ſea came lo lately as An. 894.
to the town of Apledore; in all probability 5oo years
before, in the Romans time, it might come as far as
Newenden, where Mr. Selden and our Author have
265 5 the City and Caſtle of Anderida, ereted here
y the Romans to repell the Saxon rovers; the ſea
here, in all ages, having retired by degrees. I know
+ Mr. Somner rather inclines to believe, that either
Haſtings or Pemſey, an the coaſt of Suſſex, muſt have
been the old Anderida; founding his opinion upon
what Gi/das ſays concerning theſe Ports and Forts,
viz,. that they were placed in litrore oceani ad meri-
diem : but I ſuppoſe this ought ro be underſtood in
a large ſenſe, every thing being to be taken for
ſea whither ſuch veſſels could come as they had in
thoſe days; in which ſenſe, no doubt, Newenden
might be accounted a ſea-town, and liable to fuch
Pyrates as the Saxons were, as well as either Pem{ey or
Hat mgs.
Continuation of the EARLS.
Thelaſt Earl of Keyr, whom our Author mentions,
dying without iilue An. 1625. was ſucceeded by his
brother Charles ; who by his wife Suſan daughter of
Sir*Rith. Cotton of Hampſhire, had iflue Henry ; who
the common Acinos or Stone Baſil, differmg in having ;
thicker, even-edged, or not-indented leaf. The Herb.
Women were wont formerly to ſell ths Plant for Poley-
mountain at London. I ſuppoſe now they are better m-
formed.
Adiantum album Ofic. Tab. Cam. Ruta muraria
Ger. F. B. C. B. Ruta muraria five Salvia vitz Park,
White Maidenhair, Wall-Rue, Tentwort. Tha grows m
many places on old tone walls, and im the chinks of rocks :
as in this County on Roche#ter-bridge, on the walls ;
Sir Robert Barnbam's houſe at Botton Munchelſey : at
Cobham, where all the houſes are covered with it. ÞP. B,
on Aſbford- bridge and at Darford. Park.
t Alcea minor Park. The leſſer Vervaimm-mallow.
Parkinſon for Synonyma of the gives Alcea Matthioli
& Tragi, which others make ſynonymes of the common
greater Vervain-mallow. He tells us alſo, that it grows
in ſome places of Kent, but names no particular ones: Now
Kent is a large ſþot of ground to ſeek out a plant in.
Alchimilla Ger. vulgaris C. B. major vulgaris Park.
Pes leonis five Alchimilla F. B. Ladies mantle. This
is found frequently growing im mountaimous meadows and
paſtures, eſpecially in the North of England, where by the
common people it # called Bears-foot. I grows alſo m
the ſouthern parts, but more rarely. I have found it in
ſome paſtures near my own dwelling in Eſſex ; and there-
fore can eaſily believe Parkinſon, that it may be found at
Kingſwood nigh Feverſham, and elſewhere in Kent.
lga fontalis trichodes C. B. Alga five Conſerva
fontalis trichodes Park. Trichomanes aquaticum Da-
lechampii f. B. Water Maidenhair. 1 happened to fnd
this plant m the ciſtern or conduit-bouſe at Leeds Abbey in
Kent belonging then to Sir William Meredith : howbeir
I do not think it peculiar to Kent, but common to the like
places all England over ; tho' it bath not yet been my bap
to meet with it elſewhere. |
Alopecuros altera maxima Anglica paludoſa Ger.
emac. altera maxima Anglica paludoſa, five Gramen
Alopecuroides maximum F. B. Lob. Adv. part. alt.
Alopec maxima Anglica Park. Great Engliſh Marſh
Fox-tail gra. In the (alt marſh by Eriffe Church, P. B.
+ Altine Cochleariz longz facie nondum deſcrip-
ta P. B. Chickweed reſembling the long-leaved Scurvy-
graſs. Between the two Parks at Eltham on the mud.
What Plant the Authors of Phytologia Britannica meant
by this name, I cannot eaſily divine. Some have thought
that they mtended Alſine longifolia uliginoſis proveni-
ens locis F. B. However, no man that I have beard of
bath as yet been able to diſcover any non-deſcript plant
thereabout.
ft Alſine corniculata Cluſii Ger. F. B. Park. Ly-
' chnis ſegetum minor C. B. Horned Chickweed. This is
a ſort of Mouſe-ear Chickweed, and no Campim, a
; C. Bauhine would bave it. In Weſtgate Bay in the |jit
| of Thanet P. B, IT do not believe that ever it grew there,
| unleſs im ſome garden, or of ſeed accidentally ſhed. Its nd-
| tural place is in Spain among corn.
' The ſame Authors of Phyt. Brit. te] us, that Anchuſa
| lutea is alſo to be found m the ſame Iſle: I believe 45
| much as the former.
\_ Anagallis aquatica rotundifolia Ger. aquat. rotun-
dying without iſſue An. 1639. the honour (by reaſon | difolia non crenata C. B. aquat. 3. Lobelii, folio ſub-
of the entail upon the heir male ) deſcended to An- | rotundo non crenato Park. Samolus valerandi F. B
rhory«Grey ReQtor of Burbach in the County of Lei- | Round-leaved Water-Pimpernell. This berb growmg
ce/ter, fon of George, fon of Anthony Grey of Barnſpeth, | many watery and marſh grounds, and about little rivules
third-fon to George Grey the ſecond Earl of Kent of | and ffrrings in moFt Counties of England, I ſhould 1
this family ; which Anthony, by Magdalen his wife, | have mentioned as a peculiar of Kent, but that it 11
daughter of 1/illiam Purefoy of Caldico: in Com. War- wery common plant, and others have aſſigned places toi 'n
! y t315
5 w »- + *
FE E'N T
is County. In the Salt marſhes two miles below | . Equiletum ſeu Hippuris corolioides Ger. ewag..; An
Gravelend. P. B. | ; Hippuris lacuſtris quzdam foliis manlu arenobs ,Gejn.
Anagallis foemina Ger. ccerulea foemina, F. B. ter- | Corallime Horſetail. Found by Dr. Eowles on @ bogs ne@s
\eltris coeruleo flore. C. B. Park. Female & blue- | Chiſſelbur#t in this County. EP Te
fower d Pimpernell. This may likely enough be found in| Fagus C. B. Ger. Park. Fagus Latinorum , Oxya
Runme7-marſh, as Parkinſon rells ws. We have obſerved Grecorum F. B. Th Beech-tree. I's commoh ww his
it among the corn mm other places of ek: but more ſþa- | Country, as alſo in Suſſex, Surrey, Hampſhire, Hartford-
rinoly : beyond ſeas it's more plentiful in ſome Countries | ſhire, SCC. Whence we cannet but wonder, that Ceſar | ould
than the red. However, I take it to be, not a diſtintt ſþe- | T write that there were in Britam all! ſorts of trees for tim-"+ Comry.
cies, but an accidental variety of Pimpernel, differing on- | ber, excepting Firre and Beech. We may alſo take notice 4
ly n the colour of the flower. that the Hornbeam tree 1s im this Country called the Horſe-
Armeria ſylveltris altera calyculo foliolis faſtigiatis | #eech, whence ſome learned men have been deceived, and
cinto Lob. Caryophyllus pratenſis Ger. praten(is no- induced to bel;eve, that there grew 13/0 [orts of Beech bere.
iter major & minor Park. barbatus ſylveſtris C. B.| Fungus perniciolus 25'* ſive Cinarztormis Park.
Viola barbata ampuſtifolia Dalechampii F. B. Depr- | P- 132.4. Artichoke Muſhrome. Ar Ripton near Aſhford,
ord pink. Thu is ſo called, either a it grows plen- | alſo on Bromley-green, and at @ place in Runney marſh,
tifully tn the paſtures about Deptford, or becauſe it was | called Warborn. Park. loco przmiilo.
there firtt taken notice of by our Herbariſts. *Tis not pe. | Geranium columbinum ditleRis foliis, florum pe-
culiar to Kent, but common t0 many other Counties in | diculis longiflimis. Doves-foor with jagged leaves, and
meadows and paſtures, eſpecially where the ground is ſandy flowers ſtanding on long foot ſtalks. In the layes about
or gravely, Swanley near Derford ; and doubtleſs in many the like
Atriplex maritima laciniata C. B. maritima F. B. | places.
marina Ger. marina repens Lob. Park. Fagged Sea- | Gentianella fugax quarta Cluſ. fugax minor Ger,
Orrache. At Queenborough and Margate m the Iſle of | brevi folio C. B. tugax 4. Clulii, flore dilute purpu-
Thanet, and in many other places on the ſandy ſhores Ger. | ralcente & cceruleo elegantiflimo F. B. Autumnalis
Though I bave not obſerved it m theſe places, yet I believe | Centaurez minoris foliis Park. Autumnal Gentian with
it may there be found as well as on the coaſts of Eſſex. " ſmall Centory leaves. Cluſius in his Engliſh Voyage obſer-
Braffica arborea ſeu procerior ramoſa maritima | ved this not far from Dover. I'was once ſuſpicions that
Meriſon. An Braflica rubra vulgaris F. B? Perennial i might be no other than our common dwarf Autumnal
rree-Colewort or Cabbage. On the chalky cliffes at Dover, | Gentian, bur I am ſince aſſured by credible perſons, that
plentif ully. | there is a ſort of Autummal Gentian growing in England
Braflica marina monoſpermos Park. marina multi- | which is ſpecifically different from the mo#t common kind,
flo:a, alba monoſpermos Lob. monoſpermos Anglica | 474 probably the ſame with that which Clufius found near
7. B. marina Anglica Ger. maritima C. B. Engliſh | Dover.
Sea-Colewort. This 1s common on ſandy ſhores and ſtone- | Gentiana paluſtris anguſtifolia C. B. Pneumonanthe
baiches not only in Kent but all England OUer. The ten- | Ger. Genrianella autumnalis Pncumonanthe dicta
der leaves of it are by the country-people eaten as other | Park, Gentianz ſpecies, Calathiana quibuſdam, radice
Coleworts, yea accounted more delicate than they. | perpetua, five paluſtris F. B. Marſh Gentian or Cala-
Buxus F. B. Ger. arboreſcens C. B. arbor vulgaris | #%4an Violet. Near Long field by Graveſend, as allo Green-
Park. The Box-tree. I find in the notes of my learned
friend Mr. John Aubrey, that at Boxley im this County
there be woods of them : as likewiſe at Boxwell m Cote(-
weld, Gloceſterſhire : which places took their denomi-
nation from them.
Caſtanea F. B. Ger. vulgaris Park. ſylveſtris, que |
bitbe and Cobham ; about Sir Percival Hart's houſe at
Lellingſton, and in a chalky pit, not far from Dartford,
by @ Paper-mill. Park. p. 407. 1 mwver yet found it but
on boggy and heatby grounds and moiſt places m Lincoln-
ſhire and Yorkſhire.
Herba Paris Ger. F. B. Park. Solanum quadrifoli-
peculiariter Caſtanea C. B. The Cheſnut tree. This I uM bacciterum C, B. Herb Paris, True-love, or One-
obſerved in ſome woods near Sittingburn, whether ſponta- | berry. In ſhady woods and copſes in many places ; as m
neous or formerly planted there I cannot determine : I ra- | Hinhury-wood three miles from Maidſtone, alſo in a wood
ther think ſpontaneous ; it growing ſo frequent. | called Harwarſh near to Pmmeden heath, one mile from the
Centaurium minus luteum Park. Small yellow Cen- | ſaid Maidſtone ; in a wood by Chiſjelbur#t calles Long-
tory. This differs little from- the common purple Centory,
ſave mm the colour of the flower. Parkinſon, who alone,
Jo far as I yet know, mentions this kind, tells ws it grows |
m a field next unto Sir Francis Carew 's houſe at Bedding-
ton near Croyden, and m a- field next beyond Southflete-
church towards Graveſend. .1 never yet met with it in
England ; but in italy I have found about Baiz a (mall
jellow Cemniory, differmg from the Centaurium luteum
minimum of Columna, and agreeing in all points with
the common ſmall purple Centory, ſaving the colour of the
frower, Vid. Park. p. 273.
Chamepitys vulgaris Park. vulgaris odorata flore
luteo F. B. lutea vulgaris ſeu folio tritido C. B. mas
Ger. Common Ground pine. From Dartford along to
Southflete, Cobham, and Rocheſter ; and upon Chatham-
Dow'n hard by the Beacin, SC. Park. p. 283.
Crithmum chryſanthemum Ger. Park. maritimum
fore Afteris Attici C. B. marinum tertium Matchiolo,
ore luteo Buphchalmi F. B Golden-flower'd Sampire.
in the miry mar(h m the ile of Shepey, as you go from the
King's ferry to Sherland houſe. Ger. p. $34-
Crthmum ſpinoſum Ger. maritimum ſpinoſum
C. B. maritimum fpinoſum ſeu Paſtinaca marina
Park. Paltinaca marina, quibuſdam Secacul & Crith
mum [pinoſum 7. B. Prickly Sampire cr Sea-Parſenep.
Near the lea, pon the ſands and baich, between Whitſt a-
bi and the tfle of T hanet by Sandwich. Ger. Þ. 534 That
" £-2-ti bere I will not warrant, having no better au-
Ivority than Gerard's.
Cyperus rotundus litoreus inodorus Anglicus C. B.
Park. retundius litoreus incdorus Leb. 7. B. rotundus
"Oreus Ger. Round rooted baſtard Cyperus. In divers
Paces of Shevey and Thanet. Park. p. 1265.
wood, and in the next wood thereto, call'd Jeets-wood,
eſpecially about the shirts of a hop-garden adjoyning : in a
wood alſo oyer-againit Boxley- Abbey, a mile from Maid-
ſtone, in great abundance, not far from the hedge-ſide of
that meadow through which runs a-rroulet. Park. p. 390.
This 1s to be found m the like places all England over, but
not commonly.
Hieracium montanum aſperum Chondrillz folio.
C. B. Rough mountainous Hawkweed with Gum-ſuccory
leaves. Thu was found in Kemt by Mr. Newton, but 1
remember not the place where.
Horminum pratenſe Lavendulz flore C. B. Park.
Wild Clary with Lavender-like flowers. Found by Cluſius
nigh the riding-place at Greenwich. This s, without
doubt, our commen Engliſh wild Clary. For the Hormi-
num pratenſ foliis ſerratis C. B. which Parkinſon mi(-
takes for our common wild Clary, grows not ſpontaneouſly
with us in England, ſo far as I have yet ſcen or beard.
Hali geniculatum perenne fruticofius procumbens.
Perennial procambent Shbrub-Glafwort. Found near Shepey
Iland by my learned fiend Dr. Hans Sloane. :
Lepidium latifolium C. B. Pauli F. B. Piperitis ſeu
Lepidium vulgare Park. Rhaphanus ſyiveltris Offict-
narum, Lepidium Aiginetz Lovnel'o 7. B. Dittander,
Pepperwort, Poor-mans Pepper. On a bank berween Fe-
wverſham town and the haven. Parkinſn te! us it grows
wild on Rocheſter Common. pag, $56.
Lychnis major noctiflora Dub:enfis perennis Hif.
ot. p. 995. Great N:ght-flowerimg Campion. Found on
Dower Cliffs by Mr. Newton, whe affirms it to be ſpecifi
cally different jrom the I. ſyiveliris alba 9 Cluſii: and /o
I am inclined to believe it may, thaugh the deſcription of
Cluſius agrees in mo#t particulars to this,
Mer»
[lo
CO.
227
——_ _—
C4NYTI1IYD MM.
'Mercurialis mas & fxmina F. B. Ger. vulgaris mas
& ſxtiina Park. teſticulata ſeu mas Divfcoridis 8
Plinii, & fpicaca ſeu famina eorundem C. B. French
Mercary the male and female. It grows wery plentifubly
by 'd Village called Brookiand im Runmty-marſh. Patk.
ES0%1
: Ophr3s bifolia patuſtris. Bifolium paluftre Park.
ant" i Twayblade. In divers places of Rumney-marſh.
Park. p. 505.
Orchis myodes flore coccineo elegans P. B. I
Swah/combe Wocd. my; Iknew not what ſort of Or-
chis the Authors of Phyr. Brit. mean by this name : yet
berauſe I remember, my *&y good Friend Mr. George
Horſnell Surgecr in London, told me , That ſome of bs
Acquaintance did formerly ſhew bim ſuch a kind of elegant
Fly Orchis; I have grvoen it a place in this Cata-
logue.
COichis barbata fatida f. B. barbata odore hirci
breviore latiorEque folio C. B. Tragorchis maximus
& Trag. mas Ger. Trag. maxitna & Trag. vulgaris
Park. The-Lizard-flower er great Goats-ffenes. Obſer-
ved by Dr. Bowles nigh the high-way between Crayford
and Dariferd. Mr. Watts hath ſince found it alſo mm
Kent. It hath not beets yet my hap to meet with it.
Orobanche affinis Nidus avis F. B. Orchis aborti-
va ruffa, five Nidus avis Park. Orch. abort. fuſca C.B.
Satyrion abortivum ſive Nidus avis Ger. Miſhapen Or-
ehis, or Birds-neſt. I found it in ſome thickits at Botton
Munchelſey near Maiditon. I nevir obſerved many of them
fogethty 11 one place.
Pilum marihum Ger.aliud maritimum Bricanaicum
Park. Engliſh Sea-Peaſe. At Gilford in Kew over ayainſt
the Comber. Park. 1060. On the Seacoaſt among
the flints and pebbles near new Romney. Upon rhe
beach yurning along the ſhore from neſſe weftward.
Camden Brit. p. 351. See more $o is ſort of Peaſe in
Suffolk Catalogue. Parkinſon makes ewo forts of En-
gliſh Sea-Peaſe : The firlt he calls Piſum fpontaneum ma-
ritimum Anglicum , and the ſecond P:/. aliud marit.
Brit. No man that [ have heard of beſides him harh
been 2s yet able to diſcover more chan one.
Plantago major panicula ſparſa F. B. latifolia fpica
multiplici C. B. paniculis fparfis Ger. emac. latifiolia
ſpiralis Park. Beſorme-Plantain, or Plantam with fpoky
' Tufts, Fouhil by Dy. Johnſon at Margate in the Ijle of
Thwniet ; and by Tho. Willifell ac Reculver there.
Polygonatum Ger. vulgare Park. latifolium vulgare
C. B. Polygonatum, vulgo Sigillum Solomonis F. B.
Sulomons Seal. At Crayford, Ger. In a wood two miles
from Canterbury by Fiſhpaol-hill ; and 1n Cheſſon-wood on
Cheſſen-hill, berween Newington #nd Sitting bourn. Park.
Pp. 699.
Rhamnus Salicis folio anguſto, fructu flavelcente
C. B. ſecundas Cluſii Ger.emac. primus Diofcoridis Lo-
b:lio, five litoralis Park. Rhatnnus vel 'Oleaſter Ger-
manicus f. B. Sallow-thorn or Sea-Backtborn. On tbe
Sandy grounds about Sandwich and Deal , as alſo ubout
Valk;ton on the ofber fide of Dover.
Rubus faxatihis Alpirms Park. Chamarubus ſaxa.
tilis C. B. Rubus Alpinus humihs F. B. Saxatilis Ger.
Srome Bramble or Raſþp. Parkinſon tells ws, it grows m the
Ifle of Thayet and aber places in Kent. I nevy found nt
but a the Moxntains in the North.
Salix pumila folio ſubrotundo, utrinque lanuginoſo
& argenceo. Dwarf willow with round leaves,onda ſilo
down on both fider. On the ſandy grounds near Sandwich,
Satyrion abortivum v. Orobanche affinis. bz the
middle of a Wood near Graveſend.
Serp lltm citratum Ger. Fark. Curii oCore F. B,
foliis Citri odore C.B. Lemon Thyme. Between South.
fleet and Long field Downs, and between Rochetter and
Sittingbourn mm the bigh-way. Park. p. 9.
Speculum Veneris majus Park. Veneris Ger. Ono-
brychis arvenſis, vel Campanula arvenlis ere&ta C. B,
Avicularia Sylvii quibuſdam F. B. The greater Venus
Looking-glaſ. Parkmiſen tells w it grows among the
corn at Greenwich and Dartford. I was never yet ſo bay-
py as to efpy it among corn. Poſſibly « might ſpring of
ſeed, catt out among the weedings of gardens, and carried
on to corn lands.
Spongia ramoſa altera Anglica, S. Sp. marina An-
plica planta nodoſa Park. Fucus ſpongiolus nodoſus
Ger. emac. Sea-ragged ttoff. Near Margate im the Iſle
of Thanet.
Verbaſcum flore albo parvo F. B. Lychnites fore
albo paryo C. B. Lychnices Matthioli Ger. mas foliis
longioribus Perk. bite flower'd Mulleis. It « com-
mon in this Country by the way fides.
Urtica Romana Ger. Park. Romana ſeu mas cum
globulis F. B. urens, pilulas ferens, prima Dioſcori.
dis, femine Lini C. 8. Common Reman Nettle, Par-
kinſon ſaith it hath been found growing of old at
Lidde by Rommey, and in the {treers of Kemney. Of
the original whereof he tells us a very pleaſant ſto-
ry. It is recorded (faith he) that at Romney, Fulixs
Ceſar landed with his Souldiers , and there abode for
a certain time, whence the place (it is likely) was by
them called Romania,and corruptly there-from Rome-
mey Or Romney. But for the growing of this Nettle
in that place, it is reported, That the Souldiers
broughe ſome of the Seed with them, and fowed it
there tor their uſe, to rub and chafe their Limbs,
when through extreme cold they ſhould be ſtiff and
bentimmed ; being told before they came from home,
that the Chmace of Britain was fo extreme cold that
ic was not to be endured without fome friction or
rubbing to warm their blood , and to ſtir up tkeir
natural heat : ſince which time, it is thought, ic hath
continued there, riſing yearly of its own ſowing,
This Story harb nothing of lrkelyhood in it , becauſe
the Ronan Nettle 1s.f ound not only here, but in divers 0
ther places on the Sea=coajt ; nor, bad it been a jtranger
or exorick, would ut likely bavve continued ſo long, commg
"up yearly of its, own ſowing. Outlandiſh plants uſually
failing, mp -lo#t, if "not cultivated im gardens.
hereto that Fulias Cirſar landed not bexeabouts.
CA
2
-- ——— —> —S— ——— -
_—_ —— -—- - . — ——_
g—_——
more than to the whole number beſide, for
p HE Navy of England has in all times (as
: at this day ) been owing to this one County,
the Diverſity and Importance of the places
Of the Arſenals for the Royal Navy m KENT.
what has occurr'd to us worthy obſervation on that
ſubjeR'; after firſt doing right to our Author; ig tete-
rence to the more than ordinary ſcatitinefs of his Re-
| marks” of1 thoſe Places, by obſerving only che diffe-
ſerving therein, to the Building , Repairing, Safe-
harbouring, and Equipping of the ſame. Here there-
fore we chooſe to offer ( under a diſtin&t head )
rent States of the Roya! Navy of England about the
time of his writing and at this day.
The different States of the Royal Navy.
| In Mr. Camden's time. | Ar this day.
| 1. The number of Ships and Veſſels, yam $5 chu; on
40 Ships above — 200 Ships.
upwards
2. The general Tonnage of the whole _
3. The number of men requir'd for manning the ſame | under 7800 Men | above 45000 Men.
4. The medium of ir's annual charge during the laſt
Peace _ ex | under xe5o0 þ above 400000 [,
5 years of Ware under 96400 |. above 1620000 [.
under 23600 Tons | above 112400 Tons.
Which Diſproportions in the Naval Acton with-
in this Century, muſt have been attended with ſuit-
able Alterations and Improvements ( unſeen by our
Author) in it's Yards, Docks, Storehouſes , &c. the
Scenes of that Aion. And therefore proceeding to
the places themſelves, we obſerve as follows, wiz.
wi 1» Chatham. This Yard was, at the time of our
Author, confin'd to a narrow flip on the edge of the
river, beneath the Church, furniſh'd only with one
{mall Dock. Which becoming too ſtreight tor the
then growing Service, was aflign'd to the uſe of the
Office of the Ordnance ( where it ſtill remains) while
that for the Navy was about the year 1622. remov'd
to where it now reſts, accommodated with all the
Requiſites of a Royal Arſenal, and thoſe ſince augment-
ed by additions of Docks, Launches, Storebouſes, ( one
no l:{s than 660 foot long) Maſt-bouſes, Boat-houſes, 8C.
all oi late ere&tion, exceeding what had ever been
before known in the Navy of England.
Here alſo is repoſited (however unobſerv'd by our
induſtrious Author ) that ſolemn and only yet eſta-
blith'd Fond of Naval Charity for the relief of Perſons
hurt at Sea in the ſervice of the Crown, under the
name of The Che#t at Chatham, inſtituted An. 1588.
When, with the advice of Sir Francs Drake, Sir obs
Hawkins, and others, the Sea-men then ſerving the
Queen, did voluntarily affign a portion of each
man's Pay to the fuccour of their then wounded Fel-
lows: which method receiving Confirmation from
the Queen, has been ever ſince maintain'd, and yet
continues.
Nor is our Author's ſilence any more to be-over-
look'd in reference to the Hoſpital here alſo erected
tor the like pious uſe, at the private Coſts of Sir Fobn
Hawkins, in the 36th of the ſame Queen.
if 2. Shcernef. As an Appendix to Chatham, there has
been alſo ſince eſtabliſhed here, a Yard furniſh'd for
anſwering all occations for the ſame upon Ships of
the Lower Rates, reſorting thither in time of Action.
FRG, 3. Deptford, To the Dock and Storehouſ#® ( our
Author's only Obſervables at this place) we have
now to add, the widening the whole Ares of that
Tard to more than double what it then was, with a
Wet Dock of 2 Acres in ſuperficies for Ships, and an-
other of an Acre and halt for Maſts ; beſides an En-
largzment to it's Store-bouſes, Dwelling-houſes, Launch-
es, CC. ſuitable thereto, and to the greatneſs of the
prelent Service.
—— W —" —_- _-
But here we have to obſerve, a Make relating
to the neighbouring College, ſaid by our Author rv
have been ordain'd for the uſe of the Navy. Foraſmuch
as by a Grant 4 Hen. 8. to the Shipmen and Mariners
of this Realm, they were indeed enabled to begin .
(to the honour of the bleſſed Trimity and S. Clement )
a Guild or Brotherhood perpetual , concerning the
Conning Or Craft of Mariners, and for the encreale and
augmentation of the Ships thereof : which, as the
y Corporate of che ſea-men of England, ſtill con-
tinues ( and this the feat of it ) under the Stile of
the Trinity-Houſe of Deprford-Strond 5 but without the
leaſt ſhare afſign'd thereto, either of Truſt or Au-
thority, in the Navy- Royal.
4. Wootwich. How this, of all the places appropria- woowict
ted to the Service of the Navy, ſhould come to be
over-look'd by our Author, as well as by Mr. Lambert
and Mr. Philpor, is haid to account for. And the more,
for its having contributed to the number of our
Ships-Royal equally with any other two ; beſides it's
Right, by ſeniority, to the Title of Mether-Dock to
them all ; witneſs her having given birth to
Harry Grace de Dieu — jen...
Prince Royal —— | 0
v J Soveraign Royal — — 1; Car. 1.
MH Y Nazeby, afterwards the Charles — 7
Car. 2.
Richard, afterwards the Fames —— 10
St. Andrew
22
But whatever that Omiffion is to be reckon'd ow-
ing to, Woolwich muſt be own'd to ſerve the Crown
_— thoſe of the greateſt importance thereto at
this day.
F Nor will it be unuſeful cowards the further il-
luſtrating the Diſparity berween the Naval Ation of
England 1n the time of Mr. Camden and now, to add
here, what would have appear'd more properly in
Dewonſhire, would the advancement of the Works we
are to mention have then ſo well admitted ic : name-
| ly, the New Yard (1200 foot ſquare) now in eretin
at Plimouth, Where a Dry-Dock, capable of a firſt Plimouth.
Rate Ship, is already finiſh'd, with a Baſen before it
of above 200 foot ſquare ; as alſo Dwelling-bouſes,
Store-houſes, a Rope-bouſe, and all other Conveniences
' required to an Arſenal calculated for the Service of fo
important a place.
|
230
5 he SS
ECT OE EE ee Oe CO SS eee
Cee — 0 _-—_ ewe Ay av -» $A.
— — ————— — — — — —— — ———— C—
DOBUNTL
2 DU DD :10-N-1.
-#- E bave already gone through thoſe Counties which are bcunded by the Britiſh Ocean,
the Severn Sea, and the river Thames. Let ws now take a ſurvey of the ret , ac.
cording to our intended method ; and croſſing the river, and returning back to the
Thames bead and to the Severn where a, tyde flows, iet us view the ſeats of tle
Dobuni who mbabited Glocelterihire and Oxfordſbire.
Their Name ſeems to be derived from | Du ffen a Britiſh werd, becauſe inbaviting {yr
: = & the mot part a Plain, and Valleys encompaſſed with Hi!!s, the whole People took they
L os
i. =
N= R denommation from thence ; and from ſuch a ſituation Bathicta im Troas, Catabathmos
Vt
D
SSM
W
% —
* DuFen, in
Briuſh
Law.
in Africk, Deepdale in Britam receive their ſeveral Names. And IT am the more
eaſily induced to be of this opinion, becauſe I find that Dion calls theſe People by a word
of the [ame ſigmification Bodunni , if there is not atrarſ} (ſition of the Letters. bor
* Fodo or Bodun in the ancient language of the Gauls,as Pliny mforms ws , doth ſig-
nifie Deep, which language I have before demontlrated to be the ſame with the Britiſh: from whence alſo as be ſuppo-
ſes , cometh the name of the City Bodincomagus which is placed upon the deepeſt parts of the river Poe, and of the
Bodiontii, a People that inhabited the low and deep Valley, now cal'd Val de Fontenay, near the lake Lemanc
not to mention Bodottia, the deepeſt Frith in all Britain.
I have met with nothing in ancient Authors, concerning theſe Boduni, but that Aulus Plautins, 2yho was ſent by
the Emperor Claudius to be Proprator in Britain, took part of them mmto his protection, who before were in ſubjetton
ro the Catuellani ( their next neighbours,) and placed a Garriſon among them,about the 4.5th year of our Lord ; and
this I 49% aig Dio,
But ſo ſoon as the Saxons had conquered Britain, the Name of the Dobuni was loſt , part of them with their Bor-
derers, by a new German name were call d Wiccii, but from whence, without the Reader's leave , I ſhould ſcarce pre-
ſume to conjeflure: yer if Wic in the Saxon tongue ſignifies the Creeks of a River, and the V ignones a Ger-
man People are ſo call d, becauſe they dwell upon the Nooks and Crecks of Rivers and the Sea (as is aſſerted by B Rhe.
nanus,) it may not then be improper to derive the name of WiCCii thence, ſince their habitation w.s about the moutl;
of Severn, which is full of windings and Furnings.
@ Bod's
whar it
meant a-
mong the
Britains
and Gaul-.
FEELS TERSAHIRE.
Loceſterſhire, in the Saxon tongue Zleau-
cerrepichype, was the chief Seat of the
Debuni. It is bounded on the weſt by
Monmouthſhire and Herefordſhire, on the
this Hygre coming (for ſo they call it in Engliſh, do tun yg.
the Veſſel, and cutting through the midſt of it, awoid its
violence.
What he ſays concerning the hundred-fold increaſe
V:ncyards.
CeveIrnc.
north by Worceſterſhire, on the eaſt by
Oxfordſhire and Warwickſhire +, and on the ſouth by
Wiltſhire and part 'of Somerſetſhire. A pleaſant and
fertile County , ſtretching out in length from
northeaſt unto ſouthweſt. The moſt eaſtern part ,
which ſwelleth with riſing Hills, is call'd Corteſwold.
The middle part is a large fruitful Plain , which is
water'd by the moſt noble river Severne, that gives as
were lite and ſpiritto the Soil, The more weſtern
part lying on the other ſide Severne, is altogether tha-
ded with Woods. But enough of this : /illiam of
Malmesbury eaſeth me of the labour , who fully de-
{cribes this County , and fers forth it's excellence.
Take what he writes in his Book De Pontificibas.
The Vale of Gloceſter & ſo call'd from 1ts chief City,
the ſoil whereof yieldeth wariety of fruits and plants,and all
ſorts of grain ; m ſome places by the natural richneſs of
the- ground, and mm others by the diligence of the Country-
man ; enough to excite the 14le#t perſon to take pains, when
it repays his ſweat with the increaſe of an hundred fold.
Here you may behold the high-ways and publick roads,
doth not at all hold true,neither dol believe, with thoſ:
idle and diſſatisfied Husbands, whom Colume!lz repre-
hends, that the ſoil is wore out by its excefhive fruit-
fulneſs in former Ages, 2nd become barren. Bur
yet, not to mention other things, we have no
reaſon to admire that ſo many places in this
County trom their //imes are called Vineyards, fince
they formerly aftorded plenty of Wine ; and that
they yield none now, 1s rather to be imputed to the
ſloth and unactiveneſs of the Inhabitants, than the
indiſpoſition of the Ciimate | a |. Bur why in fome
parts of this County (* as we read in our Statutes )
by a private cuſtorn, which hath now grown into £+*
a Liw , The Lands and Tenements of condemned perſcns
are forfeited tothe King, only for a year and a day , and
after that term expired ( contrary to the cuſtom of al;
England beſide) retryn to the next heirs , let the Law-
yers enquire, ſince tis not to my purpoſe [| b |. And
now Jet us ſurvey thoſe three parts in their order,
which I mention'd before.
The more weſtern part beyond Sererne ( which
-
”
.
full of fruit-trees, not ſet , but growing naturally. The | was formerly polleſſed by the $/lures ) as far as the
Earth of us own accord bearmg fruit , exceedmg others | river Vaga or Hye, which divideth Englandand 7/'a/es,
both w taſte and beauty , many of which continue freſb | is covered entirely with thick Woods , and at this
the whole year round, and (erve the owner till be is ſap- | day is call'd Dean-Foreft : ſome of the Latin wri-
'y'd by a new Increaſe. There i no Province in England, | cers call it Sylva Danica, from the Danes ; others witn
hath ſo many ,or ſo good Vineyards as this County, either for| Giraldus, Darub:e Sylva. But unl-z1s it takes its name
fertility, or ſweetneſs of the Grape. The wine whereof carrieth from a {mall neighbouring Town cail'd Deane,l ſhould
no unplea{ant Fart neſs, being not much interiour to the French | fancy that Deaze, by cutting off a ſyllable , 15
11 ſweetneſs. The Villages are very thick, the Churches | derived from firden ; which word the Gauls and
bandiome, and the Towns populous and many. | Brizains heretofore ſzem to have uſed for a IHeed,
To all wich may be d "ded m honour of this County | tince two great Forelts, the one in Galliz Pelgica ,
the river Severne, than which there is not any in the | the other amongſt us in Warwickſhire, are both call'd
Land, that hath a broader Chanel, ſwifter ſtream, or more | by one and the {ame name ot 4rdm, This former-
plenty of fiſh. There 15 in it a daily rage and b:i/terouſ- | ly was fo thick wich Trees, fo very dark and terrih12
meſs of waters, which I know not whether 1 may call a\ in its ſhades, and various croſs ways, that it rend:red
Gulph or Whirlpool, caſ; ing up toe ſands from the bctrom, | the Inhabitants barbarous , and emboldzn'd them t0
end r02lmg them into beeps ; it floweath with 2 great tor- | commit many outrages. For in the reign of Hewry 6G:
rent, but [cles its force at the f:rſt Bridge. Jometimes \they fo infeſted the banks of the Sewverne with racer
Dru
it overfleweth its banks, and wanders a great wey into | Robberies, that there was F an Ac of Pariiament x:
the netghvouring Plains, cnd ther; returneth back as con- | made on purpole to cutb and reftrain them. Put
Guerour of the Land. That Veſſel 1s in great danger that is ſince {» many rich veins of Iron have been diſcover 9? ;;
ſtricken on the ſide 5 the IH ctermen wid to it, when they ſee thoſe thick Woods by degrees are become much
+ And Bart ji: | thin-
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chinner'{ c ]. In this foreſt, upon the river, ſtood |
che pretty ancient rowns of Tudenbam and Wollaſton,
which Walter and Roger, the brothers of Giflebert
de Clare, about the year 1160. took from the
Welſh : and hard by thete is Lydney, where Sir Wil-
liam Winter, Vice-admiral of England, a moſt wor-
thy Knight *, hath built a fair houſe *. But of moſt
ancient note 15 Antoninus's Abone or Avone, and is not
yet totally deprived of its old name, being now call-
ed Awventon | d }, a {mall village indeed, but by Se-
vern ſide, and exactly diſtant 9 miles, as he obſerves,
from Vents Silurum or Caer Went.
And ſince Avon in the Britiſh Language ſignifieth
a Rrver, 1t is not improbable it took it's name from
che river. In the ſame ſenſe among us (to omit
many others ) we have Waterton, Bourne, Riverton ;
and. the Latins have their Aquimwm and Fluentium.
And I am the more ready to believe that this town
took it's name from the river, becauſe at this place
they usd to ferry over; from whence the town op-
polite to it was called TrajeFus by Antonine : but
without doubt there is an error in the computation of
the diſtance between theſe two places, fince he
makes it 9 miles betwixt Trajetus and Abone ; where-
as the river is ſcarce two miles over.
Bue 1 ſuppoſe it may have loſt it's name, or ra-
" ther dwindld into a village, when patlengers began
to ferry over lower, or when Arhelſtan expell'd the
Welſh thence. For he was the firſt, according to
William of Malmesbucy, who drove the Welſh be-
yond the river Wye; and whereas in former times
Severn did divide the Welſh or the Cambri, and the
Engliſh ; he made the Wye to be their Boundary :
whence our Countryman Neckham,
Inde Vapos Vaga Cambrenſes, binc reſpicit Ang los.
On chis fide, Wye the Engliſh views,
On that, the winding Welſh purſues.
Not far from Wye ſtands, amongſt tufts of rrees,
' Se. Brenda Caſtle, more than half demoliſhed ; fa-
mous for the death of Mabel youngeſt fon of Miles
Eari of Hereford : for there, by the juſt judgment of
heaven, he was remarkably punithed for his greedy
deſigns, inhumane cruelty, and boundleſs Avarice,
always uſurping on other men's rights ; ( with all
theſe vices he is taxed by the writers of that age. )
For as Giraldus writes, being courteouſly treated here
by * Walter de Clifford, and the caſtle taking fire, he
loſt his life by the fall of a ſtone on his head from the
ligheſt tower.
Here is nothaing more remarkable in this woody
place [e | 3, but that Herbert, who marry'd the daugh- |
cer of the aforeſaid Mabe!, Earl of Hereford, was in
right of His wile call'd Lord of Deane, from whom
the noble family of the Herbert's deduce their original,
who gave riſe to the Lords of Blanleveny, and more late-
* Iy, to the Herberts, Earls of Huntingdon, and Pembroke,
and others. From which family (it we may credit D.
Powel in his Welſh Hiſtory,) was delcended Anthony
-** Fitz,- Herbert, whom the Court of Common Pleas, of
which he was ſometimes chief Juſtice, and his own
nioft elaborate treatiſes of the Common Law, do ma-
niic{t to have been ſingularly eminent in his faculty.
But others aifirm he was deſcended from the Fitz-
herberts a Knightly family in the County of Derby ;
and inde2d, in my opinion, more truly.
The river Sen, calld by the Britains Haffren,
alter it hath run a long way in a narrow cha:
ne.[t], at it's fixſt entrance into this Shire receives the
Avon, and another ſmall river that runs into it from
».: 8 L. . . . p
"- tne Eait ; between which, is ſeated Tewkesbury, in
the Saxon tongue Theocrbuny, by others nam'd
Theoct Cyria, fo calld from Theocus, that there led
the life of an hermit : a large and fair town, having
3 bridges over 2 rivers leading to it ; famous for the
making of woolen cloth, and ſmart biting Mz{ard ;
bur formerly moſt noted for an ancient Monaſte-
ry [g] founded by Odo and Dodo, two brothers, in
the year of our Lord 715 ; where their palace for-
merly ſtood, as they ſhew us by the following in-
{cription :
HANC AULAM REGIA DODO DUX CON-
SECRARI FECIT IN ECCLESIAM.
Which being almoſt ruin'd by aze, and the fury of
Wars, was repair'd by Robert Fitz-hamon a Notman +,
piouſſy deftegning to make what ſatisfaction he was
able, for the loſs the Church of Bajenx in Nor-
mandy fuſtain'd, which Henry 1. conſumed with
tire to free him from priſon ; but alſterwards repent-
ing of the fa&, rebuilt it. -** It cannot ( faith Wil-
* liam of Malmesbury ) be ealily conceivd, how
© much Robert Fitz-hamon adorned and beautihed
* this Monaſtery, where the ſtatelineſs of the build-
* ings raviſh'd the eyes, and the pious charity ofthe
* Monks the affe&ions of all perſons that came thi-
*ther ”. In this Monaſtery he and his ſucceffors
Earls of Glocelter, were interr'd, who had a caſtle
hard by call'd Holmes, that is now ruin'd. Neither
was it lefs famous for the bloody overthrow that the
Lancaſtrians received in this place in the year 1471 ;
in which battel many of them were ſlain, more taken
and beheaded, their power ſo weaken'd, and their
hopes ſo defeated by the death of Edward the only
ſon of K. Hen. 6. and he very young (whole brains
were barbarouſly beaten out here; ) that they were
never afterwards able to make any head againſt King
Edw. 4. Whence J. Leland writes thus of this town
Ampla foro, & part 2s [polin preclara T heocs
Curia, Sabrine qua le commutit Awvons
Fulget ; nobilium (acriſque recondit in antris
Multorum cineres, quondam inclyta corpora bello.
Where Avon's friendly ſtreams with Severn joyn,
Great 'Tewkesbury's walls, renown'd for tro-
phies, ſhine,
And keep the ſad remains, with pious care,
Of noble ſouls, the honour of the war,
From hence we go down the ſtream to DeorbirF,
which is mentioned by Bede : it lyeth very low upon
the Severn, whereby ic ſuſtaineth great damages
when the river overfloweth. It had formerly a ſmall
Monaſtery, which was ruined by the Danes, but re-
flouriſhed under Edward the Confeſſor, who, as we
read in his Will, ©* afligned it, with the government
© thereof, to the Monaitery of St. Denis near Paris.”
But a little after, as Malmesbury faith, ©* it was only
an empty monument of antiquity | h ]. Over-
againſt this, in the middle ot the river, hes a place
calld Oleneaz and Alney, by the Saxons, now the
Eight, i.e. an Iſland. Famous upon this account,
that when the Engliih and Danes had much weak-
end themſelves by frequent encounters, to ſhort:
en the War, it was agreed, that the fate of hoth na-
tions ſhould be determin'd by the valour of Edmund
King of che Engliſh, and Canucus King of the Danes,
in a ſingle combat ; who afcer a long doubtful fight,
agreed upon a peace, and the Kingdom was divided
berween them : but Edmund being quickly taken
out of the world, not without ſuſpicion of poyſon,
che Dane ſeifſed upon the whole | 1 ].
From Deorhirit the river Severn ', after various
windings and turnings parts it felt, to make the Ifle
of Alney rich and beautiful in fruicful green meadows;
and then haſtens to the chief city ofthe county, which
Antoninus calls Clevum or Glewum, the Britains Caer
Gloui, the Saxons GleaucepTep, We Gloceſter, the vul- glucetter.
gar Latins Glovernia, others Claudioceſtria from the
Emperour Claudius, who, as 1 reported, gave it that
name when he here married his daughter Genzſ/a to
Arviragus the Britiſh King, whom Juvenal mentions.
_ =
_ _—_—— — —
———_ — — - — — _ —— TOII_— ——_ — —
a The Winters ſuffer'd much for their L: yalty ro King Charles 1, Their family (ti]] continues here in
the County,
4 ' > ſea-ſervices ( as bis brother Arthar [tein in Orkney Iſles.)
*rrreby, @ ſeat of the Bunhains of ancient d«/cent.
fire hither, Runineth daamn by Hieshud, which K. Hen. 3.
Gecy2rs were Pofeſſid of fair {rnd it 712.5 carry before, and in t
: z Sir Walter Clifford.
* Lord of Corboile and
7 ave to Richard Pauncetfote, whoſe ſuccelſors built 4 four
he Conqueror”: time an WW ltſhire.
Sir Charles Winter, late High-Sherift of
3 Beſide Newnham a pretty market, and Weſtbury
tranſlating Monks from Cranborn in Dorjes-
kagyu/e here, and whoſe pre*
Thorigny 14 Normaudy,
Regem
LL
—<—
mu_
D
OBUNTI.
® ]:Cu110,
Repem al:quem capies, wel de temone Britanno
Excidet Arvirag us.
Some captive King thee his new Lord ſhall own,
Or from his Br:tiſh chariot headlong thrown
The proud Arviragus comes tumbling down.
as if Claudims his three wives brought him any dauvgh-
ters beſides Claudia , Antonia , and Ottawia ; or as it
Arvirag us was known in that age, when his name
was ſcarce heard of in Domitias's reign. But leav-
ing thoſe that make their own conjectures pals for
the records of venerable antiquity, I ſhould rather
adhere to Ninnizs his opinion, who derives thisname
from Glouus the great grand-father of King Yorrigern;
only I find Glevam mention'd long before b
Antoninus, (which the diſtance from Corimum, wit
irs name, confirm to be the ſame: ) But as the Saxon
name Gleaweceſter, came from Glevum, lo Gleuum
by analogy came from the Britiſh name Caer Glow;,
and that [ believe from the Britiſh word Glow, which
in their language ſignifies fair and fplendid ; lo that
Caer Glow is the ſame as a fair City. Upon the ſame
account among the Greeks, arole the names of Cal-
lizolis, Callidromos, and Calliſtratia; and amongſt the
Engliſh Brighrfow t, and in this County Fair-ford *.
This City was built by the Romans, on purpoſe to
be a curb to the Silures, and a Colony placed there
call'd Colonia Glewum ; for * I have ſeen the remains
of an ancient ſtone in the walls of Bath near the
North-gate, with the following Inſcription :;
* DEC COLONIZEZ GLEV
VIXIT ANN. LXXXVL
This City lyes extended upon Severne, and onthat
ſide where it is not waſh'd with the river , is {ecurec
in ſome places with a ſtrong wal!, being beautity'd
with many fair Churches, and handſome well-
buile Streets. On the fouth part was once a
Caſtle , 'built of ſquare ſtone, but now almoſt
quite ruind; it was firſt raiſed in the time of
William the Conqueror , and 16 houſes were demo-
liſhed in that place, (as Doomsday book mentions it)
to make room for this edifice. About which (as Ro-
ger de Monte writes) Roger the fon of Myles, Conſta-
ble of Gloceſter, commenced his action at Law a-
gainſt King Hemry 2. and alſo Walter his brother loſt
the right he had both to the City and Caſtle. Ceaulin
King of the Welt-Saxons firſt took this City by force
of arms from the Britains in the year 570.then it came
under the Juriſdition of the Mercians, under whom
Abbots added the V. Mzry's Chapel, Nicholas Morwers
built che weſtern fronc from the ground, very beau-
tiful, *G. Horton Abbot joyned to it the northern
croſs Iſle ; Abbot © TrowceFer built the curious neat
Cloyſters, and Abbor Sebrook the great and ſtately
Tower. The ſouth Ifle was rebuile with the offerings
that devout people made at the ſhrine of King Ed-
ward 2. who lyes here interr'd in an Alabaſter tomb.
And not far from him lyes in the middle of the
Quire, the unfortunate Robert Curt-ho/e the eldeſt
lon of William the Conqueror Duke of Normandy
in a wooden monument”. Beyond the Quire in an
Arch of rhe Church,there is a wall buile with fo great
artifice, in the formof a ſemicircle with corners, that
if any one whiſper very low at one end, and another
lay his ear to the other end, he may eaſily hear
each diſtinct ſyllable [k |. In the reign of William
the Conqueror and before, the chiet trade of the
cicy was forging of Iron ; for as it is mention'd in
Doomsday book,there was ſcace any other tribute re-
quir'd by the King,than certain * eres of Iron,and Iron
bars, for the uſe of the Royal Navy ; and a few pints
of Honey. After the coming in of the Normans, it
lutfer'd ſome calamities when England was all in a
flame by the Barons wars,being plunder'd by Edward
the ſon of Henry 3. and after almoſt laid in aſhes by
a cal.al tice.
But now by the blefling of a continued peace it
doth proſper and reflourith ; and having the two
adjacent hundreds added to it, is made a Coun-
ty of it ſelf, and is calld The County of the City of Glo-
cetter | 1 ]. And Henry $. in the memory of our
Fathers, augmented the ſtate thereof, by erecting an
Epiſcopal See, with which dignity ( as Geoffry of
Monmouth faith) it was formerly honour'd ; and 1
have realon not to queſtion the truth of this aſlerti-
on | m },ſince the Biſhop of * Cluve is reckon'd among «
the Britiſh Prelates ; which name being deriv'd from ':
Clevum or Glow, doth in part confirm my conjecture,
that this is the Glevwn mention'd by Antoninus| n ].
The river Severne having now left Gloceſter [0],and
uniting its divided ſtreams *, waxeth broader and
deeper by the ebbing and flowing of the ryde : it ra-
pes like the 2/tuation of the fea, towards which it
haſtens with frequent curnings and windings. But
in its courſe toucherh upon nothing memorable, ex-
cept Cambridge, a © ſmall Country-hamler , ( where Cui
Cam a little river runs into it ) ” at which bridge , as
Achelwerd writeth, when the Danes paſſed over by f:-
ling off laden with rich ſpoils, the weſt Saxons and Mer
cians recetv'd them with a bloody encounter in Woodnesfield
it long flouriſhed in great repute : here Omick King
of the Northumbrians, by the permiflion of Ethel- | ces were ſlarn.
red King of the Mercians, founded a great and ſtate-
ly Monaſtery for Nuns, over which Kineburga, Ead- |
burga, and Eva, all Mercian Queens, ſucceflively pre- |
ſided. Edelfieds likewiſe, that famous Lady of the |
Mercians, adorned it with a noble Church,in which |
her felt lyes intombd. |
when the whole County was ra- |
Not long atter, the 7
vaged by the Danes, theſe facred Virgins were torc'd
to depart , and the Danes, as e/Ethelwerd that anci- |
ent Author writeth , after many turns and changes of |
war,ſet up their tents at Gleuu-ceiter. Now thoſe an- |
cient Churches having been ruin'd in theſe calami-
tous times , Aldred Archbiſhop of York and Biſhop
of Worceſter, ere&ted a new one for Monks, which
is the preſent Cathedral, and hath a Dean and fix
Prebendaries belonging to it. Which Church in tor-
mer ages, receiv'd great additions and ornaments
from ſeveral Benefators: for f. Hanly and T. Farley
im which Healiden, Cinuil and lnguar,three of their Prin-
On the ſame ſide of the river, not much lower , 8:4
ſtandeth Berkley, in the Saxon tongue Beopnkenlau,
eminent for a ſtrong Caſtle and its Mayor, who is the
chief Magiſtrate, as alſo for the Lords thereof the Ba-
rons of Barkley, of an ancient and noble family ; of
which was Willzam Baronof Barkley **,who inthe reign
of Henry 7.was made Viſcount and Marqueſs Barkley,
E.of Not:ingham,and Marſhal of England; but becauſe
he died without ifſue,thoſe titles ceaſed with him [p]-
If you would know by what ſtratagem Godwyn Earl g:i6
of Kent, a man fit and prepar'd for any wicked de- »"*
ſign, got the poſſeſſion of this place ; take this ſhort *
account of Walter Mapes who lived 400 years ſince,
for it is not unworthy the Reader's peruſal. Berkley
s a village near Severne of the yearly value of 500 |. m
which was a Nunnery povern'd by an Abbeſs that was both
noble and beautiful. Earl Godwin a notable ſubtle man, ns!
deſiring her but hers,as he paſs'd by,left his nephew,a yung
—
® That this is nor the original of the name, is plain trom the Saxon
river. _ « The Inſcription is {till ro be read at Buſh. » Thomas.
e It has only five or {1x houſes.
ther to be Bridgnorth in Shropſhire. See the County under that title.
Bricgftow, which plaimly points out to us a bridge or paſſage over rhe
e Frowcelter. ©.
f Where this aCtion is mention'd by the Saxon- Annals, it is ſaid to have been at Cambridge, which is prov'd 74
4 A Dicar of Iron contain'd 10 barrs. Blunt's Tenwts-
+ And Shirley. $ Fairley,&c. * Who was bereft of the Kingdom of Englond for that he was barn before his Fat her was King deprin/'d of his two ſ it,
the one by
ſtrange death in the N. Foreſt ,the other deſpoiled of the Earldom of Flamders his inheritance,and f{ain ;
he himſelf. dijpoſſeſſed of the Dukeav”
of Normandy by his Brother K.Henry 1.his go plucl'd out ,and kept cloſe Priſoner 2.6 years withall conmtumetto:g maignities, until through extream ir,
guiſh he ended bis life. 8 Windeth it ſe
by Elmore, a
Aplcley-Giſe zear Brickhill, and For: the
auchamps
Manſion Houſe of the Giſes, ancient by ther own lineal dijcent, being in elder times owner! 0
of Holt, who acknowledge Hubert de Burgo tarl of Kent (whom 1 lately mentioned) ben: f:c10's
zo them, and teſtifie the ſame by 7:52/r Armories. Lower upon the lame ſide, Stroud a pretty 1:ver /{1deth into Severne our of Coteswold ; 6y Stioud 4
Markei-rown ſametimes better propled with Clothiers, and not far from Minching-l
9 Deſcenacd from Rubert Fitz-Hardin + | 1
> Who was honoured 6; King Edward 4. with rh: fiyls of Viſcount Dui
_—_— our Anceſtors named Minchings.
ley,
this houſe deſcended many Knights and Genti:men of /ignal note.
or belonged to Nuns,
lampron, w/ic/2 anctently had a Niumnery, :
and Barkley Hearts
, to whim King Henry 2. garv? this place
4
King Richard ths 3. with rhe Hoo of Earl of Nottingham, (in regard of 14s mother, davgher of Thomas Mowbray Due: 8 Nortoik, 4%
Earl f Noningham) and &3 K'1g Hey 7, 95:4 the office of Marſhi) of England and aing it; of Margneſ Barkicy.
pr ope r
Kctus,
-l, we
17
4 bis wife Gueda ; but (as Doomiday
ike
GLOCESTERSHIRE
proper handſom ſpark, as if ſeized with ſickneſs, til be
ſhould returs back thither , and inſtratted bim to counter-
feis an indiſpeſition, till be had gotten all who came to vis
ſit bim, both Lady Abbeſ and Nuns, with child. Ang to
carry on the imtreague more plauſibly, and more effettyally
to obtain the faveur of their wiſits, the Earl fur-
niſh'd bim with rings and girdles, that by thoſe pre-
ſents be might the more eaſily corrupt __ gain their
inclinations. There needed no great imtreaty to perſwade
thu young Gallant to undertake an employment ſo amoroms
and pleaſing. The way to deſfruttion eaſie, and quickly
learnt ; be ſeem'd wonderful cunning to himſelf, but all bu
canning was but folly. In him were concentred all thoſe
accompliſhments that might captivate fooliſh and untbink-
ing virgins ; beauty,wit, riches, and an obliging mein : and
he was mighty ſoliciteus to have @ private apartment to
himſelf. The Dewil therefore expelled Pallas and brought
in Venus ; and converted the Church of our Saviour aud
his Saints into an accurſed Pantheon, the Temple into
a wery Stew, and the Lambs were trapsformed into
Wolves. When many of them proved with child, and the
youth began to languiſh, being overcome with the exceſs and
weriety of pleaſure, be haſtens home with the reports of bts
conqueſts (worthy to bawve the reward of mjquity) to his
expetl ing lord | and uncle.) The Earl immediately addreſſes
the King, and acquaints bim, That the Abbeſs and the
Nuns were gotten with child, and had rendred themſelves
proſtitutes to all comers ; all which upon inquiſition Was
found true. Upan the expuilon of the Nuns, be begs
Berkley, had it gronted bins by the King, and ſettled it upon
-book hath it) ſhe re-
fuſed to eat any thing out of this Manour , becawſe
ef the deftruttion of the Abby. And therefore he
bought Udeczliter for ber mututenance whilſt ſhe lived
at Berkley : thus a confcicatious mind will never en-
rich it ſelf with ill gotten poſlellions.
I had rather y ou ſhould be informed from Hiſto-
rians than from me, how King Edvard 2. being de-
prived of his Kingdom by the artitice of his wife,
was afterwards murder'd in this Caitle, by the dam-.
** nable ſubtilty of Adam Bithop of Hereford, who ſent
theſe enigmatical words to his keepers, withour either
point or comma z
Edvardum occidere nelite timere bonum eſt.
To ſeek to ſhed King Edward's blood
Refuſe to fear I think it good,
* So that by the double ſence and conſtruction of the
LE.
words, they might be encouraged to commit the
murther, and he plauſibly vindicate himſelf to the
people from giving any diections in it. Pelow this
place the little river Aven runs into the ſeazat the head
whereof, ſcarce 8 miles from the {hore, on the hills
near Alderley a fimall xown, are found various ſtanes
reſembling Cockles and Oy iters;which whether they
were living animals.or the ludicrous fancies of nature,
let natural Philoſophers enquire. But Fracaſtorizs the
Prince of Philoſophers in our age, makes no queſtion | \
| ly parts, which 1 abſerv'd were hilly;.co wit,Carſwold, Cofwold.
but that they were animals .engendred in the ſea, and
—O—— . — —— — —— = —
upon a very high craggy cliff. What the aforemen-
tioned Mapes has. told us was done in this place;
is worth your knowledge. Edward the elder, ſaith he,
lying at Auſt Clive, and Leolin Prince of Hales at Be-
chelley, when the /atter would neither come 'down'to a
conference, nor croſs the Severn, Edward paſſed over to '
Leolin , who ſeeing tb: King, and knowing who he was,
threw bis royal Robes upon the ground (which be bad pre- pq. cu
pared to ſit in judgment with) and leaped into tht water quer'd by
breaſt high, and embracing the boat, ſaid, Moſt wiſe King, humiluy.
your humility has conguer'd my pride, and your wiſdom. tr1-
umphed over my folly ; mount upon that neck which [ have
foolyhly exalted agginſt you , ſo ſhall you enter into that
Country which your goodneſs bath this day made your ' own.
4nd ſo taking him upon bzs ſhoulders, be mage him ſi# upon
his Robes, and joyving hands did bim * homage. *[ominium.
Oa the ſame {hace is ſituate Thornbury, Where are Thornbury
to be ſeen the foundations of a magnihcent Caſtle,
which Edward laſt Duke of Ruckivg ham deſigned to
erect in the year 1511. as the inſcription makes it ap-
p-ar | $ | **, Seven miles from hence, the 1iver A-
von running into Severne,leparates Gloceſterſhire and S0-
merſetſhire : and not far from the river-ſide is ſeen
Puckle- church, anciently a royal village call'd- Puckle- Pucklc-
kerks,where Edmund King of England was kill'd with +
a dagger, as he interpoſed himlelf berween Leof a
noted Thief, and his Sewer, that were quarrelling | t |.
Near this place lyech Winterbourve, of which che
* Bradibones were Lards '*, from whom the Viſcounts r:14%nes.
Momacuce Barons of Wentwarth, &c. are deſcended;
as allo Aon , which gave name to a Knightly fa Aon be-
mily, whoſe heireſs being married to Sir Nicbolas p,;...
Paints, in the time of Edward 3. left it to her Poſte-
rity. Derham a {mall Village, in the Saxon Deop Drorham.
ham, where Ceaxlin the Saxon jn a bloody engage- yiirianus,
ment flew three of the Britiſh Princes , Commeetl ,
Condidan, Fariemejol, with divers others, and fo dif-
poſleſſed the Britains of that part of their Country
tor ever. There are yet to be {zen in that place,
huge Rampiers and Trenches , as Forcifications af
their Camps, and other moſt infallible figns
of ſo great a war. This was the Barony of Fames Jacobus de
de novo Mercaty, who having three 50: gy DE
them to Nichalas de. Moils , Fobn de Batereaux ; and 242
Ralph Ruſſel, whaſe Poſterity being enrich'd:by mar-
rying into the honourable Family of the Gorges , al-
umed chat name | u | *.
More northward js ſeen Dure/ly, the ancient - pol.
ſeflion of the Berkleys, hence call'd Berk/eys of Dureſ-
ly '4 ; they were Founders of the adjacent Abby of
King (wood, of the Ciſtercian order { w } *5, And
not far caltward we behold Bever/fone-caltle,lormerly Beverſtan.
belonging to the Gournys,and d4b-Adarps,who floucilh'd ab-14zme.
under Edward 1. bur alterwards to the Knighdly ta-
mily of the Berkley: [_ x |.
Hitherto 1 have made curſory remarks upon thoſe
places in this Conn which are ſituate beyond or
upon Severn ; now [ will pals forward to the ealter-
ſo carried by the waters tothe cops of the mountains: | which takes it's name from the hil}s and ſheepcores,
for he affirms hills to have been caſt up by the ſea, | (for, mountains and hills'*, theEnglilbmen in old cimes
and that they were at firſt only heaps of ſand cumbled | termed Folds, wpan which account the Ancient w.ldwhar
together ;[ avd fixed there by the watess; | alſo that the | Gloſlary interprets the Alps of lealy, the #oglgs in Engliſh.
{:a overflow'd where the hills. now rile aloft : upon
whoſe return into its wonted courſe , there was firſt
diſcovery made bath of Iflands and Hills [ q ]. But
theſe things ate beſide my purpole.
The Trajetius that 4ntonine mentions to be op-
polite to 4bon , where they uſed to pals the Seyerne,
was,as I imagine by.the name,heretgiore at Oldbury,z.e.
if you interpret the word, an encievt Burrougb;.as now
we ferry -over at Auf a village lomewhart lower | r |.
tive, This was formerly calld Af. Cline, for it is ſicuate
| of Italy.) 4", 4s theſe hills are {ed large ſlacks of
ſheep, with.che whiteſt waol, having long necks and
{guare Bodies, by xeaſon, as is fuppoled, of. their
hilly and ſhort paſture ; whoſe fine wool is much va-
lued in foreign nations. Under.che fide of chele-hilis,
as it were in a neighbourhood together, /lye theſe
following places molt remarkable for their Anti-
quity [ y ]”. b
.Campden, commonly called Camger, .a nated mar- Campagg
ket town, where (as John Caſtor averrs) all che Kings
_—
Rs OT Eo W4
_— -
_ W WY
8 They had their name from Bradſtonz in rhe Pariſh of Berkley, where they exeRted a Chantry.
When he had taken down an ancient houſe which Hagh Audeley
mened among the Barons in the t1me of King Edward 3. *'3 But
theſe is Sodbory, known by the family of Walſh ; and neighbours t
Edge, which yer anrk Ar the ſlaughter of Sir Thomas Talbot Viſcount Liſle,
Earl
Ralph Ruſſel che |
eunto ate Wike-ware the ancient ſear of the Family Devla-ware ; Woton
had formerly built. *'* Among whom Sir Thomas was ſum-
Sucfer 2 this Deorham defended to the family of Venis. bowe
here lain in the tim» of King Edward 4. m an encounter with the
Lord Barkley,” about poſſeſſions, ſmce which time hath continued ſuits between their Poſterity until now lately _ we pop Lg 14 on
built here a Caſtle nyw more than ruinons.
is Derived fom Tintern , whom Mand the Empreſs
ar Vntp
ed in the time King Richard 2. and the H:ir General was married to Cantelow. Within one ih of SR, Tor Fas Ht
ngeth, is Uleigh, 2 [eat alſo of the Barkleys deſcended from the Barons Barkley, ſtyled of Ulcigh, and Srok
Baron Boatetort, ended oY the Baron roots grey Caltles al:as Mor
7 Beginning at the north-eaſt end of them.
, who were 4
16 Without woods.
of
Lords of Dueley.
ortimer, and the Somerys
EE "3 «
F
Pom am—_— ww
— — —_— ——— ———— x - - — — -
UN: 1
wnder the hil's, upon the Eaſt- confines of the Coun.
ty, I faw that famous 'Roman highway call'd the
Foſſe. Out of Warwickſhire ic cometh down > -.
by Lemington, where there ſ{zems formerly to have
been a Station of the Romans, from the coins which
are often found and plow'd up there ; ſome of which,
* Adjoyning unto it is Weſton, of no great | Edward Palmer, an induſtrious Antiquary, * whoſz
antiquity, bur now remarkable for the ſtately houſe anceſtors have long lived here, very courteou!ly be-
there built by Ralph She/don tor him and his poſte- | ſtow'd upon me. Thence it goes by Stow © the
rity," which at a great di'tance makes a fine prolpe®: | Would, by it's high ſituation roo much expoſ-d to the
Hales, a molt tlouriſhing Abbey buile by Richard | winds | dd |; and by Northleach, fo called trom the
Earl of Cornwal and King of the Romans **, famous | little rivuler that runs by it ee |; and thence to C:-
for its ſcholar Alexander de Hales, a great maſter of | renceſter, to which town the river Churn running ©...
that knotty and ſubtile fort of ſchool divinity | aa | '. fourhward amongſt the hills *5, and very commodious it.
Sud!y. Sudley, tormerly Sudleagh ', a b:antiful caltle, lately | tor mills, gave that name. This was a famous city, of
Barons of the ſeat ** of Giles Bruges Baron of Chandos , whole | great antiquity, call'd by Ptolemy Coriniumn, by Anto- C.;.,
Chandss: prandfather John was honoured by Queen Mary | nine Durocornovium, i. &. the water Cornoviurn, jult 15
with that title, becauſe he derived his pedigree from | miles, as he obſerverh, diſtant from Glewam, or Gloceſter,
the ancient family of Chandos, out of which there | The Britains call'd it Caer-cor; and Caer-ceri, the Eng.
Rouriſh'd, in the reign of K. Edw. 3. ** fohn Chan- [liſh Saxons Cynen-ceapzen, and art this day it is
dos Vilcount Sr. Sawwurs in France, eminent for his | call'd Circeſfter and Circiter. The ruinated walls do
ſervices and great ſucceſs in war. The former Lords, | plainly ſhew it hath been very large, for they are ſaid
Brrons of hence called Barons of Sud/ey,' that lived here, were | to have been 2 miles about. That this was a conlide-
Sudlty. of an ancient Engliſh Race, deducing their original | rable place, the Roman coins, chequer'd pavements,
from Goda the daughter of K. Fthelred, whole fon | and inſcriptions in marble here dug up, do evident-
Ralph Medantinus Earl of Hereford, was the tather | ly prove ; which coming into the hands of ignorant
of Harold Lord of Sud/ey ; whoſe progeny long con- | and illiterate perſons, have been lighted and loſt, to
tinued here, until for want of iſſue male, the heirels | the great prejudice of Antiquity : and alſo thoſe Con: 1!
married with ** William Butler of the family of Jem | fular ways of the Romans, which here crots each *” **
and brought him a ſon named Thomas. He was fa- | other, eſpecially that which leadeth to Glewum or ©
ther of Ralph Lord high Treaſurer of England, whom | Gloceſter, are ſtill viſible with an high ridge as far as
Hen. 6. created Baron of Sudley *, and who new built | Bird /ip-hill; and to a curious obſerver, it ſeems to
this caſtle. His filters were married into the fa- | have been paved with ſtone | ff })_ The Britiſh An.
milies of Northbury and Belknape; by which their | nals tell us, that this Ciry was ſet on fire by one
poſſeflions were in a ſhort time divided into diffe- | Gurmundus, I know not what Atrican tyrant; he
rent families. making uſe of ſparrows to effect it : whence Giraldus
Hard by this is Teddington, where the Tracies, | calls it the City of Sparrows : and from theſe memoirs
of a worſhipſul and ancient family, have long flou- | Neckham writes thus ;
riſhed, and formerly received many favours irom the |
Barons of Sudley. But how in the firſt reformation
of —— _ Tracy Long of this place, was
cenſured after his death, his body being dug up and | { :
burn'd 'publickly, for ſome ſlight —— in his laft ' For ven long years
Will, which thoſe times call'd heretical ; or how in Who this Gurmund was, I contels, I am ignorant;
preceding times, atiother William Tracy imbrued the inhabitants ſhew a mount of earth near the cown
his hands in the blood of Thomas Archbiſhop of which they report he calt up, calling it Gri/mund';
Canterbury ; Eccleſaſtical writers having told us at | rower. Marianus, an hiſtorian of ancient credit, ſays
large, is now no part of my buſineſs to relate. | that Ceaulin took this city from the Britains atcer he
Wind e'. FWWinchelcomb is here ſeated, which is a populous town, | had vanquiſh'd their forces at Deorbam, and reduced
DO B
_ of che Saxon Race had a congrebs in the year 689,
and had 'a common conſult how to carry on the war
joyntly again(t the Britains : which town, * in Wil-
Inq. 2.£d.z. liam the Conqueror's time, was in the poſleſlion of
Hugh Earl of Cheſter, and from his poſterity de-
{cended '7 by Nicholas de Albeniaco to Roger de So-
mery [Z].
39
— Aw o=adws oa. -
OT —- —_— ————<— — ——_—_
_ ———— — — _ - -— —
1-7 - = CE ARIEL > eres, 5 > I ESI, oe _
- A —_— — my — yh
Haics.
Todding-
ron.
T1a-\cs.
Urbi wires experta tuas, Gurmunde, per anno
A ay" that defy'd proud Gurmund's ſtrength
J
| v
v
$i
[!
:
F
bf
iÞ
:
© 4
:
4
C
|
:
!
:
-
+ it
!
3 :
I F..
! |
-
Ll
'
| Y
* :
{ .
'
: -
1
coinb.
where Kenulph the Mercian King erected a Mona.
ſtery, and upon the day of it's conſecration, freely
diſmifſed Edbrith King of Kent, then his prifon-
er, without any ranſome paid.
'Tis ſcarce credible, in what great repute this mo-
naſtery was, for the ſake of the reliques of K. Keneim,
a child of 7 years old, whom his ſiſter privately be-
reaved of his life, to gain the inheritance, and who
was by that age added to the number of martyrs.
The neighbourhood of this place was formerly reck-
oned as a County or Sheriffdom by it ſelf; for we
Gloceſter. For a long time after ic was ſubject to the
Weſt-Saxons: for we read how Penda the Mercian
was defeated by Cinegliſe King of the Welt-Saxons
when he laid ſiege.co it with a mighty army. But
at laſt ir came, with the whole County, under the
power of the Mercians, and ſo continued till the
Engliſh Monarchy : under which it was grievouilly
harraſſed by the incurſions of the Danes, potli-
bly by that Gurmen the Dane whom hiſtorians
call Guthrus and Gurmundas | gg | **. Now ſcarce
che fourth part within the walls is inhabited, the
ſind in an ancient manuſcript belonging to the | reſt being paſture grounds, and the ruins of an Ab-
Church of Worceſter, theſe words, Edric /irnamed
* Adquii. Sireona, that w, the * Acquirer, who wnder Fthelred,
ror.
B:rimesficld.
and afterwards under Cnute or Canute, preſided and reign-
ed as aÞ iceroy over all England, adjoyned the Sheriff dom
of Winchelcombe, which was then an entire thing m it
ſelf, to the County of Gloceſter | bb | *4.
Lower in the County lyeth Brimesfield, where the
G//rd;B:- Gilfords were formerly I ords, to whom, by mar-
$11,
riage with the Cliffords, came a plentiful Eſtate ;
bur ſoon after, having only daughters, it fell to the
Lords Le Strange of Blackmer, the Audleys, and
others [| cc ].
- Thele places are- ſtuate amongſt the hills : but
|
bey, firſt buile by the Saxons as is reported, and
repair'd by Hen. 2.7; in which, as I am informed,
many of the family of the Barons of St. Amand are in-
terred.
The Caſtle that ſtood there was razed by the com-
mand of Hen. 3. in the firſt year ot his reign. The
chief trade of the inhabitants is in the Woollen Ma-
nufacture ; and they talk much of the great bounty
of Richard x. who enriched the Abbey, and ( as they
affirm ) made them Lords of the ſeven adjacent hun-
| dreds, ro hold the ſame in Fee Farm, to have tryal of
Canſes, and to impoſe Fines ; and to have the for-
feitures, amercements, and other profes ariſing thence,
6 This place is in Farwickſh:re.
— — _ ——
! The neat Chorch here was rin'd in the Civil wars, and the beſt part of the Caſtle is lince puli'd down
& This place belongeth now to Sir William Juxon Baronet, Nephew ro D:. Juxon Archbiſhop of Canterbury.
*6 Weſton and Biſclay were in the
poſſeſſion of Hugh Earl
Roger de Somery. of
is 4p was there
Kerkitou in France. + ** Sir #illiam, 2 With a fee
of Cheſter. *7 By Nicoiao de Albeniaco an Iubericrice to the ancient Earls of Arund:1 9
ted with his wile Sanchia daughter to the Earl of Provence.
lrrefragabilis, that «, the Doctor ungainfaid, as he that could not be gain/aid.
attaimted in the time of K. Eaw. 6, and afterward of Sir John Bruges, whom Q. Mary, &c. *' Sir John, a famous Banner
; 4 of 200 marks yearly.
i, As be carried away the ſirname of Do'tor
22 Of Sir Tho. Scimor, Baron Seimor of Sudley and Admiral of E191,
L. of Caumont au.
4 ( | 4 n +.ms .
24 Thence I found nothing monorable, but near the foun:a'n 0)
ca river, Coberley, a [rat of a ftem of Barkeleis, /o 0*ten named even from the Conqueſt, which marched with an heir of Chandos, and ſo ca7nt
hberegutarily to the Bruges
Danes ronfted bore one wwvale year. 27 For black Canions.
tnitors to the Lords Chandos. Then by Bird-lip-hill, whereby we aſcended to thi high Corefwoid,
26 Jo that it may jeem hb: was that Garmund which they ſo mul þ
35 Near « croct
79. # ralblament ©
oO
ak of; for ceries when be raged, atcur the year 2
(0
fre
-\
- Ouſe, that it might be originally of Glocelterſhire,
GCGLOCESTERSHIRE
—— —
to their own uſe | hh]. Moreover, King Henry 4.
granted them privileges, for their valiant and good
tervice performed againſt Thomas Holland: Earl of
Kent **, John Holland Earl of Huntingdon **, John
Montacute Earl of Salisbury, Thomas de Spencer
Earl of Gloceſter, and others, who being deprived
of their honours, conſpired againſt him 3 and being
here ſecured by the townſmen, ſome of them were
inſtantly lain, and the reſt beheaded [ ii].
The river Churne having left Cyrenceiter about 6
miles ®, joyneth with 76: : tor Iſis, commonly call'd
riſech near the ſouth border of this County, not far
His never-wearied hands a fpatious urn 4
Down on his azure boſom gravely turn,
And flaggs and reeds his uapo!l'd locks adorn. \
Each waving horn the fubje& ftream ſuplies,
And grateful light darts from his ſhining eyes.
His grizzly beard all wet hangs dropping down,
And guihing veins in wat'ry chanels run.
The litcle fiſh in joyful numbers crowd,
And ſilver ſwans fly o'er the cryſtal food,
And clap their ſnowy wings, ©.
lome have obtruded upon us William Fitz-Eultace
for the firſt Earl. Who this was, I have not yet met
f-om Torleton, a fmall village, hard by the famous
Foſſe-way. This is that Ifis ' which afterwards joyning |
with Tame, by adding the names together is call'd
Tamiſis , chief of the Britiſh rivers ; of which we
may truly ſay, as ancient writers did-of Euphrates in
the Eaſt, that it both plants and waters Britain\: the
poetical defcription of it's ſpring-head or fountain,
taken out of the marriage of Tame and Ifis, I have
added ; which you may read or omit, as you pleaſ
Lanigeros qua lata greges Cotſwaldis paſcit,
Creſcit & in colles feds, viſura Dobunes,
Haud procul 2 * Foſla longo ſpelunca receſſu
Cernitur, abrupti ſurgente crepidine clivi :
Cujns inaurats reſplendent limina tophs,
Atria tegit ebur, teftumque Gagate Britanno
Emicat, alterno ſolidantur pumice poſtes.
Materiam ſed wincit opus, ceduntque labort
Artifici tophus, pumex, ebur, atque Gagates.
Pingitur hinc vitrei moderatrix Cynthia regni
Paſſibus obliquis wolyentia ſydera luſt rans :
with in my reading ; and I believe there was never
ſuch an one extant [kk]: bur what I have found I
will not conceal from the Reader. 'Tis fiid, chat
about the Norman Invaſion, one Bi:brick a Saxon was
Now as to what relates to the Earls of Gloceſter ; ©
"re of
AN clte»,
—_
ift. Mo
Lord of Gloce(ter, againſt whom Maud che wife of 8. vt
William the Norman was highly exaſperated, for the 7:11 ...
contempr of her beauty ( tor he refusd to marry vv-y.
her,) and fo maliciouſly contrived his ruin; and
hen he was caſt into priſon, his eftate was granite
by the Conquerour to Robert the fon of Haimon of:
boyle in Normandy , commonly call'd Fitz.
tz, Hate
WII.
aimon; Who receiving a blow on the head with a Pole, Guil. Malm,
lrved a great while raving and diſtratted. His daughter
Mabel ( by others calld Sybil ) was married to Ro-
bere natural fon of King Henry 1. who was made
firſt Earl of Gloceſter, and by the common writers
of that age is call'd Conſul of Gloceſter, a man, above
all others in thoſe times, of a great and undauntet
ſpirit, that was never diſmay'd by misfortunes, and
performed heroick and difficult actions, with mighty
Oceano tellus comunita marita marito
Ilinc celatur , fraternaque flumina Ganges,
Nilas, Amazonius, trattuſque binomings Ifri,
Vicint & Rhent : ſed & bu inte#rmicat auro
Vellere Phrixeo dives, redimitaque [ficis
Clara triumphat « erefta Britannia Galls, &c,
Undoſo hic ſolio reſidet regnator aquarum
Ifis, fuminea qui majeſtate wverendus
Ceruleo gremio reſupinat prodigus urnam,
Intonſos crines ulvs & arundine cmttus,
Cornua cana liquent, fluitantia lumina lymph
Diſpergunt lucem, propexa in petfore barba
Tota madet, toto diftillant corpore gutte :
Er ſalientis aque prorumpunt undique vene.
Piſcicult liquidis penetralibus undique Iudunt,
Plurimus & cygnus niveis argenteus alis
Peryvolitat circum, WC.
Where Cocfwold's hillocks fam'd for weighty ſheep,
Their eager courfe to the Dobunians keep ;
Near the great Foſſe, a ſpatious plain there lies,
Where broken cliffs the ſecret rop diſguite.
Huge frceſtones neatly carv'd adorn the gate,
The porch with ivory ſhines, the roof with jeat,
And rows of pumice in the poſts are fet.
But nature yields to art : the workman's skill
Does freeſtone, ivory, pumice, jeat excell.
Here wandring Cynthia, arbitreſs o'the main,
Guides the dark ſtars with her refulgent train.
There Earth and Ocean their embraces join,
Here Ganges, Danube, Thermadon, and Rhine,
And fruitful N:/e in coſtly ſculpture ſhine.
Above the reſt Great Britain fits in ſtate,
With golden fleeces cloach'd and crown'd with
wheat,
And Gallick ſpoils lye trampled ar her feet, &c.
Here awful 1/s tills his liquid throne
I's, whom Britiſh ſtreams their monarch own.
|
honour, in the caule of his ſiſter Maud againſt Stephen
che uſurper of the crown of England. His fon Wil-
liam ſucceeded in the honour 3', whoſe 3 daughters
conveyed the dignity to fo many families f. The el-
deſt, Iſabella, bentiahe chis ticle to Fobn the fon of
| K. Henry 2, but when he had poſſeſled himſelf of
the throne, he procured a divorce from her, and
fold her for 20000 marks to Geoffry de Mandeville
!
{
|
'
ſon of Geoffry fon of Peter Earl of Effex, and crea- Par. 15.
ted him Earl of Gloceſter. He being dead without _—
iſſue, Almaric | fon to the Earl of Eurenx had this ho- +
» JW UICCNe
nour conferred upon him, as being born of Mabil =
» the youngeſt daughter of Earl William aforeſaid.
But Almaric dying alſo childleſs, the honour defſcend-
ed to Amicia the ſecond daughter, who' being mar-
ried to Richard de Clare Earl of Hertford, was mo-
ther to Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocettcr 2 ; whoſe ts v3
fon Richard, and his grandſon Gilbert 2. and preat and Herr
grandſon Gilbert 3. (who fell in the barre! at Sterling ****
in Scotland) ſucceflively inherited this title. But in
the minority of Gilbert 3. 4 Ralph de 47cnreberner,
who did clandeſtinely efpoufe the widow of Gil-
bert 2. and * daughter of Edward r. 7 for fome time * cara
enjoy'd the title of Earl of Gloceiter.
ima
Bute when Gilbert had arrived at the age of 2r j«
,
F
1t4c
years, he claimed the title, and was caltd to terve in 2" ©
Parliament amongſt the Barons. After Gilbert 2. w!.o
died childleſs, ** Hugh de Spencer or Spencer ju.
C6 bs
is by writers ſtiled Earl of Glocelter in right of his at =
IMIAGFeEwN
wife, who was the eldeſt ſiſter of Gilbert 3. But he |; 464...
being hang'd by the Queen and her Lords in defpighe
to Edward 2. whoſe Favourite he was, 7 Hugh de
Audley, who married the other fiſter, by the fa-
vour of Edward 3. obtained the honour. Aſter
whoſe death King Richard 2. erected this title into
a Dukedom, of which there were three Dukes with
one Earl between, and to them all it was un-
—C —— — _
— — —
{ See this opinion confated in the beginning of Wiltſhzre.
7 Late Duke of Surrey. 29 Late Duke of Exeter.
that thy were within prohubited degrees of conſanguinity : and reſervmg the caſtle of Briſtow to him, If, after jome time paid over Þ
Wife, with the honour of Gloceſter, to Geoffrey Mandevile, (on of Geoffrey Fitz- Peter Earl of Eſſex, for 20000 marks ; who filth
Pas greatly impovucriſh:d, and wormades in Tournament, dicd joon after without iſſue : ſhe being re-married to Hubert of Big
33 Who was ſtiled Earl of Glorefter and Hertford, and mightily enrich d his houſe by marrying one of the |
His ſon and ſucceſſor Richard, in the b:ginning of the Barons Wars againſt K. ticn. 3. enaed his ij. 4
3* The cldefs.
Er of Pembroke.
ſucterd him, who powerfully and prudently ſwayed much in the ſaid wars, as he inclined to them or the Kz. e000
u lands unto him, and received them again ty marry:;ug Joan the King's daughter ( ſrnamed of Acres 1 the Hoy
3” Near to Dounamveny an ancient ſeat of the Thungerfords.
NN 9
ZejeFed wth
comfor?lej; grief, when death hed deprived him of hu only Jon and heir, aſſured his eſtate, with bi; elarſt daughter, 19 Jon Jon to K. He yy 2. th
Certain proviſe's for his other daughters. -- + Jokn, when he had obtained the kingdom, repudiated h:7 upon pretences 4s well that jhe was varren, as +
is repuaiated
i SUEr MATER wm,
PF. Fe 4 # x INOCROALA.: ».
airs 9f I (Gam Mar foal
FUN (riloirt his [ 24 70
He. uinoxicits 10 K. Edm. 1. [uerrendred
Lana, bc 2 ibs was there
= « » Teo J » > ' - . . . my Fenda G a v »4 # . \«] ; # $#j{1»
) ro hus ſecond wife, who bore unto lim Gilbert Clare, laſt Earl of Gloceſter of this ſirname, flain in 7116 flowe! of 1/25 VOHtR 3 SCCFLANA, Bs £4
battel of Sterlmg, in the ſixth year of K. Eaw. 2. 3+ Sir Ralph.
= , p< 4 x Sp +. aw: li, ly tar *
e was ſummoned among the Barons by the name of Sir Ralph de Mont. hermer as long as he lived; which 1 note more Wicing'y jor 52
3s dir Hugh Le ds Spencer.
example, 37 Sir Hugh Audley.
35 boy which
met ; but after reconciled, was ſummoned to Parliaments by the name of Earl of Gloceſter and Herttord,
ws 5-7 as WA p 4+ i SY P_
bs incurred the Kinu's hizh difpiralere, and a ſhort inmvrijunce
Brut when G:i!bort was 0:17 of hes minority,
rarenc(s 6 f;ibe
fortunate
Q
Ye
4 1 Re” 4 aw eats Sur 4 oe te oo ng it oe oe»
.
ec
245
O— — —— ————_
OO ——— — —
—
.
—
Dukes of
Gioccltcr.
""DOBUN I.
fortunate and fatal, and broughe them to their | marriage was undoubtedly unlawful, and that tho il:
1uin, | ſue proceeding thence muſt be illegitimate, and not
Thomas of Woodſtock Earl of Buckingham , the | capable of inheriting the Crown. Moreover, ſince
youngett ſon of King Edward 3. was the firſt that | Gecrge Duke of Clarence, ſecond brother of Edward 4.
was Gignify'd with the title of Duke, but preſently | was by Act of Parliament attrainted of High Trea-
fell into the diſpieaſure of King Richard 2. tor be- |fon, and his childien excluded from all righs of ſuc-
ing an ambitious man,of an unquiet fpirit,he was ſur- | ceflion, none could be ignorant that Richard remain.
priled and ſent to Ca/ax-and there ſmothered he wi:h | ed the fole and undoubted heir of the kingdom;who
a Feather-bed;having before made a confe{hon under |
his hand ( as appeais in the Parliament Rolls ) that |
by virtte of a Patent which he had extoited from
the King, he had arrogated to himſcit Regal Autho-
rity, appear'd armed in the King's prejence, contu-
meliouſly revil'd him, conſulted with Icarned men |
being born in England, they well knew would ſeri-
oufly conſult the good of his native Country ; and of
whoſe birth and legitimacy there was not the leaſt
queſtion or diſpute : whole wiſdom allo, juſtice, gal-
lantry of mind, and warlike exploits valiantly per-
tormed for the good of the Nation, and the fplen-
how he might renounce his Allegiance, and enter- | dor of his noble extra ( as deſcended from the
tain'd a deſign to depoſe him. For which, after he | royal race of England, France and Spain) they were
was dead, he was attainted of High Trea'on by Act
of Patliament. He being thus taken off, the ſane
King gave the ticle of Earl of Glocefter to Thomas
De-Spencer *,who a little while aſter mer with no bet-
ter fate than his great Grandfather 39 Hugh had before
him ; for he was proſecuted by Henry 4 and ignomi-
niouſly degraded and beheaded at Bri/o/ +. Henry F.
created his brother Humphry the ſecond Duke? of Glo-
.ceſter, who us'd to ſtile himſelf ** Son, Brother , and
| Uncle of Kings, Duke of Gloceſter, Earl of Pembroke, and
Richard 3.
Lord bigh Chamberlain of England. He was a great
Friend and Patren both of his Country and Learn-
ing , but by the contrivance # of a woman, he
was taken off at St. Edmur,ds-Bury. The third and
laſt Duke was Richard the third, brother to King Ed-
ward 4. who having inhumaniy murther'd his Ne-
phews, uſurp'd the Throne, which within the ſpace
of ewo years he loſt with his lite in a pitche battle,
and found by ſad experience, That an unſurped power
unjuſtly gain'd, 1s never laſt ing.
Concerning this laſt Duke of Gloceſter, and his firſt
entrance upon the Crown , give me leave to act the
part of an Hiſtorian for a while, which I ſhall pre-
ſent!y lay aſide again, as not being ſufficiently quali-
iy'd for ſuch an undertaking.
When he was declared ProteRor of the Kingdom,
and had his two young nephews, Edwards. King of
England, and Richard Duke of York in his power ; he
began to aim at the Crown z and by a protuſe libera-
lity, great gravity mixed with ſingular affability,
deep wiſdom, impartial Juſtice to all ous: joyned
wich other ſubtle devices, he procured the affections
of all, and particularly gained the Lawyers on his
ſide, and fo managed the matter, that there was an
humble Petition in the name of the Eſtates of the
realm, offer'd him, in which they earneſtly pray'd
him, That tor the publick good of the Kingdom,
and ſafety of the People, he would accept the
Crown, and thereby ſupport his tottering Country,
and not ſuffer it to fall into utter ruin ; which with-
out reſpec to the laws of Nature, and thoſe of the
eſtablithd Government, had been harraſſed and per-
plexed with civil wars, rapines, murders, and all o-
ther forts of miſeries, ever ſince Edward 4. his bro-
ther, being enchanted with love potions, had con-
tracted that unhappy match with El:zaberh Grey Wi-
dow, without the conſent of Nobles, or. publication
of Banns, in a clandeſtine manner, and not in the
face of the Congregation, contrary to the laudable
cuſtom of che Church of England. An1 what was
worſe , when he had pre-contracted himſelf to
the Lady Eleanor Butler , daughter to the Earl of
$hrewsbury ; from whence it was apparent that his
| very well acquainted with , and fully underſlood.
| Wherefore having fcriouſly conſidered again and a-
gain of theſe and many other reaſons, they Cid fice-
ly and voluntarily, with an unanimous conſent, ac-
cording to their Pericion, ele him to be their King,
and with prayers and tears, out of the great conh-
dence they had in him , humbly beſought him to
accept of the Kingdom of England, France and he-
land, which were doubly his, both by right of inhe-
ritance and ele&ion, and that for the love which he
bore to his native Country, he would ſtretch forth his
helping hand, to fave and proteR it from impendent
ruin. Which if he performed, they largely pro-
mis'd him all faith, duty and allegiance ; other-
wiſe they were reſoly'd to endure the utmoſt extre-
mity, rather than ſuffer themſelves to be brought in-
to the bonds of a diſgraceful ſlavery , from which at
preſent they were freed. This humble Peticion was
preſented to him before he accepted the Crown ;
afterwards it was alſo offered in the great Council
of the Nation, and approved of, and by their au-
thority it was enacted and declared (in a heap of
words , as the cuſtom is) That by the Laws cf
God, Nature, and of England, and by a moſt lau-
dable Cuſtom, Richard after a lawful Ele&ion, Inau-
guration and Coronation, was and is the true and
undoubted King of England, &c. and that the inhe-
ritance of theſe Kingdoms rightfully belongs to the
heirs of his body lawtully begotten: and to uſe the
very words as they are penned in the original Re-
cords, It was enatted,decreed and declar'd,by autbority of
Parliament,that all and ſingular the Contents in the afore-
ſaid Bill, are true and undoubted, and that the ſame our
Lord the King, with the aſſent of the three Eſtates of the
Realm, and - the - authority aforeſaid, doth pronounce, at-
cree, and declare the ſame to be true and pn IFRS)
I have more largely explained theſe matters, that
ic may be underſtood how far the power of a Prince,
pretended godlineſs , ſubtle arguings of Lawyers,
flattering hope, cowardly fear, deſire of new chan-
ges, and ſpecious pretences, may prevail againſt all
right and juſtice, even upon the great and wile al-
ſembly of the Nation. But the ſame cannot be ſaid
of this Richard as was of Galba, That he had been
thought fit for Empire , had he not reigned ; for
he , ſeated in the Empire, deceived all mens ex-
pectations; but this had been moſt worthy of a King-
dom, had he not aſpired thereunto by wicked ways
and means : ſo that in the opinion of the wiſe, he is
to be reckon'd in the number of bad men, but
of good Princes. Burt I muſt not forget that 1 am a
Chorographer, and ſo muſt lay aſide the Hiſto-
rian.
There are in thu County 280 Pariſhes.
— - -
37 In the right of his great Grandmother.
19 Sir Hugh,
ſcen in an Inſtrument 0
49 By
the Peoples fury. 4* In the firſt year of King Henry 6. as 1 hot
bus, Humphrey by th: Grac: of God Son, Brother and Uncie to Kings. I uke ef Gloceſter, Earl of Hainault, Holland, Z*t-,
{and, and Pembroke, Lord of Friſeland, Grea: Chamberlain of the Kingdem of England, Proteffor ana Defender of the ſame Kingdem and Church
Enzlama. 42: Of a Woman,
ADDITIONS
, Where Mr. Powell in the year 1675. dug up in his
— =_ - _— -—-— —— - —_
OD — my -— — - — —— —
GLOCESTERSHIRE.
— — —_——_—— —
ADDITIONS to
'a] Loceſterſhire, in Saxon Gleapceaycne-
rcype, and Gleapcerene-rcyne, 15 laid
to be in length 60 miles,in breadth 26,
and in circumference 190. The V/:ne-
yards mention'd by our Author, have nothing left in
chis County but the places nam'd from them; one near
.. Tewkesbury, at preſent call'd the Vineyard, and another
* on A riſing hill by Oversbridge near Gloceſter ; where
was a large houſe moted round, belonging to the Bi-
ſhop of Gloceſter, built about the year 1351. by the
Abbot of Gloceſter ; but 'twas totally ruin'd in the |
late Civil Wars. :
[ b] The Cuſtom of having forfeited Eſtates re-
turn'd them, is now loſt by deſuerude ; for upon
the ſtricteſt enquiries among underſtanding men, it
does not appear that *tis usgd & claim'd in any part
of this County.
30000 Acres ; the ſoil a deep clay, fit for the growth
of Oak. The hills are full of Iron-ore, which colour
the ſeveral Springs that have their paſſage through
them. Here are leveral Fornaces for the making of
Iron, which by the violence of the fire becomes
fluid, and being brought to their torges, are beat out
into Barrs of various ſhapes. The workmen are ve-
ry induſtrious in ſeeking out the Beds of old Cin-
ders, which not being tully exhauſted , are burnt a-
gain in the furnaces, and make the beſt Iron. The
Oak of the foreſt was ſo very conſiderable, that tis
{ſaid to have been part of the Inſtructions of the Spa-
niſh Armada to deſtroy the timber of this place. But
what a foreign power could not effet, our own Ci-
vil diſſentions did; for it went miſerably to wrack in
the Civil wars.
[ d ] The Aventon mention'd by our Author is at
| preſent call'd {/vingtow , being a Chapel of Eaſe to
Wollaſton , the eltate of Henry Duke of Beaufort.
S&. BreviaPs-Caſtle is now ruin'd, and ſerves as a pri-
fon for offenders in the Foreſt. It has been always
eſteem'd a place of truſt and honour, and ſeveral of
the Nobility have been Governours of ic. His Grace
the Duke of Beaufort is Conſtab'e of the place. Here
it is that the Mine-Court, Swain: Morte, and Speech- Court
are kept, wherein are ſeveral old Cuſtoms of Plead-
ing.
| & ] By the river the, lyeth Newland , a large
© Pariſh; ſtanding in a pleaſanc plain , where are vaſt
Mine-pits of 60 or 70 foot deep, and as large as a
conſiderable Church. Mr. Jones, a Hamborow-
Merchant, erected here an Alms houſe for 16 poor
men and women, and gave a very good houſe and
ſtipend co a Lecturer ; the Company of Haberdaſhers
in London being Truſtees. North-weſt from hence,
7. 15 Weſtbury, a very large Pariſh, reputed about twenty
miles in compab.
{ f] Our next guide is the Severn , which runs in
this County above 40 miles by land: 'tis in ſome
Places 2 or 3 miles over, and yet the tyde floweth
the whole length of - the current as high as Tewkes- |
bury. It is remarkable that the tydes one year are
_ at full Moon, the next at the change ; and |
and that one year the night-tydes are largeſt, the o-
ther the day-tydes.
\ [ 8] This river firſt goes to Tewkesbury, where but
little of the Abbey remains, ſaving only the Church,
Which is now Parochial, and had once a fair Spire
Upon ic. Mr. Fuller in his Church-Hiſtory makes it
a controverted point, whether the Abbot of Tewkes-
bury had a voice in Parliament ; but by Biſhop God-
wm's Annals it appears he had one, 1539. $0 that
this County had four micred Abbies, GleceHer, Ciren-
eeſter, Tewkesbury, and WWinchcombe. The Corporation
”= diſſoly'd by the Proclamation of King Fames 2,
16588. +
[ h] At alittle diſtance from hence is DeorbirF,
Orchard an old ſtone withthis Inſcription: Odds Dux |
GLOCESTERSHIRE.
S. Trinitatus, pro anima germani [ui Elfricit que de bos
di Regis Anglorum : i.e. Duke Odda commanded this
Royal Palace to be buile, and ro be dedicated to the
Holy Trinity, for the foul ot his Couſin Elfrick,
which was parted from his body in this place. But
| Ealdred was the Biſhop who conſecrated ie, on the
ſecond of the Ides of April, and the 14th year of the
'reign of the Holy King Edward.
Saxon, inſtead of Olamize (for fo our ancierſt Annals
read it,) and makes it famous for the battle between
Edmund and Canutus. But general tradition will not
allow this tobe the place, neither is it jultify'd by
any analogy between the old and new names. Near
Glocetter, betwjxt Oversbridge and Mayſemore, there is
non
»*t ( c] The preſent Foreſt of Dean contains about | an Iſland call'd to this day the Iſle of Alney , which
one need not ſcruple to ſay was the very place of thac
action.
Saxon Gleapanceafrep, where the Caſtle mention'd
by Mr. Camden, is now the common Goal for Deb-
tors and Felons. The Monaſtery built there by 0/:
rick, being ruin'd and decay'd, was repair'd by Beor-
nulph King of the Mercians in the year 821, who
chang'd the former inſticution into Seculars ; and
they continued till Wulſtan Biſhop of Worceſter
plac'd Regulars there of the Order of - St. Benedict,
in the year 1022. A learned Member of this Church
has diſcover'd by ſome ancient Records , that Ralph
Willington (and not the ewo mention'd by our . Au-
thor) built our Lady's Chape!, and gave Lands to find
two Prieſts for ever there. The Offerings at King
Edward's Tomb were very large ; for preſently after
his death, ſo great a reſpect was paid tothe memory
of their injur'd Prince,that the Town was ſcarce able
to receive the Votaries that flock'd thither. And the
Regiſter of the Abbey affirms, that if all che Objati-
ons had been. expended upon the Church, they
| might have built an entire new,one from. the very
foundation. The Tower is ſo neat and curious, that
| ſeveral Travellers have affirm'd it to be one of the
beſt pieces of Architeture in England. Abbot Sea-
broke the firſt deſigner of it dying, left ic to the care
of Robert Tully a Monk of this place ; which is in-
timated in thoſe two verſes written in black Letters,
under the arch of the Tower- in the Quire :
| Hoc quod digeſtum ſpecularis opuſque politam
Tulli hec ex onere, Seabroke Abbate jubemte.
The Whiſpering-place ſeems to be - purely accidental ;
for if one ſurvey the outſide of the Church, he will
ſee that two parts of it were tackt on only as paſla-
ges into'a Chapel erected there,
[1] As for the City, King Joby made it a Bur-
— —
| rough to: be govern'd by two Bailiffs, and King Hen-
ry 3. (who was crownd here) made it a Corporati-
on. On theſouth-ſide of the Abbey King Edward :.
erected a noble Free-ſtone-gate, which is {till call'd
Edward's Gate ; it was repair'd by the lait Abbot, buc
almoſt demoliſh in the late Civil wars. K. Richard
the third gave ic his Sword and Cap of Mainten-
ance, and added the two Hundreds ; but after the
Reſtoration of King Charles 2. they were taken a-
way by. A& of Parliament , and the wails pull'd
down, becauſe they had ſhut the gates againſt King
Charles xz. when he laid fiege to the place, in the
year 1643. |
Before chat fiege,the City was adorn'd with eleven
Pariſh-Churches; but five of them were then de-
moliſh'd. There is great proviſion for the poor by
Hoſpitals ; particularly Bartholomew's Hoſpital main.
tains 54 poor men and women, to who there be-
longs a Miniſter, Phyſician, and Chirurgeon. And
Sir Thomas Rich Baronet, a native of this place, gave
6000 1.by Will for a Blewe-coa:r-Hofpital, wherein are
1477 hanc Regiam Anlam con/Frui ata; dedicari in honorem j Educated 29 Bovs; 1s por Mn, andas many Wo-
CE: 2 men
loco aſſumpta. Ealdredus vero Epiſcopms qui candem de-
dicavit 2 Idibus April. 14. autem anno S. Regs Eadwar-
246
| 1 ] Next is what our Author calls Oleaneaz in Olaniage.
[ k ] From hence the Severn runs to GloceFter , in Gloceſter.
:
- OI OI _
—S
_— — — —
men, maintain'd; a!l cloath'd annually. Pefides
theſe ( and three more) there are many other Be-
nefatjons to encourage young Tradeſmen, and to
place out boys Apprentices.
m ] As to this place being the ſeat of a Britiſh
Biſhop, there is this farther confirmation ; that in
the Hall of the Biſhops Palace is written, Eldadw
Epiſcopus Gleceſtrenſis ; and Bithop Godwin ſays, that
Theonus was tranilated from Gloceiter to London in
the year 553.
[n] Juſt beyond Glocefter, the Severn paſſeth by
Lantbony. Lanthony, a ruinated Priory built in the year 1136.
as a Cell to that of St. Fobn Baprift in Wales. Above
this, of1 a little hill, ſtood Newark- houſe, which be-
long'd to the Prior, and has been lately rebuilt by
my Lord Scudamore the owner thereof.
[ o ] Below this the river Stroud runneth into the
Severn, apon which ſtandeth a town of the fame
name, famous for cloathing ; the water whereof is
faid to have a peculiar quality in dying Reds. Ir is
a market-town ſtanding on the aſcent of a hill, and
is the chief reſidence of the Clothiers in theſe parts,
whoſe trade in this County amounts to y00000 /. per
annum ; ome making a thouſand Cloaths a year for
their own ſhare. |
' Between this and Gloceſter ſtandeth Paynſwick,
a matket-rown, ſaid to have the beſt and wholſomeſt
air in the whole County : and near it, on the hill,
Kembxvoz. Was Kembiborow-Caſi le, the fortifications and trenches
row Cattle. whereof are ftill viſible. Beyond which lyech Prot
zcrſh, once the manſion of the Abbot of Gloceſter, a
pleaſant feat on the fide of the hill : *tis now the in-
eritance of John Bridgman Eſq; a deſcendant of
Sir fobn Bridgman Lord chief Juſtice of Chefter.
South of the river” S$r1roud, and not far from Min
chin hampton, ( a pretty tharker-town once belonging
to the Nuns of S:0n, ) is Pood-cbeſter, famotss for it's
reſſeraick work of painted bealts and flowers, which
Stroud.
Paynſwick.
Wood-
chciter.
appears in the Churchyard two or three foot deep in
mn the graves. - If we may believe tradition,
(
Eart Godwin's wife (to make reſtitution for her
husband's fraud at Barkley ) buikt a Religious-houſe
ow, with thoſe pretty ornaments that ate yer to be
een. |
Barkley. CP Bur now to return to our Author : Barkley
k the largeſt pariſh'in the County, and gives name
to the wi x diviffon. The place is honour'd by
giving title to George Earl of Barkley, who hath a fair
Caftte here, tho? not ſo large as formerly. The little
room where the unhappy King Edward was mur-
der'd, is {till to be ſeen. The Mayor here is only
titular.
The manour of Kings-Weſ/ton, tho' at 12 miles di-
ſtance from Barkley, is yet .in the ſame Hundred ;
and was ( as it appears by Domeſday ) at and before
the Conquelt, a parcel of the ſaid manour of Barkley.
' In the year 1658. it was purchasd by Sir Robert
Southwell, who has there, berween the Avon and the
Severn, a very pleaſant feat. Ir hath a proſpect into
ſeveral Counties, and the ſhips in Kings-road are at an
eaſie diſtance. The Sourbwells were formerly conſi-
derable in Nottinghamhhire, at the town of the ſame
name; from whence -they removed into Norfolk.
In King James 1.'s time, the eldeſt branch went in-
to Ireland, where the faid Sir Robert enjoys a fair
eſtate on the oppoſite ſhore to King-weſton, at King-
ſale, and thereabouts.
ſq] Alderly is now only famous for being the
birth-place of Sir Marthew Hale Lord chiet Juſtice of
England ; who dying in the year 1676. lyeth buried
in this Churchyard under a tomb of black marble.
{ r] As Oldbury in both parts of it's name carries ſome-
thing of antiquity ; ſo has' it that citle confirm'd to ir
by a large Campus major of the Roman Fortifications,
and where the Church now ſtands was the Campus
minor : there are in this County ſeveral more ſuch.
[1] At a little diſtance from the Severn is Thorw-
bury, only a titular Mayor-rown. The Caſtle de-
ſign'd to be rebuilt, had this Int-ription, The gate was
begun 1511. 2 Hen. 8. by me Edward Duke of Bucking-
ham, Earl of Hereford, Strfford, and Northampton. He
was beheaded betore he perfe&ed his deſign ; for he
had intended to make the Church at Thornbury Col-
Aiderly.
' Oldoury.
Thornbury
legiate, with Dean and Prebends. They have here
four ſmall Alms-houſes, a Free-ſchool, and weekly
market. The molt conſiderable Gentry heretofore
paid an annual attendance at Thornbury-Court, where
re. Abbot of Texksbury was oblig d perſonally to ſay
£ S$,
[el Puckle-Church is now only a ſmall village, the Pu.
ſeat of the Dennis's, whole tamily have been 18 times =
High-Sheritt of this County.
Beyond this, near Briſtol, lyeth King ſwood-fore#}, xg,
formerly of a much larger excent, bur now drawn =
within the bounds of 5ooo acres. Ir conſfilts chiefly
of Coal-mines, ſeveral Gentry being poſleſſors of it
by Patent from the Crown. Tis a controverted
point whether it be a Fore## or Chaſe; for 'tis ſaid to
have been dependant upon Micklewood, that is now
deſtroy'd. Within it are two fine feats ; Barrs-Court
in Bitton-pariſh, belonging to Sir Fobn Newton Baronet;
and Siſton-howſe, to Samuel Trotman Eſquire.
Not far from Briſtol lyeth J/efbury upon Trin ; Wi
which river now is dwindled into alittle brook. Here
was a famous College, encompaſsd with a ſtrong
wall, built by Fohs Carpenter Biſhop of Worceſter
about the year 1443. who deſign'd to have been ſtild
Biſhop of Worceſter and Weſtbury. This, with the adja-
cent Pariſhes in Gloceſterſhire that lye round Briſtol,
are under the Juriſdiction of the Biſhop of Briſtol.
On the top of St. Vincent's Rocks near Briſtol, * is *.
a roundiſh fortification or Camp ; the rampire and _
graffe thereof not great: for by reaſon of the near-
neſs of the rock, which is as hard as matble, the
ground is not eaſily digg'd. Whether thoſe rocks
towards the top conſiſt moſtly of perrify'd pieces of
wood ( as ſome are inclin'd to think ) let the Natu-
rahiſts examine. The precipice of the Rock over the
river Avon, has made all Works on the welt-ſide
needleſs.
About ewo miles from St. Vincent's rocks is Hen- He
bury, t where is a Camp with three rampires and +14
trenches ; from which one may conclude it to have
been done rather by the Britains than any other
ople.
[ u ] The Fortifications mentiog'd by our Author
to be at Derham, are (I ſuppole ) the ſame with hat
|| Mr. Aubrey has taken notice of upon Henton-hill in ja
that pariſh. Ir is call'd Bwrrill, is ſingle-trench'd, and "*
ſeems to have been ruin'd betore fully finiſh'd. / With-
in the bank ic contains 20 acres of arable land{ but on
the: weſt and fouth ſides there is no bank nor trench ;
which probably was occaſion'd by the ſteep Meres
that would not give leave to draw them. The New-
merch or de novo mercatu, mentiond by our Author,
came in with the Conquerour ; but had only ro
daughters, Hawys and [ſabel, as Sir William Dugdale
in his Baronage has told us. Mr. Camden's miſtake in
making three, ſeems occaſion'd by the elder being
marry'd firſt to Fohn Botereaux, and afterwards to
Nicholas de Moels ; which two, he ſays, marry'd two
of the daughters. This Deorbam from Ralph Ruſſel
deſcended to Sir Gilbert Demys, who marry'd the
heireſs of that family ; thence to the Winters, whole
heireſs marry'd to William Blathwayt Eſq; the preſent
poſleſſor : he hath built here a ſtately new fabrick in
the room of the old one.
Not far from hence lyeth Great Badminton, a feat Gre
belonging to his Grace Herry Duke of Beaufort ;
which having been made his Country-reſidence {ince
the demoliſhment of Rayland Caſtle, is fo adorn'd with
ftately additions to the houſe, large parks, . neat and
ſpacious gardens, variety of fountains, walks, ave-
nues, Paddocks, and other contrivances for recreatl-
on and pleaſure; as to make it juſtly eſteem'd one ol
the moſt complete ſeats in the kingdom : ail which
is owing to the care, judgment, and expence of the
preſent Duke. 4
Burt here we muſt not omit Chipping-Sodbury, 3 ©?
market-rown below the hills, which hath a Free-
{chool, and was governd by a Bailiff: but about
1581. 'twas made a Corporation, with a Mayor, Al-
dermen, and Burgeſſes; which was ſupprefied by
the Proclamation of K. James, 1688.
Next is Wotron-under-edge, famous for C loathing ; ®
where is a noble Free-ſchool eieted by Catherine _
T
— —O———— ————— -—
-GLOCESTERSHIRE
of Thomas Lord Berkley, in the year 1385. an Alm
hou'e by Hugh Perry Alderman of London, in 1632.
which coſt 1000 /. and the like fum was given by
Sir Jonathan Daw: late Sheriff of London, for the re-
l:et of che poor.
{w | Inchis bottom lyeth Durſly, a market-town,
famous for Cloathing. Kimgeſwood Abbey ( which
our Author mentions ) is by all writers plac'd in Gleo-
ceſterſhire ; whereas the whole Pariſh is really in the
County of Wilts, under the power of their Sheriffs
and Juſtices, but within the Dioceſe of Gloceſter. It
was founded by William Berkley 1139. thence remo
ved to Terbury, and at laſt fix'd here till the Diſſolu-
tion.
., [x] Above the hills is Beverfon Caſtle, which
' formerly belong'd to the Berkleys, hut is now in the
poſleflion of Sir William Hicks Baronet. Beyond
which lyeth Terbury, where is a great market for yarn ;
and a Free-{chool and Alms-houſe by the bounty of
Sir William Romney a native of the place. Ir belong'd
to the Berkleys, but they fold their right to the inha-
birants who now enjoy the golls and profits of the
markets and fairs.
[' y ] In Coteſwold, near Norlich or North-Leach,
Ms. at a Village call'd Farmington, * is an exceeding large
| Roman camp naim'd Norbury, 854 paces long, and
473 broad. The Works are but ſingle, and not ve-
ry high: tis now a corn-field ; and not far from it
weſtward there 1s a barrow.
In the ſame Would is Pamſwick-Pariſh, about 5 miles
from Gloceſter; + wherein is Kimsbury-Caſtle, ex-
ceeding high : on the north-ſide it has a valt pre-
cipice, and on the other ſides ſtupendous Works.
From hence is a moſt lovely proſpect over the Vale,
to Malvern-bills, to Shropſhire, Worceſterſhire, Hereford-
ſhire, and Monmouthſhire.
[ Z } In the north part of the County is Camden,
C a market-town famous for Stockings. It gave the
title of Viſcount to Sir Baptz#F Hicks, 4 Car. rt. who
was a great benefactor to this place, by erecting an
Alms-houſe, rebuilding the market-place, and an-
nexing the Impropriation of Winfyth in Dorſetſhice
for the augmentation of the Vicaridge. He built here
a curious houſe near the Church (which was burnt in
the late Civil Wars, leſt ic ſhould be a garriſon for the
Parliament ; )- and lyes bury'd in the ſouth Ile of the
Church, which is adorn'd with ſuch noble monu-
ments of marble, as equal, if not exceed, moſt in
England. He gave in his life-time ten thouſand
pounds to charicable uſes, as his Epitaph mentions ;
and leaving only ewo daughters, the honour deſcend.
ed to my Lord Neel by marrying the eldeſt of them :
whoſe poſterity are now Earls of Gainsburrow.
The #*fon mention'd by our Author near this
place, is not that where Ralph Sheldon built his houſe
( tor he had no land there; ) but #efor in the pariſh
of Long-Compton in Warwickſhire, of which place
he was then Lord, as his poſterity are to this day.
Beyond Camden, on a riſing ground ; is Ebburton,
where the Lord Chancellour Forteſcue lies buried : his
monument was not erected till the year 1677.
| aa | Next, is Hales-Abbey, which was begun in
the year 1246. and when 'twas dedicated, the King,
Queen, and Court, were all preſent at the folemni-
ty. There are now but ſmall remains of it, only a
neat cloyſter; the reit being turn'd into a fair houſe
now in the poſſeſſion of William Lord Tracy of Tod-
dington two miles off, where he has a ſtately houſe,
the ſeat of his Anceſtors. Alexander de Hales, men-
tion'd by our Author, lies agg +: in the Cordeliers
' Church in Paris, and (if his Epitaph ſays true )
dy'd 1245. a year before this Abbey was begun ; ſo
_ I do not ſee how he could have his education
IcTEe. k |
[ bb ] Not far from hence is Winchcomb, where
are ſcarce any ruins viſible eicher of the Abbey, or of
that which was call'd Iy-Caſtle, or of St. Nicholas
Church that ſtood in the ealt part of the town. The
inhabicants made planting of Tobacco their chief buſi-
neſs, which turn'd to good account ; till reſtrain'd
by the 12 Car. 2. they decay'd by little and little,
and are now generally poor.
W-i
zee
010
4
ww H
| Tpelield
formerly a place of ſome repute ; for we find, that
Lionel Duke of Clarence had a Charter for a weekly
market here on Tueſdays, and a Fair on the Eve of
Corpus Chriſti : here was alſo a Priory and a Caitle
but both are vaniſh'd Fobn Gifferd, Lord of this
place, founded Gloceſter-hall in Oxon. for the Monks
of Gloceſter.
[ dd ] On the edge of Oxfordſhire is Stow, a great Stow.
market, where ( as the common obſervation goes )
they have but one element, viz. Air ; there being
neither wood, common field, nor water; belonging
co the rown. Ir hath an Alms-houſe, a Free ſchool,
and a multitude of poor. Here. in the year 1645.
March 21. the forces of King Charles 1. being over:
power'd, were routed by the Parliament-Army.
{ ce ] Next is North leach, a market-town with a Nonhleach
neat Church, Here is a good Grammar-ſ:hool
tounded by Fugh Weftwood E1lqg who ( as 'tis com-
monly reported ) came afterwards to be low in the
world, and deſiring to be Maſter of his own ſchool,
was deny'd that favour by the Truftees. By the * 4th * Cp. z.
of James x. it was fett!d upon Queen's College in
Oxtord.
[ if ] More to the ſouth is Cirenceſter, where was a Cirenceſter
Church of Prebendaries before the Conqueſt ; but of
whoſe foundation, unknown. Rumbaldus ( as + Le- +1tin. MS.
land affirms ) Chancellour to Edward the Confeſſor,
was Dean of this place, and bury'd here. They have
had 3 Parochial-Churches, St. Cecilia's, St. Lawrence ;
and St. Fobn's, a very fair one, the preſent Parith-
Church. Ir hath in it 5 Chapels ; that of St. Mary's
was very conſiderable, of the perquiſites whereot there
is a large account in the MSS. of Sir #:iam Dugdale
in Oxford. The body of the Church is new work,
laid to be built by Tho. Ruthall Bilhop of Durham, a
native of this place, whoſe Arms impal'd with thoſe
of the Biſhoprick of Durham, are ſeen in it. Bur
notwithſtanding that, he could not be the Founder ;
for there is a Tomb for Sir Wiliam Nottingham 1427.
whereas the Biſhop dy'd not till 15 24. and the Re-
giſter of St. Mary's Chapel was made 1460. Leland
indeed has told us, that Aweling, the Bilhop's Aunt,
gave Ioo /. to the building of the goodly porch there,
_ his other relations contributed to the finiſhing
of it.
[ gg ] The Author of the Welſh Hiſtory makes men-
tion of one Gurmundws an Arch pirate, Captain of
the Norwegians, who afliſted the Saxons, The
place call'd Griſmund s Tower, is yet to be {een on the
weſt-ſide of the town ; 'tis a ſteep round berry, like
a Windmill-hill, where mens bones of an unuſual
ſize have been found, and ſepulchres with a round
veſſel of lead, with aſhes and pieces ot bones in them,
as Leland infornis us.
In this town are two fine ſeats, the one belonging
to the Earl of Newburrough, and the other ( which
was the ſite of the Abbey ) to Thomas Maſters Elq.
{ hh } The 7 Hundreds that were fo great a pri-
vilege to the Abbey, are now veſted in Sir Robert
Arkyns Knight of the Bath, Lord chief Baron of the
Exchequer, who hath a fair ſeat and eſtate at Sapper- Sapperten.
ton near this place. His Anceſtors have been very
eminent in the Law ; the father and two ſons having
far Judges in Weſtminſter-hall, ſince the year 1660.
There have been lately dug up in the town large
vaules of brick, which were in ancient times made by
the Romans for Baths. ;
[ ii ] Beyond Cirenceſter lyeth Fairford, where Fairford.
the tine Church was buile by Fohn Tame Elq. He
dyd che 8. of May 1500. and lies bury'd here. ( He
is {aid alſo to have built Rendcombe-Church, which
place is now the habitation of Sir Fob Guyſe Baroner,
where he hath made him a pleaſant ſeat. ) The Tames
were poſſeſſed of chis place by the Attainder of New
Earl of Warwick, where was a houſe on the north-
fide of the Church call'd Warwick-Court. The preſent
poſleſſor is Andrew Barker Elq; who about 3o years
ſince built a neat houſe remoter from the Church.
Thence we go to Lzcblade, which the Monkiſh
Writers hammer'd into Latmlade, to' ſupport their || Se Som-
forged notion of it's being a Latin Univerſity. Where. 2's Gloll.
. 2 the X.
as, || if they had underſtood their own original lan- Scripterer
[cc] A little lower lies Primpsfield, which Was |
guage, they would eaſily have perceiv'd that the 4 _
nNamse lads.
>
251
* 3znage thor, * Sir Williann Dugdale has obſerv'd that Elds!
p.1.
+ Loid.p.1?
——— — ———- _—
- year 461.7 and that Swayne,eldeſt fon to Godwin Earl
—_ V———— ———— — — — —_ — - —
OC EE —uo—o—_ —— OO —Q
name implies no ore than the Lech's unlading it (elf
there into the "Thames.
[ k k } Before the Earls reckon'd up by our Au-
the Britain had the title of Earl of Glocefter, in the
of Kent, had the ſame honour.
Continuation of the DUKES.
Henry, third fon to King Charles 1. born 1639.
was Duke of Gloceſter, and dy'd unmarry'd 13. Sept.
1660. Since which time ths title lay vacant ill
William fon of George Prince of Denmark was crea
ted Duke of this place by his prekent Majeſty.
More rare Plants growing wild in Gloceſterſhire.
Androſzxmum Campoclarenſe Co], Matthioli Park.
uoad deſcr. Hypericon elegantifimum non ramo-
{am, folio lato F. B. Aſcyron feu Hypericum bitfoli-
um glabrum non perforatum C.B. Elegant broad-leav'd
imperforate S. Fobn's-wort. On St. Vincent's rock near
Briſtol. ;
Aſparagus paluſtris Ger. Marſh Aſparagus or Sperage,
corruptly call d Sparrow-graſs. See the other Synonymes im
Cermwall Cat. In Appleton-meadow about two miles from
Briſtol : where the Country-people do gather the buds or
young ſhoots, nd ſell them im the markets at Briſtol, much
cheaper than our Garden-kind s fold in London. Park.
P- 455. Thw ſhould ſeem rathgr to be the common or ma-
nured Aſparagus growing wild, than the maritime ; which
differs from it, though growing in the ſame place, in ha-
wing thicker leaves and a better taſte. Magnol.
Buxus arboreſcens Park. Buxus Ger. f. B. The Box-
tree. At Boxwell in Coteſwold. As I find in ſome notes
communicated to me by my honoured jriend Mr. Fobn Au-
brey.
Candida pumila Bellidis folio Alpina Ger. emac.
Plantula Cardamines alterius xmula Park. Naſturtium
Alpinum Bellidis folio minus C. B. Sinapi pumilum
Bellidis folio Cluſio F. B. Daiſie-leav'd Ladies-ſmock.
Fonnd by Mr. Newton on St. Vincent's-rock near Briſtol.
Cetrcrach, five Aſplenium & Scolopendria. Spleen-
wort or Miltwaſt. About St. Vincent's-rock among the
heaps of tones pient ifully :and on many walls about Briſtol.
|
— - - - — OO —— — —— —— — _—— __—
Hyacinthus Autumnalis minor. Small Autumna!
Hyacinth. On the ſame St. Vincent's-rock, See the Syn;-
nymes in Cat. Cormy.
Malva arborea marina noſtras, Park. Engliſh Sea-
tree-mallow. On an Iſland call'd Dinney, three miles from
Kings -road, and five miles from Briſtol. Park. p. 305.
Peucedanum minus Park. C. B. Phyrop. pumilum
Ger. Peucedani fa:ie puſilla planta Lob. Selinum mon-
tanum pumilum Cluſii, foliis Foeniculi aut Peucedani,
flore albo , ſemine Selini F. B. Rock-Parſley. On
St. Vincent"s-rock, near Briſtol.
Rubia Sylveſtris Park. See the other Synonymes in
Devon. Cat. H/ild-madder. On St. Vincent's-rock.
Thu hath been miitaken for the common manured
Madder , from which it u ſpecifically diſt inet.
Sedum minus c rupe S. Vincentii. Small Sengrene
of St. Vincent's-rock. The title diretls to the place.
To theſe I ſhall add,
Anemone tuberoſa radice Phyt. Brit. Knobby rooted
Anemony or Wind-flower , ſaid to grow on Coteſwold-hill;
near Black- Burton, and to be a great ornament to tho{c
barren hills ; by Mr. Heaton. My learned and inquiſitive
friend Mr. Edward Lloyd ſought # there in vain.
Hippoſelinum Ger, emac. Hippoſelinum feu Smyr-
nium vulgare, Park. Macerone, quibuſdam Smyr-
nium , ſemine magno nigro F. B. Hippoſelinum
Theophraſti, vel Smyrnium Dioſcoridis C. B. Alexan-
ders. On the rocks at Bechley going down to Aſt-ferry.
Naſturtium montanum>annuum tenuiflime divi.
lum. Finely-cut annual Mountain-Creſſe. Brought to
Mr. Bobert from St. Vincent"s-rock, near Goram's-Chair in
the pariſh of Henbury , three miles from Briſtol. It is
ſomething agreeable to the Naſturtium Alpinum tenuiſſime
druiſum ſeptimum C.B.
Allium Holmenſe ſphzriceo capite, Scorodopraſ.
ſum primum Cluſii Ger. emac. Allium ſphzriceo ca-
pite, folio latiore, five Scorodopraſſum alterum C. B.
Great round-beaded Garlick of the Holms-Iland. Fond
plentifully growing in the ſaid Iſland in the Severn-Sea by
Mr. Newton.
Sedum minus fruticolum C. B. Vermicularis frutex
minor Ger. fruticoſa altera Park. An Culi ſpecies,
ſeu Vermicularis marina arboreſcens F. B. —_—
crop or Glaſiwort : found by Lobel growing plentifully in
ts ets ems
the Holms-Iſlands.
O AFORDSHIRE.
—4 11 E County of Oxford, calld by the
Saxons Oxenrop>ychyne, commonly
Oxfordſbre, which I before obferv'd
did belong to the Dobuni ; on the
weit, borders upon Gloceſterſhire ;
on the ſouth, where it is broadeſt, the
|
river 7/7 divides it from- Barkjhire 3 on the eaſt it is
bounded by Bucks; and upon the north, where it
ends as ic were in a cone, on the one ſide it has Nor-
tbamptonihire, on the other Warwickſhire. It 15 a rich
and tertile Country, the lower parts are cultivated
into pleaſant tie!lds and meadows ; the hills are co-
ver'd with great ftore of weods. Nor is it only fruit-
tul in graſs and coin, but abounds with all forts of.
game both for hunting and hawking, and rivers well |
ttlockr with fiſh. The © Is (afterwards call'd Tami/is) |
in a long courſe waſheth the ſouth-ſide of this Coun- |
ty. Cherwel! a {mall river,famous for plenty of fiſh,after
ic has divided this ſhire for ſome ſpace trom that of |
Nobampten, fiows gently through the middle of the
County.and divides it as it were into two Parts. The |
river 7amewaters and makes truitfu] the eaſtern parts,
till at laſt both of theſe rivers, with ſeveral other little
{ireams, are 1eceiv*d into the Js | a. ]
'the 1fs, when it has juſt rouch'd upon 7%ltſhive ,
is upon its rſt entrance on this County reſtrain'd by
'
:
|
Rodcot-bridge; whence it paſſes by Bablac, famous for
Robert de Vere the great Earl of Oxford , Marquels of 8ul.
Dublin, and Duke of feland; who being highly in
favour and authority with King Richard the ſecond,
and for that reaſon no leſs envied and hated by his
Fellow-Barons, has taught us this leſſon, That no
power has force enough to ſecure thoſe that enjoy it.
For being here defeated in a skirmiſh with the No-
bles, he was conſtrain'd to take the river, and ſwim
over for his life, which was the fad cataſtrophe of all
his greatneſs and glory : for he preſently fled the
realm,and *died in ignominious baniſhmene. In the
Poem of the marriage of Tame and Js we have theſe
verſes of him : '
— Hic Verus notiſſimms apro,
Dum dare terga negat VIYtHs , & tendere contra
Non jmit imuifte reftrix prudentia memes ;
Undique dum reſonat repetit s i&tibus umbo,
T innituque ſtrepit circum ſua tempora caſſis,
Se dedit in fluvium, fluvins latatus &- illo
Hoſpite, ſuſcepit ſaluum, ſalvimque remiſit.
Here Oxford's Hero famous for his Boar,
Keen 6 ig prompts behind, and prudence calls
ore ;
While clathing ſwords upon his target ſound,
And ſhowers of arrows from his breaſt rebound,
a On
—
« It is not call d 7/77, nor Tamifis by the cerjuricn of Tame ard 1s, 2s the vr gar cpinicn is. See it cer;furcd in the Additions to Wilſhire, p.59-
; He was thruck by a wild boar in benting, aud yd <t tis Wound ot Lowaini, A
the care and experce ©: the King wes fournrly mica at Core m Elick,
is 1392, Fielcdy Was bicvgtt over into Ergland, An.1395. and bY
Prepar'd
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OXFORDSHIRE 254
Prepar'd for worſt of fates, undaunted ſtood,
And urg'd his beaſt into the rapid floud :
The waves in triumph bore him, and were proud
To ſink beneath their honourable load.
Afeer this the Js now and then overflowing the
lower grounds, receives its firſt addition from Wind-
ruſh, a {mall brook, which flowing out ot the Correſ-
wold {alutes Burford ſtanding on the banks of it, in
Saxon © Beoppop», where Catbred King of the Welt.
Saxons then tributary to the Mercians, not being a-
ble to endure any longer the cruelty and baſe exacti-
ons of King Xthelbald, met him in the open tie!d
with an Army, and beat him ; taking his ſtandard,
in which we read was the pourtraicture of a golden
- Dragon | b ]. From hence it runs to Minſter-Lovel,
heretofore the ſeat of the Lords Lowel of Tichemerſh,
who being deſcended from oneLupel a noble Norman,
did long bear a conſiderable figure in thele parts, and
receiv'd a great additionto their Fortunes by matches
with the heirs female of Tichemerſh, of the Lords
Holland, of D'eyncourt, and the Viſcounts Beaumont.
But this family was extin& in Frencis Viſcount Love/
. , Lord Chamberlain to King Richard 3. who was ba-
"* niſht by Henry 7. and atlaſt ſlain in the battle of
ney »
v.40!
* does plainly intimate * [d]. As to Hochnorton, the
Stoke, taking part with Lambert the impoltor Prince.
His ſiſter Fridi/ſwide was grandmother to Henry , the
tirſt Lord Norris. Pafling hence,the Windruſh viſits
1//bitney an old town,which before theconqueſt belong'd
to the Biſhop of Wincheſter ©. Near adjoyning is Coges
the head of the barony of Arſic, the Lords of which,
deſcended from the Earls of Oxford, have been long
extin&, Hard by,Wichwood-Foreſt is of a large extent,
though the bounds of ic were once much wider ;
-
| 1 ſhould _ this monument je
in memory of ſome victory here obtain'd , a
by Rollo the Dane, who S— poſleſt himſelf
oft Normandy. For at the ſame time when he with
his Danes and Normans infeſted England with depre-
dations, we read that the Danes and Saxons had a
hght at Hokenorton, and another engagement at Scier-
ſtane in Huiccia, * which I ſhould take for that great
boundary ſtone that ſtands hard by, and divides four
Counties or Shires : for ſo the Saxon word Scierftane
inhabitants were formerly uch clowns and churls, that
't paſt into a proverb, for a rude and ill-bred fellow,
To be born at Hogs-Norton. But this place is chiefly
memorable for . fatal laughter of che Engliſh in a
tight with the Danes under Edmund the elder [ e ]
_— > ———- —_— —_— - -— — _ — —
| For King Richard 3.disforeſted a great part of Wichwood
between Woodſtock and Brighſtow , which King Edw. 4.
bad taken into the limits , that Foreſt , as we are in-
form'd by John Rous of Warwick. The river Iſis
when it has receiv'd the - Windruſh , paſſes unto Ein
ſham, in Saxon * EiznerÞam, formerly a Royal Ville, Einſham,
ſeated very commodiouſly among: moſt delightful
meadows. This place Curdwnd the Saxon". firlt took
trom the conquer'd Britains ; e/£rbelmar a noble
man adorn'd it with a Monaſtery , which Ethelred
King of England in the year 1005. contirm'd *, and
ſign'd the privilege of liberty (to keep:to the words 'of
che Charter) with rhe ſign of the holy Croſs. But this
Houſe of Religion is at preſent turn'd into a private
Seat, and belongs to the Earl of Derby. Below Ein-
ſham, the Evenlode a {mall rivulet, runs into the 'Ifis,
which flowing from the Cotteſwold, in the utmoſt
borders of this County [c}, leaves nigh its own banks
a great monument of Anciquity, a number of vaſtly
great ſtones placed in a circular figure, which the
Country- people call Rolle-rich ftones, and have a fond Rolle-rich
tradicion, that they were once men thus turn'd into ©
ſ[tones. The figure of them, however rudely drawn,
[ ſhall here repreſent to the Readers eye. They are
irregular and of unequal height, and by the decays
of time are grown ragged and very much impair'd.
The higheſt of them all, which 1yes our of che ring
toward the eaſt , they call The King ; becauſe they
fancy he ſhould have been King ot England, it he
could have ſeen Long-Compton, a yillage within view
at three or four ſteps farther : og ſ{tones,which
upon one ſide of the circle touch one another, they
pretend were Knights or Horſmen , and the other
vr
common Soldiers. But ſce the draught,
OO EI art nm EY near EIT Ar TEE _—
rable and ancient family of Normandy. The firſt of
that name who came into England, was Robert 4: Doily.
Oily, who for his great ſervice in that expedition, was
rewarded by Wilkam the Conquerour with this vil-
lage and many other lands, fome of which he gave
to his ſworn brother * Roger Ioery 3 and this part was
afterwards the Barony of St. Walery. But this Robert Barony of
deceaſing without iſſue male, his brother Nigel ſac. ** Wy
ceeded in his eſtate, whoſe ſon Robert the ſecond,
was Founder of the Monaſtery of Ofney. Ae laſt an ——— :
heir female of this family of D'ajly was married to Abbey.
Henry Earl of Warwick, by whom ſhe had Thomas
Earl of Warwick,who died without iſſue in the reign
of Henry 3. and Margaret who died likewiſe withour
iſſue,though ſhe had two husbands, Fob» Mareſchaland
Fobn de Pleſſets, both Earls of Warwick. Upon this
It was afterward a Barony of the D'oily , an honou-
CO es
(as the Gharter ®f Donation runs) King Henry 3.
—_—__—
. © Boorg-ford, « Given by Alwin Biſhop of Wincheſter, among the other Manours beſtow'd upon that Church, on the account of Emma's be.
ing clcar'd of the charge of Adulrery with him, by Fire O:dealte. See Dorſetſbire, p. 4 Ic was An. 1171. given by Henry Biſhop of that $:e to
h's new-tounded Hoipital of S. Croſs, as appears by the original Leiger-Bok of that H
e, in the hands of Henry Wor/try Eſquire. * Egones- ham.
{Among other garriſoos in thoſe parts. See the S1xon Chronicle, under the year 571. t 'Tis at Sherſfn in Wilts ; ſce the Additions to that
County, p. 101. 5 Not John de Eiverio, as Leland, and after him D names him * Mr. Camden's writing is coafirm'd by the MS. Regiſter
%
of Oſency, and the Domeſday-Inquition.
yp To r ne BenediFine Monks, * Certainly in an Exchequer-hook the town adjacent is calld Rollendrich, whereas it is there Pecified, Torſtan le
*Penier held land by Serjeantry of the King's diſpenſary, i. e. to be the King's Steward.
granted
”* 00S - Sue rai >< Her PO PEne EO RA" EAI Or re oe
= —_ —_ "_ _ I
Ke OS Wow ah
hoes. any,
EE IEEE AO INY a
—— ——— — ——————— ————————
- c_ '- =_ 4 * » - wv - __— —
«009 wh eugegae of 44% 95
a Mee ILL
” "=" -_ GET" Fs Aa
SO 1 TNA AE GR, oe EAR I 42 WE III AGES Do > ELIE A a3 PS 9 SLA et EB 11.1
"_ A _ ” s p vg ne <8
DOB UNI
granted Hochnorton and Cudlingten 1a John de Pleſſets or latter times, Richard Nevil Farl of Warwick
17 Hem. 3. Pleſſy , which were the inheritance of Henry D'oily, and | ing, for the Lancaitrian Incerctt, gave fuch an abf\.
fohe.
fell into the King's hands upon the death of Margaret Coun- | lute defeat to the Y ork party, that he foon after tack
zeſs of Warwick, wife of the foreſa:1d Fobn, as an eſcheat | the diſtrefled King Edwatd 4. and carry'd him of:
of the Lands of the Normans , to have and bold till ſuch
tine as the Lands of England and Normandy ſhould be
mace common.
But of this ancient and honourable
Family of D'o:ly, there remains {till a branch in this
Coumy, who have yet the honourot being Knights.
Evenlode runs by no other place remarkable 3; but
after a long courſe takes in a ſmall brook,upon which
Wooditock js ſeated Woodſtock, in Saxon WudepToc, 1.e. a woody
place, where King Ethcldred heretolore held an af
tembly of the States, and enacted ſeveral Laws.
Here was a magnificent palace built by K. Hen. 1. | t |.
who adjoyn'd to it a large Park. enclos'd with a
wall of ſtone. Which John Rous athims to have
Firſt Puk been che firſt Park. in England, though we meet
in England. wich theſe words,. Parce [yl veſtriu beſtiarum, ſeveral
* Alam w-_
nus ſeus.
}-ftrey *
- world'beſides ; fo great delighe did onr Anceftors
times in Doomſday-book. But afterwards they en-
creasd:tofo great a number, chat there were com-
puted more in; England chan im all the Chriſtian
take in this noble fport of hunting, Our Hiſtories
report that King Heary 2. being deeply enamour'd
with Roſamund Clifford, whofe extraordinary beauty | meaduws among which ſtands 7 J/p, tormerty |
and other great accompliſhments, drove the thoughts Gh:/t/ipe, the birth-place of King Edward ( whom,
priſoner [1 |. The town, which at preſent is mo!t
tamous for making [ k | good Cheete, has a Caſil;
buiit by Alexander Biſhop of Lincoln, ( for this ma.
,nour belong'd to that See ) who in his way of livin
conlalted more his ſtate and grandeur than his eaſ::
and fatety, and broughe very many miſchief on
himſelf by his vain and expentive buildines. Give
me leave to acd one remark, that the coins of Ro-
man Emperours found here, and in the fields adj-yn.
ing, are a fair argument tor the antiquity of tl:is
place 5.
I maſt not here paſs by Breughren the feat of Pich.
Fienes or Femss, to whom, and to the heirs of his ho.
dy, our potent Monarch K. James, in the firſt year
of his reign, granted and confirm'd the name, Pile
title, degree, dignity, and honour of Baron of $1
©
and Sele ; he being defcenced in a 1ighe line from
'\
|
England in the reign of Hen. 6.5 The Cherwe!l,
for many miles after it. has leſe Banbury, f:cs no.
thing but wel! culcivated fields, and moſt dcti-!1rfy
of allother women irom his heart, and made her , for his piety and chaftiry, our Ance{tors honour'd
commonty call'd Roſa mandi, the Roſe of the world ; | wich the ticle of Confeſſor,) as he himſelf witneſles in
to ſecure her from_the reſtleſs jealoufie of his F«nm his original charter, whereby he gives this his ma-
Labyrinch, Queen, built in this place a labyrinth , where the | nour eo the Church of Weſtminſter f | |: and at a
many windings and turnings made an inextricable | fmall diftance- is Hedindon, which K. Joly gave for 11
mazz : yet at preſent we ſee no remains of ir. Phe | a Barony to Thomas Baſlet { m ].
town having now nothing eife to be proud -of; does | |
boaſt of the honour of being the * birth-place of | ſmall brook which runs by * Burcefter, in Saxon Bu: 6:4
our Engliſh Homer; Teffrey Chaucer : To whom,
Chauccr. and {ome other of our Englijh Poets, I may apply
- = Each water Poet ows his riv :
; "Uk Oe " :
For he.defying pvery rival in wit, anidleaving all our
%
* Ridet anbelantim dura ad
whatthe learn'd Itaiianſung of Homer and otherGreeks.
—— Hic ille eff, cujus de gurgite ſacro
Combibit arcanos vatum omnu turba furores.
This hez to whoſeimmortal ring of wit
:
. - ;
Poeraſters at a Jong diſtance fon him,
1am Wante potitus,
Hg: am.
wn in triumph on th
{hi *s £0 ſe unequal R
| Ba\ : at _ ; oe -
_Hagfraken in the Evenlode, di-
qd cuts out many pretty
pY
od/t
a rich widow,
6" | and-apaty. cnday'd by King Joby, to
- theament chole ha IM Sythe ( according to
thetevorion of that Sray forthe Souls of Kin
Hay 2. his
who was here buried withthis rhyming Epitph ;
Father and Reſamund his Concubine ,
Hac jacet in temba Roſa mundi, now Roſa munda,
Now redeler, fed olet, qua redolere ſolet | pg | +.
Roſe of the world, nor Roſe the freth pure flow'r,
Within this Tomb-harh caken up her bow'r:
She fenteth now and nothing ſweet doth ſmell,
Which earſt was wor to ſavour pafting well.
The This, before it's ſtreams are again united, meets
with Cherwell, which coming out of Northampton-
ſhire; fows almoſt.thro” the middle of this County.
Banbory. Tr firſt ;watereth Banbury, formerly Banerbymg ,
where Kynric the Welt-vaxon overcame the poor
Britains ( when they fought for their Liberties
and Country) in a taemorable battel{h |. And in
er d height,
(gear | =
4 Pow, e. The place of
penceaxcep and Bepnaceaxcep, a town of ancient
name, but where 1 have obſerv'd nothing of anti-
quity ; only that Gilbert Baſſet, and Fpelme de Courtney
his wife, in the reign of Hen. 2. built here a Monaltery
in honour of * St. Edburg ; and that the Barons 1:
Strange of Knocking were lately Lords of this place [n .
an old Qclerted Station, which they call 4Uche/er,
|
|
thro* which a military way led from Wallingford, as
the neighbours believe, to Banbury. They cal! this
—
"SY
'Fames Fienes Lord Say and Sele, High Treaſurer of
Ar Iſlip the Cherwel is joyn'd from the eaſt by a :
Toward the weſt we meet with tome few remains of
perhaps inſtead of A/dcheſter, or the old Caftrum | 0], Aki
Akeman-itrect-way, a ridge whereof does ſtill appear By's
for ſome miles cogether ori the deep plains of O:z:ore, *
often ovetflow'd in winter | p }.
But where the Cherwel flows along with the Its,
and their divided ſtreams make ſeveral little ſweet and
pleaſant iſlands, is ſeated on a riſing vale the molt
famous Univerſity of Oxford,-in Saxon Oxenxop>, 0
our moſt noble Athens, the feat of the Englith Mules,
the prop and pillar, nay the ſun, the eye, the very
ſoul of the nation: the-moſt-celebrared fountain of
wiſdom? and learning, from whence Religion, Let-
ters, and good Manners, are happily diltus'd thro
the whole Kingdom. A delicate and moſt b2autiful
city, whether we refpe&t the neatnefs of private
buildings, or the ſtatelinels of publick (truures, or
the healthy and pleatant ſituation. For the plain on
which i ftands is walled in, as it were, with hill; of
wood, which keeping out on one lide the peſtilen-
tial fouth-wind, on the other, the tempeſtuous welt,
admit only th: purifying eaſt, and the north char
difperſes all unwholfome vapours. From which de-
lightful ſituation, Authors tell us it was heretofore
call'd Bellefitum. Some writers fancy this city, in the
Britiſh times, had the name of Caer Yortrgern and
Caer-Vember, and was built by God knows what Yor-
tigerne Or Memprics. Whatever it was under the Bri-
tains, It 15 certain the Saxons call'd ir Oxenpops, in
ins of Alchefter, by the advice and atlittance of Birinvs Biſhop of Dorcheſter.
+ Pobaps; 2s much as ta ſay{ Erin caſtirum, @nplying it_to be a frontier-garrifon of the Welt-Saxons 2gainft the Mercians, rats'd one of the -+-
& Ir was dedicated t'» S. Mary and S. Ezburg ; the memory of the
latrer is ſtill preferved ina Fei cail'd S. taburg's Welt, as allo in a green foot-path leading tv ir, call'd Tadbury walk, corruptly for the £4: j-
Way-Walk,
3 Bur [a Bruer, now Bruern, ſometime an Avb:y of Hite Monks.
+ We read, that Hugh Bjbop of Line. Dioceſan of this place coming 157
canſ:d [wr bones ta be remov'd out of the Church 2s unwor:hy of Chriſtian burial for her un«haſte life. Nevertheleſs, th- baly fifters thre tran3''6
them again into the Church, ani laid them up in a perfum'd leather bag enclor d ia load, as vas furnd in ber romp at !/2e di ffolution of the 1%
and they ered a Croſs thre, whir ty the
them not.
PFafcngers were put in mind with two rhiming wverles to ſerve God, and pray for br : bet | rome.”
5 Near ro Banbury is Panwell, where the jomily of Cope hath flouriſn'd many years in great and good e/[ +17;
beheaded hy a raybic of Rebel: in t/1e t1:44e of Ke Hen. 6.
6 I {2 was NY
7 Heyturd-warine, ſo 46709 narea rem Hwine Fitz, Gero'1 [ord thereof, Heytord Pur-
cM Tik:w:fc, ſo named of the Parcels or as Porcollis, ancient Gentlemen, the old owners, Blectuagdon, an ancient pofſegien of te family of P5iic
"mY
che
$$»
%
4
2. a wife, and purſuing her in her tlight, was miracu-
i; blown over, the pious
= OXFORDSHIRE
558
— —
_—_—_—
che ſame meaning, no doubt, as the Gtecians had
their Boſphorzs, and the Germans their Ochenfurt upon
the river Oder ; that is, @ ford of Oxen. In which
(-nſe it is {till calld by the Welſh Rbid-Ncben, Yet
\ir. Leland, with ſome ſhew of probability, derives
the name from the river Ow, in Latin [{s, and be-
reyes it to have been heretofore call'd Owsford, eſpe-
cially ſince the little iſlands which the river here
makes, are call'd Ouſney.
Wiſe Antiquity ( as we read in our Chronicles )
even in the Britiſh age, conſecrated this place to the
Muſes, whom they tranſplanted hither, as to a more |
ectile nurſery, from ' Greek-lade, now a ſmall town
in Wiltſhire. Alexander Necham writes thus, Iraly |
es challenge the glory of Civil Law 3 Divinity and the
Liberal Arts make Paris preferable to all other cities ; |
i Wiſdom too and Learning have long flouriſh'd at Oxford ;
"3 and according to the prophecy of Merlin, ow is due time
paſs over thence to Ireland. But in the following Saxon
ae, remarkable for the continual ruin and ſubver-
ton of towns and cities, this place underwent the
common fate; and during many years, was famous
for nothing but the reliques of St. Frideſwide, a Vir-:
gin of great eſteem for the ſanRiry of her lite, and
hrſt reputed a Saint on this occaſion; that when by |
a ſolenſh vow ſhe had devoted her ſelf to the ſervice
of God and a ſingle life, Earl Algar courted her for
louſly ( as the ſtory goes ) ſtruck blind. Thu Lady
( a5 we read in William of Malmesbury ) built bere a
Religions houſe as a trophy of ber preſeryd virginity, mo
| and
which Monaſtery, when in the time of Etbelred ſeveral
Danes ſentenc'd to death were fled for refuge, the enraged
Saxons burnt them and the houſe together. But after-
wards the penitent King cleans d the Santtuary, rebuilt the
Monaſtery, reſtor d the old endowment, added new
poſſeſſions : and at laſt Roger Biſhop of Salwbury gave the |
place to " @ wery learned Canon Regular, who there ſetled |
a perpetual ſociety of ſuch Regular Canons for the ſervice of |
God. But leaving theſe matters, let us return to the |
Univerſiry. The Daniſh ſtorms being pretty well |
Prince K. Xlfred reſtor'd the |
Muſes (who had fſuffer'd a long exile) to their for-
mer habication, and built three Colleges, one for
Grammarians, another for Philoſophers, and a third |
for Divinity {q]. But you have a larger account of
this in the old Annals of the Monaſtery 'of Winche-
ler : In the year of our Lord's incarnation T1306, in the ſe-
cond year of St. Grimbald's _— over imto England, the
Univerſity of Oxford was founded 3 the fir it Regents there
and Readers in Divinity, were St. Neot-an Abbot and
eminent Profeſſor of Theology, and $. Grimbald an eloquent
and moſt excellent Interpreter of the boly Scriptures : Gram-
mar and Rbetorick were taught by Aſſerius @ Monk, a man |
of extraordinary learning : Logick, Muſick, and Arirbme-
rick, were read by Tobn, Monk of St. Davids: Ge
and Aſtronomy were profeſs 'd by Tobn @ Monk and Collegue |
of S. Grimbald, one of a ſhary wit and immenſe knowledge.
Theſe Leures were often bonour d with the preſence of the
moſt illuſtrious and invincible Monarch K. «/£lfred, whoſe |
memory to every judicious taſte ſhall be always ſweeter |
than boney. Soon after this, as WE read in a very fair |
M5. copy of that Afſerius, who was himſelf at the
ſame time a Profeſſor in this place, there-aroſe a ſharp
and grievous diſſention berween Grymbold and thoſe learn-
ed men whom be brought bither with him, and the old
{cholars whom be found bere at bus coming; for theſe abſo-
lutely refus 4 to comply with the Starates, Inſtstutions, and
Ferms of reading preſcris'd by |Grimbold.'' The difference
proceeded to no great beight for the ſpace of three years, yet
' call
there was always a private gruage an enmity between
them, which ſoon after broke out with the utmoit wolence |
;maginable. To appeaſe theſe tumults,
SY
Ee co
% written in moſt of our Hiſtorians, to favour 2 groundleſs
the latter at Latinlade, rightly call'd Leccelade. See Somner's Goſlar,
Canons Regular, and beca firſt Prior of them.
King's Commiſhon to kill a
{fronting him,
within the walls and without, 42
confures thoſe who would make us believe it is not genume.
' It was not bnile for a Pariſh-Chorch ; for the oſeney-Regitter —
ot the Ocder of $. Auguſtine. Roger ae Iveri is there meation'd as 2
the mot twvincible |
notion of a Greek and Latin School ;
to the Decem Script. under Gregladas. == One
* Probably out of revenge for the injuries they had
K. eAlfred being inform'd of the fattion by a meſſage ard
complaint from Grymbold, came to Oxford with deſign to
accommodate the matter, and ſubmitted to a great deal of
pains and patience to hear the cauſe and'\complaint of both
parties. The controverſie depended upon-this ; the old Scho-
lars maintain'd, that before the coming of Grymbold to
Oxford, learning did 'bere Partry tho' the Students were
then leſs in number than they had formerly been, by reaſon
that ery many of them had been expelPd by the cruel ty-
ramny of Pagans. They farther declor'd and prov'd, and
that by the undoubrted teſtimony of their ancient Arnal:,
that good orders and conſtitutions for tie government of
that place had been already made by men of great piety and
learning , ſuch as Gildas, Melkin, Nimmus, Rentigern,
and others, who had there proſecuted their ſtudies to a good
old age, all things being then manag'd in happy peace and
quiet : and that St. German coming to Oxford, and reft-
ding there half a year, what time be went thro all England
to preach down the Pelagian Hereſie, did well approve of
their rules and orders. The King with incredible bamility
at attention beard out both parties, exhorting them
with pious and importunate entreaties to preſerve love and
amity with one another. Upon this be left them, in bopes
that both parties would follow bis advice, and obey his in-
feruftiom. But Grymbold reſenting theſe proceedmgys, ve-
tir'd immediately to the Monaſtery at Wmcheſter, which
K. ElIfred bad lately founded : and ſcon after, he got his
tomb to be remov'd thither to him, iy which he bad deſign
his bones F wg be put after bis deceaſe, and laid mm a
vault under the chancel of the church of St. Peters im Ox-
ford ; which church the ſaid Grymbold had raiſed from the
| ground, of ſtones hewn and carv/d with great art and beauty.
This happy. reſtauration of Learning receiv'd two
or three interruptions in few years. For in the reign -
of K. Etheldred, * the Danes fack'd and burn'd the
city. "And ſoon after, Harold firnant'd * Haretoor, * Levips.
was ſs. incens'd againſt the place for the death of
ſome of his friends in a tumult, and proſecuted his
revenge in ſo barbarons a manner, that the ſcholars
were miſerably baniſh'd from their ſtudies, and the
Univerſity, a fad ſpe&tacle, lay as it were expiring
ill the time of the Conquerour ; when too (as lome
fay)) he beſiegd and rook this city : ' burthoſe who
write ſo, have beet: impos'd npon by reading 4n
faulty copies Oxonia inſtead of Exonia. Yer that it
was even then a place of ſtudy, we'may learn from
the expreſs words of Ingulph who flouriſh'd in-that
age: ' ] Ingulph being firtt placed at Weſtminſter, was
afterward remov/d to the Study of Oxford, where im the
learning of Ariſtotle TI improv'd beyond mo#t of thoſe who
were of equal years with me, &'e. For what we now
niverſities they calld Studies, as I ſhall by and
by obſerve. However, about this time the city was {o
impoveriſh'd, that whereas (according to the general
ſurvey) there were reckon'd within and without the
walls 750 houſes, beſides 24 manſions upon the walls,
foo of 'em were not able to pay the geld or tax. When
(ro-ſpeak from the authority of Domeiday- book) this
city paid for toll and gable and other cuſtoms, yearly to the
King, twenty pounds and ſix
Earl Alvar ten pounds. Soon after, Robert de Oili, a
noble Norman before-mention'd, when for the re-
ward of his ſervices he had received from the Con-
querour a large-portion of lands in this county, he
' buile a caſtle on the weſt-ſide of the City, fortified
with large trenches and rampires, and in it " a Pariſh-
Church dedicated to St. George ;
ciſhioners not having free acces, when the Emprets
Maud was cloſely beſieg'd in this caſtle by King Ste-
phen; the Chapel of St, Thomas” hard by was buile
tor that purpoſe. - He is ſuppoſed likewiſe to have
beautified the city with new walls, which are now
by age ſenſibly impair'd. Robert tus Nephew, ſon
I —_—
he firſt ar his place truly written Creccagelade,
Grad! 5 Mimund, who inttitured
done 'em An. 1002. when upon the
icolarly ſevere.
Founder.
R
ſextaries of honey, and to
of
to which the Pa- 1074.
TT
7 "DOBUNI.
af his brother Nigel, Chamberlain to King Hen. t. | Barens, and at that time contirm'd the privileges
' by perſuaſign of his wife Edich, daughter of Fwn, | granted to the Univerſity by his Predeceilors, and
who had been the laſt Concubine of that Prince, in | added ſome new a&s of. grace and favour. Afffer
the iſland meadows nigh the caſtle, built Oſeny Abby, | which the number of learned men fo far encreasd,
- which the ruins of che walls ſtill ſhew to have been | as to afford a conſtant fupply of perſons qualitied by
very large. | divine and humane knowledge for the dilcharge of ot-
Art the ſame time ( as we read in the Regiſter of | figes in Church and State. So that Martbew Paris ex-
the ſaid Abbey of Oſenex ) Robert Pulcin began t6 114d prelly calls Oxford, The ſecond School of the Church after
the holy ſcriptures «4 Oxford, which were before grown | Paris, nay the wery foundation of the Church| r.] For
almott out of uſe in Evgland: which uw , after | the Popes of Rome had before honour'd this place
be bad mych profieed the Engliſh and French Churches by | with the title of an Univerſity, which at thar time in
his good deerine, was irvited to Rome by Pope Lucie 2. | their decretals they allow'd only ta Poris, Oxford, Bo-
pee promoted to the dignity of Chancellour of that See. To | nenia> and Salamanca. And inthe Council of Vienxs
the ſame purpole Fobs Row of Warwick writes thus. | it was determin'd, That Schools for the Hebrew, Ar-
By the care of Keng Henry the firſt, the Lefbuve of Dive | bic, and Chaldaic tongues ſhould be eretied im the Studies
nity, which bad bee long intermitted , began again to. of Paris, Oxford, Ronania, and Salamanca (as the molt
fowriſh, and thu Prince built there & new Palace, which | eminent) that rhe knowledge of thoſe Language: might
was afterward copverted by King Edward 2. into a Com | be hereby propagated and encourag'd: aud that out of men
went for Carmelite Friers. But * long before this con- | of the Catholick Commumwon, furnſlt with ſufficient abili-
verſion, was born in that Palace the truly Lion-heart- | t5es, rao ſhould be choſen for the profeſſion of each Tongue.
ed Prince, King Richard 1. commonly call'd Ceur de | For the maintenonce of which Profeſſor: in Oxford, all the
Liow, a Monarch of a great and elevated Soul, born | Prelates in England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, and all
OI OY OE I I" ah. FI
2$6e
= 3
Manaf
for the glory of England and prateRion of the Chri-
ſtian world, and for the terror and confuſion of Pa-
gans and Infdels. Upon whoſe death a Poet of that
age has theſe tolerable verſes :
eries, Chapters, Copuvents, Colleges exempt and not
exempt, and all Reftars of Pariſh-Churches ſhould make a
yearly contribution, In which words ons may eaſily
obſerve, that Oxford was the chief School in England,
Scotland, Wales and Ireland ; and that thole places
which we now call Academics and Univerfitics,were Unieg
in former ages ficly call'd Studies : as St. Hierom ſpeaks Þ**
of the fleow:hing Studies of Frence. For the name of ;,, ,
Univerſ#y tor publick Schools of Learning, obtain'd Rt
Viſcera Carlealum, corpus Fons ſervat Ebrard,
Et cor Rothomagum , magne Richar de, tuum.
In tria dividitur unus, qui plus fust uno,
Nec ſupereſt uno gloria tants wiro.
Hic Richarde jaces, (ed mors ft cederet arm,
Vitta timore tai, cederet ipſa tus.
= CODE xr
On O— wo ——
Great Richard's body's. at Fontevrault ſhown,
His bowels at Carliſle, bis head at Roan,
He now makes three, becauſe too great for one.
Richard lyes dead; but death had fear'd his power,
Could this proud Tyrant own a Conquerour.
The City being thus adorn'd with beautiful build-
ings, many Students began to flock hicher as to the
common Mart of civility and good letters. So that
learning here quickly reviv'd,, chiefly through the
Care of the foreſaid Robert Pulein, a man born to. pro-
mote the intereſt of the learned world, who ſpar'd
no trouble and pains to cleanſe and open the foun-
tains of the Muſes (which had been fo miſerably dri-
ed and damm'd up) under the favour and protection
of King Henry 1. King Hewry 2. and Richard his ſon,
whom I mention'd juit before, And he met with
ſuch fortunate ſucceb in his endeavours, that in the
reign of King Fohn, there were three thouſand Sry.
dents in this place, who. went away altogethge,lome
to Reading, and fome to Canvriegs »,when they could
no longer bear the * abuſes of the rude and infolegc
Citizens: hut when thele tumults were appeas'd;they
{oon after rerurn'd. Then and in the ny, eimes,
as Divine Providence ſeem'd to fet apart this City for
a {eat of the Muſes, fo did the ſame Providence
lates, who exercis'd their piety and bounty ia this
place for the promoting and encouraging of Arts and
' miſtaken, this word did noe at hiſt fo much ſenihe
the place of ſhudy, as the Society of Seudents. Bur
perhaps-chis may ſeem out of my road.
Now the worthy Patrons and Favouress of Learn-
ing began to furniſh the City and Suburbs with
greateſt part of the Univerfity ſtood without North-
| gats.) Then in the reign of King Herry 3. Fobn Bali-
ol of Bernard-caftle, w
ther of Fobe. Baliol King |
College s } And foon after Halter Merton, Bilbop
of Rochefter,transferr'd theCollege which he had builc
in Sarrez,to Oxford in the year 1274. endow'd, it and
died in the year 1269. Fa-
call'd it Mev: et]. Then Wiliom Arch-
deaconof Derham repair'd and reſtor d the Foundati-
on of. King Aifed, which we now call Uneverſuy-
College | u þ About which time the Scholars ha-
ving been ſomewhat rude to Otts the Pope's Legate,
(or rather his Horſe-leach, ſent hither ro fuck the
blood of the poos people)they were excommunicated,
and treated with grear ſeverity. Ar which time, as
Richard of Axmagh tells us,there were reckon'd in this
Univerſity: no ek. than thiery. thouſand Students, Un-
der King Edward the ſecond, Walter Stapledon Bilbop
of Exeter built Exeter» C and Hur:-Hall' w | ;
and the King, after his example, a Royal College,
comwanly call'd Orial { x }, and St.
bout which time the Hebrew rongue began to be read
by a Jewith Convert, for wheſe ſtipend ev
fiaſtical revenue Aiter this Quoen Phipps wife of King
Edward 3. built Queens College | y ]: and Simon
Yap Arch-biſhop of Canterbury , Canterbury-College.
he Scholars now abounding in peace and plenty,
rew infolent upon their-good fortune, and divided
| _ the factions of the Northern and Southern men ,
carrying on the quarrel with open arms and all man-
ner of hoftikey ; upon which the Northern-men r<-
tir'd to. Stanford, and there fer up publick Schook.
—
and _—_— with her husband,told him a fiory of the chartering of bi-©s
* Richard Cewr de Lien. third
ſon of Henry aud Queen Eleanor his wife, was born on the Feaſt of the Alumption of the Mary, An. t#57. 4 Hen. 1. in the King's Palace ot
Brawnon, in a Chamber upon the whereof the 195 ne was them | «24) built. a Beifrey and Tower ;
of which they us'd ro boaſt, as rhe Nativity to this Martial » As alſo to Maidfime,Salisbury, and other places. =» Which hap
nen'd An. 1209. the 1oth of K a Clerk in Oxford: accidentally killing a woman ; and taint being made ro the King then at [/064-
/teck, he c rwo ot the as. (who upon ſuſpicion of that fadt had been impriſon'd- by the Towns-men) 10 be immgediately hang'd with-
out the Ciry walls. This ſo much the that they all deferred the Town. But the Lahabirames bein
of the deſolation and poverty they had broughe upon res, (cd
Legate, and ſubmitredro a oor Penance. Upon which the difj
{ome new Privileges for thei
vclt abour the reign of King Henry 3. and, uf I am nat —_
ſtately Colleges, Halls, and Schools, and ro endow Ci:
. | them with ample Revenues, (for betore this time the
of Soots, founded Baliol- Bokd
AMary-Hall. A- 1 1%
Clerk in Reef
Oxford contributed one perny for every mark of hu Eccle-
mote effetiual protections.
> 3 ind theje two wire the fir 8 endow Goliig et fer Students in Chriftind, um.
Put
—
OXFORDSHIRE.
_ , J Io
Buc after a few years, when the ſtorm-was blown
over, .and the feuds forgor; all recurn'd hirher
azain **, -and Statutes were enafted to prohibit all
perſans from profeſling at Srexford to the prejudice of
Oxford. Abour that time” Filliam Wickam, Biltop of
1/achefter, 'ouile a m
Coltege { 2 }, into whicty the” ripeſt Lads are ev
year tran from his other College 'at Winche-
oy 0; i7', Richard Anpervil, Biſhop of Durham,
caild Philobibles, or The'Lover of Books? , began a
publick Library. And his' Shcceſfor Thomas de Hat
field * built Durbans-College for the benefit ' of the
Monks of Durham : and Richard m7 , Biſhop of
Lincoln founded Lincoln-College. About the ſame rime
che Benedictine Monks *"* built GloceFfer-College at
cheir own-proper coft and charges [ bb], where were
conftantly maintain'd two' or three Monks of
Houſe of that Order , who afterwards ſhould pro-
fels good Lecrers in their 'refpe&tive Convents '3. To
ſpeak nothing of the Canons of St. Frideſwide, there
were erected no leſs than four beautiful Cells of Friers
in the Suburbs, where there often flouriſhe men of
conſiderable parrs and learning. In the'-next age ,
during the reign of King Henry 5. ' Henry Chichely
Arch-biſhop-of Canterbury, ewo eminene Col-
leges ; one of which he dedicated to the 'memory of
All-Souls [© | , and the orher to St. Bernard, Not
long aiter #illzam Wainfter, Biſhop of Wincheſter, baile
Mag dalen- e, remarkable for building, fine fru-
ation, and re of adjoyning groves and
walks [ d d ]. Ar che fame time the © D;vinity School
was erected, a work of fach admirable texture and
beauty, that the ſaying of Xexxs may juſtly be in-
{cribd upon it, It « more eafie to , than to imitate
ths work. And above this School was a Library fur-
niſhe with -one handred ewenty nine choice Yo-
lumes procur'd from Þly- at the great of
Humphrey the Good, Duke of Ghcefter, a chief Pacron
and admirer of Bat moft of theſe Books
are long ſince embezelPd* and converted: to private
uſes '4, But now ( may all happineb atrend the pge-
nerous deſign) the worry Sir Thomas Bodley Ke. for-
merly a Member of this Univerſity, with extraordi-
nary charge, and indefatigable pains, is furnifhing
a new Library in the fame place with the beſt Books
procur'd from all parts of the world : that the Uni-
verſity may enjoy a publick Arſenal of Wiſdom, and
he himſelf an everlaſting honour | ee]. And fince
it was a good cuſtom of the Ancients in all their
Libraries to eret Satues of Gold, Silver, or Bralfs,
both to thoſe who had inſtituted them, and
thoſe who had adorn'd them with excellent
. Writings, that time and Ape might not tri-
umph over BenefaQtors , and that the curioſity
of Mankind might be fatisfied, while os enquired
after men of worth and publick ſpirit : For this rea-
ſon the preſent Chancellor of the Univerſity, at the
lame time- providirtg for- the memorial of himfelt,
has in this Library ereed a Starue of Sir Thomas
Bodley that great friend and patron of Learning with
this Inſcription :
THOMAS SACKVILEUS DORSETTLE CO-
MES, SUMMUS ANGLLE THESAURARL
US, ET HUJUS ACADEMIE CANCEL-
LARIUS,
THOM XZ BODLEIO EQUITI AUR A-
TO, QUIT BIBLIOTHECA M HANC
INSTITUEFT, HONORIS CAUSS
POSUTIT.
agnificent Struture call'd New |
A PIE]
| Thar'is, |
THOMAS' SACKVIL' EARL OF DORSET"
LORD" HIGH TREASURER OF” ENGLAND,
AND'CHANCELLOR OFT HIS
7 UNE MRO EYE,
PIOUSLY ERECTED' THIS MONUMENT,
TO THE HONOUR OF SIR THOMAS
BODLEY KNIGHT; WHO INSTITUTED
THIS LIBRARY.
In the Reign of Henry the Seventh, for the better
advancement of Learning, William Smith Biſhop ot
Lincoln, built new out of the Ground RByazen- Noſe-
College | ff], which was * well endow'd by the pi-
ous and good old man Alexander Nowell Dean of
St. Pauls. About the fame time Richard Fox, Biſhop
of Winchefter, founded Corpw-Chriiti-Coltege [ gg
Afrertliefe, Cardinal Jolfey -biſhop of %@rk,on the
ite of the Monaſtery of St. Frideſwide , began the
moſt noble and ampſe Foundation of all others *7,
which King Henry 8, with addition of Canterbury-
College, did richly endow, and gave it the name of
Chrif#-Charch[h h] The ſame mighty Prince,atthe
expence of his own Exchequer,honored the City wich
an Epiſcopal See, and the Univerſiry with publick
Profeſſors. And in our own age, that the Muſes might
{till be courted with' greater favours, Sir Thomas
Pope Kt. and Sir Thomas White Kt. Citizen and Al-
derman of London,have repair'd Durham and Bernard
Colleges (which lay almoſt buried in cheir own duſt)
have enlarg'd their buildings , endow'd chem with
lands, and given them new names,dedicating the for-
mer to the Holy Trinity| 11 |, this latter to St. Fohn
Baptift | k k]. een Mary , built from the ground
the publick Schools. And el Hugh Price Dr. of
Laws, has happily laid a new ie ria 7 calld in
honour of our Saviour, Feſws-College | 11]. Theſe
Colleges in number ſixteen, beſide eight Halls [mm},
all fairly built, and well endow'd,together with their
excelent and ufeful Libraries, do fo raiſe the credit
and efteem of Oxford, that ic may be juſtly chought
to excecd all other Univerſities in the world ſn n].
Nor does it yield the precedence co any in Living Lt-
braries, (for fo with ins I may term the men of
profound learning,) nor in the admirable method of
reaching all Arts and Sciences, nor in excellent dif-
cipline, and moſt regular government of the whole
body. But why this digreſfion 2 Oxtord is very far
from ftanding in need of a Panegyric, having alrea-
dy gain'd che univerfal eſteem and admiration of the
world. Nor would I by any means ſeem extravagant
in the commendation of my mother Univerſity. Ler
ie ſuffice to ſay of Oxford, what Pomponixs ſaid of
Athens, It # ſo eminent that there needs no pointing at it.
But by way of concluſion take this paſſage, which
begins the hiſtory of Oxford, from the Proctor's book.
Chronicles and Hiſtories do aſſure us, that ſeveral places im
different parts of the world , have been famous for the
ſtudies of Arts and Sciewces. But of all ſuch places of ftu-
dy among the Latins, Oxford appears to be of the mot
ancient foundation, to profeſi a greater wariety of know-
ledge, to be more firm in adhering to the Catholick Religi-
on, and to enjoy more good cuftoms,and greater privileges.
The Aſtronomers obſerve this City to be in twenty
ewo degrees of longitude or diſtance from the fortu-
nace Iſlands; and in the northern latitude of fifty
one degrees and fifry minutes *. :
As ſoon as Ifis . and Cherwell have joyn'd their
» Ar his death An. 1345. he left his voluminous Library to Durham-Coll
d::olorron of which houlk, inn the reign of Henry 8. ſome of the Beoks
2:{/0/ College, and ſome came inco
College is much rather to be afcrib'd to Richard de Bury ;
Convent, it was furniſht and endo'wd by this great and | nocgtog
\cral contributions the Srructure was ſoon after begen ; but w
ther carried on ; but not compleated rill the year 1480.
Prelate.
more in the Year 1440. an in 1443. a much greater number 5; with confiderable additions at his death,
| Sehooks at rhe rime of Mr. Camden's writing, ow'd' ,
fabrick, in torm of a itately Qzadranglce, was rais'd by the contribution of Sir Thomas Boaley
ars, An. 1572. e
but the
> Recal'd by Proclamation diretied to theHigh-Sheriff of Li
be about the ame, by the tracts of re Cry |
nies together and encreaſed Gleceſt #- Hall, built before
'n the County of Some ſet hath afſign'd a fair portion :
of congratulas ion t0 our age, that are yet ſome who graci
ward the fexth. 1s for Profeſſors and two hundred Students.
Jweceſs as 1 wiſh.
hands of Dr. George Owen, 2 Phyſician of Goaſtow, who bought the ſaid College of Edward 6.
for when the Monks of Durham had begun their buildings
2* intermitted, tif by che piery and bounty of H
* Blides this ws on (vale ar more than a thou
wad, built a j54 bigh wa mba hl and
=
the advancement
"ts Affſign'd to @ Dean,Prebends, and Student 5.
chord.
- 18 And thus much briefly of my dear Nurſe-Mother ©
ich liberty of acceſs, upon certain conditions, to all Scholars. Ar the
this: rar coiletion were remov'd ro the Publick Library, neon
zZ 19
for a Seminary to their own
gen me rk URI Any Arg:
An. 1446. y v — _ Scho-
and yoann ner porn Oomph
, 'r Books and the King's diſÞicaſure. " 44
hy wforf x _ # Chapter hrry wh hem laid th:ir mo-
Brimsficld for Manks of Glocefter. 3 Nicholas Wadham of Merafie!d
religion aud learning; which I note incidently by way
cred + Inthe giddy time of ___ A-
» With god pred and happy
ſtreams
he :10n
wo uh. 99 earning.
R 23
Chriſt-
Church.
40. 3 a0 nf Ne | » VS Ws I Sn Ws ERS A rs,
- > ITT a» amb wen onds . o ——
o ——_— 9M We Ayu IE PW > oo > we
wn; ESC NY EI
-
"*%
-- —
_
263
"D 0 B
U' N I.
— _
ſtreams below Oxford . the _ a Na _
deeper current paſſes on to the ſouth, to our
River Tame Tame, Which 7 onal long to have fought for. Nor
does it run many miles, before the ſaid Tame, riſing
in the County of Bucks , comes and joyns with it;
which river upon entrance into this County, gives
its own name to a Market-town of pl fitu-
ation among rivers: for the river Tame waſhes
the north part of the cown, and two little brooks ſlide
by it on the eaſt and weſt ſides. This place has been
in a flouriſhing condition ever ſince Henry Biſhop of
Lincoln in the reign of Henry 3. brought the great
z Hen. 3- road, which lay before upon one fide of the town,
through the middle of it. Alexander that munaticent
Biſhop of Lincoln, Lord of this Manour, to alleviate
the publick odium he had contrafted by his extrava-
ant expences in building of Caſtles, ſounded here a
mall Monaſtery. And many years after, the Quatre-
mans, a Family in former times of great repute in
theſe parts, built here an Hoſpital for the majnten-
ance of poor people. But neither of theſe foundati-
ons are at preſent to be ſeen, though inſtead of them
Lord Willi- Sir Fohn Williams Kt. (advanced to the dignity of a
Claul.
ams of Peer of this Realm by Queen: Mary , under the title
of Baron Williams of Tame) has here founded a,beau-
tiful School, and an Alms-houſe [o 0] 7,
Ricor. From hence the Tame runs near Ricot, a neat
ſeat, which belong'd formerly to the Quatermens, upon
whoſe tailure of iſſue male, it was fold away by the
Fowlers and Hernes, till it came at laſt into the hands
of the Lord Williams before-mention'd, and by his
Lord Nor- daughter to the Lord Henry Norrs , whom Queen
foe Elizabeth advanc'd to the dignity of a Peer, by the
title of Baron Norrs of Rico: [pp]; a perſon as well
eminent for his honourable deicene ( being deriv'd
from the © Lovels, who were allied to molt of the
great families in England,) as more eſpecially for his
{tout and martial ſons, whoſe valour and conduct are
ſufficiently known in Holland, Portugal, Bretagne,
and Ireland. The next place viſited by the Tame
Dorcheſter. 2® js * DorcheFter, call'd by Bede C:witas Dorcinie, and
by Leland Hydropols, which is a name of his own
invention, but well adapted to the nature of the
place, Dour ſignifying water in the Britiſh tongue.
That this was formerly a ſtation of che Romans, ſeve-
ral of their Coins found frequently in this place do ſuf-
ficiently atteſt : and our Hiſtories tell us it was once
a Biſhop's See, founded by Birinzs the Apoſtle of the
Weſt-Saxons ; who having baptiz'd Cimgilſe a petty
King of the Weſt-Saxons( to whom Oſwald King of
Northumberland was Godfather,) the rwo Kings. ( as
Bede tells us) gave the Biſhop rbus City to con#titure here
bis Epiſcopal See. This Birinus (as we learn from the
ſame Bede) was! eſteem'd in that age as a miracle of
piety and ſt:itneſs of life : whence an old Poet,
who wrote his life in verſe, does thus extol him;
Dignior attolli quam fit Tyrimthins heros,
Quam fit Alexander Macedo ; Tyrinthizs boſtes
Vicit, pf 56: 1 mundum, Birinus utrunque.
Nec tantum wicit mundum Birinus, & hoſtem,
Sed ſeſe bello wincens, & wvittus eodem.
Alcides leſs than thee ſhall men proclaim,
And Alexander own thy greater fame,
Tho that his foes, and this the world o'recame.
With foes and world Birinus did ſubdue
Himſelf, the vanquiſht and the victor too.
This See after four hundred and ſixty years conti-
nuance, (left the name and authority of a Biſhop
might grow contemprtible from ſo mean and inconſ1-
derable a place, againſt which a Council of Biſhops
had* lately provided) was tranſlated to Lincoln by Re-
migius in the time of William the Conquerour. Ar
which time (lays William of Malmsbury who flouriſht
village, oy the beauty and ſtate of its Charthes was very
remarkable, as well for the ancient work, as the preſent
care taken of them. After this remoyal of the Biſhop's
Chair it began ſenſibly rodecay, and of late the great
road to Londen which lay through the town , being
turn'd another way, it is ſo weakned and impoveriſhe,
chat though ic was formerly a city, it ſcarce now de-
ſerves the name of a town. Nor has it any thing to
boaſt of but the ruins of its former greatneſs , of
which we find ſome ſigns and tokens in the adjacent
fields [q q]. Near this place Tame and Ifis with mu-
tual conſent joyn as it were in wedlock,and mix their
names as well as their waters ; being * henceforth
call'd Tham-Ifis or the Thames, in like 'imanner as the Tome ws
rivers For and Dan in the Holy Land, and Dor and >
Dan in France, from which compoſition are Forden
and Dordan. This ſeems to have been firſt obſery'd
by the Author of the Eulogium Hiſtoriarum. Of the
marriage of Tame and Ifis I preſent you here with
ſome verſes from a Poem of that title , which you
may read or paſs over as you pleaſe.
Hic weftit Zepbyrus florentes gramine ripas,
F vg irs _ Iidis berbs,
Seligit ambroſios ima Gratia s
C —_ gemmas Concordia lets ps
Extellitque ſuas tadus Hymenaw in altum.
Natades £dificant thalamumque thorumque profundo
Stamine gemmato textum, pittiſque columns
Undique -N entem. Qualem nec Lydia Regs
Extruxit Pelopi, nec tu, Cleopatra, marito.
lic manubias cumulant, quas Brutw Achros,
Quas Brennus Grecu, rigidus Gurmundus Hibernis,
Bunduica Romanis, claris Arthurius Ang lis
Eripuit, quicquid Scotis wittricibus armis
Abſtulit Edwardus, wirtuſque Britenmca Gallic.
Hauſerat - interea fperati conjugis ignes
Tama Catechlanim delabens montibus, illa
Impatiens neſcire thorum, nupturaque greſſus
Accelerat, long ique dits fibi ſtare +
Ambitioſa ſuum donec preponere nomen
Poſſit amatori. Quid non mortalia cogit
Ambitio ? notamque ſuo yam nomine * villans
Linquit, Norrifius geminans ſabvete, walcte.
Cernitur & tandem Doreeſtria priſcs petiti
Augurium latura thori, nunc Tama reſurgis
Nexs comam ſþicis, trabea ſuccintla wirents,
Amrore ſuperans digitos, wultumque Diones :
Peſtane non labra roſa, non Jumina gemme,
Lilia non &4quant crines, 'non colla pruine :
Urque flait, crines madides in terga repellit,
Reddit & undanti legem formamque capills,
En ſubito frontem placidis 6 fuBtibus Iſis
Effert, & totis radios fpargentia campis
Aurea ſtillanti reſplendent Jumuna wultu,
Jungit & optate nunc oſculs plurimes Tame,
Mu uaque explicitis innettunt colla lacertis,
Oſjcula mille ſonant, connexu brachza pallent,
Labra ligant animos : tandem deſcenditur una
In thalamum, quo juntta Fide Concordia ſan#a,
Splendida conceptis ſancit connubia werbis.
Undique multifori trepitat nunc tibia bus,
Flugicole Nymphe, Dryades, Satyrique petulci
In numeros circum ludunt, ducuntque choreas,
Dum pede concutiunt alterno gramins lets,
Permulcent wolucres ſylvas modulamine paſſim,
Certatimque ſonat [ztum reparabilis Echo.
Omnia nunc rident, campi letantur, Amores
Fr enatis plaudunt avibus per inania wetti :
| Perſonat & cythara quicquid widere priores,
Pronuba viftura lauro welata Britona.
Hac canit, ut toto diduFa Britannia mundo,
Cum wittor rupes divulſerit e Nereus.
Er cur Neptuni lapidoſa grande natum
Albionem wicit noftras delatus in oras
Herewles illimes libatus Thamifis undas :
Quas buc adveniens aras ſacravit Ulyſſes :
in that age) Dorchefter was a ſmall and unſrequented
« Sir Edward Norris Knight, marry'd Tride/aide younger daughter of Francis Viſcount Lovel.
the Britiſh-Cities, call'd by
ts creep to that ſbrine for help.
"9 But this title ſoon determin:d, when be lefe but daughters, married
the names of Burenrines frrijſbed as at Chalgrave. |
e AN. 1072,
24
j
V Ninnius and Huntingdon, Cair Dawri ; by Alfred of Beverley, Cair Dorin.
of Alchefter : A round hill there ſtill appears, where rhe ſuperſtitions enſuing
+ See the Additions ro Wil
* The fame place, we find in the Catalogue of
we find in the MS. Hittory
es built Birinus a ſhrine, teaching them that had any Caitel amijs
ire, about the beginning.
into th. f amilics of Norris 1d Werman. * Huſcley, where ſometime;
Urgque
_—
OXFORDSHIRE.
266
Urque Corineo Brutus comitatus Achate
Occiduos adiit traftus : ut Caeſar anbelus
Territa queſitis oftendit terga Britannis : &C.
And after a few other verſes :
Dixerat : wnito conſurgit & unus amore
Letior exultans nunc nomine 'T amiſis uno,
Oceanumque patrem quarens jattantior un4as
Promovet. |
Here, with ſoft blaſts, obliging Zephyrs paſs,
And cloath the flowry banks with long-liv'd grab.
The fragrant Crown, that her glad hands have made,
Officious Flores puts on Ijx head.
The beauteous Graces have their buſineſs too,
They bruſh the weeping flowers from their ambro-
ſial dew :
Which joyful Concord does with pleaſing care
Weave into Chaplers for the like pair : d
While Hymen's mounted Taper lights the air.
In a fair vault beneath che ſwelling ſtream,
The Marriage-bed the buſie Naiad: frame:
Where brighteſt gems the painted: columns grace,
And doubly ſhine with cheir refleed rays.
No ſuch great Pelops kingdom could afford,
Nor laviſh Cleopatre for her Lord.
On this the Virgins in vaft numbers pile
Proud ſpoils and trophies of the conqu'ring Iſle ;
What Bundwic, Garmund, Brennus, Brute brought
home,
From Greece, from Gaul, from Ireland, and from
Rome :
What mighty Arthur from the Saxons won, *
What oo aaa from the Scots, and from the French
his ſon.
Now had fair Tame ſigh'd for her promis'd ſpouſe,
While down the Catechlanian hills the flows,
And ſcarce faluting her old banks runs by,
Bearing no load, but long virginity :
And this ſhe ſeems ambitious to lay down,
And ſee her lover's {tream augmented by her own.
Wich a faint kifs ſhe mocks the walls of Tame,
And leaves behind her nothing but her name.
Yet tho' impatient Iſis arms to fill,
She ſtops to bid the Norriſes farewel.
Old Dorchefter ſtands wondring at her ſpeed,
And gladly bids the happy match ſucceed.
Now does the joyful Bride new dreſt appear,
Freſh blades of corn tye up her golden hair,
Her ſhining gown plays with the purled air.
Bluſhing Aurora to her hand gives place,
Nor proud Dione boaſts fo fair a face.
Her lips the roſe, her eyes bright gems outdo,
Her hair the lilies , and her skin the ſnow.
In ſtate ſhe ſwims, her careful hand throws back
Her floating trefles on her ſilver neck.
Proud J6s now his comely head diſplays,
And cheers the drooping fields with golden rays.
Nor ſtays he to admire his Tame's charms,
Bute throws himſelf ( ſweet load ) betwixt her arms.
Ten thouſand kiſſes do ten thou meet,
And with their breach the Lovers fouls unite.
Hence to their bed the happy pair go down,
Where Faith and Concord ſpeak them into one.
The Pipes and Cornets echo all around,
While the pleas'd ſtream returns the grateful ſound.
In joyful rings the merry Nymphs advance,
And ſportive Satyrs drive the wanton dance.
While Quires of winged Songſters of the air,
The woods and groves with tuncful numbers cheer.
Eccho, contented now that ſhe's all tongue,
Sounds quick replies to their delightful ſong.
All chings rejoyce, and Nature's ſelf is glad,
The painted flowers o'er ſmiling meadows ſpread
To th' univerſal joy conſent, and nod their head.
The wanton Loves their harneſs'd birds drive on,
And clap to fee their winged chariot run.
Auſpicious Juno with. a graceful ſmile
Begins the ancient glories of the Iſle ;
| On her fair brows unwithred bay: appear,
And thus ſhe fings, and tunes her trembling Lyre.
How N che wondring Iſthmus ſhook,
When their long hold the parted cliffs forſook.
What crimes, what vengeance, brought Alcides o'er,
To die the- cryſtal Thames with Albion's gore,
And ſpread his monſtrous carcaſs on the ſhore.
How hither his wild courſe Ulyſſes ſteer'd,
What altars to the angry gods he rear'd!
How Brute with Corinzus came to land, (mand !
| And made the favage nations own their new com-
| How Czfar's drooping Legions homeward ſtood,
Glad to eſcape from thoſe they had in thought ſub-
du'd, &c. ;
And after ſome werſes imterpos'd, the Poet proceed; ;
Thus ſang the Goddeſs ! ſtrait the joyful ſtream
Proud of the late addition to it's name,
Flows briskly on, ambitious now to pay
A larger tribute to the ſovereign ſea.
Benſimgton, which Marian calls a royal Vill; and
; reports it took from the Britains by Ceaulin in che
| year 572, and © poſſeſt by the Weſt-Saxons for 200
| years following. But then Offa King of Mercia
thinking both his intereſt and reputation concern d,
that they ſhould hold nothing on this ſide the river,
* won this town by force, and joyn'd it to his own
kingdom. Ar preſent it is a ſmall village, and ſhews
at a little diſtance from it a houſe of our Kings, which
has been formerly a beautiful ſtructure, but is now
much decay'd by reaſon of the unhealthy ſituation
near low and wet. groud. This ſeat, call'd Ewelme,
commonly New elme, from the Elms here growing,
was built by William de la Pole Duke of Suffolk, who,
by marriage with Alice only daughter of Thomas
Chaucer, obtain'd a large eſtate in theſe parts ; and
beſides+this houſe, built a neat Church (in which
the ſaid Alice lies interr'd ) and a ' fair Hoſpital. But
John Earl of Lincoln *', his grandchild by John his
ſon, in 4 manner utterly ruin'd this family. For be-
ing engag'd in a conſpiracy againlt K. Hen. 7. his
honours were loſt by attainder, and his eſtate con-
fiſcared to the King, and he himſelf ſoon after ſlain
in battel **, Affeer this, K. Hen. 8. with the addition
of ſome neighbouring manours, made an Honowr of
this eſtate : among theſe manours was ——_—_
wry: = long time pertained to the Dukes of Corn-
wall | rr].
From hence the Thames fetches a large and winding
compaſs round theHundred of Henley, hilly and woody,
which ſome think to have been the country of the An-
calites, who ſubmitted themſelves to Czfar *3. In this
Hundred ſtands * Greys Rotherfield, where is a noble
houſe, given heretofore by Walter Grey Archbiſhop
of York, to his Nephew William Giey, whoſe eſtate
tell to the Lovels by the Lord D'eincoure. It is now
the ſeat of William Knolles Treaſurer of his Maje-
ſty's houſhold, whom King James, in conſideration
ot his faithful ſervices to Queen Elizabeth, and his
readineſs to perform the like to him, advanc'd to the
honour and ticle of Knolles Baron of Rotherfield. Near
this place, upon the Thames, in the utmoſt limits of
the A
the —_ part of the inhabitants are Barge-men,
and get their livelyhood by carrying wood and corn
to London by water.. This town has nothing anci-
ent to boaſt of, only that it belong'd formerly to the
Moelins ; from whom, by the Hungerfords ( who ob-
tain'd from K. Hen. 6. a licence for two fairs yearly )
ic deſcended to the illuſtrious family of the Ha#mgs.
The bridge over the Thames, which is now of tim-
ber, they report to have been heretofore of ſtone,
OD OO OCD —o——_— — —
i In the conteſt between rhe Weſt-Saxon and Mercian Kings, this place lying near the Frontiers, often chang'd irs Maſters -
i Call'd Goaſhowſe, and confifting of two Prieſts, and thirteen poor men.
and given to Trinity-College in Oxford, by their faithful and generous Steward Mr.
"1 Who by K. Rich. 3. had been declared htir apparent to the crown.
nor, ancient poſſeſſions of the families of Stoner's, who ſince the time of K. Edw. 3. when
and fat al : trensferred by an heir general to ay ai (4wZ
- wi Faw f- born gt oe rot ke hereunto is Pus-hall, which the family of D'oily held by yielding
yea"ly ro the King a teble-tloth of 3 ſhillings price, « * ſhillings for all ſervice.
hd W1it9 great alliance arr reEVenues,
ter, heir to by mother, was marrigd to the fr
k& An» 778, or 779.
= The perpetual Advouſon of the Church here was lately purchas'd
Thomas Rowney (en.
and Edmmnmd his brother. :3 Hore is Bixbrond and Sto-
Sir John Stonor was chief Juſtice in the Commen Pleas, flou-
Sir Adrian Forteſcue unhappily attainted, whoſe b-
2»: Ff Stoke,
and
Hence the Thames paſſes on to Benſon, formerly B:n(@r.
Ancalites.
Gr de
Rotherheld.
Lord
aolless
ſtands Henley formerly Hanleganz,, where Henley,
So.
DOB
NY *s > % . -
_—
b f a
_—
—_—
od. -
" ©
- ” _
o s
=—_ =o _—
> —— — ——
——
Gur barne.
' Earls of Tankervil, who bearing the office of Cham-
F 2471s CY
O;tord
*Jee Camd.
ar the be-
ginning of
Gleceſter-
" ſhire.
4 Plor.p. 18.
Burford.
ys
| ®Ploe. p.
$49-
and arched. But whether this was the bridge which
Dio makes the Romans to have paſs'd over in purſuit
of theBritains in theſe parts, who had forded the river
alittle lowerz'is not ſo eaſie to determine| $5 |.
From Henly the Chiltern-hills run ito a continu-
ed ridge to the north, and ſeparate this ny of
Oxon from that of Bucks: at the foot whereot are
ſeated many little rowns, of which the moſt re-
markable are Warlingron aſmall Market-town, belong-
ing formerly to Robert Doily {c to Shirburne,where
was heretofore a ſmall Caſtle of the Quatremans,
now a ſcat of the Chamberlains, deſcended from the
berlain to the Dukes of Normandy, their ppm
laying afide che old name of Tankervil, cal'd them-
ſelves Chamberlains from the ſaid office, which their
Anceſtors enjoy'd *+.
'The title of Earl of Oxford has long flouriſht in
the family of Yere, who derive their pedigree from
the Earls of Gwi/nes, and their name from the rown of
Vere in Zealand. They owe the beginning of their
greatneſs in England to K. Hewyy the firſt, who advan-
ced Alberic de Vere for his great prudence and inte-
gricy to ſeveral places of honour and profit ; as to be
Chamberlain of England, and Portreve of the City
of London ; and to his ſon Hewry Duke of Norman-
| thoſe civil wars, and offerd him the choice of theſ:
tour Earidoms, Dorſet, W#{ts, Berks, and Oxon. And
after this, Maud the Empreſs, and her fon Henry, then
in poſleflion of the Throne, by their feveral Char.
ters creared him Earl of Oxferd. Of his poſterity,
not to mention—every* particular perſon, the mot
eminent were theſe that follow : Robert de Vere , who
being highly in favour with King Richard the ſecond,
was by him advanct to the new and unheard of ho.
nours of Marqueſs of. Dublin, and Duke of Ireland.
of which he left (a5 one well obſerves) nothing but
ſome gaudy ticles to be inſcribed upon his romb, 2nd
matter of diſcourſe and cenſure- to the 'worid. For
ſoon after, through the envy of the other Courtiers,
he was degraded, and miſcrably ended his lite in ba-
niſhment. ** Fohn de Vere , a man of: great ability
and experience in the arts of war , and as. eminent
for his conftant fidelity to the Lancaſtrian party,
fought often in the field againſt K.Edward the fourth,
for ſome time defended. St. Michael's mount. and was
che chief afliſtant co King Henry the ſeventh in oh.
eaining the: Crown: Another Fob» in the reign of
Henry the eighth, in all parts of his life fo temp:rare,
devout, and honeſt, that he was diftinguiſhe by the
name of Fohn the Good, He was great Grandfather to
the preſent Earl Henry,” the eighteenth Earl of this
family, 'and Grandfather to the ewo noble Brothers
dy ( ſon of the daughter of King Henry , and right heir
ry and frat of this was the title he uſed
before his eſtabliſhment in this kingdom) to divert
him from King Srephen, who had uſurpe the Crown,
and to oblige him to his own party,he granted and re- '
Francs and Horatio Vere, who by their admirable
courage and military conduct, and their many brave
and fortunate exploits in the Low-Countries , have
added no ſmall luſtre to their ancient and honoura-
{tor'd the office of Chamberlain which he had loſt in | ble family.
1+ To omit Edgar, Alear, and other Engliſh-Saxons, Official Earls of Oxford.
their heads therefore toget
Lancaltcr, that both he and his ſon and heir Aubrey lo
*r Folm the firſt of that name, ſo truffy and true to the Hide if
ergin the Uh year of King * afar 4+ "
This County contains 2.80 Pariſh Churches.
y-
ADDITIONS to OXFORDSHIRE.
[a] HE County of Oxford, calld by the
more early Saxons Oxna-fon»-rcype,
and afterwards Oxen-fono-rcype, does
by its fituation ( particularly che
north-eaſt parts of it, Ormore and the adjacent pla-
ces) exactly anſwer the original of * Dobuni, as lying
low and level. Though moſt parts of ic bear corn
from the enemy a banner wherein was painted a gol-
den Dragon : only, to the Towns-men's Dragon there
is a Giant added ; for what reaſon not known.
[ c ] Next is Enſham , in Saxon Exonerham, the e.uun
eminence whereof in thoſe times is confirm'd by the
early mention of it,and by Xthelred's Charter men-
tion'd by our Author, which terms it Locws celebs.
Here it was that in' the year 1009. the ſame King
very well, yet its greateſt glory is the abundance of
meadows and paſtures, to which the rivers add both
Achelred (by the advice of AJpbege Arch-biſhop of
pleaſure and convenience. For beſide the five more
conſiderable ones, the Thames, I/is, Cherwell, Evenlode,
and Windruſh, Þ it has at leaſt threeſcore and ten of
an inferiour rank , without including the ſmaller
brooks. What our Author ſays of the hills being clad
with woods, is {o much alterd by the late Civil wars,
that few places ( except the Chiltern-country ) can
anſwer that character at preſent : for fuel is in thoſe
parts ſo ſcarce, that 'tis commonly fold by weight ,
not only at Oxford, but other towns in the northern
parts ot the ſhire.
{ þ ] To follow our Author; Burford, in Saxon
Beopzrops (not Beoppopd,) as it is famous for the
bactel mention'd by our Author (tought probably on
the pla.e call d Bartle-edge, weſt of the town ;) 1o al-
{o for a Council conven'd there by the Kings Erhel-
dred and Rerthwald, An. 685. at which among many
Canterbury, and Falfan Arch-biſhop of York) held
a General Council, wherein many Decrees were eſta-
bliſhe relating to the government of Church and
| State ; it is call'd by | Sir Henry Spelman,» /£nham.
[ c ] Our next guide is theriver Evenlode, not far *
from which, near Chaſtleton, is a Fortification, which
the learned Dr. Plot imagines might be caſt up about
the year 1016. when Edmund Ironſide met Canute the Clul's
Dane ; bu if that conjecture be built purely upon its
being near the Four-ſhire-Fone (which generally goes ..
for the old 5ceopcan where the battle was fought) :w.c
the place of the bartle being ( ||as it probably ought) #4
remov'd from this place, that opinion is deſtroy d.
{ d ] More to the North is the Monument of g 1
Rol-rich, * a ſingle Circle of ſtones without Epiſtyles to
or Architraves, and of no very regular figure. + Ex- *P.*7*
one or two, the reſt of them are not above four | ***
>
4 Conc! bs
others Algbelm Abbot of A4a/msbury afterwards Biſhop
of Shirburne, being preſent, was commanded by the
Synod to write a Book againſt the error of the Bric-
rith Churches in the obſervation of Eaſter. Which I
the rather take notice of here, becauſe Sir Henry Spel-
mean Calis it only Synodis Herciana, An. 705. without
fixing any certain place, or the exat time : whereas
both are evident trom {| Malmsbury, and the Leiger-
book of that Abby.
There has been a Cuſtom in the town * of making
a Dragon yearly, and carrying it up and down the
ſtreets in a greac jollity on Adid/ummer-eve ; which
i5 the more remarkable, becauſe it ſeems to bear ſome
relation to what our Author ſays of Cuthred's taking
foot and a half high. What the occaſion of this mo-
nument might be, is not hinted co by: any knicripti-
on upon the ſtones, or by any other marks about
them ; which ſeems to make it probable ar leaſt chat
it was not erected in memory of any perſons that
werebury'd there. For if ſo, we might hope (1) as in ! **©/
other places of this kingdom) to meet wich a Crob + :;
or ſomething of that kind implying the detign, it
Chriſtian ; but if Pagan , one would expe to find
barrows at ſome ſmall diſtance. Beſides, chac curt-
ous Antiquary Ralph Sheldon Eſq; making a diligent
ſearch in the middle, after any thing thag might lead
us to the firſt deſign of it, and particularly bones ;
tound himſelf diſappointed, . Though if we mn
take
wo _ OXFORDSHIRE. = 270
take an bac waraehp 2 from —_ of the like na- A vide next £m thac flows. into the ' Thames is
ture, the bones ( it there are any ) may, more pro- | Cherwell ; near which is Ranbiay., made fainous by Baury.
«wits, bably be mer witch without the circle *, asthey were |oÞr Author for the. Vidiory..of. Kine: Bur if =
«5 ſome years ago at a lictle diſtance from that at Kyner | >4x0n name pf the phce-be { av ke-qelk. 1s) Baner-
, in #«ifrire, and have been formerly. at the famous | bymg, it cannes tay claim to this'bactle;-which the
Stone-benge. "Kg ; IASC was at: Bepantymgy;” and
How true ſoever our Author's opinion of its being | this we have prov'd + betore to: be.molt probably in t5<* > 12.
erected in memory of ſome vietory , may be in the | Wikſhire. But wherever ic-was fought ,-the ſucceſs
main ; yet the relation he makes it have to Roſs the | of it does not feem ta belong fo exrirely r6. the! $ax-
Dane, will not agree wich the engagement-cither at | ons, as Mr. Camden: intimates. *Tis true, before
Hokenorton Or Sceorf an. For the Saxon-Annals tell | that, they had beeritoo hard for the Bricains!in Rve-
us, that it was in 876. this Reo made inroads into | ral engagements :. but here all: the ftrength/ off this
Normandy, and that was aſter he had been in Eng- | people in the midland parts, was-uniced , and: 'they
land ; whereas the battle of Hokeworton was in 917. | Were {o numerous as to divide their army imo nine
and that of Scrorfon a hundred years after this. Nor | battalions ; fo that by the afliftance of their numbers
does that of Wal/ngbam , telling us of the af- | and zelalkucion, our Hiſtorians confek ' they . bore up
ſiſtance which Relo ſent to King Atheltian, and in- | fo well, char when nighe came, the bartle was dep*rid-
inſiſted upon by a later Authorzclearly take away the | ang. And tis more than probable, if our Writers
difficulcy : unleſs we can ſuppoſe (what is wr +1. would but ſpeak out, that chey had the better of the
be imagin'd) that Roflo could be of age to plunder | Saxons at this turn. | For whereas chis happen'd in
England in the year 875. to make incurſions 'into| 556. we find they held their garriſons in this Coun-
Normandy,in 876.and the ſame Redo live to affiſt King | ty till che year 5715 or as ſome Writers ſay, 580.
Athel/tawn, who came not to the Crown till the year which they could hardly be fuppoſed to do, had the
925- Butif chis rub did not lay in the way , and| vidory been:ſo.compleat. | Bat what ſeems of greateſt
the matter of fa& were ſuppos'd to be true; yer un- | mament in this matter, is the manner by which the
le it appear'd at the ſame time that the ſuppos'd de. | Saxon Chronicle delivers this engagement. The on.
feat was in thoſe parts, there is nothing to ſupport | ly objection perhaps that lyes aganſt the authoriry
the conjecture beſide the bare affinicy of names. of in, is partiality to the Saxons againlt the poor Bri-
What our Author obſerves of the common ftory | tains, in the courſe of thoſe wars z and yet upon this ,
about tbe King and bu Army, though ic be upan the | occafion it'is content barely to rel us, {| that Cymric')| Chron.
whole iicuines enough, yet may it ( as we very| and Ceawlis foughe with the Brivains ot Beranbyrig >< 5b.
often find in ſuch traditional tales) have ſomething of | which (as we may gather from. ocher Inſtances): had * ©
ruth at the bottom. For why may nat that large | not likely been ler f Oday" expres mention of the
ſtone at a little diſtance, which they call te King, | Victory, it ic had tell 'roths ſhareof the Saxons.
be the 'Koygftolew belanging to the Circle of ſtones [i ] The bartle derween the Houſes of York and
raisd uſually for the Caronation of the Northern | Lancaſter, was foughe on a fair plain call'd Dane:-
Kings (as Weormiws informs us : ) eſpecially ſince the | more nigh Edgeat in the County of Northampton,
i. learned + Dr. Plet has obſerv'd from the Wor- | within three miles of BanSury. But neither here do
K-90 pmygs, that this Kengfolen, though ordinarily in the | our Hiſtorians cells us, the fortune of the day was de-
M middle, was yet ſomecimes at a diſtance from the | ciſive ; but the Earl of Pembroke and Lord Srafford
Circle ? taking up their quarters at Bandwey, quarrel'd for an
kin. [ e ] Not far from hence is Hokenorton, which Flo- Inn; which gave che Earl of Warwick an opportn-
* rence of Worceſter calls Fila Regia, i. e. a Royal Vil | nity to ſct upon them, and cotake the Earl of Pem-
lage ; and makes the bartle,mention'd by our Author, | broke and SiRichard Herbert priſoners ; who were
to bein the year 914.contrary to Bromptonand Hun. barbarouſfly beheaded. So after, upon a treacherous
tingdon,who tell us it was An. 911. and to the Saxon | overture of peace, the Ear} of Warwick farpris'd
Chronicle, which has it in 917.. The barrows . of | the King at Wobkoey, and carried him Priſoner to
Ib*p.34 Tadwerton and Hookenerton ll, the farmer large and Warwack, Tn p5 : F
round ; the other ſrnaller , and rather 2 quinquangle (&} Thers is a credible ftory, that while Phile-
than a ſquare, were probably caſt up upon this oc- | mew Holand was.cartying on-his Engliſh edition of
calion ; the rawnd one by the Danes, and the ſquare this Britonmid, Mr. Camden came accidentally co the
by the Saxons. Preſs, when this ſheer was —_— off; and looking
South from hence is Great-Tew , * near which was | 0, 1he found that) to his own obſervation of Bim-
bury being famous” for Cheeſe / the Pranflator had
added Cater and fin Bur Mr. Camden thinking it too
different colours, blew, white, yallow, and red, all | light an exprefiion, 'changd'che word” Al into Zeal ;
palilh'd and orderly diſpersd into works. As was and {o is pals'dto.tho great indignation of the Puri-
anc&ber at Steeple-{ften hard by, which can(iſted like- | ta71 of this gown. 1: / i |
wiſe of ſquares of divers colours, and fat in curious {1} Upainihe fame-river byes /[&p, call'd in the >
figures ; though not cubick, like the former, bur ob- | Pipe-rolls of Hey 2. Hibefleaps , in 2 Charter of
long ſquares. £254 Henry 2. Veflepe, and'in a Preſentation of the _—_
Wave, . { £3 Mare to the ouch is 17 ock ,' where our .6-Hlenr. 3. Jabroflep. We meet wi
Author obſerves King Henry 1. built a Royal p: mention'd by our
Bur not to infiſt upon Ring Rus g a '3 notwithſtanding which
Council thete, it muſt have Ito there was really ſuch an
before King Henry's tume A here , from the footfteps of
| ig; and of the Chapel ; as alſo the
þbie, as Dr. Plot has ablerv'd out of a MS. in meg to the Church of Weſt: ;
the Contonian Library, minſter
Gey ew, . .
pau plough'd up an Ops Tefſelatum, or pavement cut 11-
to ſquarss,, fomewhat bigger than dice, and of four
But of late; the-Saxon-Copy of the i part of
where the Religiaus-houſe was | it has been diſcover'd by that excellent Antiquary
buile by 1s; but her name was really Ediths, an e-| Mr. Kennes , who deſigns ſhortly. co publiſh chis
upon a t | ocher beftruments') in his Pa-
rected ie ar her | 1echial Antiqumies of Yen, Burceſter, 8&e. 'The
end” of place is there call'd GiSflepe, which 1s eafily meked
to [ſep or Iftip, by caſting away the initiat G:im-the
ſame! manner” that Gyperpic is changed into* Jofwich,
near Oxford into [fey |
'- In the Chapel there, which w calt'd the King's Cha-
| ' - there ftoad not many years ſince - Ron _—_
at his rei e a largs Charter co this Abbey. fame ( as Tradition has conſtamily deliver'd-it
it be hay 15 'ris likely it aroſe from Thomas Wal- ou } wherein Edward the Contfeſtor was bapriz'd.
(az baw's eributivg the whole foundation to King | But this, being pur to an indecent uſe, aswell as'the
hain, and the accaſion of it to a prophecy of A4er- , Chapel, was at laſt piouſly:reſcu'd from it, _
la.
&tow,
in Mary
\
—_ 0 er es —_
D MO—R- _ — — ——
oO OO CGG A Ae A I oo —.
m—— — _
DOBUNT MN
B 7
mov'd to the garden of Sir'Hewy Brown Baronet, of | defcrib'\dat large by the curious Dr. Plot in his nary.
Nether Ritldington in this:County.. cal Hiſtory of this County 5 to whom 1 refer the
'The Church continues in the 'patronage of the | Reader for a more diſtinct information.
Dean and Chapter of Weſtminſter 5 the preſent Rector At a little diftance- is Merion, where was found 2 1. ;
is Dr. Robert Sourb, who'at his own expence-has built | Daniſh ſpur, anſwering the (igure of that ip + Ola +11...
2 new decent Chancel, a beaurtijul Parſonage-houle, Wormizs 5 which, together with the meeting of two ic
a {pacious Barn, &c. to the intereſt of the Church, rhe military ways near it, induc'd a late Author to be. ©
credit of the Clergy, and his owi immortal honour. |4ieve that this is the very place where «A rhelred and
Kedindon. , | m1} Next is Hedindon, which (tradition ſays was | «ied tought with the Danes, in the year £7x.
inthe Saxon times a nurſery of the King's children: | [ q ] Our next place is Oxford, the o'deſt Saxon 01.
and ixiſcems likewiſe to have hadia Royal ſeat where | name whereof is Oxnapon>. The Antiquity of this
K, Bthelrcd reſided ;' particularly,: when he granted famous place has deſervedly employ'd ſeveral eminent
a Charter to the Monaſtery of S. Frideſwide, wherein | pens; and to give lo much as an Abridgement of the
the date is thus -mention'd, ( Th privilege was-1dith Controverſie berween the two Univerſities in this
in Heddingion, ) and afterward in Latin ( Scripta fwit | point, as 1t wouid b: extreme dithcule, fo wou!d jr
bec cedula jnſſu prefati Regs im willa R'gia qua be to0 large tor a work of chis general nature. Te:
appellatur.) Another argument of a Royal ſcat-here, | it be. ſufficient for us, to follow our Author by th:
was a Free-Chapel, exempt from all cuſtoms due ro light of clear Hiſtory from the time of King Altred ;
the Biſhop of Lincoln and Archde:xcon of Oxtord; home ( as he obſerves) buile here thre? Colleges.
which Maud the Empreſs confirm'd to the Church He ſeems to have had the {tory from John Roſe of
of St. Frideſwide. | Warwick ; who farther aſſerts , that the firſt was
Weſton. n ] Hence going by Weſton, the ſeat of Sir E4- | founded at the Eaſt.end of High-#reer, endow'd with
Burceſter. ward Norris, WE come to Burceſter, "where is a fair | comperent Salaries for 26 Grammarians, and call'd
and ſpacious Church; and ia the diviſion of Kingſ | Litile-Univerſity- Hall : the ſecond in School-Ffreer, for
end ſtands a pleaſant and convenient ſeat of Mr: Fobn | the maintenance of 26 Students in Logick and Phi-
Coker Lord of that manour. Moſt of the 1a in. lolophy, and call'd the Lef Univer/ity-Hall : and the
Market-end are part of the eſtate of Sir William Ghyme | third in High freer, near to the firit, but higher to
Baronet, whoſe beautiful feat is within two miles, the Weſt, with endowment for 26 Divines, and calld
at Ambroſden'; where the Pariſh-Church is neat and | Great-Univerſity- Ho!l, now Univerſity-College.
weil.adorn'd, and the pr... houſe adjoyning of | | r] The occaſion upon which Matthew Par's gave
great ſtrength and good proſped, buile in the year. the Univerſity fuch an honourable title, An. r256.
1638. at the foie charge of Dr. Fobn Stubbing, the | was the Biſhop of Lincoln's encroaching upon the
then worthy Vicar. Liberties of the Univerſity. Whereupon they ſent
Alchefter, [ſo] A little way from hence - is Alcheſter, the | Delegates to the King at St. Albans; to whom he
bounds of which quadrangular Catmp-br garriſon arc | made this remarkable Addreſs in behalf of them © Do.
{till viſible; tho' the rea or fite of ie: has been for a | mime pro Domino curam babe de Eccleſia jam wacillante.
long time a part of the common held of Wendlebwry. | Univer ſit as enim Pariſienſis, tot altrix & magiſtra [anito-
The reaſon of the name is at evidence ct its Anti- | 7178 Prelatorum, non mediocriter perturbatur. Si fimili-
quity, whether we make it (with our Author ) Ald- | ter uno tempore perturbatwr Oxontenfis Univerſit as, cum
cheſter, or Alle&i.caſtrum, from the Roman Alle&tus ; | /it /chola ſecumda Eccleſia, imo Eccleſia fundamentum, ti-
an opinion. ingemoully deliver'd;'> and | maintain d, mendum eff vihementer ne Eccleſia tota ruinam patiatur.
with much ſhew of truth in' a ſhore: Hiftory of 4- | [ s ] The deſign of Balie! College was only laid by ;.,,
cheſter; the original- MS.) whereof is:in the hands of | Sir Fobn Baliol, who ſertl'd yearly Exhibitions upon Cop
the learned and pions* Mr. \Semwel| Blackwell, -B. D. | fome ſcholars, till he ſhould provide them a fie houſe
late Vicar of Bercefter, now Rector: off Brampron in | and other accommodations. And at his death, a
the County of Northampton. © . 7 | little before: Whitluntide, An. i 269. he recommend-
[p}] But a better mark of it's. Antiquity is the | ed to his wife and Executors this pious projet. Upon
ſituation vpn the Akemanſtrear, the Conſularway, | which, his Reli& Derworguill ſertl'd thoſe Exhibiti-
which does rot ( as/our: Author has' it!) pals thither | oners in a Tenement which ſhe hir'd of the Univer-
through Otmore ; but 'comimg down: from: Tachwie- | fity in Horſmunyer-ſtreet now Canditch, and preſcrib'd
grounds in-the common road tonu 4:/;hwry to Bifirer, | Statutes for their government, An. 1282. Afffcerwards
and paſſing over that marſhy-valeziwhich gave. name | in the year 1284. ſhe purchasd another tenement
to the neighbouring town of «Met; ib'leaves''there | near the ſame place, calld Mary's Hall ; and when
ſome tracts of a ſtony ridge yer viſibleiatd uſeful, and | ſhe had repair'd it, the Society were here ſerti'd by
croſles the rivuler at Hordew- pool. of Straxford ; ' where | her Charter, confirm'd by her fon Sir Fobn de Baliol,
it enters the County offOxford and+' pariſh of Am- | afterwards King of Scots, and by Oliver B. of Lincoln.
:
broſden, whence-it aſcends "to2
paſſing croſs Wrechwic green, extends%on the north- urrey, inthe year 1264. and bing tranſlated to
lide of Gravenbull wood; over thet brook at. Langford, | St. Fobn Baptiſt ſtreet in Oxford, An. 1267. receivd
and ſo leads cloſe by the north-bourids of Alchifer, | the laſt Statutes ofthe wiſe Founder in the year 1254.
as far as: Cheſterron ::{ whence ibgoes to Kertlingoon [u] The reſtoring of K. Alfred's Foundation is by Uni#
rownsend,” and fo-over Chermell near Tackley to Wood- | Stow and Holinſhed aſcrib'd to /i/l;am Caerliph B. of
ſtock park, which it enters .near #%: e;and paſſes | Durham, 'm'the reign of William the Conquerour?
out again at Mapliton-weall near 'Stamfit/dy#:/e, whihce | and by Leland as fallly to #il/kam Shirwood Chancel-
__ it holds on agairas fat as/Stw: randall thiseway | iour of Lincoln. But our Author has 'here rightly
' in a raid bink. © But chere-breakingroft (tho? AN) | afligntd it ro William Archdeacon of Durham, who
keeping-it s name Y it goes'over« the Eoinlrde to W3)- | dying in the year 1249. left 210 marks to the Chan-
cot,'and fo ro Ramſden :\ a lirtle beypmd which village, | cellour and Maſters of the Univerſity for the mainte-
at a place call'd Wittyzpreen," it may.befeen again for | nance of 10, 11, or 12. Maſters; with. which mo-
a little- way ; but from thence ro-4falh, :over #ſtal- | ney, about $0 years after the Ponor's death, a Socic-
bridge, and fo throvgh-the fields till ir:cames to Brod- | ty was here eftablilh'd An. 1280. and their Statutes
well-grove, it is ſcarce vidble';: but there *tis as plain'| preſerib'd bythe Univerſity in the year 1292.
again as any whereclle, 'holding a-{trait_ courſe-into| +['w}] Walker Srapledon B. of Exeter, upon his firſt cer
Gloceſterſhire, and fo towards Bathe, the old Ake<|'detign of a'Foundation for Scholars, purchas'd Hort-
man-ceaſter. - Lo YO AI 4 24% 0331]; Hil and Arrbur-Hall in the year 1314. and there in-
There-is indeed,. an oid way which ſeemsto have] ftiruted a Sociery tor a Rector ant) 12 Scholars. But
lead from AlcheFter to Wallmgford, part whereof is e6| finding the place too narrow for his deſign, he bought
be fren at this day: rupning quite crols-Otmore z but | ground for a' new fite in the Pariſh of S. Mildred, and
is not by any means the Akemanſtrear, tho* the peo-| baving built convenient Lodgings, tranſlated his So-
ple bereabouts call 'it-by that name: and this error | ciety ro this houſe, call'd at firſt Srapledon's-Imn, then
of theirs 1eems.ro'/have made our Author fix upon the | Exeter-Collope. |
wrong road. There are in- cais County ſeveral! fx] The honour of the Foundation of Orzel-College 9
branches running frem this great road,: which are! is attributed to K. Edw. 2. tho' he did lictle more chan
Toe i | : grant
bill, and | oz Merton College was firſt founded at Maldon view
in
OXFORDSHIRE.
27 4
271 3 R
_— grant Licence to Adam de Brom his Almoner ( Apr.
20. 1324.) to build and endow a College to be call'd
by the name of S. Maries houſe. To this Society K.
Edw. 3 in the firſt of his reign, gave a Tenement
call'd Le Oriele ; on which ground ſtands the College
ſo called. The prefent St. Mary- Hall was a long time
the Parſonage-houſe to the ReRors of St. Maries ;
which Church, with it's appurtenances, being ap-
porno K. Edw. 2. An. 1325. to the College
then founded by Adam de Brom, the houſe came alſo
into their poſletlion, and was ſoon afrer allotted to
the reſidence of Students.
[y] Queens College owes it's name to Queen Phj-
lippa, but it's Foundation to her Chaplain Robert de
Eglesfield Recor of Burgh under Stanmore in Welt-
morland ; who, by the Queen's favour, in the year
1340. purchas'd the ground and erected a Collegiate-
Hall to be call'd Ala Scholarium Regine de Oxon. The
Revenues of it have been much improv'd by feveral
Benefactors; and there is now, under the _
ment of Dr. Timethy Halten, a very ſtately Library
in building. It was begun upon occaſion of the Le-
gacy of Dr. Thomas Barlow the late learned Biſhop of
Lincoln, and formerly Provoſt of this College, who
by Will beſtow'd upon it the greateſt part of his
Books; giving the re{t to Bodley's Library, whereof
he had been Keepzr.
"2, | That munificent Prelate William de Wickham
lid che deſign of New-College in cheyear 1 369
4 and having at ſeveral times purchayd ground futh-
cient for it, obtaind the King's Licence, June 30.
An. 1379. 3 Rich. 2. and on the 5th of March fol.
lowing, laid himſelf the firſt ſtone. It was finiſh'd
An. 1386. wherein, Apr. 14. the Warden and Fel-
lows were admicted with folemn Procefhon.
[aa] Linceln-College was begun An. 1427. 6 Hen.6.
for a $:2minary of Divines to confute the Doctrines
of Wiclff; lightly endow'd only with the Appro-
priation of 3 Pariſh Churches in Oxford : and there-
fore wanted another Founder, Thomas Rotheram
Bithop of Lincoln, who in the year 1475. finith'd
the: building of the College, encreasd their Reve-
nes, and gave them Statutes An. 1479.
[bb] This Glecefter-College was nor built, as our
Author affirms, at the charge of the Monks, but by
Fobn Giffard Baron of Primsfie/d, who in the r1 Ed. 1.
tor the good of his ſoul and that of Maud de Longſpe
his wife, founded this Cell for the maintenance of
13 Monks from the Ben:diaine Convent of Gloce-
ſter. At the ſuppreflion of Religious-houſes, it was
given by Hen. 8. for a Palace to the Biſhops of Ox-
ford ; but reverting to the Crown, was at laſt pur-
chas'd by Sir Tho. # bite, Founder of St. Fohs's ; and
being eranſmitted to the uſ: of Principal and Scho-
lars, is now call d Gloce/ter- Hall.
[cc} Al-ſouls College was begun by Henry Chiche-
ky ( atter the Foundation of a College and Hoſpital
a Higham: Ferrers, the place of his nativity ) in the
year 1437. He endowd it for a Warden and 4o
Fellows, chiefly with the lands of Priories- Alien dif-
[vlv'd in 2 Hen. x.
ers, {dd} Magdalen College was founded An. 1458. on
the ſite and lands of the difſolv'd Hoſpital of S. Fobn's,
with fo large endowments, and ſuch conveniences
of all kinds, that ir is juſtly eſteem'd one of the moſt
noble Foundations in the Chriſtian World. -
[ee] The defign of the publick-Library was firſt
' laid by Sir Thomas Bodley Ke. in the year 1597.
* io
ot
cg for.
[ff] Brazen-noſe College ( fo calld from a Hall *razen-nofe
diltinguifh'd by that name ) was founded by iliam
Smith Biſhop of Lincoln and Richard Surton Eſquire,
3 Hen. 8. It is of late years adorn'd with a beaatiful
Chapel, Library, and Cleyſters, the elegant ſtructure
| whereof was begun in the year 1656, and the Cha-
pel conſecrated by the Biſhop of Oxford An. 1665.
[gg] The Foundation of Corpas Chrift: College was Corpus
deſign'd by that great Pielate and wiſe Politician Cit»
Richard Fox, for a Seminary of Monks to the Pijory
of S. Swithin in Wincheſter, An. 1513. But diverted
trom that, and affiſted by Hugh Oldham Biſhop of
Exeter, he eſtabliſh'd it for a Sociery of Students, An.
1516. with Endowments fo ample, and Statutes fo
admirable, as have made very many of it's members
men of ſingular piety and learning.
hh } As for Chrii# Church ; after Cardinal Wolſey Chriſt-
procur'd from Pope Clement 7. a Bull for diffol.
ving 22 Religious-houſes, and converting them to
the uſe of two Colleges (one to be founded at Ipſwich
his place of nativity ; the other at Oxford, to which
he ow'd his education) he obtain'd the King's Licence
to inſtitute a College on the ſite of the Priory of
St. Frideſwide, to be call'd Cardinal-College, which he
firſt defign'd for a Dean and 18 Canons, and proje&-
ed much greater things. But before any ſettlement,
came his fatal ruin An. 1529. when among his other
vaſt poſleflions, this College fell into the King's hands.
Who, in the year 1532. ieſtor'd moſt of the allotted
Revenues, and had ic call d Henry the Eighth's College.
But this he diſſolv'd in 1545. and the year following
erected it into a Cathedral Church for a Biſhop, a
Dean, and 8 Canons. The beauty and honour of
this College have been much advanc'd by the indu-
ltry, piety, and bounty of the late excellent Dean,
Zobn Fell, Lord Biſhop of Oxford.
[ii ] The diffolv'd Durham College, mention'd by Trinity.
our Author, was granted by K. Edw. 6. to his Phyſi-
cian George Owen of Godſtow ; of whom, in the year
1554. it was purchas'd by Sir Thomas Pope Kr. and re-
pair'd and endow'd the year following. Under the
preſent government of Dr. Ralph Bathur#, it has been
adorn'd with tair additional buildings, and a Chapel
of exquifite beauty, conſecrated Apr. 12. 1694
[kk] And the ſite of Bernard College was in the +. Jota's.
year r5F5. obtain'd from the Crown by Thomas White
Alderman of London : this he enlarg d and endow'd
An. 1557. by the ticle of St. Fobn Baptiit's College ;
which in buildings and revenues has receiv'd great
augmentation from the liberal piety of Archbiſhop
Laud and Archbiſhop Juxon.
11] Of Feſws Coltege, Dr. Hugh Price, Treaſurer Jeſus.
of the Church of St. David's, is by our Author ju'tly
{til'd the Fonnder. For he began to build, and com-
petently endow'd it An 1571. But the Society, to
aſſume the honour of a Royal Foundation, acknow-
ledge Qu. Elizabeth their Founder ; who furniſh'd
chem wich ſome timber out of two adjoyning Foreſts.
The wife and pious Sir Lionel Jenkins, late Secretary
of State, was fo great a BenefaQtor, as to be in a man-
ner juftly eſteem'd a fecond Founder.
[mm | Sixteen Colleges and 8 Halls, was the num- w.dham,
ber when our Author wrote; bur che Colleges are
now 18, and the Halls but 7. For Wadbam College,
deſign'd by Nicholas Wadham, and completed by Do-
rothy his Reli&t An. 1613. is ſince built: and Broad-gate-
Hall converted into Pembroke College, whoſe Foun- Pembroke.
dation is owing to the charity of Thomas T:/dal, and
the induſtry of Richard Wightwicke.
B
him the old Library of Duke Hampbrey was vair'd,
and fitted for the reception of books, 1599. and an
addirional Eaſt-Gallery begun in the year 1610, An-
other Gallery on the Welt, projeted by him, was
rais'd, with a Houſe of Convocation under it, An.
1638. But all theſe being now too narrow to contain
the vaſt acceflion of Books, there have been new Gal-
leries erected over each fide of the middle Ifle, chiefly
fo receive the generous Legacy of Thomas Barlow |
Lord Biſhop of Lincoln, who had been ele&ed
r of this Library, An. 1652. When one views
the Catalogue of printed Books by Dr. Hyde, and the
other of Manuſcripts by Dr. Bernard, he muſt admire
the prodigious treaſure, and neither envy Rome her
nn] But above all other buildings, this Univerſity $heldon's
juſtly boaſts of Sheldon's Theater, a work of admirable Theater.
contrivance, and exceeding magnificent, built by the
moſt Reverend Father in God Gilbert Sheldon Arch-
biſhop of Canterbury and Chancellour of this Uni-
verſity, An. 1668. Who, beſides an infinire expence
upon the Strufure, gave 2-00 /. to purchaſe lands for
the perpetual repair of ir. The Area, withia which jc
ſtands, is round the walls of it adorn'd with ineſtima-
ble reliques of Grecian and Roman Antiquities; of
which the greateſt part is owing to the bounty of
Hen. Howard Farl of Arundel; ſome alfo to the Exe-
cutors of Mr. Selde; others to Sir George Wheeler, &c,
Vicen, nor India her gold.
On che weſt-ſide of the Theater, ſtands Aſhmole's Muſeum.
> Muſeum,
ooo otters ern
— _—_ cnc—_—_ Jn - Wm
eee I i eee
15
CO ICS. Iu -
T ame.
Nicot.
* Pag.322. Dike-bills,) which, in the opinion of Dr. Plor, can-
Ewelme.
Her lcy.
Watlington
Plot.pzzz Antiquity,as ſeeming to point out to us * the old way
GE 0 On ” OS - —— a
—— —
Muſeum, a neat and curious Edifice, of which the
lower part is a Chymical Elaboratory, the firſt floor
on a noble aſcent is a ſpacious Hall, and the upper-
chamber a Repoſitory of Nacural and Artificial Curio
ſities. The greateſt part of theſe are owing to the ge-
neroſity of Elias Aſhmole Eſq; who has preicrib'd Sta-
eutes for the Cuſtody of them ; and has repoſited in
this place the excellent Colleftion of MSS. made by
himiclf and by his Father-in-law Sir Will;am Dug dale.
[00] The town of Tame ( though our Author
mentions nothing of it betore the Conquelt ) ſeems
yet to have been of ſome note in the Saxon times ;
tor we find that in the year 970. Arch-biſhop Osky-
tel ended his days init. The Abbey mention'd by
our Author, of the Ciſtercian Order, was founded
at the village of Orrendun ( and as Mr. Leland ſays,
upon Otmore ) by Sir Robert Gait Knight ; who en-
dowing it with five virgates of land in Ortendum,
call'd it from an adjacent wood Ortele;, Bur the
low fite making it altogether untit for a Mona-
ſtery, it was remov'd to Tame, and the Church
there dedicated to St. Mary , on July 21. 1138.
3 K. Steph. Of which the Biſhop was afterwards re-
puted the founder , though he only cranſlated it, and
gave part of his park at Tame for the fite of it, with
ſome other lands which had belong'd ro Nigel Kyre.
'pp] Next is Ricot , which ſtill continues in the
family of the Norr#s, and is now part of the poſ-
{e{fion of the right honourable Fames Earl of Abing-
don , who had that honour conferr'd upon him ,
Novzmb. 29. 1682. and having marry'd Eleanora ,
one of the daughters and coheirs of Sir Henry Lee
Baronet, by her has iſſue his eldeit fon and heir ap-
parent Mountague Lord Norrs , who has marry d the
heireſs to the family and eſtate of the ancient and
honourable Venables Barons of Kenderton.
[q4q] South and by Weſt of Dorchefter, are two
banks with a trench between them ( therefore call'd
DOB UN I.
_O— —_ _— —— —_ - — — OS E—_— ———— O?—— ON —— — — —
Beatrix van Hemmema ol Friezland, had iſſue by her
Aubrey the preſent Earl, Knight of the mot noble
Order of the Garter; who marry'd Diana daugh-
ter to George Kirk Elq; but by her has no ifſuc.
More rare Plants growing wild m Oxfordſhire.
Anagallis faemina tiore carruleo. Female or Blew.
Mower d Pimperne!. At Battle near Oxford. Park P.554.
Arundo vallatoria foliis ex luteo variegatis. Painted
or gilded Reed. Found by Mr. Bobert in the river Thames
not far from Oxford.Though it be but an accidental variety '
it dejerves to be ment10n'd,being very ornamental mm garden;
Atriplex vulgaris ſinuata ſpicata. D. Plot. Hi. nar
Oxon. It is found commonly on Dung hils, growimg together
with Gooſe-foot Orache.
Geranium Columbinum maximum foliis diſſe&is
D. Plot. F:ft. nat. Oxon. columbinum majus, toliis imis
longis, uſque ad pediculum diviſis. Moris hiſt. The great-
eſt Doves foot Cranes-bill with difſetted leaves. In bedges
about Marſton, and on that part of Botley"cauſey next Ox-
ford m great plenty.
Gramen caninum ariſtatum, radice non repente
{[ylvaticum, Dogs-graf with awns. Found pleniifully
growing in Stoken-Church woods, Mr. Boberrt.
Gramen Secalinum majus Sylvaticum. Gr. ſecahk-
num majus Park. an Gr. hordeaceum montanum fſj-
ve majus C. B. Wild Rye graſs of the woods. In Stoken-
Church woods alſo. Idem.
Gramen cyperiodes minimum, Ranunculi capitulo
rotundo. Cyperus-graſf with a round Crowfoot-bead. Fre-
quently found on the bogs on the weſt ſide of Oxford. Idem.
Gramen bromoides maximum hirtum Park. Feliuca
graminea perennis hirſuta , gluma longiore dumeto-
rum,Ipica divisa. In Godſtow copſe near Oxford. dem.
Helleborine flore albo vel Damaſonium montanum
latifolium C B.Ger.Damaſonium Alpinum ſeu Ellebo-
rine tloribus albis F. B.Elieborine minor flore albo Park.
ers: ig Baſt ard- Hellebore, In the woods near Stoken-
| Church,not far from the way leading from Oxford to Lnod.
Hordeum nudum feu Gymnocrithon F. B. Zeopy-
not be part of any Romin way, becauſe extended
only as a ſtring to the great bow of the river
Thames ; but rather a fortification, ſuch as P. Ofto-
ris is ſaid by Tacitus to have rais'd on the rivers
Antona and Sabrina : or elſe ſome of the out-works
of the fortifications on Long Witenbam-hill, on the
other ſide the water, which perhaps was the Sinn.
dunum of the ancient Britains. So he.
[rr] Not far from hence is Ewelme , the ReQo-
ry whereof ( with a Canomry of Chriſt-Church )
King James 1. in the third year of his reign, an-
nexd to the office of Regizs-Profeſſor of Divinity in
Oxford; as he did at the ſame time, the govern-
ment of the Hoſpital here , to that of Profeſſor in
Phy lick. Which Prince, however repreſented as of
a mcan ſpirit, for his inclinations to-peace;was yetone
of the higheſt patrons to learning, and the greateſt
Benefa&tor to this Univerlity ; and deſerves to have
his memory vindicated from the common aſperſions
caſt upon it by men of ignorance, and men of arms.
[s] Then the Thames runs forward to Henley,
which Dr. Plot takes to be the ancienteſt town in
the whole County ; fo call'd ( fays he ) from the
Britiſh Hen, which ſignifies old, and Lley a place;
and perhaps might be the head town ot the People
call'd Ancalites, that revolted to Czfar.
[tt] At ſome diſtance is Watlimgron, which by the
name one would imagine to be ot no leſs than Britiſh
of making their towns or cities, an account whereof
Strabo has left us, wiz. Groves fenc'd about with trees
cut down, and laid croſs one another , within which the
built them ſheds, for both themſelves and Cattel, The
ſame way of eriay”. the Saxons call'd Warzelar ,
ron ſive Tricico-ſpeltum C. B. Park. Hordeum nudum
| Ger. cujus figura huic plantz minime reſpondet. Na-
| ked Barley. It 1s ſown m the fields about Jjlip in Oxford:
| ſhire and other places. It is really a ſpecies of wheat, and
no Barley : only its ear reſembles the Hordeum dy{tichum.
Orobanche Verbaſculi odore D. Plex. Hiſt.nat.Oxon.
Birds-neſt ſmelling like Primroſe-reots. At the bottoms 0
trees in the woods near Stoken charch.
Saxifraga Anglica annua Allines folio D.Plot. Hi/2.nat.
Oxon. Annual Pearl-wort.In the walks of Baliol-College gar-
dens,and on the fallow-fields about Hedington and Cowley,
plentifully ; and in many other places.
Stachys Fuchſii F. B. Ger. major GermanicaC. B.
| Park. Baſe Hore-bound. Nigh Witney-park m Oxfora-
' ſhire and thereabouts, plentifully.
Tilia foliis mollicer hirſutis, viminibus rubris, fru-
ctu tetragono. *Tis known by the name of the red Lime,
and grows naturally in Stoken-Church wocds. Mr.Pobert.
Tormentilla reptans alata, toliis profundius ſerratis.
Pentaphyllum minus viride , flore aureo tetrapetalo,
radiculas in terram e geniculis demittens Mori. Hiſt
Creeping Tormentil with deeply indented leaves. In tbe
borders of the corn-fields between Hockley and Shotover-
| woods, and elſewhere.
| Triticum ſpica multiplici C. B. Ger. Park. Many”
eared wheat. It hath been ſown about Biceter, and Wein
on the green.
Viola Martia hirſuta major in odora D. Plot. Hi.
nat. Oxon. & Moriſ. bit. Trachelii folio D. Merre
Violet with Throatwort-leawves, In Mag dalen-college-Cops,
Sbotover-hil's, Stow-wood , and many other places plentr
fully. It is found in moſt Countries.
Viola paluſtris rotundifolia D. Plot. Hiſt. nat. Oxon.
Round-leawed Marſh-wiolet. Is the bogs about Stow-w0cd,
burdles, or wattles, from whence the town probably
enough might have its name.
| Continuation of the E ARLS. |
Henry, the laſt Earl mention'd by our Author ,
marry'd Diana, ſecond daughter to William Ceci!
Earl of Exeter, and dy'd at the ſiege of Breda, An.
1625. without ifſue. Upon which Robert Vere, fon
and heir of Hugh, ſon and heir of Aubry de Vere,
ſecond fon of Earl John the fifch , was in the Parlia-
ment held at Weſtminſter, An. 2 Car. 1. reſtord to |
this title of Earl of Oxford; who taking to wife
and on the banks of Cherwel! berween Oxford and Water-
' Eyton, but ſparingly.
Clematis Daphnoides major C. B. Daphnoid. latiio-
lia ſeu Vinca pervinca major Park. The greater Peri-
winkle. In the high ways between Wolwerton and. Ya
ton, and in ſeveral hedges thereabout. 1 am not yet fu)
ſatisfied, rhat this 1s @ native of England , though it
found mm the places mentioned, becauſe poſſibly ut might owt
its original to roots thrown out of gardens..
Sambucus fructu albo Ger. Park. White-berried Ela.
Obſerved by Ar. Bobert in the hedger near Watlington:
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BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
— —— — _ _ - - = —
But whence theſe people obtain'd the name of Caſſii I can't diſcover, unleſs from their warl:ke valour. For Servius
Honoratus mforms us, that the ſtouteft and mo#t wigorous Souldiers were by the ancient Gauls (who ſpoke the (ame
CATTIEUCHLANTI
*IRif- N the Eaſt of the Dobuni border thoſe People whom Ptolemy, according to different
SB&7z, Copies, calls Cartieuchlani , Carttidudam,, Carhicludani , ard Dio Cattuellani.
Which of theſe is the true name I cannot eafily determine ; yet 1 muſt beg leave here to
language as the Britains) call'd Gefli, Whence Ninnius interprets the Britiſh word Cethilou, The feed of War-
riors. Now that the Caſlii were renown'd for Martial proweſs is moſt certain : for before the arrival of Czlar, they
had wag d continual war againſt their neighbours, and had reduc'd part of the Dobuni under their ſubjettion. And Dio.
then upon Czlar's invaſion the Britains conſtituted the Prince of this Country, Commander in chief of the forces of the
whole pens They bad too by this time extended their name and dominion to a conſiderable diſtance. For under the
general name of Caflti or Cattizuchlani, were comprebended all thoſe people who inhabit three Counties im the preſent
droiſion, viz. Buckinghamſhire, Bedfordſhire, and Hertfordſhire ; of which I ſhall now ſpeak briefly ;n their or-
der, having not much to ſay of any of them.
_— — —— — ——
— ——— —— ——— —— ——
s
—— —— ——— —— ——
B UCKINGHAMSHIR E.
Uckinghamſhire abounding exceedingly in
Beech-rrees, which the Saxons call Buc-
ken, 'tis probable that from them the chief
town Buckingbam had its name and from
that che whole County. For ſo in Ger-
many, a Country fam'd for plenty of
Beeches, is call'd Buchonia; and with us the town of
Buckenham in Norfolk is ſaid to be ſurrounded by that
fort of trees a ]. This Shire being of no conſide-
rable breadth, is in lengeh extended from the Thames
northward. On the South ic hath Barkſhire divided
from ir by the Thames: on the Weſt, Oxfordſhire :
on the North, Northamptonſhire : on the Eaſt , firſt
Bedfordſhire, then Hartfordſlrre, and afterwards Mid-
dleſex. The Soil is for the molt part very fruitful, che
inhabitants thick and numerous, who generally fol-
low grazing. The County is divided into two parts;the
one a mountainous,or rather hilly country,toward the
ſouth andeaſt, call'd Ch:/tern , in Saxon Cylrenn; the
other ſeared below this to the north , call'd the Vale.
Chiltern hath its name from the nature of the foil,
Cz/t or Chilt in Saxon fignitying Chalk. For it ri-
ſeth, for the moſt part, into chalky hills,cover'd with
woods and groves of Beeches. Heretofore it was fo
thick with trees, that they rendred itimpaſlible ; but
theſe were afterwards in a great meaſure clear'd by
Leof;tan Abbot of St. Albans, they being a common
receptacle and harbour for thieves | b |. In this part
where the Thames windeth ir ſelf round the bottom
ot the hills, is ſeated Marlow, a pretty conſiderable
town, that has its name from a Ba of chalky clay
which we call Marle : this being fpread upon the
helds, fo fartens and enriches the ſoil , that after one
years lying faliow, they are always fit for cillage, and
what they receive of the hushandman , repay with
wonderful increaſc.
Nigh this town, a little river cuts its way into the
Thames ; on the turning of which is ſeated High- 1igh-
Wickham, or rather Wicomb, and perhaps may have Wikam-
receiv'd its name from thence. For the German-
Saxons call the winding of a fea or river Wick * ; and
in England there are abundance of places of like de-
nomination. This town ler largeneſs and beauty
compares with the greateſt in the County ; and as 'tis
a Borough-town, and govern'd by a Mayor, ic may
jaſtly enough be preferr d ro moſt of the reſt. Abour
the time of the conqueſt J/iged de Wallengford was Lord
of the Borough of Wicomb , and of the * out-village * vilt Fo-
belonging to it,as anold Inquiſition expreſſes it. After 9%<+ |
whoſe death Henry 1. appropriated it to the Crown.
Bur afterwards King Job» divided che out-village be-
tween Þ Robert de Vipomt and Alan Baſſet | c). In the , p. yaei
north of Wicomb * is the highelt eminence * of ponce.
theſe parts, whence it ſtill keeps che Briciſh name Wha, 42
Pen ; for they call the head or top of any thing Pen.
Whence the Pennine Alps, and the Apennne , and ſe-
veral mountains among us ſe:zm to be derived. Nor
far hence lyes Bradenbam, of a healthy and commo. ,
dious ſituation; which is the chief reſidence of the
Barons of Windſor (of whom we have ſpoken in Bark-
ſhire) ever ſince William Lord Iisd/or, in the memo-
ry of our fathers, buile here a ſeat for his Fa-
mily *.
Having receiv'd that rivuler, the Thames keeps on
its courſe to Eaton, famous for its Seminary of learn-
ing; * founded (as I have faid before) by that pious g.. ;,
and good Prince Hemry 6. A few miles from hence, Bukſhire.
Thames is augmented by the river Cole, which here
| —D_—_— —_———G____@l_
—_—__ MD = 3, M—
— — WW —_— —— - — —— ———
— -— &—
_ —_ ——— — ——
« About Coleſhil 'ris obſerv'd to be higher than at Pen, the former place being equal to the B.ll-windows of Pen: ſtceple. + The foundation-
Charter bears datc ac Windſor Sept. i2. 19 Henk. 6.
' And Comb a low valley. * Wnoſe father Sir Anirew deſcended from the 8/4 femme of ancient Barons, K.Hen'y e. dignify'd with the honour of
Bro Windſor.
S 2 dividing
275
CATTIEVUCHLANI.
> > —— — — ——_— © OIEnmo—ooEe > OOO —_
dividing Buckinghamſhire and Middleſex, gives name | ed a Monaſtery for a new Order of Religious men,
Colebroke. to Colebrork. This the exact diſtance from 7/alling- | by him firſt brought into England,call'd* Bon-hommes*: »y,,.
Portes.
Miſicadecn.
Amcrſham,
Latimers.
Hamden.
Afheridge.
ford and Londen, ſufficiently prove * to be the Ponres of | they wore a fort of sky-colour'd habit after the man-
Antoninus, Nor is there any other town between | ner of the Hermits. From the top of theſe hills we
thoſe two placts, ro which the name of Pontes or have a clear and full proſpe&t of the Vale, which ]
Bridges doth more properly agree. For here Cole is ſaid was the other part of the County. Ir is altoge.
divided into four chane!s, which for the convenience | ther champain ; the foil is chalky, ſtiff, and fruirtul.
of travellers have ſo many bridges over them ; and | The rich meadows feed an incredible number of
. that this name is deriv'd from them, is plain from the | ſheep, whoſe ſoft and fine fleeces are ſought after, even
very word. In che ſame manner as Gephyre a Town | irom Aſia it ſelf [f ]. Here are no woods unleſs on
of Brotie, and Pontes in Gaul whence the County of | the weſt ſide, where among others is Bernwood?, about
Ponthieu was fo call'd? 5 which (by the by) fell co the | which in the year 914. the Danes committed preat
Engliſh Crown in right of Eleanur Queen to Edw. 1. | outrages 4, and then Rage was ruind that ancient
who was ſole heir of it in right of her mother [d]. | Burgh, as Roman money found there doth witneſs ,
With theſe diviſions of its ſtreams the Cole makes | which was afterwards a Royal village of Edward the
here ſeveral pleaſent Iſlands , into which the Danes | Conteſſor,though it be now a ſmall Country-town,and
fled in the year 894. from King Alfred, who cloſely | inſtead of
purſu'd them ; and were proteted by the natural | In this low part of the County, though ſtor'd futh.
itrength of the place, till the King for want of for- | ciently with cowns and villages, yet we meet with
rage was oblig'd to draw off his army. On this turn- | few worth our obſervation, and they ſeated by the
ing of the river ſtands Exzre or Euer, a little village , | Thames, or by the Ts or Ouſe.
which after King Jobn had given to Fobn Firz Rober: | Not far from the river Thames, which watereth
Lord of Clavering, his younger ſons Hugh and Re- | the ſouth part of the Vale, ſtands on a riſing ground
bert took thence their name : from the former of | a very fair Market-town, large and pretty populous,
whom the Lords of Eure,and from the latter the Fa- | ſurrounded with a great number of pleaſant meadows
bor
Tix Vee
Burr hill, is by contraRtion call'd BriI [ g), Bi!
mily of Eure in Axbolm is deſcended. More inward | and paſtures, and now call'd A4:/:bury ; whence the Aiden
we meet with two places which we muſt by no means | whole Vale is commonly term'd The Yale of Ailsbury,
paſs by +. Stoke-pogex, call'd fo from the Pogew for- | The Saxons calld it * Aeglerbupge, when Cuth-
merly Lords of it, from whom it devolv'd by right | wolph the Saxon took it by force in the year / 572.
of inheritance on the Haſtings [e], of which family | As for its old Britiſhname, that through the injury of
Edward Lord Haſtings of Loughborough, founded here | time is quite loſt. This town was heretofore chiefly
an Hoſpital for poor people 5, and his nephew by the | famous for St. «£4:th a native of it, who when ſhe x, x,
brother, Henry Earl of Huntingdon , built a ſplendid | had prevail'd with her father Frewald to give her this
houſe. The other place is Farnham, the ſame ( as I| for her portion, preſently upon perſwaſion of fome
take it ) which was call'd Fernham-Royal. This the | Religious perſons, left the world and her husband,
Barons Furnival heretofore held by this ſervice, That | and taking on her the habit of a Nun , grew o cele-
on the Coronation-day they ſhould be eblig*d to find a glove | brated for her ſanity, that in that fruitful age of
for the King s right hand , and to ſupport hus left arm as | Saints ſhe is reported to have done ſeveral miracles,
long as he held the royal Sceptre.From theFurniyals itde- | together with her ſiſter Edburg, from whom Edburton £1:
{.ended by the daughter of Thomas Newil to the Tal- | a little village among the hills rakes its name. In
bots Earls of Shrewsbury, who, though by way of| the time of the Conquerour this was a Manour-
exchange they ſurrender'd up this Manour to Henr.s. | royal, and ſeveral yard-lands were here given by the
yet reſerv'd that honourable office to themſelyes and | King, upon condition that the holders of them ſhould
their heirs for ever. find Litter (+. e. ſtraw) for the King's bed (I hope the
The Cole being joyn'd higher by another rivulet | nice part of the world will obſerve this,) whenever be
from the weſt, carries it along; on which the firſt | ſbould come thither [h |. In the reign of Edw. 1. cer-
place obſervable is Miſenden, where a Monaſtery was | tain Knights ſurnam'd de 4i/sbury, who bore tor arins
tounded by the D'ozths, and endow'd by the noble | a Croſs argent in a field azure, are reported(bur how
family ſurnam'd de Aiiſſenden 5. Next in the vale | truly I know not) to have been Lords of this place.
ſtands * Amerſham, in Saxon AzmunoerÞam ; which | Yet ſo much is certain, that theſe Knights were emi-
can neither boaſt of its building nor populouſieſs, but | nent in thoſe times ; and that by marriage with an
may juſtly be proud of its Lord Francs Ruſſe! Earl of | heireſs of the Cabaignes (formerly Lords of Middletos
Bedford,who liv'd an exact pattern of vertue and true | Cabaignes) they came to a plentiful eſtare, which tell
honour, entirely belov'd by all good men. Burt the | afterwards by marriage to the Chaworths or de Ca-
chiet ſeat of the Earls of Bedford is Cheynes, ſomething | durcis, and Staffords '*®. The greateſt repute it now
more toward the Eaſt, where Jobs the firſt Earl of | hath is for Cattel. It owes much to the muniticence
this family and his ſon, the fore-mention'd Francis, | of Lord chief Juftice Baldwin, who not oniy a-
lye cntomb'd together. To Cheynexs adjoyneth © La- | dorn'd it with ſeveral publick edifices , but raisd an
rz4mers, calld heretofore Tel-bamſtead , hut had the | excellent Cauſey for about three miles, where the
preſent name from the Lords of it the ancient Ba- | road is deep and troubleſome. All round abour are
10ns L.:timer. Here Sir Edwyn Sandys Kt. who mar- | fed a vaſt number of well-ficec'd ſheep, to the great
rizd the only daughter of Baron Sandys, hath a fine | profit and advantage of their owners ; eſpecially at
ſeat 7. Querendon, a Lordſhip belonging to the very eminent qy-4x
Pailing hence ſcarce three miles northward we | Sir Henry Lee Knight of the Garter; Ez:borp once tothe ,. ...
come to the ridge of the Chiltern hills, which divides | Dinbams, now to the Dormers Knights ; and 7 inchin- Weis
the whole Shire from ſouth-weſt co north-eaſt,;through | don to the Godwins Knights, &c. | 1_. :
many little villages ; of which the moſt conſiderable | By the Thames, down lower we meet with no-
du
is Hamden, whence the ancient family in this County | thing memorable, unleſs Cherdſley be (as many think Chau
took their name. On the ealtern angle of the hills, | it is) the * Cerdic-ſlega of the Saxons, ſo call'd from
upon a deſcent , ſtands 4ſberidge, formerly ,a houſe | Cerdicias who had here a ſharp engagement with the
ot pleaſure of the Kings, where Edmund Earl of | Britains. Nigh to this place is Credendon, now Cren-
Cornwal, fon to Richard King of the Romans, found. | dey, which was the feat of the Henowr of Gifer4,
—
+ Mr. Burton in his Comment upon the Itinerary, as he follows Mr. Camden generally, ſo here he agrees with him ; tur Stow, Harriſcn, Lloy®,
Leland, Cc. tix the Roman Pontes at gr. fs Barkſhire. © This rown was all 2jopg call'd Agmwnd:ybam or Agr ond: ſham,as tar as the time ot
t
K. Henr. 7. * There is no tradition or authority that this rown was ever call'd £urgus, or that jr was ever ſackt by the Lanes. By a late Aurhor
ennet's Parochial Antiquirar. p.4 1.) it is deriv'd trom Bruel,a thorny place, trom bruer, a thorn. « As alſo Mglerbyrg, Zglesburch, Ag]
ih. / 571. Chronicon Saxonic. from whence alſo we learn that in 921. the Dancs leaving the ſiege of Zocsſter, and coming vpeon the wnain!
__ a great booty of men and cattel between Bernword and A4:{:bury. * Now common)y Middletor-cheucy. 4 Ihe true reecing #
fraices- 4G
» And ou Tunbridge, and others. 4 Barvkam, better known &y the Heer gr, Lord Euntercembs and Scudamorer (who were Lords theresf and i
Beconsfield ſucceſſively by inheritance) than by it [clf. s Making h.m/ef me of their Seciaty. 6 Upon & vow j6& eſcaping Jbipwrack- : wt
the one ſide. 7 On ihe ther fide Cheſham Bois, where, and a; Ur aircon Branchamp tie family of Cheneis kath anciontly flour: ſh'd. | 8 Who p"6
felis the rule of Sr. Auſtin, * v Wheſe forefters ſurnam'd de Borſtall were fameus in for er 119es. Nigel de Ecrſeall was jo jurnam'd frem havi's
kilfd a wild boar in that forcft, for n hich he had from the King me hide ©: arable latd ga tha Deie-byde ; and on thet be Full a manfron and COPS #
Rorc-Ralc 1% 1273; of 1/8 (ain bear. * Of Grafton,&e. by
— —_
Sl
—_
BUCKINGH
AMSHIRE
282
ct
——_——
Fn_— Coe
by which name that vaſt eſtate was call'd that fell
to Walter Gifford at the Conqueſt ; ** who , being
made Earl ot Buckingham, founded (as 'tis thought) che
Monaſtery of Noreftey ; and his Couſin * Hugh de Bole-
bee, from whom by a female the Earls of Oxford are
deſcended, held here ſeveral manours of him. The
ruins of Bolebec-caſtle appear hard by in the Pariſh of
Whitchurch '*.
Uſa or Ouſe, formerly Ifa , and the ſecond Tjx,
which flows gently through the northern part of this
Shire, rifing in Northamptonſhire, and preſently en-
cring this County with but a ſmall current, paſleth by
' Bitleſden, which Robert de Mapertſhal Lord ot the place
cave tO Osbert de Clinton Chamberlain to Hen. 1.[k],
(a powerful man at Court) to fave him from bein
puniſh'd as a Felon for ſtealing one of the King's
hounds. But he receiv'd it back again from the
Chamberlain with a Kinfwoman of his in marriage.
Yer in the Civil Wars in K. Stephen's time he loſt it
again, and Ernald de Boſco, by the favour of Robert
Earl of Leiceſter, got it; who in the year 1127.
founded there a little Monaſtery for Ciſtertian
;- Monks [ 1]. The next place that the Oule viſits is
Buckingham, the chiet town of the County, which
Edward the Elder, in the year 191F. (as Marianus
hath it) ſo-tifted with a rampire and turrets on both
ſides of the bank, againſt the incurſions of the Danes.
Yet it ſeems to have been no conſiderable place in
the firſt times of the Normans ; fince in the reign of
the Confeſlor ( as Domeſday book informs us ) it
paid only for one hide, and bad twenty fix Burgeſſes. The
cown 15 ſeated on a low ground : the Oule, very
commodious for the mills, ſurrounds it on all ſides
but the north. The Caſtle, ſeated in the middle of
the town upon a great mount, of whoſe very ruins
ſcarce any thing now remains, as it were divideth
the town into two parts; the greater of theſe is to the
north, where ſtands the Town-hall ; the leſſer to
ruld. the weſt, in which there is a Church ( though not
very ancient) where was the Coffin of St. Rumbald *
born * at King's Sutton a neighbouring village, and
by our anceſtors eſteem'd a '* Saint (my
Hence the Ouſe moves, with a gentle current, to
in. the north eaſt. More eaſterly from the river, toward
the woods, is Whaddon, formerly the feat of the Gif-
fards, who were heredita;y Keepers of IWhaddon-
Chaſe under the Earl of Ulſter ; trom whom that
office deſcended to the Pigors, who fold it into ano-
ther family. Here is now the reſidence of the war-
like family of the Barons Grey of Wilton, who held the
adjoyning manour cf Eaten by the ſervice of keeping
one Gerfalcon of the King's ; whence that family bears
for their creſt a falcon ſitting on a glove. Not far
hence lies Saulden, where there is a neat houſe built
by the honourable and learned Knight Sir Fobn For-
teſcue ( who for his prudence and integrity was made
Chancellour of the Exchequer *5, and privy Counſellor
to Queen Eliz1beth and King James 1. ) for him and
his family. On the other tide of the river, not far
22:2, from the bank, are ** Leckhamſled the ſeat '7 of the
Tirrils; Lillingffcne, of the ancient family of the
De-bairel, commonly Dairell; and Luffeld, where
there was formerly a Monaſtery founded by Robert
Earl of Leiceſter ; but the Monks dying all of the
plague, caus'd it to be deſerted. Higher on the
louth-bank of the river, the moſt conſiderable place
15 Stony-Stratford, from the ffones, the publick ſtreet,
and the ford ; becauſe the buildings are of Free-ſtone,
which is dug plentifully at Caverſham hard by ; and
becauſe 'tjs ſeated on the publick Freet or high-way,
commonly term'd Watling ſtreet, which was a military
way of the Romans. Some remains of it are plainly
to be ſeen beyond the town. There was too a ford,
though it be now ſcarce paſſable. The town is of a
conſiderable largenels, beautified with ewg Churches.
In the middle ſtands a Crof ( though not very ſplen-
did) erected in memory of Queen- Eleanor ot Spaitz,
wite to Edw. 1. and adorn'd with the Arms of Eng-
land, Caſtile, and Leon, and of the County of Pon-
|thicu, to which ſhe was heireſs [n]. Where for-
| merly the Ford was, the Ouſe is now kept in by a
ſtone-bridge, whereas before it us'd in winter-flogds
.to break out into the neighbouring fields with great
'YViolence. On the other tide of the bank, which is
ſomething higher, the inhabitants report the town to
have heretofore ſtood. Hard by is Paſhem, fo call'd
from paſling the river; fo that it may probably be
that paſs which Edward the Elder maintain'd againſt
the aq Danes, while he was fortifying Tor-
, ceſter. But ater che building of the bridge at Srony-
| m—_—_—_— this paſs was wholly negleted. If I ſhould
gueſs this town to have been the Latorodum of An-
toninus, not only it's ſituation on a military way,
and the exact diſtances, would favour my conjecture,
but the ſignification too of LaForodum (ferch'd from
the Britiſh tongue) agreeing excellently with this mo-
dern name : for the words in both languages are de-
rived from Srones and a Ford. Paſling hence, the
Oulſe waſhes Wolverton '*, the ſeat of the Longavils;
and Newport-Paynel, {o calld from the Lad of it,
Fulk Paganel, From whom it deſcended to the Ba-
rons Somers of Dudley, who had here their caſtle.
Thence thro' Terringhbam, giving name and habitari
on to an ancient famil fo. ic runs to Oulney, a ſmall
market-town. Thus fir and alittle farther, reaches
the County of Buckingham, limited by the Ouſe.
The firſt Earl of Buckingham ( as far as I can yet
underſtand ) was Walter ſirnam'd Giffard, ſon to O/-
bern de Bolebec, a moſt famous man among the Nor-
mans, whom in a Charter of Hen. 1. we find among
the witneſſes by the name of the Earl of Buckingharn.
He was ſucceeded in this honour by a ſon of the ſame
name, who in the book of Abingdon-Monaſtery is
ſtild Earl Walter the younger, and is laid to have dy'd '?
in the year 1164. In the reign of Hen. 2. Richard
Strang-bow Earl of Pembroke **, delcended from the
ſiſter and heireſs of Walter Giffard the ſecond, in
ſome publick inſtruments made uſe of the ſame title.
But it afterwards lay vacant for a long time, .till con-
ferr'd by Rich. 2. in the year 1377. on his Uncle Tho-
mas of Weoditock, ( of whom we have ſpoke before
among the Dukes of Gloceſter.) Of his daughter
married to Edmund Earl of Stafford, was born Hum-
phry Earl of Stafford, created Duke of Buckingham
by Hen. 6. **. for whom valiantly fighting, he was
ſlain at the battel of Northampton. To him fuc-
ceeded his grandſon Henry (by his fon ' Humphry,)
who was the chief means of bringing that tyranc
Rich. 3. to the Crown : though he preſently aiter en-
deavour'd to depoſe him, becauſe he would not re-
{tore him the eſtate of the Bohuns, to which he was
lawful heir [ p } But being intercepted, he loſt
his head, and found too late, that Tyrants common-
ly pull down thoſe Scaffolds by which they aſcended
to their grandeur. His fon Edward being reſtor'd to
all by the kindneſs of Hen. 7. through the wicked
practices of Cardinal Wolſey, loſt the favour of Hen.s8.
and was at laſt beheaded for treaſon ; for that, among
other things, he had conſulted a Wizzard about the
Succeffion. He dy'd much lamented by all good men.
When the Emperour Charles 5. heard of his death,
he is reported to have ſaid **, that a Butchers Dog had
tore down the fin: Buck in England *; alluding to Car-
dinal Wolſey's being the ſon of a Butcher. Afffcer-
wards the ſplendour of this family fo decay'd, that
they enjoy'd only the bare title of Earls of Stafford '4.
CY ” - ——
pI
-P
4 See in Northumberland under the title, Barony of Bolebec. * 918. Chron. Sax.
This Humphrey was lain in the life-time of his father the Duke ar the barrel
n at Erack/ey in that County. :
"* Whoſe ſon, the ſecond Earl of Buckingham, and Ermingard his wife,
wi'o which is Aſcor, the principsl manſion-houſe of the Dormers, Fom whence deſcended the Uutcheſs of Feins Fact of the family of the Temples, "1 Of
child,
the Greenwaies,
ngton, from whom it came to the horſe
a1 nuidios precedence before all Dukes in
+ Child Saint, and much {on 'd with many miracles. "s And
villes of ancient deſcent in
'3 Anciently Wolverington, the ſeat of an ancient family ſo ſirnam'd, whoſe land:
” *2 As 'tis written in hu life.
were tid before Dukes 0 Buckingham, Earls of Stafford, Hereford, Northampton, and Ferch ; Lords of Brecknock,
There are in tha County 185 Pariſhes,
hire, ſays this Saint was
bans, 34 Hen. 6.
the year 1112. 50 Holland. »* Near
Spain, and others of noble note. *3 A
& Yet our Author, in ae ye 247
built the Abbey of Noteley thereby in
Pe ee) Slee 1ads are nam'd in Records dee m__ ot m__
19 Iſſueleſy. *» Call 'd Conquerour of Ireland. ** Wit
2 h Buckingham, and &c, *+ Whereas tht
ec agar mg - Kimbolton, and Tunbridge.
theſe parts.
ADDITIONS
La? Wis
dum.
Leach n
4ri(h 9-
wftes L
Srones, Ri
and Rjd a
Frd.
Wl v Errone
Newport.
Paynel.
Terring-
ham.
Oulney.
—— — —
—_———
— - - —— —— <w——
tl — ——
CATTIEU
CHLANI.
—
ADDITIONS to BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
' HIS County is in length reckon'd to be!
39 miles; in breadch 18. and the whole ;
circumference, about 138. |
[a] Though Beeches may grow here in |
great plenty, yet 1 cannot conceive the name of the |
;
Hungerford , to the Haſtings. In this pariſh-Church,
George and Amme the firſt Earl and Counteſs of Hun-
tingdon lye interr'd ; which probably might induce
Edward Lord Haſtings of Loughborough, their third
ſon, greatly favour'd and advanc'd by Queen Mary,
e or its principal town drawn from them. For | to found an was here, which ſtill remains ; and
the Saxons did not call thoſe trees buckes , but ( as | whither he him
elf, upon the death of that Queen,
appears by Flfcick's Gloſſary ) bocax, and any thing | retir'd to a houſe adjoyning, and there dy'd. He is
made of it, becen. Now our moſt ancient records
| bury'd in a Chapel built by him for the uſe of the
ſhowing neicher Bockingham nor Beckingham, but con- | Hoſpital.
ſtantly retaining the ſecond Letter (u), it is much |
more natural to derive it from the Saxon buc, which
the ſame Fifric interprets cerv#s, (a buck or hart ;}
nothing being more probable than that thoſe woody
parts abounded with Dere. As to the Buckenbam in
Norfolk, urg'd by Mr. Camden to juſtifie his con-
je&ture, being (as he ſays) frll of beeches ; we have
* Leni,MS: the authority of * Sir Henry Spelman, that no ſuch
trees grow thereabouts : which enclin'd him rather
to chooſe the Saxon buc cerwas, for its original.
[ b ] Chiltern, by the Saxon Annals call'd Chzepn,
our Author tells us, comes from cylz or cÞyle, be-
ing a chalky ſoil. In the language of the Saxons there
does not appear to be any fuch word , ( they always
exprefling that by cealc, ) and 'tis certain that in
their time it had this name. Mr. Somner interprets
it locus gelidus, upon what grounds I know not, unleſs
he have reſpec to our preſent Ch1/. In the year 1009.
the Danes paſs'd over theſe hills in their journey out
of Kent into Oxfordſhire; upon the mention whereot
Florence of Worceſter has it, Saltws qui dicitur Clitern,
by which it appears that in thoſe { xo chis tract of
hills was one continued wood, as perhaps were a
great many in other parts of Exgland, wiiich are
ſince converted to better uſes.
[ c ] To go along with our Author through the
County ; at Wickham was an hoſpital of St John Bap-
tiſt, the revenue whereof, upon the general difſoluti-
on of Religious houſes, came to the Crown ; as alſo
certain rents there belonging to a brotherhood of the
Bleſſed Virgin, call'd our Lady's Rents ; all which were
by Queen Elizabeth, in the fourth year of her reign,
granted to the Mayor, Bayliffs, and Burgeſſes of
Wicomb, tor the maintenance of a tree Grammar-
School and certain Alms-people there. Since which
time the Rents being improv'd, more Alms-people
have been maintain'd, and An 1684. rew Alms-
houſes were erected and built.
There is no doubt but Wc ſignifies ſimws , and
that it gives name to ſeveral towns in England ; bur
the rule ought not to be general , becauſe it ſignifies
as well wicws, Or caſtellinm, in which latter ſenſe it is
usd particularly in the Saxon Nopn®-pic, Norwich.
[ d ] The Thames having paſs'd by Eaton, receives
the river Cole, upon which ſtands Colebrook, the Pon-
tes of Antoninus, though Stow, Harriſon, Hiuyd, Le-
land, &c. had rather remove it to Reading in Berk-
ſhire. Upon this occaſion our Author mentions
Poenthieu , as coming to the crown of England by
Edward the firſt's Queen, who had it in right of her
+ Da Tiller mother. + The mother was oa , ſecond wife to
RE Ferdinand, third King of Caſtile, daughter and heir
France. to Simon Earl of Ponthieu.
Er. Higher upon the back of the Cole ſtands Ever,
which took its name from Roger de Ivery, who came
in with the Conquerour, and had this, among other
poſlefitons, beſtow*'d upon him. The manour, our
Author teils us, was given to John de Clzwering by
[D:g4.Bar. King John ; || but betore that it was granted ro Ro-
1-1-Þ-197- bert Ris father by Richard 3. anno regni 9. and his fon
had only a confirmation of it from King John , amo
reg 14.
OS, [ e ] At alittle diſtance from the river is Stoke-
"509% Pogeos, which Mr. Camden ſays came from the Po-
gers hereditarily tothe Ha/timgs. It hir{t deſcended by
marriage to the Molims, from chem to the Hungerfords,
and by Thomas Lord Hurgzerford's daughter and fole
heir being married to Edward Lord Haſtings and
i
Chiltern,
Wickham.
{ f ] Pafling the hills which divide this County,
we come to the weſtern-part of it 5 where Ickford int
upon the river Tame is thought to be the place of
Treaty between King Edward and the Danes An.
907, call'd by the Saxons YeTingarons. I had once
| thought that ſome remains of that name might {till
| be in Irene ( for fo New-foreſt in Hamſhire was for-
| merly call'd,) or Iford near Chrift-Church in Ham-
| ſhire ; but Brompton's writing the place Iching ford,
ſeem to favour the firſt conjecture.
{ g ] Farther north is Borſtal, famous for the gar- Bu
riſon in the time of K. Ch.r. It was given together
with the Rangerſhip of che foreſt of Bermwood, by
one of the Williams, to Nigel of Bor/?al, by the 1i-
very of a horn, which is {till prefſeryv'd. This ſear
through ſeveral heirs females ot divers names came
to the Denbams, and from thence by one of the daugh-
ters of Denham, to the family of Lewis of Walcs,
whoſe daughter and heir now enjoys it.
{ h ] Paſling to the eaſt, we are led to the fruitful g.,.,
Vale of Alesbury, wherein one (lately) entire paſture
call'd Beryfield ( now part of the inheritance of Sic
Robert Lee Baronet) in the manour of Quarendon,is let
yearly for $00 /.
At the town of Alesbury, our Author informs us 41...
of an odd fort of tenure, on condition ro find fraw
for the King s bed. * It was held by Wiltam of Ales. *Pul
bury ; and beſide that ſervice, he was likewiſe to _—
{traw his chamber, and to provide him three ee/es
whenever he ſhould come thither in winter. If he
came in ſummer, beſides fraw for the bed, he was to
provide ſweet herbs for the King's chamber, and two
green-geele. All which he was to do thrice every
year, it the King came ſo often thither. The town
| has given the title of Earl to Robert Bruce , created
by K. Charles 2. An. 1664. :
[i] Not far from hence is Upper Winchindon,a ſeat of \*"
the Lord Wharton, + which probably came to that +D43
tamily by Philip Lord Wharton marrying Fane the 1**
| daughter and heir of Arthur Godwin of that pariſh
' Eſq; to whoſe family our Author obſerves it formet-
ly belong'd.
[ k ] Upon the Ouſe lyes Birleſden ; on the men: Bice.
tion whereot Mr. Camden fays that Osbert de Climin
was Chamberlain to King Henry x. He certainly
liv'd later ; for in 10 Henr.2. ||I find him mention'd !7wr!
as then living. Geffrey Clinton the firſt of that family '*f*
was indeed I.ord Chamberlain to King Henry 1.
and was ſucceeded by his fon of the ſame name.
{ 1 ] The ſame river carries us to Buckmgham,* near Boks
which town, upon the banks of the Ouſe , Aulus 9.
Plautins's firſt victory over the Britains ſeems to have anc 4
becn gain'd. Near the Church, was once a ſtately ti
Prebend-houſe belonging to the Church of Lincoln,
which was endow'd with Lands of 1000 /. per An.
Here was alſo a Chapel, call'd St. Fohn Bapriſt 's,found-
—_ by ny Becket,and now converted into a Free-
CNOOL
m 7 In this Hundred is Caversfie!d , whether fo Cxw®
calld from Carauſis, as if one ſhould fay Carauſiuss
feld, I dare not be poſitive. + However , 'tis very +?
probable from the circumſtances, thar this is the very ***
place where A//e#us flew Carauſirr in battel.
Upon the ſouth-bank of the Ovſe lyes Thornton, an- Th
ciently the ſeat of -the Norman family of Chary/:on,
which paf{ing through the families of Barton and I
gleton, is now the poiſetiion of Sir Thomas Tirrel Ba-
7,
| ronet, deſcended trom an heir-genersl of Robert
gleton
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> Civil wars wherewith England was for a long time
Bel.
1s indebted to Henry 8. for this dignity. For he it
BEDFORDSHIRE
285
gion, the laſt of that name in the beginning of
Henry 8. From whom are alſo deſcended both the
oacher families of che Tyrrels in this County, of Caſt le-
;horp and Ofeley : and they all deſcended from one
common Anceltor, Humphrey Tyrrel, nephew of
Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who was allo one
of the coheirs of Sir . Humphrey le Brum, as well as
the ſaid Tyrrel ; as Mr. Camden himfelt has ſhown
in E/ſex.
n ] Not far from hence upon the fame river, is
Stouy-ftrarford, where our Author mentions a Croſs
erected in memory of Eleanor , Edward the firlt's
Queen. She dy'd ar Hareby in Lincolnſhire,and ſuch
crolles were erected between that and Weſtminſter
in all places where the corps reited. Our Author is
enclin d to believe that this is the old La#orodum,
( for ſo he writes ie, though it is more commonly
{
ing from him the eſtate of the Bohwns. | But this
cannot be the caule ; {| for afrer that Tyrant's advan-e-
ment, he ſign'd a bill for Livery ot all thoſe Lands
unto him} whereunto he prerended a right by deſcent
trom Humphrey de Bobun, ſometime Fari of Hereford,
and Conſtable of England. Mr. Dugdale has given
us an abſtract of it ; and is of opinion thatthe cauſe
of this his carrriage; was either remorſe of conlci-
ence for raiſing that King to the throne by the bar-
barous murther of his nephews, or elſe his obferving
himſelf neglected by him.
Continuation of the DUKES.
Aſter the attainder and execution of Edward, the/
title lay vacant till the 14th of Fac. 1. when Gevrge
Viſcount Viſers, was created Earl of Buckingham,
the next year Marqueſs of Buckingham ; and by a
Patent bearing date 18 Maii, 21 Jac.r. Duke of Buck-
Latadorum, and ſometimes Lattodrodum and Latto-
radum.) * The old town in Gaul, calld Latorate ,
perhaps might give ir the name ; ſince | Czlar has
obſerv'd that the Gauls coming over hither gave rhe
[ame names t0 towns, as thoſe they had left bebmnd them.
” o ] The Ouſe Carries us next to Terringham ;
which family there of the ſame name, by the death
of Sir William Terringham without heir male, is now
almoſt quite extint. His only daughter and heir is
marry'd to Fobn Backwell Elq.
p ] In the account of the Earls, Mr. Camden
tells us, that Henry Duke of Buckingham's reaſon for
plotting againſt Richard 3. was, that King's derain-
i
ingham. This George being kill'd by one Felton ar
Portſmouth, Aug. 23. An. 1628. was ſucceeded by
George his fon , who dying Apr. 15. 1687. left the
title vacant.
More rare Plants growing wild in Buckinghamſhire.
I bave not had opportunity of ſearching this County for
Plants, neuther have any ſingular, local, or uncommon
ou growing there, as yet come t6 my knowledge , [ave
67
Llwadetien montanum minus anguſtifolium, te-
nuicer laciniatum , obgruved by Dr. Plukenet near
St. Giles Chaltont #7 the mountamous meadows.
SEA UK.
HE County of Bedford , commonly
Bedfordſhire, is one of the three Coun-
ties which we obſerv'd before to have
been inhabited by the Cattreuchlani.
On the eaſt and ſouth, it is joyn'd to
- Cambridgſhire and Hertfordſhire ; on
the weſt to Buckinghamihire ; on the north to Nor-
champtonfhire and Huntingdonſhire: and is divided
into two parts by the Ouſe running through it. In the
north part it is more fruitful, and woody ; in the
fourh ( where 'tis much larger) the ſoil is more poor,
though ic makes a tolerable return. For it abounds
with barley which is plump, white, and ffrong. In the
middle, it is ſomething thick-ſet with woods; but
eaſtward is more dry, and wants wood.
The Ouſe at its firlt entrance into this County, firſt
viſits Trury, the ſeat of Baron Mordant, which tamily
was that .created Fobn Mordant, Baron Mordant ; a
prudent perſon, who had married the daughter and
coheir of H. Vere of Addington. Next it glides by
Hare-wood, a little village calld formerly Hareles-wood,
where Sampſon ſirnam'd The Strong built a Nunnery ;
and where, in the year of our Lord 1399. a little
|
embroiPd, the river ſtood ſtill, and the water reti-
ring both ways, did wonderfully leave a paſſage on
toot through the chanel, for three miles together| a]*.
Afterwards it runs under OJ! or Woodbill , formerly
Wabul, which had alſo its Barons of Wabull, eminent
tor their ancient Nobility *, and a Caffe ? which is |
now come by inheritance to the Chetwoods | b |.
From hence the Ouſe with nolefs windings than thoſe
ot the Meander it ſelf, is carry'd through Bletmeſbo,
commonly Blerſo, formerly the ſeat of the Pateſhuls,
*. afterwards of the Beauchamps 3 and now of the fa- |
, Mmous family of Sr. Foby, who formerly by their va-
lour became Maſters of a great eſtate in Wales *, and
IN our age had the honour of . Barons conferr'd upon |
them by Queen El:z.abeth of bleſſed memory 7. To
them it came by Margaret de Beauchamp an heireſs, |
DHS
marry'd firſt to Oliver de Sr. Fobn, from whom thoſe
Barons are deſcended; and afterward to John Duke
of Somerſet, by whom ſhe had the famous Margaret
Counteſs of Richmond, a Woman whoſe merit is
above the reach of the higheſt Commendation, and
from whom theRoyal Family of England is deſcended.
Fram hence the Ouſe haltens *to Bedford, in Saxon
[Dudg.Bir.
F.1. p.168.
Be>anfop>, the County-rown and which gives name Bedford.
to the whole ; and fo cuts it,that one would imagine it
ewo towns, but that it is joyn'd by a Stone-bridge [ c |.
"Tis more eminent for the pleafantneſs of its ſituation
and antiquity, than any thing of beauty or ſtate-
lineſs ; though ic has indeed hve Churches. I dare
not aſſent to thoſe who think ir to be the La&odorum
of Antoninw : for neither is it ſituate upon a military
way (which is the ſureſt guide in our ſearch after
ſtations and manſions mentiond by Antoninus,) nor
were theie ever any Roman Coins dug up here. I
have read that it was call'd in Britiſh Lyfwider or Let-
tidur ; but this ſeems to be turn'd out of the Engliſh
name. For Lettuy ſignifies in Britiſh publick ms,
and Lettidur, innes upon a river ; and our Eng-
liſh Bedford implies Beds and Inns at a Ford.
Below this Town , in the year 572. Cuthwulph
the Saxon did ſo ſhatter the Britains in a fer-
battel, that he was ever after too hard for chem, and
had ſeveral towns ſurrender'd. Nor does it ſeem to
have been negleted by the Saxons ; ſince Of , that
powerful Prince of the Mercians , made choice of
this place ( as Florilegas tells us) for his Burial ; bur
che Ouſe being once more rapid , and riſing higher
than ordinary, ſwept away his Monument. The
town was repaird by Edward the elder, after it had
been deſtroy'd in the Daniſh wars ; which King did
likewiſe add a little city on the fouth ſide of the ri-
ver, call'd by that age (to follow the belt Cop, of
Hoveden') Mikeſgoate. In the time of Edward the
Confeſlor ( as we find it in that Book wherein Wil-
liam the firſt cook his Survey of England) t defended
ir ſelf for the half of as Hundred in expedition. and ſhips.
The land of this willage never hided. But under the
Nortnans it was a much greater ſufferer ; for after
—_—_— L.A
A en mm
P_
CEE Y "—
' T"'y who (aw it, took it as a plain preſage of the diviſion enſuing.
4s Dich is mw hereditarily deſcended ro Sir a Cherwood Knight ; as t
Bye Pie. 5 When (be created Sir Oliver, the ſ:cond Baron
ninm, 4 ſes: of the Dives, of wery ancient parent age in theſe parts.
F 4 inheritance of the Chetwaod* (am? formerly fo the Wahuls.
her Creation, Lt
4 F
* Whoſe Barany conſijt-d of 395 Knighti-feer in divers Codttries.
| + In Gl{-
St. Joha of lecaclho, wits whom it came by, &c © By
Pagan
1
|
;
.
:
b
Js CE EL DL ele di. 6 le Ed
CATTIEU
CHL ANIL
Warlike
engincs.
* Blliſtaril. poſe for the * Gunners and Watchmen.
Faton.
Pagan de Beauchamp, the third that was call'd Baron
of Bedford, had built a Caſtle the:e, never a civil
commotion aroſe in the kingdom, but what had a
ſtroke at it, while ftanding. Stephen in the firlt
place, when he had poſſe&d himfelt of the Kingdom
of England againſt his ſolemn oath, took this Caſtle
wirh great loſs [ on both ſides; | afterwards when
the Barons took up arms againft King John, William
de Beauchamp Lord of it and one of the headers of
that Fa&ion, put it in their hands; but about two
ears aſter, Falco de Breaut laid hege to it, preſent-
had it furrender'd to him by the Barons, and be-
{tow'd upon him by the King. But this ungrateful
man afterwards renew'd the war ” _ 3
pull'd down the Religious-houſes to fortifie his Caltle,
and, very much damnify'd the Country all round ;
till at laſt the King lay ſiege to it, and after 60 days,
having tam'd the infolence of the Rebels, poſſeſs d
himſelf of that Nurſery of ſedition [ |.
I hope it may not be unacceptable to the Reader,
if I give you the methods by which this Caſtle was
taken, out of an old cotemporary Writer, who was
an eye-witnefs: to let us underſtand, how that age
was nothing inferiour to ours in their contrivances of
Works and Inltruments for the deſtruction of man-
kind. Om the eaſt-fide ( lays he) war one Petrary and
two * Mangonels daily playing upon the tower ; and on
the weft two Mangonels battering the old tower ; as alſo
one upon the ſouth, and anothey on the north part, which
beat down two paſſages thro' the walls that were next them.
Beſides theſe, there were two machines contriv'd of wood,
ſo as ro be higher than the caſtle and tower, eretted on pur-
They had alſo ſe-
wveral machines, wherem the Gunners and Slingers lay im
wait. There was moreover another machine call'd Cattus,
under which the diggers who were empley'd to undermine
the walls of the tower and caſtle, came in and out. The
Caſtle was taken by four aſſaults. In the fir #t was taken
the Barbican ; in the ſecond the outer Ballia ; at the
third attack the wall by 1he old tower was thrown down
by rhe Miners, where by a dangeroms attempt they poſſeſs d
themſelves of the inner Ballia through @ chink. At the
fourth aſſault, the miners ſet fire to the tower, ſo that the
ſmoak bur#t out, and the tower it ſelf was cloven'to that
degree, as to ſhew wiſibly ſome broad chinks : whereupon
the enemy ſurrender'd.
Concerning thoſe Mangonells, Petraries, Trabucces,
Bricoles, Effringolds, and what our Anceſtors call'd
de Beauchamp, and Roger his brother, built a ſmall
Monaſtery for Canons of St. Auguſtine, as appears
by one of the Pope's Bulls. Theſs lye beyond the
Ouſe, which before it comes ſo far, is encreas'd by
a little anonymous river from the ſouth ; and at the «,,,
| conflux ſtands Temesford, noted for a Camp of the was;
Danes, with a Caſtle, built at the time when they
infeſted thoſe parts with their winter quartzrs, and
| demoliſh'd ( as 'tis thought ) that Britiſh Fort, the
place whereof is now call'd Cheſterfield and Salndy,
which often gives freſh proofs of it's antiquicy by
throwing up Roman money [ f]. And I am pretty
well convinc'd from the ſituation, that this is the ve-
ry Salene which Ptolemy ſettles among the Cartieuch- Sik
lan; ; eſpecially, if Sandy be the true name, as ſome
have affirm'd to me. Porton, a little market-town, ] Poms,
paſs by, having met with nothing about it, but only
that F. Kmafton beſtow'd it upon Thomas Earl of
Lancaſter, along with the lands belonging it. Nor
| is there much to be ſaid about thoſe rowns that lye
upon this little river ; namely, Chickſand, where Pa- Chia;
gan de Beaucbamp built a little Religious-houſe ; Shel-
ford, a market-town 7; Bighſwade, famous for it's
horſe-fair and ftone-bridge. At a little diſtance trom
whence is Stratton, which was formerly the ſeat «fir,
the Barons Latimer, afterward of the Enderbies, and
ſo came hereditarily to the Pigorrs.
Five miles from the head of this river, almoſt in
the heart of the County, ſtands Amprhill, feared up- 1-3
on a hill *, a ſtately, royal feat, that may vie even
with a Caſtle; and is ſet round with Parks. It was
buile in the reign of K. Hen. 6. by ” John Cornwale
| Baron of Fanbop, out of the French ſpoils ; whofe
goods ( as I have read ) when Edw. 4. made conti-
cate for his ſiding with the Houſe of Lancaſter, and
had attainted him, or rather (as Fanhbop himſclf wit-
neſſes ) the houſe ; he forthwith gave it to Edmund
Grey Lord of Ruthin, afterwards Earl of Kent, '* from
whoſe * Nephew Richard it came to King Hen 8.
and he ( as the Civilians term it) added it to the
f Sacred patrimony, or ( as our Lawyers) to the +,,,
Crown ; calling the large eſtate belonging to it, the =
Honour of Ampthill. More to the north, lies Haug h-
tou-CongqueFt, 1o calld from a famous and ancient fa- Hun
mily that was long poſſeſt of it [&). To the weſt is
Woburn, where there is now a little School built by We
Francs Earl of Bedford, as there was formerly a fa-
mous Monaſtery, built by ** H. de Bolebec [ h |. Be-
the Warrwolf, out of which, before the invention of low which, at 4ſfely Gewiz, they ſay there is a fort
Bombs, they threw preat ſtones with fo much force
as to break open the ſtrongeſt gates: concerning
thoſe (I fay ) 1 would be much more large, if they
were not foreign to my purpoſe. But my Author
goes on. Falco continu'd excommunicate till be reſtor'd
to the King the caſtles of Plumton and Stoke-Curcy,
as alſo the gold and ſilver weſſel, with what money be
had ; and then was carry'd to London. Orders were gi-
ven in the mean time to the Sheriff, to demoliſh the Tower
and the outer Ballia. But the inner Ballia, after the
Works were thrown down, and he ditches fill'd up, was
granted to William de Beauchamp to live im. The ſtones
were given to the Canons of Newenham and Chadwell,
and to the Church of S. Pauls in Bedford. But nothing
is now to bz feen of it beſide the bare tracks as they
hang over the river upon the caſt-ſide of the
town [| e }.
Below Bedford, on both ſides of it, were very neat
lirtle Religious-houſes ; ro the ſouth Helenfow, now
Elftow, a Nunnery built by Fudicha, wife to Wal-
rheof Earl of Huntingdon, and dedicated to Helena
mother of Conſtantine che Great : to the eaft Newer
bam, which Roifia wife to Pagan de Beauchamp tranſ
_ thither from the Church of St. Paul in Bed-
rd.
The Ouſe does not go far from hence, till it comes
to the footſteps of a * ruinous Caſtle at Exton, which
was another ſeat of the , and fo bids farewel
to Bedfordfhire, not far from Biſſemed, where Hugh
bob ground that turns wood into ſtone ; for an evi- Ew%n
| dence whereof, I have heard that a wooden * I adder !*\,.
| was to be ſeen in that Monaſtery, which had been * 5.
| for ſome time butied under ground, and was dug up”
a perfect ſhone. More to the Eaſt, Taddington ſhews
it's beautiful houſe, lately built by H. Lord Cheney *;
where alfo formerly Paulinws Pever, a Courtier, and
| Sewer to King Henry 3. did ( as Matth. Pars tei!s
us) build a ſeat with ſuch palace-lite grandeur, ſuch a
' Chapel, ſuch Ludgings, with other houſes of (fone cover d
with lead; and ſurrounded it with ſuch || awennes and park:, |
' that it rais d an aff oniſhment in the bebo/ders, We have
| not gone far from this place ( along by Hockley in the
| bole, a dirty road extreme troubleſome to travellers in
| winter time '3; and through fields wherein are the
| beſt beans, yielding a pleaſant ſmell, but by their
fragrancy ſpoiling the ſcent of dogs, not without the
great indignation of the Hunters ) till we aſcend a _
white hill 1nto Chilrer», and preſently come to Dun: 0:
ſtable, leated in a chalky ground, pretty well inha-
bited, and full of Inns. A has 4 ſtreets anſwering the
4 quarters of the world ; and becauſe of the drynels
of the foil, every one has 4 publick * ponds, which *
tho' ſupply'd only with rain-water, are yet never dry.
For ſprings they can come at none without digging
24 fathom: deep. In the middle { of the town } there
is a Croſs or rather a Pillar, having engraven upon
bo the Arms of England, Caftile, and Pontieu, and
adorn'd with Statues: it was built by K. Edw. 1. in
« Vid. Leo. Tachi. Conſtit. 5. ſeft. 7. de Mangonis.
v Sir folm. ** Whoſe grand:
the
en El hb Baron Tuddingrton built, and [bors/
Que wor ee Cheney of "4 ſhortly afcer
wire,
6 The ruins of Eyten- Caſtle ( fays Leland) belong to my Lord Pauls.
7 Wardon more inward, where was 4 houſe of Ciftercian Monks, and was mother to the Abbtys of Saulery, Sibron, and Tilthey.
Barony of Kainbo.
8 A parctl
hild Ruthin paſr'd both it and Ruthin over to K. Henry 7. "n 12 Made
ty'd fargiſluc. *'3 For the old Engliſhmen, oxr Progenioers call'd a4}
memo-
—_—
BEDFORDSHIRE
memory of his Queen Eleanor, among ſome others
in places through which ſhe was carry'd 4 in Fune-
ral pomp to Weſtminſter, There's no manner of
doubt to be made, but that this was the Station
Beauchamp, who, by right of inheritance, were Al-
moners to the Kings of England on their Coronation+
day. Bur the eltace being divided by daughters to
the Mowbrays, Wakes, and Fitz-Otes, King Edward 3.
which Antoninus the Emperour, in his [merary,
- mentions under the name of Magionmium, Magiovint-
wn, and Magintum ; © nor need it be fought in any
other place. For ſetting aſids that it ſtands upon
the Roman Military way, the Swineherds now and
chen in the neighbouring fields find Coins of the
Emperors, which they call to this day A
meney ; and at a little diſtance, upon the very de.
ſcent of Chilrern-bills, there is a round military forti-
fication, ſuch as Strabo has told us the Britiſh towns
were. It contains 9. acres, and is call'd Madning-
bowre and Madin-bowre, a name wherein, with a lit-
tle variation, one may eaſily diſcover Magintum. But
after Magintum either by the ſtorms of war or time
was deſftroy'd, Henry 1. built another Town here
with a Royal ſeat at Kingsbury, and planted a Colo-
ny that ſhould be a curb to the infolence of Robbers,
( as the private Hiſtory of the little Monaſtery, which
he founded for an ornament to his Colony, does
plainly teſtifie.) But take the very words of that
private Hiſtory, tho' they favour ſomething of the
barbarity of that age. It « to be obſervd, that that
* trufture at the meeting of the way 7 Watling and
Ikening, © was fir#t contriv'd by Henry the Elder of that
name King of England, to prevent the miſchiefs of one
Dun a famoxs Robber, and bus Gang : and that from thu
Dun the place was call'd Dunſtable [ i ]. Our Lord the |
King buik a burrough there, and a Royal ſeat for himſelf
near it. The Burgeſſes were free in _ thing, as the
other Burgeſſes of the King's Realm. The King had in
the ſame wiilage a Fair and Market ; and afterwards built
a Church, wherein by the authority of Pope Eugenius 3.
he plac'd Canons Regular, feoffing the ſaid Religious im
the whole Burrough by Charter, and graming them ſeveral
immunities | K
iy
Now © fo Lords, Dukes, and Earls of Bedford.
Silene,
Pace,
- Firſt, there were Barons of Bedford of the family of
Which was in 89, we figd ia the margin primitns ſuccidebantur.
+ Out of Lincolnſhire. 5 As for Leighton
memorable in them, unle(s 1
ork, and Chancetlour of England in the time of King Eaw. 4.
'7 Slain, '8 Some ten years afier hu creation. 9 Sir Francs,
© Mr. Camden in his ſccond edition, $2. ſettVd it at Fbwel in Hertfordſhire.
made Evgelram de Coucy (Earl of Soifſons in France *5,
to whom he had marry d a daughter) firſt Earl of
Bedford; Afterwards Henry 5. ere&ed Bedford into
a Dukedom, and it had three Dukes ; the firſt was
ohm, third fon of Henry. 4. who beat the French in
a fea-engagement- at the mouth of the Seine; and
again, being made Regent of France, *7 in/a land-fighe
at Vernoliuum. He was bury'd at Roan, and the Fortune
of England, as to the French wars, was bury'd with
him. Whole monument while Charles 8. King of
France was a viewing, and a Nobleman ſtood by
that advis'd him to pull it down ; Nay, ſays he, /z him
reſt in peace now be's dead, whom France dreaded in the field
while alive. The ſecond Duke of Bedford was George
Nevwil, a young boy, ſon of John Marqueſs of Monta-
cate 5 both of whom K.:Edw 4. degraded by Act of
Parliament, almoſt afſoon as he had ſet them up: the
farher for treachery in deferting his party, and the fon
out of revenge to the father. Tho? ir was indeed urgd
as a pretence, that he had not eſtate enough to bear
out the grandeur of a Duke; and that great men,
when they want anſwerable Fortunes, are always a
plague and burthen to their neighbours. The third
was Jaſper de Hatfeld, Earl of Pembroke, honour'd
with this title by his * grandchild Hen. 7. whom he *Nepo's,
had fav'd out of very great dangers : but * he, tho'he
liv'd to a great ape, dy unmarry'd.
But within the memory of our Fathers, it return'd
to the title of an Earldom, whew King Edward 6.
created fohbn Ruſſel Earl of Bedford, who was ſuccced-
ed by his fon '? Francs, a'perfon of that piety and
gentile eaſineſs of temper, that whatever I can po.
hbly fay in his commendation, will fall infinitely
ſhort of his Virtues. He left Edward his ſucceilor,
and grandchild by his ſon Francs, who is growing
up by degrees to the honour of his Anceſtors.
4 Primitus ſartabatur, in the fulio edition ; but in the ſccond,
Buzard on the one /ide of ORE, and Luton on the other ; neither have I read nor ſeen any thing
uld jay, that at Luton 1 ſaw a fair Church, but the Quire then roofleſs ana overgrown with weeds ; and adjozuing to
[ ts . Lord Wenlock, and well maintamed by the family of Retheram, planted here by Themas Rotheram 41«cnbijhop of
dry poem dap & pop we of is Son ” ot br be for of Coucy, and his wife daughter to the Duke of Aultria,
This little County has 116 Pariſhes.
— ——
ens i
_ —_ OC ——
— _ _ OO OOO > —— CO
ADDITIONS to
BEDFORDSHIRE.
a] N the weſt-fide of this County is
Harewood, made remarkable for the
' ſtanding of the river, An. 1399.
The very ſame thing happen'd (as I
have been inform'd ) the 18. or elſe the 28. of Janua-
ry, in the year 1648. And as the firſt was look'd
upon to be a prognofſtick of the Civil Wars that en-
lud ; fo, as the circumſtances fall out, may this be
thought of K. Charles 1.'s death; there being no-
thing lo extraordinary on foot at that time, nor any
thing to Which it can at leaſt be fo plauſibly referr'd,
1 we were to make a conjeure.
[ b] Next is 04:4, where Leland tells us the Ca-
!tle (mention'd by our Author ) was in his time,
nothing but frange ruins, and that it belong'd to the
Lord Bray; but whether ic came immediately from
them to the Chertwoods, I know not.
| C ] From hence the river runs to Bedford, which
our Author ſays one would cafily imagine to be ewo
towns ; and tho? both fides of the river are govern'd
by the ſame Magiſtrates, viz. a Mayor, two Bailiffs,
Cc. yet thus far they make their particular claims,
that whereas they have two weekly markets ; the
lourh-fide has the Tueſday-one, conſiderable for all
living cattel ; and the north-ſide the Saturday-one,
tor all ſorts of Corn. Of the five Churches alſo, two
are ſeated on the ſouth, and three on the north-ſide.
7. &. Paw; (as * Leland tells us) is the principal Church
of the town. and was before the Conqueſt a College
of Prebendaries; and after too, till the Foundation
of Newnhbam-Priory. They had their houſes round
the Church ; and tho? ( as our Author obſerves )
Roifia was ſhe that remov'd it, F yet her fon Simon + lbid,
de Bello-Campo or Beauchamp, confirming and com-
pleting the At of his mother, was look'd upon as
the Founder ; and A in his Epitaph, which
was before the high Alcar of this Church, he is call'd
Fundator de Newebam.
[d] In the place of the Caſtle Mr. Camden ſpeaks
of is now a ſpacious Bowling-green, look'd upon by
che Gentry, who reſort thicher in great numbers for
their recreation, to be as good as molt in England.
Ce] In this crown was built and endow'd, An.g6r.
a Free- ſchool by Sir William Herper, born in it ; bred
a Merchant-Taylor in the city of London, and at-
terwards Lord Mayor of it.
Within two miles of Bedford, was an old Caſtle, | p;q.
call'd by Leland Ri/imgho-Caſtle, which he lays was a Riinghe-
lictle us welt Gom CoPlemill In his time, the Cattle.
building was ſo entirely deſtroy'd, that no part of it
was Viſible, but the Area of the Caſtle was eafie to be
trac'd, and the great round hill where the Keep or
Dungeon ſtood, complete.
Next is Sandje, || where have been diſcover- Sandy. _
ed ſome farther evidences of Antiquity ; namely,
glafs urns, and one red urn like Cora!, with an In-
ſcription.
CATTIEUVCHLANI.
Houghton-
| Conqueſt
-* Ibid.
Woburn.
ſcription. They have aſhes in them, and are in the
hands of a Gentleman in Bedford. At Cheſterfield
alſo there is a Roman-Camp,where there were coins
and urns digg'd up about the year 1670. ſome of
which were beſtow'd upon the Univerſity of Oxford
by Mr. Thomas Cryſty of Bedford. |
[ g ] South-welt from hence is Howg hton-Conqueſt,
where are two Common-fields, one call d Great-
Danes-field, and the other Little-Danesr-field * ; in both
of which are a great many Pits, ſome 15 foot dia-
meter, or thereabouts.
[ h ] More to the South-welſt, is Woburn , not far
from which there is dug up great ſtore of Fullers
earth, commonly call'd from the place Woburn-earth ;
a thing ſo very uſeful in Cloathing, that the tranſpor-
tation of it has been ſtrialy forbidden. :
[ i J Near the South-bounds of this County is
Dunſtaple, which one ſhould hardly believe upon the
authority of a Monkiſh writer to be denominated
from a famous robber Dws ; when the Saxon Dun,
and the old Gauliſh or Britiſh Dun«m does ſo well
anſwer the ſituation of the place, which (as our Au-
thor deſcribes it ) is billy and mowntainows, beginning
upon that long ridge of hills call'd Chi/rer» ; and be-
ſides, we have his judgment that 'tis very ancient.
+ There was a woman who livd , dyd, and was
bury'd in this town, that had ( as appears by her
- Epitaph ) nineteen Children at five births. Five at
ewo ſcveral births, and three together at three o-
thers.
FX k ] More to the weſt is Leighton or Leyton, || call'd
O Layton-buzzard, __ rom Beaudeſert ; about
half a mile from which is a Roman-Camp. And as
this ſhows the preſence of that people there ; ſo the
eminence of this town, even in the beginning of
the Saxon times, ſeemsto be prov'd from thoſe Con-
queſts of Curhwulph,in the year 571.wherein, among
others, he is faid by the Saxon-Annals to have taken
Lyzeanbuph , which ſeems to me much more pro-
rly to belong to this Leyton, than to Lowgbborrow in
{ ciceſterſbire, the place pitch'd upon by our Au-
thor. For, ſetting aſide that the Saxons generally
fixt in ſuch places as the Romans had been in ( an
obſervation that may be confirm'd by numbers of
inſtances,) the old name and new agree very well.
The termination bunÞ has a particular eye only to
the fortification that was then there ; and why might
not the Lyzean be as well melted into Lay or Leigh,
as the river Lyzea is now into Lee or Ley ? Beſides,
the courſe of his ViRtories does beſt ſuic this ; for he
went from LyzeanbupÞ to Ailesbury, and then to
Benſington in Oxfordfhire which almoſt lye in a di-
re line : whereas Lowghborow lyes out of the road.
Continuation of the E ARLS.
Edward, the laſt Earl mention'd by our Author,
marry'd the daughter of John Lord Harington , and
dy'd in 1627. without iſſue. Upon which, this ci-
tle came to Francs fon of William ( fourth ſon to
the laſt Francs Earl of Bedford,) and he was ſucceed-
ed by William his eldeſt ſon, who ſtill enjoys it.
More rare Plants growing in Bedfordſhire.
Caryophyllus minor re noltras. An Betonica
coronaria, ſive Caryophyllata repens rubra F.B. Creep-
ing wild Pink. On Sandy-hills, not far from an ancient
Roman Camp.
Gentianella fugax Autumnalis elatior, Centaurez
minoris foliis. An Gencianella fugax quarta Clus ? The
taller Auturrnal Gentian with Cemtory-like leaves. On Bay.
ton-bills wpon a wa#te chalky Pats pb Jou go out of Dun-
ſtable-way towards Gorckambury, Park. p. 407.
Glaſtum fativum Ger. Park. Ifatis ſativa vel latifolia
C.B. Iſatis ſeu Glaſtum ſativum F.B. Woad. This plant
is cultivated in this County, in this manner. They every year
ſow the ſeed ( it is never ſown above two years together, )
and pluck up the old Woad, unlefs it be ſaved for ſeed.
I is ſown about the beg mning of Mar ch,and cropt about
the midjt of May, thereafter as the leaf comes up.
ki it beſt in a fair and dry Summer, but moſt in a moiſt ;
then they crop ut four or five times according as it comes,
The firjt cropt 1s bett, every crop after worſe in order, and
the laſt worſt of all.
As (con as it's cropt it's carried tothe Woad-mill,and ground
as ſmall as it can be, until it becomes fit to ball.
When it 1 ball'd, a+ 4 lay the balls on hurdles to dry :
and when it 1s perfetty dry they grind the balls to powder
in the Mill as ſmall as « poſſible.
Thws ground, they throw it upon a floor, and water it,
which they call couching, and let it ſmoke and beat turning
it every x till it be perfettHy dry and mouldy, which they
call ſilvering.
When it 4s filvered, they weigh it by the hundred and
bag it, putting two bundred weig bt in a bag ; and ſo ſend
it to the Dier as fit for ſale, who tries how it will die, and
they ſet the price accordingly.
The bet Woad # uſually worth 18 1. per Tonn.
With the tinffure of thu Plant the ancient Britains were
wont to die their bodies, that they might appear more terri-
ble to therr enemies. The Romans call'd thus berb in Latin
Vitrum, witnef Czlar, Vitruvius, Mela, and Marcellus
_—_— which word being manifeſtly an mterpretation
of Glaſtum, it appears thence that laſls or Glaſle ſfigni-
fied the ſame thing to the ancient Britains that it doth to us:
and not to a blue colowr, as Mr. Camden tells w it now
doth to the Welſh. Why the Britains ſhould call thu herb
Glaſſle, I know no better reaſon than becauſe it reſembles
ſome kind of Glaſs in colour, which we know hath often «
tinfFure of blue in it,whence alſo a dilute blue is call d color
hyalinus.
Glaux Dioſcoridis. Dioſcorides hs Milk-tare. Upon
Barton-hills four miles ffom Lewton, Ger. p. 1242. Thu
bath been already mentioned in ſeverl Counties.
Melampyrum cryſtatum. Creſted Cow-wheat. Ste
the Synonymes in Cambridg ſhire. It # no leſs plentiful here
than there about Blunham and other places.
Ribes nigrum. Black Currans, Sqinancy-berries. By
the river ſide at Blunham and elſewhere.
—_ ——
<_
HERTFORDSHIRE.
'PON the Confines of Bedfordſhire,
toward the Eaſt and partly toward
one County in England that can ſhew more footſteps
of Antiquity,
the South, lieth Hertfordſhire, the third
of thoſe Counties ( as I ſaid before )
which were poſſeſſed by the Catti-
euchlani. Its Weſt-ſide bordereth up-
on Bedfordſhire and Buckinghamſhire ; the South-ſide of
it wholly upon Middleſex; the Eaſt upon Eſſex, and
the North uponCambridgeſbire. It is well furniſh'd with
corn-fields , paſture-ground , meadows | a ], little
woods ; and ſmall, but very clear ſtreams. And fo
eminent is it for ſeveral famous ancient places, that
as to that point, it may juſtly diſpute the preemi-
nence with its neighbours. For ſcarce is there any
Upon the very edge of this County to the North, Ry:
where it toucheth upon Cambridgeſhire ſtandeth Roj- V79%.
ſton, a town of much note, but not ancient ; as ha- ble.
ving riſen ſince the Norman Conqueſt. For in thoſe
days,there was a famous Lady named Royfis (by ſome ,,,.."c
ſuppoſed to have been Counteſs of Norfolk, ) who the v#?
ereted a Crofs upon the Road-ſide in this place *, \*: «
from thence for many years call'd Royſes-Crop ; Cut
till ſuch time as Euſtacbius de Marc founded juſt by it
a ſmall Munaſtery to the honour * of St. Thomas:
Upon this occafion Inns began to be built, and by
degrees it came to be a town, which inſtead of Koyſe's-
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HERTFORDSHIRE.
_— -— —__—_———
Royſton. Richard the firſt granted it a Fair, to be
kept at a {ct time, as allo a Market, which in our
days is very famous and much frequenred upon the
account of its Malt-trade. For it is almoſt incredible
what a multitude of Corn-merchants, Maltſters, and
the like dealers in Grain do weekly refort to this
Market ; and what a vaſt number of horſes laden
with corn, do on thole days fill all che roads about
it.
From hence Southward, Tharfield amongſt the tops
of ſome ſmall hills hangs over Roy#Fon. Here was
the ſeat of the moſt ancient Family of the Berners,
deſcended from Hugh de Berners, upon whom, as a
reward for the valour he had ſhown in the Norman
Conqueſt,/il:am the Conqueror beltow'd a fair eſtate
in Ever/don in Cambridgſhire. And to that degree of
reputation did his poſtericy arrive, that Sir * Foby
Bourchier , who married the ſole heireſs of this family,
had the title of Lord Berners, upon his being crea-
ted a Baron by King Edward the fourth.
Not far from hence lyeth Nucelles, a place former-
But all its
reputation was took from the Barons de Scales, who
were originally of Norfolk, but heirs to the Roffes.
For King Edward the firſt, for the great ſervices he
had performed in the Scotch wars , granted to * Ro-
bert de Scales certain lands then worth 300 marks
per annum, and ſummoned him amongſt his Barons to
Parliament. The Armsof this family are Gules with
fix Eſcallops Argent, which I have ſeen in ſeveral pla-
ces. They flouriſh'd till the reign of Edward the
fourth, when che only daughter and heireſs thereof
was married to 5 Anthony Widevile Earl * Rivers.
Whom as his ſiſter's marriage with the King , and
his own moſt ſignal valour raiſed ; fo the malice of
his enemies never left purſuing him, till they brought
him to his end. For Richard the third be-
headed him , though he had no way deſerved it.
Afffer the death of this Earl's Lady , who left no
_—
place, as well as its neighbour Hirching , Antiquity is
wholly filent | b]. |
From thence is Wimondley, ſeated in a well-cyltiva-
ted and rich foil, an ancient and famous Mahour,
which is held by the molt honourable tenure ih this
Kingdom, (the Lawyers call it Grand Serjeanty, ) by
which the Lord thereof is bound upon the Corona-
tion-day _—_— the firſt Cup to the King of Eng.
land,and for that time to be as it were the Royal Cup-
bearer. This Honour with reſpe& to the Lordſhip,
was enjoyed, towards the beginning of the Norman
times, by a noble family who had the name of Firz-
Tecs ; from whom it came by a daughter to the A4r-
gentons. Theſe derived both their name and pedigree
from David de Argenton, a Norman Souldier, who
ferved in the wars under William the Conquerour; in
memory whereof they long time gave for their
Arms Three Cups Argent in a field Gules. But art length,
upon failure of iſſue male in the reign of Henry the
ſixth , Elizabeth Argenton, who was ſole inheritrix,
brought to her husband Sir William Allington Ke. a
very fair eſtace together with this honour;from whom
the ſeventh in the lincal deſcent is the preſent 7 Giles
Allington, a young Gentleman of an obliging and
truly generous temper,whoſe many vertues are liketo
adda new luſtreto theancient reputation of this family.
Hard by , near the high-road between Stewen-
haugh, and Knebworth the ſeat of the famous family
of the Litrons *, I ſaw certain hills caſt up of a con-
liderable bigneſs ; which are ſuch as the old Romans
were wont to raiſe for Souldiers ſlain in battel ,
where the firſt turf was laid by the General. Unleſs
one ſhould rathes ſuppoſe them to have been placed
as limits : for it was an ancient cuſtom to raiſe fuch
little hills ro mark out the bounds of places, and un-
derneath them to lay aſhes, coals, lime, broken pot-
place [ c] t.
Lower, but more to the South, lyes the head of the
iſſue, the inheritance was divided in the time of
Henry the ſeventh, berween John Earl of Oxford
and Sir William Tindale Kt. who were found to be
next in blood and coheirs; the former by the How-
ard;, the latter by the Bigods of Felbridge *.
Lower eaſtward ſtandeth 4ſhwel, that is,the Foun-
tain among Aſhes, a good large country village, and
tull of houſes. Ir ſtands juſt upon the northern bor-
der of the County in a low ground, and is famous
for Springs which here break forth out of the ſide of
a ſtony bank or creek, covered all over and ſhaded
with tall Aſhes. Hence the water flows continually
in ſo large a quantity, that it's whole current being
at a ſmall diſtance colle&ed into a chanel, ſerves to
drive a Mill, and quickly after becomes a conſidera
ble river. From theſe Wells and Aſhes together, as
it is moſt certain that the Engliſh-Saxons impoſed
this modern name of Aſhwell, ſo I was formerly of
Opinion, that the ancient Britains, who were wont
to give divine honours to mountains, rivers , foun-
tains, and groves, as Gildas hath obſerved, had ac-
cordingly on the ſame account, and in the very ſame
lenſe, given to this place the name of Magioninium,
and that it was the old Magioninium of Antoninus.
But * time hath now informed me better ; and I am
not aſham'd co change my opinion in this point : it
5 not my humour to be fond of my own miſtakes.
And yet this place has its Antiquity evidenc'd by a
large ſquare fortification hard by ; which by the Ro-
man coins there frequently found, ſhows whoſe work
it has been. Alſo in Domeſday-book (which contains
the Survey of all England, taken by William che
Conquerour above Foo years ago ) it is expreſly
termed a Borrowg h.
which with a very gentle ſtream paſſeth firſt by /ber-
rom thence it runs by Broker-hall , the ſeat of the
Knightly-family of the Brockets ; and Woodball,the ſear
of the Butlers, who being deſcended from the Ba-
rons of Wem, by marriage came to enjoy the
eltate of the Gob;ons, Thence ir comes near to
Biſhops- Hatfield, a town ſeated upon the (ide of a hill,
on the upper part whereof ſtandeth a very fair houſe,
which now belongs to the King , as it did before to
the Biſhops of Ely; which was re-built and much beau-
tified by John Morton Bp. of Ely. For K. Edgar gave
40 bides in thisplace to the Church of Ely [d |]. Hence
Bede is written Herudford, in that place where he
treats of a Synod there holden A. D. 670. which
name ſome will have to ſignifie the Red Ford, others
the Ford of Harts [e]. This town in the time of
William the Conquerour, as we find in Dooms-day
book, diſcharg'd it ſelf for ten hides, and there were in
it 26 Burgeſſes *. But in our days it 1s neither well
peopled, nor much E298 : and only conſidera-
ble for its antiquity : for the whole County hath
taken its name from it, and it ſtill continues the
Shire-town. Tt hath a Caſtle ſeated upon the river
Lea, which is thought to have been built by Edward
the elder, and*enlarged firſt by the tzmily of Clare,
to whom 1t beotted For Gislebert de Clare about
che time of Henry che ſecond, had the ricle of Earl
from this Herudford, and Robert Fitz-walter,who was
More to the South I ſaw Baldoc a Market-town,
—
of the ſame houſe of Clare, when King Srephen ſeiz-
—
| —
=
« He has upon ſecond thoughts plac'd it at Dunſtaple in B:dford(hire.
3 Sir Johm. + Sir Robert, 5s Sir Anthony.
fare, Beyond which, is Burley, that imparted ſirname to the ancient and well ally'd family
© of Tork : and in elder times, the Caſtle there was a neft of rebels :
they rais'd ſonce the Barons wars againſt his father
"mg ſongs the OR of the
4 expreſly commanded by He
whaly PAY it all. 1 Sir Gila.
JI” St, Albaii's Monks,
3. 80 demaliſh ſo much of it as
6 The Manour of Barkway hereby appertain'd
s D-ſconded from Litcon in Darbyſbire.
alſo to thoſe Lords Scales, # well known throus '>
the Barleys ; and on this fide Aneltie, which was nr
. whereforve Nicholas of Aneltic Lord thereof,
, 1 King John. But now time hath
9 And at that time Ralph Limſcy a noble man built here 4 Cell
cd
3-3
ſeated upon a whitiſh fort of ſoil; concerning which
Winondley
G:and Ser
Jcanty.
Ficz-Tecs.
Argentons.
ſherds, &-c. as I will ſhew more at large in another + In the
County of
Northaimp=-
ron.
river Lea, heretofore by our Ancettors calld Ligean, Lea.
bamited, a place very fruitfulin whear, from whence Whetham-
alſo it took its name, John of 1 Iherbamſed there |*De loco
born, and thence fo named, *was by his learning a trumeurs-
| I ornament to it, in the days of Henry the fixth.
Woodhall.
B.ſhops
Harhcid,
Lea paſſeth on to Hertford, which in ſome copies of Hertford.
9 Inſpexi-
mus H. 6.
Fortunium.
1241.
Tourna-
N;Cnts.
Neubrigen-
hs l. Fo C: 4+
Marth. Par.
An. 1248.
Furn:vall.
- —_
ed into his hands all the Caſtles of England, conhi-
dencly told the King himſelf (as we read in Matthew
Paris) that by ancient right the cuſtody of that Ca-
{tle belong'd ro him. Afterward it came to the
Crown, and King Edward the third granted to his
fon John of Gaunt, then Earl of Richmond, alter-
ward Duke of Lancaſter, 14 Ca#le, together with rhe
Town and Henour of Hertford ; that there (as the words
run in the Grant) he might keep a houſe ſurtable to bu
euality, and have a decent babitation. _
From hence the river Lea in a ſhort Courſe reach-
eth Iare, fo named from a fort of damm anciently
made there to ſtop the current , commonly calld a
IFeare or a Ware ( f |. This Town was from the
firſt very prejudicial to Hertford , and now by its
populouſneſs hath as it were eclips'd it. For in the
time of the Barons Wars with King John, under the
countenance and protection of it's Lord the Baron
of Wake, it preſumed to turn the high-road thi-
ther *'; for before that time no wagons could
® paſs thither over the river, by reaſon of a chain
drawn croſs the bridge, the key whereof was always
in the cuſtody of the Bailiff of Hertford. Much
about the ſime time Gilbert Marſhal Earl of Pem-
broke, then the principal Pcer of England, proclaim-
ed a Tournament at this place under the name of a
Fortuny, deſigning thereby to affront, or at leaſt to
elude the force f the King's Proclamation, by which
Tournaments had been prohibited. This drew hi-
ther a very great concourſe of Nobility and _— -
and when he came himſelf to make his Career, his
horſe unfortunately broke the bridle and threw him, |
and he was in a miſerable manner trampl'd to death.
Theſe Tournaments were publick exerciſes of Arms
practis'd by Noblemen and Gentlemen ; and were
more than meer ſports or diverſions. They were
firſt inſticuted ( if we may believe Munſter ) in the
Fn of our Lord $34. and were always managed
y their own particular laws, which may be ſeen in
the ſame Author. A long time, this practice was
continued in all parts to that degree of madneſs, and
with ſo great a ſlaughter of perſons of the beſt qua:
lity, eſpecially here in England, where it was firſt
brought in by King Stephen ; that the Church was
forced by ſeveral Canons expreſly to forbid them,
with this penalty annexed, That whoever ſhowld
happen therein to be lain, ſhould be denied Chri-
ſtian Burial. And under King Henry 3. by advice
of Parliament it was alſo enacted, that the Offenders
eſtates ſhould be forfeited, and their children be diſ-
inherited. And yer in contempt of that good law,
this evil and pernicious cuſtom long prevailed, and
was not wholly laid aſide till the Reign of King
Edward 3. (s]
Betwixt thele two towns, Ware and Hertford, which
are ſcarce two miles afunder, Lea is augmented by
ewo ſmall rivers, that fall into it from the north.
Aſſer names them * Mimera and Beneficia. I ſhould
gueſs that to be the Beneficia upon which ſtands Ben-
ington, where the Benſteds, a noted family, had for-
merly a ſmall Caſtle '**. And that to be the Mirmrera
which paſſeth by Pukerich, a place that obtain'd the
privilege of a Fair and Market by the Grant of
Edward 1. procured by the intereſt of William /e
Bland **, Fchind Puckerich Mwunden Farnivall pre-
ſents it fe!f, which deſerves mention on this account,
'+ that it had for its Lord Gerard de Furnivall (from
whom allo it took it's name ) a younger ſon of Ge-
rard Furnivall of Shefhield. But now let us return to
the river Lea and the town of Ware, as far as which
place the Danes came up the river 1n their light Pin-
naces, as Aſſer relateth it, and there built a Fort :
which when King Alfred could not take by force,
he digged three new Chanels, and ſo turned the wa-
ters of the Lea out of their old courſe, to cut off their
CATTIEUCHLANI.
GOT IRR o__— = NT D—— — ——— — ——— — —_ -* my —_
wares, corn, &c. The Lea, ſoon after it hath left
Ware, takes into it from the eaſt a ſmall river named
Srort, which firſt runneth by Biſhops Srertferd, a little xo,
town, fortified formerly with a ſmali Caltle ſtanding 4
upon an hill, raiſed by art within a little iſland [h |,
Which Caſtle William the Conquerour gave to the
Biſhops of London ; whence it came to be called
Biſhops Stortford. Put King John out of hatred to
Biſhop * W. demoliſh'd it '5. From thence it paſſeth
on to Hun{don, which place, by the favour of Queen
73 : "Y ; | -—O"—
ficer fom returning , that from that time the river
| was of no great uſe to the neighbourhood ; untill it
How not long ſince reſtored to it's ancient Chanel,
and made more commodious for the conveyance of
) 2\Migs
i!!;s «
my
-
EY”
Elizabeth, gave the ticle of Baron to Sir Henry gw.
Cary then Lord Chamberlain. For beſides that he U=iw,
was deſcended from that family of the Dukes of $o-
merſet which was of the Blood Royal, he alſo was
by his mother Mary Bolen, Couſin-German to Qu.
Elizabeth. The Lea having now receiv'd this ſmall
river, haſt'neth on with a more full and bri:k current
toward the Thames '*; and in it's paſlage thither, as
it were chearfully ſalutes Theobald-bouſe commonly Thxz::
called Tibauld's, a place, than which, as to the Fa.
brick, nothing can be more neat ; and as to the Gar.
dens, the Walks, and Wilderneſſes, nothing can be
more pleaſant | i |]. This Houſe was built by that
Neſtor of Britain, the right honorable Baron Bur.
leigh Lord Treaſurer of England, to whom more
| particularly this river owns it felt obliged for the re-
; Covery of it's ancient Chanel.
But now let us return to the heart of the County,
where are places more ancient. Twelve miles «eit-
ward from Hertford ſtood Yerolanium, in oid time a
very famous City. Tacitus calls it Verulamium ; Ptc- Verizy
| lemy Urolanium, and Verolamium. The ſituation of
| this place is very well known to have been cloſe by
the town of St. Albans in Carho Hunered, ( which &: als
' Hundred was, without duubt, in old time inhabited
by thoſe Caſſz, of whom Cxfar makes mention.) T he
| Saxons Call'd it Warlinga-cepcen, from the famous
high-way named Warlmgſtreat ; and Weplam.ceajrep.
| Neither hath it as yet loſt it's ancient name ; tor it
1s ſtill commonly call d Yerulam, altho' nothing of it
' now remains but ruins of walls, checquer'd pave-
ments, and Roman Coins now and then digg'd up
\there [ k ]J. It was ſeated upon the ſide of an eaſie
' hill, which faced the eaſt ; and was fortified with very
| ſtrong walls, a double rampire, and deep trenches
' toward the ſouth. And on the eaſt part it had a
{mall rivulet, which formerly made on that fide a
large Mere or ſtanding water : whereupon, it has
been conjetur'd that this was the town of Coſſibelimus Cl"
lo well defended by the woods and marſhes, which *
was taken by Cafar. For there is not ( that I know
of ) any other Mere hereabouts. In Nero's time it
was eſteemed a Municipium, which occaſion'd Nini-
us, in his catalogue of Cities, to call it Caer- Mwnicip.
So that there is no doubt but this was that Caer Merm:-
cipium which Hubert Goltzius found in an old In-
ſcription. Theſe Municipia were Towns, whoſe in- 1
habitants enjoyed the rights and privileges of Roman
citizens. And the name was framed 4 muneribus ca-
piends, 1.e. from their capacity to bear publick Offi-
ces in the Commonwealth, "Theſe Munricipia, as to
orders and degrees, had their Decuriones, their Fquites
or Gentlemen, and their Commons ; as to their pub-
lick Council, a Senate and People ; as to their Magi-
{trates and Prieſts, their Duumwir: and Triumwiri to
adminiſter juſtice ; and allo their Cenſors, AXdils,
Quzſtors, and Flamins. But whether this our YVera-
lam was a Municipium with Suffrages; or without, 1s
not eaſie to determine. A AMunicipium with Suffrages
they call'd that, which was capable of publick ho-
nours, as they called the other which was uncapable
— ———-_— —— _ —_—
C_—————_—
+ Theſe rwo rivers are call'd by the Saxon Chronicle Memera and Benefica. * William de $, Maria, made Biſhop An. 1 199. the ſame year that
King came to the Crown.
And at that time Ralph Limſcy, a Nobleman, built here a Cell for S. Albans Menks.
being branch'd from Sir Ralph Butler Baron of Wem in Shropſhire, and his wife heir to William Pamtvlfe Lora of Wew, were Lera's of Pulte: 2h,
zobion, and another of Peletot Lord of chis place in the time of K. Eaw. 3.
boureth Standon, with a ſeemly houſe built by Sir Ralph Sadleir, Chancellour of the Dutcky of Lancaſter, Frixy-Comnſ. fer to three Priuct. and 3/8 13)
is great Services and ſtay'd wiſdom.
a parcel of the honour of Eari iiam Mandevile, ard jomet ine the poſt fjicn of Gefftry Say, 7647
l 4 of ancient G:ntry. So on, net far from Honſdon, Cc.
jair, :0 which H. Bourchicr Earl of Efex, having @ fair houſe at Baile thereby ( w/ tle it ſtood) procur'ad a merket,
and enrich'd much by an heir of Sir Richard
Knight Banneret of England ; a man ſo advanc'd f
1s From thence it maketh 1s way by Sabri
Shingle-hsll, honefted by the owners the Levent
2 4nd alſe Wocdhall, an katitaticn cf 11 Boilers, 7/9
1: 1; mererpon 4jo ne, of
14 That Gefirey Ear! of Britain gave
'$ 190%,
—m—_—
$\ 244; ®
it ts Gerard, © &
ic Unger liccldon, @ fair ring
- 6
a Muni
HERTEFO
— — — — — ———
RDSHIRE.
{ame Nero, when Bunduica or Boadicia, Queen ©
which Suetonius makes mention in theſe words
' Ye-1lam
FM \la'-
bt tizens and their Allies.
riſhed again, and
i #..;
rew to a very great eminency
And I have ſeen ſeveral pieces of ancient money,
which in all probability were coined at this place,
with this Inſcription, TASCIA ; and on the reverſe
' VER. which that moſt inquiſitive and learned An-
tiquary David Powel S. T. D. interpreteth to be the
+, what Tribute of Verulam. For Taſc ( as he tells me) in
the Britiſh tongue ſignifies Tribute, Taſcia a Tribute-
£ 0gn16S,
penny, and Taſcyd the chief Colleftor of Tribute
But you may here, if you pleaſe, view the Coyn once
more ; tor I have given you a ſight of it before.
Some will have it, that theſe pieces were coyned
before the coming in of the Romans. But I am not
of their mind. For I have always thought them to
have been the Tribute-money which the Romans
(as I obſerv'd before) were wont every year to raiſe
by Poll, and by a Land tax together. For before
the Romans coming, I can ſcarce think that the Bri-
tains ever coyned money. And = I am not un-
mindful oft what C zlar writes of them : They uſe,
ſaith he, braſ-money, or rings of iron made to a certam
weight ; where ancient Copies have Lances ferres,
jor which che Criticks have ſubſtituted Lamins fer-
rew, 1, e. Plates of iron. Bur ic would be impertinent
here to repeat my former diicourſe upon this ſubject.
Let us therefore return to the buſineſs in hand.
Now as to Verulam, no one thing ever refleted fo
much honour upon ir, as that once it brought forth
St, Alban, a man juſtly eminent for his piety and ſtea-
dinels in the Chriſtian Fauch : who, when Dioclefian
by all forts of torments endeavoured the total extir-
pation of the Chriſtian Religion, with an invincible
conſtancy of mind ſuttered Martyrdom the firſt man
in all Britain. For which reaton he is called Our
""* Stephen, and the Protomartyr of Britain ; and Fortu-
Mi natus Presbyter thus mentions him :
Albanum coregium fucunda Britannia profert.
And ftruitul Br:rain holy Alban ſhews.
Alſo Hiericus a Frenchman, who flouriſhed 500
. Years ſince, gives an account in verſe of the ſame
1 St. Alban's Martyrdom ; and alſo how his Execu-
-** tioner was by a miracle {tricken blind.
Millia pznarum Chriſti pro nomine paſſme,
Quem tandem rapuit capitss ſententia c@ſi.
Sed non liftori c{{it res tuta ſuperbo,
Utque caput Santto, ceciderunt lumina ſ&v0.
Atrer a thouſand ſufferings for the Faith, - '
When judg'd at laſt ro end them all with death
The bloody Li#er did juſt heav'n ſurpriſe,
And es ths Saint his head, the villain lot his eyes.
In an old Agonal, or Hiſtory of his paſſion, we are
told that the Citizens of Verulam cauſed an account
of his ſuffering to be expreſſed on a marble ; which
they plac'd in their town walls, as a publick diſgrace
to him, and a terror to-all Chriſtians. But after
wards, when the blood of Martyrs had overcome the
crueity of Tyrants, the Chriſtians built a Church
here to his memory, which, as Bede tells us, was a
piece of moſt admirable workmanſhip. And now
a Munitipium without Suffrages. In the reign of the
che Iceni, out of an inveterate hatred had raiſed a
bloody war againſt the Romans, this rown ( as Tactr-
tus writeth ) was by the Britains entirely ruined. Of
Theſe miſeries, which were the effetts of that Prince's in- | the
# humanity, were attended with a maſſacre in Britain, | Bi
where || two of the chiefeft towns in that Iſland were taken
and ſack'd, with a dreadful ſlaughter both of Roman Ci-
Yer afterward this City flou-
fell into the hands of the Saxons. But Uther the Bri-
tain, for his ſerpentine ſubtilty firnam'd Pendrago ,
with much difficulty, after a very tedious ſiege, re-
covered it. After whoſe death it quickly fell again
into the ſame hands. For Gildas's words do plainly
enough intimate, that the Saxons in his dr1ys were
poſſeſſed of this City. God, faith he, bath lighted u
unto ws the moit clear Lamps of hus Saints, whoſe heviet.
places, as well as the places of their paſſion, might excite
in our fouls a great fervour of divine love every time we
bad caft our eyes upon them, if as a puniſhment to our
great wickedneſi, the Barbarians bad not been ſuffered to
rob ws of them. I particularly mean St. Alban at Veru-
lam, &c. Verulam was now quite ruined by theſe
wars, when about the year of our Lord 793. Offa,
che moſt potent King of the Mercians, founded juſt
over againſt it, in a place then called Holmehur;t, a
very large and ſtately Monaſtery co the memory of
St. Alban, or as the Charter it (lf expreſſeth it, unto
our Lord Feſus Chrift, and to St. Alban the Martyr,
whoſe Reliques the divine Grace hath diſcovered, as an
hopeful ple both of our preſent proſperity, and alſo of our
future bappinef, Preſently hereupon, together with
the Monaſtery, there grew up a town, which from
the Saint took the name of St. Albans. This Kin
Offa, and ſeveral other Kings of England his face?
ſors, beltowed upon this Monaſtery very large poſ-
ſeflions, and obtained for it alſo from divers Popes
very ample privileges. I will here recite a paſſage ro
that purpoſe out of Florilegus, that you may therein
obſerve the extraordinary liberality of our Princes to
the Church. Thus therefore he. © The moſt mighty
* ther lands round about it, as may be ſeen in this K.'s
« Charter, kept to this day in the faid Monaſtery.
© Theimmunities alſo and privileges of this Monaſtery
© areſolarge and peculiar, that it is exempt from pay-
<ing the Apoſtolical duty or tax to the Pope, common-
e Archbiſhop, nor any Biſhop. Abbot, or Prior
© or any other perſon whatſoever in the whole King-
© dom, is exempted from this payment * this alone is
* exempt. Furthermore, the Abbot, or a Monk that
* acts as Archdeacon under him, exercifeth Epiſcopal
* Juriſdiction over all che Clergy and Laity reſiding
© upon any of the lands appertaining to this Monaſte-
©ry ; fo that the Abbot hereof is nor ſubject to any
e Archbilbop, Biſhop, or any Legate whatſoever, but
* to the Pope alone. This alſo delerves our Obferva-
© tion, that when that great Prince Offa made a gitt ry
© out of his Kingdom; he obtained of the Pope this
* particular privilege for the Church of St. Alban the
© Protomartyr of England,chat that Church might col-
©le&, and retain to it's own uſe when colle&ted. all
j* the Romeſcot or Peter-pence throughout Hertfordſhire,
Veralam came to be ſo much reverenced for it's ſan-
f| tity, that An. Dom. 429. a Synod was here held up.
on occaſion of the Pelagian Hereſie, which was ſpread
a-new over this Iſland by Agricola, ſon to Severianus
a Biſhop; and had fo generally infe&ed the Britith
: | Churches, that ro make good the Orthodox Faith,
were forced to ſend into France for German
p of Auxerre, and Lupus Biſhop of Troies ; who
confuting the hereſie, thereby rendred themſelves ve-
ry venerable to the Britains; eſpecially St. German,
as appears by the many Churches dedicated to hm
. |in this Iſland. Particularly, there is ſtill ſtanding
near the walls of this ruined city, a ſmall Chapel,
that bears that Saint's name, tho' otherwiſe bur il! ><a 100
employed. ' It ſtands juſt in the place where St. Ger- ©
man preached to che people; for which tradition we
have the authority of ſome ancient Records of St. Al.
ban's Church. We are told farther by Conſtantius
(who lived at the ſame time) in the lite of St. Ger-
. | man, that he cauſed the Sepulchre of St. Alban to
be opened, and placed therein che Reliques of cer-
tain Saints, that /o they whom one heaven bad received,
might alſo be laid in ene ſepulchre. By the way I take
notice of this, that we may thence colle& what was
the cuſtom of that Age. Not long after, Yerulam
© K. Offa gave to S. Alban the Protomartyr a town of
* the Royal Demeſne, which is diſtant about 2o miles
* from Verulam, and is called f Uneſlaw, and many o- # Perhaps
IWinc{i3w.
* the Pope of the Petey-pence, commonly called Romeſcor ,
n
St. Albans:
Cly called || Romeſcot ; whereas neither the King, nor 4 That is, of
c J every h:ule
3 a penny.
—_ As Ig WI oo eed. A pig. cw 4 - ub
- - * ———_ r
= Ce eto ” —_
— ———
UE
CATTIEUCHLANI ©
Cm neem IR
- — DO —_— ——O——— CR ————
© in which County that Church ſtandeth. Where-
© fore as the Church ir (elf, by the King's grant,enjoys
© all manner of Royalties, ſo the Abbot of the place
©for the time being hath a!l Epiſcopal Ornaments”.
Alſo Pope Hadrian & who was born near Verulam,
granted to the Abbas of this Monaſtery ( theſe are
the words of the Privilege ) That as = Alban org |
known to be the Protomartyr of rhe Engliſh Nation, ſo the | ris ab aaa entic ative fare.
. <bbes of bu Moveſter) bould in al rimes be repered Fe | FHic hocws > rar" ——_ alumnos,
firit in dignity of all 1he Abbots in England. Neither | Felix gximio Mertyre, gente, fits.
atte; war : did the Abbots neglect any PRISICH lar chat | Miluat bic Chri#ts, notteque dieque labori
might be either uſeful or ornamental co it ; filling up | Invigilas ſanto Religioſa cohors.
with earth that very Jarge Pool or Mere, which lay
under the town of Verulam. "The memory of this
Pool remains in a certain {treet of che town till called
Fiſlpool-jtreer. Near which when certain Anchors 1n In gradual knowledge here my mindincreaft,
this age happen'd to be found in digging, ſome men | Here the firſt ſparks of glory tir'd my brealt.
( led into that miltake by a corrupted place in Gildas) | Hail noble town ! where fame ſhall ne're forget
reſently concluded, that the Thames had formerly | The Saint, the citizens, and happy fear.
had it's courle this way. But concerning this Mere or | Here heaven's true Soldiers with unwearied care
F;ſhpool, take, if you pleaſe, what is written by an | And pious labour wage the Chrittian war.
ancient hiſtorian®= Alfricus the Abbot purchaſed for a :
great ſum of money 8 large and deep pond called Fiſhpool, | But now the old Verulam is turned into Corn- |
which was very prejudicial by it's wicinity to the Church | helds, and It. Albans fouriſheth, which roſe UP Out N.-aarg
of St. Alban. For the Fiſhery belonged to the Crown, and | of the ruins of ie; a neat and large town. The
the King's Officers and others that came to fiſh in it were | Church of the ſaid Monaſtery is {till in being a
bebe and chargeable to the Monaſtery and the Monks. pile of buiiding, which tor its largeneſs , beauty,
The ſaid Abbot therefore drein'd all the water out of ths | and antiquity, may juſtly challenge a particwar re-
Pool, and reduc'd it to dry land. 'gard. When the Monks were turned out, it was by
If I thould lay any great ſtreſs on the Stories com- | the towns-men purchaſed for four hundred pound
mon among{t the people, and ſhould upon that bot. | ( otherwiſe it had been laid even with the ground ;)
tom tell you what great (tore of Roman Coins , how | and was converted into a parochial Church. lt
many images of gold and filver, how many veſſels, | hath in ic a @e; noble Font of ſolid braſs, wherein
kow many matble pillars, how many capitals, in | the Children of the Kings of Scotland were wont to ;
tine, how many wonderful pieces of ancient work | be baptized. Which Font Sir Richard Lea, Malter oo LY
have been here fetch'd out of the earth; I could not | of the Pioneers, brought hither amongſt the reſt of the 2
in reaſon expe&t to be crediced. However , this | the ſpoils taken in the Scotch wars, and gave it to **
Here holy A4/ban citizen of Rome,
Obtain'd the happy crown of martyrdom.
And in another place ;
Hic locus atatis noſtre primordia novit
Annos felices, letitieque dies:
Hic locus ingenumns pueriles imbait annos
Here my firſt breath with happy ſtars was drawn,
Here my glad years and all my joys began.
Anchors
digg'd up.
Aaurt the
year 959,
ſhort account which follows take upon the credit of
an ancient Hiſtorian, Ealred the Abbot, in the reign of
K. Edgar, ſearching out the old ſubterraneows vaults of Ve-
rulam, broke them all down, and ftop'd uy all the ways |
and ſubterranecns paſſages which were arched over head |
very artificially, and wery firmly built ;* ſome whereof were
carried under the water, which in old time almoſt encom-
paſſed thz whole city. Thw be did, becauſe theſe were
ordinary lurking places of thieves and whores. He alſo
fled wp the aitches of the city, and opt wp certam caves |
4
tbereabouts, hither malefatt ors wſe to fly for ſhelter. Bu
feund fit for building. Hard by the bank they happen'd
upon certain oaken planks,which had nails ſticking in them,
and were covered over with pitch, as alſo ſome other ſhip-
ping-tackle, particularly, Anchors half eaten with ruſt, and
Ours of fr. And a lictle atter, © Eadmer his Succeſſor
© went:orward with the work which Ealdred had be
* gun,and his diggers levelled the foundations of a pa-
<lace in the middle of the old city, and in a hollow
* place in the wall, contrived like a ſmall cloſet, the
happend upon books having covers of oak, and ſilk
© ſtrings to them ; one whereof contain'd the life of
«© &. Alban written in the Bricith language ; the reft
© ceitain Pagan Ceremonies. And when they had
© open'd the earth to a greater depth, they met with
© old: {tone-tables, tiles alſo and pillars, pots, and great
* earthen veſlels neatly wrought, and others of; plals
© containing the aſhes of the dead, &c. And at laſt,out
© of theſe remains of old Yerular, Eadmer built a new
© Monaſtery to St. Alban”. 'T hus much as to the Anti-
quity and Dignity of Verulam. Now as to the prai.
ſes of the place, give me leave to add this Hexaſtic
of Alexander Necham, who was born there 4co years |
ago.
Urbs mſigns erct Verelamia, plas operoſe
Arti, nature debuit 4lla mins.
Pendragon Arthuri Patrs bec obſeſſa laborem
Septenmem fprevit cive ſuperba [uo.
Hic eſt Meartyrit reſeo decoratus honore
Albans civis, mclyta Rema, tuns.
To ancient Verulam a famous town
Much kindnefs art hath ſhow'd, but nature none.
Great Arthur's fire Pendragcs's utmoſt power
For f{zven long years did the proud walls endure.
z
'TAS
'
|
:
:
,
but I am apt to think was the Camp of Offorizs the
this Church ; whereon is to be read this proud In
{cription :
CUM LAX THIA OPIDUM APUD SCO-
TOS NON INCELEBRE,ET E DIN-
BURGUS PRIMARIA APUD EOS CIVL
INCENDIO CONFLAGRARENT,
RICHARDUS LEUS EQUES AURA.
TUS ME FLAMMIS EREPTUM AD AN-
GLOS PERDUXIT. HUJUS EGO TAN-
TI BENEFICIIl MEMOR NON NISI
he laid aſide all the whole tiles , and all ſuch ſtones as be REGUM LIBEROS LAVARE SOLIT US,
NUNC MEAM OPERAM ETIAM INFEL
UM LIBENTER CON.
OR SIC VOLUIT.
MINI M.D. XL.
HENRICI OCTA-
When Leith, a town of good account in Scotland ,
and Edinburgh the 7 rug city of that Nation were
on fire, Sir Richard Lea Knight ſaved me out of the
flames, and brought me into England. In gratitude to
him for thu bs Lindnef I who . heretofore ſerved only at
the baptiſm of the Children of Kings, do now moſt i.-
langly offer the ſame ſervice even to the meaneſt of th:
Engliſh Nation. Lea the Conquerour hath ſo commanded.
A ith. A. D. IF43. mT the 36th year of Kin Henry
the 8th[ 1]. :
But to return to our buſinels. As Antiquity hath
conſecrated this place to Religion, ſo Mars ſeems to
have made it a ſeat of war. 'To pals by others ; when
our Nation had now almoſt ſpent as it were its vital
{pirics, in the Civil wars between the two Houles of
York and Lancaſter ; there were two battels fought
within this very town, by the heads of the ewo par-
ties, with various ſucceſs. In the firſt tight, Richard
| Duke of York defeated the Lancaſtrian party, took
King Henry the ſixth priſoner, and flew a great
many perſons of the beſt quality. Bur four years at-
cer,the Lancaſtrians had the advantage under the con-
dut of Queen Margaret, routed the Yorkilts , and
recovered their King | m |.
About this town (to omit a certain fort in the
neighbourhood, which the vulgar call che O;Fer-bills,
Pro-
>
$4'ſ0
. coming his character. Near to this place lyeth Red-
=- through Berkhamſted. In this
HERTFORDSHIRE.
Proprztor) the Abbots erected ſeveral pious and cha-
ricable foundations; as a little Nunnery at Sopwel,
and St. Fulian's Holpical tor Lepers; and another na-
med St. Mary * de Pree for infirm women. Near
which they had a great Manour named Goram-
bery, where '7 Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the
Great Seal of England , hath ere&ed a ſtructure be-
borne, which in modern language fignifieth a Red.
water. And yet the water that runneth by this place **
is no more red, than that of the Red-Sea Ir was
a place in old time very famous for the Reliques
which were there found of Amphibalns the Martyr,
who was the perſon that firſt inſtrufted St. Alban in
the Chriſtian Faith ; for which faith he alſo ſuffer'd
under Diocleſian. At preſent it is moſt remarkable
for the old military high-way, commonly call d Wat-
lImgſtree, upon which it is ſeated; and alſo for a cer-
tain brook near it , call'd + Wenmer , which (as the
vulgar believe ) when ever it breaks out and ſwells
higher than uſual, always portends dearth or trou-
bleſome times [n]. Near unto this, we have reaſon
to look for Duro-co-brive, a ſtation of which Antoni-
nus makes mention,though indeed the diſtance would
perſwade us otherwiſe. For Redborne in our lan-
guage,and Dur-cob in the Britiſh or Welch tongue, ſig-
nitie one and the ſame thing,to wit Red water.Now to
ſearch after the ſituation of ancient places, we have
of the great roads,the reaſon and ſimilitude of names,
and rivers or lakes adjoyning ; —_— they do not |
exatly correſpond to the ſeveral diſtances that are
allign'd in the Irinerarie ; which may very well be
ſince corrupted,and the paſſage from one place to ano-
ther cut ſhorter. Certainly the old Duro-co-brive muſt
needs have been ſeated in the ſame place where that
Roman high-way croſſed this water , to wit, below |
Flamited. For juſt at this place, at ſeven miles di-
ſtance from Verulamium, (though now through the
negligence of tranſcribers the number is chang'd to
twelve,) a good large ſpring riſeth at the road-ſide,
and croſſeth it with a ſmall ſtream; which though
here it have no name, yet below St. Albans itis call'd
wat Col. And as to that termination Brive, which is an
adjun&t to the names of very many places, it ſigni-
fied ( as I ſuppoſe ) among the ancient Britains and
| More to the South lyeth Kings-Lang
no better guides than ancient Inſcriptions, the courle |
© the Church of St. Alban, and upon the holy Evan
*geliſts, which the Abbot Fretheric adminiſtred, That
* he would inviolably obſerve all the good, approv'd,
* and ancient Laws of the Kingdom, which the molt
f facred and pious Kings of England his Predeceflors,
* and eſpecially King Edward, had eſtabliſhed”, Bur
moſt of theſe Noblemens eſtates he foon after ſeized
and confiſcated , and beſtowed this town upon Ro-
bert Earl of Moriton and Cornwal 5, who accord-
ing to the common tradition, built here a Caſtle with
a rampart and a doubleditch to it. In which Caſtle
Richard King of the Romans and Earl of Cornwal
os fall of years, and honours. Upon defaule of
iſſue of that Earl, King Edward the third gave this
town and caſtle to Edward his eldeſt ſon , that moſt
renown'd and warlike Prince,whon he created Duke
of Cornwal ; from whence, even in our times , it
continues to be part of the polleflions of the Dutchy
of Cornwal. This caſtle is now nothing elſe buc
ruin'd walls, and one rude heap of ſtones ; above
which upon a ſmall hill Sir Edward Cary Ke.Maſter of
the Jewels to the King, deſcended from the houſe
of the Carys in Devonſhire **, hath lately built a very
noble end entrecedinary pleaſant Seat. Within the
town it ſelf there is nothing worth ſeeing, except a
School founded there by F. Incent, Dean of St.
Pauls in London, who was a native of this town.
Seat of the Kings, where Edmund of Langley , fon
to Edward the third, Duke of York, was born, and
thence alſo named. Here was a ſmall Cell of Friers
Przdicants, in which that unhappy Prince Richard
the ſecond was firſt buried, who was barbaroufly de-
priv'd both of his Kingdom and his Life ; but not
long aſter, his body was remov'd to Weſtminſter ,
—_ had a monument of braſs beſtow'd upon it, to
make amends for his Kingdom. Juſt almoſt over-
againſt this, there lyeth alſo another Langley, which
(Locale it did belong to the Abbots of St. Albans )
is call'd Abbots-Langley , the
Breakſpeare was born, afterwards Pope by the name
of Hadrian the fourth, who firſt preach'd the Chriſti-
an faith to the people of Norway , and quieted the
tumules of the people of Rome, at that time endea-
vouring to recover their ancient liberties. Frederic
the firit, Emperour of the Romans, held this Pope's
Gauls a Bridge, or the paſſage over @ River ; ſince we | ſtirrup as he alighted from his horſe, and at laſt he
find it no where us'd but at rivers. In this Iſland
there were one or two Durobrive, that is (unleſs I am
much deceiv'd) paſſages over the water. In Gaul there
Was Briva larie, now Pomtoiſe, where was the paſſage
over the I/ars or Yore : Briva Odere, over the Odera :
and Samarobriva (for that is the right name) over the
river Soarn.
Somewhat. higher , upon a ſmall hill, ſtandeth
Flamſted, whichin the time of Edward the Confeſſor,
Leofitan ' Abbot of St. Albans gave to three Knights,
Turnot, Waldef, and Turman , upon condition that
they ſhould fecure the neighbouring country from
robberies. But William the Conquerour took it from
them, and gave it Roger de Todeney or Tony, an emi-
nent Norman, with the title of Barony. But in time
It was by a daughter transferr'd to the Beauchamps,Earls
of Warwick.
Hence I paſſed ſouthwards to Hemſted, a ſmall
* Market-town, call'd Hehan-hamſted, when King Offa
made a grant of it to the Monaſtery of St. Albans.
It is ſeated among hills by the ſide of a ſmall river,
which a lictle lower runs into another that goes
lace the Nobles of
England had a meeting, when by the perſwaſion of
Fretheric then Abbot of St. Albans , they were plot-
ting to throw off the new Norman Government ;
*And thither cameWilliam the Conqueror in perſon,
*(as we read in the life of this Fretheric) much con-
"cern'd for fear he ſhould, to his great diſgrace , loſe
*that Kingdom which with ſo much blood he had
* purchas'd. And after many debates in the preſence
"of Lanfranc the Archbiſhop, the King to ſettle a
"firm peace, took an Oath upon all the Reliques of
es
loſt his life by a fly that flew into his mouth and
choaked him.
Lower I ſaw Watford and Rickemaneſworth , two
Market-towns, toucking which we have no account,
until we find that King Offa beſtowed them upon
St. Alban, as alſo he did Cazſhobery that lyes next to
Watford. At which place a houſe was begun by Sir
Richard Moriſon, a man of great learning, and em-
ployed by Henry the 8th and Edward the 6th in ſe-
veral Embaſſies to the greateſt Princes in Europe ;
but he left it to his fon ** Charles to finiſh, who made
it a neat and curious Seat.
More toward the eaſt, the Roman military way
paſs'd in a dire&t line from London to Verulam over
Hamſted-heath, and ſo by Edgworth and Elleſtre,
near which place, at the very ſame diſtance that
Antoninus in his [inerary placeth theSuloniace(to wit,
twelve miles from London and nine from Verulam )
there remain yet ſome marks of an ancient ſtation,
and there is much rubbiſh digg'd up upon a hill, which
is now call'd Brockley-bill Hy But when the Roman
Empire in this land expir'd , and barbariſm by de-
grees got ground, whilſt the Saxon wars put all things
in a perpetual hurry , this great road, as all other
things, lay quite negle&ted for a long time, until a
a little before the Norman Conqueſt , Leof##an Ab-
bot of St. Albans repaired and reſtor'd it. For he (as
we read in his life ) cauſed tbe great woods all along from
the edge of the + Chiltern as far as London to be cut down,
epecialy upon the King's high-way, commonly call'd Wat-
ingſtreet, al high and broken grounds to be levelPd,
bridges to be built, and the ways made even for the conve-
nience of paſſengers. But above 300 yearsagothis road
7 Str Nicholas.
» And the Beautorts Dukes of Somerjet, ** Sir Charles,
18 From Mergrate, ſom-time a Religious Houſe, now a Sea: of the Ferrers, out of the Hoſe of Groby.
19 His halfbrether.
Was
lace where Nicholas L
Kings
ley , heretofore a Langiens
Pope Ha-
rian 4+
Watford.
Rickmans-
worth.
Caiſhobory.
Warford.
SulloniacZ.
+ Cirria.
|
by reaſon that andbther
te and Barnet, by li-
cence from the reign of Henry 2. as alſo his ſucceſſors, whom you «..,
a-days to be an eminent market for cattel, but was | may fee in their proper places. Bur when this fy. £42
much more ſo for a great battel fought there in thoſe | mily, by right of inheritance as well as by their ;,**
furious wars between the two houſes of York and | Prince's tavour, came to be alſo Earls of Gloceſlter, fol.
Lancaſter: in which wars England ſuffer d whatever | they bore joyntly the ewo titles, and were ſummon.
aſpiring Treachery durſt attempt. For at © Gledſmore | ed to Parliament by the name of Earls of Gioceſter
hard by, the two "ul upon an Eaſter-day, had bes Hertford. And accordingly 'Richard de Clare,
a ſharp encounter, for a long time, by reaſon | who died An. Dom. 1262. is by Matthew of Weft-
of a thick Fog, foughFwich dubious ſucceſs. But at | minſter expreſly called Earl of Glocelter and Herr.
laſt King Edw. 4. happily gained the Victory, and | ford, upon the recital of this his Epitaph :
Richard Nevill Earl of Warwick was there ſlain; a |
man whom as the ſmiles of Fortune had render'd | Hic pudor Hippoliti, Paridis gena, ſenſaus Uly(is,
ſtrangely inſolent, and a particular enemy to crown'd | eAnee pietas, Heftors ira jacet.
heads ; fo by his death he freed England from thoſe | Here He&for's rage, Ulyſſes wildom lays,
apprehenſions of continu'd civil wars they had long | Heppolitzs his bluſh, and Pars face.
labour'd under [p]
Earls of This County of Hertford had Earls that were of | But wichin the memory of our fathers, K. Hen. 8.
mm family of Clare, and therefore more commonly | honoured ** Edward'de Sr. Maur or Seymor with the
were calld Earls of Clare, from Clare their principal | title of Earl of Hertford, who was afterward created
ſeat in the County of Suffolk. The firſt that I have | alſo Duke of Somerſet *%; ro whom ſucceeded in this
met with was Gilbert, who writes himfelf Earl of Earldom his fon of the fame name, a perſon of great
Hertford, as a witneſs to a Charter of King Stephen. | honour, and a true friend to learning.
s This Gledſmore is in the County of Middleſex, tho' Barnet it (elf be.in this, and the batrel from it commonly call'd Barnet-field.
22 Barnet hath for his neighbours Mimnes, 4 ſeat of the worſbiptul family E cbs Coningsbies, deſcended to them by Frawick fem th: Knolls, an-
cient poſſeſſors thereof; and North-hall, where Ambroſe Dudley, lat Earl of Warwick, rau'd a ſtately bouſe from the Frunaationgs, *: dir Elwad,
14 By King Edward 6.
This County hath in it 12.0 Pariſhes.
ADDITIONS to HEART FORDSHIRE.
HE County of Hertford, as to Vicountile|] [| d-] Near the river Lea lies Hatf:1d, now neither uy:
Juriſdiction, both before and long after the | a Royal nor Biſhop's ſeat ; but |; belongs to the Right |
time of Edward F was annex'd to Eſſex ; | Honorable the Earl of Salsbury, being a place of *"
and one Sheriff ſupply'd both Counties, as | great pleaſure upon the account of it's Parks and
*Nord.p.s. did alſo one Eſcheator. * The Juſtices, for the greater | other conveniences. For ſituation, contrivance,
eaſe both of chemſelves and the common people, | building, profpe&, and other neceſfaries to make a
have by conſent divided che whole Shire into three | compleat ſeat, it gives way to tew in England
parts or diviſions, and accordingly have three ſeveral | From this place moſt of our Hiſtorians athrm that
Courts for determination of leſſer matters ; the more | William de Hatfeld, fon to King Edw. 3. took his
conſiderable being referr'd to the general meeting at | name ; tho' 'twas really from Hatfield in Yorkſhire;
Hertford. where, to the neighbouring Abbot of Roch Qu. Pl.
[a] Notwithſtanding what our Author has affirm'd | Lppa gave 5 marks, and 5 nobles per An. to the Monks,
of it's corn-ground, paſtures, and meadows ; thoſz | to pray for the ſoul of this her fon ; and the ſums be-
who have made particular enquiries into the affairs of ing transterr'd to the Church of York, are now paid
this. County, rather refer it's flouriſhing condition by the Earl of Devonſhire. See the Additions to
partly to the many thorow-fares to and from Lon: | Yorkſhire.
don, which has been the cauſe of the improvement | | e | Next, the river runs to Hertford, call'd in Is
of their towns ; and partly to the healthfulnels of the | Saxon Heopcronp>, a name, no doubt, took from a
air, which has induc'd ſeveral of the Gentry to ſettle | Hart, with which one may eaſily imagine ſuch a
in this County, and given occaſion to this ſaying, | woody County to have formerly abounded. What
+ Full.Wor. T That they who buy a bouſe an Hertfordſhire, pa; inwo our Author lays of the Rubrum vadum, would indecd
Feif* years purchaſe for the air df it. But as for the paſtures, | agree well enough to the ſouth and weſt parts of che
Norden tells us, there are but few to be mer withall ; | County, where the ſoil is a red earth mix'd with gra-
and that their meadows, tho' here and there diſpers'd, | vel : but the Hartingford adjoyning makes for the
are many of them cold and moily. And as to the | former opinion ; and the A4r»:s of the Town, which
ſoil in general, he adds, That in reſpe& of ſome | ( if rightly repreſented by || Spede) are a Hart couchant | 1's
other Shires, it is but a barren Country, without the | in the water, put it beyond diſpute. There is a very
great toil and charge ot the husbandman, | fair School, founded by Richard Hale Eſq; a native of
Hitcing. [b} In the north-welt part of the Shire is Hirching, | this County, who endow'd it with 40 /. per 4n.
which, according to Mr. Norden, had it's name trom; | ft] From hence the river runs to Ware, the deno- Vu
lying at the end of a wood call'd Hitch, that tormer- | mination whereof from the Wares ( and not, as ome
ly came up to it; fo that it's true name muſt be | imagine, from Wares or merchandiſe ) as it is con-
Huchend. The main buſinels of the inhabitants is | firm'd by the abundance of waters thereabouts which
Maulrng, and their market chiefly noted for Corn. | might put them under a neceflity of ſuch contrivan-
[ c ] Going trom hence to the ſouth-eaſt we tind | ces; fo particularly, from the inundation in the year
the Barrows mention'd by our Author, which I am not | 14<8. when it was almoſt all drown'd ; /ince which
willing to imagine were either Roman burying-places, | time ( ſays Norden ) and before, there was great provi-
or bounds, but am apr to think they had ſome relation | fiow made by wayres and ſluces for the better preſervation
to the Danes. For the Hundred at a little diſtance, | of the town, and the grounds belonging to the ſame. Is
call'd Dacorum-Hundred , and the place within it | plenty of waters hereabouts, gave occaſion to tht
Dane-end, ſeem to be an evidence of fome remarkable | uſeful projet of cutting the chanel from thence to
thing or other the Danes either did or fuffer'd in this | London, and conveying the New-river to the great
gown And Norden tells ns (but upon what grounds | advantage and convenience of that City. et
know not, ) that the jncurtions of the Danes were | {g] North from hence is Burnt-Pelbam, from ſome ,..
ſftopd in this place, where they receiv'd a ſignal | great fire or other that has happen'd there. * There #4
overthrow : which if true, and built upon good au- | were ſome fragments and foundations of old build-
thority, makes the conjecture ſo much the more | ings, which appear'd plainly to have been conſum d
plaulibie. i by fire, and fo to have given name to the place. -
| . the
HERTFORDSHIRE.
: him an eagle, a lion, and a bull, all winged, and a
"peth fourth of the _ of an angel; poſſibly, contriv'd to
"Gd repreſent the four Evangeliſts. Under the teer of
nds | the man a croſs-flowry, and under the Croſs a fer-
cannot certainly tell.
it a dark and deep Dungeon, call'd the Convitt's priſon :
Author ) affirm.
ij ] But to return to the Lea ; Tybauids in our Au-
thor's time ſeems to have been one of the moſt beau-
tiful ſeats in che County. As it was built by Sir W:l-
liam Cecil, fo was it very much improv'd by his fon
Hatfield houſe. * In the year 1651. it was quite de-
facd, and the plunder of it ſhar'd amongſt the ſoldiers.
[k] Bur to go from hence toward the welt ; the
ll Wor.
whereof are fo accurately deſcribd by our Author,
1b: MS. that little can be added. + Some ruins of the walls
ace {till ro be ſeen; and ſome of the Roman bricks
(till appear. The great Church here was built out of
the ruins of old Verulam ; and tho' time and weather
have made the ourt-ſide of it look like ſtone, yer if
you break one of them, or go up to the tower, the
redneſs of a brick preſently appears.
About 1666. there was found a _ coin, which
had on one ſide Romulas and Remus fucking the Wolf,
on the other, Rome, but much defac'd.
[1 ] The brazen Font, mention'd by Camden to
have been brought out of Scotland, || is now taken
away ; in the late civil wars, as it ſeems, by thoſe
hands which let nothing ſtand chat could be convert-
ed into money.
[m] In the middle ofthis town, K. Edw. r. erect
ed a very ſtately Crols, about the year 1290. in me-
mory of Qu. Eleanor, who dying in Lincolnſhire, was
carry'd to Weſtminſter. The fame he did in ſeveral
other places thro' which they pals'd, ſome whereof are
mention'd by our Author under their proper heads.
ſwans, The place hath given Title to ſeveral perſons of
| _ quality ; that of Viſcount to the famous Fravcs Bacon,
Lord Verulam and Lord Chancellour of England,
created Viſcount of this place Jan. 18. 1620. Afffter-
wards Richard de Burgh, Earl of Clanrikard in the
kingdom of Ireland, was created Earl of St. Albans
by K. Charles 1. and was ſucceeded in that honour
by Ulick his fon, with whom that title dy d for want
of iſſue male. A little before the Reſtoration, this
honour- was conferr'd upon Henry Fermin Baron of
S. Edmundsbury, for his faithful Services to King
Charles 2. It 1s ſince erected into a Dukedom, and
15 enjoy'd by Charles Beauclair.
{ n | North-weſt from hence is Markat, or more
truly Meregate, i. &. (ſays Norden) an {ſue or out-gate
of water, which ſeems to refer to the river Womer men-
**29 tion'd by our Author. * This is faid to have broke
out in the time of Edw. 4. and to have run from the
19. of February till the 14. of June following.
| 0] The old Sulloniace is plac'd by our Author at
Brockley-bill in this County ; whereas that hill is real.
ly in Middleſex, into which County the Roman Sta-
2's
the walls of the Church was a very ancient monu-
ment, namely, a man figur'd in a ſtone, and about
pent : but whether the monument be ſtill chere, I
44. \ h] Next is Stortford, fince our Author's age
grown into a conſiderable place ; well ſtock'd with
inns, and a good market-town. The caſtle there
ſcems to have been of great ſtrength, having within
but whether that name denotes ſome great privileges
tormerly belonging to it, I dare not ( with a late
Sir Robert, who exchang'd it with King James 1. for
ancient Verolamium firſt offers it ſelf, the Antiquities
| near
| Ed are indeed, a mile fouth of Brockley, the way
patſes rowards London ; fo that. Mr. Talbot waen he
ſett]'d the S»!oniace Here, had at leaſt fome ſhew of
probability on his fide. But not any remains of An-
tiquity appearing, there's no reaſon why it ſhould be
remov'd from Brockley-bill; eſpecially, ſince of late,
Coins, Urns, Roman Bricks, &c. have been dug up
there, in the place where Mr. Napier has built him
a fair new ſeat; as well in laying the foundation of
the houſe, as levelling the gardens, Rarities of this
kind have been alfo tarn'd up with the plough for
abour ſeven or eight acres round. |
{ p ] Upon the fouth-border of this County is Bar-
ner, [| where was diſcover'd a medicinal ſpring, fup- | F!! wer.
posd by the taſte to run through veins of Alom. Ir ® *'*
coagulates with milk, the curd whereof is an excel-
lent plaiſter for any green wound.
Continuation of the EARLS.
Edward, fon to the Duke of Somerſet of the ſame
name, being diſpoſſeſt of all by the attainder of his
father ; was reſtor'd, the firſt of Q. Elizabeth, by
Letters Patent bearing date the 13th of January,
to the titles of Lord Beauchamp, and Earl of Hert.
ford. Edward the fon dy'd in the life-time of his
father, and fo did his eldeſt fon of the ſame name.
Whereupon he was ſucceeded by William his grand- Pl
child, who by K. Ch. 1. for his eminent ſervices, was
advancd to the title of Marqueſs of Hertford, as af-
terwards, upon the reſtoration of K. Charles 2. to
that of Duke of Somerſet. Since which time the ſame
perſons have ſucceflively had both titles, which are
[at preſent enjoy'd by Charles of that name.
More rare Plants growing wild in Hertfordſhire.
Alſine montana minima Acini facie rotundifolia.
An Alſines minoris alia Thal. Harcyn ? Small moun-
tainous round-leaved Chick-weed , reſembling Stone- Baſil.
In the mountainous parts of this County on the borders of
Buckmghamſhire near Chalfont S. Peter. Found by Dr.
Plukenet.
Gentianella Autumnalis Centaurii minoris foliis
Park. Not far from the ruins of old Verulam. Park. p.
7.
; Hieracii ſeu Piloſellz majoris ſpecies humilis, fo-
liis longioribus, rarius dentatis, pluribus fimul , flore
ſingulari noſtras, Oz @ dry bank at the edge of a wood
in a lane leading from Hornhill to Reickmeerſwerte. Dr.
Plukenet.
Lyſimachia lutea flore globolo Ger. Park. Yellow
Looſeſtrife with a globular tuft of flowers : ſaid to be found
King s-Langley by Phyr. Brit.
Mentha piperata. Pepper-mint, or Mint having the
taſte of Pepper. Found in this County by Dr. Eales,
Militaris aizoides Ger. See the other Synonymes in
Cambridgeſhire. Freſh-water-Souldier, or Water Aloe. In
the new ditches 4 Hatfield P.D.
Ophris ſive Bifolium paluſtre Park. Marſh Tway-
blade. On the wet grounds between Hatfield and $. Al-
bans. Park. p. 5oy.
Orchis myodes major Park. major flore grandiuf-
culo F. B. muſcam referens major C. B. The greater
Fly-orchis. Found by Dr. Eales near Welling in Hertford-
ſhire.
Helleborine latifolia flore albo clauſo. Broad-l:av'd
Baſt ard- Hellebore with a white cloſe flower. Found by
Dr. Eales near Diggeſwell mm this County.
.*P tion ought alſo to be tranſlated. For tho' + Mr. Bur-
ton feem inclin'd to think Eleſtre the old Suloniace,
yer it does not appear that any thing of Antiquity has |
been diſcover'd thereabouts, nor does the old Roman |
way run through it (as our Author affirms; ) that |
place lying near a mile to the right hand of it. Thro' | obſerved by Dy. Plukenert.
Sphondylium montanum minus anguſtifolium te-
nuiter laciniatum. Tagged Cow-Parſnep. Obſerved by
Mr. Doody near Tring in this County.
Campanula Alpina minor rotundifolia C. B. About
Reickmeer worth in Hertfordſhire,in an old Gravel-pit there,
—— _— —— _— ——
"TRINOBANTES.
———— ——_—__—_————}w
TRINOBANTES.
E XT the Catticuchlani, the people call'd by Ceſar Trinobantes, by Prolemy and
Tacitws Trinoantes, inhabited thoſe parts which have now chang'd their names and
are call d Middlelex «nd Eſlex. From whence that old wame ſhould be deriv/d , [
cannot ſo much as gueſs, unleſs # come from the Britiſh 'Tre-nant, implying towns in
| a valley : for ths whole Country in @ manner, lyes upon a level all along the Thames.
But thus is a conjetfure I am not wery fond of. Though thoſe indeed which inhabited
Gallovidia in Scotland, lying all low and in a vale, were calld in Britiſh Noantes
and Novantes; and the ancient people nam'd Nantuates, l:iv/d about * Le Vault, or * Rn
the vale of the Rhine, and had their name thence. So that this ccnjefture is at ©
leaſt as probable as that of others, who out of a ſpirit of ;:ambition have deriv/d theſe
Trinobantes from Troy, as if one ſhewld ſay Troja nova, o new Troy. And let
them enjoy their own humour for me. In Celar' tume, this was one of the ſtoutett
Cities in the whole kingdom ( for ſuch a body of people as livu'd under the ſame laws and government he always call;
Civitas, or @ City,) and was govern'd by Imanuentius , who was ſlain by Cafſibelin. Upon this, Mandubeatic
hu ſon, fled for bus life, went over into Gaul to Ceſar, put bimſelf under by proteftion, and return'd with bim into
Britain. At which time theſe our Trinobantes deſir d of Caſar by their Embaſſadors to eſpouſe the cauſe of Mandu-
bratius againſt Coſſibelin ; and to ſend bim into the City as av. >, 2972 ogpay Thu wa granted them ; upon which
they gave forty hoſtages, and the firſt of all the Britains ſubmitted themſelyes to Ce/ar. This Mandubratius (zo obſerve
it by the way) is by Eutropius, Bede, and the more modern Writers call'd always Androgeus. But bow this diffe-
rence of the name ſhould come, is @ myſtery to me ; unleſs it be true, what I was told by one wery well skill d both in
the hiſtory and language of the Britains, that the name of Androgeus was fixt upon him on account of bis willany
and treachery. For the word plainly carries in its meaning ſomething of villany ; and he (in the book call d Triades)
is reckon'd the moſt willanows of thoſe three traitors to Britain, becauſe he was the firſt that call'd in the Romans, and
betray'd bis Country. After Mandubratius, when civil wars at home drew the Romans from the care of Britam,
ond ſo the kingdom wos left to its own Kings and Laws; it plainly appears that Cunobilin bad the government «of
theſe parts. Take here a view of one or twoof bis Coins, though I bave given you both theſe and others of biz before.
a6 —_—_ ——_ _——_ - i > m—m———_—
ty Oi I 6 CGD A PO ra 0 An A AO is
A
Adminius his ſon, when _ by bis Father, betook himſelf with a ſmall body of men to C. Caligula, to whom
be ſurrender'd bimſelf. This ſo buoy'd up the young Emperour, that, as if be bad conquer d the whole Iſland, be ſent
boaſting Letters to Rome ; ordering the Meſſengers aver and over, that they ſhould not be deliner'd to the Conſuls but
in the Temple of Mars, or in a full Senate. After the death of Cumobilin , Aulus Plautius by commiſſion from the
Emperour Claudins, made an attempt upon this Country. Togod:.mnus.the one of Camobilin's ſons, he ſlew ; the other,
Caratacus, he conquer'd ; and ( as it is in the Faſti Capitolini ) + bad a Triumph upon it, with ſo much ſplendor + 0:
and groan, that ( as Suetonius tells ws ) Claudius vimſelf walk'd fide by ſide with him, both as he went into the un
| Capitol and came out of it. Then the Emperour in perſon preſently tranſports his forces, and in a few months reduces ©
it into the form of a Province. From that time, the Trinobantes had no more wars; only under Nero they enter d
into a csmbination with the Iceni to ſhake off the Roman yoke : but this inſurre#ion was quickly ſuppreſi'd by Suetonins
Paulmus, and ( as Tacitus bas delrwer'd it ) mot without great loſs on the Britains ſide. When the Roman Govern-
ment in this Iſland came to an end, Vortigern the Britain ( as Ninnius tells ws ) when he was took priſoner by the
Saxons, gave this Country for bis ranſom ; which for a long while after had its Kings, but they were ſuch only as
beld etther from the Kings of Kent or Mercia. Of theſe, Seberht was rhe f-/t that embrac'd Chriſtianity in the year
6-3. and Cuthred the laſt ; who being conquer'd by Egbert im the year 804. left the kingdom to the Weſt-Saxons.
But of theſe things more largely in another place : now let us ſurvey the Countrey 1t ſelf.
MIDDLESEX.
IDDLESEX has its name from | Surrey and Kent by the Thames. The County is but
the middle-Saxons, becauſe the Inha- | narrow ; being at longeſt but 20 miles, but where
bitants of it liv'd in the midſt of the | ſhorteſt only 12. The air is exceeding healthful,
Eaſt, Weſt, and South-Saxons, and and the foil fertile, the buildings and ftreets every
ofthoſe whom in that age they call'd where ſtately. and no part of it but affords a great
Mercians.It is divided from Bucking- | many remarkables. Upon the river Cole, at its firſt
hamfhire Weſtwardby the lictleriver Cole *,from Hert- | entrance into this County , I met with Break/pear, B57
fordihire Northward by a certain known limit, from | the ancient feat of a family of that name, of which, gel
Eſſex Eaſtward by the river Lee,and Southward from | was deſcended Pope Hadrian the fourth , metion'd a eras
——
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[.£4. licrle before : next Haresfeld , formerly 'Herefelle , the
: fleffion of Richard ſon of *. Gifteberr, inthe time of
Bs William the Conquerour. ' More ito the.South, Us-
ww bridge *, a late town, and full of Inns, is ftrerchciout
into a great lengch. And” below 'thaty4s| Driziton,
built by che Barons Pager 3 Cothom, whichicamefrom
the Barons Le Srrange to the Earls of Berby; and
Stanwell, the ſeat of the family-of #imadeſors from the
coming in of the Conquerour, to within the memo-
ry of our Fathers. Not far fromvhence, the- Cole aft-
cer it has made ſome Iſlands, flips at a double mouth
into the Thames ; upon' which, as a German Poet of
our age, deſcribes it, . 109 ©14
: MH I
Tot campos, [ylvas, tot regia tefta, tot hortos
Artifici dextr4 excultos, rot vidimms arces, _ .
Us nunc Auſonio, Tamiſis cum Tybride certet.
Such fields, ſuch woods, ſuch ſtately piles Font
Such gardens grace the earth, ſuch row'rs the air ;
That Thames with Roman Tiber may compare.
canes Stranes, in Saxon Scana, offers it ſelf firſt in the ve-
Swblicus. ry Weſtern limir, where there is a * wooden bridge
over the Thames. As to the name, it had it from a
boundary-fone formerly {et up here to mark out the
extent of the City of London's Juriſdiion in the ri-
ver. Near this ſtone,there is a famous meadow call'd
tning- Runing-mead, and commonly Renimed, wherein was
zl a great Meeting of the Nobility in the year 1215. to
demand their Eibercies of King John. Upon the
Thames's running by the place, the Anthor of the
Marriage of Tame and Iſis has this touch :
Subluit hic pratum, quod dixit Renimed Angias,
- Quo ſedere duces armss anniſque werends,
Regis Joannis cuperent qui wertere ſceptrum,
Edwardi Santi dum leges jurique wellent
Principe contempto wats & carcere duct : '
Hinc ſonuere tube pluſquam civilia bella,
Venit & hinc refugus noſtras Lodovicws in oras.
Now Renimed upon the bank appears,
Where men renown'd for honour, arms, and years
Mer to reform the State , controul the King
And Edward's Laws from long oblivion bring.
Hence more than civil wars the land oppreſt,
And Lewis with his French the Rebels ſtrengthincreaſt,
ee te R- Then it paſſes by Coway-ftakes near Lalam, where
bin (as we oblſerv'd) Cafar pals'd the Thames , and the
Bricains to prevent him, fet the bank and ford with
Hakes; from whence it has its name. Gliding
an from hence, it takes a view of Herrew, the
higheſt hill in this County , which on the South
has very fruitful fields for a long way together ; eſpe-
cially about the little village of Heſton, the flowre
whereof has been particularly made choice of by our
Kings for their own bread. Ac a little diftance from
thence is Hanworth, where is a Royal , though but
{mall houſe ; ſo much admir'd by King Henry 8. that
he made ic his chief pleaſure-ſeat. Afterwards , it
Gar. glides by Hampton-Court, a Royal palace, and a very
magnificent {tructure, built by Cardinal Thomas Wol-
ſey purely out of oftentation, to ſhow his great wealth;
a perſon upon all accounts exceeding prudent , but
that inſolence carry'd him beyond himſelf. It + was
enlarg'd and finiſht by King Henry 8. and has five
large Courts ſer round wich' neat buildings, the work
whereot is exceeding curious. Leland has this ſtroke
upon it : |
Eſt Iocms inſolito rerum ſplendore ſuperbus,
Alluiturque vaga Tamiſmi flumints unds,
Hic Rex Henricus taleis Off awvim ades
Where 7hdwme's kind ftreams in gentle currents turn,
Thename of Hamprdm hath for ages born. |-.
Here ſuch; a Palace, ſhaws great. Heyry's' Gare; | |
As Sali\ne're views from his-exalted ohom _—_
And the Adaringe of Ta aud Ihs, this: >
Alluit Hamptonam celtbrom ade laxior urbis
Mentitur formam f#iis 3 bant condidit unlant
er ille gravis, Sar ile ſacerdos
r fe
A place; which Natures choiceſt gifts. adorn, . ;
P 5
Wileksfortims fave! twi felle repletos © ©
Obrutit,” bea tandens fortan's dons, dolores” _
To Hamptos runs, whoſe ſtate and bea ty! hows
A LO in- a houſe. uryJh
This:the grave Prelare Woley's care begyh, ..: |
To whom/blind fortune's arts were fully kgown,
And all her ſmiles daſt'd with one fatal frown.
From hence the river fetches a large winding to- trig.
wards the north, by, Gif leworth ( for 1o our Thile worth.
worth was formerly. callld ) where was once a
Palace of Richard King of the Romans and (Earl of
Corawal, burnt by the Londoners in.an Inſurrecti-
Ee x
Next we ſee Sion , a ſmall Religious, houſe ( fo Sion.
call'd from the holy Mount of that name, ) which
Henry 5.; after he had driven out the Monks Aliens,
buile-tor, 5 Nuns of St, Briger ; as he erected anorher at
the ſame time, call'd $ Bethelem oppoſite to this, on the Shene.
other ſide of the river, for the Carthuſians. In this
Sion, to the Glory of God, be plac'd as many Virgins,
Prieſts, and Lay-brethren: within feveral partitions
as amounted to the number of the Apoſtles and Dif:
ciples of Chriſt : and having given them; very ample
revenues, even beyond what was neceſſary, he made
a ſpecial order that they ſhould be contegt with that,
and not ſo much as receive any: thing,, from other
hands ; but that fo-much of the yearly revenue , as
was gver and above to4heir maintenance, they ſhould
give to. the Poor. 'But uponthe general expulſion of
the Religious within che memory of our, Fathers , ir
was turn'd into a Country-houſe of the, Duke of So-
merſet's; who pulld dawn the Church , and began |
to build a new houſe 7; Hard by is Brentford (which Brentford.
receiv'd. that name from the lictle river Brent,) where
Edwnend Ironſide, after he had oblig'd the Danes to
draw off from the ſiege of London, did ſo attack
them as to force 'em to a diforderly flight, wherein he
killd great numbers of them. From S:anes thus far,
all berween the high-road along Hownſlow, and the
Thames, was call'd the Forreſ# or Warren of Stanes , till
Henry 3. (as we read in his Charter ) aeforrefted and
dewarrend it, Then * I faw Fulbam, in Saxon, Ful- Fulham,
lonham, 4.e. 4 houſe of fowle, which receives its great-
eſt honour from the Bilhop of London's Country-
houſe? [ f] : And Chelſey, fo call'd from a bed of C19, a
Sands in the river Thames **, adorn'd: with ſtately qouid cy
buildings by Henry 8: Wyliam Powlers Marqueſs of Shejz.
Wincheſter, and others| g}.
But amongſt theſe, London ( which 15, as it were, ,
che Epitome of all Britain , the Seat of the Britiſh
Empire, and the * Reſidence of rhe Kings of England.) * met
is, to uſe the Poet's compariſon, as much above the
reſt, - as the Cypreſs is above the little ſprig. Taci-
tus, Prolemy, and Antoninus call ic Londinium, and
idiniam ; Aramianus, Lundinum and Auguſta ;
Stephanus in his book of Cities, Awdivwy ; our Britiſh,
Landayn; the old Saxons, Londen-ceajrep, Londen-
Nomie ab ant1quo jam tempore dittus Ayona. bypiz, :Lonoen-pyc ; foreigners, Londra, and Lon-
dres ; our own nation, London ; the fabulous Landon; |
Writers , Troja Novs, , Dinas Bel, 1. e. the city of
Erexit, qualeis toto Sol aurews orbe
Non wid.
Belin, . and Caer Lud, from one King Luddar, whom
——— — rw. cerae—_—
2a A tree ci. cn.
i eee
whence you have a 1ait pleaſant proſpect tn the maſt beautiful Cr
tary way led 79 ph wa Sr. Albans by KEigworth, and not bs a
300 years ſince. Bu: 10 return, Brent, in'0 whom all the' fmall rroers of theſe
bomas
its riame, watreth Haggerwood, Haawel, Qiitcrley-Park, where Sir T
give name to Breatiord , a fair therough-fare and frequent Market, 8 To rhe Thames fide. » Standing there corveniently, nat fav foim The Ci-
1), aibeit no: jo healthfully, 1» (as ſame ſuppoſe) but in Records 'ris nam
- © Oe—— _— _
: Count. 3 Anciently Woxbridge. 4 Mad: an Henowr. 5s To the hcnour of our Samiour the Pirgin Mary, and, &c. 6Feſu
this the ſmall river Brent i[ueth inta the Thimes, and. [pring eth out of a pond wnlgarly cata Brown's well fo, Bren
w.ll, paſſeth down berween Hendon, which Arc hbijhop Dunſtan, born for the advancement of Monks, purchaſed for 1 |
were immper/al pieces of gold coined at Byzantium or Cor. a yr == to the Menks of St. Perer of Welbniniſter : And Hamptted-hif, from
igh-gate, as now, which new way was pres by the Biſbops of London about
Tn
-W hat L ; , *
Me rk
and the lovely Cnontry ahop: jt, Over wiiich the ancient Roman mik-
ſame
arts reſort, runneth en by treet, an Ham'et to which it” i
parregen burle a jair large Houſe; and ſo near her fall ins Ts
'd Chelche-hir
U 2
i Son. Loa Ad < te. Ars Si tt [5
FRINOBANTES.
—
_ theriver
|| Abnepos,
+ Vitali ge-
nio.
! Munict-
pium.
Prefeturze
* Nundine.
+ Milicize,
-by Tacirus, by the Panegyriſt,and by
they affirm to have given it both being and name.
But as for thoſe new-broach'd names and original,
as alſo Eraſmus's conjecture that it came from Lanlem
a city of Rhodes, I leave*em to thoſe that ars inclin'd
to admire them. - For my own part, ſince Czlar and
Strabo have told me, that the ancient Britains call'd
ſuch woods or groves as they fenc'd with trees they
had cut down, Cities or Towns, and fince I have
been inform'd, that in Britiſh they call ſuch places
Llhws ; 1 am almoſt of this opinicn, that London is
by way of eminence ſimply call'd « City, or « City in
a wood. Put if that do not hit, give me leave, with-
out the charge of inconſtancy **, to gueſs once more,
that it might have it's name from the ſame original
that it had tits growth and glory ; I mean Ships,
call'd by the Briti —_ » fo that Londen is as much
as a Harbowr or City of Ships. For the Bricains term
a City Dinas, Which the Latins turn'd into Dinam.
Upon which account it is call'd in one place Longi-
dinium ; and in a * Song of an ancient Britiſh Bard,
Lbongporth, i. &. a port or harbour for Ships. And
by the ſame word, Bologne im France, in Ptolemy
Geſſoriacum Nawale, is turn'd by the Britiſh Gloſſary
Bolung Lg: For ſeveral cities have had their names
from ſhipping, as, Nawpatius, Nauſt atbmos, _—
Navalia Auguſt, &c. None of which can lay bet-
ter claim to the name of an barbowr than our London.
For *tis admirably accommodated with both Ele-
ments: ſtanding in a fruitful foil, abounding with
every thing, Teated upon a-gentle aſcent, and
ames, which, without trouble or difficul-
ty, brings it in the riches of the world. For by the
convenience of 'the tide coming in at ſet hours, with
the fafety and depth of the river, which brings v
the largeſt veſſels, it daily heaps in ſo much wealt
both from Eaſt and Weſt, that it may at this day diſ-
pute the preheminence with all the Mart-cowns in
Chriſtendom. Moreover, it is ſuch a ſure and com-
plete ſtation for ſhips, that one may term it a grov'd
weed, fo ſhaded is it with maſts and fails [h].
Antiquity has told us nothing of the firſt Founder ;
as indeed Cities growing up by little and little, but
ſeldom know their original. Notwithſtanding, this
among others, has fabulouſly deriv'd it felf from the
Trojans, and is perſuaded that Brute, || ſecond Nephew
to the famous Aneas, was it's Founder. But who-
ever built it, the growth of it may convince 'twas
begun with a Hlucky omen *; and Ammianus Mar-
cellinus has taught us to pay it a veneration n
account of it's Antiquity, when even in his time
(which is twelve hundred years ago) he calls it an
ancient town. [And apgreeably Cornelius Tacitus,
who flouriſh'd under Nero '3, has told us, that then
Twas a place exceeding famous for the number of mer-
chants, and it's trade. Even then nothing was waht-
ing to complete it's p'Ory' but that it was not either
a || Free-borough or a Colony. Nor indeed would it
have been the intereſt of che Romans, that a City of
ſach vaſt trade ſhould enjoy the privileges of a Colo-
ny, or Free-borough : for which reaſon, I fancy, they
made it a Prefettare; for fo they calld the towns
wherein there were * Fairs and Courts kept. Not
that they had Magiſtrates of their own, but had Prez.
fefs ſent them yearly to do juſtice, who were to a&
in all publick affairs, ſuch as taxes, tributes, im-
oſts, 4 the buſineſs of the army, &c. according to the
Fol rutions of the Roman Senate. Upon which ac-
count it is that London 1s only term'd Opidam (a town)
arcellinus. But
altho' it had nor a more honourable title, yet it has
| been as powerful, wealthy, and proſperous as any ;
"and they immediately diſpatch'd thoſe few, that ei- |
and that almoſt without interruption under the Ro-
"man , Saxon, and Norman - Governments ; ſcarce
ever falling under any great calamity [ i ]. In Nero's |
reign, when the Britains under the condu@t of Boa-
dicia, had unanimouſly refolv'd to recover their old
liberty , the Londoners could not prevail upon Szeto-
ins Paulinus either by cries or tcars, but that after
he had por together affiftance, he would march, and
leave the city deſenceleſs to the mercy of the enemy ;
ther by reaſon of their ſex, their oid age, or a natu-
ral inclination to the place, had ſftay'd behind. Nor
had it fuffer'd a leſs difmal maſlacce from the Franks,
had: not the Divine Providence unexpectedly inter-
posd. For.when C. Ale&us had treacherouſly cut
off C. Carauſius a citizen of Menapia, who (de- c.c,,
pending upon the boiſterouſneſs of our fea, the diffi- %
culties of the war wherein Diocleſian was engag'd in rig, (7
the Eaſt, and the Franks, with that bold crew of '® Cutz.
ſea-allies ) had kepe back che revenues of Britain and 1g (7*
Batavia, and enjoy'd the title of Emperour ( as we ii,
learn from ſeveral of his Coins that are dug up ) for *****
ſix years together ; when alſo M. Aurelius Aſclepio-
datus had cut off and defeated Aletus in a fer bactel,
who for three years together had uſurp'd rhe govern.
ment of Britain : then the Franks that eſcap'd alive Th: i:
out of the pre we poſted to London, and were **
juſt ready to plunder the City, when the Thames
(that always ſtood the ners a true friend )
lackily brought up ſome Roman ſoldiers that had
been parted from the main fleet by a fog. Theſe fell
upon the Barbarians in all parts of the City ; by
which means the citizens were not only ſecure them-
ſelves, but had the fatisfaQion of ſeeing their enemies
deſtroy'd. Then it is our Annals tell us, that L. Gal-
las was ſlain near a little river, which run almoſt
thro the midſt of the City, and was call'd from him
Nantgall in Britiſh, and in Engliſh Walbroke. A name
that remains in a ſtreet there, under which, I have
heard, there goes a ditch or fink to carry off the filth
of the town. It is not far from that great ſtone call'd
London-Fone : this I take to have been a || Mile-fone Lnds,
(ſuch a one as they had in the Forum at Rome ) **
from which all the oye were begun ; ſince it
ſtood in the middle of the City as it run out in length.
And hitherto, I do not think London was walled
round. But our Hiſtorians tell us, that a lictle after,
Conſtantine the Great, at the requeſt of Helens his coins
mother, firſt wall'd it about with hew'n ftone and #5
Britiſh bricks, containing within the compaſs of it under ts
about 3 miles : whereby the City was made a ſquare **s
but not equilateral; being longer from welt to eaſt,
and from fouth to north narrower. That part of
theſe walls which run along by the Thames, by the Th: Vils
continual beating of the river is quite waſh'd away ;
tho' Firz-Stephens ( who liv'd at that time ) tells us,
there were Gm pieces of it to be ſeen in Henry 2.5
time. The reſt remains to this day, and that part
toward the north very firm ; for having not many
—_ fince been repair'd by one Forcelin that was
ayor, it put on, as it were, a new face and freſh-
neſs. But that toward the eaſt and weſt, tho' the
Barons repair'd it in their Wars out of the demoliſh'd
houſes of the Jews, is yet ruinous and going all to
decay. For the Londoners, like the Lacedzmonians
of old, ſlight fenced Cities as fit for nothing but wo-
men'to live in, and look upon their own to be lafe
not by the affiſtance of ſtones, but the courage of it's
inhabitants. Theſe walls have 7 Gates in them, (for Ti: 65
thoſe lefſer 1 induſtriouſly omit, ) which as they have
been repair'd, have taken new names. To the welt
there are two ; Ludgate, fo call'd either from King
Luddas, or, as Leland thinks, from Fludgate, with re-
ference to the ſmall river below it ( as there was th:
Porta Fiuentana at Rome; ) this was lately built from
the very foundation : and Newgate, the moſt beauti-
ful of chem all; ſo nam'd from the newnefs of ic ( for
before they call'd it Chamberlangate ) and is che
publick Gaol. On the north-ſfide there are four ;
Alderſgate, either from it's antiquity, or ( as others
would have it) from Aldrick the Saxon : Cripplegate,
from the adjoyning Hoſpital for /ame people : More-
ate, from a neighbouring bog or fen, now turn'd
into a field and a pleaſant Walk, which was firlt
buile by one "9 rg who was Mayor in _
ear 1414. Bi ate, from the Bi - this ( as
hng wongry he German mares. of the So-
ciety of the Hanſe-towns, were bound by Article Ext
both to keepin repair, and in caſe of a ſiege to de-
fend it. To the eaſt there is but one, Aldgate,
( from it's oldnef) or as others will have it call'd,
—
»
» While I difport im conjeFFure. * Marked for life and Tong continuance.
'3 1540. Years fence, "+ Francerits Falconer 1 ord Mayor A. D. 1414
i
If... <0
Flkerate
a”
Gas
rh
———_
313 _
MIDDLESEX.
=. a...
314
'5, The common opinion is, that there were
rwo more towards the __ vo orngs that rt
, bridge, | Beling{-gate, now a * to receive ſhips ;
1k and Or e. the water-gate, call'd commonly
Dow-g ae. '
At each end of the wall that runs along by the ri-
ver, there were ſtrong Forts ; the one cowards the
73; Tower. eaſt remains to this day, call'd commonly the Tower
of Londen, and in Britiſh from it's whiteneſs, Brim
, and Tow-gwin. Which is indeed a ſtately
Nm wan 7" wich ſtrong walls, mounti
up with turrets, guarded with a rampire and
ditches, together with the accom jon of a no-
ble Armory, and other houſes ; fo that it felf looks
like a town: and a conjecture that the two Caſtles,
which Fitz-Stephens has told us were at the welt-end
of the city, may have been turn'd into this one,
would be plauſible enough. Ac the weſt-end of the
city there was another Fort, where the little river
Fleet ( from whence our Fleetftreer) now of lictle, va-
lus, but formerly, as I have read in the Parliament-
Records, wares. + © empties it ſelf into the Thames.
Fitz-Stephbens call'd this the Palatine-Tower, and tradi-
tion affirms it to have been burnt down in William
the Conquerour's time. Out of the ruins whereof
was built a t part of Paul's Church ; as alſo a
Monaſtery tor Dominican Friers ( from whom we
call the place Black-Friers) founded in the area
or plot of it, by Robert Kilwerby Archbiſhop of Can-
eerbury : from whence you may eaſily take an eſti-
mate of it's largeneſs. And yet in Henry 2.'s time,
there were in the ſame place ( as Gervaſius Tilburi-
enſis, in his _— ialia, athrms ) two any
or Caftks with walls and rampires ; one whereof belong'd
berediterily to Bainard, goes 19 to the Barons of Moe
fiechetr. Bur there's nothing now to be ſeen of them ;
tho* ſome are inclin'd to think that Penbroch-houſe
was a part of them, which we call Bainards-caſtle,
from a Nobleman, one Wiliam Bainard, Lord of
Dunmow, that was formerly owner of it ; whoſe ſuc-
[ig- ceſſors, the Fitz-Walters, were hereditary || Standard-
= bearers of London **,
xk. Nor was London only wall'd round at that time,
tek. but alſo upon the confirmation Chriſtianity receiv'd
from that beſt of Emperours, the Flamine was re-
mov'd, and a Biſhop put in his place. For 'tis plain
that the Biſhop of London was at the Council of
Arles, held in the year 4314. under Conſtantine the
Great; ſince we find by the firſt Tome of the Coun
fer ?ermni- Cils, Out of the Province of Britain, Reſtitutus Biſhop o
w,cOACETN -
mg this
Council,
the City of Londen 5 whom (with his ſucceſſors) ſome
affirm to have had his reſidence art St. Peter's in Cory.
bill. From that time, London flouriſh'd fo exceed-
ingly, as that by degrees it was calld Auguſta, and
' had that honourable title under Valentinian the Em-
perour. For thus Ammianus Marcellinus, in his
27th Book ; And going to London an ancient town,
which poſterity call'd Auguſta. And in his 28th Book ;
Going from Auguſta, which tbe Ancients call'd London.
Ti Mine, Upon which account, when a Mint-Office was ſet-
tled here in Conſtantine the Great's time ( for we
read in thoſe Medals that he made in memory of
Conſtantius his father, as well as in others, P. LON. .
i. C. Pecunia Londini ſignata, Or, money coin'd at Lon-
b; don: ) then he that was Governour here under the
1.5" Count of the *. Imperial Largeſſes, we find call'd by
w. the Notitia, Provoft of the Treaſures of the Auguſtenſes
42 1» Britaim. This 4 »ſta Was a name of the greateſt
Lon
1A
TN
wav honour, and full of Majeſty. For the Builders or
=x. Repairers of Cities, out of either hopes or wiſhes that
they might be powerful, flouriſhing, and great, us'd
to give them auſpicious names. But amongſt al] the
reſt, there was none ſo magnificent, none _
os, as Auguſta, For that beſt and greateſt of Em-
perours Ofavianw, took the name of Auguſtus, not
without the judgment of the moſt Learn He was
ſurnam'd Auguſtus (ſays Dio) to imply that be was
above the common reach of men. For thoſe things which
beft deſerve bonour and are moft ſacred, are call'd Augu-
itz Nor had London this name, and this particu-
2 54.
4
memory
| the diſturbances of the Saxon age
lar mark of honaur, without the conſent of the Ro-
man E Which cuſtom of taking ao name
without a particular Licence, Virgil hints to in that
verſe of his ;
Urbem appeliabant, permiſſo nomine, Aceftam.
The city they; with leave, Acefs Ys
But as time has deſtroy'd this moſt honourable
name, ſo has it confirm'd that more ancient one of
London. While it had that other name, it was ve-
ry near being fack'd by a ſcditious gang of Robbers ;
but Theodoſius, father co Theodofws the Emperour,
falling upon them while they were laden wich che
ſpoils, routed them, end ( as Marcellinus has it )
with great joy and in a tri manner enter'd the
City, that bad juft before been overwheloi'd in miſcries.
eros Fe thence, he fo effecually freed Bri-
tain, by his ſingular courage, from calamities
wherein *twas involv'd, that ( as Symmachus tells us)
T the Romans honour'd thu Britiſh General with s Statue
on borſe-back, their ancient berges. Not long + Cimſecra-
after, when the Roman Government in Britain ex- 7 2
pird, by a rm calamity of the whole Uland, it Ducem —--
tell under the power of the Saxons ; but by what #7 771/c#
methods, does not appear from Hiſtory. I fancy {2ndon in
that Vortigern, when a captive, gave it Hengilt the 'Þ< Saxons
Saxon for his ranſom ; for it belong'd to the Eaſt- m”
Saxons; and Authors tell us, that Vortigern gave
Hengiſt that Country upon this account. At which
time the Church ſuffer'd whatever could be inflicted;
it's Paſtors martyr'd or baniſh'd, the flocks driven
away : and when all the wealth, ſacred and profane,
was ſwallow*d up in my” 6s and rapines, Theonus
the laſt Biſhop of London that was a Britain, bid the
Reliques of the Saints ( as my Author ſays ) to preſerve
their , and not out of any ſuperſtitiav. But tho' R:liques
were ſuch, that one 242 pe
might truly ſay Mars himſelf had brandiſh'd his wea- memory of
pons, yet was London (as Bede tells us) a Mart- P"**
town of great traffick and commerce both by ſea aud land.
Bur aiterwards, when a gentle gale of peace began
to fan and infpirit this weary Iſland, and the Saxons
tumn'd Chriſtian ; it roſe again with a new and great-
er luſtre. For Xchelbert King of Kent (under whom 610.
Sebert was a || fort of petty Prince, purely by per.
miſſion, in thoſe parts ) he built here a Church de- || 26 be-
dicated to S. Paul ; which, by improvements at fe. "mb
veral times, is grown to an exceeding large and 8. Pauls.
magnificent building ; and the revenues of it are fo
conſiderable, as to maintain a Biſhop, Dean, Prz-
centor, Chancellour, Treafurer, 5 Archdeacons, 30
Prebendaries, and others. The eaſt-part of this
Church which ſeems to be newer, and is curiouſly
wrought, having a vault and a moſt beautiful porch
(call'd alſo S. Fairb's Church; ) was re-edify'd by Bp.
Maurice about 1036. out of the ruins of that Palatine
Tower above-mention'd; having been before that la-
mentably burnt down. Of which Ma . It bas
ſuch @ majeſtick beauty, as to deſerve « name amongſt the
buildings ateſt note. So wide u the wanlt, ſo Capacious
® the body of the Church, that one would think it might — Ones
contam the eff Congregation imaginable. And x 3 a
Maurice / Jvieying bu — bumour, emtail'd
the charge of thu great wor erity. And after-
——_ Richord bu ſucceſſc has alewd the =_
revenses of bu Biſhoprick to the building of thu Cathedral,
finding other ways to maintain bimſelf and bu family ; be
ſeem'd to have done _— roward: it ;thus be beſtow'd all
he had upon it, and to little purpoſe. The welt part of it,
as alſo | the Crop Je, is ſpacious, with lofty large pillars j Trancp.
and a moſt beautiful roof. Where theſe 4 parts do as
it were cut one another, there ariſes a large and lofe
tower ; upon which ſtood a Ipire cover'd over wit
lead, ef a prodigious height (for from the
ground it was 5 34 fodt;) but in the year 1087. it
was burnt with lightning, not without great da-
mage to the city : and tho” built again; yer yery
lately ( when we were boys) —_— the ſame fate
once more, it is not yet re-edify'd. I will ſubjoyn
the deſcription of this magnificent ſtructure our of an
Auchor of pretty good Antiquity, which you may
IF6r.
OR
'; Which at this preſent i by the cities charge re-edify'd.
ſite of Bainard-Calle to the laid. Archbijbop Robert. 9
16 And amongit them Robert Ficz- Walter kad licence of King Ew. 1. to ſell the
read
at ><
MA ih " Wn * —_
31s
read or let alonezzs you pleaſe :* The length of Paul's
« Church is'69e toor; the breadth. 1 30 foot; the height
* of the weſtern-roof from the area, 102 foot; the
© height of the roof of the new building from the area,
© 88 foot; the height of the ſtone-work belonging to
* Campa- ©* the Belfrey from the ground,260 foor ; the Jr
nile. © of the wooden part belonging to the ſame
© 274 foot, &c. | k}.
Diana's Some have fancy'd that a Temple of Diana for-
Tewple. merly ſtood here ; and there are circumſtances that
back their.conjeRure : as the old adjacent buildings
being call'd in 'their Records Diane Camera, 1. e. the
Chamber of Diana ; the digging up in the Church-
yard, in Edward the firſt's reign ( as we find by our
Annals) a great number of Ox-heads ; which the
common people at that time , not without great ad-
miration, lookt upon to be Gentile-ſacrifices ;and the
Learned know that the Tawropolia were celebrated in
honour of Diana. And when I was a boy, I have
ſeen a ſtagg's-head fixt upon a ſpear ( agreeable e-
nough to the Sacrifices of Diana ) and carry'd about
within the very Church with great folemnity and
ſounding of Horns. And I have heard that the Stagg
which che family of Baud in Eſſex were bound to pay
for certain lands, us'd to be receiv'd at the ſteps of
the Quire by the Prieſts of this Church , in their Sa
cerdotal robes, and with garlands of flowers about
their heads. Whether this was a cuſtom, before thoſe
Bauds were bound to the payment of that Stagg, 1
know not ; but certain it is, this ceremony favours
more of the worſhip of Diana and the Gentile-
errours, than of the Chriſtian Religion. And 'ris
beyond all doubt, that ſome of theſe ſtrange Rites
crept into the Chriſtian Religion ; which the pri-
mitive Chriſtians either clos'd with, out of that na-
cural inclination mankind has to Superſtition, or bore
with them a little in the beginning, with a deſign to
draw over the Gentiles by little and little to the true
worſhip of God [1].
However, ever ſince this Church was built, it has
been the See of the Biſhops of London ; and under
the Saxons ( fifty years after the expulſion of The-
onus) the firſt Biſhop it had was Melitw a Roman,
conſecrated by Auguſtine Archbiſhop of Canter-
bury. Ir was in honour to this Auguſtine , that
* Inſignia. the Archiepiſcopal * Dignity , and the Metropoliti-
cal See were tranſlated from London to Canterbury ,
againſt the expreſs order of Pope Gregory. There
"TRINOBANTES. © I
to the hatids of the Mercians. And thele civil wars
were ſcarcely ended, but preſently a new northern
{torm breaks out, namely. that Daniſh one, which
miſerably harraſs d theſe parts, and gave a-great\blow
to this city. For the Danes got poſſeſſion of it, bur
Alfred Tetook ir, and after he had repair'd it, com-
micred 1t to the government of his ſon-in- Law Ache!-
red, Earl of the Mercians. Notwithſtanding, afte:
this thoſe Plunderers did often beſiege ir ; eſpecially
Canutus, who dugg a new chanel with a deſign to
divert the Thames : but they always loſt cheir 1a-
bour, the citizens ſtoutly defending it againſt the
aſſaults of the enemy. But for all this they were un-
der continual apprehenſions, till they joytully receiv'd
William the Norman, and faluted him King ; whom
Providence had deſign'd ** tor the Crown of England.
From that time the winds ceas'd, the clouds ſcatter d, and
the true golden age ſhone forth. Since then it has nor
endur'd any ſignal calamity, but by the bounty ot
our Princes obtain'd ſeveral immunities, began to be
cali'd the || Chamber of the Kings, and has grown fo in || Cine,
Trade ever ſince, that William of Malmsbury, who
livd near that time, calls it a City, noble, wealthy, in
every part adorn'd by the riches of the catiz.ens, and fre-
quented by merchants from all parts of the world. And
Fitz.-Stephens, who liv'd in that age, has told us, thar
then London had 122 Parifh-Churches, and 13 be-
longing to * Convents; and that upon a muſter made * cones
of all that were able to bear Arms, it fent into the
held forty thouſand foot, and twenry thouſand hore.
Then it began to encreaſe on every fide with new
buildings, and the ſuburbs round to ſtretch it ſelf a
long way from the city-gates [n | ; eſpecially to the
welt, where it is moſt populous, and has 12 Ims of Nurſes
Court for the ſtudy of our Common-Law. Four of” &*®
The two firſt are jn the place where formerly (in the ?'
The 01-
conſecrated a Church for the Knights Templars, which vb:
4; 1.411..98
170u 4 "> ill
For *+ there they _ .;
emp.
Ne nt are bury'd inthis Church ( to ſay nothing of S. Er-
Paul 5. mobi?
and the Biſhops ) Sebba King of the Eaſt-
Saxons, who quitted his Crown for the fake of Chriſt
and Religion ; Ethelred or Egelred ( who was rather
an oppreſſor than governour ot this kingdom : rhe be-
ginning of his reign barbarows, the middle miſerable, and
rhe end ſhameful : be made himſelf inbuman by connruing
at Parricide, infamous by his cowardize and effemmacy :
and by his death, miſerable.) Henry Lacy, Earl of Lin-
coln, Fobn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaſter,Simon de Bur-
ley a famous Knight '7, F. de ** Beauchamp Warden of
the Cinque-Ports, F. Lord Latimer , Sir fobw Maſon,
William Herbert Earl of Pembroke, Nicholas Bacon Lord
Keeper, a pos of great condu&t and profound
judgment, Sir Philip Sidney and Sir Francis Walſing ham
ed nds Knights, &c. and '* Chriſtopher Hatton
Lord High Chancellour of England, to whole ſacred
+ Nepos. and laſting memory his + nephew ** William Hatton
of the ancient family of the Newports ( but by him
adopted into the name and family of the Hartons,)
dutifully ereted a magnificent monument, becoming
the dignity and high character of fo great aMan| m].
Beſides this, there is nothing of the Saxon work
that I know of remains in London ; for 'twas not
long they had enjoy'd a ſertl'd peace,when the Weſt.
Saxons ſubdu'd the Eaſt-Saxons, and London fell in- |
—
'7 A right noble Knight of the Garter exccuted by encroached authority without the King"; conſent.
*1 The good of England again{t thoſe porters.
*+ At their firſt mſtitution about A. D. 1113.
on.
23 $jr John Forteſcue.
27 Devour people. *® Tea and inthe opinzon, both of
ul man in his rime. 39 Upen
the elder a
the fe thi Verſe
3t But in proceſs of time, when with inſatiable greedineſs thay had hvarded great wealt! by withdrawing Tither from Churches, aptrovrintng ſpiritun”
livings to themſelves, and other hard means, their riches turned to their ruin. For thereby their former piety was |
at jarr with ether Religious Orders; their profeſſed Obedience ro the Patrim ch of JerufMem was rejeFed, ergy amr; to e117 [4.5 a
3 $ir Hugh Spercer.
which hope of gain among the becter ſort ſo enkinaled, that---—-
T
be the holineſs of the men and of :he place, King Henry 3.&c.
William the elder hus Tomb I jome years jcice read tm the upp.r pars
Miles eram Martis, Mars mulros vicerat armis.
ven upon a Religious deſign, contrary to the Will o Parry
ſtanding, it appears plainly by ancient Records, that
after the Templars were driven our, this place was
the ſeatof Thomas Earl of Lancaſter, and of that
3: Spenſer who was a great favourice of King Edward
13 $iz7 John de Billocampo or Beauchamp.
=e B-ſide; imo [ms 1W6N60Ver jor tho vt -
w; The Holy Land. 2” Pro! [img ſg (i ue T GE a3 =
- » Marſha!
Comes Pembrochiz, aus
fi FE A F446 I; i 4 ? A ; ;L p Jet -
; Br Cit
&
Io-
ene
CS _—_—
$17
MIDDLESEX.
318
the ſecond, as afterwards of ® Audomar de Valentia
Earl of Pembroke ; and at lalt it was turn'd into two
\Culcgia f Inns for Lawyers. Concerning the other two , [
have met with nothing upon record ; only chere
is a Tradition that one of them was the habitation of
the Lords Grey #%, the other of the Earls of Lin- | «
coin.
Near theſe, between the New and Old Temple ,
King Henry che third built a Houſe of Converts for the
maintenance of thoſe who turn'd from Judaiſm to
Chriſtianity z which afterwards King Edward 3.
made a place for the Rolls and Records , upon which
rztawles ACCOUNT It is at this day call'd the Rowles | 0.
buildings, and the ſtately houſes of ſome of the No-
bility upon the Thames, as far as Weſtminſter. The
molt conſiderable of them are || St. Bridgid's-Well,
where King Henry 8. built a Palace for the recepri-
on of the Emperour Charles the fifth ; but now it
js a houſe of Corre&ion ; Buckbarſt-houſe 35, belon
ing ſometimes to the Biſhops of Salisbury;® che houte
of the Carmelites ; the Temples betore-mention'd ;
7 Eſſex-houſe, built by the { ord Paget ; Arundel-
houſe * ; Somerſer-houſe, built by Seimor Duke of So-
merſet. Next, tor pals by the reſt, the Sawoy (fo call'd
from Perer Earl of Savoy, who liv'd in it,) which
Eleanor wife of Henry 3. bought of the Fraternity of
* Montjoy, and gave to her ſon Edmund Earl of Lan-
caſter ; whoſe poſterity had ic for a ſeat a good while,
. till Henry the ſeventh made ic a + Hoſpital for the
* Poor 9. Dwurham-houle, built by Anthony Bec Bilho
of Durham,and Patriarch of Jeruſalem . Yrk-houle
( for ſo ic has been call'd of late) tormerly *' Batch
houſe. But what do I giving particular names co
3; theſe F which do not belong to any one, but as For-
»,+« tune diſpoſes of them 2?
.. Weſtminſter, formerly above a mile diſtant, is now
by theſe Suburbs joyn'd ſo cloſe to London, that ic
ſeems to be part of it ; notwithſtanding 'tis a diſtin
City of it ſelf, and enjoys its own Magiſtrates and
Privileges. Onc2 it was calld Thorney , from che
thorns ; now Weſtminſter , from its weſterly ſituation
and the mimfter. For 'tis particularly eminent for that
Church, for its Hafl of Fuſtice, and the Kings Pa-
lace. The Church's greateſt honour is deriv'd trom
the inauguration and burial of our Kings in it. Sul-
cards affirms that there once ſtood in chat place a
Temple of Apollo, and that it was thrown down by
an Earth-quake in the time of Antonmus Pivs. Our
Theſe Suburbs run along in a continu'd ſet of |
of the Church is roof 'd with lofty Arches f ſquare work, \
T the joints anſwering one another ; but on bot fides it 15 | Paricom-
enclos d with & double Arch of ſtones firmly cemented and _—
knit rogerher. Moreover, the Croſs of the Charch ( made
to encompaſs the middle Qpire rhe || Singers , and by its | nent
ouble ſupporter on each ſide to bear up the lofty top of the w.
middle tower) firtt riſes ſingly with a low and ſtrong arch,
then mounts higher with ſeveral windmg Fairs artificially
aſcending, and laft of all with a ſingle wall reaches to the
wooden roof well cover'd with lead. But 160 years af-
ter, Henry the third demoliſh'd this Fabrick of Ed-
ward's, and erected a new one of curious workman-
ſhip, ſupported by ſeveral rows of marble Pillars,and
eaded over ; which was fifty years in building. This
| .
'the Abbots very much enlargd towards the welt;
and Henry the ſeventh, for the burial of himſelf and
* his children, added to the eaſt part of it a Chapel * $axem.
of a moſt neat and admirable contrivance (call'd by
Leland the miracle of the world; for you'd fay that all
the Art in the world is crowded into this one work,)
wherein is to be ſeen his own moſt ſplendid and
magnificent Monument , made of folid brats {q}.
After the expulſion of the Monks. it had ſeveral re-
volutions : firſt it had a Dean and Prebendaties ; next
one ſingle Biſhop, Thomas Thurlbey, who after he had
{quander'd away the revenues of the Church, pare it
up, and fyrrender'd it * to the Dean. Preſently af-
ter, the Monks and their Abbot were reltord by
Queen Mary ; but they being quickly ejeted by
Authority of Pertiamcs, Queen Elizabeth converted
|! Canenti-
| 1t into a Collegiate Church, nay, I may ſay a Nur-
ſery of the Church. For ſhe ſertl'd twelve Preben-
daries, as many old Souldiers palt ſervice, forty Scho-
lars ( calld Xmpg'*s Scholars ) lgnt ſuccetlively ro the
Univerſities , and chence tranſplanted into Church
and State, &c. Over all theſe ſhe conſtituted a Dean #;
which dignity not long fince was honourably bore
by Dr. Gabriel Goodman, a perſon of ſingular worth
and incegrity,and a particular Patron both ro me and
my ſtudies.
Thece were bury'd in this Church ( to run over Princes.
thoſe likewiſe in order, and according to their Dig- wetmin-
nity and the time when they dy'd:) Sebert firſt 44 ſter-Abvey.
King of the Eaſt-Anglcs; Harold ( baſtard-fon of
Canurus the Dane ) King of England ; St. Edward
King and Confeſſor, with his Queen Editha ; Maud,
wife to King Henry the firſt, and daughter to Mal-
coim King of Scots; Herwry the third ; Edward the
firit, his Ba, with Eleanor his wife, daughter to Fer-
of the ruins whereof Seber: King of the Ea't-Saxons
built another to St. Peter; which being deſtroy d by
the tenth peny of all his revenues,for a burying place
to himſelt, and a Monaſtery to the BenediQtine
Monks ; , endowing it with lands diſpers'd here and
there through all England. But hear a cotempora-
ry Hiſtoiian : The devout and piows King has dedicated
that place to God, both for its nearneſi to the famous and
wealthy city, for its pleaſant ſituation among f7 uitful ground,
and green fields, and for the nearneſs of that principal ri-
ver, which from all parts of the world conveys whatever
1s neceſſary to the adjoyning City. But above all , for the
love be bore to the I'rince of the Apoftles, whom he always
reverenc'd with @ ſingular zeal and weneration , he made
choice of that for the place of bis ſepulcbre. Then be or-
der'd a neble ſtrutinre ts be begun and built out of the tenths
of bis whole revenue. ſuch a one as might become the Prince
of the Apoitles; that after the tranſitory courſe of this life
be might find a propitiow God, both upon account of his
piety, and bis free offering of thoſe lands and ornaments
with which he deſigns to enrich it. IWhereupon , the work
thus nebly begun 1s ſucceſifully carry d on , without ſparing
for either preſemt or future charges ; ſo it may be made wor-
thy of and acgeptable ro God and the Bleſſed | Apoſtle]
Peter. Pleaſe alfo to rake the form of this ancient
Mp building out of an old Manuſcript: The * body
mmm
dinand, third King of Caftite and Leon. King E4-
. ward the third, and Philippa of Hanaulc his wite ;
the Danes, was re-edify'd and granted to a few.
Monks by Biſhop Dun/tan. But atterwards, King |
Edward \rnam'd the Confeſſor, built it anew out of.
Richard the ſecond, and Amne his wite, fiſter of the
Emperour Wenzelaws ; Henry the fitth , with his wife
Catharme , daughter of Charles the fixth, King of
France ; Ame, wife of Richard the third, anddaugh-
ter of Richard Nevil, Earl of Warwick ; Henry the
ſeventh, with his wife Elzabeth 4, and his mother
Margaret Counteſs of Richmond; K. Edward the ſixth;
Anne of Cleve,fourth wife to K. Henry 8. Queen Mary;
and one not to be mention'd without the higheſt ex-
preffions both of reſpe& and forrow ; I mean our late
moſt ſerene Lady Queen Elizabeth of bleſſed memory, queen 21;
the darling of England ; a Princeſs endow'd with he- 2444.
roick Vertnes, Wiſdom, and a greatneſs of Mind,
much beyond her Sex , and incomparably $kill'd
both in Things and Languages. Here ſhe lyes bury'd
in a ſtately Monument erected for her out of a pious
veneration by King James. Bur alas how inconſide-
rable is that Monument, in compariſon of the noble
qualities of fo great a Lady ! She her felf is her own
Monument, and a more magnificent and ſumptnous
one too than any other. For let thoſe noble aRi-ns
recommend her to the praiſe and admirarion of Po-
ſterity ; RELIGION REFORM'D, PEACE E-
STABLISHT , MONEY REDUCT TO. ITS
' TRUE VALUE, A MOST COMPLEAT FLEET
BUILT, NAVAL GLORY RESTOR'D, RE-
| BELLION SUPPRESS'D , ENGLAND FOR
"_ OO”
33 Sir Aimer de Valentia or Valence.
® Before call'd Ham Place.
Britain Burſe buils by
ton,
34 Wileon.
35 Or Salis
Jy Worcelh2r.buuſe late Boden beaſe Þ
us James I.
43 Over che/e jbe plas'd Dr. Bill Dean, whoſe Succeſſor Wace—--
PT
3* The White Friers,or &, 3 Then without the Barrs.
t. 42 And thereby the only ornament of th HW the
on- houſe, now begun by benny of Northamp-
Court,
#4 Cir
XLIINL
And :[tian,
——=
32
onda... Jai _
MY
TRINOBANTES.
— _—-—- - ”— —Io—— —_ ——_ _ —_—
— — ——— @O—— —
XLIUL YEARS TOGETHER MOST PRU-|
|] Primo
DENTLY GOVERN'D, ENRICHT, AND
STRENGTHEND, SCOTLAND FREED FROM
THE FRENCH, FRANCE IT SELF RELIEV'D,
THE NETHERLANDS SUPPORTED, SPAIN
AW*'D, IRELAND QUIETED, AND THE
WHOLE WORLD TWICE SAILU'D ROUND.
The Dukes and Lords [ that have been bury'd here |
are Edmund Earl of Lancaſter, younger fon to King
Hen. 3. Avelina de Fortibus, Counteſs of Albemarle,
his wife 5 William and Audomar de Valentia, of the
family of Luſignia, Earls of Pembroke ; Alphonſe,
Fohn, and other Children of K. Edward 1.; fobn
de Eltham Earl of Cornwall, fon of K. Edward 2. ;
Thomas de Woodſtock Duke of Gloceſter, youngeſt
ſon of Edw. 3. with others of his children ; Eleanor
daughter and heir of Humfrey Bohun, Earl of Here-
ford and Eſſex, wife to Thomas de Woodltock ; the
young daughters of Edw. 4. and Hen. 7.; Hemry,
young ſon of Hen. 8. who dy'd at 2 months old ;
Sophia, daughter of K. James 1. who dy'd || almoſt
zratis dili= 1\Jo0n as born; Philippa, Dutcheſs of York ; Lews,
culo,
Viſcount Robſert of Hanault, in right of his wife, Lord
Bourchier 3 Anne, the young daughter and heir of John
MoubrayD. of Norfolk,betroth'd coRich. D. of York,
younger fon to K. Edw. 4. + Giles Daubeney, Lord
Chamberlain to K. Hen. 7. and his wife of the fami-
ly of the Arundels 1n Cornwall ; Viſcount Welles ;
Frances Brandon Dutchels of Suffolk ; Mary her daugh-
ter ; Margaret Douglas Counteſs of Lenox, grand-
mother to James þ. of Great Britain, with Charles
her ſon ; Winefrid Bruges Marchionels of Winchelter ;
Anne Stanhop Dutchels of Somerſet, and Fane her
daughter; Ame Cecil Counteſs of Oxford, daughter
of Baron Burghley Lord high Treaſurer of England,
with her mother Mildred Burghley ; Elizabeth Berkley
Counteſs of Ormond ; Frances Sidney Counteſs of
Suſſex ; # Thomas Butler Viicount Thurles, fon and
heir ot the Earl of Ormond. |
Beſides, Humfrey Bowrchier Lord Cromwell; another
4 Humfrey Bourchier, fon and heir of the Lord Ber-
zers, both ſlain in Barnet-hght. # Nicholas Baron Ca-
rew ; the Baroneſs of Pows ; Thomas Baron Went-
worth; Thomas Baron Wharton ; John Lord Ruſſel;
Thomas Bromley T.ord Chancellour of England ; Dou-
glaſia '* Howard daughter and heir of Viſcount Bin-
don, wife of ** Arthur Gorge ; El:zabech daughter and
heir of Edward Earl of Rutland, wife of William
Cecil ; ** fobn Puckering, Keeper of the Great Seal
of England ; Frances Howard Counteſs of Hertford ;
Henry and George Cary, father and fon, Barons of
Hunſdon, and Lord Chambetlains to Q. Elizabeth ;
the beart of Anne Sophia ( the young daughter of
Chriſtopher Harley, Count de Beaumont, Embaſſador
in England trom the French King ) put in a golden
little Urn upon a Pyramid ; 53 Charles Earl of Devon-
ſhire, Lord Deputy of Ireland ; and Geoffrey Chaucer,
who being Prince of the Engliſh Poets, ought nor to
be paſsd by ; as neither Edmund Spencer, who of all
che Engliſh Poets came neareſt him in a happy geni-
us, and a rich vein of Poetry. There are alſo ſeveral
others, both Clergy, and Gentlemen of quality | r}.
Hard by, there was another College 5+ of 12 Ca-
nons, dedicated to S. Stephen ; which King Edw. 3.
rais'd to ſuch a royal magnificence, and endow'd with
« —————-
This Palace was really large and magnificent, a build: Fiz $4,
ing not to be equalld in that age, having a * vawmure, , *%
and bulwarks. For the remains of this, are the Cham. ©
ber wherein the King, the Nobility, and great Mi-
niſters of Starz, meer in Parliament ; and that next
to it, wherein our Forefathers 1s'd to begin theic Par.
liaments, cald the painted Chamber of S. Edward 5,
How bloody, black, hainous, and horrible, how
odious to God and man that a& was, whereby cer:
tain brutes in the ſhape of men, under that Arch:
traitor Fr. Catesby (by undermining, and placing a vaſt *:.c#..,
quantity of gun-powder under thoſe buildings) lately *'*
contriv'd the deſtruction of their Prince, Country
and all the Eſtates of the Kingdom, our of a ſpecious
pretence of Religion ; my very heart quakes to con-
Iider : and I cannot reflect, without the greateſt hor.
rour and aſtoniſhment, into what an inevitable dark.
neſs and lamentable ruin they would have thrown
this moſt flouriſhing Kingdom, in a moment. Bur
what an old Poer faid in a matter of leſs concern, we
may mournfully apply to our caſe:
Excidat illa dies awvo, ne poſtera credant
Secula, nos certe taceamuws, & obruta mult a
Notte tegi proprie patiamur crimina gent.
May that black day 'ſcape che record of fate,
And after-ages never know 't has been,
Or us at leaſt, let us the time forge,
And hide in endleſs night our guilty nation's ſin.
Near theſe is the }hbire-ball, wherein is at this day
the Court of Requeits. Below which, is that Hall
larger than any of the reſt, the Pratorium and Hall wei
of Juſtice for all England [ s]. In this there are held
Courts of Juſtice, namely, King*s-Bench, Common-
Pleas, Chancery ; and in places round it, The Star-
Chamber, the Exchequer, Court of Wards, Court of the
Dutchy of Lancaſter, &c. In theſe are heard Cauſes,
at the ſer ſeaſons or Terms of the year ; whereas before
the reign of Hen. 3. the General Court of Juſtice was Gui
moveable, and always follow'd the King's Court. ***
But he, in his Magna Charts made a law in theſe
words : The Common-Pleas ſhall not follow our Court, but
be held in ſome one certain place. 'Tho' there are ſome
who underſtand only by this, that the Common-Pleas
ſhould from that time forward be held in a diſtin&t
Court, and not in the Kmgs-bench, as formerly. The
* Hall which we now have, was built by K. Rich. 2. * Pr
as we learn from his Arms in the ſtone-work, and ®®
the + beams ; which ( having pull'd down that more +1:
ancient Hall built in the place by William Rufus ) he
made his own habitation. For then the Kings us'd
to hear cauſes themſelves, as being the amdmmau, or
Judges ; whoſe mouth ( as the Royal Pen-man has it ) Prov!
ſhall not err m judgment. Bur this Palace being burn'd
down in the year 1512. lay deſolate ; and a little af-
ter, Henry 8. remov'd the Royal Seat to a neighbour-
ing houſe that not long ſince was Cardinal Wolſey's ;
which they now call White-ball. This is a truly Royal
Palace, enclosd on one fide with a Park, reaching
co another houſe of the King's, built by K. Henry 8.
and call'd S. Fames's 57; on the other with the Thames.
A certain Poet, from it's Whitenef, has term'd i:
Leuceum.
Regale ſubintrant
Leucaum Reges (dederant memorabile quondam
ſuch large poſleflions after he had carry'd his victories |
thro' France; that he ſeems rather to have been.
Founder, than only the Repairer ; dewoutly conſidermy |
Atria, que mniveo candebant marmore, nomen )
Quod Tamilis prima eFt cut gloria paſcere cygnes
Lede0s, rauco pronus ſubterluut eſt.
$5 Robert Catcsby,
(as the Foundation-Charter has it) che great benefits of
Chriſt, whereby, out of hu rich mercy, we bave been pre-
vented upon all occaſions, delrvering us, altho' unworthy
of ..# from divers perils; and by the right band of bs
power mightily defending us, and giving us the vittory in
all the aſſaults of our enermes: 4 alſo, comforting us with
'
i
j
'
|
To the Leuceum now the Princes came,
Which to it's own white marble owes it's name.
Here Thames, whoſe ſilver ſwans are all his price,
Runs roaring by with an impetuous tide.
Hard by, near the Aues, ( fo calld becauſe 'twas Tix
unexpetted remedies in the cther tribulations and difficulties | formerly a place for keeping of Hawks, but is now
we have labour'd wider. Near this was a Palace, the | a beautiful ſtable for the King's horſes, ) there ſtancs
ancient habitation of the Kings of England from | a monument which King Edw. 1. erected in memo- Co
the time of S. Edward the Conteflor ; which in the | ry of Queen Eleanor, the deareſt husband to the molt ©*
reign of K. Hen. 8. was burat down by a caſual fire. | loving wife, whoſe tender afte&ion will ſtand upon
— — — —
46 $ir Giles Daubeney.
( inſtead of ) Nicholas Baren Carew,
{ ir/tead of ) Charles Ear! of Devon, C>-.
5© H. Howard.
5+ Of a Dean and, &c..
L.
i
&7 James Butler ( inftead of Thomas Butler.)
5" $7 Arthur Gorges.
7 Where anciently was a *pittl: for Maiden Leper:,
W:1%
+8 Sir Humfrey Bourchier. 49 Sir Nicholas Carew, Baron Care
2 $7 John Puckering. $3 Sir Charles Blunr, Fart © C.
ſ5 Becauſe the Tradition hold; that the Jaid King Eiward theran 4:c#-
record
. "ll MIDD'DESEX.
-Yepb, ; *—-—<—-—— — F* N
Wo record to all poſteriry.- She was daughter to Fer- |tower or military: fence, (from whence ir came to || Preren-
dinand 3. King of Caſtile; and marry'd to Edward r. | be. calld by an Arabick-name, Bariiacan. By; the;8 uhaciri” |
King ot England, with whom ſhe went into the | giit of Edw. 3. it became a:fcat of the Uſords ; from ileoerus
Holy Land. When her husband was treacherouſly | whom by'rhe #/lewgbbles ic deſcended tor%* Peregrane Marius:
wounded by s Moor with a peyſon'd ſword, and rather | Bertie-Lotd Willoaghby of Erecby, a perſon every way
1.crunue, grew worſe than receiv d any eaſe by what the Phyſicians of; a generous temper, .and a true. martial courage.
i apply d to it, ſbe found out a remedy, as new. and unheard | Nor are the Suburbs that ſhoot forth-rowards, the.
of, as full of love and endearment. For by reaſon of the north. eaſt;} and eaſt, leſs conſiderable; in- the tields
malignity of the poyſon, ber husband's wounds could not | whereof, whilſt Iamupon this work, there are digg'd:;
"x26 poſſibly be closd : but ſhe lick'd them dayly with ber own | vp:many fepulchral Veſſels, Seals, and Urns, with,
; rongue, and ſuck'd out the venomous humour, thinking. it ' Coins in ther. of Claudine, Nero, Veſpaſian, &c.. Glals.
a mo#t delicious liquor. By the power whereof, or rather | Vials alſo, with ſmall earchen veſſels, wherein was a
by the wirtue of a wife's tendernefi, ſhe ſo drew out the | {ort of liquid.Subſtance, which I ſhould -imagine to
poyſonous matter, that he was entirely cur'd of bus wound, | be either: an oblatian of wine and milk { us'd by the
and ſhe eſcap'd without catching any harm. What then | Romans at.the burning of their dead ) or chole odor
can be more rare than ths. woman's expreſſion of lowe? or | feraus Liquors mention'd by Statins,
what can be more admirable ? The tongue of a wife, f haviique liquores
anointed ( if 1 may ſo ſay) with duty and love to ber Arfuram lavere comam.
husband, draws from ber beloved thoſe poyſons which could | Ana RTE Keg Wie hat
not be drawn by the moFt approv'd Phyſician ; and what Pre NR RIG om reg on Mis natr,
many and mo#t exquiſite medicines could not do, u effected ; CPAC Gt 105 NG a |
purely by the lowe of @ wife. | This was a place fet apart by the Romans for burn-.
And thus much of Weſtminſter, which tho', as I | ing and burying their dead ; being; oblig'd by the
obſerv'd, is a City of it ſelf, and of a diſtin& Juriſdi- | Twelve Tables to carry them without the Cities, ind
ion, I have taken in along with London, becauſe | ©: bury chem by .the military . high-ways ©. And
it is ſo joyn'd to it by continu'd buildings, that it | thus, much of the land-ſide of the Gry (6) &.
ſeems to be but one and the ſame City. But; upon the river-ſide, and the fouch pays of it, Borough of
On the welt-ſide of the City, the Suburbs runs out | that large Borough of Sour bwark before-mention'd, "Yay wenn
Fo 2urh. . |
with another row of beautiful buildings, namely | joyn'd to the cicy with a bridge; firſt built on wooden p. 160.
Holborn, or rather Oldburn '*. 5 wherein are ſome Inns | pi. , where formerly inſtead ot a bexden (EPA Thedridge
dats for the ſtudy of the Common Law, and a houſe of | the water in a ferry. Alterwards, in the rien gl &.,
; the Biſhops of Ely, becoming the State of a Biſhop ; | John, they built. a-ngw one. of free-ltone, .3n gd Ml-
which they owe to Jobs Heuham Biſhop of that rable we py, with 19 Arches, belide ;
under Edward 3. The Suburbs grew hkewiſe gn the Wu- ; and. 1o continu'd * Verfarilis
north-ſide ; where Jordan Briſſr, a pious and wealthy Joe dome build-
Fo;;2lrs man, built an Houſe for tbe Knights Hoſpitalers of INence over all che
Wn S. Fobr of Fernſalerr, that way afterwards improv'd.in look upgn. the large-.
£
to the ſtatUlineſs of a Palace; and had a very beauti
ful Church with a high tower fo neatly carry'd up,
that while it ſtood, 'twas a ſingular ornament tv'the|
City. Ac their firſt Inſticution!?, they were fo hum-
ble while but poor, that their + Governour wasicall'd ||
Servant to the poor Serwarts of the Hoſpital at Forufalew'; |
Taiz, as that of the Templers;/ who- aroſe a little after; The
bumble Miniſter of the poor" Knights of the Tinaphe'®.
But what for their piety; arid bravery ur war, their
P:x5ort
7 condition came to be fo much alter'd from this mean
cy ſtare, by the. byunty of good Princes and private per- |
fons, that they even abotrmded in every thing!* For
about the year .1240. they had. nineteen' thouſand
I ordihips or Manours within Chriſtendom ; as the | © S-MaryQwer:Rbe,)'
Templers had nine chouſand. ( whoſe. revenues. here | Ponat deb: Arihe:a Norman: ; 45 aig. the
in England fell aifo atterwards to the Hoſpitelers: And | Biſhopy,ofWincheftes, buils, by, #1
this vaſt increaſe of revenues made them ſo effeFual | ſhop; about the year:t197.. for the uk
a paſſage to great honqurs, That cheir Prior waSreck-'| ſors;'1;From! this alopgite, Thames-ſj
on'd the firſt Baron of England, and fiv'd 'in great | weſtwardia continu'd line. of ho | COM-
{tate and' plenty, rill King Heriry 8. by che tat paſs,: within the, memaory- potats
on of bad Counſellors, 12ifd upon alt their fands'; | Pablaok-Strws, 'call'd by th
as he dif! alſo upon thoſe belonging to the Monaſte- |'inW profticuced und
nies : whichouc of 2 pious detign were dedicated -to
God's glory, and by the Canons of the Churgh:were
to be expended. ypon the maintenance of Brieſts,/ re-
lief of the poor, redemption of Captives, and the re- | at thadugaght:
Pair of Churches Near this -place, where: .thefs is | tiohs:they.are Mt
now a ſtately circuit of houſes, «was form @ rich |. expus-pextente UCLA Ce ANC intir-,
= Houſe of re Carthufians, built» by * ne ry meyer mity, But] do yethat they, ſd thoplace
Hainaulr, who got great-honour by his fervice'in the | in od&:lavguage Therktorts, from,chels 3aydy houſes, Stews.
French War under -Edward 3-' And (before that | but frbm;3he; tilh-ponddbere for the fattyn ||,Pikes,| Lacics
there was a very famous rch-yard, which in that | and&Tengh, and fcowring! © their: muc y,fenniſh
plague of London in-the-year- 1349. had above. fifty | talte.,n Her I have {ce 4he of Pikes,open'd
thouſind men _— it; as appeard by .am-Inſcri- | with:iaqknjte, ro ſhew- their and the gaping
Ption in brafs, -whereby 'ie was convey'd to 'poſte- | wotnds! ly.closd by. .the, conch of Tenches,
rity] e |, V ; £411, | and>by xheir-glutinous {img pectealy., heal'd up.
The Suburbs alſo which runs out on the.north-weſt | Among; theſe buridings, there 15 A;PIace tor, Bull-,
ſide of London, is large, and had formerly a-watch- | bating and; Bear-bating,: wich certain feveral Kennek
en ets.
TO ou" — —O Iu, 0 -— << — MD _ ——_—— =
Par.
IC-
-
et et
y G_— _ Ny) Pe Tr tt, /'# #4 \ Fd |
a The learned Dr: Hi; kin bas Saxbre Grammar has ubſerv'd, that the Church's name is not taken from ir's being over the 1:ver; but from
anding upon the banks ot it ; ee in Saxon lgnifying a bank,
is U herein food anciently the frft Houſe of Tempirrs buly- in the place new called Southampton Houſe. _ 5? the year 112.4. and _
*© Thu religious rd. w 4 in ob Rs Fee oy of Ballen had recover'd Jera The Brethren whereof wore @ white Os ther g
upper black gaymint, ant! by folentn profeſſion were bound to ſerve Pilgrims and poor people in the Hoſpital Wow John of Jeruſalem, _— e the
p4/ages thither : they charitably buried the dead ; they were continual in prayer, morified themſclues wit watchings and Jaſtings* ch * Cour
te0us and kind to the poor, whom they, called their Maſters, and fed with white bread, while themſelves I'd with brown, carried themleves | |
with great aufterity. Whore y they perch aſed to thamſelues the and. liking df dt farts. * Sir Walter Many. © Sor | Peregrine "Berty. _
© To pat paſſengers in mind hu t1)'y are, as thuſe were, ſuvjeck 81 martaiity. $+ Black Canms p >
' y» '#)
— —— -
TRINOBANTES
En
Canes (4+
thenai.
* Corpora
ſrve Colle-
Wards.
Tribus.
Prxfe-
us.
Mayor.
I41T.
1445.
Burſa.
1567. Qu
Royal Ex-
change.
Greſham-
College.
-ots
+Nolocomia
& Xenode-
chia.
+ Panno-
rum Lx-
nceoarum.
of Band-dogs, which are ſo ſtrong and bite ſo cloſe,
that three of them are able to manage a Bear , and
four a Lion. So that what the Poet ſaid formerly of
our Dogs, That they could break the necks of Bulls, is ve-
ry true : as is alſo what another obſerv'd, That they
are more fierce and eager than the Arcadian ones, fup-
pov'd to be engender'd of Lions | w ].
At what time this Borowgh was joyn'd to London
by a bridge, the City was not only enlarg'd, bur allo
modelld into an excellent form of Government ;
the Citizens being diſtributed into * Bodzes or Colleges.
The City it ſelf was divided into 26 Wards, and the
management of all publick concerns pur in the hands
of as many ancient Men{(call'd in our language from
their age, Aldermen; in Latin, Senatores,) each of
whom had the government of one Ward. And where-
as formerly they had for their chief Magiſtrate a
Port-reve, i. e. a | Governour of the City , King
Richard ordain'd two Bailiffs; inſtead of which
King John granted them the privilege of chooſing
a Mayor yearly out of their twelve principal Com-
panies, and of nominating two Vice-Comites or She-
riffs, the one call'd the King's, and theother the Ciry-
Sheriff.
After this new Government was eſtabliſht, cis in-
credible how it grew in publick and private Build-
ings, and is 'ſtil! growing ( the reſt of the Cities in
England rarher decaying.) For to pals by the Senare-
houſe, calfd Gyild-hal!, built with great beauty by
65 Tho. Knowles, Mayor ; and Leaden hall, a large and
curious piece of work, bile 'by Size Eire,for a com-
mon Garner to beat down the price of Corn in times
of dearth. That circuit of Pillats alfo(or the middle Fa-
mw,) Which the Common-people call rhe Burſe, but
ueen Elizabeth nam'd the Royal Exchenge, buile by
Sir Thomas Greſharn Knight, | for the uſe of Merchanes
and che ornament of che City. / *A magnificent thing
it is, whether you conſider the Structure it Rf, the
— of Merchimts -anee Srnnhpgn= wh or the varie
of Commodities; 'The lame perſon, being
admirer of Learning , conſecrated a
that he had in the Crty to the improv
Lees and ſerfled po Spent og ſix Profeſ-
ors,' of Divinity, Law, ' , A , Geoneeryy,
and AMufick ; thi I'ondon mighe | ons: 4 be, as it
&, a ſhop of all kind of wares, but a treafu
alſo%of Arts and Sciences/ To paſs by alſo the hou
of the'Hanfe-C « > the conveyance of - water
into all parts of the City by pipes under ground, and
neat Caf tes for the reception of it; together with the
new SG, lately contriv'd by Peter Mewrite,a Ger.
man of great ingenuity and induſtry, and by. the hel
of a wheel with little pipes plac'd at a certain level,
brings water om of che "Thames to a great part of the
Ci theſe, I ſay,it-iv its all parts ſo beautified
and Relipious houſes, that one would
ton ard 'Piety had made choice of it for
fidence. For it has in & 121 Churches, more
tha Rita? her VE 6a ſhow z Sy itals:
ahid particularly in Nurſery of - s, calld
Chriſt-Church ir maintains: about 29, +
and 1240-povr people that Hve apon Alms, &c. Tt
would Af tedious ito rift
t particularly upots the
excellency of its' Laws and'' Conſtitutions; the dig-
nity of irs Governours', loyaky and obelience to
cheir Prince, the courteouſneſs:bf the Clcizens , 'the
ſplendour of its buildings, the many choice and ex-
cellent Wits it products; the platiire of it's gardens in
the Suburbs, admirably ſtockr' wich foreign Herbs;
its numerous and well appomted fleet ; that incredi-
ble treaſure of all forts of Commodities ,: (particu:
larly it furniſhes Antwerp yearly with two! hundred
thouſand + woollen Cloaths, beſides what it ſends to
other places ;) and the great plenty of-whatever eji-
cher the or convenience of humane life re-
quires.” So what H. Junius ſays in his Ph:lippess is ve-
ry true : |
| —Tets opibuſque refertum
Lodinum, &- |; fas, numeroſo cive ſuperbum,
London, where circling riches ſtill return,
Where num'rous tribes the ſtately piles adorn,
And willing plenty ſhakes her fruicful horn.
And J. Scaliger in his Book of Cities :
Urbs anims numeroque potens, © robore gent is.
For number, ſtrength and conrage of her men
Great London's fam'd. —
London, if you youchſafe to read them :
Londinum gemino procurrit littore longe
e/Emula materne tollens ſua lumina Trot,
Clementer ſurgente jugo dum tendit in ortum.
Urbs peramena (itu, celoque ſoloque beata.
Urbs pietate potens, numeroſo crve ſuperba,
Urbſque Britannorum que digns Britannia dic;.
Hec nova dottrins Lutetia, mercibus Ormas,
Altera Roma 'viris, Cry[a&a ſecunda metals.
Stretch'd on a riſing hill berwixt the ſtrands,
London, her mother Troy's great rival ſtands.
Where heaven and earth theic choiceſt gifts beſtow,
And tides of men the ſpatious ſtreets o'reflow.
London ! the mighty image of our Iſle,
That we Great Br:tain ot it ſelf may ſtile.
Where Chryſe, Paru, Rome, and Ormas yield,
In metals, learning, people, wealth excell'd.
Henry of Huntingdon alſo in the time of King
On 5 , Writes thus in commendation of Lon-
on: |
Ibu & in noſtros dives Londonia verſus,
Que nos immemores non [ins eſſe twi.
*Quando tas arces, tus mania mente retratto,
Que vidi, videor canita widere mibi.
Fama loquax & nats loqui, moritura ſilendo,
Laudibus erubuit fingere falſa tuis.
And thou, rich London, ſhalt my verſe adorn,
Thou in my joyful mind art ever born.
When e're thy Ly towers,thy ſtately wall,
And all thy glories my glad thoughts recall,
My raviſh'd' foul ſtill (wells with tull delight,
And ſtill my abſent eyes admire the grateful ſighe,
Fame, that's all tongue, and would, it filent,dyc,
Of chee her greateſt theme nor dares nor necds to lye,
And another in a Poctical vein penn'd this :
Hae Urbs illa potens, cut tres tria dona miniſtrant
Bacchws, Apolle, Ceres, pocula, carmen, ador.
Hae Urbs illa potens, quam Funo, Minerva, Dians
Mercibws, arce, feris, ditat, adornat, alit.
A place where Ceres, Phebws, Bacchw joyn
Their three great gifts, Corn, Poetry, and Wine.
Which Pala, Zune, and chaſt hunting Maid,
With GP, goods, and beaſts, adorn, enrich, and
But my friend che famous Fobhn Jonſton of Aberdeen,
Profeſſor of Divinity in the Royal Univerſity of
St. Andrew's, has manag'd the ſubje&t more ſoberly :
Urbs Awguſta, cui calnmque, ſolumque, ſelianque,
Curque favent cunitis cunta elememta bonis.
Mitius baud uſquim cxlum eſt, uberrima Tells
Fandit inexbauſti germina lzts ſoli.
Et pater Oceans T amijeno gurgite miſts,
Comvehit immen/as totiues orbis opes.
Regali cults ſedes clariſſima Regum,
Gentis prafidium, cor, anima, atque oculns.
Gens entiqua, potens virtute & = bell,
Artium & omnigenum nobilitata opibus.
Simgula contemplare animo, attentuſque rmere,
Aut Orbem aut Orbis dixeris eſſe caput.
Renown'd Auguſta, that ſea, earth, and sky,
And all the various elemenes ſupply:
No peaceful climate breaths a foſter air,
Larga ubi facundo rerum undat copia corna.
_— —
—
ared years ſmce.
T
65 Sir Thomas Knowles. 66 Commonly call 's the Stil-yard, #5 the Exlterlings-yard., 67 As great and holy as it ut,
No fertile grounds with happier plenty bear:
—__—_—_
68 About four hwt-
Old
Another alſo hammer'd out theſe verſes concerning \y,,,_
4 { ns
MIDDLESEX.
—_—
«Orpheus's
wp
Old Ocean, with great Thames his eldeſt fon,
Makes all the riches of the world her own.
The ever famous ſeat of Britain's Prince,
The nation's eye, hearr, ſpirit and defence.
The men for ancient valour ever known,
Nor arts and riches gain them leſs renown.
In ſhort, when all her glories are ſurvey'd,
It muſt with wonder {till at laſt be ſaid,
She — world her ſelf, or is the world's great
But theſe matters, with others of this kind , are
handI'd more at large, and with more accuracy by
Fobn Stow, a Citizen of London and a famous Chro-
wicler, in his Survey of London but lately publiſher.
And fo I will take leave of my dear native place, af-
ter I have obſerv'd that the Laude of it is 51 De-
grees , 34 Minutes *; and the Longitude 23 Degrees,
and 25 Minutes : that * Fidicula, of the nature of
Venus and Mercury, is the Topick Star, which glances
upon the Horizon, but never ſets; and that the Dra-
4 ppacrs is lookt upon by Aſtrologers as the Yerti-
The Thames leaving Londen , waters Redcliff, a
neat little Town, inhabited by Sea-men ; and fo call'd
from the red cliff. Next , after it has took a great
winding, it receives the river Lea, thz Eaſtern bound
of this County ®, which yet has nothing ſituate up-
on it belonging to this ſhire, that's worth our notice.
For e/£delmton, has nothing remarkable but the name,
deriv'd from nobility : nor Waltham , but a Crofs built
by King Edward the firſt for the funeral
Queen Eleanor, from which ir has| part of] the name.
Only there is Enfield, a Royal ſeat, built by Thomas
Lowel (Knight of the Garter, and Privy-Councellor
to King Henry the ſeventh 7* ) as one may infer fram
mp of
the Arms. Near which is a place cloath'd wich green
trees, and-famous for Deer-hunting , .chace ;
formerly the poſleflion of the Magnevile Earls of Ef:
ſex, then of the Bobwns cheir Succeſſors, but now be-
longs to the _ of Lancaſter, ever ſince Henry
the King , marry'd a Daughter
and Co. heir of che laſt 71 Bohun. And almoſt
in the middle of this Chace, there are ſtill the ruins
and rubbiſh of an ancient houſe,which the common
from tradition affirm to have belong'd to the
An of Eſſex 7*,
owards the north bounds of Middleſex, a Military
way of the Romans, commonly call'd Watling ſtreet,
enters this County ; ing ſtraight along from the
old Verslam throu h Hamfel-beark ( from Shich one
has a curious proſpe& of a moſt beautiful City, and a
moſt Country.) Then, not where the Road
lies now through Hee, for that (as is before ob-
ſery'd ) was open'd only obout 300 years ago by
iffion of the Biſhop of London : but that more
ancient one ( as a by the old Charters of Ed-
ward the Confeſſor ) paſs'd along near Edgeworth, a Edgeworth.
place of no great antiquity ; ſo on to
Archbiſhop Danfn ag 4A born for promoting the
intereſt of Monkery ) purchasd for a few Bizanrine
_ of gold, and gave to the Monks of St. Peter's in
eſtminſter. Theſe Bizantini aures were Imperial
money coyn'd at Bizantium or Conſtantinople by the
Grecian Emperors ; but what the value of it was, I
know not. There was alſo a fort of filver-money
calld ſimply
, Which H-adon.
Bizanti; and Bizantini, which ( as I Bizantine
have obſerv'd here and there in ancient Records)were <%*
valu'd at two ſhillings, But leaving thoſe matters to
the ſearch of others, I will go forward onthe Journey
I have begun.
In ths County, without the City, there are about 73 Pariſhes; within the City,
Liberties and Suburbs, ©2121.
s Our modern Mathemaricians will only allow ir 32 minutes.
main 1 the
but 1 $6.
& When it bath coll-Hed his divided fiream , and cheriſhed fFuitful Mariſb-meadows.
1* As for the the title of Middleſex, the Kings of England have wouchſafed it to none, neither Duke ,
Wrothes of ancient name in this County.
Marqu: ſs, Earl, or Baron.
e This muſt needs be a miſtake of the Printer for 121. as we find it in ſome ©-
ther Copies. Bur neither will that account be rrue. For excluding the ſeven Pariſhes in the Cities and Liberties of Weſtminſter (which Lhggetn
chrown into the County) and the our pariſhes of Middleſex and Surrey (which can none of them reaſonably be accounted in Loadon,) there wi
Ciry Libertics and Suburbs bur 1 13 Pariſhes, as plainly appears by the Bills of Mortality. And in the whole County and City rogerher,
arc
I re-
70 And Durance neighbour thereto a houſe of the
ADDITIONS to
H E Extent of this County being very ſmall,
and our Author (a native of it) having al-
ready been very nice and copious in its
deſcription ; the Reader muſt not expe
any great advance, either in the corretions or addi-
tions to It.
(a) The firſt place that admits of further remarks,
's Uxbridge, made more famous ſince our Au-
thor's days, by a treaty there held Far. 30. 1644.
temp. Car. 1. between the King and Parliament then
ſrring at Weſtminſter. Of which we have a full rela-
tion given us by Sir William Dugdale in hisView of the
late Troubles, printed at Oxon 1681. to which I refer
the Reader for a more particular account.
[b' Afffer Uxbridge , Stanes is the next Market-
Town that offers it ſelf to our conſideration, which
though ſome would have fo named from a Roman
Miliarium here placed; yet I rather incline to agree
with our Author in his conjeture. For Stanes doth
not lye upon the Roman way berwixt London and Pon
tes, or any other of that kind ; upon which the Mi
karia or mile-{tones were only fete, An Army of
Danes in the year 1009. after they had burnt Oxford,
returning on the Thames ſide, and hearing that an
Army from London was coming againſt them, paſt
the River'at this Town as the Saxon Chronicle cells
us; and fo went into Kenr, to repair their Ships.
{© ] Below Lalam,where Czfar croſſed the Thames,
within view of the River, ſtands Harrow on the bill,
being the higheſt ground in this whole County ,
and therefore made choice of by William Bolton the
laſt Prior of great St. Bartholomew's in Smithfield,
MIDDLESEX:
to build him a houſe on, to preſerve him from &
Deluge which was prognoſticated from certain E-
cliples in watery ſigns, and was to happen in the
y I524- With this not only the vulgar , bur alfo
men were ſo unreaſonably infatuated , that
they victuall'd themſelves ( as both Hall and * Speed
confidently report) and went to high grounds for
fear of being drown'd. Amongſt whom was this
Prior, who not only provided himſelf with a houſe
here at Harrow, but carried all forts of proviſions with
him thicher, to ſerve him for the ſpace of ewo months.
* Chron.in
AN. p.1014-
Mr. + Stow I acknowledge would have all this to be # "vey,
a fable, and that Prior Bolton being alſo Parſon of
Harrow, did only repair his Parſonage-houſe , and
build a Dove coat to ſerve him. with that fort of fowl,
after he was ſpoiled of his Priory: but the date of
this Deluge, and the diſſolution of the Priory (which
was not cill Anno 1539. 3o Hen. 8.) not well agree-
ing, I know not what to ſay to it, but izave it to the
Reader's deciſion.
P. $17,419
[d] As for the Royal Palace of Hampton Cour, in- Hampton
viron'd, both Houſe and Parks,on three fides with the
River Thames, and conſequently enjoying as pleaſanc
a ſituation, as the prudence of its firſt founder Car-
dinal Wolſey could lele& for it ; ic was indeed (as our
Author ſays) a piece of work of great magnificence
for the age it was built in : but the additions made
to it by their preſent Majeſties, do fo far excel what
it was before, that chey evidently ſhew what vaſt ad-
vancements Architecture has receiv'd ſince that time,
The gardens alſo are improv'dto a wonderful degree,
not only in the walks both open and cloſe, and the
X 2 great
aurrt.
327
TRINO®
ANTES,
a
ſp:ctive Countries , whereof they are natives. In
B entford,
* Con.
Sax. 11 An-
no 1016.
Ibidem.
| great variety - of Topiary-works ;-but with Green- |
houſes too,: baving itoves-under them, fo artificially
contriv'd, that all foreign plants are there preſerved
in gradual heats, ſuitable ro the Climes of their 1e-
ſhort, the whole ſeems to be dehgn'd with. fo much
magnihcence, that when it is finiſhr, the nobieſt Pa
laces mult fall ſhort of ir.
[e] Somewhat lower upon the river lyes the town
of Brentford, where the T hames was anciently fo ea-
lily forded, and is ſo ſtill (1 mean at oid Brentford ,
there being now at low ebb not above three foot
water) that (belide the inſtance mention'd by our
Author,)*King Edmund pait the Thames again at the
ſame place, and went thence into Kent alter the E-
veyed it back to:the. fame King, to build. an Ho.
{pital in the place of ic,for the maintenance of wound-
d and ſuperannuated Soldiers; which being. begun
by him, was carried on by. his Succeſſor King 7ames
the ſecond , and is finiſhe and furniſhe with all forts
of Neceſlaries and Conveniencies by their preſent
Majelties. *Tis indeed a Structure well ſuiting the
muniticence of its Royal Founders ; being more no-
bly accommodated with all forts of Otfices , and
adorned with more ſpatious walks and gardens, per-
haps than any Nobleman's houſe or College in the
Kingdom.
({h ] Hence our Author brings us to London, the 1...
capital city of England, where he firſt gives us an
account of it's various names, and etymologies of
them ; to which I ſhall only add, * that it was allo * Ci,
neny, where he prevaild fo againſt them, that he
drove them into Shepey. Since which time I do not |
; denbuph ; and has another etymology given us of
It's Latin name by the judicious Mr. Somner, F who *6-7n44
derives it from the Britiſh Llawn, plenus, frequens , and i"
tind any thing of moment that ever happend here
till 1642. when King Charles 1. ( coming alter his
victory at Edghill with his forces from Oxford towards
London) with the loſs but of ten men, beat two ot
the belt Regiments of the Parliament-forces out of
this town, kill'd their Commander in chief, took 5 oo
Priſoners, as many Arms , eleven Colours, fitteen
pieces of Canon, and then marche to Oarlands,
Readmg,and ſo back again to Oxford. In which acti-
on the right honourable Patric Ruthen Earl of Forth
in Scotland, performing the part of an expert and
valiant Commander, was krlt made General of the
King's Army ; and in further conſideration ot his
calld by the Saxons Lundone, Lundune, and Lun- **
| dyn, homo; or din (the ſame with dinas ) urbs, crvitas ;
either of which joyned with Llawn, will fignitie a
| populous place, as London has always been.
[11] As to the original of the City, tho' we have _
| no certain account, it not being clear that there was ©? *%
any ſuch place in Cz/ar's time, and yet a great town
of trade in Nero's, as Tacitms witnelles ; doubtleſs it
muſt be founded within that little compaſs of time be-
tween thoſe Emperours and in all probability ( as
the learned {| Biſhop of Worceſter thinks ) about the ||%ish:
eminent ſervices, by Letters Patents bearing date at | time ot Claudins, and inhabited by the Romans and ***
Oxford, May 27. 20 Car. 1. advanced to the dignity |
Britains together, being a crading, tho* not a mili-
of an Earl, by the title of Earl of Brentford in this | tary Colony ( as Camulodunum was ) from the very
County ; upon account ( no doubt ) of that parti- |
cular ſervice he did here. | |
Near the Raman high-way which paſſes through
this town and fo over Hownſlow-heath toward Pontes, |
lyes the village of Arlington, alias Harlington, which |
having been the ancient ſeat of the Bemnets, and par- |
ticularly of Sir Henry Bennet, principal Secretary ot |
State, and one of the Privy Council to King Charles
the ſecond ; when his Majeſty thought fit co ſet a |
mark of Honour on him, tor the many ſignal fervi- |
ces he had done the Crown, in the Court, the Camp, |
and in toreign Embaflies, this place was thought
of, as moſt proper for his title, whereof he was firſt |
created Baron, afterwards Earl , and quickly atter
made Knight of the moſt noble order of the Garter, |
and in Sept. 1674. Lord Chamberlain of the Houſe- |
hold.
[f] Below Brentford, on the other ſide of the ri-
ver, lyes Fulbam, in Saxon, Fullan-hamme, and Ful-
lan homme, remarkable not only for che Biſhop of
London's houſe there, but ( as the Saxon Chronicle
and that of Mailros both tell us) for an Army of the
Danes wintering there An. Dom. 879. whence they
decampt the ſame year, and went into Flanders, then
call'd Fnonc-lans, and encampt themſelves at Gaunt,
where they remain'd another year.
ſg] And below that Chelſey, where a College was once
defign'd for Students in Divinity, and others,who were
to make it their whole buſineſs to oppoſe the Church
of Rome; as appears by an A& of Parliament 7 Fac.1.
and a Declaration (et forth by the ſame King An.1616.
ſpecifying what mov*'d the King and State to ſound
this College, and why here rather than at either of
the Univerſities ; for account whereof refer the Rea-
*c. der to Mr. * Sroufs Survey. For the furtherance
whereof the King fent his Letters to the Archbiſhop
of Canterbury, to move all the Biſhops and whole
Clergy of his Province, to put to their helping hands;
which though actually done, and in a time of deep
+ 5. Hern's Peace, and + thobgh eagerly ſollicited by Dr. Surcliff
Arlington.
CO ———_
Fulham.
Chelſcy.
D ms. Dean of Exeter, the firlt deſign'd Provoſt, and our
na, p.;s. Author Mr. Camden, who was one of the Fellows of
it; yet the building ic ſelf (not to mention the want
of endowments ) could never be further advanced
than the outward ſhell of a College.
In which condition it ſtood till the Reſtoration of
King Charles the ſecond ; who quickly after, erecting
another Royal Society ar London for promoting natu-
ral knowledge, gave it tothem : tut they never at-
beginning. Bur it flouriſh'd not long ; for in the ve-
ry next reign of the Emperour Nero, upon that grand
revolt of che Icen: and Trinobantes under Boodicia, his
Lieutenant Suetonizs Paulmms judging it not tenible,
and taking away from it to his aid the choiceſt of the
Citizens, it was quickly fack'd by the Britains, and
the remaining inhabitants barbarouſly maſlacred,
without any regard to ſex or age.
So that I cannot fo fully agree with our Author,
when he aſlerts that this has been a Cir
quam magnu calamitatibus conflittata, that ſcarce ever mitis
engag'd any great Calamity. For not only in it's
intancy, but when grown to a greater bulk, in the
year 839. in the reign of King Erbelwolf, it was fur-
prized by the Danes, and the Citizens inhumanly
butcher'd. Quickly after, in the year 8x. it was
again fack'd by the Danes, the army of Beorh:-
wulf King of Mercia, who came to it's defence, be-
ing totally routed. Again in the year 872. in the
days of King Erhelred, the Danes took it, and win-
rer'd in it. And ſo again An. 1013. after a great fight
with Swane King of Denmark who beſfieg'd it, the
Citizens were art laſt forc'd to admit him and his
army to winter 1n it, and to pay him ſuch tribute as
he demanded. Laſtly, in the year 1016. it was twice
beſieg'd, and fo much ſtreighten'd by Canutus, that
they were neceſlitated in fine to receive him intothe
City, give him winter quarters, and to buy their
peace with a ſum of money *. Not to mention the « c-
grievous inſults that were made upon it of later years ** *
by Wat Thler and Fack Straw, temp. Rich. 2. An. 1381. ©
of Fack Cade ( otherwiſe call'd by his followers 7:bn
Mend-all) An 1450. temp. Hen. 6. and the baſtard Fai-
conbriage, temp, Edw. 4. An. 1481.
Nor has it ſuffer'd only by the ſword; it being
much waſted by fire,as || Ranul/pb Higden tells us, An. jp,
C'S
983. And in the year xc77, in the days of William
the Conquerour, it was alſo conſumed by ſo great 4
fire, as had not happen'd to it ( as the Saxon Chio-
nicle expreſles it ) ſince it's foundation. + Quickly +
ater again, in the ſame King's reign, An. 1086. the
Church of S. Paul was quite burnt down, with the
greateſt and moſt ſplendid part of the City, | Again |"
in the year 1135. the firſt of King Stephen, by a tire *”
which began in Cannon-ſtreet near London-ſtone,
the City was conſumed from thence to the Eaſtward
as far as Aldgate ; to S. Paul's Church Weſtwatd ; and
to the South as far as Southwark ; the bridge ( then
of timber ) being quite burnt down. It was atcer-
cempting any thing toward finiſhing or uling it, con:
wards rebuilt of ſtone, 2nd houſes ſet upon it, but
* | _
WIN
Suffer'd &-
VIX MWN* tor Cl
5 +
« C7
” 57 _-
G—_—_—
MIDDLESEX.
wichin four years afcer ic was finifh'd (An. 1212. )
upon occalion of a fire in Soutbwark, ( whillt a mul-
ticude of people were pafling the bridg?, either to
extinguiſh, or to gaz2 at it, ) on a ſudden the houſes
on the North end of the bridge, by a ſtrong South
wind, were ſet on fire. So that the people chrong-
ing berwixt ewo fires, could now expect no. help but
from the veſſels in the river, which came in great
numbers to their afliſtance ; but the mulcicade fo un-
adviſedly ruſh'd into them, that they were quickly
-% overſer, and the people drown'd ; and berwixe fire
- 5. and water, there periſh'd above 3000 perſons F. Alſo
Feb a3. An. 1033 a third part at leaſt of che ſame
+ bridge was again burnt down ||.
Burt the moſt dreadful fire that ever befell this
great City, was that which happen'd within our
own memory, viz. on Sunday dept. 2. An. 1666.
which beginning in Pudding-lane, in three days time
( being driven by a freſh eaiterly wind) conſumed
no leſs than 89 Churches, the Guild-hall, Hoſpitals,
Schools and Libraries, 15 entire Wards of the 26,
icaving 8 of the reſt half burnt and miſerably ſhat-
rer'd. In this compaſs were 400 ſtreets, and in them
13209 houſes, which cover'd no leſs than 436 acres
of ground. It deſtroying all on the Thames-ſide,
from that of Allbalows Barkin to the Temple Church,
and all along from the North-eaſt walls of the Ci
to Holburn-bridge : and when all artificial helps fail'd,
it languiſh'd and went out of it ſelf, tho* amongſt as
combultible buildings as any it had burnt before. In
memory whereof, near the place where the fre be-
"an, is erected a magnificent Pillar ( ſomewhat re-
embling, except the Imagery, thoſe of Trajan and
Antonine at Rome ) of 202 foot high, which equals
exactly the diſtance of the Pillar from the place where
the fire firſt began.
ſk ] In which Conflagration, the magniticent
Church of St. Pauls did not eſcape ; the foundation
whereof was laid fo very large, that (as our Author
notes ) tho' the whole revenues of the Biſhoprick for
20 years together were given toward it by Richard
Beaumes, ſucceſſor to Mavricius the firſt founder ;
yet they ſeemed fo little ro advance the work, that
his ſucceſſors, and all others, deſpaired of its ever
being finiſh'd, at leaft by private hands. Where-
fore, they were forced to apply themſelves to the
bounty of all good people throughout the Realms
both of England and Ireland, as appears by the hor-
ratory Letters of ſeveral Biſhops of both nations, to
the Clergy under their charge, for recommendation
of the bulineſs to their particular Congregations. By
which Letters there were Indulgences granted for re-
leaſe of Penance enjoined, extending to certain num-
bers of days, to all ſuch as being truly penitent, ſhould
afford their afliſtance toward this great work ; which
Indulgences were not only granted to the Contribu-
tors toward ir, but alſo to the Sollicitors for Contri-
butions, and to the very Mechanicks who laboured
"I. Ka. - os
& Paul's,
By this means, in the ſpace of about 72 years, viz.
An. 1312. it ſeems to have been finiſh'd, being paved
that year with good firm marble which coſt 5 9. per
foot. An exa&t meaſure was then alſo taken of it,
which being written in a Tablet in large CharaQters,
heretofore hung on the north part of the Quire, from
whence our Author ſeems to have taken the dimenſi-
ons ; for he differs in nothing from what was expreſt
in the Table, but in the height of the ſteeple. Tho'
the height of the tower indeed from the level of the
ground was 260 foot, and the height of the fpire
above it 274, as he ſays; yet the whole, wiz. both
of rower and ſpire, did not exceed 520 foot, as is
teſtify'd by the Tabler, ( whereof there is a MS. Co-
Py in the publick Library in Cambridge; ) and this
is 14 foot ſhort of the height mention d by our Au-
thor, who makes it 534. foot high, agreeable to the
two dimenſions of the tower and ſpire added toge-
ther, which muſt indeed have been true, had the
ſpire riſen from the ſummit of the battlements; where:
25 I ſuppoſe it roſe { as the ſpires of moſt ſteeples do)
much below them; the bartlements here riſing 14
loot above the baſe of the ſpire, which muſt occaſi-
on the difference. |
-
Nor is our Author only out in the height of the
to be 720 foor long ) but defective in the dimenſions
of the Ball and Croſs, which were alſo ſet down in
che ſame Tablet. The Ball above the head of the
ſpire being ſo very large, that ic would contain in it
ten buſhels of corn, and the length ofthe Croſs above
the ſaid Ball or Pommel 15 foot, and the traverſe 6.
In which Crofs the reliques of divers Saints were pur
by Gilbert de Segrave then Biſhop of London, co the
intent that God Almighty by the glorious merits of
his Saints ( whoſe reliques were cherein contained, )
would vouchſafe to preterve the ſteeple from all dan-
ger of tempeſts. Bur how ineffeAual thoſe matters
were for that purpoſe, after-ages ſhewed ; for within
132 years after, viz. An. 1444. 22 Hen. 6. the ſhaft
or Spire was fired by Lightning, which tho' happily
quenched by the labour of many well diſpoſed peo-
ple, yet did ſo much harm, that it was not ſuthici-
ently repaired till the year 1462. 2 Edw. 4. when
a coſtly Weathercock of Copper gilt Tthe length
whereof from head to tail was = the breadth
over the wings 3 foot and a halt, IS pounds weight)
was added to it ; the Crols whereon it ſtood {( that
from the Ball upwards was 1 foot 6 inches long ; and
the traverſe 5 foot 10 inches ) being made within of
firm Oak, and cover'd firſt with Lead, which was
plated over again with Copper varnilh'd red, the Ball
being alſo of Copper gilt, in compals 9 foot and one
inch, as appeard by meaſure at the taking of ic down
for it's better repair An. 1553. 1 Mariz.
And thus being brought once more to perfection,
it ſtood not much above an hundred years, but a
more deplorable miſchance befell it again by Light-
ning, July 4. An. 1561. 3 Eliz. whereby the ſhafr
was firſt ſet on fire about 3 yards from the top; which
being wholly conſumed, it next ſeized the roof of the
Chucch and Iles, burning down all the rafters, and
whatever elſe was liable to it, in 4 hours time. The
repair hereof was proſecuted with that zeal and dili-
ence by the Queen, Clergy, and Layity, that in,
pr. 1566. all the roofs of timber were perfe&ly ti.
niſt'd, and cover'd with lead: only the ſteeple (tho?
divers models were thcn made of it ) was left imper-
tet, which continued ſo, notwithſtanding the at-
tempts made towards it's farther reparation temp. * +
Fac, 1, and by Archbiſhop Laud temp. Car. 1. till it Ibidem.
was again wholly conbents juſt a hundred years after,
in that dreadful Conflagration above-mention'd, An,
1666. In the account whereof I have been thus
particular, becauſe even what the fire it ſelf leſt, is
now alſo demoliſh'd to the very foundation, in order
to the ſtructure of that ſtupendous pile, now ereRing,
the charge whereof is chiefly ſupported by an impalt
on Sea coal ; which certainly is a much better fund
than that of Benevolence, whereby the former
Church was built. The deſcription hereof ( becauſe
not yer near perfected ) I leave to poſterity.
of S. Paul covers the ſame ground where there anci-
ently ſtood a Temple of Diana in the times of Paga-
niſm, induced thereunto by the name of ſome adja-
cent tenements, which the and Chapter in their
Leaſes call Camers Diane ; and the Stags-head fix'd
upon the point of a ſpear, and carry'd about the
Church in ſolemn proceflion, ſuitably to che ancient
devotions to Diana. Much rather ſhould I have
founded ſuch an opinion upon the witty conceit of
Mr. Selden, who ( upon occaſion of ſome Ox-heads,
ſacred alſo to Diana) diſcover'd in digging the foun-
dations of a new Chapel on the fouth-fide of S. Pauls
An. 1316. would inſinuate that the name of Londen
imported no more than Llan Dien, i. e. Templum Dia-
nx. For as for the tenements call'd Camera Diane,
they ſtood not ſo near the Church as ſome would
have us think, but on S. Pawls-wharf-bill near DoFors
Commons, and took their denomination from a ſpaci-
ous Building full of intricate turnings, wherein King
Hen. 2. ( as he did at Woodſtock ) kept his hearts de-
light, whom he there call'd Fair Roſamund, and here
Diana. Of which winding vaults there remain'd
ſome parts in Mr. Srow's rime, as alſo of a paſſage Survey,
under ® 75:
ee... AM
ſteeple ( and length of che Church too, if Sow may Forr:y, p.
be believed, who in the year 1599. ſays it was found 3**
[1] As to what ſome conjetture, that the Church Pianr's
TRINOBANTES ©
WD
—
A
Perſons bu-
ried in this
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pro ep wr rn pro Ig
_ MD OY ——DNBUgNnr PGF re CANCER p_
under ground from Baynard's Caſtle to it ; which
poflibly might be the King's way to his Camera Dia-
”& , or lecret apartment of his beautiful Miſtreſs.
And as to the donation of a Buck annually to the
Dean and Chapter on the feaſt of the Commemora-
tion of St. Paul, and carrying the head in proceflion
before the Croſs; it was fo far from being a relique
of Paganiſm, that it ſeems to have been a plain com-
poſition berwixt the Church and the Family of Baud,
vf no older date than the
22 Acres of Land, parcel of their Manour of Weſtley,
granted to Sir William Baud, to be took into his Park
at Coringham in Eſſex. Which being an acknowledg-
ment ſo naturally ariſing from the uſe of the Grant,
I cannot imagine there ſhould be any thing more
in't *.
Bue though this do not much countenance the
opinion,yer ought it not to be altogether rejected, as
receiving ſome confirmation from the pieces of An-
tiquity dugg up hereabouts. For in making the foun-
dation of thy new Fabrick, among other things they
caſt up the teeth of Boars and of other beaſts, a piece
of a Buck's horn, with ſeveral fragments of Veſſel: ,
which by the figure one would imagine to have been
usd in their Sacrifice. A great number of thele
( with an entire Urn, a Lamp, and other things be-
longing to the Roman Funerals, and dugg up in
Goodman's-fields,) are in the hands of my ingenious
Friend Henry Worſley of Lincolns-Inn, Eq.
[m] To conclude the Hiſtory of St. Paul's, our
Author gives us a breviat of the royal and noble per-
ſons interr'd in it ; to whom we muſt needs add Ro-
bert Braybrook Biſhop of London, and ſometime Lord
Dugd.Hift. high Chancellor of England, who dy'd Aug. 27. An-
of Sr.Pauls. 19 1404. F Hen: 4. above 260 years
fore the ruin
of this Church in 1466. yet upon pulling down the
ſtone-work, and removal of the rubbiſh, his body
was found entire, the skin (till incloſing the bones
and fleſhy parts ; only in the breaſt there was a hole
(made I ſhppoſe by accident) through which one
might either view or handle his lungs. -The skin was
of a deep tawny colour, and the body very light, as
appear'd to all who came to view and handle it, it
being expos'd in a Coffin for ſome time without an
thing of an ill ſmell ; and then reinterr'd. To whic
Mr. * Stow gives us a parallel Hiſtory in this very Ci-
ty, in the corps of one Alice Hackney, wife of Richard
Hackney Sheriff of London 15 Edw. 2. An. 1321.
whoſe body being dugg up by the Labourers in A.
pril Anno 1497. (as they were working the foundati.
ons of a Wall in the Pariſh Church of St. Mary-bill )
was found with her skin whole, her bones all in their
natural poſture, and the joynts of her arms pliable ;
but yielding an ill ſmell, after ic had been kept four
days above ground. In which two laſt points, this
( though equally entire) differ'd from the former :
whence 'tis very evident they had in ancient times,
more ways than one of preſerving the dead from cor-
ruption, as well as now.
(n] And laſtly , tro conclude his account of the
whole City, he gives us relations out of Malmsbury
and Fitz, Stephen, of its excel; in trade and magni-
tude at the time of the Conqueſt, and increaſe in both
ſince ; the Subu: bs in his time having extended them-
ſelves in one continued range of building as far as
Weſtminſter. To which let me add its further ad.
yancement in our days , which hath been fo very
great, that ( as the ingenious f Sir William Petty hath
probably computed ir, from the number of the bu-.
rials and houſes in each City) the City of London in
Anno 1683. or thereabout, was as big as Pars and
Rouen ( the two beſt Cities of the French Monarchy )
put together ; and that now ( above 7 parts of 15
having been new buiit ſince the great fire, and the
number of inhabitants increaſed near one half , the
cotal amounting to near 700000) it is become equal
co Pars and Rome put together.
; oO] In the Suburbs he takes notice of the moſt
eminent buildings, and amongſt them of the Rells in
Chancery-lane, which was founded by King Hen. 3.
Anno 1233. inthe 17th of his reign (in the place of a
l
Jews houbs to him forfeited) for the ſupport of con-
verted- Jews , and therefore ſtiled Domus Converlorum; |
d of Edw. 1. in lieu of
where all ſuch Jews and Infidels converted to the
Chriſtian Faith, had ſufficient maintenance allowed
them, were inſtructed in che DoRrine of Chrilt, and
liv d under a Chriſtian Governour ; till Anno 1290.
when all the Jews were baniſhte out of the realm :
by which means the number of Converts neceſſarily
decaying, and the houſe becoming as it were depo-
| pulated, it was granted to William Burſtall, Cuſtos Ro-
| tulorum, by Letters Patents bearing date F1 Edw. 2
; for keeping of the Rolls, which Grant was ratified in
; Parliament x Rich. 2. and by other Letters Patents
6 Rich. 2. Notwithſtanding which Grant and Ra-
tiications, all converted Jews have ever ſince been
allowed ( and will be hereafter, as often as any ſuch
ſhall appear) one penny balf perny per diem toward their
maintenance : which allowance was paid to Peter Sa-
muel and Fobn Maza,two converted Jews, Amo 1585.
2 Fac. 2. as appears by the Maſter of the Rolls ac-
count in the Hannaper, and a Con#ar out of the Pel!-
; office, both of the date above-mention'd ; who were
| the ewo laſt I can find that ever enjoy'd this be- , ,\..
' nefie ®. Capelits
[Þ] In the Suburbs lying along the Thames-ſide,
| betwixt Temple-barr and Weſtminſter , were many
; other houſes as well of the ſpiritual as temporal No-
bility, beſide thoſe mention'd by our Author. For
the iſhops of Exeter, Bath and Wells, Salubury, Lich-
| field and Coventry, Worceſtcr, Norwich, Landaff, Carliſle,
| Durham, and the Archbiſhop of Tk, bad all anci-
ently houſes here: and fo had the Dukes of Buckimg-
bam, and the Earls of Exeter, Worceiter and Northam-
berland ; as the Dukes of Somerſet and Beaufort, the
Earls of Bedford, Salubury, and Rivers, have ali ſtill
houſes remaining here.
[q] From the Suburbs our Author proceeds next
to the Abbey-Church of Weſtminſter , and the mag. agg
nificent Chapel of King Henry 7. which be erected '
in the place of the Chapel of our Lady ( built be-
fore with the Church by King Henry 3.) and a Ta-
vern near adjoyning ; both which being pulPd down,
he laid the foundation of this, Far. 24. 1502 ferch-
ing moſt of the ſtone from Huddlefone-quarrey in
Yorkſhire. The whole charge of it amounted to no
leſs than 14000 pound ſterling. His own Tomb of
brafs is here richly gilt , made and finiſhe Anno 1519.
by one Peter a painter of Florence , for which he had
aid him ( for materials and workmanſhip ) a thou-
lms pound ſterling by the King's Executors F. p.499
The School, as it is famous for the great fervice it rhe 56x
has done both to Church and State ; ſo is ic more
particularly memorable for the relation our Author
had once to it, and for Dr. Basbey its preſent Maſter,
whoſe worth and learning has theſe many years ſup-
ported its reputation. To the latter of theſe it is be-
holding for its Muſeum, and for ſeveral improvements
both in beauty and convenience : as is the Maſter's
houſe (wherein he has all along liv'd) for its enlarge-
ment. The ſame perſon has built his Prebends
houſe there anew, has pav'd the Quire of Weſtmin-
ſter Abbey with white and black marble ſtone , and
added a building to the King's Hoſpital of Green-
coats in Turtil-fields. In Buckinghamſhire , he hath
rais'd from the ground the Church of Wille , where
his eſtate lyes ; at Wells he has built a Library ; and
is at this time repairing the Church of Lutton.
{r] In the Church and Chapel our Author num- Perſons)
bers many other Kings, Queens, and Princes that 7m,
have been there bury'd before and ſince King Hev. 7. iter 4
To the Catalogue whereof we muſt needs add King
Edward the fifth, and his Brother Richard Duke of
York, who were moſt barbarouſly ſmotherd to deach
with Pillows in the Tower of London Anno 1483:
by order of their unnatural Uncle Richard Duke of
Gloceſter, Their bodies (though || ſome have writ- |Get
ten they were put into a leaden Coffin and calt into \,.,,
the black deeps near the Thames mouth, by Sir Robert chuos
Brackenburies Prieſt) were found July 17. 1674- by
ſome workmen who were employed to take up the
{teps leading into the Chapel of the white Tower ,
which in all probability was the firſt and only piace
they were depoſired in. Thence their bones (except * vi.
ſome few of them ſent to the Muſeum at Oxford *) |.
were commanded Anno 1678. by King Charles 2 ” gi 066%
+ Stow!
Surrey,
os C212
—
3J,
335
_—_—Y
— - —_—_ — << w-<——
F
MIDDLESEX.
—_— — —_—— _
Vatmin-
t&-hall
Tu Edit.
Vas.
Carter.
Kule.
pig Kaee
che following Epitaph engraven on the Pedeſtal.
H. S. S.
Reliquie Edwardi 5. Regs Anglia, & Richardi Du-
atres Turri Londi-
cs Eboracentiss Hos germanos jr
nenſi concluſos, mjetiſque culcitrs ſuſfocatos, abdite &
inbonefFfe tumular: juſſus Patrums Richardus , perfidus
Regni predo. Offa de(ideratorum, diu & multum queſita,
poſt annos 190, &c. Scalarum in ruderibus ( ſcale 1ite
ad ſaceilum Turris alba nuper ducebant ) alte defoſſa, in-
dicits certyſimis reperta 17 die Julii, Anno Dom. 1674.
Carolus ſecundus Rex clementiſſimus acerbam ſortem
miſcratus, inter avita monumenta, Principibus infceliciſ- |
ſimis juſta perſolvit Anno Dom. 1678. Annoque Regni
ſui Zo.
That is ;
Here under lye interr'd the Remains of Edward x.
King of England, and of Richard Duke of York.
Whi:h ewo Brothers their Uncle Richard , who
uſurpr the Crown , ſhut up in the Tower of London,
ſnocher'd them with Pillows, and order'd them to be
dithonourably and ſecretly buried. Whoſe long de-
ſired, and much fought for bones, after above an hun-
dred and ninety years, were found by moſt certain
tokens, deep interr'd under the rubbiſh of the ſtairs
that led up into the Chapel of the white Tower, on the
17th of Fuly in the year of our Lord 1674.
Charles the ſecond, a moſt merciful Prince, having
compaſlion upon their hard fortune, performed the
funeral rites of theſe unhappy Princes, amongſt the
Tombs of their Anceſtors, Auno Dom. 1678. being the
zoth of his reign.
To whom add King Fame: the firſt, Queen Ann,
Queen ' of Bohemia , and others of their Children.
The Lady Elizabeth Princels of Orange, King Charles
the ſecond, and ſeveral of the Children of him and
of King Fames the ſ:zcond. Henry Duke of Gloceſter,
Lodowick Duke of Richmond and Lenox, George Duke
of Albemarle, William Duke of Newcaſtle, George
Duke of Buckingham. Lionel Earl of Middleſex, Ed-
ward Earl of Sandwich, and Fames Earl of Ofory.
And among{t the Poets, we muſt not forget the fa-
mous Ben. fohnſon, and the ingenious Mr. Cowley (to
whom [I with I could have added Mr. Bucler) who
equal, if not exceed the beſt of their Predeceſlors.
[s] Near to the Church ſtands Weftminſfter-bal, firlt
founded by W:liem Rufus about the year of Chrilt
1097. wherein as * Matthew Paris tells us, upon his
return out of Normandy , Anno 1099. he molt roy-
ally kept che Fealt of W#hitſuntide. The length of it
was 270 foot, and 74 the breadth ; which when he
heard fome ſay was too > he anſwer'd, That ic
was not big enough by one half, and was but a Bed-
chamber in compariſon of what he intended to make.
The foundations (as we are told) were to be ſcen in
the days of Marchew Paris, ſtretching themſelves from
the river to the common high-way ; whence we =y
gather, *ewas intended to have pointed in kngth
= Weſt, and not North and South as it now
0es.
[t] Next our Author proceeds to the Northern and
Eaſtern Suburbs ; wherein amongſt others, he takes
notice of the opulent houſe of Carthuſian Monks,
founded about 1370. 45 Edw. 3- by Sir Walter de
Many : which after the diſſolution , being beſtow'd
upon Sir Thomas Audley , Speaker of the Houſe of
Commons , paſt from him with his fole daughter
Margaret by marriage to Thomas Howard Duke of
N Folk, and ſo by deſcent to Thomas Earl of Suffolk.
Of him it was purchaſed fince; our Author's time,
(under the name of Howard-beaſe , otherwiſe call'd
the late diſſolved Charter-bouſe near Smithfield in Mid-
dleſex) by Thomas Sutton of Camps-caſtle in the Coun-
ty of Cambridge, for the ſum of thirteen thouſand
pounds. He erected it into an Hoſpital, by the name
of the. Hoſpital of King Femes, founded in Charter-
bouſe in the County of Middleſex, at the humble peri-
tion and only coſt and charges of Thomas Sutron Elq.
endowing it with diyers Manours and ocher Lands to
be tranſlated thence, and decently interc'd here, un-
der a curious Altar of black and white marble, with
the value of 4493 4 19 s. 10d. for the maintenance
of a Maſter or Governour, a Preacher , Phyſicien 4 Reg-
iter, Receiver, &c. 80 poor Brothers or Penfeoners ,
which are to be either Gentlemen by delſcent,.and in
poverty ; Merchants decay'd by pyracy or ſhipwrack;
or ſuperannuated Soldiers by ſea or land : and none
of theſe to be under the age of 5o years at the time
of their admiflion. Except Soldiers maim'd in the
wars ( and not in private quarrels) which in regard
of their misfortune are capable ten years looner, Be-
ſide 64. 6 5s. 8 d. wages, they are all allow'd meat,
drink, lodging, gowns, and other cloaths.
And fo are 40 poor Scholars , who are only capable
of admiffon between che years of 10 and 15, and
i
[
:
i
|
|
not to continue in the Schoo! above 8 years at moſt,
Before the expiration whereof, they are cicher tranl-
planted to one of the Univerſities ( where, ſince the
increaſe of the Revenue , which now amounts to
55oo L. per Annum, there are no lels than 29 always
maintain'd with the allowance of 20 /. per 4nnum
each, to be paid quarterly for 8 years time :) or they
are put forth to be Apprentices, the Houſe now gi-
ving no leſs than 401. with them, . The governmenc
is in the hands of the moſt honourable Grandees
of the State, and moſt reverend Prelates of che
Church, beſide che King and Queen ; who put in
_ che Penſioners and Children in their courſes,
on
ſpetive turns, as the s become vacant *.
[u] In the more Eaſtern Suburbs (where he tells Roman
us many Roman Urns and other Antiquicies were 4%
found) we can only add; that the place he mentions
was Spitile-fields. They were dugg up in thoſe days
for making of brick 3 and divers ocher Roman coins
and Veſſels were found (as Mr. Stow tells us) belong-
ing to their Sacrifices and Burials, beſide what he
mentions. Such as the Coins of Trajan and Antoninus
Pius, Lamps , Lachrymatories , Patine, and veilels of
lag earth with long necks and handles, which 1
u
T
the foundations of Aldgate, when it was rebuilt in
the year 1607. which were formerly kept in che
Guild-ball 1. But many more of all kinds fince the | tvid.p.:2t
late fire, in the foundations of St. Paz/s Church now
rebuilding, and in the making of Fleet-dirch ; which
were carefully colleted by Mr. 7obn Comers Citizen
and Apothecary of London, and are now many of
them in the poſleflion of the ingenious Mr. Wood-
ward, the preſent Profeſſor of Phyſick in Greſham-
College, London. Many Urns and Coins have been
alſo met with in digging the foundations of the new
buildings in Goodmans-fields, as there daily are in ma-
ny other places upon the like occaſions, eſpecially in
the 2 of the City.
['w] Southwark was,'tis true Apr. 23.1549. 4 Edw.6.
purchaſed of the King by the Lord Mayor, Common-
alty, and Cirizens of London, for the ſum of Six hun-
dred forty ſeven pounds, two ſhillings and a penny,
and -annext to their City ,, and erected immediately
into a new Ward, calld the Bridg-ward without, and
was thenceforth to be eſteemed within the govern-
ment and corre&tion of the Lord Mayors, and other
Officers of London and their Deputies, The inha-
bitanes were licenſed to enjoy and uſe all ſuch Laws
and Privileges whatſoever within their Borough and
Precin&s, as the Citizens. of London did within their $:gws Sure
City *. Which poflibly. might move our Author to vey, p 442»
place ies hiſtory here. But ic was not thereby re- *?
mov'd out of Sarrey, as appears by the proviſions of
the King's Grant, whereby care 1s taken that the
Lord Mayor ſhould do and execute all ſuch chings
within the Borough, as other Juſtices might within
the County of Surrey 3 and that he as Elcheator with-
in the Borough and Precin&ts ſhould: have power to
i iff of $ for the ti
dire& Precepts to the Sheriff of Surrey to eime b See more
Wrrep.
being +.
Fol The Hoſpital of Chri#t-Church ( founded Anno
1552. by King Edward the ſixth) as it ftood in our
Author's time, maintain'd but 600 Orphans, where-
of part Boys, and part Girls , and both the children
of Freemen of this City. Since (the Fund being
uncertain
__—y
334
T—__—— —— -— —— ———
the King firſt puts in two, the Queen one, « g xr...
and then the x6 Governours one , each in their re- Domes Car-
thujuamnd.
ofe muſt be the Gurrs uſed in their Sacrifices F. + Surrey,
were many Roman Coins alſo diſcover'd in ?77*
101” Ta OO
—C—
.
Mathemati-
cal School.
is the preſent ſtate of King Edward's foundation.
To this there has been added another of late years,
ſtiled the New Royal Foundation of King Charles the
ſecond, conſiſting of 4o Boys, all wearing Badges
appropriate to their Inſtitution, to be fiJl'd up Iuc-
cellively out of ſuch of the above-mention'd Chil-
dren, as have attain'd to a competency-in fair wri-
ting and Latin learning. Thence-forward they are
inſtructed in the Mathematicks and Art of Navigati-
on till they are 16 years of age; at which time they
are diſpoſed cf in a ſeven years yg mas to
the practice of Navigation. Which
highly charitabte in it ſelf, and tending to the ho-
nour and ſafety of the Kingdom, as well as the fecu.
rity and advancement of our Trade, was founded the
19th of Auguſt, Anne 25 Car. 2.
Earls of MIDDLESEX.
Sir Lionel Cranfield Kt. Merchant of Loncon, ha-
ving for his great abiliries been firſt made Mefter of
the Requeſts, then of the great Wardrobe, and after of
the Wards, and at laſt privy Counſellor ; upon the
19. of July 19 Jac. 1. was advanced to the degree of
a Baron of this Realm, by the title of Lord Cranfield
of Cranfield in Bedfordſhire, and to the office and
dignity of Lord high Treaſurer of England: and by
Letcers Patents bearing date Sept. 2. 1622. _ I.
to the Earidom of Aiddleſex. Who by his fecond
wife Anne, daughter to Fames Bret of Howbey in the
County of Leiceffer Eſquire, had iſſue four fons ;
Fames, Edward, Lionel, and William ; whereof Fames
and Lionel facceeded him in the Honour ; but both
dying without iflue, this Title deſcended: to his el-
deft daughter Frances, married to Richard Earl of
Dorſet, and her iſſue; and is accordingly now en-
joyed by the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Dorſer
and Middleſex, Lord Chamberlain of the Houſhold,
and Knight of the Garter,
More rare Plants { pag.) wild in Middleſex,
communicated by My. James Petiver.
Filicula ſaxatilis ramoſa maritima noſtras Raii Sy-
nopſ. & Hiſt. Plant. Small-branch'd Stone-fern. On ms-
ny old walls in and about London, as the Savoy, Wefſt-
minſter, Royal Garden, &C.
Fungus ſpongioſus niger reticulatus, doliolis vino-
ſis adnaſcens Raii ſynopſ.- My. Deoody's ſpung-like Muſh-
rome. In mo#t vaults ſticking to the wine casks.
Eruca ſylveſtris Ger. ſylv. vulgaticr Park. major lu-
tea caule aſpero C. B. tenuifolia perennis fl. luteo
F. B. Wild Rocket. Oy old walls about thu City fre-
quently, as on London wall between Cripplegate and Bi-
fhopſgate, the Charter-houſe, 8c. plentifully.
V iſcum Ger. vulgare Perk. baccis albis C. B. Quer-
cus & aliarum arborum F. B. Mifſekoe. On ſome trees
at Clarendon houſe, St. James's.
Naſturtium aquaticum amarum Park. majus & a-
marum C. B. Naſturtium aq. fl. majore elatius Raj;
ſn. Bitter Creſſes. On the Thames bank between Peter-
vorough-bouſe and Chellcy.
Conſerva reticulata Rais Hiſt. Plant. «
& (ynopſ. 15. Mr. Doody's netted Crow-
ditches about Weſtminſter and Hounſlow-beath.
Bardana major Roſea Park. 1222. lappa Roſea
C. B. prodr. 102. Roſe Burdock. Thu wariety ( which
Caſpar Bauhine averrs to be found frequently about Levp-
fick) T have obſerved near the Thames , between We#t-
minſter and Chelſey,
Juncus caule Hangulari Merr. Pim. 67. The three-
corner d Bulrnſh. In the Thames, between Peterburong b-
houſe and the Horſc-ferry, Weſtminſter.
d. 1852.
In ſome
TRINOBANTES.
uncertain, depending as well vpon the caſual charity |
both: of living and dying pertons , as upon 1ts Teal
Eſtate) the number has been avgmented and dim1-
niſhe in proportion to the mcreaſe and decreaſe cf
that ſort of Chariry. However,it ſeldom now main-
tains leſs than 1000 annually, nor is there reaſon to
fear they will ever have fewer. Here having run
through the ſeveral Schools, at 15 years they are put
forth to a ſeven years Apprenticeſhip ; except ſome
Boys of the beſt parts, who are ſent to the Univerſi-
ties, and there allo maintain'd for ſeven years : which
nſtitation moſt
| On the moat fides near the laF.
_— — —— -
Cyperus rotundLs litoreus incdorus F. B. rotundus
inodo1 us Anglicus C. B. rotundus lito' eus Ger. rotun-
| dus litoreus inodorus Anglicus Park. Rownd-rocted Ba-
tard Cyperns.
Sagitta aquatica cmnium minima Rai (ynopſ. append.
242. The leaft Arrcw-bead. Obſerved by that mot cu-
rious Botaniſt Dr. Plukenet ro grow with the two la#t.
Salix minima fragilis foliis longiflimis utrinquevi-
ridibus non ferratis Raii ſynopſ. append. 238. Dr. She-
rard's Green Ofier. Aming # he Willows on the Thames
ſide, between Weſtminſter and Chelley.
Salix folio Amygdalino utrinque aurito corticem
abjiciens Rai ſynop/. 216. Almond leaw'd Willow that
| caſts its bark. Found with the la#t.
Perſicaria pulilla repens Ger. Park. Small creeping
Arſmart.
Trifolium pumilum ſupinum floſculis longis albis
Phyt. Brit. Raii ſynopſ. 133. Dwarf Trefoil, with long
white flowers biding its ſeed under ground. See Eſſex.
Tritolium filiquis Ornithopodit noftras Rai: {ynop/.
136. Birds-foot Trefoil. ;
Chamzmelum nobile ſeu odoratius C. B. Sweet-
ſcented yoy Camomile, Theſe four la#t Plants I bave
often found in Tuttle-fields, Weſtminſter.
Chamzmelum fi. nudo Ras ([ynopſ. 57. Naked flow.
er'd Camomile. Thu alſo ſaid to be found with the other,
Gramen' Da&ylon latiore folio C. B. Iſchzmon
ſylv. latiore folio Park. Cocks-foor graf.
Gramen Paniceum ſpica aſpera C.B. Rougb-ear'd Pa-
nick graſs. Both theſe bave been found upon the Thames-
bank about the Neat-houſes ; as alſo the
Bardana ſeu Lappa major capitulis minus tomento-
ſis Rats (ynopſ. 245. which Mr. Doedy has wery well ob-
ſerved to be far different from that in gardens, for which
it has been taken. p
Conyza annua, acris, alba, Linariz foliis. Boccon.
raricr. plant. deſc. Boccones white f oecipte biting Fleabane.
on.
In many barren places about Lon
Argemone laciniato folio, capitulo hiſpido lon-
giore. Raii ſyn. 122. Long rough headed I Poppey.
Argemone laciniato tolio capitulo hiſpido rotun-
diore Raii (5n 122. Reund rough-beaded baſtard Poppey.
Argemone capitulo longiore g!abra Moriſen. Smooth
beaded baſtard Poppey. ll theſe Argemones, are found
about Chelſey in Corn- fields and elſewhere.
Eryſimum latifoljium Neapolitanum Park. Smoorb-
er broad-leav'd bedge muſtard, After the great fire in
London, in the years 1667, and 168. it came up abun-
_ among the rubbiſh in the ruins, and grows now ples-
tifnlly on the Lord Cheny's wall at Chelſey, and in ſeveral
other places near Londen.
Hieracium Caſtorei odore Monſpelienſium' Raiz
ſyn. 43. Rough-hawkweed ſmelling Ike Caftor. This
Mr. Doody ( Maſter of the Company of Apothecaries Pby-
fick Garden ) informs me be hat found about Chelſey.
Gramen Arundinaceum aquaticum paniculi Ave-
nacea Raii ſyn. My. Doody's opera | with an
oat-like pamcle. FirfF obſerved by him on % banks of
the river Thames between London and Chelſey,
Muſcus trichoides minus, foliis ad caulem convo-
lutis capitulis ſubrotundis reffexis Raii {yn. append. 244.
Mr. Doody's Goldilocks, with leaves growing like a bul-
bous root. On ſome walls about Chrlſey, and in ſeveral
gardens about London.
Dipſacus minor ſeu virga paſtoris Ger. ſylveſtris ca-
pitulo minore, vel virga paſtoris minor C. B. virga
paltoris Park. paſtoris vulg. F. B. Small wild Teaſe! cr
Shepherds Rod.
ramen paniceum ſpica diviſa C. B. panicum vul-
gare Ger. ſylveſtre herbariorum Park Panick graſs
with a divided ſpike. |
Gramen avenaceum glabrum panicula & ſpicis raris
ſtrigoſis compoſia, xriſhis tenuiflimis Rair /yn. Ar.
Deody s Oat-grafi with barry awns,” I have obſerved the/e
three laft about the Moat which encompaſſes the ſeat of tht
Reverend the Biſhop of London at Fulham.
Nymphea lutea Ger. F. B major lutea C. B. Park.
The greater Water-lily with a yellow flower. In the afore-
ſaid moat near the garden-gate. FT
Cardamine impatiens, vulgo Sium minus impatiens
Ger. minimum No/s me tangere dictum, five impatiens
Naſturtii ſylveſtris folio Park. Imparient Ladies ſmeck.
Acorus
_——— ——— ————— TEES ooo eroraomene
33
,
C
4
——————— >
37
MIDDLESEX
—————— c—_— A.
Acorus verus ſive Calamus officinarum Park. The
hreet ſmelling Flag or Calamus. This Mr. Doody hath
obſerved about the ſaid moat.
Ranunculus hirſutus annuus flore minimo Raz /n.
$6. Field Crowfoot with a wery ſmall flower.
Turritis Ger. vulgatior F. B. Park. Braffica ſylve-
ſtris foliis ra & hiſpidis C. B. Tower Muſtard.
— —_— — —
Tormentilla reprans alata foliis profundius' ſerratis
D. Plot. Hiſt. nat. Oxon. Creeping Tormentil with deeply
indented leaves. In a ditch between the Boarded-river
and Iſlington road. .
Gramen Cyperoides ſpica pendula breviore C. PB.
Cyperus ſeu Pſeudo Cyperus fpica brevi pendula
Park. Pleudo-Cyperus Ger. Baſtard Cyperns with ſhors
To, with the foregoing Plant, Mr. Doody hath obſerved | pendulous ffikes. In the ſame place with the laſt.
m a lane near Thiſtleworth.
Gramen Avenaceum glabrum pannicula purpuro-
argentea ſplendente Rai: Hiſt. Plant. 1909. ſynop/. 192.
Mr. Doody's Oat-graf with purpliſh ſhining panicles. In
the paſtures about the Earl of Cardigan's at Twittenbam.
Cracks ſpecies flore ſummo caule ſingulari Rai:
(yn. 242. The fingle flow'ring Pink. Ip the Park at
Hampton Court.
Millefolium aquaticum pennatum ſpicatum C. B.
Park. pennat. aq. F. B. Feathered water Milfoil. Th
I have found in the Canal at Hampton-Court, as alſo im
8 ſlow running rivulet near Poplar.
Millegrana minima Ger. fig. 567. minima feu Her-
niaria minor Park. Polygonum minimum ſeu mille-
grana minima C. B. The leaf Rupture-wort or All-
feed. On Hounſlow-heath.
Muſcus paluſtris gracilis fummo ramoſus. parvus
ſtellaris C. B. & Phytographia L. Plukenetii Tab. 47.
Fig. 6. Small apright Bog-moſi, with ſtarry tops. In the
Bogs on Hounſlow heath.
Sium alterum Oluſarri facie Ger. Fig. 256. majus al-
terum anguſtifolium Park. Fig. 1241. Erucz folio
C. B. Cicuta aquatica Geſneri. F. B. Long-leau'd wa-
ter Hemlock. In a ſhallow pool of water on Hounſlow-
beath by the road fide, near the rown, and in ſome pools of
water at Thiſtleworth
Sium minimum Rau hi/* Plant. 444. ſyn. 67. The
leaſt water Parſnep. In ſeveral ponds on Hounſlow: heath.
Potamogiton aquis immerſum, folio pellucido lato,
oblongo acuto Raii /yn. an Por. foliis anguſtis ſplen-
dentibus C. B ? longis acutis foliis Ger. ? tontalis lucens
major F. B? Long-leavd great Pondweed with pellucid
leaves. In many places in the Thames between Fulham
and Hampton-Court.
Carduus Mariz hirſutus non maculatus Phyr. Brit.
Leucographus hirſutus capitulo minore Moriſon. Ladies
Thiſtle without ſpots. On the bank of the New- River be-
tween the two roads from London to Iſlington-
Potamogiton pertoliatum Rai /yn. 34. foliis latis
ſplendentibus C. B. Pot. 3. Dodonei Ger. Perfoliate
Pondweed.
Potamogiton puſillum, gramineo folio, caule te-
Teti Rai hiſt. Plant. 190. (yn. 35. Small graf kavd
Poxdweed. Thu, with the laſt, grows plentifully m the
New-river head.
Potamogiton affinis graminifolia aquatica Razz hiſt.
Plant. 190. & ſyn. Water graſs with ſmall crooked cods.
T found thu plentifully mm a ſmall pond on the eaFt ſide of
I/lmgton.
on panniculatum aquaticum minus Razz /ynof/.
186, Miliaceum fluitans ſuavis ſaporis D. Merrer Pin.
Steellaria puſilla paluſtris repens terraſpermos. Len-
eicula aq. bifolia Neapolitana Park. Fig. 1293. Raii
bit. Plant. 18 F2. Small creeping Marſh-Starwort. Tha
I found m ſome moiſt writts m a wood near the Boarded-
river. But the firſt diſcovery of it to be a native of Eng-
land, we owe to that ingenious Phyſician and expert Bo-
tamjt Dr. Hans Sloan, who found it in a Bog on Putney-
Heath.
Alnus nigra bacciſera F. B. C. B. nigra five Fran-
gula Ger, Frangula feu Alnus nigra baccifera Park.
The black-berry bearing Alder. Thu, with ths following,
grow plentifully in a wood againſt the Boarded river.
Gramen arundinaceum panicula ſpadicea molli
Mayus C. B. Gramen tomentoſum arundinaceum Ger.
Reed-graſs with a pappoſe panicle.
Gramen Cyperoides polyſtachion flavicans, ſpi.is
brevibus, prope ſummicatem -caulis Rati ſyn. 195. Mr.
Rays yellowiſh Cyperus-graſs with ſhort ſptkes.
Gramen Cyperoides fſylvarum tenuius fpicatum
Park. Slender-ear'd wood Cyperns graſs.
Gramen Cyperoides ſpica & pluribus fpicis brevibus
mollibus coinpulita Raiz /yn. Ar. Ray's round cluſter-
headed Cyperus grafs.
Sambucus aquarilis feu paluſtris Ger. aq. fl. ſimplicis
C. B. Water Elder. In the ſame wood, but ſparingly.
Myoſurus F. B. cauda muris Ger. Holoiteo attinis
cauda muris C. B. Mouſe-tail, Tha ( with the next ) I
found in a ſloughy lane near the Divel's- houſe going to
Hornſey.
Plantaginella paluſtris C. B. Plantago aquatica mi-
nima Perk. Chickweed, with Water-plantain leaves.
Muſcus muralis platyphyllos Rat (yn. 2 37. Broad
leav'd moſiB. Thus My. Bobart, the Botanick Profeſſor of
Oxford, ſhewed me on many walls about that City, the
which I bave thu year found on a brick wall on the right
band aſſoon as you enter into Hornſey town from London,
Bardana minor Ger. lappa minor, Xanthium Di-
olcotidis C. B. The lefſer Burdock. Th I obſerved in
the road fide near the Bridge at Newington.
Cynogloſſum minus foljo virenti Ger, ſemper-virens
C. B. Park. The leſſer green-leav'd Hounds tongue. In
a hedge facing the road on Stamford-bill between Newing -
ton and Tottenham.
Cruciata Ger. vulgaris Park. hirfuta C. B. Gallium
latifolium Cruciata quibuſdam fl. luteo F. B. Croſſwort
or Mug weed. In Hampſted Churchyard.
Alline tetrapetalos Caryophylloides, quibuſdam
Holoſteum minimum Rau yn. 145. The leaſt $tich-
wort. On Hampſted heath plentifully.
Filix florida ſeu Oſmunda Regalis Ger. Oſmund
Royal or flowering Fern. Towards the north ſide of the
caninum ſupinum panniculatum dulce C.B. . B. The
leſſer water-graſs with fine pannicles. Or rather (as Mr.
Doody ſtiles it ) Liquorice-graſs, which taſt it exatlly re-
ſembles. On the New-river bank behind Iſl:mgton, and |
m many muddy ponds about London plentifully. |
Adiantum album Tab. Ruta muraria C. B. F. B.,
Ger, Muraria, ſeu falvia Vitz Park. Fig. 1050. White
Maidenhair, Wall-Rue, or Tentwort. On an old ſtone,
Conduit between Iſlington and Fack-Straw's Caſtle. |
Radix cava minima viridi flore Ger. Ranunculus
nemoroſus Moſchatel/la diftus Park. Tuberous Moſ- |
catell, |
Vinca pervinca Offcinarum minor Ger. vulgaris
Park. clematis Dapnoides minor F. B. C. B. Small
Periwincle, This, and the laſt, grow on the Mote ſide as |
Jeu enter into Fack-Straw's Caſt le. |
Xyris Ger. ſeu ſpatula fztida Park. Xyris 1. ſeu
(yn. 24
heath, and in a Ditch near it the
Lichen petrevs cauliculo calceato C. B. Small Liver-
wort with crumpled leaves. With the
Gramen Cyperoides ſpicis brevibus congeſtis folio
molli Rais Hift, 1910. Mr. Dood)'s ſhort-headed Cyperus
graſs. And
Ros ſolis folio rotundo F. B. C. B. Ger. Park. Round
kat'd Ros-ſols or Sun-dew. In the Begs.
Muſcus trichodes medius capitulis ſpharicis Rai
_ ſyn. 243. Mr. Doody's Goldilocks with round
ads.
Muſcus trichoides foliis capillaceis capitulis mino-
ribus Ras ſyn. 243. Mr. Doody's fine-leav'd Goldilocks
with ſmall heads.
Muſcus trichoid2s minor capitulis longiflimis Razz
3- Mr. Doody's ſmall Goldilocks with wery long
and ſlender beads. Theſe three lait, that mo#t indefati-
Gladiolus fztidus C. B. Stinking Gladdon or Gladwyn. | gable Botaniſt firſt diſcovered on a ditch-bank leading from
On Fack-Straw's Caſtle, and in a bedge near it.
Cardamine impactiens altera hirſucior Raz ſyn. 114.
Syſymbrium Cardamine hirſurum minus fl. albo F. B.
The leſſer hairy impatient Cuckow flower or Ladies-ſmock.
On the New river banks berween Canberry-houſe and | guiſbing it from any yet diſcover d. 1 found it in the Pi; 4
by .
New:nztoy, in many PIACes.
| Mother Huffs towards Hampſted.
Muſcus trichoides minor capitulis perexiguis per
Microſcopium Botro referens. Mr. Dares cluſter-headed
Goldilocks. This is @ ſingular Moſs, its rough bead: 4iſtin-
ing from Mother Huff s to Pg Agate, but it was firſt 4
wvered
"YG O49 OG:
Gee ee CE ICED I
ea ee be rn nn rr OOO WI wy. 4 _—
A oe; Aa
- 0 —
FO
L KINOB
ANTE Sd.
wvered by Mr. Dare in a lane beyond Putney. beath. T have
alſo lately receiv'd it from my mpgenious friend Mr. T. Pool
@ Mercer at Nottingham, who gatbered it near that town.
Filix mas non ramoſa pinnulis latis auriculatis fpi-
noſis Ger. 1120. Prickly auriculate male Fern, Ths,
with the followmg, are found in the woods about Highgate
and Hampſted.
Filix mas non ramoſa pinnulis anguſtis raris pro-
funde dencatis Ger. 1130. Male Fern with thin-ſet deep-
ly indented leaves.
Filix mas ramoſa pinnulis dentatis Ger. 1129. Great
branch'd Fern with indented leaves.
Alſine longifolia uliginoſis proveniens locis F. B.
Long-leaw'd water Chickweed.
Alſine Plantaginis folio F. B. Plantain-leav'd Chick-
weed.
Bifolium ſy lveſtre vulgare Park. Common Twayblade.
Cyperus gramineus F. B. gramineus Miliaceus Ger.
Fig. 30. Mullet Cyperus grafs.
Equiferum omnium minimum tenuifolium Park.
Fig. 1201. 1ſylvaticum Ger. 1114. Wood Horſetatl.
Theſe five laſt are found in the moiſteſt places in the above-
faid woods ; the following in the dryer parts.
Aſtragalus ſylvaticus Ger. Wood-peaſe.
Androſemum vulgare Park. Tutſan or park-leaves.
Anagallis lutea Ger. Yellow Pimpernel.
Gramen Avenaceum rariore gluma ſpicatum Park.
Fig. 1151. Wood Oat-gref..
Gramen Cyperoides ſpica pendula longiore Park.
Cyperus preſs with lon ulous beads.
MI Cyp. "25 Lax minimum ſpica divulſa acu-
leata Rait ſynepſ. Tall prickly-headed ſpiked Cyperus-graf..
Gramen nemoroſum hirſutum latifol. maxim. Ras
' [ynop/. Great broad-leav/d hairy Wood: graſs.
; Hieracium fruticoſum latifolium hirfurum C. 3.
| Park. Buſhy Hawkweed with broad rough leaves.
| Hieracium truticoſum anguſtifolium majus C. B,
| Park. Narrow-leav'd buſhy Hawkweed.
Juncellus omnium minimus, Chamezſchonus 44
Lob. The leaſt Ruſh.
Lilium convallium Ger. fl. albo Park. Lily of the
Valley, or Maj-Lily.
Sorbus ſylveltris ſeu Fraxinus bubula Ger. The Quick-
en tree.
Sorbus torminalis Ger. The common w1ld Service or Sorh.
Vaccinia nigra Ger. Black Whorts, Whortle-berries,
or Bilberries.
Aparine minima Rau {ynop/. Mb. Sherard's leaſt Cli-
vers. Firſt diſcovered by that compleat Botam#t on a wal!
at Hackney.
Carduus ſtellatus Ger. Star-Thaſth. In ſome barren
fields near White-chapel.
Carum ſeu Careum Ger. Caraways. Thu I have more
than once found about London.
Chondrilla viſcoſa humilis C. B. Ger. Park. The leaſt
wild Lettice. In @ lane againſt Pancras-Church near London.
Eruca aquatica Ger. Park. Water Rocket. In a ditch
in the road between White-chapel and Mile-end.
Lapathum pulchrum Bononienſe ſinuatum F. 3.
Fiddle Dock. In Bunbill and Morefields plentifully.
Mercurialis mas & formina Ger. French Mercury,
Thu, though a ſcarce Plant wild in England, yet grow:
ſpontaneouſly in moſt Gardens in and about London.
Ulmus folio latiflimo ſcabro Ger. latiore folio Park.
The Wych haſel or broad-leau'd Elm. I have ſeen large
trees of thus at Hoxton near London.
B S$ $S
HE other part of the Trmobantes, call'd
from the Eaſtern ſituation, and the
Saxons who poſleſt it, Eapr-Seaxa,
and Earr-Sex-rcine *, by the Nor-
mans Exſſeſa, commonly Eſſex, is a
Country of a great breadth, very
fruitful, abounding in Saffron ; very well ſtored with
wood, and exceeding rich. On the one ſide the ſea,
on the other the rivers well ſtock'd with fiſh, do, as
it were, crown the County, and plentifully ferve it
wich their commodities. To the North the river
Stour divides it from Suffolk, on the Eaſt the fea
comes up, on the ſouth the river Thames ( now en-
creasd to a conſiderable bigneſs) ſeparates ie from
Kent ; as on the Weſt the lictle river Ley from Mid
dleſex ; and the Stort or leſſer Stour ( which runs
into the Ley ) from Harrfordſhire. In deſcribing this
County, 1 ſhall uſe my former method, and firit ob-
ſerve what is moſt worth our notice near the Ley and
the Thames, and then proceed to thoſe parts that lye
inward, and thoſe that border on the ſea [a].
Near the Ley, in Saxon Lyzean,fpreads out a Chaſe
of vaſt extent, full of game, the largeſt and facteſt
deer in the Kingdom ; called heretofore, by way of
Waltham- eminence, the Fore## of Eſſex [b], now Waltham Fo.
Foiclt. reft, from the town Waltham, in Saxon Wealoham,
z.e. a dwelling in the woods. This town is ſeated on
the Ley, where the ſtream being divided, encloſeth
ſeveral little Iſlands ; and is of no ancient original.
For in the latter times of the Saxons, one Towns, a
* Scallerus, man of great wealth and authority, and * Standard.
ce. Vexi- bearer to the King (as we read in the private records
of the place, ) by reaſon of the abundance of deer, made
this place, and guarded it with 66 men. After his death,
his ſon Achelitan ſoon ſquander'd away the eſtate:
and Edward the Confeſlor beſtow'd this village on
waltham Harold fon to Farl Godwin; who built here a Mo-
naſtery, where he himſelf was interr'd. For having
poſllels'd himſelf of the crown, thro' his own ambi-
E X.
tion, and the inadvertency of other men ; he rais'd
this ſtruture in honour of the Holy Croſs *. Here
he ſolemnly made his vows for ſucceſs againſt the
Normans ; and being preſently after ſlain by them
in battel, his moth<r having obtain'd his body of the
enemy by the moſt ſubmiſhve intreatics, depoſited it
in the ſame place. It is now honour'd with the ti-
tle of a Baron in * the Lord Edward Deny, call'd to bz!
Parliament by K. James. Above this a riſing hill
gives us a delightful proſpe& of Copeball, formerly Cv:
the ſeat of the Fitz-Auchers, now of Sir Thomas He-
neage Kt, who hath brought it to this perfeRion,
On this river, without doubt, was ſeated the old
Durolitum of Antoninus ; but 'tis beyond my abilities
to determine the exa@ place : for (to ſpeak once for
all ) the ancient places of this County are fo {trange-
ly obſcure and puzling, that I, who in other parts
have made ſome diſcoveries, muſt here freely own
my felf in the dark. But were I to gueſs in this
matter, the place I ſhould picch upon is Leiton, which
ſtill retains the ancient appellation, Durolitum fgni- Di
fying in Britiſh the water of Ley | c]. *'Tis at preſent
a lictle ſcattering village ſome v. miles from London,
for which number, tchro' the negligence of tranſcri-
bers, Xv. hath crept into the Ttinerary. Thar there
was here formerly a paſſage over the river, a plac?
in the neighbourhood call'd O/dford or the O/d-ford,
lainly argues. Here, when Maud wife to Hen. 1.
had very narrowly eſcap'd drowning, ſhe took car?
to have a bridge buile ſomewhat lower on the river at
Stratford. Where, being divided into 3 ſtreams,
waſheth the green meadows, and makes them look
moſt delicately. Hereabouts we meet with the ruins
of a lictle monaſtery built by William Monthchet 2
great Norman Lord, about the year 1140. Affter
this the Ley uniting it's ſtreams, runs with a gente
current into the Thames ; whence this place is calld
Ley-month.
Near the Thames (grown now very conſfiderab:c
——
« And along with Middleſex, and part of Herteordſhire Eaſt ſeaxna ric.
3 Found far weſtward, and brought hither, as they write, by miracls, * Sir Edward.
by
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34.1
by the large additions it hath lately receiv'd ) the
moſt remarkable places are theſe. Berking, call'd by
& $:$8-@
Hen. 2. A co-heirefs of which family King John 7:4. 74.
married to Richard de Rivers, who lived at Stanford- P*Ripariss
34.2
Lao
*" $4
Brinn
Bede Berecing, appointed for the reception of holy
Virgins by Erkenwald Biſhop of London. Where
rcdng riv. the Thames receives a little rivulet call'd Roding,
which gives name to ſeveral villages hereabouts ; as,
Heig b- Roding » Eithorp-Roding , Leaden-Roding , &Cc.
1.k of Two of which
[BY
Ely by Leofwin a Nobleman, to atone for che mur:
ther of his mother, which he had before barbarouſly
c&pping- committed. Next to this is Angre, where, upon a
very high hill, are the marks of a Caſtle buile by
England under |
PET
angre
Richard Lucy Lord chict Jultice of
places were given to the Church of
Rivers hard by 3.
From the mouth of the Roding (thro' a low coun-
try, laid often in many places under ground, whoſe Marſhes.
unwholſome vapours very much impair the health of
the adjacent inhabitants) the Thames keeps on it's
courſe ro Tilbury. Near which, there are ſeveral
ſpacious Caverns in a chalky cliff built very artifi-
cially with ſtone, to the height of 10 fathoms ; being Holes cur
ſomewhat ſtraight at the top. A perion that had %*
been down to view them, gave me a deſcription of
them much like this,
Of theſe I have nothing more to ſay, than what 1
-\-r, have mention'd elſewhere. But this Tilbury, which
{© Bede calls 7ilaburg, conſiſting at preſent only of a
tew cottages by the river ſide, was formerly a Biſhop's
See, preſided by Ceada, when about the year 630.
he converted the Eaſt- Saxons to the Chriſtian Faith.
Afterwards, paſſing by places here and there lyin
low, but generally unhealthy, the river opens it felt,
and divides the Ifland Conwennos ( which is the Connrs
mention'd by Ptolemy ) from the Continent. This
place hath not yet quite loſt it's name, but is ſtill
call'd Canvey. It runs along the Confines of Eſſex
for 5 miles together, from Leegh to Hole-hawen ; ſome
part of it belonging to the Church of Weſtminſter.
But the ground 1s fo extreme low, that 'tis very often
all drowned, except a few of the higheſt hillocks,
which in ſuch a caſe ſerve for a retreat to the ſheep.
Of theſe there are commonly fed four thouſand in
this Iſland, the meat ot which 1s of a very excellent
taſte. I have obſerved young men with little ſtools
under them milking them, as women in other places,
and making cheeſe of Ewe's milk in the little dairy-
houſes or huts built for that purpoſe, which they call
Wiches.
Over againſt this Iſland are feated, Beamfleet, for-
tified with a Caſtle, and large and deep ditches ( faith
Florilegus) by Haſt ing us or Haſteny the Dane; which were
all forced by King Alfied. Then Hadlergh, formerly
the caſtle of Hubere de Burgh, atterwards of Thomas
de Woodſtock, now a heap of ruins. And laſtly,
Leegh, a pr .tty little town well ftock'd with luſty
lea-men. Near this ſtands Pritlewell, in which one
Swam de Eſſex heretofore built a Cell tor Monks. Here
t00 the land juts out into a nook call d Black tayl-print,
and Sh.,berry-Neſſe, from Shobery, a little village upon
3. it, foirrerly the city Sceobijig, For we read in the
'/ Old Saxon Annals, © that the Danes being chaſed from
* Beazajlear repaired to a ciry-of the Lait-Sixons call d
” .
+),
Cmrennoz
danfler,
© in their lznguage Sceobirig, and there {curd them-
«ſelves with fortifications. Here, being forſaken of
it's banks on both ſides, the Thames is conſtrain'd to
empty it ſelf into the Ocean. Whence the place is
call'd by Ptolemy Tameſe, and in ſome copies cor-
ruptly Fameſe eſtuarium, by us the Thames-meuth.
Farther into the main land lies Rechferd, giving r.,4c.q.
name to this Hundred, now the Eſtate of the Lords
Rich. It was formerly poſlefs'd by avery ancient fami-
ly of theſame name, whoſe eſtate fell at laſt ro Butler
Earl of Ormond and Wiltſhire, and from him to+ Tho-
mas Bollen created by Hen. 8. firſt Viſc. Rochford, and
afterwards E. of Wilcſhire ; trom whom the excellence
Q Elizabeth, and the Barons Hunſdon, are deſcended 5.
On the Thames-ſide toward the Eaſt, at farther
diſtance from the ſhore, the places beſt worth our
notice are thoſe that follow in their order. And firlt
Havering, an ancient retiring place of the Kings, Hvering.
called fo from a ring given there by a ſtranger to Ed-
ward the Confeſlor, as a preſent from St. John. Horn-
Church, called formerly Horn- Monaſtery : a pair of huge
leaden horns are now faſten'd to che ealt-fide of the
Church. Rumford, famous for the Hog market, and Rumwrd.
a building adjoyning called G:4dy-Ha!!, which be-
long'd to 5 Thomas Coke ſometime Lord Mayor of See the An-
London ; whole great riches expos'd him to extraor- *** 1497:
dinary dangers. For being in the worſt of times,
tho' innocent, accus'd of High treaſon ; altho* thro'
the integrity of Judge Markham he was acquitted,
yet had he a ſevere fine impoſed on him, to the value
of very near his whole eſtate. Brentwood 7, and Enger- gccarwood.
/on formerly Engheaſton, noted only for their Inns
and Markets.
Here I am at a ſtand, and in doubt whether I] had
beſt take this opportunity to eaſe ny felf of g,conje-
cure which I have ſometime ſince conceiv'd. Since
the City Ceſaromagus was certainly ſeated in thele cars:
parts, and that, no doubt, a place of eminent note #7 ca
in the time of the Romans, as the |
yr ang”
>» Sos
P4910 7s L.POITS, ra-y-tabic
fgnifying as much as the City of Cz/7, in the fame Frags
of Leiceſter built much for hus pleaſure. + Sir Thomas.
trange manner about Michaelmas in the firſt
nat anſwered ; which ſervile attendance, they f ay,
3 So it paſſctl; by Lambourn manour, wich is held by l:rvice of the Warditaffe,
two men in harne;s ro watch the ſaid Wardſtaffe, win it is brought to the Town of Aibridge, Cc.
S Here I have heard much ſpeech of
eep of the d.2y, upon the firft cock-crowing in 8 ſilent jort ; yet with ſbrew'd fm:s ef1[von; redoupted of
was impoſcd upon cert ain Tenants ther eabout
a commotion. But I leave thu, knewing neither the original nor the certain form thereof.
Curia de Domino Rege tenetur fine Lege- Ante ortum folis, luceat nili polus, &'e. net worth reruemuring.
wit. to carry a load of ſtraw in a cart with fix horſes, twa rapes,
and then by Wanſted Park, where the late Em;
a Lawleſs-Courr ( as they calcd it) holden in a
! ut conſpiring there at ſuch unſen/omakle rime, ro ra:(t”
rly 1 card certain 0bcure barbaroas Rhimes of it ;
6 Sir Thomas. 1 Cold by ths
Normans Bois avs in the ſame ſenſe ; avd by that name King Steph:n granted # Market and a Fair there, ta the Abbox of St. Ofith: and mauy
'-ar after, Iſabel Counteſs o; B-aferd, D2ighter ro King Etward 3. built a Chapel to the memory of S. Thym as 9) Canterbury, for the eale of the in,
e ACI? IN! fe
S-4 . manncr
- Por o—cYy _ De —— . —_ am Wet, ——_ = _ . " ” ®
A ee ant Le ae ee or ee i CR[_—_——EEer ND TT TN m4 HY | es» 0 444 AS es
_ S—_—_ — — #——_ n_—— os > eet_—— « m——_ _—_ ny ——_— —_
S 1444 h
Okindon.
Bruin.
Thorndon.
" Baron
FPetice.
Aſhdown.
Arpenn s.
Wine.
Ralph &c
Picets.
Family of
Etlex.
manner as Druſemagws the city of Dru/us. ( Which
too ſeems probably to have been built in honour of
Zurnflns. For Suetonius informs us, that all the
2” oo -# , 14
Princes who were the friends and allics of that Em-
perour, buile cities in his honour; in the names of
which, the word Czſar compos'd a part.) What then
_TRINOBAN
TES.
CO CCC oo OE EOS: OOO OOO 7 IO—— CCC
FE — ———
344
dinted in, give free entrance to the ſea in two places ;
one of which Bays the inhabitants call Crouch, and
the other Blackwater, formerly Pant. In Crouch there
lye four pretty green Iſlands, but the water almoſt
continually overtiowing them, makes *em for the
moſt part fenny and mooriſh.
it I ſhould fix Caſaromagus near this Brentwood :
Could the reader forbear to ſmile at my tancy ? In-
deed my opinion can receive very little ſtrength
from the diftances in the Itinerary, ſince the numbers
are there fo ſtrangely corrupted. Yet thoſe from Co-
linia and Canonium agree very well to this place. Nor
can I draw an argument from the ſituation of it on
a Roman way ; ſince we can find no footſteps of any
fuch in this County. Nor do we meet with the lealt
thadow of the word Ceſaromagas, unleſs a very ſmall
affiniry in the name of che Hundred torme: ly called
Ceasford, now Cheafford Hundred. And indeed, as
the names of ſome ancient places are very little al-
rer'd, others quire changed ; there are others fo
man-led, that only one ſyllable or two of the former
denomination remains. Thus Ceſar-auguſta in Spain is
now corrupted into Sarogoſa ; Ceaſaromagus in Gaul
hath enrrely loſt it's old name, and afſum'd that of
that is, the Promontory of Birds, which hath
a Church, that at low tide may be come at
on horſe back.
lent good, and well ſtock'd with Cattel ; bur the air
none of the healthieſt, The only trade almoſt that's
choſe Cheeles ot an extraordinary bigneſs, which are
uſed as well in foreign parts as in England, to fatisfie
the coarſe ſtomachs of husbandmen and labourers.
Dengy, the chief town, is thought to have receiv'd
it's name from the Danes, which it gives to the
whole Hundred. Nigh this ſtands 7:1:»gham. given
by Erhelbert, the firſt Chriſtian King ot the Saxons,
to the Monaſtery of St. Paul in London. Up higher
toward the Northern ſhore, ftocd once a flouriſhing
Beauvor; and Caſarea in Normandy hath ſ-arce one | city, called by our anceſtors Ihanceſter. For thus
entire ſyllable leftit in the preſent name Cherburg. But | Ralph Niger tells us out of Bede, Ceada the Biſhop bap-
why do I infilt on theſe trifles? It Ce/aromagus be not ) 11zed the Eaſt-Saxons near Maldon in the city of Ithan-
in this neighbourhood, let others ſeck for it elſewhere. | celter, 2»b1ch ſtood upon the bank of the riwv.r Pant
For my part, the diſcovery is far beyond my reach, | that runs near Maldon in the Province of Dengy ; but
tho' 1 have uſed all the affiſtance that my eyes and | that city hath ſince been quite ſwallow'd up in the river
cars could afford me [ d]. | Pant. | cant exactly point out the place; but that
Hard by Iſfaw South-Okmden, heretofore the feat of the river Froſhwel! was heretotore called Pant, I am
the Bruins, a family of very great repute in theſe parts. , pretty confident, ſince one of it's ſprings ſtill keeps
From which, by two co-heireſſes that were ſevera! | the name of Pani's-Well, and ſince the Monks of
times married, Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk, the | Coggelhall ſpeaking of it uſe the ſame appellation.
mon.
The moſt conſiderable are Waller: ; and Foulnefs, Foulre,
Beeween thele Bays, lies Dengy- Dengy.
hundred, formerly Dauncing ; the graſs here is excel-
drove here, conſiſts in Cheefes; and men milk the tne.
ewes, like women in other places. Where are made ©
Tirels, Berniers, Harleſtons, Hevening hams and others, | Some think this Tthanceſter to have been ſeated in the tun.
are deſcended. The male iflue of this family are (till | utmoſt point of Dengy Hundred, where ſtands at pre. 0»
remaining in Hamſhire. And Thorndon, where | ſent St. Peter's on the Wall. For on this ſhore the
Sir John Petre Kt. ®, now Baron Petre of IWrittle, Country-people are hardly put to't, with great banks
hath built a fair ſeat. It was formerly the habitation and walls of mud, to keep the ſea out of their fields.
of the noble family of the Fitz-Lews's ; the laſt of | I am enclind to believe this Ithanceter was the ſame
which, if we believe common report, upon the ca- | as Othona, the Station of the Band of the Fortenſes,
ſal burning of the houſe at the ſolemnity of his wed- | with their Provoſt, in the declenſion of the Ro-
ding, was miferably conſum'd in the flames. Then | man Empire ; placed here under the Count of the
Burghſted, by contra&tion Burſted, i. ec. the place of a | Saxon ſhore to lecure the Coaſt againſt the Pirating
Burgh, a denomination given to many places by our | Saxons. For Orhena might very caſily paſs into
anceſtors. Here I once thought was the Ce/aromagrns.
Bur wharever it were formerly, at preſent 'tis only a
ſmall village inhabi:ed by husband-men ; near Billri-
Ithana ; and the ſituation in a creek at the mouth of
| ſeveral rivers, was very convenient for ſuch a deſign ".
| Here we may add, that the Conteffor granted the
ca, a pretty large market-rown. Hard by is Aſhdown,
formerly A4//anden, i. e. as Marian interprets it, The
Mount of Aſſes ; famous for a deſperate battel in which
Edmund Ironſide at firſt put the Danes to the rout,
but afterwards, thro* treachery, loſt the day, toge- | that age. Ir ſtands thus in the Rolls of the Exche-
ther with a great number of his Nobility. In memo- | Quer 3 but by often tranſcribing, ſome words are
ry cf which, we read that Canutzs the Dane built here | made ſmoother than they were in the Original.
a Church: when repenrting of all the blood he had | |
occaſion to be ſpilt, he ereted ſome kind of 1eligi- |
ous {trucure wherever he had engaged in fight. t
Not far trom hence lies Ralergh, a pretty little |
town : *tis call'd in Domeſday-book Raganera, which
makes mention of a Caſtle built here by one Swe.
Where too we read, There a one park, ſix Arpennies of
wineyards, which if it takes well, yields twenty Modii of
wine : which I here take notice of, both for the
French word Arpenne, and for the wine made in |
this Iſland. This Sweno was a very eminent man |
for name and honour, the fon of Robert Fitz-Wi-.
maerc, and father of Robert de Eſſex, to whom |
was born ? Henry de Eflex, * Standard-bearer to the
King ay right of inheritance : who in a battel a-
gain{t the Welſh threw away his courage and ſtand- |
ard together ; and being accusd of High treaſon, |
* overcome in fingle combat, and thrown into pri- |
ſon, his vaſt eſtate made a conſiderable addition to |
King Henry the 2's Exchequer. His Barony remain'd |
a longtime in the Crown, till ** Hubert. de Burgh ob- |
tain'd a grant of it from King John.
Farther to the North, the ſhores being ſomething |
Law, may fee the innocent freedom and plainnels of
Iche Edward Koning
Have geven of my Forreſt the keeping.
Of the Hundred of Chelmer and Dancimg,
To Randolph Peperking and to his kindling :
With heorte and hinde, doe and bocke,
Hare and Foxe, Cat and Brocke,
Wilde Fowell with his flocke,
Partrich, Feſant hen, and Feſant cock :
With greene and wilde {tob and ſtock.
To kepen and to yemen by all her might,
Both by day and eke by night :
And Hounds for to holde
Good and fwift and bolde :
Fower Grehounds and fix racches ,
For Hare and Fox, and wild Catres.
And therefore ich made him my booke:
Witneſle the Biſhop 1/0//on
And booke ylered many on,
And Sweyne of Eſſex our Brother
And teken him many other,
And our Sriward Howelm
That by ſought me for him.
——_—
6 Sec in Flintſhire under the title Colrſhu!, © By Robert de Montfort.
8 Created by our Sovereign King James ,&c. 9 Sir Ro5:77t de Eſſex.
is Sir Hr ber: de Birg 7.
thick wal, whereby many Roman Coins have b en forn 1.
, — You ad
u Yet there remaineth 2 },u3e rv % 3
T 11s
Cuſtody of this Hundred to Ralph * Peperking by a « m1, v4
ſhort Charter ; which 1 am willing to fer down, mins«l
that we, who now rake into all the niceties of the M7
44 il 245 E$ S$-3-&, | 3 4.5
=9P t This was the honeſt, undeſigning ſimplicity of | Pewerel, call'd fo from the owner of it Ranulph Peve- 4 fat raterg
: + that age; which thought a few lines and a few | rel, who had to wife one of the moſt celebfated Þ "tf
onlh, golden croſſes ſuficient aſſurances. For before the | beauties of che age, daughter to Ingelric a noble Saxon. 7x; Mar-
coming in of th: Normans ( as we read in Ingulpbu ) She Founded here a College now ruin'd, and lyes in- — Lon-
Indentares were made firm by golden croſſes and ſuch other | tomb'd Tin the window of the Church, whereof a lictle +In "a
marks ; but the Normans uſed to ſtrengthen their writings {till remains. By her he had William Peverel Governour itri.
of Dover-caſtle,and '+ Pain Pevere! L of Brun in Cam-
with the impreſſim in wax of the particular ſeals of the ON ]
partres concern d, and of three or four witneſſes, But be bridgeſhire. The {ame woman bore to HWil:am the Con-
fore many Tenures were granted by the bare word, without | querour, whoſe Concubine ſhe was, William Peverel L.
oF writing or paper, only with the ſword of the Lord, or hs | ol Notcingham. But to return to the Chelmer. Next Chensford.
helmet ; with a horn or a cup ; and ſeveral others witha | It viſits Chelmerford , vulgarly Chensford , which by
ſhrr, a curry-comb, a bow, and ſometimes with an ar-| the diſtance from Camalodunum, ſhould be the old :
| Canonium [f ). This is a pretty large town, ſeated ©#999w*
Ciel
7.1.
bay
row. |
Into Blackwater-bay (which, as I ſaid before, bounds
the north part of this Hundred, and is famous for
abundance of exceilent Oyſters, which we cail Wall
fleot-oyſters) Aow ewo rivers that waſh the greateſt
part of the County , Chelmer and Froſhwell. Chelmer |
towing from thoſe parts that lye farther in, and are
thick cioath'd with woods, paſſeth through Thaxſted, |
a lictle Market-town, ſeated very pleaſantly on a hill : |
and Tiltey, where Maurice Fitz, -Gilbert founded a ſinall
Monaſtery;to E/tannes by the tower,now Efton; which
was the ſeat of the Lords of Lowain, deſcended from
Godfrey brother tro Henry the fixth Duke of Brabant;
who being ſent hither to take care of the Honour of
Eya, were accounted Barons to the ſixth generation.
Put in the time of Edw. 3. for want of iſſue male,
the eitare and honour paſſed by marriage to William
Bourgchter, whoſe Poſterity were for a ſhore time Earls
ol Eſſex.
Then to Dunmow , anciently Dunmawg,and in the
Rate-book of England Dunmaw, a town of a very
delightful ficuation,on the top of a moderately ſteep
hill ; where one Fugs foundzd a Monaſtery in the
year 1111. But Will:am Bainard (as we read in the
private Hiſtory of that Monaſtery) of whom Juga
held the village of little Dunmow, was for felony de
priv'd of hu Barony, and King Henry 1. gave it to Ro-
bert ſon of Richard Fitz-Giflbert Earl of Clare, and to
hs heirs, with the honour of Bainard-caſtle in London ;
which Robert was then Sewer to King Henry. Theſe are
the Author's own words. Nor do I think it juſt for
me to alter them, though they contain a manifeſt
@/\1,e2r17 ws Or anticipation of time, a crime to be met
withal in che be{t hittorians. Inalmuch as that family
was not yet honour'd with the dignicy of Earls of
Clare ' e |.
Now let us retire a little fartier back from the ri-
ver on both tides. On the one, at a litcle diſtance,
ſtands PL4/y, fo cali'd in French trom pleaſing. The
lormer name was Effre, This was the ſeat of the
Conſtables of England in the latter end of the Sax-
ons ; and afterwards too,as the Ely-book informs us **.
almoſt in the middle of the County , between ewo
rivers which here joyn their friendly ſtreams ; Chel-
mer from the eaſt , and another from the fouth ; of
which, if (as ſome will have it ) the name be Can,
we may ſafely enough conclude this place to have
been Canoniurm.
It was famous in the memory of our fathers for a
little Monaſtery built by Malcolm King of Scotland.
Ac preſent "tis remarkable only tor the Aflizes which
are here kept. This place began to recover ſome
repute, when Maurice Biſhop of London, (to whom it
elong'd ) in the time of Henry 1. built here a
bridge, and brought the great road through this
town. Before, ic lay through rittle, famous for the
largenels of the pariſh, which King Henry the thir
gave to Robert Bruce Lord of Anandale in Scotland,
(who had married one of the daughters and heirs of
Fobn '5, the laſt Earl of Cheſter,) becauſe he was un-
willing the County of Cheſter ſhould be poſleſied only
by a couple of women. But the poſterity of Bruce
forſaking their Allegiance, Edward the ſecond
granted this place to Humfrey Bohun Earl of Here-
tord and Eſſex. Of late, when King Fames, at his
firſt coming to the Crown , advanced ſeveral deſer-
ving perſons to the honourable degree of Barons ;
among others he created Fohn Petre , a very eminent
Knight, Baron Perre of Writtle ; whole father '* Wil-
l:am Petre , a man of extraordinary prudence and
!\carning, was not ſo famous for the great offices he
had bore in the Kingdom ( having been of the Privy
Council to Henry the eighth , Edward the ſixth,
Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth, and often Em-
batſador to foreign States, )as for his liberal education,
and encouragement to learning at Oxtord , and for
the relief of the poor at © Enger/ton 7, near this place.
Froſhwell, calld more truly Pant , and atterwards
Blackwater, riſing out of a lictle ſpring near Radwin-
ter ( which belong'd to the Lords Cobham, ) after it
hath run a great way and mer with nothing conſi-
derable (except * Becking, a very rich Parſonage ;
Cogſbal,built by King Stephen for Cluniack Monks **;
To the ſime place two very powerful Nobles (when | and #b:tram buile by Edward the elder , in the year
they could not keep themſelves bztween the two ex- | 914. which is ſaid to have been the Honour of Eu-
treams of baſe flattery and down-right obſtinacy to | face Earl of Bologn : ) meets with the Chelmer ,
their Prince)Jo owe their death ; Thomas de WoodFock | which coming down with its whole ſtream from a
Writle, for.
d merly Eftre.
ng Duke of Gloceiter, and Earl of Eſſex '? ; and Fobn pretty high hill not far from Danbury , that was
"me Holland Earl of Huntingdon, brother by the Mother's | long the habication of the noble family of che Darcies;
uy ſide to King Richard 2. and once Duke of Exeter, | paſſeth by Woodbam-Walters, the ancient feat of the Wont
he though he was afterwards depriv'd of that honour. | Lords Fitz-Walters, as eminent for the nobility as the raronsFuz-
_ The former , for his raſh contumacy was hurried | antiquity of their family ; being delcended from Ro- Wal.
: tie rom hence to Calax and ſtrangled : the other was | bere, younger ſon to Richard Fitz Gillbere Earl. And in
"rg
« 11
beheaded in this very place for rebeilion by command | the laſt age grafted by marriage into the family of the
of Henry 4. So that he ſeems, as it were, to have | Ratchffs; who being advanced to the dignit ' of Earls of
latistied F#oo0d{tock's ghoſt, of whoſe fall he was ac- | Suſlex,have now a noble ſeat not far from hence,call'd
counted the main procurer. Hence the Chelmer, not
tar from Leez,, runs by a little Monaſtery , built by
the Gernons, at preſent the ſeat of the Lords Rich ,
who owe their honour to Richard Rich, a man of
great prudence, and Chancellour of England under
Edward the ſixth. A little lower is ſeared Hatfield-
of Ormond,then to *f Thomas Bollen E. of Wiltſhire,
and having been at a great deal of charge to enlarge
it, gave it the new name of Beau-lten ; though this
never obtain'd among the common people.
—
* This Place, in the Bull of Pope Paul 4. (whereby he granted the aforeſaid William Petre the falc of ſeveral Manaſteries belonging to Religious-
houſes diffolv'd by King Henry 8.) is call'd Gimg-Abbatiſſ.e, alias G ing ad Petram, vel Ingerſtone. And in the neighbourhood. are fſcveral Villages
whereof Ging or inge make part of the name, as, Ging-grave, Menas-inge, Marget-inge, and Frier-!nge. « Dr. Fuller is miſtaken, when he ſays
it 15 in the gitt of the Lords of the Manour of Dorewards-hall; for it ever was in the Patronage of the Archbiſhop of Canterbury, ( as the learned
Mr. 0u/y inform'd me from Records,) and the whole Town belong'd to the Priory of i + cyre at Canterbury,till the diſſolution. The rela
tion it has to this Sze, has made it been always fill'd with men eminent for learning ; and the preſent Incumbent Na:hanet Sitrry B. D. is inferiour
tO none of his Predeceſſors.
2 At this town, the firſt William Mardevill Earl e Eſſex began a cafile ; and two Ec. 7 Ihe feanted here 8 Golege,
's Simmamed Scor. is Sir Wiliam. 1 Where he lyeth buried. *' And the habitation of ancient Knights thence ſirnamed de C I, Fows
w:oſe Herr-general, married into the old family of Tirrell, there branched f1th a f air propagation of the VETO i057 Jhcre an fenenrYs op
£*') on this water by Ealterford ; ſerme ca! it Eaſt-Sturfork "9 Sir Thomas.
Now
14 Sir Payne.
New-hall. This belong'd formerly to the Butlers Earls New-bu!l.
of whom: King Henry 8 procurd it by exchange; regs in
yanea-
Caniio.
——
TRINOBANTES.
2 —
* * See the Ro-
91415 in
britain,
Claudityus in
Britain.
Martia Vietrix, whom Tacitus calls the Conquerours
3
Now the Chbelmer ( with the confluence of the
other waters, being divided by a river-Iſland ,
and loſing ics old name for that of Blackwater or Pant)
ſalutes the old Colony of the Romans, Camalodunum,
which has made this ſhore famous ; call'd by Pro-
lemy Camudolanum ,
:nd Camoludunum : but that
Camalodunum we have the authority of Pliny, Dio,
ind of an ancient marble, to evince. In the ſearch of
this City, how ſtrangely have ſome perſons loſt them-
(elve;! chough the very name points ir out, and dil-
covers it plainly to them , be they never fo blind.
Many have ſought for ic in the weſt of England, as
that notable man who thought he carry'd the Sun of |
Antiquities about with him; others in Scotland ;
others have, with Leland, affirm'd Colcheſter to be the
place ; when all this while the name is very little al-
terd, and inſtead of Camalodunum, *tis call'd at pre-
ſent Maldon, in Saxon Maleoune and Mealoune , the
by Antoninus Camwlodunum'
the true name Is;
greateſt part of the word ſtill remaining whole and
He govern'd the Eaſtern part of the Iſland in the
reign of Tiberius, and is ſuppos'd to have had 3 ſons,
Admimus, Togodummms,and Catacratws. Admimus being
expell'd the kingdom by his father, and receiv'd by C.
Caligula, accompanied him into Batavia on that ridi-
culous expedition to put a terrour upon Britain. As
for Togodummys, Aulus Plautius overcame and kill'd
him in a fair battel ; and the ſame perſon having put
Catacratns to the rout, as I have mention'd in another
place, carried him to Rome to grace his Ovation, or
lefler fort of Triumph. This is that Plautius , who
by the advice of one Caius Bericas a Britiſh exile (pre-
tences for war continually offering themſelves )
firſt after Julius Czſar made an attempt on Britain
under the Emperour Claudius j whom Claudius him-
ſelf ſoon follow'd with the whole force of the Em-
pire, + and abundance of Elephants, the bones of
which being caſually found, have given riſe to ſe-
veral groundlefs ſtories. Pafling the Thames, he put
the Britains to flight that ſtood to receive him on the |
other ſide, and eaſily poſſe(s'd himſelf of this Cama- |
lodunuwm. For which atchievements his ſon being ho-
nour'd with the title of Britamicus, and himſelf often |
ſaluced Emperour, fix months afcer his ſetting our
he return'd ro Rome. Burt [| have ſpoke of theſe mat-
ters more fully in another place, and am not willing
ro trouble the Reader with a repetition of them
here.
Camalodunum being thus reduced under the ſub-
jection of the Romans, Claudius placed here a ſtout
band of Veterans for a Colony, and coined money
in memory of this ation, with the following In-
{cription :
COL. CAMALODYVN.
From which it appears that this happen'd in the
eweltth year of that Emperour, which talls in wich
the year of Chriſt 52. In an old Inlcription (which
you have here ſer down) 'tis calld COLONIA
VICTRICENSTIS, from che Veterans of the |
fourteenth Legion, which had the name of Gemina
of Britain. |
entire. Nor are the plain reliques of the name the
only argument for this aflercion ; but the diſtance
coo from the Mena of Pliny, and the very ſituation
in an ancient Itinerary-table, are as plain proots as
any in theworld. 1 ſcarce daie be fo bold as con-
jecture that this place was ſo call d from the God
——__——— —— — na...
346
—— REC
Camulw ; yet is there ſoine grounds for ſuch a fancy Th: G4
from Mars's being worſkip'd rnder this name, and
from an old ſtone at Rome in the houſe of the Collor;-
ans; and from altars that have been found with this
inſcription, CAMVLO DEO SANCTO ET
FORTISSIMO. And upon an old Coin of
Cunobeline, whoſe chief fear this was , as I have be-
fore obſerv'd ; I have ſeen a tigure with a helmec
and a ſpear, which might probably be deſign'd for
that of Mars, with the Letters CAM YV. Bur he.
cauſe at preſent that piece is not in my hands, [ ſhall
preſent you here with ſome others of the fame Cuns-
beline, which ſeem to relate to this Camalodunm,
FP 14 Ott &
Now a Colony ( if the knowledge of this be ma- gerri:s,
terial) is a body of men brought into a fortiſy'd
place, and inveſted with the right of poſſeſſion.
Theſe for the molt part were Veterans; both that
proviſion might be made for them, and that they
might defend the place againſt rebels, and inure
che triends and allies of the Romans to the laws
and cuſtoms of the Empire. Thele Colonics were
in great honour and eſteem, being, as it were, ima- this
ges and repreſentations of the cicy of Rome. They
had their Magiſtrates too, ſuperiour and inferiour ;
of which ſince others have given us an account al-
ready, 'twould be unneceſſary for me to ſpend my
time in deſcribing them. In this Roman Colony
(the firſt in Britain) was a tzmple erected to the ho-
dominion. Seneca too takes notice of ic in his ſcof- #
fing Satyr on the death and dzitication of that Em-®
perour. 'Tw no great matter ( faith he) that Claudins
hath a temple in Britain , which the barbarozs people now
worſhip and adore as a deity. For there were Prieſts
cholen to his honour, namely the Sodales Augu#taler,
who under pretence of religion , juggl'd the poor
Britains out of their fortunes and eftates. But after
ten years ſpace the courſe of things changed , and
this Colony was utterly ruined. For when the Ve-
terans, thar were broughe into this country akier ic
had been lubdued, exercis'd too cruel a tyranny over
their poor ſubjects ; the ſparks of the war, which had
lay conceal'd for fo long a time, broke out into 4
more violent flame than ever. The Britains unde
Cm Ree
+ Nin C7. L fe. See afterwards under the title Noſe.
— p_y
2
=
eh
, Nour of Claudius ; Tacitus calls ic, The altar of eternal Ti A”
id Cenp?
Cia2s
N- (479
$2000
p-2/1gi6%
2203.
914
'the place which he calls Ad Avſam.
OR—_--———» - _——— a = - - ——_ ———=I— ——_—_ <_— -
—
BE $8: BW
3z0O
—_—_—
—————_—
the condudt of Bunduica or Roodicia , plunder'd and
burne this Colony that was fecur'd with no fortifica-
tions 3 and in two days ſpace ſtorm'd the temple
where the Soldiers had got together to defend them-
ſelves , routed the ninth Legion that was coming to
their affiſtance; and in a word, kill'd 70060 Ro-
mans and Allies. "This dreadful laughter was fore-
cold by ſeveral prodigies. The image of Vitory in
this city rurn'd it felt round, and tell to the earth.
In the Court were heard ſtrange cries,and the Thea-
ters founded with howling and groans: houſes were
ſeen under the water of Thames, and the neighbour-
ing bay overflow'd with blood. This bay we fince
call Blackwater , ( though I know not for what rea-
ſon ) as Ptolemy calls it Idumanus , which ſeems in
ſome manner to denote the fame , 7du in Britiſh ſig:
nifying black. Yet the Romans rais'd it again out of
its aſhes: for Antoninus makes mention of it a long
time after this During the Saxon government we
ſcarce find it nam'd; only Marian informs us that
Edward ſon to King Alfred reſtor'd Malduna, which
had been ruin'd by che Daniſh fury ; and fortified ir
with a caſtle. William the Conquerour (as we read in
Domelday) hadin it 180 houſes,held by rhe Burgeſſes,and
18 Manſions laid wa{e.At preſent, for largeneſs and (tore
of inhabitants , it is juſtly reckon'd among the chief
towns of this County, and is call'd by the Lawyers
the Borowgh of Maldon. Ic is a pretty convenient ſta-
tion , and for its bigne's populous enough ; being
one long ſtreet, reaching for a mile together '» ['g ].
Six miles from Camalodunum, Antoninus hxeth
I ſhould
gueſs this to have been ſome mark relating to the
bounds of that Colony, made in the ſhape of a han-
dle. For I have read in Siculus Flaccns ; The fields that
lay near the Colonies were determin'd by (everal ſorts of
bounds : in the limits there were placed for marks ſome-
times one thing, and ſometimes another. In ſome a little
ſtatue of Mercury; in others a wine veſſel; in others a
Spatula ; m others a Rhombus, or figure in ſhape like a
Lozenge ; and in ſome, according to Vitals and Arcadins,
a flagon or a jar. And why might not 4»ſa be ſuch
a mark ? eſpecially ſince Antoninus hath Ad Anſam,
and not An{e, as his uſual cuſtom is. What a reli-
gious care they took in ſetting up their land-marks,
{ fhall by a ſhort digreffion deſcribe out of the
lame Author. ' For in ordering and dipejng theſe bound,
fort they brought the Flones and ſet them on the firm ground,
mgh the place where they deſign'd to dig holes to fix them
m. Then they adorn'd them with ointments, coverings,
and parlands. Having kill d and ſacrific'd a ſpotleſs vittim
on the bole where they were to ſet them, they dropt down
the blood on burning torches that were plac'd in the earth,
and ſcatter d fruit upon them. They added to theſe, wine,
boney-combs, and whatever elſe was cuſtomary in ſuch
ſacrifices; and when the fire bad conſum'd all the proviſi-
on, they plac'd ſtones that were for the boundary on the
burning coals , and ſo faſten'd it with all _— care,
treading m [mall fragments of ſtones ro about z:, to
make it the more firm. Wherever this ſtation Ad An-
{am was, I continue in my former opinion about the
name of it ; That it was either a boundary in that
!hape, or ſome Inn on the road with this ſign: and this
fiom the near diſtance between it and Cogſhall. Nor
were all they any other than Ins or Boundaries,which
the Romans after the ſame form of ſpeech, calld 44
Columnam, Ad Fines, Ad tres Tabernzs, Ad Rotam, Ad
ſeptem Fratres, Ad Aquilam minorem, Ad Herculem,&c.
But alonger enquiry into theſe matters would be time
and pains meerly thrown away to no purpoſe ** [h}]
Aiter, this the banks give entrance to the ſalt-water
fer. 'Tis a beautiful, populous, and pleaſane place,
in a large and moſt pleaſant bay; abounding exceed-
ingly with the beſt fort of Oyſters which we call
Walifleot-oyſters. And le't the ſhore oF 6ur kingdom
ſhould be depriv'd of irs deſerv'd credit, fancy theſe
to have been them which Pliny tells us ferv'd the Ro-
man Kiechins. For Mutian reckons our Briciſh Oy-
ſters in the third place after thoſe of Cizicum, in theſe
words; The Cizican are larger than the Lucrine , and
ſweeter than the Britiſh. But neither at that time, nor
afterwards when Serg
Oyſters into requeſt , did the Britiſh ſhore ( for ſo he
words it) ſerve Rome with Oyſters, So that he ſeems
to give the preheminence to the Britiſh ones.
heſe two are the ſame, I believe, that Auſonius
calls mira,or wonderful,in that verſe of his to Paulinus:
Aira Caledonius nonnunquam detegit eſt us.
The Britiſh tide does ſometimes wonders ſhow.
But to ſpeak of theſe, and of the ſtews or pits on this
ſhore which they are preſerv'd in, would be a more
proper ſubje for ſuch perſons, as by reaſon of their
exquiſite palate, are able to decide the neſt crici-
cilms in a kitchin.
Into this bay, among other rivers,runs the Col»[i],
which riſing from the joint forces of ſeveral ſprings
in the northern part of the County,waſheth Hedning-
bam, or Hengham, commonly Heningham , formerly
a neat caſtle, and the old feat of the Earls of Ox-
ford **, Oppoſite to which, on the other ſide of the
water, lies Sibble- Heningham, the birth-place ( as I
have been told ) of the famous !* Foby Hawkweed,
call'd corruptly by the Italians Aucurb. By whom
he was ſo highly admir'd for his courage and condut
in war,that the Senate of Florence,in token of his ex-
traordinary deſerts, honour'd hjm with a ſtatue on
horſeback, and a noble tomb, as a teſtimony of his
valour and fidelity. The Iralians calk largely of his
noble exploits, and Paulus Foviwe celebrates them
in his Elogies. I ſhall only fet down theſe four ver-
ſeso ft 1J]eroldus.
Hawkwood Anglorum decus, O& decus addite gents
Italice, Ttalico prefidinmque ſolo.
Ut tumuli quondam Florentia, fic ſimulachri
Virtutem Fou donat honore tuam.
Hawkwood whom England boaſts her ſtouteſt ſon,
And glad ltalians their preſerver own,
A ſtately tomb as grateful Florence gave,
So learned Fovins does thy pifture fave *?.
Hence the Coln keeps on its courſe through” Hiw-
fted, which was the ſeat of the family of the Bourg-
chiers ; of whom Robert Bourgchier was Chancellor
of England in the time of Edward 3. and from him
an honourable ſeries of Earls and Lords are deſcend-
ed. From hence paſling through Earl:-Colz (fo call'd
Oy ters.
ins Orata brought the' Lucrine Li>.9.c.54.
by reaſon of its being the burying place of the Earls
of Oxford ; where Aubry de Vere ** founded a ſmall
Convent, and took himſelf a religious habit) ir goes
on to Colonia, which Antoninus mentions, and makes
a different place from Colonia Camaloduni, Whether
this Colonia be deriv'd from the ſame word ſignifying
a Colony, or from the river Co/n, let Apollo derer-
mine [k]. For my part, I am more inclin'd co the
latter opinion, ſince I have ſeen ſeveral litthe crowns,
that adding the name of Colz to that of their reſpe-
Rive Lords, are calld Earls-Coln, Wakes-Coln , Coln-
Engain , Whites Coln. ' This city the Brirains call'd
Caer Colin, the Saxons Colecearcen, and we Colche-
—_—
le —
_ — —
1 See Northampronſbire, under the title Termini Viterum.
'» Upon the ridge of an hill anſwerable to the termination of Danum, which ſignified an billy and high firuation, wherein I [aw nothing memeradle,
waleſs ] } wo mention two ſilly C
been r:ſpeftie bereabout. © Hence
w-4t 1 incidemally b
Faye been hid treaſure, Pra for the of
E:m alſo ro accompany hi
jIrce was remor?
hes,a deſolate place of White-Friers, and @ ſmall pile of Bricks but ;
paſſing down over the brack:ſh water drvided into two ſtreamlets, by High- bridge--—-
appen'd upon 1n a private Note which [ was inquiſitive hereabout for Ad Anſam.
mile ditaut from Cogeſhall, and belonging ts the Abbey there, was found by touching of a plough 4 gre
—_— ro ſee the taking up of it ; and he goi
m thither. The mouth of the pot war cloſed with # white fulſons |;
, there was found within it another | o;, but that was of earth ; t
s not long ſince by R. Darcy, which name hath
w0 Tet I will here impart
hn # place call'd Weltfield, three quarters of a
at brazen Por. The — ſuppoſing it 19
thither met with Sir Clement Harletton, anal deſired
e or clay, as Pray denn Jeter |
Pat
being , there was in it a leſſer earth of the
TUantity of a gallon, cover d with a matter (ike velvet, and faſten'd at the mouth with a filk lace. init they frund ſome whole bones, and m—_— | —
cer of [mall bones wrapped up in filk
prec wed a Market Ns 1 niny fre fi LL x Fwer eat
Feſb colour, which the Abbet took for the rs, ws of ſome Saints , an laid up in ins veſtuary.
23 Thu renown'd
thus celebrated abroad, was forgorren as home, ſave that
J "me of his kind foldierly followers founded a Chantery at Caitic-H:ningham for him, = for two of his military Companions, john Oliver, and Thomas
eeweutun, £/quirer. 1; In th: time of King Henry 1.
extended
Colonia.
Coichciter.
p— —————
"TRINOBANTES
_ — —
extended on the brow of an hill from Weſt to Eaſt,
ſurrounded with walls, and adorn'd with 15 Pariſh-
1105. Churches ; beſides that large Church which Eudo,
Sewer to Henry 1. built in honour of St. Fehr. 'T his
is now turn'd into a private houſe. In the middle of |
the city ſtands a caſtle ready to fall with age : Hi-
ſtorians report it to have been built by Edward ſon
to Mlfred, when he repaird Colcheſter, which had
ſuffer'd very much in the wars *5. But that this city
flouriſh'd even more than ever in the time of the
Romans, abundance of their coins found every day
fully evince{1]. Though I have met with none an: |
cienter than Gallienws, the greateſt part of them be-
ing thoſe of the Tetris, Vittorini, Poſthumus, C.Carau-
Helena,mo- fis, ConFtautine, and the ſucceeding Emperours. The
me oe Inhabitants glory that Fl. Fulia Helena, mother to Con-
Great. ſtantine the Great, was born in this city, daughter to
King Coelus. And in memory of the Crofs which
ſthe tound, they bear for their arms, a Croſs enragled
between four Crowns. Of her and of this city thus
ſings Alexander Necham , though with no very lucky
vein : '
Effulſit ſydus vita, Colceſtria lumen
Septem Climatibms lux radioſa dedit.
Sydus erat Conſtantinus, decus imperiale,
Serviit buic flexo poplite Roma potens.
A ſtar of life in Colchefter appear'd,
Whoſe glorious beams of light ſeven climats ſhard.
Illuſtrious Conſtantine the world's great Lord,
Whom proſtrate Rome with awful fear ador'd.
The truth is, ſhe was a woman of a moſt holy
life, and of an unweary'd conſtancy in propagating
the Chriſtian Faith : whence in old inſcriptions
is often ſtiled, PIISSIMA, and VENER A-
BILIS AUGUSTA. Between this city,
where the Coln emptieth it ſelf into the ſea, lyes the
the little town of St. O/#h ; the old name was * Chzc,
S. Ofths, the preſent it receiv'd Irom the holy Virgin St, O/th,
Chic. whodevoting her ſelf entirely to God's ſervice, and
being ſtabbed here by the Daniſh pyrates, was by our
anceſtors eſteem'd a Saint. In memory of her, Ri-
chard Biſhop of London about the year 1120. built
a Religious houſe, and fill'd it with Canons Regular.
This is now the chief ſeat of the right honourable the
Lords Darcy, tiled Lords of Chich , who were ad-
vanc'd to the dignity of Barons by Edward the
ſixth ** [m].
From hence is ſtretch'd out a vaſt ſhore as far as
Neſſe-point, in Saxon Eavulphernery. What was once
found hereabouts , let Ralph de Coggeſhal tell you,
who wrote about 350 years ago. In the time of King
Richard, on the ſea-ſhore, in a village call'd Edulfinelle,
were found two teeth of a Giant, of ſuch a prodigiom,
bigneſs, that two bundred of ſuch teeth, as men ordinarily
have now, might be cut out of one of them. Theſe I ſaw
at Copgſhal , and handled with great admiration. Ano
cher, I know not what Giganrick relique, was found
near this place in the beginning of Q. Elizabeth, by
the noble R. Candiſh. 1 can't deny but there have
been men of ſuch excraordinary bulk and ſtrength,
as to be accounted prodigies ; whom God ( as St
Auſtin tells us) therefore produg'd in the world , to
ſhow that comelineſs of body and greatneſs of ſta
ture, were therefore not to be eſteem'd among the
good things, becauſe they were common to the im-
ious, with the virtuous and religious. Yet we may
jaſtly ſuſpe&, what Suetonius hath obſerv'd, that the
vaſt joints and members of great beaſts, dugg up in
other countries, and in this kingdom too, have been
commonly term'd and reputed the bones of Gi-
ants [n.
Ag, this point the ſhore runs back a little to the
Stowr's mouth, famous for a ſea-fight between the
— — OO OO {O—
Barons Dar-
cy of Chich.
N-ſle.
G.ants.
Bones of
Giants,
— — ne led —_——C— - UE
* Cice by the Saxon Annals.
Edamwundsbury. Sce Suffolk under that title.
*x And long after Maud the Empreſs gave it to Alberic Vere to aſſure bim to hey party.
Chamberlain, and Captain of the Guard, Lord Darcy of Chich. -
re r —"—es
8 Calld formerly Walden-brrz, and atterwards Cheping-Falden.
noe Do nm Eo ———
Saxons and Danes in the year 884. Here is now
ſeared Harewich, a very fate harbour, as the name
imports; for the Saxon Þape-pic ſignifies as much as ues
an haven or bay where an army may lye ” - \ This tis
that Stour which parteth Eilex and Sutfo'k, and on
this ſide runs by no memorable place , only fome far
paſtures. But not far from the ſpring of this river
[ſtands Bumſted, which the family of the Helions held
by Barony **, And in thole parts of this county
which are oppoſite to Cambridgeſhire, lyes Barklow, Ba, ,
famous for four great Barrows, fuch as our anceltors V8.
us'd to raiſe to the memory of thoſe Soldiers thae *
were kilFd in battel, and their bodies loſt. But when
two others in the ſame place were dugg up and
ſearch'd, we are told that they found three itone Cot.
tins, and abundance of pieces of bones in them. The
Country-people have a tradition that they were rais'd
after a battel with the Danes. And the + Wall-wort or ,,
Dwarf-elder that grows hereabouts in great plenty ,
and bears red berries, they call by no other name bur
Dane's-blood, denoting the multitude of Danes that 1)...
were there (lain.
Lower among the fields, that look pleaſantly with
Saffron,is ſeated * Walden, a market-town, call'd thence 1.
Saffron-Walden *?. It was famous formerly for the caſtle
of the Magnavils, which now ſcarce appearsat all; and
tor an adjacent lictle Monaſtery ®, in which the Mag-
navilstounders of it,lye interr'd. Jeffrey de Magnaville
was the- firſt that gave lite, as it were, to tlits place, ©
For Maud the Empreſs gave him Newpor: a pretty
neighbouring town, in theſe words, which are cranl.
crib'd from the Original Charter. For as much as he
us'd to pay at the day of my father Henry's death: and to
remove the market of Newport to his caſtle of Walden,
with all the cuſtoms which before belong d to the ſaid may-
ket in Toll, paſſage, and other cuſtoms. And that the
way of Newport, which lyes near the ſhore, be turn'd to
Walden according to cu5tom, upon the ground forfeited to
me; and that the market at Walden be kept on Sundays
and Thurſday, and that there be a fair held im Walden,
to begin on Whitſun-eve, and laſt all the following week.
(From this market the place was long call'd Chepping-
Walden.) We read alſo in the Regiſter of this Ab-
bey, He appointed Walden as the bead of his Honour and
the whole County, for a ſeat for himſelf and hu heirs. The
place, where he built the Monaſtery, had great plenty of
water, which ran here continually from ſþrmgs that never
dried up. The Sun wiſits it very eavly in the morning ,
and forſakes it wery ſoon in the evening, being kept off by
the hills on each ſide. This place is now call Audley-
end, trom 3* Thomas Audley Chancellor of England, bo
who chang d the Monaltery into adwelling-houſle for az.
himſelf. He was created Baron Audley of Walden by
Hen 8.and lett one daughter and heir Margaret ſecond
wite to Thomas Howard Duke of Nortolk, who had
iſſue by her, Thomas, William, Elizabeth and Margaret.
Thomas, famous for his experience in ſea-affairs , was
ſummon'd to Parliament by Q. Elizabeth, Am.15 87Þy
the name of Lord Howard of Walden. And lately King
James hath created him Earl of Suffolk , and made
him his Chamberlain **. Near whoſe houſe at Che-
ſterford , there was tcated a much ancienter little ci-
ty near [ca/{une, in the very utmoſt limits of the
County 3; which now from the old Burrough, the
Country-people call Burrow-bank. There are only Burrows
the marks of a ruin'd place to be ſeen, and the plain *
track of the walls. Yet I ſhall by no means affirm it
to be * the Villa Fauſtimi which Antoninus mentions in
theſe parts : and tho'
Ingratt haud leti ſpatia detinet campi
Sed rure wero, barbaroque leatatur :
Of no vaſt tracts of barren land 'tis proud,
But like true Country, innocently rude:
Yet I ſhan't fo much as dream this to have b=:n the
$ This in another place be fancies may ve St.
215 1 hen be created Sir Thom as Darcy his Councellor Vice-
#7 The torn is not great, but well peopled, fortified by art and nature , and made
more fencible by Queen Elizabeth. The ſa/t-water ſo creek-th about it, that it almnſt inſulateth it, but thereby maketh the ſprings ſo brack.jb 11:4?
there us a defect of freſh water, which they fetch ſome good way of.
7bomas. 3* Why in this place bath begun a magin'fieent Building.
py 0 8 From whom the Wenrworths of Gosfield are acſccrded.
Ly King Edward 6. with a Treaſurer, two Chamberlains.and the Cammonalty.
25; Incor porate 4
3? Farrged in a place Very commodicus int rhe year 1136. 3' 07
place
—
KE $ $ EX
———
in the
roots have been taken up, and after twenty days put
under the turf again, about the end of Comin
they ſhoot forth a bluiſh Sqwer, out of the midlt
whereof hang down three yellow chives of Saffron,
which are gather'd beſt in the morning before ſun-
riſe, and being taken our of the flower, are dried by
, a gentle fire. And fo wonderful is the increaſe, that
from every acre of ground, they gather $o or 160
pound of wet Saffron, which when it's dry will be
about 20 pound, And what's more to be admir'd,
that graund which hath bore Saffron three years to-
gether, will bear Barley very plencitully 18 years with-
out dunging, and afterwards will be fit enough for
ron.
More to the South lies Claverimg, which Hen. 2.
Guang gave, with the title of a Baron, to »« Robert Firz-
Roger, from whom the family of the Exers are de-
* ſcended. His poſtericy having, after the old way,
5 for a long time taken for their ſirname the Chriſtian-
name of their father ( as, Fohn Fitz-Robert, Robert
' Fitz,-Fobm, &c.) at length, upon the command of
Edw. 1. took the name of Clavering from this place.
win Nor- But of theſe when we come to Northumberland. Here
t00 rey age 7p preſents it ſelf to our view,
which 1 can't paſs by in ſilence, ſince it was former-
ts ly the ſeat or Barony of the family of the Monr-
5": firebets, who bore for Arms Three Cheverons Or, in «
ter 6:cho- eld
Y noe of our Nobility. But the male-line conti-
nued no: farther than to five Deſcents, when the in-
heritance fell to three ſiſters; Margaret, wife to
Hugh de Bolebec, Awelime to William de Fortibus
1:22 Earl of Albemarle, and Philippa wite to Hugh Playz.
The poſterity of the laſt continued till within the me-
mory of our Grandfathers, and ended in a daughter
married to Sir Fobn Howard Kt. from whoſe daugh-
ter, by 3 George Vere, the Lords Latimer and Wing-
field are deſcended. A little lower ſtands Haſling-
bury, the ſeat of the Lords Morley, of whom more
in Norfolk. Adjoyning to this, is an old military
Vallum, thence call'd Wallbery; and more to the Eaſt
zen, Barrington- Hall, the fear of the noble family of the
Barringtons, who in the time of King Stephen were
greatly enrich'd with the eſtate of the Lords Monr-
fitcher, that then fell tro them : and in the memory
of our fathers, a match with the daughter and heir
P of 3% Henry Pole Lord Montacute, fon and heir to
at i Margaret Counteſs of Salisbury, render'd them more
illuſtrious by an alliance with the royal blood 7,
After the Norman Conqueſt, Maud the Empreſs,
Lady of the Engliſh, as ſhe uſed to ſtile her ſelf, crea-
wnof ted Geoffrey de Magneville, or Mandevil, fon of Wil-
2942;, liam by Margaret, heireſs to Eudo || Sewer, firſt Earl
of Eſſex, that ſhe might draw to her party a man of
that great power and experience in war. He, in
the civil diſturbances under King Stephen ®, Joſt his
troubleſome life in the field. "Twas be too ( as anci-
ie of ent Writers inform us) who for hu many willanow
* prattices incurr d the ſentence of Excommunication ; under
which, at the little town of Burwell, he receiyd a mortal
wound in the head. As be was ju#t expiring, ſome Tem-
plars came in, who put on him the habit of their Order
marked with a red croſs; and when he was dead, carried
bim away with them into thetr own precintts, the old
Temple at London, where putting him into a pipe of lead,
they banged bim upon a tree 9. To him ſucceeded his
2 fons ® Geoffrey and William, both taken off without
Utue. Afterwards K. John, in conſideration of a good
=, lum of money, promoted Geoffrey Fitz-Pierz, L. Ch.
place deſcribed in theſe and the other verſes of the
_ ingenious **Epigrammatiſt, The-fields, as I have ſaid
baſes, loak:yery pleaſant with ſown Saffron 2, For
month of July every third year, . when the
|
les, and were reckon'd among the moſt ho- | fey
liam de Say, deſcended from the fiſter of Geoffrey
de vil firſt Earl of Eſſex. A great mony'd man
( faich an old Author) and very rich, ho with a round
Jum of money, and many entreaties, made hit cation
INE, XY NY ice, and laid claim to
thu Ear ( im right of bu wife, daughter of William
brother to Geoffry de Say, eldeſt ſon) by an hereditary ritle.
Who admitted him into full ſeiz.in thereof, and demanded the
promis'd ſum, which be recery'd within a lutle time, to put
into the King's Exchequer. He being thus admitted, and
confirm'd by the King s Letters Patents, beld and poſſeſs d
the honour, and recery'd the Homage of thoſe that beld of
bim by Knight's ſervice *. Geoffrey and William, the
two ſons of this Geoffrey Firz-Piers, taking the fir-
name of Magnavil or Mandel, enjoy'd this honour.
The former of theſe # died young, being unfortu- g,,;z.. +
nately kill'd at a publick Tilting. The other took Waiden-
part with Prince Lewis of France againſt King John, ***-
and died without iſſue. So that the honour now fell
to © Humfrey de Bobun Earl of Hereford and Conſta-
ble of England. For thus writes the Chronologer of
Walton- Dbey : Is the year 1228. the 6th of the Ides of
Fanuary, William de Mandevil Earl of Eſſex died, &c.
In the ſame year H de Bobun Earl of Hereford, the
Conſtable of England, efpouſed Maud, daughter to Geefrey
Earl of Eſſex, and ſo ſucceeded in that honowr. But from
the Archives it is evident, that Henry de Bohun, fa-
ther tothis Humfrey, married the ſaid heireſs. And
ſuch a miſtake might eaſily creep in; for in the
Writers of that age the Chriſtian-names are only $. tc
marked with great Letters; as, H. for Hemry or Hum- Earls of
, G. for Gilbert or Geoffrey, &c. Of this family ****
the male heirs ſucceeded in the dignity of Farls of
Hereford and Eſlex for ſeveral years: whom I have
already reckon'd up among the Earls of Hereford,
becaule they wrote themſelves Earls of Hereford
and Eſſex. Mm eldeſt daughter to the laſt of the
Bohuns given in — ( with the honour ) to
Thomas de Woodſtock Duke of Glocelter, had by
him one daughter Arne, firſt married to Edmund
Earl of Stafford, from whom ſprang the Dukes of
Buckingham ; and then to # William Bourgchier, to
whom K, Henry 5. gave the County of Ewe in Nor-
mandy. *This laſt had by her a ſon of his own name,
advanced to the dignity of Earl of Eſſex by Edw. 4.4.
He was ſu by another Henry his ſon's fon,
who died in his old age by a fall from his horſe, lea-
ving iſſue only one daughter Anne ; who being laid
aſide, King Henry 8. (that he might make new addi-
tions to his honours and preferments) created Thomas
Cromwell, who had been his main affiſtant in baffling
the Pope's authority, at the ſame time Earl of Eſſex,
High Chamberlain of England, and Knight of the
Garter. Before this, for his extraordinary prudence
he had made him Maſter of the Rolls, Secretary of
State, Baron Cromwell of Okeham, Vicar General
to the King in ſpiritual concerns, and Lord Keeper ;
and all this in five years time. But after five months
enjoyment of his Earldom, he ( like moſt great fa-
vourites in the State ) concluded his ſcene of life
with a moſt tragical end, loſing his head for treaſon.
The ſame King promoted to the Earldom of Eſlex
4 William Par, to whom he had given in mariiage Anne
the only daughter and heir of Henry Bourgchier. But he
too at laſt dying without iſſue, Walter Devreux Vil-
count Hereford, whoſe great grandmother was Cicely
Bourgchier ſiſter to Henry Bourgchier ( of whom we
ſpoke but now,) receiv'd the honour of Earl of Eſſex
by the favour of Queen Elizabeth ; and lefr it to his
ſon Robert, who being for his excellent natural
endowments highly in favour with that admirable,
Princeſs, fail'd with ſuch a ſmooth and proſperous
gale into honours and preferments, as ro make ir the
common hope and expectation of the Kingdom that
Juſtice, a very prudent and grave man, to this dignity.
He had took to wife Beatrice eldeft daughter to Wil-
he would equal if not exceed the greateſt characters
3? A commodity brought into England in the rime
Pole). m1 Nelther is Hatfield Regis, commonly c
built a Priory, and there lyeth entombed croſs-legg'd with a French
Oxford.
25 Deſpoiled of hu eſt ate.
his ſon, who ny. gk b =
* _ / was girt with the ſword of the Earldom
e 4
”; command ; for that Bijbopr oug bt not to intermeddle in ſecular
Gleceſter a ſo, and Cc. 4+ Sir Witham.
43 Thar fifers lon.
Woudftock; firms |
46 Sir William.
toe Par” "ud Oak Hatfield Bred-Ook
e a broa cad Oa the , fo
| 4 robe ein he is noted to be firff f that name Robert, and third Earl of
39 For in a reverent awe of the Church they durſt not bury him, o_
.2, to his fathers Honours and Eſftate for him and bus heirs; William, w
o Eſſex by King John at the ſolemmity
Eſtate of Tuſticer of England by King Richard 1. when he remvued Hubert hop of Canter [2
uy i'r cs : affairs. This place the ſaid Geoffrey Fitz-Petre execute
«{ervi bus wiſdom the Realm from that cotfuſton, which it aft {11 into by Ki
fceſter l, ”_ he - 4 In ed « had married his Aunt, and was deſcended Fom
3+ Sir [ Robert Fitz-Roger |. 3s Sir [ George Vere]. 36 Sir [ Henry
o hg J- LR . LF Robert * Earl of Oxford
died excommunicated. %» Geoffrey
by his wife was alſo Earl of Albemarle.
his Coronation. This ey Fiz Petre was advanced to
at office 4 the Pope's perempto-
wit c |
John's unadviſed carriage. ** By bu wife, was Karl
Thomas
y / of
— —_
Sh —_——
wY
- we. -_
0 wer -
OE oee ts
Cs ae. Em
III 14
*%
TRINOQOB
ANTES.
Walham-
torrclt.
»* Nudes far as the Sea ; * as appeareth by Edward the
E/.:,M> ſeſlor's gift to one Randolph Peperkin. Ic ſtill is fo | crown. As tor the change 0
I ©\ r nm,
Dareliium.
Ruckholt-
hall.
Ir mow.
Celaromas-
£K*.
Iriacrary,
P. 197.
of his Anceſtors. But at laſt being carried away with
vain ambition and popularity , and endeavouring to
__4 25.8 oc he hurried- himſelf
pert the ſtart of his own hopes,
into a {ad deſtruction. As ſeveral perſons, "who con-
demn ſlow methods, though ſecure , chooſe ſudden
ones to their utter ruin. Bue his y fon Robers
_ reſtord to = eſton- of his farhier's honour
authority of Parliament , through - the ſpecial fa-
vour of our preſent moſt Serene Soveraign King
Fames.
There are reckoned in thus Connty 415 Pariſh-Churches.
-
ADDITION
waters, that by the help of the' Ocean |
on one ſide, and Rivers on others, it |
o FT
makes a Peninſula. As to Viſcountile Ju- |
riſdicion, it ſeems formerly to have heen annext to |
H E County of Eſſex is ſo bounded with |
St ESSEX
a great meaſure indebted for ſetting right the ancient
names of places in this County) in old Deeds,now in
the poſſeflion of ſome of the neighbouts thereabouts,
Durmage. Mr. Newcourt alſo takes notice that it is
ſometimes ſo writ in the Regiſtry of the London-
Hertfordſhire ; for in the 8th of Edward 3. John de Dioceſe. And Mr. Camden himſelf ſays it was for-
Cogſhal was Sheriff of them both : about which time
alſo one Eſcheator diſcharg'd the office in both,
| merly calld Dunmawg ; which would have hinted
; to him this Ceſaromagus , but that his ſearch was di-
[b] Our Author begins with //alrham forreſt, which | rected guite another way. Now this Danmow ap-
might very well be calld (as he obſerves) the Ferre# | pears even from the name to be a place of great An-
of Eſſex, reaching formerly through this Count
N-
large as to thruſt it ſelf out into a great many Hun-
dreds.
[c ] Near the Thames is Leyton , where Mr. Cam-
den is enclin'd to ſettle the Durolitum of Antoninus ;
though he profeſſes himſelf altogether at a loſs for
the places mention'd hereabouts by the Ancients.
And tis no wonder that he ſhould ; for he fought for
them in a wrong road , wiz. in that from. London to
Runiford, Burntwood , &c. which is inded a ſhorter
ct through Eſſex into Suffolk and Norfolk, but not at
all us'd till fome time after the Conqueſt ; and even
then not much frequented, by reaſon it was exceed-
ing woody, and peſter'd with robbers. Natwith-
ſtanding, as to this Durolitum, he ſeems to be altoge-
ther in the right. For not to mention that' one
Ward of Leyton-parilh is ſtill call'd Lezron-#one,which
anſwers the old Roman way of exprefling miles by
ſtones, and may be ſome contirmation of Mr. Cam-
den's conjecture, that for v. lapidem, is fallly read in
the Itinerary xv. /apidem : to omit that, the Roman
Antiquities tound here, argue it to have been a Ro-
man ttation. For ot late years (as I was inform'd by
a curious Gentleman of thoſe parts) there was a large
urne reſembling a great cream-pot, taken up in the
Church-yard of this village, with ſome aſhes and coals
ſticking to the ſides of it. Ir is now in the cultody
of the preſent Vicar. And between this town and
Stratferd-Langten, near Ruckols or Ruckbolt-hall,the ſeat
of Sir 1;J;9m Hicks Knight and Baronet, on the
ſouth-ſide of a lane call'd Blmd-laze, ( which was the
ancient High-way thar led out of Eſſex through O14.
ford to London,) abundance of theſe Urns of feve-
ral ſizes, figures, and moulds, have been and are ſtil]
taken up by che Gravel-diggers there, within two or
three foot of the ſurface of the Earth. In ſome of
theſe pots are athes, and in ſome divers ſmall pieces
and livers of bones, which have not been quite con-
ſum'd in the Funeral fires. And within this piece of
land, are not only found the remains of burnt bodies;
but coffins and bones have been found, as well as
pots ; and among the reſt , a chin-bone of a very
great bigneſs, much exceeding that of an ordinary
inaa. In the ſame place was digg'd up a ſmall bra-
zen hgure, reſembling a man.
[d | From Durol/izum the Itinerary leads us to Ce/a-
romagas, Which according to Mr. Camden was at
} Burton's Burgh/Zed, and Þ in the opinion of Talbot, at Chenſ-
ford or Chernsford. But why they ſhould wheel about
from Leyton to feek for Caeſaromagus in thoſe parts,
ſeems a little ſtrange. Had they gone from thence
right over Epping- Forreſ# , about the diſtance from
London in the ltinerary, wiz. 28 miles , they would
have mer with a town, the firſt ſight whereof might
promile ſomething great and auguſt. I mean Duy-
mow, Writ in Domeſday Dunmaw , aid as Mr. Ouſley
has obſerv'd ( ro whole information the world is 1n
as | quit, being deriv'd from two old Gauliſh, or Brix-
|
words; Dunum, a dry _—_ hall, and »:agus a
Mawe, mauge, or Mape
| Into mew, it is exceeding natural, whether we conf1-
| der the ſound of (a) changd commonly in after
times into (o), as ham, home ; fald, fold, &c. or the
melting of ( g) into (w) , than -which nothing is
more common and obvious to any one who com-
pares the more ancient and modern words. - So that
no difference now remains , but ſubſtituting: dus for
Czeſaro;; and nothing was more comtnon - with the
Saxons, than to take part of the Roman name, and
our of jt to frame another by addition of barh, che-
fer, dun, &c. Beſides, the agreeableneſs of diſtance
berween this and the next ſtation, adds ſtrength to
the conjecture, that Dunmow is the relidt of Cx/arc-
mages, diſtant in the Itinerary from Colonia ( Col-
chelter ) 24 miles ; which may. agree well enough
with the common computation of 20. fince { as ap-
pears by: Domeſday-book) our reckoning is accord-
ing to the Saxon or German Legs , conſiſting of
| 1500 paces, and the Italick make only rooo. Add
;to this, that from Dunmow to Colcheſter js a direct
road, wherein are ſtill, in ſome places, to be ſeen the
remains of an old Roman way ; which by the Coun-
try-people that hve upon it, is to this day (particu-
| larly at Raine ) calld The Street : the very word
( ſfrata,) us'd by our Country-man Bede to ſignifi a
Roman-road. And in an old Perambulation of che
Forreſt in the time of King John, it is ſaid to bound
on the north ſuper fratam ducentem 4 Dunmow wer(us
Colceſtriam, upon the ſtreet leading from Dunmow
towards Colcheſter ; meaning this road.
Going to the ſea-coaſt, we meet with Blackwater-
lye ; along which the inhabitants have been forcd
to build a wall of earth to defend themſelves again{t
the breakings in of the ſea. It was five miles in length;
and upon that ſhore only where this reaches,ars thele
oyſters to be met with.
{e] Into this creek or bay runs Chelmer, upon which
ſtands Dunmow, prov'd already to be the Ceſaroma-
time of Henry 3.) a cuſtom, that whoever did not
repent of his marriage, or quarre!'d with his wite
within a year and a day, ſhould go to Dunmow and
have a gamon of bacon. Eut then the party muſt
{wear to the truth of it, kneeling upon ewo hard-
| Pointed ſtones fer in the Priory Church-yard tor that
purpoſe, before the Prior and Convent,and the whois
Town.
{ f] Not far from hence is Harfe1d- Broad-ook, in
which Church Iyeth .croſs-legg'd the firſt Earl ol
Oxtord. And at ſome diſtance lyes Che/msford, in the
opinion of our Author, the old Canorniuy: of Anton!-
nus. But perhaps that ſtation may be b:trer fett!'d
at
bay, famous for the Walfleor-Oyſters, which are in
great requeſt among men of the beſt account. f They |.
are ſo call'd from the ſhore of that name where they =:
, ”
hed 7
el
a 18
gus of Antonine. * In the Priory here, was inſtitu- **.”,
ted by Robert Fitz-Walter ( a powerful Baron in the qc;
*:%s
FE
Pirerul of theſe places ( as + Weaver imagines, ) 'tis poflible
that the preſent name Coggeſball may have ſtill ſome
:
_—_—
*
524% ſtances from C e/aromag us and Camalodunum , lo a
upon another account. 'Tis an, obſervation made by
- the poſſeſſion of Kings
xr, wricten inſtead of Ad Arcam :
Ey SO
358
at Writtle, not far from it ; as by reaſon of the di-|
Anciquaries, that the Saxon Kings and Nobles ſeated
chemſclves upon the forſaken Camps and Stations of
the Romans. And this town ( fo far as there is any
light from Records to dire& us ) has always been in
or Noble-men. + It was
King Harold's before the Conquelt, and King Wil-
' liam's after; and fo continu'd in the Crown, || till.
King John paſs'd part of it to Newil for life. Atter-
i, wards it was granted * by Henry 3. to Philip de Athe-|
:n2- vey, and to William Earl of Salisbury. Beſides, ano-.
* ther ſhare ( as Mr. Camden obſerves) paſs'd to Brus.
As for Chelmsford , that indeed was a w:{la belonging
to the Biſhop of London , when the Conqueror's
Survey was made, and fo continu'd till Biſhop Bonner
alienated it to Henry 8. But it was of no great note
till Biſhop Maurice built the bridge there about che
time of Henry 1. and his Succeſſor, William Biſhop
of London, procur'd from King John , Ammo regns 1.
When it grew
a Market there, and An. 2. a Fair.
thus famous, the road ( which is moft conſiderable as
ro our bufinefs ) began to be through this town,
tho" till then ic had all along laid through Wrutle,
which we ſuppoſe to be the 0:d Canonium.
Upon the river Froſhwel or Pant, which alſo run-
neth into this bay, is Finchingfield , held of Edw. 3.
by Fobn Compes, by the ſervice of turning the Spit at
his Coronation.
ſg} Going along with this river towards the Sea,
| had been the old 4d An/am, *tis unaccountable how
lſo | the Itinerary (which often takes a wide circuit to
hook in a town) ſhould in the 5th Fer paſs by this
that lays in its road. Whar then if we
uld piech
upon Wittham ? The dire& road from Combretoniun
(or Bretton in Suffolk ) the next ſtation before 44
Anſam (ler 9.) lyes through it: and it ſtands at an
exact diſtance from Camalodunum ( Maldon ) which
immediately follows 44 A»ſam in the Itinerary, wiz.
ſix miles. Beſides, it does not want good evidences
of its Antiquity ; for between the Church and the
Sreet are ſtill viſible the remains of a large old Camp;
though much of the fortifications'are digg'd down to
make way for the plow, and a road lyes through the
midſt of it. What Matthew Weſtminſter has ob-
ſerv'd of a Caſtle built there by Edward the Elder
' about the year 912. or 914. and how in the mean
time he kept his Court at Malden; is a farther teſti-
mony of its Antiquity,ſfince (as we obſerv'd before )the
Saxon Nobility made choice of the forſaken Camps
of the Romans.
If theſe arguments be convincing that Ad An/am
was at Wittham, and that the ruinous Camp there, is
the remains of it ; then 'tis probable that the ſtately
Manour-place here in Fauburn, a mile diſtant from
,1t, was formerly the Yi/la or Country-houſe of ſome
noble Roman. And what renders the conjecture
more plaufible, is a filver Coirof Domitian, diſcover'd
under the very foundation of an old wall (built part-
ly of Roman brick) by the ſervants of Edward Bul-
| lock Eſq; Lord of the Manour; who having had a
we tind Maldon, without all doubt the ancient Cama- | liberal education in Trimity-College in Cambridge, and
lodunum, tho? (as our Author obſerves ) ſeveral men | marry'd firſt the daughter of Sir Mark Guien, and ſe-
have ſought it in other places. It has been ſo largely | condly the daughter of Sir Fofiab Child, is a real or-
treated upon by Authors, that lictle more can be
which moſt of them ſeem to be at a loſs, a Þ late
Writer has advanc'd a new one in favour of his own '
hypothefis ; that it comes from Camol, which in the
Phoenician ſignifies a Prince and Gowvernour ; and the
old 4un a hill : lo thar this may be call'd che King's
h:ill ; as Mons Capitolmus at Rome, ſignifies Fupiter's-
bill. * Its being Cunob-lin's Regia (as our Author calls
it) or Palace, ſeens to give ſome ſtrength to the
conjure ; bur then how it will ſuit with the old
Aitar-Inſcription, which mentions Camwulus Deus, and
the coins which confirm it, I very much doubt :
and theſe muſt be looke upon as the beſt autho-
rity.
In a garden at Maldm, was found a piece of gold,
almoit as large as a Guinea. It has on one ſide
Nero, and on the reverſe Agrippina ; and is very ex-
actly done.
[h] Art fix miles diſtance from Camalodunum, the
Itinerary mentions Ad Anſam , which our Author
thought to have been a Terminus to that famous Co-
lony. || A later writer imagines Ad Anſam might be
, which if true,
tzwours the conjecture of Mr. Camden; becauſe Ar-
cx was a monument alſo, ſuch as they ſat up in the
borders of fields, and obſerv'd for limits. Hence we
read in an old Gloſſary , Arce, axes #Inudmw , 1.C.
the utmo#t extent of prſſeſſions. As for the poſition of
It, he imagines from the diſtances, it could not be
far trom Coggeſhal *; and what has ſince hap'ned in
thoſe parts, confirms his opinion. By the road-lide
was diſcover'd an Hypog £um or Grot , with arched
work ; wherein was a lamp in a glaſs vial, coverd
with a Roman tile. whoſe diameter was 14 inches.
There were ali'o fome urns and crocks, wherein were
alzes and bones. Amongſt the reſt, was one of a
pv.ite and molt fine ſubſtance, reſembling rather Co-
1al than red Earth, and had this Inſcription upon
the cover, Cocci/lim, perhaps for Cocciili. M. that is,
Coccilli Manibus. It this Coccilius was ſome Gover-
nour, who under Antoninus Pins had the command
remains of that.
Notwithſtanding which, there is this objeion lyes
againſt our Author's conjetture. From Dunmow(the
oid Ceſaromagus) to Coloma or Colcheſter, there is a di-
aid, |
Only, as to the original of the name, concerning
rect Port-way runs through Coggeſhal, Now if that
nament to this place.
[i]
Newvills, to be written Weresfield. This Hugh was
with King Richard the firſt in his wars in the Holy
Land, where he ſlew a Lyon by an arrow-ſhot, and
by running him through with his ſword ; which gave
occaſion to that old verſe,
Viribus Hug onis wires periere Leoms.
The Lion's {trength couragious Hugh excels.
To the above-mention'd Deed ( which is ſhort and
plain, according to the undeſigning ſimplicity of choſe
times,) is affixt his Seal, wherein is expreſt the man-
ner of this Atchievemeat, and about which is written,
Sigillum Hug onis Nevil. It is now in the poſleſiion of
Mr. Fohn Nevil of Redgwell in this County ; who is
a branch of that family , deſcended from che Newils
of Raby-caſtle in the Bithoprick of Durham.
ſk] Upon the river Coz, nearer to the ſea, lyes
Colcheſter, the ancient Colonia, from whence both the
river and the town ſem to have borrow'd their
names. For we know, it was uſual for the Saxons
to make new names, by adding their ceapcep or
buph, &c. to a part of the Roman; though it is
not to be doubted but the Earls Colne " Wakes Colne,
&c. mention'd by our Author, and probably of
much later being, were fo call'd immediacely bom
the river, as that from the Co/omy, Why might not
this be a Colony of the Londoners, ( as London derry
of late years in Ireland, ) eſpecially ſince Tacitus
has particularly obſervd, that London was a fa-
mous Mart town, and very populous? If this be
allow'd,, there is no doubt but that Adelphizs de C:-
virate Colonia Londinenſwm ( one of the Britiſh Bi-
ſhops at the firſt Council of Arles) had his Seat
here ; though it be deny'd by ſome Learned men,
for no other reaſon but an imaginary ſuppoſition
of a miſtake commirted by fome ignoranc Tranſcriber.
[1] Beſide the Roman Coyns (the remains of
Antiquity mention'd by our Author,) tthere are alſo * Aubr.45.
old Roman bricks xquilaterally ſquare, like paving-
bricks, but thinner } and ſome huge thick ones. *Tis
likewiſe obſervable, that the Towers and Churches
are built of Roman bricks and ruins. And ac the
Queens-head itn, in the market-place, the ſtable, as
alto the roon above it, is of Roman building.
[m] At ſome diſtance from the river 1s Zair-
| Marngy, || fo _ from the Lord Meta ts wit
2
| Not far from the river Col» , near the head of
It is Wetherfield, which I find in an old Deed of Hugh
Werher-
held.
C lonia.
Cylchelter.
Lair-Mar-
| Norden
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+>ylas Tay-
-—— —
TRINOBANTES.
w
OO. OO — —
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it belong'd, and who, wich ſome others of that name,
lye interr'd in yery fair tombs in the Church there.
Upon the ſea-coaſt lies Aerſey-Iland, containing
eight pariſhes. Ic is a place of great ſtrength, and
may almoſt be kept againſt all the world; for which
reaſon the Parliament clapt in a thouſand men to
guard ir from being ſeizd by the Dutch, about
the. beginning of the Dutch-war.
['n | Beyond which, to the eaſt, 15 Great Clackron,
* where, was ſometime a ſtately houſe of che Biſhops
— ———___——— —————_—— ——
— >————
Mere rare Plants growing wild in Eſſex.
Allium ſylveſtre bicorne flore ex herbaceo albj-
cante, cum triplici in ſingulis petalis ſtria atro-pur-
purea. An Allium ſive Moly montanum tertium
| Cluſ. ? montanum bicorne, flote exalbico C. B.?
\ Wild Garlick with an herbaceous ſtriate flower. In a corn-
' field in Black Notley called Weit-field, adjoyning to Leez,-
lane, plentifully. Tha plant w now almoit loft in thu
of London, and a park ; but che houſe is now fallen, | field.
and the Park diſpark'd. :
oO] To the north-eaſt, upon the ſea coaſt, is
Harwich, | the walls of which town are for the moſt
abouts. For f.om the ſide of the Cliff between the
beacon and the town, ifſues a ſpring of excellent |
clear water ; and thereabouts is a fort of bluiſh clay,
which tumbling down upon the ſhore, notwithſtand-
ing it is waſh'd by the ſea at high-warter, is in a ſhort
time turn'd into ſtone.
are as ſoft as the clay in the Cliff; others that have
lain longer, cruſted over and hard: but if opend or
broke, the clay is ſtill ſoit in the middle. Others
that have lain longeſt, are petrify'd to the very
heart.
This water doth petrike- wood as well as clay : a
large piece ſent trom hence is reſerved in the Repo-
litory of the Royal Society,
Atter what has been faid in Kent ( under the
title of Arſenals for the Royal Navy) it will not
be wonder'd ar, that our leained Author enlarg-
th no farther in his obſervations upon this place,than
what relates to the ſecurity of the Road; without
ought mention d of the importance, which (through
the growth of the Marine Aion of England lince his
time ) it has been of to the Crown for 40 years paſt, | ,
| pervinca Offcinarum minor Ger. vulgaris Park. Per:-
and now is; from its preſent Conveniences for the
ready cleaning and refitting of Ships of War reſorting
thither on that behalf, and its capacity for New:
Fre&tions to the degree of fecond and third Rates.
Divers whereot have been ſince then built, and others
{1;d to be at this day in hand there, to the great ac- |
part buile, and the ſtreets generally picche with a;
of tarvich, netrity'd fort of clay falling from the Cliffs there-
Some that are new fallen |
| H. Alopecuros maxima Anglica paludoſa Park.
| The greateſt Engliſh Marſh Fox-tail-grafi. Said by Libel
' to grow m the moiſt ditches near the rrver Thames.
Argemone capitulo longiore glabro Mor. D. Plot in
| Hift. nat. Oxon. Smooth-headed baſtard Poppy. This
was found by Mr. Dale at Bocking.
K. Atriplex maritima Jaciniata C. B. Fagged Sea-
Orrache On the ſandy ſhores in Mer/ey-Iſland near Cel-
| cheſter plentifully ; alſo on the ſandy ſhores at little Holland
in Tendring Hundred, and elſewhere.
Arrip.ex anguſtifolia maritima dentata Fife. noſe.
Pp. 193. AnAtrip. anguſtifolia laciniata minor F. 4?
| maritima anguſtifolia C. B. prod.? Ar Maldon by the
' r4ver, and on the banks of the marſhes plentifully.
Auricula leporis minima F. B. An Bupleurum
; minimum Cel. Park.? anguſtifimo folio C. 6.? The
leaſt Hares-ear. £: Maldon in the marſhes by the river's
fide plentifully.
| Clematis Daphnoides mayor C. B. major flore c&-
'ruleo _ B. Daphnoid. five Pervinca major Ger.
Daph. latifolia five Vinca pervinca major Park. The
greater Periwinkle. Found near Colcheſter by Dr. Richard-
Jon. This plant I have found out of gardens ; but being
| native of bot Countries, and frequent about Montpellier, 1
ſuſpett it may owe its original to ſome plants weeded up
| and thrown out thence.
Clematis Daphnoides minor F. B. C. B. Vinca
winkle. I have obſerved it in ſome fields ” the road-ſide
leading from Witham to Kelvedon in the bedges and among
buſhes : alſa in @ hedge by the foor-way from Falburn-hail
to Witham, and elſewhere.
Cochlearia folio ſinuato C. B. vulgaris Park. Bii-
commodation of the State, and total extintion of tannica Ger. Engliſh or common Sea-ſcurvy-graſs. 7
the uic our Anceſtors did ( to the beginning of this
Century ) generally maxe of Coine-water ( in the
grow's fo plentifully im the marſhes abour Maldon, that the
common people gather it, and ſend it about to the markets
neighbourhood of this place ) for the harbouring of 4%ove ten miles diſtant, where it 1s ſold by meaſure.
the Royal Navy.
Crocus fF. B. Ger. ſativus C. B. verus fativus Au-
Over-againſt it at Laygerfert, ( contraked from | tumnalis Park. Saffron. It's plamted and cultivated in
Land-guard-fert, which tho' it may feem to be in the fields about Walden , thence denominated Saffron-
Suffolk, is notwithſtanding by the Officers of his | Walden, plenrifully. Of the culture whereef I ſhall [ay no-
Majeſty's Ordnance in the Tower of London, writ | !/Þ:ng, referring the Reader to what w above-writen by
Langertort.
in Eftex, according to former Precedents) are the |
reliques of an ancient fortification, which ſhew great
labour and antiquity. The line of it runs ſoutherly
froma little without the town gate to the Beacon-hil!.
field, about the midſt of which is a round artificial
hill, caſt up probably either for placing cheir Stan-
dard upon, or elſe for a Tumulus over ſome one of
their Commanders deceasd ; for that we find com-
mon in a great many parts of England. Another
Camden ; and to the full deſcription thereof in the Philo-
[oph. Tranſat.
Conſerva paluſtris Anglica, ſeu Filum marinum
Angiicum. Marſh-Thread. In the marſh ditches about
Maldon and eiſcwhere.
Cynoglolfa folio virenti F. B. Cynogloſſum minus
folio virente Ger, ſemper virens C. B. Park. An Cy-
nogloſſa media altera virente folio, rubro flare, mon-
cana frigidarum regionum Col. ? The leſſer green-leavd
work runs a-crofs from the firſt eaſterly ; but they | Hounds-tongue. Between Witham and Kelviden, but more
are both broke off by the encroachings of the Sea. | plentifully about Braxted by ihe way ſides.
South of Harwich, are Thorp, Kirkby, and Walton, Cyperus gramineus F. B. gramineus miliaceus Ger.
Knkby, || included within the ancient Liberty call'd the Liber | Picudo-cyperus miliaceus Park. Gramen cyperoides
lt Xat.ngs F of rhe Soke. In theſe no man may be arreſted by | miliazeum C. B. Miller Cyperns-grabG. By Bocking 11
Thorp,
and not by him, but with the conſent of the Lord
firſt obtain'd. The Sheriff hath no power within
this Liberty, in any cauſe whatſoever ; but the Bailiff
executeth all matters as if he had Viſcountile Autho-
KY.
Continuation of the EARLS.
Robert, the laſt Farl twention'd by our Author, be-
ing reſtor'd in blood and herouy, 1 Jac. 1. was wice
marry*d, and by his ſecond wife had onily ilfue Robert,
who dy'd young. So that dcparting this life Sepr.
14. 1646. Without ifſue, that honour became vacant,
till ſhortly after the Reſtoration, K. Charles 2. crea-
' ted. Arthur Capel ( Baron of Hadbam and Viſcount
Eilex M5. any kind of Proceſs, bur of the Bailiff of the Liberty, | ver, at the corn-mill below the town.
Cyperus rotundus litorzus inodorus Leb., F. B. ro-
tundus inodorus Anglicus C. B. rotwndus inodorus
Ger. rotundus litoreus inodorus Anglicus. Park.
Round rooted baſtard Cyperus. Obſerved by Mr. Dale
about Maldon plentifully.
Erica maritima Anglica ſfupina Park. Engliſh Cow
Sea-beath, On ſandy banks by the way-ſide going from
Heybridge to Goldharger ; alſo cn the like banks m the
marſhes about Thurrington in thus County : and eliewbere
on the ſea-coaſt 5. :
Gramen Avenaceum montanum, ſpica ſimplict,
ariſtis recurvis. Mountain Oat-graſi with a ſingle ſpike
and refieted awns. Found by Mr. Dale upon Bartlow'-
bills on the edge of Cambridgeſhire. Thu I take to be the
Malden) Earl of Efex, whoſe ſon A!gernon now enjoys | ſame with the Gramen Avenaceum glabrum panicula
, TY
that honour.
purpu r0*
L
E $ $:E)Y
362
purpuro-argentea ſplendente of Mr. Doody : more ſtri-
vole, and with a ſingle ſpike, by reaſon of the dryneſs and
varrenneſs of the place. See Middleſex.
Gramen caninum maritimum fſpica foliacea C. B.
caninum maritimum alterum Ger. can. marit. alce-
rum longits radicatum Park. Long-rooted Sea-dogs-graſ
with a foliaceous ear. Found by Mr. Dale on the ſhore im
Merſey Iiend near Colcheſter.
Gramen criſtatum quadratum, ſeu quatuor in ſpica
criitarum ordinibus. Square-eared creſted graff. Found
by Myr. Dale at Notley, among corn. |
Herba Paris. Herb Pars or True-love. In Chaulkney-
wood 7 miles from Colchefter, and im Saffron-Walden Ger.
[ have obſerud it in a lutle wood call'd Lampit-grove
belonging to Black-Notley-hall. It x no wery rare plant
;n woods, and ſometimes alſo tm hedges, all England
oVer.
Hieracium caſtorei odore Monſpelienſium. Hieraci-
um Cichorei vel potius Stceles folio hirſutum Car.
Cant. Rough Hawkweed ſmelling like Caſtor. I found it
Ano 1690. plentifully growing m a field near my dwel-
lmg, belonging to the hall, called Stanfield, which had
lam a-while ſince it was plowed.
Juncus acurtus maritimus Anglicus Park. Engliſh
Sea-hard-ruſh. In the marſby grounds about Maldon abun-
danit!y. '
Lepidium latifolium C. B. Lepid. Pauli F. B. Pipe- |
ritis ſeu Lepidium vulgare Park. Rhaphanus fylve- |
ſtris Officinarum, Lepidium Aginetz Lobelio Ger. |
Dittander, Pepperwort. On the cauſſey leading to the Huth- |
bridge at Colcheſter ; and at Heybridge near Maldon by the
water-ſide plentifully : as alſo at the Lime-kiln near Ful-
ſ
bridge.
gravel-pit at Balington near Sudbury, and in the borders
of ſome cornfields at Belchamp-$. Paul towards Ovington
in this County.
S. Peucedanum vulgare. Common Hoggs- Fennel.
In a wood belonging to Walton at the Naſe in Tendring-
bundred.
Plantago aquatica minor flellata Ger. emac. aquati-
ca minor muricata , Park. Damaſonium ftellatum
Dalechampii F. B. Plantago aquatica tellata C. B.
Star-beaded Water-Plantain. \ In a pond at Rumford
towns end towards London ; and a little on this fide 1l-
ford.
Potamogicon puſillum maritimum gramineo folio.
Sea Pondweed with graſſy leaves. In the marſh-dutches
about Maldon.
Potamogiton pulillum maritimum alterum , ſemi-
nibus ſingulis longis pediculis infidentibus. Another
graſi-leav'd Sea-pondweed. In the marſh-ditches beſide the
way leading from Maldon to Goldhanger.
Thlaſpi Dioſcoridis Ger. Drabx folio Park. cum
filiquis latis F. B. Treacle-muſtard , Penny-creſſe. 1
have found im plenty growing in the fields near Worming-
ford ; as alſo near S. Oſyth in Tendring-hundred ; and m
other places.
Thlaſpi minus Ger. Naſturtium ſylveſtre Ofyri-
dis folio C. B. Park Naſturtium fylv. J. Bauhini ,
Thlafpi anguſtifolium Fuchſii F. B. Narrow-leav'd
w1ld Creſs, In maritimis: as at Heybridge near Maldon
copuouſly.
Tuhymalus platyphyllos Fuchfii, F. B. arvenſis
latifolius Germanicus C. B. peregrinus Cluf. bi/t.
Broad-leaud Spurge. Among corn, but more rarely. It
grows ſpontaneouſly in mine own Orchard here at Black-
S. Latliyri majoris ſpecies flore rubente. & albido | Norly, coming up jearly of its own ſowing ; for it is an
minor dumetorum, ſive Germanicus f. B. The other | annual plant.
great wild Lathyrus or everlaſting Peaſe. Found by
Mr. Dale near Caſt! Campes, in the heages by the way |
that leads thence to Bartlow. |
Tilia folio minore F. B. foemina folio minore
C. B. femina minor Park. The ſmall ſmooth-leav'd
Lime or Linden-tree, call d in ſome Countries Baſt , be-
Lathyrus filiqua hirſfuta f. B. An Lath. anguſtifo- | cauſe they make ropes of the bark of it. Hereabouts it 5s
lius filiqua hiifura C. B. Rowgh-codded Chickelmg. In
the fields about Hockley and Raleghb, and elſewhere m
Rochford Hundred. :
Lychnis ſylveſtris annua ſegetum flore dilute rn-
bente vel albo minimo. Sylv. alba ſpica reflexa Boz.
Monſp. arvenſis minor Anglica Park. Little annual
Corn Campion with a'ſmail bluſh flower. In the corn-
feelds near Colcheſter obſerved by Mr. Dale.
Mencha anguſtifolia ſpicata glabra, folio rugoſiore,
odore graviore. Spear-mint with a more rugged leaf and
ffrong (cent. Found by Mr. Dale beſide Bocking river,
below the Fullmg-mill, in two or three places.
Mentaſtri aquatici genus hirſutum, fſpica latiore
7. B. Memtha palultris folio oblongo C. B. Menta-
{trum minus Ger. emac. hiuſfutum Park. Water mint,
with a groſſer ſpike. This alſo was fir#t found and ſhewn
io me by Mr. Dale near the ſame rrver a little above the
Fulling- mill : ſince, I cbſerwed it my ſelf in a dutch near
the Corn-mill, below the Fullimg-mull plentifully.
Mentaſtrum folio rugolo rotundiore ſpontancum,
lore ſpicato, odore gravi F. B. Mentha fylveſtris ro-
tundiore folio C. B. Menthaſtrum Ger. deſcr Horſe-
mint, or Round-leav'd wild mint. In a meiit place of a
litile meadow adjoyning to Fauburn-hall, the (eat of my
benoured friend Edward Bullock Eſquire. Found alſo by
My. Dale in a meadow behind the Alms houſes at Great
Yeldbam plentifully.
Mentaſtrum ſpicatum folio longiore candicante
7. B. Mentha fylveſtcis folio longiore C. B. Long-
teaved Horſe-mint. Found by the ſame perſon in the ſame
meadow with the precedent.
- Orchis odorata moſchatra five Monorchis C. B. pu-
lila odorata Park. parva autumnalis lutea F. B. The
nellow ſweet or musk Orchiss In black Notley on the
greens of a field belonging to the hall called Wair-field.
calld P1 Y.
which are all common abuut Black» N
VIZ.
profunde dentatis.
It 1s frequent in the hedges, all this part of
the Country over.
Tritolium ſtellatum glabrum Ger. emac. Trifol.
Dipfaci capitulis, nonnullis , Teaſel-beaded Trefoil. 1
have obſery'd it by the water-fide at Lighe ; and at little
Holland in Tendring-bundred plentifully. .
Trifolium pumilum fſipinum flotculis longis albis
P. B. parvum album Monſpeſſulanum cum paucis
floribus F. B. album tricoccum ſubteraneum reticu-
latum Mor:/on. ſubterraneum, ſeu folliculos ſub ter-
ram condens Magnol. Bot. Monſþ. Dwarf-Trefoil with
long white flowers, hiding us ſeed under ground.
In the road between Burntwood and Brook#treet plents-
fully.
Trifolium filiquis O:nithopodii noſtras. Small
Birdsfoot-Trefoil. On Sandy-banks by the Sea fide at
Tolesbury plentifully.
Turritis Ger. vulgatior F. B. Park Braffica fſyl-
veſtris foliis integris & hiſpidis C. B. Tower-muſtard.
On the banks by the high-way-ſide as you go up the bill
from Lexden towards Colcheſter, and m the fie/ds on each
ſide the way.
Ir is to be noted, that theſe annual plants may ſome
years, by ſome accident or other, ſpring up of the ſeed, and
afterwards appear again.
To theſe T might add the four ſorts of Male-Fern de-
ſcribed by Mr. Goodyer im Dr 'Fobnſons emaculated Gerard,
otley and Braim-tree,
r. Filix mas non ramoſa pinnulis dentatis. Great
branched Male Fern with mdented leaves.
2. Filix mas non ramola pinnulis latis denſis mi-
nutim dentatis. The moſt common Male- Fern.
3. Filix mas non ramoſa , pinnulis anguſtis, raris,
Male-Fern with thin-ſet deeply-
Orchis tive Teſticulus ſphegodes hirſuto flore C. B. | indented leaves. T here is a good figure of a leaf of this
fucum referens, colore rubiginolo F. B. Sphegodes
altera Park. Teſticulus vulpinus major ſphegodes|
in Dr. Plukenet's Phytograph. Boy 3- Tab. 180.
4. Filix mas non ramoſa pinnulis latis auriculatis
Ger. Humble-bee Satyrion with green wings. Solo ſicco| ſpinoſis. Prickly Male-Fern wuh axriculate leaves.
& glareoſo; with the following.
If you look upon theſe plants in their ſeveral growths
Orchis anthropophora oreades Col. anthropophora | and ages, you may (as Mr. Goodyer ſaith well) make ma-
oreades foxmina Park. flore nudi hominis effigiem re- | »y more ſorts of them: which I am afraid bath been the
przſentans C. B. Man-Orchis with a ferrug ineous and | occaſion of deſcribing more ſorts than indeed there are in na-
ſometimes a green flower,
Found by Mr. Dale in an old | ture.
Eryn-
III -
” 7 ou IF Sr eas - ow” 4» # *# — oe
>», 4: 9c ego ies AW we Yg won. TT IR AI
wor +
ESRD FRO Ro, > ae -
—
— CD * > _ mm "EDEN ————————— — — — Co _ _ ———_— -
NE CCC PVC RO A ee eee eee eee ee eee
o_ _ g o =_ - _—
YI ® F IF 8
TRINOS
en lin —__.
ANTES.
Ervrgium matinum Ger. Park. F. B. Dod. Ad.
Lob. c:1 & Acanos Plinii Maritimum & Gen.
hort. C. B. Sea-Holly or Eringvy. This, being @ plant
common enough on ſandy ſhores, I ſhoald not havve ment!
oned, but that Colcheſter uw noted for the firft mounting or
prattiſing the candying or conditing of its roots 5 the man-
wor whereof may be ſeen in Gerard's Herbal.
Hieracium latitolium Pannonicum primum C/u/.
Synonyma vide in Catal. Cantab. Broad-leav'd Hung a-
rian Hawkweed. On Bartlow hills not far from Linton
im Cambridgeſhire.
Gnaphalium parvum ramoſiſhimum, foliis angu-
ſtthmis polyſpermon. Heiſt. not. Small-branch'd nar-
row leay'd Cudweed, full of ſeed. Found by Mr. Dale
among corn im ſandy grounds, about Caſt le- Hevening ham
plentifully.
Perio;iata vulgaris Ger, Park. vulgatiflima ſeu ar-
ventis C. B. fimpliciter dicta, vulgaiis annua F. B.
Commen Throw wax. Among the Corn at Norley and
ellewhere.
Tormemtilla reptans alata D. Plor. Hift. nat. Oxcy,
Pentaphyllum minus viride, flore aureo tetrapeta!o
radiculas e geniculis in terram demittens Mor:/ bitt.
Creepmy Tormentill with deeply indented leaves. In ſome
paſtures at Braimree.
Salix folio Amygdalino utrinque avrito, corticem
ſponte exuens. Almend:lkavd Wilow, that caſts its
ang In an Ofier-bolt near my dwelling at Black Nt.
"Sonchas arboreſcens alter Ger. emac. lavis paluſtris
altifhmus Cluſ. The greate#f Marſh-tree Sowthiſtle. Oy
the banks of the rrver Thames near Blackwall.
Viola Martia hirſuta major incdora Mori/en. Viola
Trachelii tolio D. Merret. Great rough Violer without
ſcent. .
Ribes nigrum vulgo dium folio olente F. B. Black
Currans or Squinancy-berries. By Braintree river ſid:
near the bridge called the Hoppet-bridye.
—= —— — oO _——
\ * Idand, and therefore may be enter'd {by land;} but leſt it ſhould be rormented with the frequent incurlions
[.E:EN:
f- H E - Country next to the Trinobantes, call'd afterwards Eaſt-Anglia, -and conn
>. F Ez prebending the Counties of Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridge, and Huntingdon ; was
== formerly.crhabited by the Iceni, -miſcell'd in other Coppes, Ego » and by Prolemy
SHS mbre coroupily Sirffent. I huve hens long time. of the opinion', thas by a mang lins
WW of the name, the wery ſame people were call'd in Czſar Cenimagni. To which 1
DS Do was induc'd, as by the cloſe affmity of . the names Iceni and Cenimagni , ſo by com-
BIA<- paring Cxſar and Tacitms together.” For the latter tells us, that the Cenimagni ſar-
render 4 themſelves to' the Romans: now that the Ieeni-did the ſame, Tacitus informs
+ i theſe words, -On their own accord they came over'to our ſide. 'Bgyt what
'''"'s of greatef} moment in thu matter; 's Manuſcript: droides the word: Cenwmagni,
dridreads it Ceni, Agn ;-for which*F would willingh pit Iceni,-Regni >o# 3t
hv '.'-- might be'done without the charge' of vaſlmeſ, ' Thar much '# certain, 'that you'l never
find the Cenimagni in any other part of Eritain, if you make them a diſtin _— fom the Regni” and Iceni.
However, of the name Iceni there are ſeveral remains in theſe pavts'; [ncb as Tkenfworth; 'Fkenehorpe, Tkborrow, PE
Iken, Ikining, Ichlingham, Eike, &. An#1bat Conſular way which led from thente,” conſtantly call's by the moan
Chorographers of the laſt Age, Ichenild. ftreat,” at if- one ſhould ſy, the ſtreet of the Iceni. What the —- |
the name ſhould be, as God ſhalt bely me, I dare hot ſo much as gueſs, unleſs one-ſhowld derive it from! the wedgy ft-
gure of the County, and refer to its lying upon' the Ocean in form of 'a wedge. For-'the Britains #n' their Ii
call a wedge, Tken ; from which figure a place in Wales by the lake Lhintegid , '« cald Than-yken'; and m th
ſame ſenſe a little tratt in Spain, u nam'd Sphen, t. e. a wedge (us Strabo obſerves,) which yer does not fa well an- $yhen, _
fwer the fig ure of a wedge as thu of ours. | {92 4 RES:
Thw People ( as Tacitns ſays ) was ſtomt arid valiant, and after they had thrown themſelves under the Proteftion of
the Romans, ſuffer'd nothing by war till the time of Claudius. But then, when Oftorius rhe Propretor begun to : -
ro fortifie the Paſſes with Caſtles, and to diſarm the Britains , they'got into @ body ard made an mſurre#ion > the ef eprom. 260
fett whereof was thus ; The Romans broke thorow the Works with which they bad fortiſy'd themſekues, and ſo they
were ſuppreſid with great los. In thus engagement there bapn'd both many awd thoſe memoroble exploits; "and M.
Oſtorius, the Lieutenant 's ſon, bad the honour to ſave a citizen. - That war being-+hns ended, ſcrrce 15 years af-
ter there riſes a new Storm upon thu bottom. Praſutagus , King of the Iceni, (rhat he might effettnally fecure hy
People, though he purchas'd it with his own private damage) made the Emperour Nero- h1s heir '4 taking it tor grant-
ed (to expres my ſelf in Tacitm's words) that by this piece of complailance his kingdom and family wou'd be
out of danger. Bur the iſſue. was quite contrary ; for his kingdom was waſted by the Centiirions, and his
houſe by ſlaves, as if both had been taken by force of arms.-: OO AION CEONSLESS |
Upon ths occaſion, firi# his-wife Boodicia, otherwiſe calls Bunduica, was whipt-,' and her daughters - raviſht, Boodiciz,
And as if they had bad that whole Country befftow'd upon them, there was never a leading man among the Iceni, but
was kickt out of the inherit ance of hu Anceſtors ; and even the Royal family was treated no better than ſlaves. Up-
on this ill uſage, and the apprebenſions of worſe ( ſince they were now reduc'd into the form of a Province,) they takes
arms, and muiting the [rinobantes , with ſuch others as were not yet inur'd to flavery, to jbyn with them in the
rebellion, attempt the recovery of their Liberties by this ſeeret combination : urg'd on principally by a mortal hatred a-
gainſt the Veterans *. From this beginning there broke out a moſt terrible war ; and it was farther heighten'd by
the avarice of Seneca, who about that time exatted with the higheſt oppreſſion * three hundred thouſand pornd, which Sw s
he bad ſcrap'd together by moſt unjuſt uſury. In this war, to give you the whole 3n ſhort, that Boodicia ( whom Sol ng
Gildas ſeems to term a Treacherous Lionels) wife of Praſutagus, flew eighty thonſand. of the Romens and their ® CI :
Allies, ras d the Colony of Camalodunum, and the + free-town of Veruiamitim; ronted the ninth Legion, and put anc "AY
70 flight Cartus Decianus the Procurator : but at lat being defeated by Panlinus Suetonius i» a {ct hatreb; ſhe ended f\unicipis
ber days with a great deal of reſolution, by & doſe of poyſon ( as Tacitms will have it ; ) but according t0'Dio, after 566
a fit of ſickneps. When this war was on foot, Xipbilim tells us from Dio, that thi Britains principally worſhip'd the winks
Goddeſs Vietory under the name of Andates (whom a Greek Copy in another place calls Andrafte,) and that ' in rhe A
groves conſecrated to her they offer 'd the Captives with the hig heſt inbumanity. But yet the Britains at this day do not The aſfer.
expreſs ViQtory by any ſuch name ; ner do I know what it ſhould mean, unleſs, as the Latins bad their Vidtoria, a cf Vidtuy.
vincendo, from conquering ; the Sabines, their Vacuna, abevacuando, from emptying ; and the Greeks their Xin),
em, 7% un exe, from ref uſmg to give ground ; ſo the Britains might have their Anarhaith from overthrowing ,
for by that word they expreſs a tatal overthrow. But thus by the by. From this time no Author has one ſyllable of the
{ceni,nor can we infer any thing about them from Hiſtory, but that the Romans, in the decline of thetr Empire, (ct
@ new Officer to guard their ſra-coaſt , and that of ſome other parts, againſt the piracies of the Saxons, and [tid him 1 Kent.
Count of the ; Fenty wa. in Britain, as we obſerv'd before | a |.
But after the Saxons had ſettl d their Heptarchy in the Iſland, this Province fell to the kingdom of the Eaſt- Angles ;
which from its Eaſterly ſituation they call d mm their own language Eaftangle-pys, i.e. the kingdom of Eaſt-Eng- Eit-Angle
land. The firſt King ut had was U tfa.and f om him his (ucceſſors were for a long time term'd Utt-kines, who ſeem to Vines.
bave ſometimes held under the Kings of the Mercians, and ſometimes under thoſe of Kent. That line failing in St.
Edmund, the Danes over-ran the Countrey, and for 5o years together harraſ'd it with all the cruelties of war ; till
«t [aft Edward the elder got the better of them, and added it to bis own kingdom of the Weſt-Saxons. From that _
time it had its * Deputy Governours 3 which honour, about the coming in of the Normans, was bore by one Ralph, born Ra Oo
wm Little Britain in France. He was a man of treacherous principles, getting together great numbers, ana under pre- crnovr of
rence of celebrating bis marriage, enter'd into a villanous conſpiracy againſt William the Conquerour. But where (0 paws;
many were privy 10 it, "twas m wvam to hope for ſecreſie and fidelity. So, the whole matter was diſcover'd, himſelf
was depriv'd of his honour and attainted, and others were beheaded. But a more particular account of thoſe matters
belong to Hiſtorians : let us proſecute our deſign and fall about the Places. What ſort of Country this was, learn from —
Abbo Floriacenſis, who flourifh'd in the year of Chrift 970. and has thus de{crib'd it : This part which is call'd , St. dy
Ea#tangle, as upon other accounts it is very noble, fo particulariy, becaule of it's being water'd on all ſides. muud.
On the South-eaſt and Eaſt it is encompalt by the Ocean, on the north by the moiſture of large and wer
ſens, which ariſing almoſt in the heart of che Iſland, becauſe of the evenneſsof the ground, for a hundred
miles and more deſcend in great rivers into the ſea. On the weſt the Province is joyn'd to the reſt of the
\ —_
A>-*,
\ ho
FS.
\ |, IJ/ [ » $44
#
00.
Co ION VU A SEW > - 2G ad He COTS oo oe RO OE ET OTITIS
ut "Eos I Re er 9 oo GO LAS 1
of the enemy, it .is fortity'd with an f earthen rampire like a high wall, and with a ditch. The inner parts ENS
of it 15a pretty rich ſoil, made exceeding pleaſant by gardens and groves, renderd agreeable by it's conve- }.3
mence tor hunting, famous for paſturage, and abounding with {keep and all forrs ot cattle. 1 do not infift Lives
; ie?,
LR _—__——— — 4 » 2 _
—— — - wo
v Fianuted a; Maldon above/aid
upon
«þ * -
upon it's rivers full of Fiſh, conſidering that 2 tongue (as it were) of the ſea it ſelf licks it on one fide ; and on
the other, the large fens make a prodigious number of lakes two or three miles over. Theſe fens accommo.
date great nimbers of Monks with their defif'd rerirementand folicpde ; with which being enclos'd, they
have no occaſion for the privacy of a Wilderneſs. Thas far Abbo, +
u—_
_
44 L4L
am. 4
th
—_
abs A— —OO— _ ——
SOUTH-FOLK or SUFFOLK.
be ſeen within two miles of this
well and Mowlon.
| More inward is the fatnous S. Edomndsbury, call'd 5
in the Saxon age Beoepiep-gueond, and in the Bri. *).
tiſh (as it ſhould ſeem) Villa Fauſtini, which is men. Vit
tion'd by Antoninus, For that was the Opinion of tas
Talbot a_very good Antiquary, and particularly ac.
quainted with this part of England. The diſtance
too in' Antoninus, both from Icians and Colonia hit
well enough ; and as Vile among the Latins imply'd
the houſe of a Nobleman within his own grounds, fo
did gueop> among the Saxons. For the above. Gwni
mention'd Abbo interprets Bedericſ gueord by Bederic; **"
cortss , Or wills, 1. &. Bederick's court, or bis wille or
farm. Beſides, the Saxons ſeem to have tranſlated
the meaning of the word into their own language :
for as Fauſftinxs in the Latin implies Profperity, fo does
Bederic in the German, as that excellent Scholar Ha.
drianus Junius has obſerv'd, when he interprets the
name ot Betorix, who according to Strabo, was the
| fon of Melo Sicamber, full of bappin-f and fawour. But
if theſe ewo be different, I frankly confeſs my (elf
ignorant, either who that Fauſtinw or this Bedericus
was. One thing I am ſure of, that this was not the
Fauſtini Villa deicrib'd by Martial in the 4d book of
his Epigrams. And it I ſhould fay that it was the *:
UFFOL K, (which is ficſt to be ſpoken to) |
' in Saxon SuS-olc, Le. « ſourberly people, with
reſpe& to Norfolk; has on the welt, Com:
BB bridgeſtire ; on the ſouth, the river Sour,
* which divides it from Efex ; on the ealt, the
_ . German Ocean; 'and on the north, two
lictle rivers, Ouſe the leaf, and Wavency. Thele two
flowing as it were out of zhe ſame fountain, run con
trary ways, and divide it from Norfolk. 'Tis a coun-
ery pretty, large, and well ftor'd with havens ; the
ſoil (Except to the weſt) is very fat, as being a
compound: of clay and marle. By this means, che
fields are everywhere fruitful, and the paſtures ex-
ceeding good for fatting cattel: they make alſo valt |
" numbers of Cheeſe, which, to the great advantage of
the inhabitants, are bought up through all England ;
nay, in Germeny alſo, with France and Spain, as Pan
taleon Mediew has told us, who ſcruples not to et
them againſt thoſe of Placentia both in colour and
talte, But he was not one of Apiciw's nice-palated
ſcholars. ' Nor do they want woods and parks ; of
the latter, ſeveral are joyn'd to Noblemen's houſes,
and well-ſtock'd with Deer.
The County, according to its political Diviſion,
is branch'd into three parts; the firſt is calld rbe
Geldable, becauſe it pays geld or tribute ; the ſecond, |
place, berween Sna:l-
Chee.
- firſt Bi
New-
_ marker.
""aan2r-
ke: bcath.
D-ovii's-
de.
the Liberty of S. Edmund, becauſe it belong'd to his
Monaſtery ; the third, the Liberty of S. Etheldred,
becauſe it belong'd to Cyddonaery : to which our
Kings formerly granted ſeveral parcels of ground
with Seach and Socb (as the Ely-book exprelles it )
without e@ny reſerve either of eccleſiaſtical or ſecular juriſ-
dittion [ b |. But now let us take a furvey of the
particulars ; and beginning at the weſt, give an ac-
count of it's more noted places.
On the welt, where it joyns Cambridgeſhire, and
in the very limit, lies I»mg, a place tormerly of
more note than *tis at preſent. For it was made emi-
nent by the death of Etheldred the Virgin (daughter
of K. ' Say who was canoniz'd ; then by the conſpi-
racy of Ralph Earl of the Eaſt-Angles againſt Wil.
liam the'Conquerour, and by the way which Harvey,
'of Ely, made between this place and Ely.
But now it goes to decay by the nearneſs of New-
market, whither all commodities are Carried in great
abundance, That this town is of late date, the name
it ſelf witneſles : it is fo ſituated, that the fouth parc
of it belongs to Cambridgeſhire, and the north to
Suffolk ; each whereof has a ſmall Church of it's
own, the latter belonging to Ixning, and the former
to Dition or Dichton, as the Mother- Churches. I have
met with nothing about ic in my reading, but that
under Hen. 3. Robert de Inſula or [iſle gave one halt
of it to Ricoard de Argenton ( irom whom the Aling-
rons are deſcended) in Frank-marriage with his dangh-
ter Caſſandra | c |.
All round hereabouts is a large plain, call'd from
the rown Newmarket-beath, the foil whereof is ſandy
and barren, but the ſurface green. Along this runs
that wonderful Ditch, which the vulgar (as if it had
been drawn by the Dew) call Devils-dike ; whereas
'tis plain ic was one of choſe wherewith ( as Abbo
informs us ) the inhabicants fenc'd themſelves againſt
the incurſions of the enemy. But of this we will
ſpeak more ar large when we come to Cambridge-
ſhire. Only, here let the Reader take notice of thus
much, chat che leaſt of all theſe Foſſes or Ditches is to
Ville of that Bericw, who (as Dio obſerves) was dri.
ven out of Britain, and perſwaded Claudius the Em-
perour to make war upon the inhabitants ; 1 ſhould
not believe my felf. But whether\this place was the
Villa Fauſtins or not, it ſeems to have been very emi-
nent, ſince at the firſt planting of Chriſtianity m
choſe parts, King Sigebere built a Religious houſe
here; and Abbo calls it a Royal Village. Bur when the
body of the moſt Chriitian King Edmund ( whom
the Danes had barbarouſly rack'd and tortur'd to
death ) was tranſlated hither, and a large Chureh with
a wonderful cover of wood built in honour of him : it
began to be call'd S. Edmwndsbury, and for ſhormeſs
Bury ; and flouriſh'd exceedingly. But moſt of all,
after King Canutws ( to expiate the facrilegious vio-
lence done to this Church by his farher $2vex0t)
buile 1t anew, very much enrich'd it, offer'd his own
Crown to the Holy Martyr, brought in the Monks
with their Abbot, beſtow'd upon it many fair lands,
and amongſt others this town entire. hereupon
| the Monks preſided here, and adminiſtred Juſtice by
; their Steward. For this reaton, Foſcelin * de Brark-
lond, Monk of the place, ſays : The wen as well without
the burrough as within, are curs, QC. and all with;n
the Banna Leuca enjoy the ſame liberty, Affterwards,
* Hervey an Abbot of Norman deſcent, encompals'd
it with a wall, ſome remains whereof are {till to be
leen 3. The Popes of Rome granted it very large
Immunities; and amongſt other things, Thar this
m lawfuf caſes ſhould obey the Archbiſhop. * Which is ob-
ſerv'd to this day. And now the Monks abounding
with wealth, built a ſtately new Church, which
they continually augmenced with new additions. In
the reign of Ed.1. in laying the foundation of a new
place has cold us ) the walls of an old round Church, (6
built as that the Altar bas been about the middle ; and we
are of opmion (lo he adds) that 'tis rhe wery ſame which
fort of town this is, and how large the Monaſtery
_—_—
Cl De Brakeland.
* Rojng terrified with a viſion of $. Kdmund.
b A learned perſon very well vers'd in the Antiquitics of this place, affirms that there aever was any ſuch Abbur as .
In Abbot Anſelm's time there was a S#cri#t of that name in this Monaſtery ; of whom ſec the Monaſticon, vol. 1. pag. 300.
ever lince the Retormarion been under the juriſdiction of the B.ſhop of Serwich.
ck his Y
3 And oor Newport, in life wamer wall 4 in the Abbey.
Brita
Va'rme.*
place ſhould not be m any thing ſubjet to the Biſhop, but :
_—
Chapel, there were found ( as Everſden Monk of the x..,9a
was built at firſt || to the ſervice of $. Edmund. But what | ad 4s
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—
SUFFOLK
370
_—
was while it ſtood, learn of Leland, who was an eye-
witnels. A city more neatly ſeated the ſun never ſaw, it
hangs ſo curiouſly upon a gentle deſcent, with 8 little river
upon the eaFt-ſide ; nor a Monaſtery more great and ſt ate-
ly, whether one conſider the endowments, largeneſi, or un-
parallel d magnificence. One might think even the Monaſte-
ry it ſelf were a City ; ſo many gates bas it ( ſome whereof
are of braſs, ) ſo many towers, and a Church than which
nothing can be more magnificent : as appendages to which
ws but there are © * three more of admirable beauty and workman-
mn. (. (hip im the ſame Churchyard. If one enquires after the
extent of it's wealth, it would be a hard matter to
give an account of the value of thoſe gifts which
were hung up at the ſingle tomb of St. Edmund ;
beſide the revenues and land-rents to one thouſand
tive hundred and ſixty pound. If I ſhould particu-
larly reckon up the trequent quarrels between the
Citizens and Monks ( who by their Steward go-
vern'd the City,) and with what eagerneſs they con-
trivd the death and deſtrution of each other, the
ſtrangeneſs of the relation would ſpoil it's credit. But
all this work which had been ſo long in growing,
and all that wealth fo many years in getting toge-
ther *, was deſtroy'd and diſpers'd upon the diffoluti-
on of Monaſteries by Hen. 8. who was mov to it
by a ſert of men that under the ſpecious pretence of
reforming Religion, preterr'd their own private in-
zreſt and profits betore that of their Prince and
Country, yea and even before the glory of Ged. Yer
the very carcaſs of it's ancient greatneſs hath ſome-
thing of beauty, and the very ruins are ſplendid,
which when you ſee, you cannot but both admire
and commiſerate. And (to rake notice of this by
the way ) if England ever ſufferd by the loſs of any
man, *rwas in this place. For that true Father of his
Country, Humfrey Duke of Gloceſter (a ſtri& patron
— —
| a ſmall village, but not to be omitted, becauſe it
ave birth to Fobn Lidgate the Monk, whois Wir John Lid.
eems to have been form'd and modell'd by the very 5
Muſes ; all the beauties and elegancies are fo lively
exprelsd in his Engliſh Poetry. And theſe are the
places of note on the weſt-ſide of Suffolk.
On the ſouth, I ſaw the river Stour, immediately
'after it's riſe, enlarge it's ſelf into a great Fen call d
| Stourmere ; but conltmely gathering it's waters within
| the banks, it runs firſt by Clare, a noble village, which
| beſide it's demoliſh'd Caſtle, has given the name of
| Clare to a very honourable family, deſcended from $1.
| Giſlebere a Norman Earl ; and the ticle of Duke to Cue.
| Leonel fon of Edward 3. who having marry'd into
this family, had the title of Duke of Clarence beſtow'd
| upon him by his father. For from this place he was
; Call'd Duke of Clarence $ ( as formerly the poſterity of
| Giſlebert were ſtil'd Earls of Clare) and dying at
|| Longuevill in Italy after he had rook for his ſecond |} Alba.
wife the daughter of -Galeacius Viſcount of Milan, lies Sempeſe,
bury'd here in the Collegiate Church ; 'as does aifo
Joanna de Acres daughter of Edw. 1. wife to Gilbert,
the ſecond de Clare that was Earl of Gloceſter. *Tis
poſlible the Reader may expe&, that I ſhould here
| give an account of the Earls of Clare and Dukes of Earls of
Clarence, conſidering they have always made an ho- ***
nourable figure in this kingdom ; and I will do it in
| ſhort, for fear any one ſhould ſeek ic in vain. Richard,
ſon of Giflebert Earl of * Ewe in Normandy, was a Augy.
ſoldier under William { the Conquerour ] when he _—_
came over into England, by whom he had the vil-
lages of Clare and Tunbridge beſtow'd upon him. He
had four ſons, Gifſlebert, Roger, Walter, and Robert,
from whom the Fitz Walters are deſcended. Giflebert, Guil. Ge-
by the daughter of che Earl of Clermont had Richard, M- & He
who ſucceeded him ; Giſlebert, from whom was de-
of Juſtice, and one who had improv'd his own | ſcended the famous Richard Earl of Pembroke and
curious natural parts with ſevere ſtudies, ) after he| Conquerour of Ireland; and Walter. Richard the
had govern'd the Kingdom under Henry 6. for 2x
years together, with ſo. great applauſe and commen-
dation, that neither the good could find reaſon for
complaints, nor the bad tor calumnies ; was cut off
in this place by the malice of Margaret of Loraine.
She, obſerving her husband King Henry 6. to be of
a little and narrow foul, tell about this villanous con-
trivance to get the management of the government
into her own hands. But in the iſſue, 'twas the
greateſt misfortune could have betell either her or
; eldeſt being ſlain by the Welſh, leit ewo ſons, Gilbert Rob Mon-
and Roger. Gilbert under King Stephen was Earl of _
Hertford ; notwithſtanding which, both he and his
ſucceſſors, from this their chiet ſear, were common-
ly ſtil'd, and wrote themſelves de Clare. He dying
without iſſue, was ſucceeded by his brother Roger,
whoſe ſon Richard marry'd Amicia daughter and co-
heir of William Earl of Glocefter ; and in right of her,
his poſterity were Earls of Gloceſter, whom you
the kingdom. For Normandy and Aquitain were pre-
ſently loſt upon it, and a molt lamentable Civil war
raisd in England.
Near this 8. Edmwndsbury, we lee Ruſbbrok, the ſeat
of the famous and Knightly family of the Fermins ;
be*%orh, and at a lietle diſtance from thence, Ikeſworth, where
was an old Priory founded by Gi/bert Blund, a perlon
of great Nobility, and Lord of Ikefworth: ' his ifſue-
male in a right line fail'd in William, lain in Hen. 3.'s
time at the battel of Lewes, who left his two ſifters,
Agnes wife of William de Creketot, and Roiſia of Robert
ae Valoniz, his heirs [ d | 5. |
More to the north, is Fernbam S. Genovefe, memo-
rable upon this account, that Richard Lucy Lord
Chief Juſtice of England, did here engage Robert
Earl of Leiceſter in a pitch'd battel, and ſlew above
ten thouſand Flemings, whom he had invited over
tor the deſtruction of his Country. In this neighbour-
hood I obfſerv'd two very neat feats : the one built by
re, the Kirſons Knights, at Hengrave, formerly the poſſeſ
ſion of Edmund de Hengrave a famous Lawyer under
Edward 1.; and the other of late at Culfurth, by
Sir Nicholas Bacon Kt. fon of that Nicholas Bacon
Keeper of the Great Seal of England, who for his
lingular prudence and ſolid judgment, was whilſt he
lv'd, deſervedly accounted + one of the two Support:
ers of this Kingdom. Not far from hence is Lidgate
re. find in their proper place. But at laſt, upon
defaulc of heir-male, Leonel third fon of Edw. 3. (who
had marry'd El:zabeth daughter and ſole heir of //-
| liam de Burgo Earl of Ulſter, by Elizabeth Clare ) was
honour'd by his father with the new title of Duke of
Clarence. But he having only a daughter, cal'd
Philippa, wife of Edmund Mortimer Earl of March ;
King Henry 4. created his younger fon Thomas
Duke of Clarence, who was Governour of Norman. R'k*s BE
dy ?, and in the aſſaults of the Scors and French was © *
ſlain in Anjou, leaving no iſſue behind him. A con-
ſiderable time after, Edward 4. conferr'd this honour
upon George his brother, whom after bitcer quarrels 1427,
and a molt inveterate hatred berween them. he had
receiv'd into favour: yer for all that he ar length dit-
patch'd him in priſon, ordering him to be diown'd ;
( as the report commonly goes) f in a butt of ?.In cole.
Malmeſey. And thus 'tis planced in the nature of
man, to hate thoſe they fear and thoſe with whom
they have had quarrels for life, even cho' they bg
brethren [e]
From Clare the Stour runs by Long-Melford, a beau-
tiful Hoſpital lately built by that excelient perſon
Sir William Cordall Knight, Maſter of the Rolls; to
Sudbury, i. &. the Southern burrough, which it almoſt Sudbury,
encompaſſes. The common opinion is, * that chis
was once the chief town of the County, and thar
ic had the name given ic with reſpect co Norwich, 1. e,
_— — ——_— —
4 There are but two entire, and the vaſt ruins of a third, The two Randing are St. Maries, and St. fames; and that in ruins was the great
Church of the Monaltery.
deaconries of Suffolk and of Suabury.
* Through th: means of S. Edmunds Shrine, and the monument of Alan
King Edw 1. Earl of Norfolk, and Marſhal of England; Thomas
®rance, daughter to King Henry 7. and many acher ill
elſewhere, the family of Drary { which ſignifits in old
T4 with the aeire,s of Frelil of Sacham.
Albemarle,
Beaufort, Duke of
i Ib Per nages __ tf "WF | > ab
2 precious jew ath been of great reputation ; move efpec:
s With @ fuler ſound than chat of Clare.
« For Ecclettaſtical Juriſdiction it has ſtill fomething of preheminence; the County being divided into the two Arch»
Britain and Richmmd; £i# Thomas of Brotherton, ſon #»
eter ; William Earl of Stafford ; Mary Queen Dowager of
* 5 Afterward bath here a; Raulited near Rougham, and
ſmce they were mar+
7 As alſa Lord High Steward of England, aud Earl of
Aa the
Rufus Exrl
»
— — A —— —— ———————— — A__—_ Ot RAN We VERA cc II | 1 44
RY Se ES eo Ag EE 190.7 We 2 A oo 4
oY OR oY Fees +
— —— — — — NS CE ———— RCCL” TT” I. OI
ifhdl
the northern village. And indeed, at this day it has |
no realon to give place to it's neighbours. For 'tis
populous, and thrives exceedingly by the wy
—_—_— _ — — — > — — —
_ -
trade : it's chiet Magiſtrate allo is a Mayor, who 15
annually choſen out of the ſeven Aldermen. Not
Elwar%% far from hence is Edwarde/ten, a place of no great
_ repute at preſent, but had formerly Lords and inha-
bitants of great honour, call'd de Monte Caniſio, and
Rr le Commonly Ment-chenſy, Ot which family , Guarin |
Minor Hiſt.
Maith.Par.
the head-ot it we ſce Bretenham , a little inconlidera-
biecown, without almoſt any appearance of a City :
Combreto- and yer that it is the Combreronzum, mention'd by An-
nium, - toninus in thoſe parts, is evident both from the ath-
nity and ſignification of the name. For as Bretenham
in Engliſh implies a rown or manſion upon the Breton ;
ſo does Combretonium in Welſh , a valley or low place
upon the Breton. But this place in the Peutegerian
Tables is falfly call d Comverronum and Ad Covecin. A
little way from hence to the eaſt, is ſeen Nertleſted,
Barons Y from whence are the Jenrworths, whom King Hen:
ptnnbg ry the eighth honour'd with the dignity ot Barons :
and neighbour to it is Offron , 1. Ce. the town of Offa
King of the Mercians ; where, upon a chalky hill
chere lye the ruins of an old Caſtle, which they tell
you was built by King Offa, after he had villanouſly
cut off Ethelbert King of the Eaſt-Angles, and ſciz'd
upon his kingdom *'*, Below this is Hadley , in Saxon
headlege, famous at this day for making of woollen
Cloaths, but mention'd by our ancient Hiſtorians
Guthrum, upon the account of Guthrum or Gormo the Dane's
Ne13,12 being buried here, For when Alfred had brought
him to ſuch terms as to make him embrace Chriſtia-
nity, and be baptiz'd, he affign'd him this tract of the
yr that be might (to uſe the words of my
* Author) by a due Allegrance to the King , proteft thoſe
Countries be had before over-run with ravage and plun-
der.
From hence the Breton runs ** into the Stour, whoſe
Batley united ſtreams flowing not far from Bentley, where
the Talmaches, a famous and ancient family, have
a long time flouriſht 5 within a few miles run near
Arwerton. Arwerton, formerly the ſeatof the famous family of
the Bacons **; now of the Parkers,who by the father's
ſide are deſcended from the Barons Morley , and by
the mother trom the Calthrops, a very eminent family.
Then they flow into the Ocean ; and the river Or:
well or Gipping, joyning them jult at the mouth, dil-
charges it felf along with them. This riſes about
the very middle of the County, out of two Springs,
Wulpett. one near 1/»/pett, the other at a little village call'd
Gipping. Wulpett is a Market-town, and fignihes in
Latin Luporum foſſa, i. &. @ den of Wolves, it we be-
lieve Newbrigenſis , who has patche up as formal a
* Vera ſtory about this place, as is the * True Narrative of
+ Ex 5a:y- Lucian. Namely, how two little green boys, | born
rorum of Satyrs, after a long tedious wandering through
Seuert fubterrancous Caverns from another world, z. e. the
Antipodes, and the Land of St. Martin , came up here.
| It you would have more particulars of the ſtory , 1
| [Omnibes refer you to the Author himſelf |, who ( as one ex-
tidenda Preſſes it) will make you ſplit your (ides with laughing.
wn pirabit. I know not whether I ſhould here take notice , into
"ne what vain groundlefs hopes of tinding gold at Norton
Bretenham,
ICENT
hard by, King Hemy the eighth was drawn by an
for mc. Berween the Gipping and [7 wipetr, upon 2
-O——_— — ——_—
_ —
eching ciedulous Avarice. But the diggings ſpeak
high hill, are the remains of an old Caſtle call'd
|
'
|
|
-_
Hawgblee, in compals about two acres. Some will
have this to have been call'd H.:gonetb-Caſtle, which 1»...
belong d to Ralph de Broc, and was in the year 1173,
taken and Jemoilht by Robert Earl ct Leiceſter »2.
Upon the fame river, are ſeen Srow and Needham,
MOoTeDent) marry'd the daughter and co-heir of that moſt pow- | {mall Market-towns ; and not far from the bank,
erful Earl of Pembroke William Marſhal , and had | Hemingiton, wherein Baldwin le Pertour (oblerve, the
by her a daughter Foama, who brought to her hul- | name) beld Lands by Serjeanty ( thus an ancient Book & mery
band William de Valentia of the family of Luſigny in | exprelles it) for which he was oblig'd every Chriſtmas. Tr
France, the title of Earl of Pembroke. That Gua- | day to perform before our Lord the King of England , one
rin Mont-chenſy, as he had great honours, {o likewiſe | Saltus, eve Suffletus, and one Bumbulus ; or as 'tis read
had he a very plentiful! fortune ; infomuch that in | in another place, he held it by 2 Saltus, a Suftlus,az,!
thoſe times he was call'd the Craſſus of England, bx | Petrus ; that is (it I apprehend it aright) he was to
Will amounting to no leſs than two hundred thouſand | dance, make a noiſe with his cheeks puff d our, and
marks | f]*. A tew miles from hence, the Stour is | to let a fart. Such was the plain jolly mirth ot tho?
encreas'd by the little river Breton , which within a | times. *T isalfo oblerv'd, that the Manour of Lang hall
{mall compals: waſhes two towns of Antiquity, At | belong'd to this Fee. Nearer the mouth, I faw Ipſw;ch, !-*
fo:merly Gippewich, a little City lowly ſeated, and
as it were the eye of this Counry. It has a pretty
commodious harbour, has been fortify'd with a ditch
and rampire, has a great trade, and is very populor;
being adorn'd with fourteen Churches , and larye
ſtately private buildings | g . I pats by the tour Ke-
ligious Houſes now demoliſht , and the mavniticent
College begun by Cardinal We!/ey, a butchers lon,
and born in this place ; whole valt thoughts were al-
ways took up with extravagant projects, The Body
Politick of it (as I have been toid ) conlifts of 12
Burgeſles (whom they call Por:men,) and out of chem
two Baz/iff; are annually choſen for their chief Ma-
giltrates, and as many Fu#tices out of 24 more. As
to its Aritiquity, ſo far as my obſervation has car-
ry'd me, we hear nothing of its name before the Da-
niſh Invaſion, which it fel ſufficiently. In the year
of our Lord 991. the Danes plunder d this place, and
all along the ſca-coaſt, with fo much cruelty and bar.
barity , that Siriciws Archbiſhop of Canterbury, and
the Nobility of England, thought it mo!t adviſable
to purchaſe a Peace of them for ten thouſand pound.
Bur for all that, before nine years were at an end,
they plunder'd chis town a ſecond time ; whereupon
the Engliſh preſently engaged them with a great deal
of reſolution ; but (as Henry of Huntingdon has it)
by the cowardly fear of one ſingle man Twrk:/, our
men were put to flight, and the victory as it were
dropt out of our hands. Thus, ſmall accidents give
a ſtrange turn in the atfairs of war. In Edward the
Confeſlor's reign (as we find ic in Domeſday-book)
Queen Edeva had two parts of thu town,and Earl Guere
a third ; and there were m it 800 Burgeſſes that paid
Cuſtom to the King. But when the Normens had pot-
ſels'd themlelves of England,they built here a Caltle ;
which Hugh Bigod held for fon: time againſt Srephen
the uſurping King of England ; but at laft furien-
der'd it. Now 'tis ſo entirely gone to decay , th:
there is not fo much as the rubbiſh lett. Some are ot
opinion that it ſtood in the adjoyning parith of 1/c/:-
feld, where appear the remains «f a Caſtle ; and te!
you, that was the ſite of old Grppuic. I fancy it was
a neighbouring Caſtle, with the ground. For this
was-a harbour for the Rebels, and here the three
thouſand Flemings landed, who were invited over by
the Nobility to affiſt them again(t him, when he had
tell upon that unlucky detign ot making his fon Henry
an equal ſharer with him in the Government; and
when the young man, who knew-not how to ſtay at
che top without running headliong , our of a mad
reſtleſs defire of reigning declar'd a moſt . unnatural
war againſt his own father. Though theſe Caltles
are now quite gone , yet the ſhore is very well dc-
T—— —
— -
TD —£——— OT” —O©D — R —_—
_ — —- —- —
; s $clden has obſeri'd it to be taken out of 3almerbury. Not. MS.
8 No [mal] weaith, as the ſtandard was then. From a younger brot her wr cadet of this houſe of Montchenſfie , iſu'd by an heir-genera! re f.
of the Waidgraves, who having long finurijbt in Knightly aegrec at Smaltbridge nearer to Stour, as another family of great acenn? 132 elor 4.
Buers, whico was thereof ſernamea. 9 Whence was S$;r Thimnas Wentworth, w/7017 King Henry 8. honour'd with the title 5 Pore Wenmwontlts
12 But ro return to the river Breton, on the banks of another brook that x joyn'd thereto, ſtands Lancham, a /air market-tom:; ; aid nem 77 tre”
nour of Burnt-Elicie, ts which King Henry 3. granted a market at the requeſt of Sir Renry Shelton Lord thereof, wheje > #:r1ty flor iſh; bers for a 0g
time. '" Runs ſwiftly by Higham, wherce ihe family of Higham takes 1ts name, to Stour &c. 's Who kela 11; 1:211wy of Brome by 0704017,
'all the Foormen of Suffolk and Nortolk from $7. Edmurd's-dike, i 1/14 wars of Wade, 13 During the inteſtine wer tn, King Horry 2. 214 #44
difloyal jon.
f:nded,
2M
*(
demoliſhe, when Henry the f2cond levelld /aleton, "+
'Þ,
> /
# (117
Peoek *WY\
Barone 11:
48, 4
I 6 sF UF
_
Purhan,
of TY
113
3 Boutetorss Lords of Wily in Worceſterſhire; and. from
1 by Framlingbam, formerly a Caſtle of the Bigods ”,
"-* into a fort of Lake. This is a very beautiful Caſtle,
!
" Ouho, Or 8be Jon
—
SUFFQAK
© —— .
-2c:ionfended- by. a vaſt ridge (they call it Langerfox)which|
for abouttwa miles, as one obſezves, lays all along out
of the Sea,. not without. great danger and terrour to
Mariners. *Tis however of. uſe.co che Fiſhermen for
drying of their fiſh 3 and does in a manner fence the
ſpacious harbour Orwell, And ehus mack'of the-fourh
part of this County. 0079S 27 054 £99
From hence a crooked ſhore ( for = = , Dn
art lyes. upon the Sea) cunning northward, preſent-
l M05 4521 2 the little river * Deben. Ic 2 near
Mendle
_ of Ocho | the Mint-maiter,, -procur'd
Edward the
the privilege 'of a Market, and Fair of
to the
firſt. By: his heirs. a conſiderable eſtate,
them. afterwards, in the reign of Richard the ond,
to Frevily '* Buynel, and others. From hence the ri-
ver Deben continues its courſe, and gives name to
Debenbam a ſmall Market-town ( which . others will
have call'd more rightly Depenham ) becauſe the foil
being moiſt and clayie, the roads all round about it
are troubleſome. _ From thence: it runs by
Uford, formerly the ſeat of Rybere de Ufford Earl of
Suffolk, and.on the oppoſite bank is Rendilu-hamm, i.e.
as Bede interprets it, the home or manſion of Rendilas ,
where Redwald King of the: Eaſt-Angles cominonl
kept his Court. He was the firſt of all chat People
that was baptiz'd and receiv'd Chriſtianity ; bur af:
terwards, educ'd by his wife , he had (as Bede ex-
preſſes it) .in tbe ſelf ſame Church, one Altar for the Re-
ligion of Chriff, and anather for the Sacrifices to Devils,
Suidbelmus.alſo, King of the Eaſt-Angles, was after-
wards baptiz'd in this place by Cedda the Biſhop.
From 70/20 the river Deben runs on to Woodbridge,
.
£9 which the.Lord. of the HL Fitz. |.
a little town beautify'd with neat buildings, where |
8t certain ſet times 15 the Meeting for the Liberty of
S. Etheldred; and aſter the courſe of a few miles is |
receiv d b the Sea at Bawdſey-haven. | |
Then the ſhore ſteals on by little and little towards
the Eaſt, to the mouth of the river Ore, which runs
and preſently upon the weſt ſide of it ſpreads. it ſelf
fortify'd with a rampire, a ditch, and awallof great
thickneſs with thirteen towers : within, it has very
convenient Lodgings, From this place it was, that
inthe year of our Lord 1173. when the rebellious
ſon of King Henry the ſecond took up Arms againſt
his father, Robert Earl of Leiceſter wich his Stipen-
diaries from Flanders,harraſsd the Country all round.
And here alſo it was, that in the year 1553. Queen
Mary enter'd upon the government, notwithſtanding
the violent oppoſition of Dudley Earl of Northum-
berland againſt King Henry the eight's daughters.
The river goes next to Parrham, a little town, whole
Lord William Willoughby had the dignity of a Baron
conferrd upon him by King Edward the fixth :
and from thence running by Glembam , which has
given name to an ancient and famous family **, to
Oreford that takes its name from it, it falls into the
Sea. This was once a large and populous town,
fortify'd with a Caſtle of reddiſh ſtone , which for-
merly belong'd to the YValoimies, and afterward to the
Willoug bbeys. Þur now it complains of the Sea"s ingra-
titude, which withdraws it felf by little and little,
and begins to envy it the advantage of a harbour.
And this is all I have to ſay of Oreford , unleſs you
pleaſe to run over this ſhort paſſage of Ralph de Copge-
ſoal, an ancient Writer. I the time of Henry the firſt,
when Bartholomew de Glawuile was page of =
Caſtle of Oreford, [ome en hapen'd to catch a wi
aa 4 br. nets. : All [G6 of bus body reſembPd
thoſe of a man ; he bad hair on his bead, a long * picked
beard, and about the breaſt was exceeding hairy and
rough. But at length he made bs eſcape privately in-
to the Sea, and was never ſeen more. v0 that what the
common People affirm, may be very true, Whatever |
produc'd in any part of nature, * in the ſea ; and not |
— —— —s
-
onyphe coaſts of Portugal, and the Sea-man in the
we of ikegher: T2
of: m ”
within the. de of
taugbgden , where the
others will have K, 4 burroug h upon the river 4d.” T iS»
1945 for mariners and fither- *
a oY Wen mmoe
men, by.w megans, the place is ,papulous, and is
muck'favour'd by che hy which'is N iiele unkind to
other tawhs upon this coalt., Hard by, when in the
year; 155 5.: atk che. corn throughout England was
choake in.the ear hy unſeaſonable weather ; the inha-
bitants tell you, chat.in, the beginning of Autumn
there grew-, Peg
without any earth
the dearth ['in t
a
th {in choſe parts
people affirm, that, Pulſe caſt upon the ſhore by thip-
wrack, * us'd to grow there iow and then; and fo
quite exclude the miracle. _ But that ſuch as theſe
grow every. year among the pebbles on the coaſts of
ent, We have obſerv'd before.
From hence keeping along the ſhore, at teri miles Dunwich.
diſtance we nieet with Dunwich, in Saxori Dunmoc.,
mention'd by Bede. - Here ic was that Fzl;x the Bur.
guadien, who reduc'd. the Eaſt-Angles (then falling
rom the, Faith.) to- Chriſtianity , fixt an Epiſco-
pal Seat. in the year 630, and his Succeſſors for ma-
ny Joes: preſided over the whole kingdom of the
Eal -Angles. Buc Biſus, the fourth from Felix,when
by reaſon. of old age and a broken conſtitution , he
tound himſelf altogether unable to manage fo large a
Province, divided it. into two Sees. One he kept in
this place, and fixt the other at a little town call'd
North-Elmbam. In the reign of William the firſt,
bad 236 Burgeſſes and 100 Poor : it was walued at fifty
pound, and ſixty thouſand | berrings by gift. So we read * Ale
in Domelday-book. In the laſt age it was very PO- c:-9.
porch, and famous for a'Mint ; and in the reign of
lenry the ſecond, it was (as William of Newburrow
has told us) a famous village, well ſtor d with riches of
all ſorts, At which time, when the peace of England
was diſturb'd with freſh commotions, it was tortify'd
purpoſe, to awe Robert Earl of Leiceſter, who
dDver-run all thoſe parts far and near. But now by a
private pique of Nature (which has ſet no fixt bounds
to the incurſions of the Sea) the greateſt part of it is
{wept away by the violence of the waves ; and the
Biſhops having many years ago transferr'd their Sear
tO another place, it lyes now ih ſolitude and deſolati-
on [h). Alittlehigher, the river Blith unloads it
{e}f into the Sea ; upon whoſe bank I ſaw alittle town
call'd Blbborow,memorable only for the burying place Blihbor-
i - SAN ns 4
1g a ſafe and pleaſant ſituation,
a beats
{ters.
vY
Ei
parts,] Bur the more thinking 1%
Or -3;f+
of the Chriſtian King Anna, whom Penda the Mer- ***:
cian ſlew in a pitcht battel. The Church was made
eminent for a College of Prebendaries by Henry the
firſt, who granted it to the Canons of St. O/th. Tr
has a Market by the favour of John Lord Clavering,
to whom King Edward the ſecond granted this Pri-
vilege along with a Fair. He was poſlel(s'd of a ve-
ry large eſtate in thoſe parts ; as deſcended from the
aughter and heir of William de Caſinero or Cheney, Sibron.
who held the Barony of Horsford in the County of
Norfolk, and built a ſmall Monaſtery at Sibron (i |.
Here the Promontory Eaſton-neſſe ſhoots it
great way into the Sea Eaſtward, fo that 'tis looke
{elf 1 Exteniio
Promonr.
Kaifton-
upon to be the fartheſt eaſt of any part of Britain. »*!«
By Ptolemy ir is calld *EZ»4, or Extenſ#o, extenſion :
and to put it beyond all doubt, that this is the fame
with our Ea#ton, know that Eyſteney is the ſame in
Britiſh that 'tZ-yi is in the Greek, and Exter//o in the
Latinzthough indeed this name might as probably be
deriv'd from our own language, becauſe of theeaſter-
ly ſituation of the place '7. In the ſouth part of this
romontory, Southwold lyes in a plain low and open,
expos'd to the Sea ; which the convenience of the
harbour, made by the river Blith's unlading it ſelf
=
+ Ar'the ſouth part of the Meer-ſbingle (ſays Blome) there (till 'comes up yearly certain coarſe grey Peas,and very good Coleworts out of the tony-
heaps,
'+ Parkley of Stoke. 5 Through the bounty of King Henry i, *5
ſame Promontory, ſtands Eaſton, 8 village of fiſbermen almoſt entirely ſwa
Decoded fom the Bacons and Brandons.
Aa the
7 On the fartheſt part of the
'd wp of the ſex; and #1 the jeuthern fi4+ thereof, Suurhwold, ©:
re,
7
ac all fabulous what Pliny. has wrote about the Triton Tritons and
8#2- m:0N-
| apa it on.the calk, and the River on che welt, lycs
A 2h, which {6 figs an, ancient Burrough, Or as Aldburgh.
jpuracntoally among, the rocks , pe.c. grow.
t them, and-that they reliev'd ing our of
Regilt, Mo
na't. de
2 WAR aA). ee I AR A 9 6 er ut es 7
* » 44
Cer ee ee ee Om RE EEE COCAINE
375.
OOO CSS eo et
Lib.z. De
it, Decor.
Wingfic'd.
Phelipps.
Hunting-
ficld.
Henning-
ham.
Halcſworth,
Martyrdom
of King
Edmund.
Hoxon.
Cornwal-
leys.
Eay.
Book of
inqui:1%%. xy2,llet a Norman Baron. But when he was
there,has render'd a pretty populous town, At high
water, it is ſo encompaſt wich the Sea, that few.
take it for an Iſland, and wonder that "tis not all
overflow d. Which brings to' my mind that paſſage
of Cicero ; What ſhall we ſay of the Tides in Spain and
Britain,” and their ebbing and flowing at ſet times ? with-
out a God they cannot be, who bath'ſet bounds to the ſea.
More inward, wee ſee Wingfield (with its half ruina-
ced Caſtle) which gave both a name and ſeat to a
TTE NT.
when the ſeditious Barons put all England in an up-
roar, fortify'd a Caſtle,to the ſtrength whereofnature
very much contributed. Of which he was wont to
boaſt, as if it were impregnable,
Were Lin my Caſtle of Bangey
Upon the River of Waveney,
I would ne care for the King of Cockeney.
Notwithſtanding which, he was afterwards forc'd
large family in thoſe parts, famoris for their knight-
hood and ancient nobility. And Dn;
boaſts of its Lord' Fobn Phelipps, the farher ' of that
William, who married the daughter and heir of Ba-
ron Bardolph and whoſe daughter and heir was marry'd
to John Viſcount Beawmont. But now *tis the ſear of |
the ancient family of the Rouſes. Nor far from hence
is Hunti
third, had a no:ed Baron of that name: and near
this is Heveningham, the ſeat of the knightly family de |
Heveningham, which is exceeding ancient : at a lit-
tle diſtance from whence is Haleſworth , formerly
Healfworda, an ancient town of the Argentons , now
of the Alingtons, for which Richard Argenton pro-
curd the Privilege of a Market of King Henry the
third.
That on the north part two little rivers , namely,
Ouſe the leſs, and Waveney , divide this County from
Norfolk, we have already obſerv'd. They borh rile
out of a marſhy ground about Lophamford, very near
one the other; and run quite contrary ways, with
creeks full of ſhallow fords. On this ſide of the Ouſe
( which goes weſtward ) there is nothing memora-
ble [k]. Upon Waveny, which is carried eaſtward,
firſt we meet with Hoxon, formerly Hegil/don, made
famous by the martyrdom of King Edmund. For there
the moſt Chriſtian King, becauſe he would not re-
nounce Chriſt, was by the moſt inhuman Danes
(to uſe the words of Abbo) bound to a tree, and bad
bs body all over mangl'd with arrows. And they to mm
creaſe the pain and torture with ſhowers of arrows, made
wound upon wound, till the darts gave place to one another.
And as a middle-age Poet has lung of him :
Fam loca wulneribus deſunt, nec dum furicfes
Tela, [ed byberna grandine plura wolant.
Now wounds repeated leit no room for new,
Yer impious foes ſtill more relentleſs grew,
And-ſtill like winter-hail their pointed arrows flew.
In which place was afterwards a very neat ſeat of
the Biſhops of Norwich, till they exchang'd it not
long ſince for the Monaſtery of S. Benedi##. In the
neighbourhood, at Brome, the family of Cornwall;
Knights, have dwelt for a long time ; of which,
Fohn was Steward of the Houſhold to King Edward
the ſixth, and Thomas his ſon , for his prudence and
fidelity, was Privy-Councellor to Queen Mary, and
Lord Controller of her Houſhold. Below this is
Eay, that is, the [{and, ſo call'd becauſe *tis water'd
on all ſides; where are ſeen the rubbiſh, ruins, and
the decaying walls of a Monaſtery dedicated to St.
Peter, and of anold Caſtle which belong'd to Rober:
w'd
of his dignity under Henry the firſt, for ſiding with
Robert Duke of Normandy againſt that King, he be-
ſtow'd this Honour upon Stephen Count of Bologne ;
who afterwards uſurping the Crown of England,
left it to his ſon William Earl of F/aren. But atter he
'*had loſt his life in theExpedirion of Tholoſe,the Kings
kept it in their own hands, till Richard r. gave it to
Henry 5. of that name, Duke of Brabant and Lorain,
with the grandchild of K.Stephen by a daughter(who
had been a Nun.) A long time after,when it return'd
to the Kings of England, Edward the third ( as 1
have heard) gave it to Robert de Ufford Earl of Suf.
B:dingfield, folk. Nor muſt we paſs by Bedingfield in the neigh-
Flixton.
Bungey.
bourhood, which gave name to a famous and anci-
ent family, chat receiv'd much honour by the heir of
Tudenham. From thence along by Fixton, for Felixton,
( ſo nam'd among many others in this County from
Felix the firſt Biſhop) the river Waveney runs to Bun-
gey, and almoſt encompaſſes it. Here Hugh Biged,
which '
to compound for a great ſum of money and hoſta-
ges, wich Henry the ſecond, to fave it from being de-
' moliſht.. Next, not far from the banks, we meecc
with Mettingham, where in a plain, a ſquare Caſtle Mering
with a College in it, was buile by the Lord of the bu
place Fobn, ſirnam'd de Norwich , whoſe daughter,
and afterward heir of the family, was marryd to
14, which in the reign cf Edward the | Robert de Ufford Earl of Suffolk, to whom ſhe broughe
a fair eſtate.
Now the Wawveney drawing nearer the Sea, while
{ it tries in vain to break a double paſſage into the O-
cean (the one along with the river Yare, the other
through the lake Larhing) makes a pretty large Penin-
ſula, call'd by ſome Lowingland, but by others more
truly Luthingland ; from that long and ſpatious lake Lung
Luthing, which beginning at the Sea-ſide , empries it =
ſelf into the river Yare. At. the beginning of this,
Leftoffe, a little town hangs (as ic were) over the ſea; Let.
and at the end of it is Gorlfon, where I faw the tower
of a ſmall ruinated religious Houſe, which is of ſome
uſe to the Sea men. More inward , upon the Yare is
Somerley, formerly (as I was told) the: ſeat of the Sonerl,
Fitz-Osberts, from whom it came to the knightly and
famous family of the Ferneganes. A little higher,
where the Yare and Waveney joyn , there flouriſh'd
Cnobersbarg, i. e. ( as Bede interprets it) the City of
Cnoberws : we call it at this day Burghcaſtel WhichCrovei
as Bede has it) by the wicinity of woods and ſes, was a
very pleaſant Caſtle, wherein a Monaſtery was built by
Furſzus the Scot. By his perſwaſions Sigebert was in-
duc'd to quit the Throne, and betake himſelf to a
Monaſtick life ; but afterwards being drawn againſt
his will out of this Monaſtery, to encourage his own
men in a battel againſt the Mercians, he was cut off
e place but broken walls, almoſt ſquare , built of
flints and Britiſh brick. It is quite overgrown with
briars and thorns ; amongſt which they now and
then dig up Roman coins : fo that it ſeems to have
been one of thoſe Forts which the Romans built up-
on the river Garienis againſt the Saxon-Piracies ; or
rather indeedthe very Garianonum, where the Stableſian
horſe had their ſtation | 1
Suffolk has had Earls and Dukes of ſeveral Fami- Duke
lies. There are ſome modern Authors , who tell us £7;
that the Glanwils were formerly honour'd with that
ticle : but ſince they build upon no ſure authority,
and the miltake is obvious, nor dozs any thing of it
appear in the publick Records of the kinglom ; they
muſt excuſe me if I ſuſpend my aſfenc, ci!l they con-
vince me upon better grounds. Not but I own the
family of the Glanuils to have made a very great fi-
gure in theſe parts. But before Edward the third's
crime, I could never yet find it vouch'd by good au-
thority that any one was honour'd with the ticle of
Earl of this County. But that King made Robert
de Ufford (a perſon of great exploits both at home
and abroad, fon of Robert Steward of the King's
houſe under Edward the ſecond, by Cecilia de V alonis
Lady of Orford) Earl of Suffolk. To him ſucceeded
his fon 1/:/l;am, whole four ſons were ſnatcht away
by an untimely death in his life time , and himfelt,
juſt as he was a going to report the opinion of the
Houſe of Commons in Parliament, fell down dead.
Robert Iilloughby,Roger Lord of Scales,and Henry de tng. :
Ferrariis of Grooby, as next heirs at Law, divided ***
the eltate. And Richard the ſecond advanc'd M:- ;.Cr-
chael de Iz Pole from a Merchant to this honour, and in 097;
to the dignity of Lord Chancellour of England. yas
IWho (as Tho. Walſingham tells us) was better vers d hem FY
in merchandize ( as a Merchant himſelf , and the Son 145. &
of a Merchant ) than in martial matters. For he was wil
«pl all his company. Now there is nothing in j Un «
_
i ii
_
'* Having ſurrczd 1d his eſtate to King Henry 2.
i —————— >
—
the
. a _—_
——
No
Mt
1
--
S—_—_—
PF 7
*” 4 — -
*.
ſhire
%:AHordlh,
Clo. feR.z,
\rnal,
bi2.cyz,
deande oc
Ut [con;,
e Hel, in om wpow
Ciſtinguiſh the bounds of the old Britiſh people ; when
the ſon of William de is Pole, the firſt Mayorof King-.| allo, whody'd of. grief; and. to the ruine of the
mily, which expird with him: For his bro-
4, ſtytd Earl Sul, making hiseſcaps
ebellion againſt King
; who upon account of his great. wealth | wh
had the dignity of a Bawerert conferr'd vpon:-bine by | ther
Edward the: third Bur wanting a ſpirit fit to receive | inca
thoſe crowds of proſperity, he was forc'd- to quit his!
Country, and dy'd in 1 hment. - Hawever, his
being a Merchant does not. by any means. decract/| h
from 'his hbHoar ; for -who: knows not that; even our
Noblemen's ſons have been Merchants 2-Nor will-I
! the ſeventh xt fatisfy'd
eventh, ,who, better fatisly' |
yank ahh had pardon' kin, for ſome
deny that he: was defacnded, though a Mer- romisd him” his life, but
chant. *©Miched! his fon being reſtor'd/!had a fon- enry the eighth, not think-
Michael ſlain in-che-battel of : Agracawer, and-#illigm, | ing himſelf oblig'd to a-promiſe of his father's, wheri
whom Henry:the ſixth, ' from 'Earl of Suffblk. fink | he- had thoughts of going for France, cut him off,
created Matfquiſs of Suffolk "1; to bim and the'beirs miple
of bis boy 3 and that be and bis heirs male, on the Ca Ir, IV
ronation-day of t ' der Bon mere in France, made uſe of the title of
Verge with's Duke of Suffolk ; who was the laſt 'male'of the fa-
of Ivory at the Coronation of the Queens of mily that I know of, and dy'd bra ot 1h the thick
terwards he advanc'd the ſame
An. 1. "+ in the battel of Pa-
he ry in of FranCe,was ta-
in the ſervice of their Country, in the French: wars ;
he (as we read in the Parliament-Rolls of the 28th of
Henry 6.) ſpent thirty wholeiyears in the ſame war. | title of Duke of Suffolk upon '+ Charles Brandes , to
For ſeventeen years together he never carne home ; | whom he had: given Mary his ſiſter (widow of Lewis
once he was taken, while but a Knight , and paid | the r2th King of France ) in marriage "1. He was
twenty thouſand pound * ſterling for his ra ſucceeded by bis young ſon Henry, Henry by his
Fifteen years he was Privy-Councellor, and Knight | brother Charles ; but both dying of the | Sweating.
of the Garter, thirty. By this means, as he gain | ſicknels ?* in the year FFT. Edward the fixth digni-
the entire favour of his Prince, ſo did he- raiſe the | fy d Henry Grey Marquiſs of Dorcheſter ( who had
envy of the people ** ; and fo for ſome ſlighe miſde- | marry'd Frances their ſiſter) with that title. But he
meanours, and thole too not plainly prov'd upon | did not enjoy it long, till he was beheaded by Queen
him, he was baniſh'd, and in his paſſage over into | Mary for endeavouring to advance his daughter to
France, was int by the enemy, and behead- | the Throne; and was che laſt Duke of Suffolk. From
ed. Helefr a fon, Fob», who marry'd Edward the | that time the citle of Suffolk lay dead, till of late
fourth's ſiſter, and had by her Fob» Earl of Lincoln. , King James in the firlt year of his reign , created
This Earl Fohn being declar'd heir apparent to the | Thomas Lord Howard of Walden, ( ſecond fon of
Crown by Richard the third, could not ſuppreſs his Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk ) Earl of Suffolk ;
ambition, but preſently broke out againſt King Hen- | whom, for his approv*d fidelity and valour, he had
ry the ſeventh to his own deſtruction ( for he was | before made Lord Chamberlain,
quickly eut off *? in the Civil war; ) to his father's |
There are in thu Capt) 575 Pariſhes.
; Fee Brook's Catalogue, p. 305. and Diſcovery of Errours, p.46. & 57,58,59-
0 Michael bis ſow being reſtor'd, dy'd at the ſiege of Harflew ; and within th: ſpace of one month , hu ſom Michael was in like manner [lain m the
battel of Agincourt, leaving daughters only. ** As alſe Earl of Pembroke. ** Inſomuch that being vehonently accns'd of treaſon, and mupri-
ſion, and on that account fEnmer'd to appear before the Ki embled ; after having anſwer'd the Articles objctted, he re-
ſelf to th her rodeer Sf apagrots dog rey ps renee d, That whereas the Duke did mat put bimſelf
err'd himſelf to the King's Order. Where the Chancellor w Majeſty's ſpecial command, pronounc a, That whereas the Duke did net put himſe
/ his rage K; (as for what related ro che Articles of aſe mr remain doubrful ; and with reſpect to op. 4 Miſpriſion, not as a Judge by
advice of the Lek, bas as # perſon to whoſe order the Duke bad welt arily ſubmitied himſelf, did baniſh him fFom the Realms, and all other hus Do-
minions, for five years. But bt W ls [/y9%7; &c. 23 In the battel ar Stoke. + Sir Charles, *s And granted ts him all the Hmours and
7
Manaurs which Edmund Earl of $ ad forfeited. 5 On one day.
ADDITIONS to SUZFOULK.
(a] HE County of Suffolk is the firſt of | all our ancient Authors, only deliver at large where-
thoſe , poſſeſsd formerly by the Iceni. | abouts fuch and ſuch were ſeated, without ever de-
Whether this people had another of | ſcending to their particular limits ? Beſides, moſt of
their own name about Worceſterſhire and | the barbarous nations ſeem ( according to their
Staffordſhire (as * Dr. Plot has endeavour'd to prove) | ſtrength ac different times) to have had dominions
isnot my buſineſs to enquire in this place. I mult | larger or narrower ; eſpecially in Britain,where there
confeſs, that ation of the Proprztor Oforiws ( which | were ſo many Kings, we cannot imagine but they
Mr. Camden mentions, as undertaken againſt thoſe | were now and then making encroachments upon one
keni) ſeems to have been farther weſtward, than rheir | another. All (I think) we can fafely conclude up-
bounds reach'd. For the next news we hear of their
army, after they had ſertl'd things here , ts among
the Cangi (i.e. about Cheſhire and Denbyſhire.) Duttus
in Cangos exercitms, ſays | Tacitus : and —— Jimque
on, is, that there is ſcarce a poſlibility of the Bricith
diviſions including exatly fo many Counties, ſince
ventum haud procul mari, quod Hiberniam Inſulam fpe-
Gat.
the bounds of the thires were fer long afrercheir time
by King Alfred, who no doubt had rather an eyeto
But however that matter be,'tis agreed on all hands,
that this trat was inhabited by the Tceni ; whoſe
the convenience of the Kingdom, than che exact li-
bounds are yer as uncertain, as is the etymology of
mits of the Britams.
their name. For the firſt, Camden includes under
that denomination the Counties of Suffolk, Norfolk ,
Cambridgeſhire, and Huntingdonſhire ; upon what
grounds. he does not ſay. Nor indeed can it be
nicely derermin'd : for how can we hope exactly to
might be plauſible enough , if chat cract ot ground
juſtify'd the conjeRture. But Ptolemy's Tables, and
modern obſervations have reprefented it rather under
a quadrangular form. Sir Henry Spelmax's opinion 1s
much more probable, that it comes from the famous
river IJ ; eſpecially if the Britains call that Ichen. For
chmes (lays he) in Afia, the Indians come from the river
Indus ;
repen-
Mourners. . Afterwards King Henry 8, conferr'd the nn |
Sudore
irannico,
For the original of its name ; Mr. Camden draws Derivatioz
it from the figure of the place (Iken,cuxews ;) Which®
Icens.
pogrnes, ily ore bw HE amet Ree - WEL
x >. n c
| ſhire, 'as*Mr.'Ca
Y'! of-Biwtrs as Matthew Weſtminſter calls &;:;+Fhis Get: -
; |
the,N
fie
into ( e ), tha
tar the, Bn
Tchen is pronounc
241 . Die i4 4
, are" as
thens canſecrated rivers;! as Well as woods atfd mines
rains, $0 the, |
names ? Agd that Ceres ati! Proferpine, ( otherwiſe
call'd'Js,) two-infErnal'Goddefles, were worfh 27"
"y
we had not, the accounts we: have left us of their *
by .the Britaitis, we have Strabo's Authority. --
cpſtonks, would: be fufficient to inform, us of their
, worſhip. Upap "this" is Fokinlled cheir preferring
- nights to days, 45alfd. their computations of days by
might: ; of months, by moons; and of years, by avin-
ters, The remains of. it. we kegp to this day-in our
ſeven-night, ie. ſeven days ;' and fortnight, comracted
from fourteen-nipht, i. e. fourteen days. |
Affer Britain came to be a branch of the Roman
Empire, and was divided into five parts, 'tis not cer-
tain under which branch thefe Ten; were compre-
hended. Mr. Camden places them under the Flavia
Ceſarienſis, Which ſeems agreeable enough to that di-
viſion ; but, the Notices f tbe Weſtern Empire places
the Britannia ſecunda where Ptolemy reckons up the
Tribantes and Simeni ; which laſt are, no doubt, the
ſame with the [cen:. |
"bT] The preſent general diviſion of Saffo/k is The
Franchiſe or Liberty of St. Edmund, and The Geldable ;
the firſt containing the Weſtern part of the County,
and the ſecond the Eaſtern. And they are the more
remarkable, becauſe at the Afizes each of them tur-
niſhes out a diſtin Grand-Jury.
| c] The firlt place we meet with is New-market,
which has not grown up by
particular commodity ; but by the convenience for
Paſſengers, and the advantage of the Court. For the
town ſtands in a plain very commodious for hunting
and horſe-races; which diverſions very often draw
the Court thither : and on Cambridge-ſide there is a
houſe buile on purpoſe for the reception of his Ma- |
jelly.
Ca) Next is Ikeſworth, reckon'd by onr Author
among thoſe places which retain the name of the
Iceni. And what the preſent learned Archdeacon of
Canterbury has obſerv'd, confirms the Antiquity of
the place, namely, that in his memory a large pot
of Roman money has been found there. About
Icklmgham alſo much of the ſame is diſcover'd ; and
'tis ſaid, that in digging through the Dewi/'s-ditch.on
New-market heath, near having, they met with ſome
ancient pieces. If they are ſtill preſerv'd, it is pro-
bable they would afford us ſome light who were the
Authors of. that vaſt work, Þ A late Author has at-
firm'd, that ghey bore the Inſcriptions of divers Ro-
man Emperoyrs, but upon what authority I know
not.
[ſe] Upon the edge of Eſſex is Clare, which ſince
our Author's time hath given the title of Earl to
Sir John Holles Lord Howghton of Houghton, advanc'd
to this dignity Nov. 2. 22 Jac. x. He was ſucceeded
by gw his fon, and Gilber: his grandſon, whoſe
elde ſon Fobn, by the favour of his prelent Majeſty,
enjoys this dignity under the ticle of Marqueſs of
Clare, with the additional one of Dake of Newcaſtle.
[ f ] From hence we go to Buers, the place where
'K. Edmund was crown'd, as Galfridus de Fomtibus, a MS.
in the Univerſity-Library of Cambridge, tells us. His
words are theſe: Fafa eutem in illum acclamatione at-
tollentes Irti Suffolchiam deduxerunt, & in wills Burum
ad regni faſtigium promoverunt, aſſiſtente Huniberto vene-
rabils Antiſtite ; Eadmundum in Regem unguente & con-
ſecranvte. E#t autem Burum, villa corone antiquitus Re-
gie, certus limes Eft-Saxie & Suffolcie, ſita ſuper Stu-
|
any manufacture, or |
nx What we
are” 10'underftand by Burve in; Aſſerivzhlifh of Al-
| fred3-that it is' not
the Chrengle under
ner. Yet! Burm in Lincoln-
| rts ; but this, Beyer,
is the-more obſervable,
by -Bu
ron's haine. ſuppo ;
there
y, wrote before :
4 Fn angry ne: '?
Gy peypee, is-laid .by our
Churches: * The PariftxChurches * Bin;
Deities, nd call'd thertt after-their') manfion-houſe; another. is. employ'd for. a, place of
| Jodicarure, with. a Gaol, Where
fon hte, en RW and another is made a
corveniency Bf a very good Library
Quarter-Seſhons are
ot-'( with-an ' Hoſpital, ) having: alſo che
-upon'-the fea, has receiv'd ( ſince our
| Authors cime) fo much damage, that the number of
their ſhips-is very
{ h | In: the times of the Saxons, Nwwwich fees to mus,
| have” been of moſt carly'\-noce. For tho" Bury ( or
conſiderably diminiſh.
S. Edimundsbury ) has been for many hundreds of years
much tnore conſiderable ( the other falling to * <a
upon removal of the Biſhop's See, ) yet that had not .
it's ation till long -after. '-This-I am facisfy'd is
the: fame that the Saxon Annals «call Downuc, and
Bede Dommoc, anfwerable to which, in. K. Alfred's
tranſlation:it 1s Dommoc-ceaxcep. The circumſtan-
ces make the conjeure yery probable; for Alfhun
who is faid to have been bury'd there An. 799. is
likewife {aid to have dy'd at SuSbepu, that is Sudbury
in this County. And where can we imagine the
Biſhop ſhould be bury'd, but at his own See, and in
his own Church ? In another place of Bede we meet
with Dunmoc, which as it 'is undoubtedly Dunwich,
fo it differs not much from Domuc or Dowmoec.
Upon an enquiry after the ſtate of this place, Sir
Henry Spelman ( as I find by a poſthumous paper of
his ) was inform'd by one of the inhabitants, that
by report there had been 5o Churches in Dunwich,
[that the foundations and Church-yards of S. Michac!,
S. Mary, S. Martin, and >, Jobn's were then to be
ſeen, over and beſides S. Peter and S. Nicholas, with
a Chapel yer ſtanding. The ditch-bank or town-
wall of it 1s four-ſquare.
{1] Blitbburrow, how mean ſoever at preſent, g/+i.::
ſeems yet to have been very ancient. For about 16 '*
or 18 years ago there were ſeveral Roman Urns
digg'd up from among ſome old buildings ; and ( to
ſet aſide the termination burh, which is one mark of
antiquity ) in the Saxon and following ages it was of
| good note, as were moſt other places that the Ro-
mans had left. Which appears as well from what
our Author has obſerv'd of it, as it's having the Gaol
tor the diviſion of Bertles, an evidence of the Seffions
that have been formerly kept here. |
[ k | By the river Ouſe is Euſton, —_—
ing to a family of that name. || It is feate
and in a fair pkaſant Champian Country ; which
induc'd the Earl of Arlmgton to raiſe a noble Structure
there call'd by the name of Euſton-ball ; adorn'd with
a large Nwr/ery containing great quantities of Fruit-
trees of fvoral {orts, with artificial fountains, a Canal,
a pleaſant Grove, a large Warren, &'c. It hath gi-
ven the title of Earl to Henry Fitz-Roy, created Au-
guſt 16. 1672. Baron of Sudbury, Viſcount Ipſwich,
and Earl of Eu/ton, upon his marriage with the only
daughter of the Earl of Arlmgrton. He was afterwards,
SEPt. I1. 1675. created Duke of Grafton.
{1 | The remains of Roman Antiquity
County are but ſmall. Burgh-Caſtle
much the moſt conſiderable. Mr. Camden tells us, ©
that *tis built of flint and bricks : the bricks are nigh
a foot and a half in length, and almoſt a foot in
breadth, and ſo agree pretty exactly with the account
of Roman bricks, given by Yitrwvias, and (after him)
by Pliny. The wall of the caſtle looking towards the
eaſt remains ſtill in it's full length, being about 220
in this
[Yares 3 the height about 17 or 18 foot, with 4 round
fOWecrs
—
in | rid fluvinm eſtate & byeme rhpilliflunam,, | Which pal- a
vale
+.Its trade + 1d,
belong- Exftr,
on aA flat, | Hy
is (I chink ) by Be
F USO IE.
- — —_— — « — —_— — - - _—m—_—— —_—
rowers, each of them about 14 foot diameter, and of
equal height with the wail.
Theſe towers are joynd with the wall; but yet
zutt out fo far beyond it, that only a ſmall part ot the
periphery is within: they are not hollow within,
but folid. At north and fouuth are zwo other walls,
now not above 120 yaids in length, the reſt being
laid in rubbiſh ; as alſo the welt-wall towards the ri-
ver, if there ever was any ſuch. For 'tis pollibie the
ſtcepneſs of the hill, and a morals below, next the
river, might be thought a ſufficient ſecurity on that
ſide. Ot what uſe the Caſtle was, is not certain.
the Stableſian-borſe might very well be plac'd here, but
that the rivers and marity grounds round it are not |
ſ;> tit to fix a Station in. Ralph, the fon of Roger d
Rurgh held this caitle by Sergeanty, and after him
Gilbert de Ieſeham ; bat at Jait when ic was fſurren-
derd into the hands of Hen. 3. he ( Apr. 20. and
2th year of his reign ) gave it, with all the appur-
tenances, to the Monaſtery of Bromholmes. What
our Author obſerves of Sigebert's coming our of this
Monaſtery, mult be a miſtake. For Thomas Elienſi,
printed 1n the Ala Benedid morum, vol. 2. pag. 239.
names Bury or Betricheſworde, as the place in which
Sizzhert berook himfelt to a Monaſtick life. And
the ſame appears not only by the * Monaſticon, and
Caius's } Antiquities of Cambridge, bur alſo by ſeveral
Manuſcript teltimonies collected by the learned
Ir. Batteley. They havea tradition, that the Mona-
ſtery there was atterwaids inhabited by Jews; and an
old way leading to the entrance, call'd the Few:-way,
may ſeem to give it ſome colour of probability.
Continuation of tbe EARLS.
Thomas, the laſt Earl mention'd by our Author,
was ſi1:ceeded by his fon and heir Theophilas, who in
his father's life-time bore the title of Lord Howard
of 1/alden ; and dying June 3. 1640. left this honour
to 7ames his {on and tizir; to whom ſucceeded Henry
the prelent Earl.
More rare Plants growing wild in Suffolk.
Abrotanum campeſtre C. B. Park. Ger. Artemiſia
tenuifolia S. leprophyllos, aliis Abrotanum ſylveſtre.
J. B. Wild Sothernwood or fine-leaud Mugwort. At a
place call'd Elden in Suffolk, twelve miles beyond New-
market in the way towards Lynne , on the balks of the
Corn-frelds , and by the way ſides abundantly for a mile
mm length and breadth. Alſo a mile from Barton-mills,
where a mark ſt andeth in the way to Lynne to direct paſ-
lengers, and among the Furz,c-buſhes under the hill plenti-
fully. Though this plant be very common beyond Seas ,
jet hitherto I bawve not beard of any other place in England
where it grows ſpontaneouſly.
Agiitolium baccis luteis nondum deſcriptum P. B.
YTeow berried Holly. £t IWijton in this County not far
from Buers.
Carduus tomentoſus Corona fratrum Park. erioce-
phalus Ger. Ioolly headed Thiſtle. Near Clare im Suf-
folk plentifully. See the Syronimes in Cambridge-Catalogue.
Caucalis tenuitolia floiculis fubrubentibus Hi#F. noſe.
arveniis echipata parvo flore C. B. Fine-leav'd baftard
Par/ley with a ſmall purpliſh flower. Amongit the Corn
bere at Notley, and im many other places,
Crithmum chryſaacthemum Park. Ger. maritimum
fore Afiteris Attici C. 8. marinum tertium Matthio-
ii, flore luteo Buphchalmi F. B. Golden-flower d Sam-
pre. On the bank of the river juſt above Fulbridge at
Maidon n Eſſex.
Gramen daQylon latiore folio C. B. Iſchzxmon
l\lveſtre latiore folio Park. Plentifully in the plowed-
fields about Elden aforeſaid.
I.ychniz viſcoſa flore muſcoſo C. B. Selamoides Sa-
OW —m——— — ——— > OD —<————o—_ m_ - _— —I—— > ———Au—O — - _—_— =
lamanticum magnum Ger. Muſcipula Salmantica ma-
jor Park. Muticipula milcoſo tiore feu Ocymoides
Be!liforme Fo B. S panji Catchiiy, In and about the
grave! P:ts on the north [:4: of New-market town : allo
by the way ſiles ail along fi: Barion-mills to 7 berford
in Norfolk.
Lychnis no&iflora C. B. Park. Ocymoides non
ſ[peciolum F. B. Nig bt-flowering Campicn. Among corn
about Saxmundbam, and between the two Windmills and
Warren-lodge at Mewell.
Militaris Aizoides Gey. Stratiotes f. Militaris Aizoi-
des Park. Aloe paluſtris C. B. Aizoon paluſtre five
Aloe paluſt. F.B. The Freſhwater-Soldier or Water- Aloe.
In the lake in Loving land.
Piſum marinum Ger.aliud maritimum Bricannicum
Park. Our Engliſh Sea-peaſe. On the ſtone-baich between
Orford end Alburgh call d the Shingle, eſpecially on the fur-
ther end toward Orford abundantly. Gcelner.lib. de Aqua-
nil. 4. p.256. from the Letters of Dr Key ; and from him
Jo. Stow in bs Chronicle te!ls us, That im a great dearth
which bappencd in the year 1s 5. the poor people in thu part
of the Country ,maintam'd themſelves and their children with
theſe Peaſe, which, laith he, ro a miracle, ſprung up in the
Autumn, among the bare ſtones, no earth being intermixt,
of their own accord, and bare fruit [uſficient for thouſands of
people. That theſe Peaſe did then ſfring up miraculouſly
for the relief of the poor , I believe not : that there
might be then , Providence ſo ordermg it , an extraor-
dinary crop of them , I readily grant. Yet do they not
grow among the bare ſtones : but ſpread their roots m the
ſand below the ſtones, wherewith there may alſo perbaps be
ſome ouze mixt, and are nouriſh'd by the Sea-weter pene-
trating the ſands, as are many «ther maritime plants. Net-
ther aid they owe their original to Shipwracks or Peaſe caſt
out of Ships, as Camden himts to be the opinion of the wi-
ſer ; but witbout doubt ſprung up at firſt ſpontaneouſly , they
being to be found in ſeveral the like places about England.
See Kent and Suſlex.
Sium alterum Olufatri facie Ad.Lob Ger. Emac.majus
alterum anguſtifolium Park. Erucz- tolio. C. B.q. Ci-
cuta aquatica Gelneri F.B. Long-leav'd Water- Hemlock
or Parſnep. In the lake of Lowingland.
Tritolium cum glomerulis ad caulium nodos rotun-
dis. Knotted Trefoil with round heads. I found thus m
gravelly places about Saxmundham in this County.
Trifolium floſculis albis,in glomerulis oblongis aſpe-
ris,cauliculis proxime adnatis. An Trifolium re&tum
flore glomerato cum unguiculis F. B? White-flower'd
knotted Trefoil with oblong rough heads. At Newmarket,
where the Seſamoides Salamanticum grows , and m other
laces.
Trifolium cochleatum modiolis ſpinofis. Hedge-
bog Trefoil with rundles reſembling a thin ſegment of a cone.
At Orford in Suffolk on the Sea-bank cloſe by the Key
plentifully.
Veronica erecta, foliis laciniatis. Aline foliis he-
deraceis Rutz modo diviſis Lob. rea triphyllos five
laciniata Park.triphyllos czrulea C. B. recta Ger. folio
profunde ſeto, flore purpureo ſeu violaceo F. B. Up-
right Speedwell with divided leaves. At Mewell between
the two Windmils and the Warren-lodge : And m the gra-
wvel-pits two miles beyond Barton-mills on the ridge of a bill
where a ſmall cart-way croſſeth the rode to Lynne, and im
the graſs thereabout plentifully.
Urtica Romana Ger. Park. Romana feu mas cum
globulis F. B. urens, pilulas ferens, prima Dioſcori-
dis, ſemine lini C. B. Common Romane Nettle. A-
bout Alburgh, and elſewhere on the Sea-coa#t plenti-
ully.
4 Loom minimum non acre flore albo. Small mild
white flower'd Stone-crop. In the more barren ground all
along between Yarmouth and Donewich. This differs
ſpecifically from the common Pepper-wort , and not in the
colour f the flower only.
ASCO WOO I $9 OBOE no WY EO. IIs his 3 om +” > WA-4,
CT RR IEC OS
"IJTENI
NORFOL K.
ORFOLK, commonly Noerth-folk, ry of Cluniacks, buile there by his means, make
that is, if you exprels it in Latin, Bo- | amends for the removal of the iſhop. The houſe
reals p'pulus or the Northern People ;
is all along,the North-bound of Sutfolk,
from which it is divided by the two
little rivers I mention'd, Ouſe the Leþ
and Waveney, running contrary ways. On the eaſt
and north ſides, the German Ocean, which is full
of fiſh, beats upon the ſhore with a great roaring ; on
the weſt, Ouſe rhe Greater ſporting it felt by the many
branches, parts it from Cambridgeſhire. The County
is large, and almoſt all Champion, except in ſome
places where there ariſe gentle hills. ”Tis very rich,
well ſftord with flocks ot ſheep, and abounds with
Conies, It is ſet with great numbers of populous
villages, (for beſide 27 Market-towns, it has 62g
Country-towns and villages, ) is well waterd, and
does not want wood. The oil is different according
to the ſeveral quarters ; in ſome places, fat, luſcious,
and full of moiſture, as in Merjh/and and Flegg ; in
others, elpecially to the welt, it is poor, lean, and
ſandy ; and in others, clayey and chaikey. Bur (to
follow the dire&tions of Varro) the goodneſs of the
foil may be gather'd from hence, that che inhabitants
ſery of Lawyers; and even among the common peo-
ple you ſhall meet with a great many, who ( as one
|
was built by Hugh Bigod, as appears from what he
lays in his original Foundation-Charter. 1 Hugh Bz-
god, Steward to King Henry, by bu conſent, and the ad.
vice of Herbert Biſhop of Norwich, plac d Cluniac- Monks
in the Church of St. Mary, lately the Epiſcopal See of Thet-
ford ; which I gave them, and afterward; founded them
another more convenient without the villege. Then
the greateſt part of the City, which had ſtood in the
hither bank, fell to decay by little and lirtle ; but in
the other part (tho' that too faild very much,) about
ewo ages fince there were ſeven Churches; beſides
three ſmall Monaſteries, one whe:eof, they lay, was
buile in memory of the Engliſh and Danes ſlain here.
For our Hiſtorians tell us, that the moſt holy King
Edmund, a little before his death, engag'd the Danes
hard by for ſeven hours together, not without vaſt
loſs on both fides ; and that at laſt they parted with
equal ſucceſs : ſuch effe& had thoſe frequent turns of
fortune on both ſides, that ic had made them altoge-
ther ſenſeleſs.
Upon Waveney, ( which is the other boundary ri.
ver, running eaſtward ) not far from it's head, are
are of a bright clear complexion ; not to mention | Buckenham and Kenninghall. This latter ( which K-14
their ſharpneſs of wit, and admirable quickneſs in the | ſeems ro have had the name letr it by the Teens, ) is
ſtudy of our Common-Law. $0 that it is at preſen, | the ſeat of the honourable family of the Howard;
and always has been reputed, the moſt fruirtul Nur- | whoſe glory is greater than to be obſcur'd by the en-
'vy of Buchanan.
| The former, which I ſhould think
cook it's nime from beech-rrees, call'd by the Saxons
expreſſes it ) it they have no juſt quarrel, are able to | Bucken , C |, 15 a very beautiful and very ſtrong Ca- Bud
raiſe it out of the very quirks and niceties of che
T.aw. But leſt, while I conſult brevity, 1 futter my
ſelf ro be drawn aſide by digrettions ; I will paſs from
theſe to the places themſelves : and beginning at the
(tle, b.ult by William d' Aubigny or de Albeneio the
; Norman, to whom the Conque:our had granted the
|
|
|}
ſouth ſide, will take a ſhort view of 1uch as are of
greateſt note and Antiquity.
Upon Ouſe the Lef,, where the little river Ther joyns
it out of Suffolk, 1s ſeated in a low ground, that an-
—cw aug cient City Siuomagus mentiond by Antoninus, and
corruptly nam'd in the fragments of an old Table,
Simomagus | a |, and Sinomagws. *Tis now call'd
Thetford, and in Saxon © Deorpons, by keeping the
firſt ſyllable of the old name, and adding the Ger-
man ford. For as Sitomagns ſignifies in Britiſh @ city
wpon the river Sit, now Thet, (as to Maga ſignifying
formerly a City, we have the authority of Pliny ; ) to
does Thetford ſignihie in Engliſh @ ford of the Ther [b} :
and theſe two names Sir and Ther are not very unlike.
'Tis now but thin peopled, tho* pretty large, and
formerly a populous and famous place. Beſides other
marks of it's Antiquity, it ſhews a huge mote thrown
up to a great height, jortify'd with a double rampire,
and formerly too ( as they ſay ) with walls. Some
will have it to have been a work of the Romans ; but
others are rather inclin'd to think it done by the Sa-
xon Kings, under whom it was in a flouriſhing condi-
tion for a long while. But by the crue!ty of Sueno the
Dane, who ſet it on fire in the year 1003. and that
of the Danes who ſpoil'd it 6 years after, it lo(t all
it's dignity and grandeur. To reſtore which, Ar-
faſtus the Biſhop remov'd his Epiſcopal See from Elm-
bam to this place ; and his ſucceſſor William ſpar'd
neither coſt nor pains for it's ornament : ſo that un-
der Edward the Confe/ſor there were reckon'd in it
947 Burgeſſes. And in the time of William the
Conquerour it had 720 manſions, whereof 224 ſtood
empty ; and their chief-Magiſtrate was ſtild Conſul *.
But when Herbert, firnam'd * Loſenga ( as being al.
moſt made up of ling and flattery) the third Biſhop
that raisd himſelf to this honour by ill arts and bri-
bery, had tranſlated this See to Norwich ; it relaps'd,
as if come to it's laſt period. Nor did the Monaſlte-
place. By his poſterity ( who were Earls of Arun-
del) it deſcended to the Torſalls, and from them by
Caly and the Cliftens to the family of © Knevert, [47
This laſt is a very ancient family, having been fa- *
mous ever ſince the time of * Fobn Knewer, Lord Chan. ©
cellour of England under Edw. 3.; 2nd hasvery much
branch'd it felt out by honourable marriages. For
beſides them of Buckenham ; thoſe famous Knights
Sir Henry Knevet of Wiltſhire, and 3 Sir Thomas Knevwe!
of Aſhellwell-chorp are deſcended thence [e]. This
Aſbellwell-thorp is a neighbouring little rown, which
itrom the Thorps ancient Knights, by the 7:hneys and
Lords Bourchiers of Bernes, at laſt heredicarily deſcend. L»!!
ed to the abovemention'd Thomas Knevet : the fore- ©**
ſaid Buckenham is held upon this condition, that the © ©
Lords of it be Butlers at the Coronation of the Kings
of England [ f |]. So in Carleton a neighbouring vil-
lage (a thing perhaps worth our notice ) Ralph 4:
Carleton and another perſon, he!d Lands by the Service
of carrying our Lord the King an bundred || kerring-pies, | *-*4
when they fir tt came into ſeaſon, to what part of England "—_
ſoewer he ſhould then be im [g]. But preſently, this ri-
ver watets Diſce, now Dx, a little town of pretty rs.
good note, which King -Henry 1. beſtow'd upon
+ Richard de Lucy, and he ſhortly after made over to
Walter Fitz Robert along with his daughter. Robert
Fitz-Walter, one of his poſterity, procurd the privi-
lege of a Market for this place, of Edw. 1. From
hence, tho' Waveney be + thick ſet with towns, yet ***
has it not one that can boaſt of any Antiquity ; ex- ©
cept it be 5 Shelton, which is at ſome diſtance from it, 3
and gave name to the very ancient family of the
Shelrons. Bur belore it gets to the (ca, it joyns the ri-
ver Gariens, Call'd by the Britains Guerne, by the 6"®
Engliſh Gerne and Yere ; wichout all doubt from the
Alder-trees (lo nam'd in Britiſh ) with which it is
over-ſhadow'd. It riles in the mi'dle of this County,
not far from a ſmall village call'd Gerzfon, to which |
it gave the name and has near ic Hengham, which B=?
had it's Barons calld alſo de Rhia, deſcended from Br
I
—_ CS
« The right name is Theodfor 4.
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NORFO L K.
S__T -=
John Mareſchal (brother's ſon to William Mareſchal
Larl of Pembroke ) to whom King John gave the
linds of Hugh de Gornay, a Traitor, with the daugh-
ter and coheir of Hubert Lord of Rhia. But in pro-
ceſs of time it has paſs'd from the Mare/chals © ro the
Merlies, and from them by Lovel to the Parkers now
Lords of Morley *. At a little diſtance is Skulton,
otherwiſe call'd Burdes 7, which was held upon this
condition, that the Lords of it, at the Coronation of
che Kings of England, ſhould be chief Lardiner, as
they term him 5, More to the eaſt, we fee Wimund-
».nm ham, now contracted into Windbam, famous tor be-
ing the burying-place of the Alvinies, Earls of Arun-
del, whoſe Anceſtor William de Albiney, Butler to
King Henry 1. buile a Church here ?, and made it a
(ell ro the Monaſtery of St. Albans : upon the Stee-
ple, which is very high, liam Kett one of the two
Norfolk incendiaries in the year 1549. was hangd.
Nor muſt we pals by Arri/borough at 5 miles diſtance,
” . the ſeat of the ancient family of Aqortimers, whoſe
bearing is different from thole of Wigmore, (namely,
a Shield Or, Seme de floures de Lyz ſables,) and who
founded here a Collegiate Church, which has no re-
ro return to the river.
The Yare has not run much towards the eaſt, till a/
lictle river Wentſum (by others call'd Wentfar) empries
ic (elf into it from the ſouch. Upon this, near it's
riſe, is a ſquare entrenchment at Taiesborrough, con-
taining 24 Acres. It ſeems to be an Encampment of
the Romans ; poſſibly that which by the Chorogra-
phical Table publiſh'd by Mark Vellſer is call'd Ad
Taum. Higher up, upon the fame river, formerly
- ſtood Venta Icenorum, the molt flouriſhing City of this
* People; but now it has loſt the ancient name, and is
call'd Caſter. Nor need we wonder that of the three
Vente in Britain this alone ſhould have loſt it's name,
when it has loſt it's very being. For now, ſetting
aſide the broken walls ( which in a ſquare contain
about 3o acres) the marks where the buildings have
flood, and fome Roman Coins which they now and
then dig up, there is nothing left | h }. But in after-
azes, Norwich, at three miles diltance, had it's riſc
out of this; ſtanding near the confluence of Yare,
and another anonymous river call'd by ſome Bari-
dn, which in a long courſe ** with it's dinted and
winding banks comes this way by Artrilbridge : lea-
%. ving Horsford to the north, where the Caltle of
William de Caſimet or Cheney ( who in the reign of
Hen. 2. was a chief man among the Nobility ) lies
oveigrown with buſhes and brambles.
The Nerwich above-mentiond is a famous City,
call'd in Saxon Nopdpic, 1. e. the northern bay or boſom,
ws: (if pic in Saxon fignities a bay or winding, as Rhena-
«Mus has told us, ) for heie the river runs along with
= Cooked windings : or the northern Station (if pic, as
Hadrianus Junius will bave it, ſignihe a ſecure Sration,
where the houſes are built cloſe one to another :) or
elle the northern caſtle, if pic ( as * Altrick the Saxon
has affirm'd ) denote a Caſtle [ i ]. But if I ſhould
imagine with ſome, that Norwich were the ſame with
Venta, what were it but a downright renouncing
Truth? For it has no better title to the name of
®. Venta, than either Baſil has to that of Auguſta, or
Baldach to Babilonia, Namely, as this latter roſe
upon the fall of Babilonia, and the former upon that
of Auguſta ; juſt fo our Norwich grew up long after
the decay of the ancient Venta. Which appears from
it's Britiſh name in Authors, Caer Guntum ; wherein
{as in the river Wentſum or Wentfar) we find the plain
remains of the name Vents. For the name of Nor-
wich does not appear in any Writer betore the time
of the Daniſh wars. So far is it from having been
—
buile eicher by Czſar or Gaireline the Britain, as ſome
fabulous Authors tell you, who ſwallow every thing
chat comes, without either conſideration or judg-
ment. However at preſent, upon account of it's
| wealth, populouſnefs, neatneſs of buildings, beauti-
| ful Churches, with the number of them ( for it has a
| matter of 3o Pariſhes; as alſo the induſtry of it's
' Citizens, Loyalty to their Prince, and Civility to
| Foreigners ; it is to be reckon'd among the moſt con-
| derable Cities in Britain. It's Latitude is 5 2 degrees,
| 40 minutes: the Longitude 24 degrees, 55 minutes.
*Tis pleaſantly feated long-ways on the fide of an hill,
reaching from ſouth to north a mile and a half: the
breadth of it is hardly half fo much, and towards the
ſouth ic draws it ſelf in ( as it were ) by little and
| lirtle, like a Cone. Ir is fortify'd with walls ( that
have a great many turrets, and eleven gates, ) on all
ſides except the eaſt, which the river defends with a
' deep chanel and ſteep banks; after it has wich it's
winding reach waſh'd the northern part, where *is
made paſſable by four bridges. In the irfincy ( as
it were) of this City, and the reign of King Ethel-
' dred ( a Prince of no manner of policy or conduet )
mains at preſent. Their eſtate went formerly by
marriage to the Ratcliffs now Earls of Suffex, to the
family of Fitz: Ranulpb, and to '* Ralph Bigod. But
Sweno the Dane, who invaded England with a great
army, firſt ſpoil'd and then burnt it. Notwithſtand-
ing which, it recover'd it felf, and (as appears hy the
Conquerour's Survey-book ) in the reign of Edward
the Confeſſor reckon'd 1320 Burgeſſes. At which time
(to uſe the expreſſion of that Book) it paid 20 ponnd
to the King and 10 to the Earl; and beſide that. 20
ſhillings, 4 Prebendaries, 6 Sextaries of honey, and || a
bear with 6 dogs to bait him.
weight to the King, a hundred
Queen, with an ambling Palfrey : 20 pound | blank alſs to
the Earl, and 20 ſhillings fine by tale. In the reign
of William x. this was the feat of a Civil war, which
Ralph Earl of the Eaſt-Angles rais'd againſt that King.
For after he had eſcap'd by flight, his wife, along
with the Armorican Britains, endur'd 2 cloſe ſiege,
till for want of proviſions, ſhe was forc'd to get off
and quit her Couritry. And at that time the City
was ſo impair'd, that (as appears by the ſame Domel-
day ) there were ſcarce F60 Burgeſſes left in it. Lan-
frank Archbiſhop of Canterbury mentions this ſur-
render in a Letter to King William, in theſe words.
Your kingdom « purg'd from the infettion of the Britams
( or Armoricans.) the Caſtle of Norwich &« ſurrender'd ;
and the Britains, that were in it and had lands here in
England, upon granting them life and limb, have to.k an
oath to depart your Dominion: within forty days, and ne-
wver to return more without your ſpecial licence. From
that time forward, it began by little and little to re-
cover it ſelf out of this deluge of miſeries ; and Biſhop
Herbert, whoſe reputation had ſuffer'd much by St-
moniacal practices, tranſlated the Epiſcopal See from
Thetford hacther. He built a very beautiful Cathedral
on the eaſt and lower part of che City, in a place
till then call'd Cow-bolme, near the Cattle ; the firſt
ſtone whereof, in the reign of William Rufus, and
year of our Lord 1096. he himſelf laid, with this
Inſcription.
DOMINUS HERBERTUS POSUIT PRIMUM
LAPIDEM IN NOMINE PATRIS, FILII, ET
SPIRITUS SANCTI AMEN.
That s,
Lord [Biſhop] Herbert laid the firft ſtone in the name of
the Father, the Son, and Holy GhojF. Amen.
Afterwards, he procur'd a Licence from Pope Paſ-
chal, to confirm and eſtabliſh it the mother-Church of Nor-
folk and Suffolk ; and endow'd it liberally with lands,
ſufficient for the maintenance of 60 Monks, who had
their neat and curfous Cloyſters. But theſe were re- ;_
4 It was afterwards purchas'd by Sir Philip #'coabouſe, and is now in the poſſeſſion of Thomas Lord Crew by marriage with the widow of vir -
Toms Wood bo #/e Knight.
© To the Lora Morleys, 7 Or Bnrdelos
Rowler, $5 Holiand.
rane, then to Robert Beale Elquire, who now enjoys it :
XK. "I! 9 Which afterwards was adyanc'd t9 at {\bbey.
Jo afterward to the Earl of Arundel. 12 Arci2b.jhop.
8* fornt-n-12 hbour to Skulton is Wood riſings the far ſeat
61V'd the greateſt reputation and incr-a'* ffom Sir Richard Southwell, Privy-Counſ Yor to King Eaw. 6.
Of the ſame tamily is rhe preſear Sw Robert Seurhwell,
t of the Royal Society ; who by King Charics 2 was employ'd in ſeveral negoriations abroa
of the family of Southwells, which re-
and his brother Sir Robert Maſter of the
of Stare for rhe Kingdom of Ireland, and Prefs
Principal Secretar 4 ,
pa 4 Br // codrijing has veen fold firit ry Sir Frances
ind the Sourhwels are feared at Kingſweſton in G:oceiterſhire, See the Addutiuns to that
12 Sir Ralph.
mov'd ;
By Fakcubam, which K. Hen. 1. gave ti
B b
| Urſum,
: ſex canes
Now it pays 7O ound by a1 ur (12,
ſhillings * as a fine to the * D: Ger-
luma
+ Blancas.
TCENT
mov'd ; and a Dean, ſix Prebendaries, with others, [ Omnia fic adeo ſola bac ſibi ſufficit, ut ſi
put in their places. After the Church thus built , Fors regno deſit, bac caput eſſe queat.
and an Epiſcopal See plac'd here, ir became a Town | A town, whole ſtately piles and happy ſeat
( as Malmsbury has it ) famonms for Merchandiſe and | Her Citizens and Strangers both delight.
number of Inhabitants. And in the 17th of King Stephen | Whole tedious ſiege and plunder made her bear
(as we read in ſome ancient Records ) Norwich was | In Norman troubles an unhappy ſhare,
built anew, was a populons rown , and made a Corpora- And feel the fad effects of dreadtul war.
tion. That King Stephen alſo granted it to his Son Theſe ſtorms o'reblown,now bleſt with conſtant peace,
William for an Appennage (as they call it) or inheri- | She ſaw her riches and her trade increaſe.
tance, is very evident from the publick Records. | State here by wealth, by beauty wealch's out-done ;
But Henry the ſecond took it from him, and held it | How bleſt, if vain exceſs be yer unknown!
himſeif; notwithſtanding, Henry his Son, the F«- | So fully is ſhe from her ſelf tupply'd,
mor-King, as they call'd him , when he endeavour'd | That England, while the ſtands, can never want an
after the Crown, had promis'd it in large terms to head.
Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk, whom he had drawn |
over to his party. Bigod however, adhering to the | From Norwich, the river Te, with the increaſe
young King ( who could not over-rule his eager of other waters that take the ſame name, rowls on
hopes of the Crown with Juſtice and Equity) mile- | in a winding chanel, and abounds with the fiſh call'd
rably harraſs'd this City ; and is thought to have re- | a Ruffe; and becauſe the Engliſh by that word ex- 4
built that Caſtle on the high hill near the Cathedral, | prels the Latin Aſperum, John Caius term'd it Aſfredo te 1,
wichin the City, encompaſt with a trench of ſuch | For the body of it is all over rough ; *is full of tharp 597%
yalt depth, thar in thoſe times it was lookt upon as | inns, Joves ſandy places, and in thape and bignets is #7.
1mpregnable. But Lews of France, under whom | much like a Perch. The colour of { the back is a *?-
the rebellious Barons had joyn'd againſt King Fohr, | dark brown ; the * belly,a paliſh yellow. Aloag the +.
ealily rook it by ſiege. The reaſon why I fancy B- | jaws, it is markt with a double ſemicircular line ; =
god repair'd the Caltle, is becauſe I obſerv'd Lions ſa- | the upper half of the eye is a dark brown, the under
[ant Cut in a (tone, in the ſame manner, asthe Bigods | is yellowiſh like gold, and the ball,black. *'Tis parti
formerly us'd them in their ſeals; of whom tho' | cularly remarkable for a line drawn along the back,
there was one that made uſe of a Croſs. And this | like a crols thread ty'd to the body. The tail and
was the condition of Norwich in its infancy. | finns are all over ſpotted with black. When 'tis pro-
But in the next age it increasd mightily, and a- | vok'd, the finns briſtle up ; when quieted, they lay
bounded with wealthy Citizens ; who by a humble | flat and cloſe. Ir eats like a Perch, and is particular-
petition in Parliament deſir'd liberty of Edward the | ly valu'd tor its || tender ſhortneſs and wholefom-, ,...
tirſt co wall their City round : and afterwards accord- | nels. wth.
ingly did it, to the great ſtrength and ornament of | So loon as the Yare hs paſs'd Claxton ( where is a
it f. In the year 1403, they obtain'd leave of Hen- | round Caſtle, lately buile by Sir Thomas Gawd) Kr.
ry the fourth , inſtead of Bailiffs ( which they had | Lord Chiet Juſtice of the Common Pleas, ) ' and
before) to elet a Mayor yearly; and in the very | is now come uſt ro the Sea ; it takes a turn to the
heart of the City, near the market-place,builr a mot | South, that ic may deſcend more gently into the
beautiful Town-houſe , which on the ſet days are | 5ca : by which means ic makes a fort of /ir!le rongue
furniſhe with all manner of proviſions. *Tis partly | or flip of Land, waſht on one fide by it feif, on the
indebted to the Netherlands , who after they could no | other by the Sea. In this flip, upon an open ſhore,
{Albani. Icnpger endure the 24 ogy" of the Duke of || Alva,nor | I law Yarmouth, in Saxon Gap-muS and Jiep-mus, ,...
the bloody Inquiſition ſetting up, flockt hither in | i.e. the mouth of the Garients,a very neat harbour and g-=
| great numbers, and firſt brought in the manufacture of | town, fortity'd both by the nature of the place, and
— gorg * light worſted ſtufls/. Buce why am I fo long upon | the contrivance of Art. For though it be almoſt
rundarmm theſe matters 2 when they are all, with the Hiſtory ' furrounded with water ; on the welt wich the river
pamorum. of the Bithops, the ſuccefiion ot their Magiltrartes, | (over which is a Draw-bridge, ) and on other fides
and the tury of that villanous rebel Kerr againſt this with the Sea, except to the North where 'tis joyn'd
City, very elegantly deſcrib'd by Alexander New;l, a | to the Continent ; yet is ic tenc'd with {trong {tare-
perſon eminent both for birch and learning. I will | ly walls, which with the river, hgure it into an ob-
"AR only add, that in the year 1583. the Citizens by the long quadrangle. Behdes the towers upon theſe,
- men t1y. DElp of * an artificial Inſtrument, convey'd water | there 15 a mole or mount to the Eaſt , from whence
eragogico. through pipes into the higheſt part of cheCity. And | the great Guns command the Sea (ſcarce half a mile?
here I could ſummon both Polydere Virgil the Italian, | diſtant) all round. Ir has but one*Church, though
and Angelus Capellus the Frenchman, to anſwer before | very large, and with a ſtately high ſpire ; built near
the Tribunal of venerable Antiquity, how they come | the North-gate by Herber: Biſhop of Norwich. Be-
ro affirm that our old Ordowices (who liv'd almoſt un- | low which the toundations of a noble Work defign'd
der another Hemiſphere) inhabited this Norwich. T | as an enlargement to this, are rais'd above ground.
could bring the ſame Aion againſt our Country- | 1 dare not affirm that this was the old Gartononum
man Caizs ; but that I am fatisfy'd *twas nothing but | where formerly the Srab/efian Horſe lay in gaiilon
a natural love of his native Country that blinded the | againſt the Barbarians. Nor yet the reighbouring
learned old man. And I hare nothing more to add | little village Caſtor (formerly the feat of Sir 7c»
about Norwich; unleſs you have a mind to run over | Falfoeff an eminent Knight '+) famous among the In-
theſe verſes made upon it by John Fohnſton a Scotch- | habitants upon account of its antiquity ; though ther?
man. is a report that the river Yare had anocher mouth jul
under 1c. Bur as I am throughly convinc'd that ne
Urbs ſpecioſa ſitu, nitidss pulcherrima tetts, Garianonum Was at Burgh-caſtle in Suffolk, which 15 5,4
Grata peregrinis, delitioſa ſus. {ſcarce two miles diſtant from the other tide ct 102 wn
Bellorum ſedes, trepido turbante tumultu, river ; fo am I apt to think that Tymouth rote 0
Triſtia Neuſtriaco ſub duce damna tul:t. of its ruins, and that that Caffor was one of the Ro-
Vittis diſſidits, poſtquam caput ardua cs man Caſtles, plac'd alfo at a mouth of the river 7:7:
Extulit, 1mmenſis crevit opima opibus . now ſhut up. For as the * North-welt-wind plays the * C:
Cults Tncit OPes, Or cultum gratia rerum, Cyranc upon the coaſt of Holland, CVeTr a gain! 4 & Rs
Quam bene ! [i luxus non comitetur opes. place, * and has ſtopt up the middle-mouth ot the
&
od
_— —__—_—_— On L—_— —— — — 0 OS Or —_—
—— —- —— — — — 0
« Ot the nature of this wind [Caur)] and the injury it does all harbours that are expos'd to it, ſee Sormner's Per: us 1:0 i1es,
* Rhine
C_—
$35 _
4 Aqc0-
—
NORFOTLK,
Rhine by heaping in Sands ; juſt fo has the + North-
eaſt plagu'd this coaſt, and by {weeping up heaps ©
"Sand ſeems to have ſtopt this Mouth. Nor will it be
any injury, if I call this our Yarmouth ( fo nearly
joyn'd to the old Garianonum)it felf ; fince the Garie-
»is, from whence it had the name, has not chang'd
its chanel, and enters the Ocean below this town, to
which it hath alſo given its name. For I cannot but
own, that this our Yarmouth is of later date. For
when that old Garianonum Was = to decay , and
there was none left to defend the ſhore , Cerdick
--i.4:be the warlike Saxon landed here (from whence the
þ 4.
o 1.
Corll, Ce
hte
place is call'd by the inhabicants at this day' Cerdick-
{and,and by other Hiſtorians Cerdict-ſbore;) and when
he had peſter'd the ken; with a eroubleſome war, fer
{ail from hence for the weſt, where he ſettl'd the king-
dom of the Weſt-Saxons. And not long after, the
Saxons inſtead of Garianonum built a new town inthart
moiſt watery field upon the welt fide of the river,
which they call'd Yarmouth. Bur the ſituation of that
proving unwholeſom, they march'd over to the other
ſide of the river, call'd then (from the ſame Cerdick)
Cerdick-ſand : and there they buile this new town,
wherein (as Domeſday-book has it ) there flouriſhe
in the time of Edward the Confeſſor 70 Burgeſles.
Afterwards, about the year of our Lord 1340. the
- Citizens wall'd it round ; and in a ſhort time became
ſo rich and powerful, chat they often engag'd their
neighbours the Leſteffenſes and the Portzenſes (lo they
call'd the inhabitants of the Cinque Ports ) in Sea-
fights, with great ſlaughter on both ſides. For they
had a particular ſpight againſt them, poſſibly upon
this account, betta they were excluded our of the
number,and depriv'd of the Privileges of the C:nque-
Ports, which both the old Garienonwm, and their An-
ceſtors under the Count of the Saxon-ſhore formerly
enjoy'd. But a ſtop was put to theſe extravagancies
by the Royal Authority ; or (as others think) by the
damp which that grievous plague brought upon
them, that in one year took 7040 Souls out of this
little cown : as appears by an old Chronographical
which alſo gives an
e Portuenſes and the
ew low, nor 'had
Table hungup in che Church 3
account of their wars with th
Leſtoffenſes.” From that time they
they wealth ſufficient to carry on their merchandiſe ;
upon which they have beraken themſelves moſtly to
the herring-trade (for fo they genetally 'call chem,
though the learned think them to be the Chakides and
the Leucomenides) a ſort of fiſh that's more plentiful
upon this coaſt thar! any other part of the world.
For it ſeems incredible what a great and throng Pair,
is here at Michaelmas ; and what quantities of her-
ring and other fiſh ate'vended. At which time the
Cinque-Ports; by an old cuſtom , appoint fo man
Bailifh, Commiſſioners, to ſend hither 3 who( to fa
out of their Diploma or Commitlion) along with the
Magiſtratesof the Town, during the free Fair, hold 4
Court for matters belonging to the Fair, execute the King's
Juſtice, and keep the King's peace. The harbour under-
neath is of
tants, but thoſe of Norwich alſo ; and 'tis an infinite
charge they are at to keep it open againſt the vio.
lence of the Sea. Which, to do -jultice and make
amends for what it has ſwallow'd up: on this coalt,
. has here heap'd up Sands into a little [land { k].
Az this Mouth alſo another river , cal'd by ſome
Thyrn, empties it ſelf along with the Yare. Ir riſes
near Holt, fo call'd from the wood, and noted for its
marker: and running all along as it were perpendi-
cularly with the Yare at about five miles diſtance, | «f
oes by Blickling, ' now the feat of the ancient and
amous family of Clere, who liv'd formerly at Ormes- | Par
advantage not only to 'the inhabi: |
naſtery of Sr. Benedi& de Hulme, (commonly S. Benet S- B-occs.
f| i= the Holme, i. e&. in a river [and,) built by Canute
the Dane, and afterwards fo fortity'd by the Monks
with ſtrong walls and bulwarks, that it lookt more
like a Caſtle than a Cloyſter. So that, William the
Conquerour could not poflibly cake it, till a Monk
betray'd it upon condition he ſhould be made Abbot;
which he accordingly was. But preſently the new
Abbot (as the {tory goes among the inhabicants) was
by the King's ſpecial order hang d for a Traitor, and
lo was puniſhe an{werably to his treachery. The
ground in this Iſland is fo fenny , that if you only
cut the * little ſtrings and roots of the trees and * Fiv:z;
ſhrubs chat grow in it, ic ſwims upon the water, and
ou may draw it after you whither you pleaſe. And
me conclude irom the Cockles now and then dug
up tnere, that once the Sea broke in ſo far. From
hence the river glides on by Ludham, a ſeat of the CO
Biſhops of Norwich; then by Clipsby , which gave
name to an ancient and eminent family in cheſe parts:
and fo preſently joyns the Yare [w]
From the Yare's mouth, the ſhore runs in a man-
ner dire&ly northward to ///;nterton, a little Promon-
tory of note among the Sea-men, which I fancy had
that name given it from the winterly ſituation. For
it lyes open to the Sea (that Parent of windsand co!d)
which ruſhes violently again(t the banks rais'd on
ſe to oppoſe it. And yet the neighbouring
fields all round, are looke upon by ſeveral, to be the
ſatref and looſeF in all England ; as requiring che A '** we
eaſt labour, and bringing the largeſt increaſe. For
( as Pliny ſays of Bizgcium in Africa ) it may be
plow'd wich a horſe of any ſort, and an old woman
drawing againſt him,
| From H#imterron the ſhore preſently turns weſtward,
giving back for a long way together, and in a lzvel,
without. any conſiderable juttings out into the Sea; as
lar as Eccles, ſwallow'd up by the Ocean. Then runs
on, though with a higher ſhore, by Bronbolme,tormer-
.ly a ſmall Monaſtery endow'd by the Glanwils, ſeat-
_
ed upon a high. hill, the Crofs whereof was by our
Anceſtors had'in mighty veneration **: And not far
; $4 Gimming-
from Gimmingham , which among other manours {/=i"g
J. Earl of Warren and Surrey formerly gave to Tho-
mas Earl of Lancaſter [n]. So along by Cromer,
, Where the. Inhabitants at great expence endeavour'd
co maintain a + little harbour again(t the violence ot |
the Sea, but all in vain; it runs to Warburnebope, a
creek not long ſince tortify'd, fo call'd trom the little
town of J#/
granted a Market and Fair at the inſtance of Oliver
de Bourdeaux. Next to this is Clay, and over againſt
it on the othet bank of the little river, Blakeney, call Blackney.
by our Countryman Bale Nigeria, a famous College
of Carmelite Friers in the laſt age, buile by 7 Roberr 1327.
de Roos, ** Robert Bacon, and F. Brezt. It bred Fohn John Ba-
Baconthorp (nam'd from the place of his birth, now
the ſeat of the Heydons Knights) a man in that age of
ſo: univerſal: and fo profound Learning, that he was
highly admir'd by the Italians, and went commoniy
by che name of tbe Reſolute Dod#or.
Ins Panſa writes thus of him : If your mclinations lead
you. to ſearch into the nature of Alnnghty God, no one has
writ more accurately upon bu Eflence. If one has a mind
ro ſearch into the cauſes of things , the effetts of nature,
rhe various motions of the heavens, end tbe contrary qua-
lities. of the elements ; bere he's preſented with a Maga-
z.ime. This one Reſolute DotFor has furniſhi the Chriſtian
Religion with armour againtt the Fews, ſtronger than any
Vulcan's,&c.. From Wauburne to the littie Promon-
tory of S. Edmund, the coaſt lyes lower , cut and
ted by many rivulets, and fecur'd againſt che in-
curſion of the Sea with Sand-hgaps , call d © Aeales ,
350
,to which King Edward theſecond V*>ums
Whereupon Pau- ſalarrs.
Oo of 2 SAWPRL. or Ig, << ODETTE TY ou So uh ono ww
CD——-—_—_ _—_—
by [1]; and by Ailesbam, a pretty populous market- _
hb rm Soar the Earl of Arbo/in Scotland Ws;
was poſſeſs'd of Lands '* 3 then by the rainous Mo-
— _ _ — —_——
not without great difficulty. | 1 '
Scarce four miles more inward , is WVa/ſngham , Wiling-
a. PR WIR
——_
: ' p 4 | . . ; ag i ime of King James 1, whoſe
fSir Edward Cleere (old it to Sir Hewy Hobart Attorney G:neral, and Lord Chicf Joſtice of re Gommon, Picas in the time © Ao
great grandſon Sir hows Hobare Kaighs and Baronet, ns enj>ys it, |, Thry are fo call'd (lays Spelman) trom the Swediſh and Geman mil, lige
nitying duſt. t
, | . , de, and hmce lo nam'd, as Dor-
I; Nov far Wwited, where (as I read) the 8:uf Worlted, in ſo great requeſt among our Anceſtors, was firſt maae, ' od ronagatig
nicks, —ioalog xe W, Oc. wel hike 3008 4M denymination from the places wheve they were ff ans rpms ev W » N -z Re ſton,
a ſmall ſownlet, which yet hath given firname to # family grown great both in «ſtate and alance, jin;e they mAICK | gre 6 Bear che of EE
Mulebye, $+ H>/114., The right name is Barry ; tor Sur Widiam "aſton os Judge marry'd Agnes daughter and cabeir of Sir £434) "Ty
Bb 2 which
=_ a _< — IT — W— _
. ee. ee i. . ... OETEES -"_
P TA tr Somers
#7 Sir Robert, 2® Sir Robert.
- -— - ——_— - O—_—
Pn ,
adn PEER 4 _
_—
F
#
—_—
— —_
-
—Q_
- _— — — —— a c_
ICENL
_ NT nn OT EEE CE IT 0 —— <<» ens bh
.
Regulus.
*A Secreris. * SECTetary Of State to
Houghton.
Neciutfords.
which from the nearnefs of the Sea Eraſmus calls Para-
thalaſſs. This little rown is noted at preſent for pro-
ducing the beſt Saffron;but was lately famous through
England for Pilgrimages to the Virgin Mary. For
in the laſt age, whoever had not made a vilit and a
preſent to the Bleſſed Virgin of this place, was lookt
upon as impious and irreligious. But take the de-
C
ne
ſcription of ic from Eraſmus, who was an eye-wit- | uncertain eſtuary, as this is Up
Not far from the ſea, at almo#t four miles diſtance, | T1eT Osſe enters the Ocean, is ſeated Linne, perhaps
——
paſſage is urg'd by ſuch as hold that William did nor
poſſels himlelf of England by Conqueſt, but by
treaty and Covenant | s ].
The before-mention d Bay we call The Waſhes, but t
Ptolemy eAEſtuarinm Metars, pollibly inſtead of Mal- ©
, . . . » : Nor »;
traith, a name by which the Britains call'd zſtuaries 74. _
in other places, and which imports no more than an
n this, where the
there is a willage in a manner entirely maintain'd by the ſo nam'd from it's ſpreading waters ; for ſo much is
great reſort of Travellers, There 11 a College of Canons
call'd by the Latins Regular, a middle ſort between |
Monks and Secular Canons. This College has ſcarce any
other revenues, beſides the Preſents made to the Bleſſed Vir-
gin. For ſome of the Gifts only that are more confiderable,
are preſery'd; but if it be any thing Rn or of ſmall
walue, it goes to the maintenance of the Convent,and their
Head, whom they ſtile Prior. The Church is ſplendid and
beautiful ; but the Virgin dwells not in it : that out of
weneration and reſpett is gramed to her ſon. She bas ber
Church ſo contri/d, as to be on the right hand of her ſon.
But neither in that does ſhe live, the building being not yer
finiſht ; and the wind runs through it on all ſides: for both
doors and windows are open, and the Ocean (that Parent
of winds) & bard by. In the Church which I told you
a unfniſh'd, there a little narrow Chapel of wood, mto
which the Pilgrims are admitted on each ſide at @ narrow
door. There u but little light ; almoſt none indeed except
that of the wax tapers, which have a very grateful ſmell.
But if you look in, you'll ſay 'tus a ſeat of the Gods, ſo
bright and ſhining w it all over with jewels, gold, and
filver. Bur within the memory of our Fathers, when
Hen. 8. had fer his eyes and heart upon the revenues
of che Church, all as went to wrack. I have no-
thing elſe to add about Wal/ingham, but that the fa-
mily of /al/inghams Knights (as the Genealogiſts
will have it ) bad their name and original from this
place. Of which family was Sir Francs Walſingbam
ueen Elizabeth, a perſon, as
admirably versd, fo wonderful induſtrious in the
molt important affairs of the Kingdom [0]. In the
neighbourhood, at Howgbton, flouriſh'd a famous fa-
mily of the Nerfords,very much enrich'd by matching
y Peroniti with f Parnel de Vaulx, who had a great eltate abour
Vallibus. Z7;/e, Cley, and in other parts. But now to the ſhore.
Brannodu-
num.
}] Caſtrum.
Brancaſter.
Not far from Walſingham, upon the fea-ſhore to
the weſt, ſtood that ancient Bramnodunum, where,
when the Saxons began firlt ro infeſt Britain, the
Dalmatian Horſe kept garifon under the Count of the
Saxon ſhore. Now 'tis a Country-village, retaining
nothing but the bare remains of the name, and ſhew.
ing an entrenchment ( the neighbours call it || Cafer)
which includes ſome eight acres, and is nam'd Bray-
caſter. Here ancient Roman Coins are commonly
dug up [p]. This was a very proper place for a gar-
riſon ; for at the neighbouring Chapel of St. Ed-
mund [ q |, and at Hunſtanton built by the ſame St. Ed-
»und [r}, the ſhore turns in to the ſouth, and forms
a large bay chat is much expos'd to Pirates, and re-
Funtanton cejves ſeveral Rivers. But Hunſtanton is not to be
omitted even upon this account, that it has been the
Le Stnange. ſeat of the famous family of Le-Srrange Knights, ever
ſince Fobn Baron Le-Srrange of Knockin, beltow'd it
upon his younger brother Hamon ; which was in the
reign of Edw. 2.
The catching of Hewks, the abundance of Fiſb, | is Caſtle-acre, where formerly the Earls of Warren Of*®
| es over them,
—
'
1
:
imply'd by Lhyn in Britiſh. This is a large town, al-
moſt furrounded with a deep ditch and walls, and
divided by ewo Rivulets, which kave ſome 1 bridg-
Tho' it be but of a late dare, call'd
not long ſince Brſbop*s Lirne, becauſe till Henry 8.
time it belong'd to the Biſhops of Norwich ( tor it
aroſe out of the ruins of one more ancient, which
lies in Merſhland over-againlit it, and is call'd at this
day Old Lynne, and Kings-Lynne | t}; ) yet for its fafe
harbour of ſo ealie an entrance, tor the number of
merchants, beauty of buildings, and wealth of the
Citizens, *tis beyond diſpute che beſt rown of the
Iceni, Norwich only excepted. It enjoys alſo very
large Immunities, which they purchas'd of K. John
with che price of their own blood, ſpent in the de-
fence of his cauſe. For he granted them a Mayor,
and gave his own ſword to be carry'd before him [u],
with a ſilver cup gilt, which they have at this day.
Afterwards allo, they purchas'd their loſt Liberties of
Hen. 3. not without blood ; when they ſided with
him againſt the out-law'd Barons, and unluckily cn-
gag'd them in the Iſle of Ely. An account whereof
we have in the book of Ely, and in Matthew Pars.
Over the river, oppoſite to Lynne, lies Merſbland, Merz
a low marſhy little tract ( as the name implies ) every
where parcell'd with ditches and drains to draw off
the waters and moiſture into ſo many rivers | w ].
The foil is exceeding fat, and breeds abundance of
cattel ; ſo that in the place call'd Tiney-Smerb there Tir
feed co the number of about thirty chouſand ſheep."
But the ſea, what by beating, waſhing-away, over-
flowing, and demoliſhing, makes ſuch frequent and
violent attempts upon them, that they have much
ado to keep it out by the help of banks [x]. The
more conſiderable places in this tra are * ialpole, win
which the Lord of the Manour formerly gave to the
Church of Ely with his fon, whom he made a Monk
there : Wigenhall, the poſleflion of J. Howard in the
reign of Edward 1. whole poſterity is grown into a
moſt honourable and ſplendid family : 7:lney betore-
mention'd, which gave name to the ancieat family
of the Tilneys
ancient family of the Cartils | y ].
And thus we have ſurvey'd the ſea-coaſt entire.
More inward, upon che welſt-ſide of the County,
there are alſo ſeveral towns; but becauſe they are
but of late ſtanding, I-will ft only rouch upon
them. Near Linne 15 Ri/ing-Caſtle, leated on a high rig
hill, and vying wich that at Norwich, It was for-
merly the ſeat of the Albinies ; afterwards of.Robert
de Mont-hault by marriage wich the ſiſter and coheir
of Hugh de 4lb;mey Earl of Arundel ; and laſtly of
the: Mowvrays deicended (as I have been told) from
|
the ſame ſtock-with the Albinies, Burt now it is ru-
inated, and as|it were expiring tor age | zj}, Below
with the Ferr and Amber commonly found upon this dwelt, in a Caſtle now ruinous that ſtood upon 2
coaſt, I purpoſely
6 by, becauſe other places alſo | little river | aa]. The river is anonymony, riſing _ 0
in thoſe parts afford them in great plenty. Yer , not far from Godwicke, a lucky name, where is a ****
Sharnbern upon this coaſt is well: worth our notice, | ſmall feat 3 but made great by the ornament it re-
both becauſe Felix the Burgun
dian, who converted | ceives from the famous Sir Edward Cooke Knight, a
the Eaſt-Angles to Chriſtianity, built in this place | perſon of admirable parts ; than whom. as! go one
che ſecond Chriſtian Church of that Province, ( for | ever apply himſelf cloſer co the ſtudy of the Com-
che firſt he is {aid to have built at Bebing
landed ; ) as alſo becauſe we are inform'd by ancient
Records, that the Saxon Lord of this place, before
the coming in of the Normans, upon a fair hearing
before the Conguerour himſelf, had ſentence given in
favour of him,and recover'd the Manour from Warren
apon whom the Conquerour had beſtow'd it. Which
where he | mon-Law, ſo never any underſtood it better. Where-
of he convinc'd England by his diſcreet management
for many years together whilſt Actorney-General,
and ſtill does by executing the office of Lord Chict
Juſtice of the Common-Pleas with the greateſt pru-
dence. Nor has he given lefs proof of his abilities
in his Commentaries upon our Laws, whereby he
Mt
| —
b That is, a poo! near the wall or remp.re, which original is alſo to be attributcd tv it's neighbours Falren, and Y a/jcck. Speirman's ren! MS.
fubJTir. H'a!ſocs.
has
Knights: and S:. Maries, the ſeat of the TROY
453
NORFOLK.
394
This little river glides on gently weſtward to Linne,
...; by Neirford, which gave name to the famous family
of Neirfords; and by Neirborrougb, where, near the
ſeat of the Spilmans Knights, there is a ſtrong and
ancient military entrenchment upon a high hill, ve-
ry conveniently ſeated for the defence of the neigh-
bouring field | bb j. Next, Penteney is plac'd upon the
{ame rivulter, which was formerly a common bury-
ing-place for the Nobility of thoſe parts.
Neighbour to this is Wormegay commonly Wrongey,
which Reginald de Warren ver of William de
Warren (econd Earl of Surrey, had with his wife ; of
whom ( as I have read ) the ſaid Earl had the dona-
tion or Maritage, as they worded it in that age. By
his grand-daughter by a ſon it preſently went to the
« Bardolphs, noble and honourable Barons who flou-
-'. riſhd for a long time, and bore three Cinque-foils Or
in a field azure. A great part of their eſtare, along
with the title, came to ' William Phellips, and by his
daughter to the Viſcount Beaumont. More to the
un ealt we ſee Swaffbam, a ſamous market-town, for-
merly the poſſeflion of the Earl of Richmond: Aſbele-
manour, in right whereof the Haſtmgs, and the Greys
w- Lords of Ruthan, || had formerly the overſight of che
* Table cloaths and Napkins made uſe of at the Coro-
kede nation of the Kings of England. North-Elmbam,
#1* where the Biſhops had their ſeat for ſome time, when
> this Dioceſe was divided into two | cc |. Dereham,
where was bury'd Wirhburga daughter of King Anna,
who divorcing her ſelf entirely from all luxury and
levity, and being a Virgin of great ſanftity, was
by our Anceftors canoniz'd a Saint [dd]. Next to
this is Greſenbal, with its neighbour El/ſmg, both the
poſſeſſions formerly of the Folliots, parlors of great
honour in their time. By the daughter of Richard
Foliot they came to ** Hugh de Haſtings of the family of
Abergeuenny : and at length, by the daughters and heirs
of Hugh Haſting the laſt, Greſſenbal came to *' Hamon
le Strange of Hunſtanſton, and Elſing to William Brown
brother of * Anthony Brown firſt Viſcount Montacute.
In this Quarter alſo is [--borough, which Talbot takes
to be the Icrant mention'd by Antoninus.
I fay any more about theſe matters. I have now no-
thing to do, but ro reckon up the Earls and Dukes
of Norfolk, aad fo go on to Cambridgeſhire [ee].
* _ Wilkam the Conquerour &t one Ralph over the
Country of tic Eat Angles, that is, the Counties of
Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridgeſhire. But he was
quickly depriv'd ( as I obſervd before) for endea-
vouring inftiovations in the State. Some years after,
in the reign of K. Stephen, Hugh Bigod was Earl of
Norfolk. For when a Peace was concluded between
we Stephexs and Henry of Anjou ( afterwards Henry 2.) it
mind WAS EX provided that William fon of Stephen,
0 ſhould have the whole County of Norfolk, excepr,
among other things, rhe third of which Hugo Bi-
A god was Earl, Whom notwithſtanding King Hen. 2.,
, afterwards wade Earl of the third penny of Norfolk and
Norwic. In the 25th of Henry 2. upon his death,
his foh Roger ſucceeded him, who for I know not
what 'reafon procurd''a' new Creation-Charter of
Rich. tr. Roger was ſacceeded by his fon Hugh, who
marry'd May4 eldeft daughter and coheir. of Wiliam
... Marſhkt Fart'of Pembroke. By her he had Roger
. Earl of Norfolk and Marſhal of England, who * wrelt.
Ing and ftraining his joynts in a Tournament, dy'd
withottt 'ifſue; and Hugh Bigod Lord Chief Juſtice
of England; lain itt the bartel of Lewes, whoſe fon
Roger flicceeded' his Uncle in the dignity of Earl of
Norfolk and Marſhal fof England]. But when his
intoleftt ' and ſtubborn behaviour had thrown him
undet” the diſpleaſure 'of Edw. 1. he was forc'd to pals
over hits honours, and almoſt his whole eſtate, to
the King, for the uſe of Thomas de Brotherton, the
King's fon by Margaret ſiſter ro Philip the Fair,
King of Fratice: For ſo a Hiſtory has told us out of
aregay
all
dcorgh
Nor need
has highly oblig'd both his own Age, and Poſterity. | the Library of St. Auguſtin's in Canterbury. In the
year 1301. Roger Bigod Earl of Norfolk made King
Edward bis heir, and deliver'd up to him the Marſhal's
rod, upon this condition, That if bu wife bore bim any
children, all ſbou!d be return'd, and be ſhould hold it peace-
ably without any contradi&ion ow-the King's part. And
the King gave him a thouſand pound in money, and a
thouſand t pound in lands for life, along with the Titles of t Librater.
Alarſbal and Earl. But he dying without iſſue, King
Edw. 2. by virtue of the ſurrender above-mention'd,
honour'd his brother Thomas Brotherton with the titles
of Marſhal, and Earl of Norfolk. But his daughter
Margaret, calld Lady Marſhal and Counteſs of Nor- Parl. ::.
folk, and marry'd to John Lord Segrave, was created **
Dutcheſs of Norfolk for life by K. Rich. 2. who at
the ſame time created Thomas Mowbray ( Earl of
Nottingham and grandchild to Margaret by a daugh-
ter ) firſt Duke of Norfolk to him and bis beirs males ;
having before Hoy him the dignity and ſtile of
Parl Marſhal of England. *2 This is he who accusd
Henry of Lancaſter Earl of Hereford to the King, for
blabbing ſome ſcandalous and malicious words againſt
his Majeſty. And when they were to try it by duel,
a Herald by the King's authority pronounc'd ſentence
againſt them at the very Liſts, that both ſhould be
baniſh'd, Lancaſter for 10 years, but Mowbray for life,
who dy'd at Venice, leaving ewo ons behind him in
England. Whereof Thomas Earl Marſhal and Earl
of Nottingham (for he had no other titles) upon
raiſing a conſpiracy was beheaded by Henry of Lan-
caſter, who had poſleſt himſelf of the Crown, under
the name of Henry 4. But his brother and heir Fob,
by the favour of Hen. 5. was reſtor'd ; and being tor
ſome years after ſtil'd only Earl Marſhal, and Earl of
Nottingham, upon Hen. 6.'s coming to the Crown,
was by virtue of a Patent granted by Rich. 2. as ſon Rot. Parl.
of Thomas Duke of Norfolk bu father, and heir to Thomas * ©:
bs brother, declar'd Duke of Norfolk, by authority of
Parliament. He was ſucceeded by his fon Fohn, who
dy'd in the firſt year of Edw. 4. and he alſo by his fon
of that name, who in the life-time of his father was
by Hen. 6. created Earl of Surrey and Warren. Whoſe Parl. 17.
only daughter Anne was marry'd to Richard Duke of ©: +
York, K. Ed. the 4s young ſon, and with her had a
grant from his father of the titles of Norfolk, Earl
Marſhal, Warren, and Nottingham. But both he and
his wife being made away very young, Rich. 3. K. of
England conterr'd the title of Duke of Norfolk, and
the authority of Earl Marſhal, upon *4 Fobn Howard,
who was found Kinſman and one of the heirs of Anne
Dutcheſs of York and Norfolk above-mention'd. For
his mother was one of the daughters of that firſt Tho.
Mowbray Duke of Norfolk, and K. Edw. 4. had ad-
vanc'd him to the Tignity of a Baron. Fo is John
was kill'd in the battel of Boſworth, fighting valiancly
for Richard againſt Hen. 7. His fon Thomas (who by
creation from Rich. 3. was Earl of Surrey ** ) was by
K. Hen. 8. reſtor'd to his father's title of Norfolk *5,
after he had routed the Sootch-army 37 at Flodden ,
wherein James 1. K. of Scots was ſlain. In memory
of which viRtory, it was granted to the family of the
Howards, that in the middle of the White Bend in
their Arms there ſhould be added, Is an Eſcocheon Or, An honors-
a demy Lion ſhot through the mouth with an arrow, with- > voce eg
in @ double treſſure adornd with Lilies on both ſides Gules : Arms ofthe
which comes very near to the Arms of the Kings of #2:
Scotland. He was ſucceeded by his ſon Thomas **;
whom our own Age ſaw toſs'd about with the ebbgs
and flows of Fortune. His grandchild Thomas, by
his fon H (which Henry was the firſt of our $e in the
Engliſh Nobility that grac'd his high birth with the Adages of
ornaments of Learning ) being attainted of High- bilzws
Treaſon for endeavouring a match with Mary Queen ww
of Scots, and in the year 1572. beheaded, was the
laſt D. of Norfolk. From which cime his poſterity has
as it were lay dead; but now, by the favour and boun-
ty of K. James, begins to revive and flouriſh again.
2 S;r Hamon.
2+ Folon Lord Howard.
's Sir William. *» Sir Hugh.
Henry of Lancaſter Duke of Heretgrd.
reared Babl of Surrey. 27 Ft Brafxton.
S07; Mary
z2 $iy Anthony.
*; And by
i8 4; wel in his Honours as in the Office
:3 This is he," that before the King was Ns 1 and accnt'd by
King Hen. 7, made Loyd Treaſurer. *5 And his (on the ſame day
Lord Treaſurer of England, and liv'd in the time of
There are in thi County about 660 Pariſh-Churches.
ADDT
>: Rey» wr WT Fau
.
0” —————— _—— - —_— - x_—w—— ww ——
395
—————_— ummmun_m_nm__ncd, — x — _— -- oo — —_— > - AO <> ee
Theriurd,
# Antiq.
Cant.p.148.
+ Hiſt.Eccl.
L3.c.18.
Buckenham
doubt the ancient Sitomagw ; but whether that be
corruptly written Simomags and Sinomagw, is not fo
certain as to bear a poſitive aflertion. Ir is worth the
theſe names, which ſhould imply its being the Capi-
dA A . "E- Lk : Ys
ADDITIONS
H E County of Norfolk is ſo calld from
its Northern ſituation , with reſpe& to
the reſt of the Eaſt-Angles , whereof it
was a part. Our Author recommends ic
for its being very populous, having (as he obſerves)
27 markets, and 625 villages. Bur if we may truſt
the Book of Rates of Taxes to the King, che eſteem
it hath upon that account may be rais'd much high-
er ; for there we find 32 markets, and 711 villages :
whether Mr. Camden was miſtaken in the number,
or this increaſe have been ſince his time, I dare not
ſay. What he has obſerv'd of its being a Nurſery of
Lawyers, as it is confirm'd by many inſtances,ſo par-
eicularly by the great Sir Henry Spelman, from whom
Spede conteſſes he receiv'd his deſcription of _
frer that, he drew-up an entire deſcription of this
his native County ; and upon his authority princi-
pally depends the greateſt part of the following re
marks.
[a] To begin with our Author; Thetford is no
while to conſider, whether there is not ſomething in
tal city of the Iceni. If we take Simomagw, Prolemy's
Simeni (for ſo he names the people ot thole parts )
does ſomething favour it: and Simomagns comes near-
er the naine Tens, eſpecially if we may ſuppoſe the
Icaſt away, as in Hiſpani , Spani. Beſides , Czfar's
calling this people Cenimagn: (which Camden, find-
ing them diſtintly read Ceni, Agns , is of opinion
ſhould be read Iceni, Regni, ) farther confirms this
conjeRure.
{b} As to the relation which Mr. Camden diſco-
vers between the initial of the old and preſent names,
(Sit and Thet,) and from thence cones that the
modern name is compounded of the remains of the
Roman, and the Saxon pop»; there is no grounds for
it. For the old Saxon name was P*co-pond ( not as
Mr. Camden writes it Deorroeps, the ſimilicude of
toNORFOLK.
(d] In the time of Henry 3. it paſs'd from the
Earl of Arundel to the Taiſals; for then upon default
of heir-male, this large eſtate was divided amon
daughters. Since it came into the family of the Knz-
vets, Philip Kniver (who in Sir Henry Spelman's time
was the poſleſſor) had the title of Baronet conferrd
upon him, but the ancient eſtate was very much
gone to _
[e] From hence we pals into the Hundred of Fore-
howe, ſo call'd from the fowr bil;,upon which are held
their meetings (as Sir Henry Spelman has obſerv'd ;
and heah in Saxon,is at this day h:gh.)On the South-
eaſt ſide thereof lyes Wirmdbam , or Windham, fold \y;.4,
by the laſt of the Knwers of that place to Henry Ho-
bart, Chief Juſtice of the Common Pleas. There is
this Epitaph upon William de Albeney, Butler to K. Hen-
ry 1.and founder of a Monaſtery of Black- Monks there,
Hunc Pincerna locum fundavit, & bic jacet ; ia
Que dedit huic domui, jam (ine fine tenet.
(f] Ar Depeham in the fame Hundred, is a Linden- Deiu
tree of vaſt bigneſs, mention'd and deſcrib'd by Mr.
Evelyn, in his Sylva, where he calls ic Tillia Celia
Depemenſis. To the eye it ſtands over the other trees
when view'd at a diſtance, as a Giant to ſo many pig-
mies. At the foot of it is a ſpring, which petrifies
ſticks, leaves, and whatever falls into it.
&-::
South from hence is Artilburrough, a place (if Joby Aw
reat note and antiquity. He will have it built and
ortify'd by Arlnge a King of thoſe parts ;. and his
evidence for it are ewo Copies of that Hiſtory which
he tranſlated, one in French and the other in old
Engliſh. But whatever credit this may delerve, 'tis
certain that the termination burrough, wherever it oc-
curs, denotes ſomething of antiquity, as a ca#le , a
fort, or ſuch like.
[g] Between this and Norwich is Carleton, which cya
our Author tells us was held «pon condition of carrymg
a bundred bermgs bak'd in pies to the King wherever be
was. The town of Yarmouth by Charter is bound
to ſend to the Sheriffs of Norwich theſe hundred her-
t and © probably creating a miſtake in ſome old Co-
pies) which plainly fignities @ ford of the people.
This town was famous for being a ſeat of the
Kings of the Eaſt-Anglet ; but whether, that fortifica-
tion with a double trench was the work of the Saxons,
our Author leaves to the judgment of others. That
incomparable Antiquary, Spelman, thinks it was done
by the Danes, who made ſo conſiderable a figure in
thoſe parts ; becauſe the camps of both Romans and
Saxons are generally obſerv'd to be much larger.
An anonymous Author quoted by. * Caizs, tells us
there was formerly a Great-School, or Nurſery of Learn- |
mg in this place. It may poflibly be the ſame which
+ Bede hints to, when he informs us how Sigebert
rings, but they are to be bak'd in 24 pies or paſties,
and thence deliyer'd to"the Lord of the manour of
Eaſt Carlton, who is to convey them to the King.
This is every year duly obſerv'd to this day,and an In-
denture drawn up, the ſubſtance whereof is » Thar
| upon delivery of theſe pics to the Lord of che ma-
| nour, he ſhal acknowledge the receipt, and be ob-
liged to convey them to the King. 1 haveſeen aCo-
| py of one made ten years ſince, and the ſame is eve-
\ry 7X drawn up with the neceſlary alterations.
t a lictle diſtance Eaſtward is Cafor , the famous Gi%
Roman camp; which agrees exatly with, the de-
ſcription given by Polybixs, Vegetins, and others con-
cerning the Romarn's ancient way , of encampment.
(after he 'was return'd home, and ſettÞ'd in bis kingdoms ) | The faces far the four gates are {till manifeſtly co be
built a ſchool for the education of youth , in imitation of | ſeen. The Ports Pretoria lookt toward the caſt ,. OP-
what he'bad obſerv'd of that nature in France. Whether
this paſſage belongs to Thetford of Cambridge ( for the
latter lays claim to it, to Advance its Antiquity, is a
point too large to be diſcuſs'd here.
Notwithſtanding the'eminency ofthe place (which |
beſides the ſear of the Eaſt-Saxon Kings, the Biſhops-
See and 8 Monaſteries have entaiP'd upon ic, a thing
perhaps that few cities can boaſt of 3) yer in 9g Edw 1.
; ut was neither city nor burrow ; for that King requiring
an account of the cities, burrows, and villages of this
Shire, Norwich was the only City return'd , and Yar-
month and Lynne, the only burrows ; pollibly becauſe
fuch had only that name,' as ſent: Repreſentarives ro
Paritament , whereas that Privilege was not then
granted to this place. BE Toward,
{ce} Northeaſt from hence lyes Buckenbam , which
great number of bucks,with which the neighbouring
woods may be eaſily ſuppos'd to have been well-
fiock d, as at this day they don not. altogether want
them ; as for beeckes they have iew or none,
Cai) ſcarce be ſuppos'd to come fiom buckes beach-
trees (as our Author imagines ;) but rather from the
ſite to which(without the Ports Decumanaand clole
by the river's ſide) ; there ſtill remain ſome puins of 2
tower. The walls encloſing the camp were of flint
and very large, bricks.
otiginal of which name ſeems plainly to be from the
caſtle there, For though it cannot be deny'd but ji
| the ſea, a ſtation for ſhips, and @ village ; a5 @ caſtle; y&«f
che circumſtances ſeem here ,to determine it .to the
laſt ſenſe. For the inicial North being a relative term,
muſt have ſomething direaly contrary to anſwer it:
whereas we meet with no bays or boſoms on theſouth-
ſide ; but notabove three mules ſouth we find che 1c
mains of an' ancient royal caſtle, which till. keeps
ſome footſteps of antiquiry in its name of Cs
or.
Now from hence the age of the town does in ſome
meaſure appear. For if it took its name from the
cafle, *cis evident it muſt be of leſs antiquiry. The
caſtle indeed, gnc would .imagine from the _
| orm
[i] From hence we are carried to Norwich, the Now
(as Mr. Camden obſerves) ſignifies as well a boſom of
Bramis, a Monk of Thetford, may be credited) of
NOREFOL K.
Exrm of the ditch and vaſt compaſs of it, to have
been either Daniſh or Norman ; but that there muſt
Me been one earlier, is ciear both from the Saxon
original, and a charter of Henry 1. directed to Har-
wey firit Bilnop of Ely, whereby that Church s abſolv/d
from all ſervices due to the Caſtle of Norwich. Now (as
Sir Henry Spelman. very well obſerves ) ſuch ſervices
could not be impos'd, whilſt the lands were in the
hands of the Bithops, Monks , &c. and by conle-
quence muſt needs become due whilſt in the hands of
{ome ſecular owner ; (and the laſt was Tombertus, Go-
vernour of the Southern Gimrw#, who beſtow'd them
upon his wife Frheldreda,toundrels of the Monaſtery
ot Ely, about the year 677.) So that from hence 1t
appears, that the age of chis caſtle reaches ar lealt to
low, and perhaps much lower. The realon why the
Church-lands were exempr trom ſervices, ſeems to be
exprelsd in the Laws ot Edward the ſecond, becauſe
tbe prayers of the Church ought to be look'd upon as more
effet/ua! than ſecular aſſijtance. The City 1s honour'd
by making up one of the many titles 'of his Grace
Henry Duke of Norfolk, whoſz tather was created
by King Charles the ſecond,in the 24th of his Reign,
Earl of Norwich.
[k | From hence the river leads us to Redeham, a
ſmall village upon the ſame river, fo call'd from the
reeds growing in the mariſhy grounds thereabours.
Here it was that [.9:bbroc the Daniſh Noble-man land.
ed, being by a ſudden ſtorm driven from his own
coalt, whillt he was a hawking ; and finding enter-
tainment at King Edmunds Court, then at Ca#tor,
liv'd there till he was murther'd by the King's hunts-
man. Upon the news, his ſ-ns (though the mur-
therer had been ſufficiently puniſh'd) and with 20c00
men to revenge the deatiz of their tather, walte the
whole kingdom ol the Eaſt-Angles, and on the 2oth
of Novemb. 7». 870. barbaroutly mu-ther the Kin
of it. By this account, Redehawm muſt be of eider
date than Turmonth ; becauſe it this hid been then
buiit, Lothbroc had no doubt ſtopt there for afliſtance
and directions.
[1] At Yarmouth, the river Thyrn likewiſe empties
* ir Jelf into the ſea, upon which ſtands Blickling , fa-
mous ( as our Arfthor obſerves, for tie ancient fami-
ly of the Cleres. It was firit more famous for that of
the Bolens, of which tamily was Thomas Bolen, Earl
of Wiltſhire ; and 4-7: Helm wite to Henry 8. and
mother to Queen Elizabeth was born here. It came
to the Cleres by marriage with the daughter of Fames
Bolin, uncle ro Queen Elizabeth, and by Edward
Clere , Knight of the Order of St. Michael , was
fold to +Sir Henry Hobar: , who built there a ſtately
houſe.
[m | Near the place where this river runs into the
ſea, it makes up one fide of a Peninſula, call'd at
this day Fegg. The foil is truittul , and bears corn
very well ; and here the Danes ſeem to have may?
their firſt fertlement, both becauſe it 1s neareſt their
landing, and pretty well fortifyd by the na-
rure ot che place, as being almoſt encompaſs'd with
water ; as alſo becauſe in that little compaſs of
ground we find 13 villages ending in by, a Daniſh
word tignifying a willage , or dwelling-place. And
hence the Bi-lagines of the Daniſh writers, and our
bz-laws here in England, come to ſignitie ſuch Laws
as are peculiar to each town or Village.
[n] Not far from hence, lyes Gmmmingham, where
the ancient cuſtom of Tenure in Soccage (as Sir Hen-
ry Spelman obſerves) 1s ftill kept up; the Tenant
not paying ſo much in money , but ſo many days
work.
Farther toward the north, is Greſham, which gave
name to a family of that name, render'd particularly
eminent by Sir Thomas Greſham, founder of Greſham-
College and ths Royal-Exchange in London.
Welt of Greſham, at a ſmall diſtance from the ſea,
is Mundefley, where ſome years ago, at a cliff , were
taken up ſome large bones (thought tobe of a Mon-
ſter) which were petrityd.
Upon the ſame coaſt more to the north, lyes Clay,
+. * 2 port memorable for the ſon and heir to the King
' of Scotland, being there intercepted An.1406. in his
Way to France, by the Sea-men of the place, who
made a preſent of him to King Henry che fourth.
[0] South-welt from hence, is Walſmgbam,famous
for che Monaſtery buile there by Richolde , a noble
widow, Lady of that manour, about 400 years be-
fore the diſſolution; . Spelman tells us, when he was
a child, there was a common ſtory, that King Hen-
ry 8. went baretoot thicher from Baſham ( a town
image from hence to Chelſey, where he took care
to have it burnt. | wo
Towards the Sea-ſide are caſt up all along lictle
hills, which were doubtleſs che burying places of the
Danes and Saxons, upon their engagements in thoſe
parts. Sepulchrum (ſays Tacitus concerning the Ger-
mans ) ceſpes erigit. Thoſe two us'd to bury the
whole body, and afterwards raiſe a hill upon ir; the
Romans ( as appears in Virgil by the burial of Me-
zentius) made their heap of turf; but, only buried
the aſhes ; ſo that whether they,alſo might not have
lome ſhare here ( eſpecially Brannodynum being ſo
near) cannot be diſcover d but by digging. How-
ever, Our Learned Knight from thoſe circumſtances,
has raisd thele three obſervations ; firſt, that the per-
ons bury'd hereabouts muſt have been heathens, be-
cauſe the Chriſtians 'follow'd the Jewiſh way of bu-
(coming tromtheSaxon bymgan andthart from beopy,
a bull) denotes a riſing ground, as well as the Latin
tumulare, yet this is to be reckon'd amongſt thoſe
many words which Chriſtians have borrow'd from
the Heathens, and apply'd to their own Rites and
Conſtitutions. Secondly, 'tis remarkable, that thoſe
parts which are now very fruitful in corn , were
Thirdly, that this muſt have been a ſcene of war
between the Danes and Saxons : for in the fields near
Creake there is a large Saxon Fortification, and the
way that goes from ir is to this day call'd blood-gare,
as a mark of the diſmal ſlaughter. Hereabouts is
alſo great plenty of the herb Ebulum, which the in-
habicants call Dane-blood, as if it were the product of
therr blood ſpilt here.
[ p] Upon the utmoſt part of the ſhore northward
by Cxſar ( Comment. de Bell. Gall. I. 2. ) Caftra in
altitudinem pedum 12. wallo foſ/ique duodewiginti pedum
munire juber. All the dimentions of it ſhow that ir
was not made in a hurry , but was regular and de-
ſign'd on purpoſe tor a ſtation upon that northern
ſhore, againſt the incurſions of the Saxons. It ſeems
to imply no more by the name than a town wpor
a river; for dunum ( as bepi and bupg in Saxon )
hgnifes as well a crown , as a hill 3 and che Britiſh
two we find confounded in the ſirname of Leofrick
the Saxon, who is ſometimes call'd Dominus de Brane,
and ſometimes de Burne. - Sir Henry Spelman tells us,
That there were ſeveral coyns dugg up there, of
which he had ſome brought him, as alſo ewo little
brazen pitchers.
call'd from Edmund King and Martyr, who being
by Offa made heir by adoption to the Kingdom of
the Eaſt-Angles, landed with a great attendance from
Germany, in ſome port not ' from hence, call'd
Maiden-boure, i. e. Thalamus Virgins. But which it
ſhould be is not ſo certain : Hecham is too little and
obſcure; nor does Burnham ſeem honourable or large
enough to receive ſuch a navy upon that occaſion
tho' it muſt be confeſsd that their ſhips in thoſe
eimes were but ſmall. Lew ſeems to lay the beſt
claim to it, both as che moſt eminent port, and be-
cauſe it is really Maiden-boure , St. Margaret the Vir-
gin being as it were the tutelary Saint of that place.
In honour of her, the Arms of the place are three
Dragons heads ( for ſhe is faid with a crofs to have
conquer'd a Dragon ) each wounded with a crofs.
And their publick Seal has the picture of the Virgin,
wounding the Dragon with a crols, and treading
him
lying South-weſt from hence) and offer'd a neck-lace Monile.
of great value to the Virgin Mary. + But in the ? Hr
zoth year of che ſame Henry , Cromwel carry'd her ©
rying | in low places. For though our word bury |! In foils.
then uncultivated ; * becauſe the Superſtition of the *cic.deLegi
Heathens would not allow them to bury in fields. ***
is Braxnodunum, where are the plain remains of a Brannodws
a Roman-camp, anſwering the figure of that deſcrib'd 5
bran, as well as burne , Ggnities a rivulet. Theſe *
[q] From hence weſtward is S. Edmunds-Cape ; 1o $.r4nmnge
OS Ke Sh >
WER DATE i lt IRS tt 4 BET lr tr te ear AF +. COD ITO EO TOE IE EE PE IN ISEITIY .
ICENTI
him under foot, with this inſcription round it ; Star
Marpareta, draco fugit, in cruce lata. |
[r] Down on the welt-ſide of this County lies
Hunſtan- Hunſtanſtone, * where King Edmund reſided near a
- 7 "RN whole year, endeayouring to get by heart David's
Icen. MS. Pſalms in the Saxon language. The very book was
religiouſly preſervd by the Monks of Sr. Edmund/-
gr till the general diſſolution of Monaſteries.
Ingleſthorp + Farther ſoutkward on the ſea-coalt lies Ingle/t horp, |
+ Lib. MS. 4 fo call'd from a village built there by one Ihgu/ph,
cited by Sir 4,, whom T7hboke the great Lord of theſe parts gave his
hp 9 only daughter in marriage : tho' perhaps it may be
as probably ferch'd from Ingo!, a little river which
runs into the ſea there,
['s ] Eaſt of Iglefthorp, at a little diſtance from the
unnnng ſhore, lies Sharneburne, whereof one Thoke was Lord
when Felix came to convert the Eaſt-Angles. Upon
his converſion to Chriſtianity, he built here a Church
dedicated to S. Petey and S. Paul. It was very little,
and ( according to the cuſtom of that age) made of
wood, for which reaſon it was call d Sreck-Chapel.
Our Author tells us, the Lord of this manour at the |
Conqueſt recover'd his eftate, which had been given |
to Warren by the Conquerour, in a legal Tryal. His
name was Edwin, a Dane, who came over with Ca-
wutw, An. 1014. and had it by marrying an heireſs
of Thokes family. It appears by a MS. quoted by |
Sir Henry Spelman, that his plea againlt Warren was,
That he had not been aiding or aſſiſting agamſt the King, |
direly or indiretly, either before, at, or after the Con-,
que#t ;- but all that while kept himſelf out of arms. And,
thus be was ready to prove whenever the King plear'd. |
{ t ] From hence towards Merſh\:nd, we go to
Len, for it is fally call'd Lyme; nor has it the name |
(as Mr. Camden imagines) from 4/n the Britiſh |
word, denoting the waters round it ; but, as Spel.
man affirms from Len, in Saxon a farm, Or tenure in
fee; fo Fanelhen among the Germans is the renwre or
= of a Baron; and Len Epiſcopi is the Biſhop's farm.
e farther obſerves ( tho' I could never meet with |
any fiach word amongſt our Engliſh Saxons ) that |
the word Len is. usd alſo in a more limited ſenſe by |
the Saxons to ſignitie Church-lands, and appeals to
the ſeveral names of places wherein that ſenſe of the
word holds. And farther, Ter-/en (it ſeems) in Welſh |
is Terra Eccle/ſis. After the original of the name, our
Author oblerves that there were two Lens, one,
Biſhop's Len, on the eaſt-ſide of Ouſe, and the other |
on the welt, King's Len ; whereas the firſt is both the |
Len-Reg i, and Epyſcopi. Till the time of K. Hen. 8.
it was Call d Len-Epiſcopi, as being in the hands of the
Biſhop of Norwich ; but chat King exchanging the
Monaftery of $S. Bennet of Halme and other lands with
the revenues of the Biſhoprick, this amongſt the reſt
came into the hands of the King, and ſo with the
poſſeflor chang'd it's name into Len- Regis.
[u] As to the Sword, there is no doubt but they
have ſuch a thing, tho? whether given by K. John is
very much to be queſtion'd. For firſt, they tell you
it was given from K. John's fide to be carry'd before
the Mayor, whereas he did nor grant them a Mayor,
but only a Prove#t | Prapoſitus ]; and the priviiege
of a Mayor was granted by K. Hen. 3. as a reward
for their good ſervice againſt the Barons in the Iſle
of Ely. Beſides, K. John's Charter makes no menti- |
on of the Sword ; fo that 'tis plain it was given by | the birth of Huber: Jalter, who being bred up under
Henry 8. who (after it came into his hands ) grant- | the famous Lord Chict Juſiice Glanville, became
ed the town ſeveral privileges, chang'd their Burgeſſes | Archbiſhop of Canterbury, Lord Chancellovr under
into Aldermen, and granted them a Sword ( whereof | K. Rich. 1. Legate ro Pope Cel:/tine 4. and Lord
Chief Juſtice of all England. The reſpe& he had ior
the place, oblig'd him to build a Religious-houle
I find a looſe paper of Sir Henry Spelman's, dated | there, wherein ( as a piece of gratitude for the manv
_ 15. 1630. to this purpoſe ; That he was then | favours. he had receiv'd) he order'd that they ſhould
urd by Mr. Tho. Kenet Town-Clerk of Len, that | conſtantly pray for the foul of his great patron, Ref»
expreſs mention is made in the Charter) to be car- |
Ty'd beiore their Mayor. |
a
one' Jobn Cooke the Sword-bearer about yo years
before. came to Mr. Ivory the School-maiter, and |
|
bearer carry'd the writing to one Cooke a goldimith,
and caus'd him to engrave it. So that by this ac-
count, whatever Inſcription of that nature may be
now upon it, is of no authority.
It hath ar preſent a very large Church with a high
Gm
——
fa. =
*
ſpire, built by Biſhop Herbert , || who alſo built the | 4+
Cathedral at Norwich, with the Church of Turmouth ©*
and Elmbam : and all this was done by way of pe.
nagce, after Symony had been charg'd upon him by
the See of Rome.
The town hath no freſh-water ſprings ; but is
lupply'd partly by a river from Gaywood ( the water
whereof is raisd by Engines, and from thence ſome
conduits in the town are ſupply'd ) and partly by
water convey'd in leaden pipes ; one from M1dd!l:-
ton about 3 miles, the other from Amin, about 2
miles off
{ w | From Lex we muſt paſs over the Ouſe into 11.
Merſhland, which is a Peninſula, being aimoit fur.
rounded with navigable rivers and an arm of the
fſea- The even ſuperticies, and other ciicumſtances,
ſeem to argue it's being formerly recover'd from the
ſea by the induſtry of the ancient inhabitants. In
| Mr. Camden's time it was ſo much expos'd to inun-
dations, that the beſt-contrivd banks could ſcarc:
preſerve it. And Sir Henry Spelman tells us, that
within his memory, there was ewo general over-
flows, one of ſale and the other of fieſh water. By
the latter (as appear'd upon oath taken before the
Commitſioners appointed to inſpect that affair, where-
of Sir Henry was one) the inhabitants ſuffer d 42005
pound damage. For the water did not then break
down the bank ( as at other times ) but ran over ir,
at leaſt a whole foot. They are within a few years
fallen upon an expedient, which 'tis hop'd will prove
a good defence to the moſt dangerous and weakeſt
parts; a ſubſtantial brick-wall with earth, which
(where it was well contriv'd) hath reſiſted two or
three years tides. If it continues, it may ſet a value
upon ſome eſtates, whoſe rents were almoſt annually
laid out upon the old way of imbanking.
The quantity of it is about 30000 acres, and the
foil turns to more account by graſs than corn. The
many ditches drawn through all parts of it, make it
look as it cut to pieces; and over them are no lcfs
than cxi. bridges. The whole inthe wideſt part, by
meaſure, is but 10 miles over.
[x | Thlney-Smeeth, is a plain ſo fruitful, that tho' it T
be not any way above 2 miles over, yet it ferves for *****
paſture to all the larger cattel belonging to the 7 vil-
lages ; and for 30coo ſheep beſides.
'y |] Leaving Merſbland, and crofling the Ouſc,
Downham lies 1n our way, fo calld from it's hilly fi- p;4.4.-
tuation ( for oun ſ:gnihes a bil, and ham a dwelling. )
In ſome old Records it is call'd Downehamr hithe, 1 Ce.
Downeham- port, referring to the river upon which ic
ſi, nds. The privilege of a Market belonging to this
place is of very ancient date, for it is contrm'd by
Edward the Confeſlor.
A little more northward is Stow-Bardolf, where © 3.-
Nicholas Hare built a ſtately houſe » but Hugh Hare, ***
brother to Nicholas, was he who fo much improv 'd
the eſtate ; and dying without marriage, left above
4ccoo pound between 2 nephews,
Not tar from hence lies We#-Dercham, famous for W353
de Glanwlla.
Farther northward, Rifirg is very rematkable; ſo aifrg
deii'd him, becauſe one ſide of the hilt of the town: | calid from the high hill chere. Upcn it is a callie,
ſword was p'ain, and without any inſcription, that | and a vaſt circular ditch ; the form wheieol ( accord-
he would dire&t how to engrave upon it, that King ing to Procopivs's deſcription ) anſwers the Gothick
John gave that Sword to the rown. Whereupon, he | manner of tortilying ; and tkeietore 'ris probably
cauſed the ſaid Thomas Kener, being then his icholar, | a work of the Nermans, who are deſcended tiom
to write theſe words, Enfis tic furr donum Regis Fo- | the Goths, The Saxons irdeed mcce their {eſſe cit-
bannis @ (uo ipfins latere datum ; alter which the Sword-
4
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|
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generally of greater circumfzrence. But the Ro- | Wal
mans alto ſeem to have had fomething of a fortifi-
cation here ; the ſhore being much exposd to py
maſters ;) and the place as ic were guarding and o-
verlooking one of the beſt harbours in thoſe parts.
Beſides, there was dug up near this place a coyn of
Conftamtine the Great, which Sir Henry Spelman lays
was brought him.
At a liccle more diſtance from the ſea, is Congbam,
honour'd with the birth of Sir Henry Spelman, that
great Oracle of Law, Patron of the Church, and
glory of England.
More inwards is Rowg barn, the feat of the 7elvertons,
of whom William under Hen. 6. Chriſtopber under
Qu. Elizabeth, and Henry under K. Charles x. were
Lord Chief Juſtices of England.
y) Next is Babbingley; whither Felix, the Apoſtle
of the Eaſt-Angles, coming about the year 630.
converted the inhabitants to Chriſtianiry, and built
che firſt Church in thoſe parts, whereof fucceeding
ages made S. Felix the patron. Some remains of this
aſſage are ſtill found in the adjoyning mountains
call'd Chriſtien-bills ; and in Flitcham, a neighbour-
ing place, which imports as much as tbe village or
dwelling-place of Felix.
bt hemoring
ſouth-eaſt, Narburgh lies in our way ; the termina-
cion whereof ſeems to ſuggeit fomething of Antiqui-
ey, and the place it ſelf aniwers the name. For there
is an old Fortification, and from hence to Oxb
has been a milztary foff, tho' it be now levell'd in fome
places. Bur what puts it beyond diſpute is, that
Sir Clement Spelman, contriving an Orc at the
foot of the hill, digg'd up the bones of men in great | ;
abundance, and likewiſe old pieces of armour.
[cc] Upon the north-fide of the Hier, Rtands Elm-
hem, which till within theſe two ages was never un-
der the juriſdiction of any ſecular Lord. For under
the Heathens, *cis faid to have been the habitation of
a Flamin, and after their converfion to Chriſtiani
by Felix, it came into the n of the Biſhops.
The See was firſt at Dumwich, but when it was
thought too great for the management of one, ir
was divided into ewo Dioceſes, the one to reſide at
Dunwich for Suffolk, and the other at Elmbam for
Nortoik.
(dd ] Direftly fouth is Ea#-Dereham, call'd alfo |
Market. Dereham, which having been almoſt all burnt
to the ground, 15 now rebuilt into a fair town; and
ra-
cies ( wherein che Saxons ſhow'd themſelves great
from the ſea-coaft towards the {
| /ingham-way, being the road for the pilgrims to
| the Lady of Walfmgbeam. And about a mile from
the town, north, is another like it from Hockwoldand
Wilton, upon which are two ſtump croſles of ſtone,
ſuppoſed to be ſet there for direRion to the pilgrims.
Continuation of the EARLS and DUKES.
By the Attainder of the laſt 7homas, the title of
Duke of Norfolk being \taken away, Philip his eldeſt
ſon was call'd only Earl of Arundel, by deſcent from
his mother : and he being attainted of High-Treaſon
for favouring the Popiſh party, had the ce of
death paſs'd upon him ; bur his execution being for-
born, he dy'd in the Tower An. 1595. His fon and
only child Thomas was created Earl of Norfolk Jun. 6.
20 Car. x. and dy'd at Padua An. 1646. leaving two
ſons, Henry and Thomas, whereof Henry ſucceeded
his father ; and he likewiſe was fu by Thomas
his eldeſt fon in his Titles of Earls of Arundel, Surrey,
and Norfolk, who at the humble petition of ſeveral
of the Nobility, was May 8. 13 Car. 2. reſtor'd to
the ticle of Duke of Norfolk. hich is now, among
others, enjoy'd by Henry Howard, Earl Marſhal of
England.
More rare Plants growing wild im Norfokl.
Atriplex maritima noſtras Ocimi minoris folio.
\ Sea-Orrache with ſmall Baſil leaves. Found by Dr. Pluke-
wygh | net near Kings Lynne.
Acorus verus five Calamus Officinarum Park. The
ſweet-ſmelling Flag or Calamws. Obſerved by Sir Thomas
Brown in the river Yare near Norwich. See the Synonymes
m Surrey.
Lychnis viſcola flore muſcoſo C. B. Seſamoides Sa-
lamanticum —_—
major Park. Muſcipula muſcoſo flore ſeu Ocymoi-
des Belliforme F. B. Spaniſh Catchfly. By the way-ſides
all along as you travel from Barton.mills to Thafmrd, plen-
Ky | rzfully.
ia ramola fluviatilis. Branched river-fponge.
In the river Tare near Norwich.
Turritis Ger. vulgatior F. B. Park. Braflica ſylve-
ſtris foliis integris & hiſpidis C. B. Tower-muff ard. bn
the _ about the mid-way between Norwich and Yar-
mouth.
Verbaſcum pulverulentum flore luteo parvo F. B.
an mas foliis anguſtioribus, floribus pallidis - C. B,
Hoary Mullein. About the walls of Norwich.
Vermicularis frutex minor Ger. Shrub Stonecrop.
Hingham, another market town not far from it, hath
had both the {fame diſcale and cure.
ſee] About 4 miles from Ic-burrough lies Waning,
near Brandon-ferry ; wherein is an old waſted caſt
moated about ; and at a mile's diſtance eaſtward, is a
hill with certain ſmall trenches or ancient fortificati-
ons, call'd Gznes-graves, of which name the inhabitants
can give no account. On the weſt-ſide of this place,
from che edge of the Fen ariſes a bank and ditch,
which running on for fome miles, parts chat bound
of Weerig from Wilton and Felrwell ; and is call'd
This was ſhew'd ws by Sir Thomas Brown of Norwich,
who bad it the ſea-coaft of Norfolk. See the Syno-
nymes in G Ire.
Urtica Romana Ger. Park. Roman Netth. At Yar-
mouth by the lanes ſides not far from the Key.
N. Trovelling from Lynne 10 Norwich, 1 obſerved
the way fide not far from Norwich the Medica ſylveſtns
J. B. which 5s wſually with @ yellow flower, and therefore
called by Cluſius Medica fruteſcens flavo flore, ts wary
in the colour , and to become purpliſh like the
the Foſs. ;
In the fields of Weeting, is a fine green way, calld
be
Burgundy AA 2 Som fre
J— —__
- = _—
—
_ — —
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
ORE into the Country lies the
County of Cambridge, by the Saxons
call'd * Gpentbpigg-xcype , and by
the common people Cambridge-ſhire 3;
ſtretch'd lengthways to the north.
It borders upon Norfolk and Suffolk
on the eaſt, Eſſex and Hertfordſhire on the ſouth, Bed.-
ford and Hwuming don Shires on the welt, and Lincolnſhire
on the north : the river Ouſe running from welt to
eaſt, croſſes, and divides it into two parts. The ſouth
—
| and lower part is more improv'd, better planted,
and conſequently
plain, but not quite level, chiefly, or indeed wholly
( ſerting aſide. that part which plentifully produces
Saffron) confiſting
with the beſt Barley, of which they make great quan- =
tities of Byne or Malt, by ſteeping it cill ic ſprout 5/75, %*-
again, then drying it over a Kiln : and this ferves us
to make Beer of. The inhabitants drive a gainful
trade with this into the neighbouring Counties. The
more rich and fertil; ſufficiently
of Corn-tields, abundanely ftor'd
a Grant, brycg [oor
—
Cc north
Ger. Mulcipula Salamantica |
—_—
i 9A 124 l
WORE BR 5 ag A PA rf ae" OBS.” > ns 1 p- bh Wap Wo 4 O20
pron ml heh <-_ $i" 2
Jo » 4 foam _ SIE. eg be -y - CE IESs> 6 2 - > 4.x (9.4
AE tf Loos Sees want
F
taSaagh WG 6.290
—_ w . - 4 »
A AT ws 9 Ar SI OI Song” Oy Era
tne ORE AAR mar rs penn 4”
jor-j%72- but of no antiquity ; * which we ſpoke of before :
a_— —— _———.
—_—
ICEN I,
T4
—
part of it { a],
One of the Roman high-ways (call'd Erming-ſtreat
in the E/y-book)runs along the welt-ſide of the lower
Sec Hir%= a town on the borders of this County, of ſome note,
north and farther part, by reaſsn of the floods, fens, | the other part upon his own College, call'd King's in
and the many itlands made by rive:s, is calld the Je | Cambridge ; which rown is cither a part or a ſptig £364,
of Ely ; abounds with rich paſtures, exceeding freih | ol the ancient Camboritum, 'tis 10 nighit inname and
and pleaſant, bur however ſomewhat hollow and | fituation. Nor am I apt to believe that Cam wasever
tpungy, by reaſon ot the waters that undermine it; rurn'd out of Graxr,tor this would look like a changs too
which ſometimes overfiow, and drown the greateſt | torc'd and ftrain'd, where all the letters are lott but
| one... I ſhould rather think thar the common people
R-yſtoz part, and carries usdiretly to Hwntingdor, by Roy#on, | >axon word * Grantbridge. This City , the other U-
; verſity, the other Eye, and Stay of che Kingdom,
had kept to the old name of Camboritum, or the river
Cam, though indeed writers more commonly uſe the
this excellent Magazine of all good Licerature and
Religion, ſtands on the river Cam, which after it has
moſt pleaſantly ſprinkVd its welt ſide with ſeveral little
Iſfles,turns to the eaſt,divides it into ewo parts; fo that
'tis joynd by a bridge, which hath given it that new
name of Cambridge. Beyond the bridge there is a
large old caſtle (which may now ſeem to have con:
to its laſt thred) and Magdalen-College. On this fide
the bridge (where lyes the far greatelt part of the
town) there's a plealant proſpect of the torm of the
Streets, of the number of Churches, and of ſixteen
tair Colleges, the Muſes facred Manſions, wherein
great numbers of worthy learned men are maintain'd,
and whe:e the Studies of Arts and Languages fo
Caxton. and likewiſe through Caxton, formerly the Baronage
of Stephen de Eſchallers, from whoſe poſterity it de-
ſcended to the Frevi#s in the time of Henry 3. and
from them by the Burgoins to the Fermins. Nor 1s
Gamlmghay far off, the habitation formerly of the
Avenclls, whole whole eſtate fell by marriage to that
ancient family of S:.George ; a family that tince Hen-
ry 1. has produc'd many worthy Knights, who liv d
Hatley St. ar Hatley, from them call'd Hatley St.George.
Jo More weſtward there is a little river which runs
through the middle of this part from South to North,
ro mix with the Ouſe ; beginning at Aſbwell, and pal-
2939. fng with many windings by Shengay ( where are the
; moſt pleaſant meadows of the County ) formerly a
+tACwm
mandc: y+
bury, and wife of F. de Raines, in the year 1130. a
Bunce. little way off Burne-caltle, which was anciently the
rp Barony of one Ficor >herift of this County, and allo
a. Of the Peverills, by one of whoſe daughters the In-
Hitt. heritance and Honours fell to G:/her; Peche ; the laſt
of which family, after he had advanc'd his ſecond
wife's children, made King Edward the fir{t his heir.
In thoſe days the Englith Nobility brought up the an-
Th: King
heir to pit-
Vate pile
1172S.
making their Princes heirs whenever they were' our
of favour. This Caſtle was burnt down in the Barons
war in Henry the third's time, fet on fire by one Rs.
bald de In{ula,or UIſie ; and at the ſame time Waker of
Cortenham, a grzat -man, was hang'd for rebellion.
It's uncertain how former writers have call'd this ri-
ver; ſome by the name of Grant, but others Cam,which
to me ſeems moſt probable, becaule *ris fo crooked ,
for the Brictiſh word Cam ſignifies as much , whence
a crooked river in Cornwal 1s call'd Came! ; and''alto
C4»:69/i- becauſe old Camboritum ( a town mehtion'd by Anro-
2 164 in in his third Journey in Britain ) ſtood upon it,
as I am almoſt perſ{waded both by its diſtance ana
name, and alſo the great number of Roman coins
found nigh the bridge. For Camboritum ſngnities a
TOI ford over Cam, or a crooked ford ; the 'word r:tb in the
nification m Britiſh language ſignitying a ford, I mention this,that
Sin and che French may better underſtand che meaning of
aulifh. +0 Y
Auguſtoritum, Darioritum , Rithomags , and the like,
in their own Country. However the Saxons had ra- | ſha
Grancc/ſter. ther uſe Gpane-ceaprepn and Gnone-cearrep for- our
Camboritum and though it retains this name till, I
can't find the derivation .of it. To- derive it from
The mear- the Saxon word * Grin, a'tenny place , might be a
ig of Gron. , :
miſtake ; and yet Af{crias more than once has calfd
ſome fenny grounds in Somerſerſhire, Grownas paluis-
ſiſſimas, which is a mixture of Saxon and [Latin ; and
cis well known thart,a city in Het-Friezland, in the
like ſituation, is call'd CGroneimgen.
aiter the Erymology of it. About the year 700, the
was, laith Bede,a little dcfolate city when he cell us,that
ju#t by its walls was found a lutle trough or coffin of
white marble delicately wroug bt, with a lid of the {ame,
mot exattly fitted for it. Now 'ts a ſmall village, part |
whereof Henry Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, gave to his ba-
ſtard-ſon Henry, upon condition thar all his poſterity
(which have been long ſince extinRt) ſhouid take no
cient Romancuſtom in the time of their Emperors,of
" + Praceptory of the Knights Templars, given by | termd the very fountains of all Licerature , Reli.
$1by1 daughter of Roger Aont-gomery Earl of Shrews- | gion, and Learning , which molt tweetly ſcatter
Eur let others hunt.
mightily fouriſh, chat they may deſervedly be
their wholefom ſtreams through all the Gardens both
of Church and State. Noris there any thing want-
ing that is requird in a moſt flouriſhing Univerſity,
were not the Air a little too groſs by reaſon of its
fenny ſituation. But perhaps the tirſt founders of ir
in this place, were of Plato's opinion, who being of
a ſtrong conſtitution himſelt,mads choice of the Aca-
demy for his ſtudies, a very unwholeſom place in
Attica, the better to keep under the ſtubborneſs of
the body, that it might not too much clog the brain.
However , our Anceſtors, men of ſingular wiſdom,
have dedicated this place to their learned ſtudies
not without divine direction, and have adorn'd it
with many noble buildings.
That we may not ſeem guilty of the worſt fort Cz:
of ingratitude to theſe eminent Patrons of Learning,
or ( to uſe Eumeniws's words ) thoſe Parents of our
Children, let us briefly out of the Cambridge Hiſtory
make mention of themſelves,and their Colleges,conle-
crated to good literature and their own laſting fame.
The ſtory goes that Cantaber a Spaniard, 375 - years
before Chriit, firſt founded this Univerſity, and that
Sebert K. of the Eaſt-Angles reſtor'd it in the year of
our Lord 630. Afterwards it was a longtime neglected,
and lay bury'd in the Daniſh troubles,rill all chingsr e-
viv'd under the Norman Government, Soon: after,
* Inns, Hoſtels, and Halls were buile for Students, ſinC
tho' ſtill without any Endowments. Burt Hugh Bal-
» Biſhop of Ely, founded the tirſt College, call'd
Peter-houſe, in the year 1284. and endow'd it | b }.
Whoſe example was imitated by theſe following per-
fons ;| Richard Badew, with the . help of the Lady
Elizabeth Clare Counteſs of Ulſter, founded Clare-
bell, in the year 1340|c]. The Lady Mary St. Pau!
Countels of Pembroke , Pembroke-ball, in' the year
1347 (d| ; the Society of Friers in Corpa-Chri/tt ,
Corpas-Chriiti, call'd allo Sr. Benet*s-College, in the year
1345. |e]; William Bateman Biſhop of Norwich, Tr:-
nity-ball, about the year 1353[f |; Edmund Gorew::
in the year 1348, and Fohbn Cairs Dr. of Phytick in
our time, Gomez] and Caius-College | g | ; Henry the
{:-venth King of England , K:g's Celcge , with a
Chapel delervedly reckon'd one of the tineſt build-
ings in the world, in the year 1441 [h]; the Lady
Margaret of Anjou his wile, Queen's Coltege , in the
; year 1448 [i]; Robert Woodlark, Katherine-ballyin th!
other name but Herry. King Henry the ſixth of the | year 1459 [k | ; Fohn Alcocke Biſhop of Ely, 7e/w-
Houſe of Lancaſter, and heir to Lacie's eftate, ſetcled |) College , in the year 1497 | 1; The Lady Margaret
—
—
+ *Tis partly in Hartfordſhire, and partly in this County,
G/at anos) ge, Gra *abricge, and Grantebr! 42
* Groma, Hovd.fol. 251. & Flor. Wigornienſ.fol. 402.
4 cx a Liſt of them in Fller's Anriquitzes of this Uuvertuy, p.26.
— — — "— ——
e Ir is calld in Saxon
fAbeve Caxton brjore-mention'd us Eltciley,, where was in elder Ager a Religieus Houſe of holy Firg ins, amorg whom was celebs ated the merrtan
memory of 94117 Pandionia, whe daughter of a Scot
King, as the iraaition 1s.
i ut long jance they nerve tronſiat.d io Hinchintroke, 14 4399
above tirctiey was rhe Pricry of Swaſey, formed for black aints by Alan la Zavch, brorter to the View of Ret.an in the Liffcr Pritarn and Was i"
eemmon jejiitire a i ng tine fur the family of Z.uch.
7
Co.n-
kw!
kat!
texy.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
406
Counteſs of Richmond , and mother to Henry the
ſeventh, Chri#F-College [ m}], and St. Fobn's, about the
year 1506, now tairly — with new build-
inzs[n]; Thomas Awdley Lord Chancellor of Eng-
land, Magdalen-College, in the year 1542, fince en-
Iirg'd and endaw'd by Sir Chriſtopher Wrey Lord Chief
Juſtice of England [0]; the high and mighty Prince
Henry the eighth, Trinity-College, in the year 1546,
out of three others , Sr. Michael's College , buile by
Herwie of Stanton in Edward the ſecond's days ; King 5-
hall, founded by Edward the third ; and Eſbwick's.
Ho/tel. That the Students might have a more delight:
tul habitation, this College is now repair'd, or rather
new-b.ilt with that ſplendour and magnificence , by
the great care of T. Newill its worthy Maſter, and Dean
of Canterbury, that it is now for ſpaciouſneſs, for uni-
tormity and beauty in the buildings, ſcarce inferiour
to any in Chriſtendom; and he himſelf may be
counted truly Msy2aomgems, in the judgment even of
the greateſt Philoſopher , for negleRing private In-
cereits, and laying out ſuch large ſums on the pub-
lick[p 1. I cannot but congratulate our preſent age,and
o'17 leives too, in reſpect of ingenuous Learning, and
11 that worthy and prudent man Sir Walter Mildmay,
one of the Queen's honourable Privy-Council, who
has tounded a new Collegededicated to Emanuel [95
and in the Lady Frances Sidney Counteſs of Suſſex | r |,
who by her laſt Will gave a Legacy of five thouſand
pound to the founding of a College to be call'd
S1dney-Suſſex, which is now quite finilh'd ['$].
I ſhall ſay nothing of the Monaſteries and Religi. | pr
ous Houſes, ſince they were but of ſmall note , ex-
cept it be Barmwel- Abby, which Sir Payne Peverell a
{1mous Soldier and Standard bearer to Robert Duke of
Normandy in the holy-war,in Henry the firſts reign,
remav'd - Syn St. Gules's Church ( the place of Picor
the Sheriffs Inſtitution of Secular Prieſts ) to this
place, and brought in 3o Monks, according to the
years of his age at that time. If you pleaſe you may
tind the reaſon of its name in the private Hiſtory of
this place. Payne Peverell obtain'd a grant of Henry 1.
for a ſpot of ground without the Burrough of Cambridge ;
in the midſt of it were extraordinary clear fountains or
wells, in Engliſh call'd Barnwell, that « , the Wells of
Children, or Barns, as they were then call'd , for young
men and boys met once @ year upon St. John's Eve for
wreſtling and the like youthful exerciſes, according to the
cuſtoms of the land, and alſo to make merry togetber with
ſinging and other muſick. Now by thu means (the concourſe
ſtom for a great many buyers and ſellers to repair hither at
the ſame time ©.
Tho' Cambridge was conſecrated to the Muſes, yet
it has not always eſcap'd the furies of Mars; for when
the Danes ravag'd up and down, they often took
Winter-quarters here : and in the year 1010, when
Sueno the Dane had with a deſperaie rage born
down all before him, neicher it's Fame nor the Muſes
could prote& it, (tho' we read that Athens met with
a better fare from $y/la,) but it was all barbarouſly laid
in Aſhes. However, at the firſt coming in of the
Normans it was reaſonably well peopl'd; for we find
in William the Conquerour's Domeſday-book, that
the Burough of Grentbridge is divided into ten Wards, and
contains 387 dwelling-houſes, but 18 - an were ry
down to build the Caſtle [t], when William 1. deter-
min'd to ere& Caſtles in all parts , to be a curb to
his new-conquer'd Engliſh | u |]. It likewiſe ſuffer'd
very much afterwards in the Barons wars by thoſe
Ourt-la'zs from the Iſle of Ely; therefore Henry 3. to
put a ſtop to their incurſions, order'd a deep ditch
to be thrown up on the Eaſt-ſide of the town, which
ſtill goes by the name of / King's-ditch. Here pofli-
bly ſome may ſecretly expe to hear my opinion
concerning the antiquity of this Univerſity ; but PII
not meddle in the caſe, nor am I willing to make a-
verſities, which have none to rival them that I know
of. I'm afraid thoſe have built caſtles in the air that
have made Cantaber the founder of this Univesſity ,
immediately after the building of Rome, and long
before Chriſt's time ; ſtraining the antiquity be-
yond all probability. This is undeniable, let its ori-
ginal be when ic will, that it began at laſt to be a
Nurſery for Learning about the reign of Henry r.
which appears by an old Appendix of Peter Bliſenf
to Ingulph. Abbot Joffred ſent over ro has manour of Teffred
Copcnhan nigh Cambridge, Giſlebert bu —_ 2
Divimity-Profeſſor, with three other Monks, who fol- Crowland
low'd him into England , well furniſh'd with Philoſophical ''**
Theorems and other primitive Sciences, and daily repair d to
Cambridge : there they hir'd a publick barn, made open
profeſſion of their Sciences, and in a little time drew a
great number of ſcholars together. In le than two years
time , their number mcreas'd ſo much, from the country as
well as town, that there was never a Houſe, Barn, or
Church big enough to hold them all. Upon which they
diſpers d themſelves in ſeveral parts of the town , imitating
the Univerſity of Orleans. For ſoon in the morning, Frier
Odo an excellent Grammarian and 'Satyrick-Poet , read
Grammar to the boys and younger ſort , according to the
Do&rine of Priſcian and Remigius upon bim. At one
of clock, 'Terricus a ſubtile Sophifter, read Ariſtotle's
Logick to the elder ſort, according to Porphyry's and A-
verroe's Introduttions and Comments. At three of clock,
Frier William read Le&ures in Tully's Rhetorick and
Quincilian's Flores ; and Giſlebert the principal Maſter
each'd to the people upon all Sundays and Holr-doye
Thus from this (mall fountain we ſee large flowing ſtreams,
making glad the City of God, and enriching the whole
king dom by many Maſters and Teachers, coming out of
Cambridge as from the boly Paradice, &C.
Concerning the time when it was firſt made an U-
niverſity, Robert of Remington ſhall ſpeak for me. + bs
the reign of Edward 1. Grantbridge from a School was
made an Univerſity like Oxiord, by the Court of Rome.
But why dol fo inconſiderately run into the liſts,
where two ſuch learned old men have formerly en-
counter'd ? to whom I freely deliver up my arms,
and pay all the reſpe& and bonour I am able, to ſuch
venerable perſons. Cambridge Meridian is 23 -p 4
and 25 min. from the weſt ; © and the Arch of the
ſame Meridian, between the Equator and Vertical
point, is 2 degr. and 11 min. |W] *.
ny compariſons between our two flouriſhing Uni- |
Hard by Cambridge to the South-Eaſt , are certain
high hills, by the Students call'd Gogmagog-bills, by g
of boys and girls, that met bere for [port ) it grew a c- | Henry of Huntingdon, the matt pleaſant bulls of Bal- H
ſham, from a village at the foot of them, where, as
he ſays, the Danes committed all the Barbaricies ima-
if, 26%S
ginable. On the top of all I faw there a fort of ,s,...
conſiderable bignels, ſtrengehned wich a threefold
crench , and impregnable in thoſe days, according
to the opinion of ſeveral pudicious warriors, were it
not for its want of water ; and ſome believe it was
a Summer retreat either of the Romans or the Danes.
This ſeems to be the place that Gerwaſe of Tilbury
calls Vandelbiria ; Below Cambridge, lays he, there was Wandlesbu:
a place calbd Vandelbiria, becauſe the Vandals when they ry.
ruin'd ſome parts of Britain , and cruelly deſtroy'd the Chri-
ſtians, did there encamp themſelves ; pitching their tents
upon the rap of a little bill , where lyes a plain ſurrounded
with trenches, with only one entrance,and that like a gate.
As for his Martial Ghoſts walking here, which he
mentions, 1 ſhall ſay nothing of them, becauſe it looks
like a fooliſh idle ſtory of the fantaſtick Mob.It's none
of our buſineſs, as one ſays, totickle mens ears with
plauſible ſtories [x]. In a valley nigh theſe hills lyes
Salfton, which fell to Sir Foby Newill Marquels- of $liton,
Meont-acute , from the Burghs of Burgh-green, b
Walter de la Pole and the Ingalthorps; and by his daugh-
ter the ſole heireſs, to the Huddleſtons, who liv'd here
in great credit.
ore Eaſtward we meet with Hilderſbam, belong-
ing formerly to the Buflers , but now by marriage to
—
= — OC —
— —— — —_—_—
* Now it is commonly call'd M:dſummer-Fair.
the name ir ſelf ſcems clean forgorren among the Inhabitants.
s cal*d Univerſit as Scolarium
2 Cam fom Cambridge continuing his courſe by Waterbeach, an ancient ſeat of Nuns, | :
ſom:what higher, but i healMfuler, LA a low ground he hath ſpread 4 Mere, aſſeciateth himſelf with the river O.ic.
little remains of this Ditch |
Aremotmmagy * Le lnrhed Selden (MSS. Notes) has obſcry'd that in Par.52.Hen.3. memb.zx. ic
s According to later computation, about 52 degr. a
(houſes being built on both ſides of it,) and
about 17 minutes.
which Lady Mary S. Paul tranſlated from thence ro Denny
GLSA the
and 7
9 fr ab
fit OHA es as ve IH re A IRA ar fre ne I ee halt , FTP
Lee ern ton. - %. — —_— "_ — WY oO - -
> "—_— ——— A rat _ —
407
= 8 5 6, .* © Bl
-”— ———
HuShcath.
Caltle-
Camps.
Cameraria
Anglir,
Lord grear
Cnamber-
lain.
Flems-dyke
and others,
Sturbridge-
Fair.
Ditches.
Fleam-
ditch.
[! De rubeo
monte.
Devils-
ditch.
Abo dy'd
in the year
1002. Sg e-
bertis. © a-
nuts be-
gan his
rcign in
1018,
the Pariſes; and next to the Woods ſtands Horsbeath, | the Oaſe as far as the Nerth fens, and that Athelwolf the
which is known for many Deſcents to belong to the | Rebe!, and Evhric the Dane were killed im the ſame battel.
ancient and noble families of the Argentons and Arling- | Bur the writers ſince Canute have call'd it Sr. Edmund's
zens, which 1 mention'd in another place; and is | Liberty, and Sr. Edmund's Ditch, ſuppoſing that Canute
now the ſeat of the latter. Next this lies Ca/le-camps, | made it, becauſe a moſt devout adorer ot St. Edmund
the ancient ſeat of the Yeres Earls of Oxford, beld by | the Martyr,who(to make amends for his father Swane's
Huzhb Vere (fays the old Inquiſition records ) that be horrid cruelty to them) had granted to the Religious
might be Chamberlain to the King. However, 'tis moſt | of St. Edmundsbury vaſt privileges, as far as this ve-
certain that Hen. 1. granted this Office to Aubry de | ry Ditch : whence William of Malmesbury, in his
Vere, in theſe words, Chief Chamberlain of England | book of Prelates, ſays, That the Cuſtom-Officers in
in fee, an! heredtarily with all the powers, privileges, | other places fall out madly without conſidering right cr
and honours belonging thereto, with as much freedom and | wrong ; but on thu ſide St. Edmund's Ditch the mode#t
worſhip as ever Robert Mallet held it, CC. However, | Suppliants immediately put a ſtop to all quarrels. Sure
the Kings at their own pleaſure have appointed fome- | enough thele ewo lalt mentiond Bulwarks were calld
times one, and ſometimes another, to execute this | St. Edmwnd's Duches ; for Matthew Florilegus de-
Office 3. Not far off there are the remains of thole | clares, that the battel againſt Athelwolf was fought
great and large Ditches which were undoubtedly | between St. Edmund's ewo Ditches.
thrown up by the Ealt-Angles to prevent the incur- | Nigh Rech, lies Burwell, where was a Caſtle, which g..,,
ſions of the Mercians, who frequently ruin'd all be- | in thoſe troubleſome times of K. Stephen was bravely
fore them. The firſt begins at Hinge/ton, and runs! attack'd by Geoftry | Mandevil Earl of Eſſex (a per- ||:
eaſtward by Hilderſham towards Horsheath for 5 miles | fon who loſt much honour by his unjuſt invaſion of ***
together. The ſecond, next to it, call'd Brent-Dirch,| others rights ) till an arrow pierc'd his head, and
runs from Melborne by Fulmer. But 'tis now time to | freed thoſe Countries from their tedious jealouſies.
return, and leave theſe and the like frontier-fences to | Scarce two miles off, ſtands Lanbearh, tor many
be ſpoke of in their proper places. years the ſeat of that wortt,y tamily of Knights the
Nigh Cambridge to the ealt, by a ſmall brook call'd | Cortons *: and a little off chat, lies I{:ham, a town 11:1.
Sture, yearly in September, there is the moſt famous | formerly belonging to the Bernards, which came to
Fair kept in all the Kingdom, both for reſort of | 'em by marriage with the knighely family of che
(p= 3
34
4
people and quantity of goods. Juſt by ic, where the | Peyrons, from whoſe male line ſprang the Ufords (the p.y:-;
ways were exceeding troubleſome and almoſt impal- | ſame which producd the Ufords Earls of Suffolk ) as
ſable, that worthy right-honeſt Gentleman * G. Herwy | appears by their Coats of Arms ; tho? indeed they
Doctor of Laws and Maſter of Trinity-Hall in Cam- | took the ſirname of Peyton, according to the cuſtoms
bridge, with vaſt charge, out of a pious and Jaudable | of thole times, from Peyron a little cown in Suffolk,
deſign, has lately made a very fair rais'd Cauley, for | their feat for many years.
about 3 miles long, leading to New-marker. Upon the ſame Ditch ſtands Kirtling, likewiſe Ki:
At * end of this Cauley there is a third Ditch, | call'd Ca:l;dg, now remarkable for the principal ſeat
PF,
o
thrown up in old time, beginning at the eaſt ſide of | of the Barons North, of which Edward North was the Bros
the Cam, which runs by Femn-Ditron (or rather Ditchton | firſt, whom Queen Mary, for his merits, inveſted FR
from the foremention'd Dztch, ) between great Wil-| with that ticle. It is famous for an ancient Synod
berham and Fulburn as far as Balſham. Art preſent it is | held here, when the Clergy had a mighty conteſt $--
commonly call'd Seven-mile-Dyke, becauſe it lies ſeven | about the celebration of Eaſter | þ,
miles from New-marker; formerly call'd Fleam-Dyke, | The upper and north part of «
as much as to fay OO, as it ſeems from ſome | divided into river-ifles ( branch'd out by the many *1-
remarkable flight at this place. The ſame Wilberbam, | flowings of ditches, chanels, and drains,) which all 7
anciently Wilburgham, was formerly the feat of the | fummer long afford a moſt delightful green proſped;
Barons L Iſle of || Rongmount, a very ancient family, of | but in winter-time are almoſt all laid under water,
which one Fohn for his brave behaviour in war, was| farther every way than a man can ſee, and in ſome
made one of the firſt Knights of the Garter by Edw. 3. | fort reſembling the ſea it ſelf.
1is Shire is all over 71. 5;:,
There is now an heir-male of the ſame family, a reve- | The inhabicants of this and the reſt of the fenny 67:.
rend old man, with a gocd ſtock of children, nam'd Cy ( which reaches 68 miles from the borders
Edmund L' Iſle, f\ill Lord of this place. of Suffolk to Wainflet in Lincolnſhire, containing
- Five miles more inward to the eaſt, isthe 4th For-, ſome millions of acres in the four Counties of Cam-
tification or Ditch, with a Rampart, the largeſt of | bridge, Huntingdon, Northampton, and Lincoln )
all, call'd * Devils-Dyke by the common People, be- | were call'd Giri in the time of the Saxons ; that is,
cauſe they look upon it as a work of Devils rather | according to ſome mens explanation, Fen-men ; a
than Men , and Rech- Dyke by others, from Rech a | ſort of people ( much like the place) of brutilh un-
little market-town at the beginning of it. — civiliz'd tempers, envious of all others, whom they
leſs this is the ſame that Abbo Floriacenſis ſpeaks of | term Upland men, and uſually walking aloft upon a
in his Deſcription of the Eaſt-Angles, From the ſame | ſort of {tilts : they all keep to the buſineſs of grazing,
part where the Sun declines to the we#t this Province joyns | filhing, and fowling. All this Country in the win-
70 the reFt of the Iſland, and conſequently there's a clear | ter-time, and ſometimes tor the greatelt part of the
paſſage ; but to prevent the enemies frequent incurſions, it | year, 15 laid under-water by the rivers Ouſe, Grant,
is defended by a bank like a lofty wall, and a deep Ditch. | Nen, Welland, Glene, and Witham , for want of
This, for many miles rogerther, croſſes that plain lufficient paſlages. Bur when they once keep to
that goes by the name of Newmarket Heath, a place | their proper chanels, it ſo ſtrangely abounds with a
moſt liable to invaſions, beginning at Rech, beyond | rich graſs and rank hey (by them calld Ld) thar
which the Country is fenny and impaſſable, and end- | when they've mown enough for their own uſe, in
ing juſt by Cowl:dge, where the woods ſtop all march- | November they burn up the reſt, to make it come
es. It was then the bounds of th: Kingdom, as well | again the thicker. About which time a man may ſee
as of the Biſhoprick of the Ea#?- Angles. Ir is uncer-| all the mooriſh Country round about of a light fire,
tain who was the founder of ſuch a mighty work ; | to his great wonder. Beſides, it aftords great quan-
later writers aſcribe it to K. Canute the Dane, tho'| cities of Turf and Sedge for firing, Reeds for thatching ;
in truth 4bbo, who mentions it, dy'd before Canure | Elders alſo and other water- ſhrubs, eſpecially Willows
began his reign ; and che Saxon Chronicie, where it | either growing wild, or eife ſer on the banks of rivers
treats of Athelwolf's Rebellion againſt Edward the
Elder, calls it fimply the Ditch. Ir ſays, that King
j4 -
be
2 11e Earls of Oxford alſo ( that I may note it incidently) by the beir of R Sandford held the m anonr: of Fingrey and Wi lfelmeftcn br Sericonty
of Chan b rain hip ? o the Cucens of the Coronation of therr Kings. * Pim which Wicken # n* for i'fraut s Which come 10 the fomi 'y of FRE
Peytons by # d2:tgntr ard iekeir o toe Gernms, abe:'t Enp. foe,
4.
f are
p- - M-
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”
CAMBRIDGE SHIRE.
are made, both here and in other places : and becauſe
che Britains call'd 'em Baskades, | here obſerve by
che by, that I don't underſtand Martial in that place
of his Apophorera, if he does not mean theſe :
Barbara de pits weni Baſcauda Britanns,
Sed me jam mavult dicere Roma ſuam.
From Britain's fartheſt Iſle the Baskets come,
Which now are challeng'd, as her own, by Rome.
Beſides theſe, there grow large quantities of Scordi-
um or Water-Germander, upon the banks of Ditches.
As for theſe fenny Iſles, Felix, an ancient writer, has de-
{crib'd them thus ; There is a wonderful large Fen, beg in-
ning at the banks of the river Gront, overgrown here with
Sedge, there with dusky ſprings, at @ third place s woody
Iles, and takes a long courſe by many crooked banks, from
the ſouth towards the north as far as the ſea. It is the
ſame that William a Crowland Monk has thus de-
{cribd in his life of Guthlake:
E#t apud Angligenas 4 Gromte flumine, longo
Orbe per anfrattus ſtagnoſos, & fluviales,
which was then valu'd after the rate of 600 families ;
of which place ſhe her ſelf was che firſt Abbefs. How-
ever, this was not the firſt Chuich in the fens; for
the Ely-book mentions our St. Auſtin as the founder of
a Church at Cradiden, which atterwards was ruin'd Cradiden.'
| by Penda the Mercian ; and Malmesbury ſays, that
Felix Biſhop of the Eaſt-Angles had his firſt ſeat at So-
village ſituated by a fen, formerly very dangerous to water-
paſſengers from thence to Ely, but now paſſable by foot
men, by reaſon of a cauſey made through the marſhes and
reeds, There u ſtill the ruins of a Church demoliſlid by
the Danes, wherem the inhabitants were overwhelm d, and
burnt with it. Ar the ſame time vt. Audrys Nunnery
tell a prey to the fury of the Danes, bur was reſtor'd
by Echelwold Biſhop of Wincheſter, who, by agree-
ment with the King, bought the whole Iſle, exxR-
ed the Prieſts, and fill'd ic with Monks ; to whom
King Edgar, as we find in his Letters Parents, gave
Juriſdittion in ſecular cauſes over two Hundreds m the fens,
and over five Hundreds and an half out of the fens in Wick-
low, in the province of the Eaſt-Angles. which to this
——_— — —_——__—————
ham, till in Norwich dioceſe. Soham, ſays he, & @ Schaw.
£*?
LE)
Circumfuſa palus, orientali/que propinqua
Littoribus pelagi, ſeſe diſtendit ab Auſtro
In longum verſus Aquilonem, gurgite tetro
Morboſos piſces vegetans, & arundine denſa
Ventorum ſtrepitus, quaſi quedam verbs, ſuſurrans.
In Britiſh lands where Gront's old ſtreams ſurround
The trembling marſhes and unfaichful ground,
From ſouth to north is ſtretch'd a ſpacious moor
Near to the Ocean on the eaſtern ſhore
Where pois'nous fiſh the ſtinking water breeds,
And ruſtling winds ſtill whiſtle in the weeds.
If you pleaſe, add thus much out of Henry of Hunt-
day is calld St. Audry's Liberty.
and Noblemen richly A ame it with large reve-
nues ; eſpecially Earl Brithnoth, who being then ready
of Ely, Somerſham, Spaldwic, Trumpinton, Ratindum,
Heisbary, Fulburn, Tmerſton, Tripleſtow, and Impetum,
( becauſe theſe Monks had treated him nobly ) »f he
dy'd in that battel, He was killd at laſt at Valdon,
after he had fought with the Danes fourteen day: to-
gether. It was fo rich a Monaſtery, rhat the Abbot
( ſays Malmesbury ) yearly put 1400 pound into his own
pocket, And Richard the laſt Abbor, Earl Gillebert's
ingdon. This fenny Country is mighty rich and delightful, | lon, intoxicated as it were with money, and d {dain-
plentifully water d with rivers, ſufficiently garmiſhd with
lakes of all ſorts, and as much adorn'd with ſhady groves
and iſlands.
them : nor is there leſt plenty of water fowl; and for a ſin-
gle half- penny frve men may have enough of either, not on-
ly for a taſte, but a comperent meal.
I ſhall tay nothing of the ſound and wholſome ad-
vice was concerning the draining of theſe fens; (which
yer was perhaps nothing but a ſpecious pretence of
doing good to the publick,) ſo often mov'd in Parlia-
ment. Ic is to be fear'd chey'd ſoon return to their od
ſtate, as the Pontine Marſhes in lcaly have often done
after their draining. So that ſome think it the ſafeſt
"3 way, to follow the Oracle's advice in the like caſe,
** Not to venture too far where heaven has put a ſtop.
The natural ſtrength of this place, and the plenty
of proviſions every where, has often made it a retreat
for rebels : not only the Engliſh againſt William the
Conquerour ; but alſo the Barons whenever they
were out-law'd, from hence moleſted their Kings ;
but were always unſucceſsful, tho' they erected forts
at Eryth and Athered, now Audre, where 1s an open
paſſage into the Iſle. And to this day theres a ram-
part nigh Audre, not high, but very large, call'd
Belſar's hills, from one Beliſar ; but what he was I
know not.
The ſouth and largeſt part of chis fenny Country,
which belongs to this Shire, was call'd by the Saxons
El, now the Iſle of Ely, from the chief of chelſe
Iſlands. Bede derives it dr its Eels, and therefore
ſome have call'd it the Ie of Eels. Polydore os
derives it from Ea@& , which fignifies a Marſh;
others from Helg, a Britiſh word ſignifying Willows
or Sallows, which it bears in abundance ; and they
are the only thriving trees here. We find that one
Tombert K. of the South-Girvii, fſerled a great part of
' this Country upon his wife Erbeldred for a joynture,
* Who after ſhe had left her ſecond husband Egfid K.
as. Of Northumberland for Chriſt's ſervice, founded a
Nunnery in that chief Iſle properly call'd Elys,
ing to be under the Biſhop of Lincoln, fell to work
upon the King with golden promiſes ( as the Monks
Take this lictle from William of | write ) and indefatigable induſtry, to liave him e e&
Malmesbury £ Here is ſuch wait ſtore of filb, as all]
ſtrangers wonder at ; for which the inhabitants laugh at |
a Biſhoprick at this place ; but his ſudden death hin-
der'd it. But ſoon after, Hen. 1. got leave of the
Pope, and made Hervy Biſhop of Bangor in Wales,
and then abouts ejeed by the Welſh, the firſt Biſhop
of Ely ; to whom and his ſucceſſors, he laid out
Cambridgeſhire for the dioceſe, which before was part
of that of Lincoln ; and likewiſe ſettl'd upon them
'fome marks of Soveraignty in theſe Iſlands He gave
the Biſhop of Lincoln the manour cf Spaldwic, to
make him amends for Cambridgeſhire and this Iſle ;
or, as the Ely-book has it, The manour of Spaldwic
was ſetled upon the Church of Lincoln for ever, in lieu of
the epiſcopal care over Grantbridgeſhire. Aſloon as Hervy
was fetled in his Biſhoprick, he made it his chief
care to raiſe the grandeur of his Church. He got
it ro be made toll-ſree in all places (faith Ely book,) freed
it from that burthen of watching and warding, the duty
it. ow'd ts Norwich-Caſthe: He made the way from
Exning to Ely, above fix miles through the tens 5, and
purchas'd many a fair eſtate for the Churchs ule.
His ſucceſſors, by leſſening the number of Monks
(for from 70 they brought 'em to 40, ) and by the
plenty of all things, overflow'd wich wealth and
riches, even till our fathers days; and their Holydays
and Feſtivals were always celebrated with ſuch grear
proviſions and pomp, that they won the prize in
that point from all the Monaſteries in England.
Whence a Poet in thoſe times not improperly ſays,
Previſis als, Elienſia feſt a widere,
Et, quaſi praviſa notte, widere diem.
After all others ſee but Ely fealt,
You'll fee glad day when tedious night is pal.
The Cathedral alſo, which began to totter with age,
chey built by degrees, and brought it to that magni-
ficence it now has : 'tis a ſpacions, ſtately, and beau-
ciful ftruure, but ſomewhat *detac'd by ſhametully
breaking down the Noblemens and Biſhops tombs.
Now, inſtead of the full Convenc of Monks, there is a
—_——_p_
B.\h>p hath all the rights of a C-un
t An. 1221. King Henry 3. being at Oxford ( fays Fuller) fent ro the Bailiff of Cimbridge, as living near Ely (the ſtaple for tifh) to fend him
uch 2 proportion ot Eeis for rhe proviſions of his C ure ; and ir ſhould be diſcounted unto kim our ct thc
-Palatine, and beareth chief ſway thercia : tor by his own power he app unteth
Exchequer. i In che lile of £y rhe
a julge ro hear and derer-
mine all Caſes arifing within the ſaid lfle. He holderh Afizey, Gaol-delivery, and Quarter-Scllio:1s of the Yecace tor the tad Liberty, and bath his
Chict Builiff, and Under- Builifs tor che execution of P
5 He began the fair Palace at Ely fur his ſucceſors.
Blome in Cembridge-ſb.rs.
Dean
After that, Kings St. Auary's
to engage the Danes in the year 999, gave to this Church ©'y-»90k.
—
419
_- , | : Ea...
miles off, ſituated among fens and rivers, and late!
teaching and maintaining 24 boys ” ; there are four | made a priſon for the Romiſh Prieſts. I have nothing
things about this Church much talk'd of by the | more to fay of it, but only that this Town #nd Wale Wir;.,
common people ; the Lantern, on the top of all, | pole were both given to Eh-Meonaſtery by the owner
juſt over the Quire, ſupported by eight pillars with | of them, at the ſame time that he dedicated lys little
ſingular art,hung by Fohn de Hothum the Biſhop ; St. | fon Alwin to a monkiſh life ; that Wilicm the fiſt
Mary's Chapel, ſtanding under the Church to the | erected a caſtle here, when the our-laws mace their
North, a delicate piece of work, built by Simon Mon- | incurſions from theſe tenny parts ; and that in the
zacute Bilhop; a great round heap of earth and very | year 1236, the tempeſtuous waves tor two days fo
high, call'd The Mount , on the South-ſide, where a | violently broke in upon this ſhore, that itd1cwn'd both
Wind mill ſtands; laſtly, a famous fruitful Vine, | land and people all about. But the Brick-caſtle that
which is now wither'd. Which four were joyn'd to- | is ſtill there, was built by Jeb» Merton Lihop of Ely
gether in thele Rhimes by a certain Monk of the | in our grandfathers days,who alſo drew a ſtraight ditch
place : through this fenny County, calld Newleame, for the Newir,
Hac ſunt Eliz, Lanterna, Capella Marie, better convenience of water-cairiage, and for en-
Atque Molendinum, necnon dans winea Vinum. creaſing the trade and wealth of this his town ; tho'
Saint Mary's Chapel you at Ely'lee, indeed it hapn'd to the contrary, for it is but of
The lofty Lantern rival of the sky, {mall uſe, and the neighbours mightily complain that
The Mill and Vine that bread and drink ſupply. this has quite ſtopd the courſe of the Awen or Nen
into the Sea, by Clowcrofs. Clown
As for Ely it ſelf, it is a pretty large city , but not | The firſt Earl of Cambridge was William brother: +
much remarkable either for beauty or populouſnels, | of Ranw/ph Earl of Cheſter, as may be ſeen by a Þa-<*® ©
by reaſon of its fenny ſicuation and unwholeſom | tent of Alexander Biſhop of Lincoln, dated 1139. Af.
air © [z]. ter him, 'tis probable that thoſe Earls of Huntmgden,
Amidſt the ſame fens, to the North-weſt, was a | that were of the royal blood of Scotland, were like.
famous Abby, from its ſtanding among thorns and | wiſe Earls of Cambridge ; for it appears from the pub-
buſhes, call'd Thorney , formerly Ankerige, from the | lick records of the kingdom, That David Earl of Hun-
Anchorices dwelling there ; where Sexuulph, a very | tingdon receiv'd the third penny of the County of Cambridge.
religious devout man (as it is in Peterborough-book) | A long time after, Foby of Hainault , brother to
founded a Monaſtery with Hermits Cells. It was at- | liam third Earl of Holland and Hainault, was ad-
terwards ruin'd by the Danes, but Erbelwold Biſhop of | vanc'd to this dignity by Edward 3. for the ſake of
Wincheſter, to encourage the Monaſtick way of li- | Queen Philippa, whole * Oo hu he was. For her ſake
ving, rebuilt it, ſtor'd it with Monks, and encom- | alſo, he honour d Filiam Marguiſs of Fuliers, ber 1i-
"palsd it with trees. This place (lays Malmsbury ) &« | ſter's ſon, with the ſame tile, after John had revol-
the wery pitture of Paradiſe , for pleaſantneſs reſembling | ted and gone over to the French. After the deceaſe
Heaven 1t ſelf ; amidſt the very marſhes frunful in trees , | of theſe Forreigners, King Edward 3. ſettled this Ho-
whoſe ſtraight tapering tallnsſs emulates the ſtars ; a plain,| nour upon his hfih fon Edmund of gley , which
ſmooth as water , charms your eyes with pleaſing green , | after be bad held four years, (I have my authority from
where's no rub to ſtop the [wifteſt pace. There's ot an inch | an old manuſcript belonging to that admirable Anti-
of ground uncultivated; here a place ſwelling with apple- | quary Francs Thinn) The Earl of Hainault, Queen Phi.
trees, there a field overſpread with wines, either creeping | lippa's Couſin, came and openly claini'd it in Parliament ;
upon the ground, or climbing up poles to ſupport them. A | but he return'd ſatufy'd at laſt. This Edmund of Lang-
mutual ſtrife there x between nature and husbandry, that | ley, afterwards Duke of York, had two Sons, Edward
one may always ſupply what the other forgets. What ſhall | Duke of York, for a while Earl of Cambridge, and
I [ay f the beauty of the buildings , to be admird if t | (lain in the battel of Agincourt ; and Richard, created
ere only for the fenns making ſuch ſolid and uxſbaken | Earl of Cambridge by the meer favour of Henry o.
foundations ? It x a wonderful ſolitary and retir'd place, | and conſent of his own brother Edward.But after this
fit indeed for Monks, it makes them more mindful of hea- | pertidious and ambitious man ungratefully conſpir'd
wenly things, and more mortify'd to things below. Ta a| againſt the life of that beſt of Princes, and fo loit his
prodigy to ſee a woman bere, and when but a man comes, | head ; the title of Earl of Cambridge was either !oſt
he's welcom'd like an Angel. So that I may truly call ths | with him , or lodg'd among the ticles of bis fon
Iſle a Lodge for Chaſtuy, an Harbour for Honeſty, and @| Richard,afterwards Duke of York,and reſtor'd to all his
School for Divine Philoſopby.- dignities, as being Km/manx and Heir to his Uncle Ec
IWwbich, che Biſhop of Ely's caltle, ſtands about 14 | ward Duke of York.
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This Shire contains 163 Pariſhes.
* In E!y the B.ſhop has a ſtatcly Palace built of late years.
6 Although it be ſcated ſomewhat higher. Near to it is Downham, where the Biſbop hath his reſiding houſe with a Tark. Near to Downham »
Cowney, the ancienteſt ſeat of the family, firnam'd for their habitation here, Liſle and Dc Inſula, and firſt planted here by Nigellus the ſecond B:jb1?
of Ely, their allie in che time of King Henry 1. as us jet down in a Leiger-book of Ely. Charerics er Cheaterich u not far bence w:/itward where AlWc-
na 4 devout woman, founded a Nunnery upon 4 copped ground encempaſs'd with fens, while her husband founded Ramicy.
=” EE
—— — OC .
ADDITIONS to CAMBRIDGESHIRE,
Improve- [a] HE County of Cambridge, in Saxon tas & paluſtri ſitu, mention'd by our Author. oo
A Gpanrabpyczrcyp ( not as our Author Our Author in ga me the chief place in it, 7”
a Gpenchpiggrcype ) and by later wri- | Cambridge, has hardly allow'd it ſo much compals, 25
ters,according to the ſeveral ages where-| the dignity of ſo famous an Univerſity and Nurſery
in they liv'd, call'd Cantebrige(ire,Grantebridgeſcire, Can- of Learning requires. So that *tis no more than ju-
tebriggeſcbire; has of late years had two very conſide- | ſtice to be a little more particular upon cheir ſeveral
rable improvements, of its ſo} and air: the firſt by | Foundations, and the improvements that have been
png great quantities of Saintfoine ( which is made upon them ſince his time, both in buildings and
roughe from foreign parts, and thrives only in very otherwile. |
dry and barren ground ;) the ſecond by draining the | Þ] Peter-bouſe ſeems to have been built ſome time Perer-i-
fens in the Iſle of Ely, a work that was carry'd on at | before 1284. to which year our Author refers it. For Bo.
vaſt expence, but has at laſt turn'd to a double ac- | + Fuller (upon whoſe authority theſe accounts prin- Tiki L
count, both in gaining much ground, and mending | cipally depends) tells us that Hugh Balſham (when Þ& ;1uy+
Pare the reſt ; and alſo in refining and clearing the air ,| was only Prior of Ely ) began the foundation of this
briage. andina great meaſure taking away that * Ceh gravi- | houſe (about the year 1257. ) without Trumpigion
£a#e
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A——
— OCD en x2 Oo
— — — ——— RN —
*
BRIDGESHIRE.
416
CAM
gate near the Church of St. Peter, irom which it
icems to have taken the name. But ail the advan:
tage the Scholars had at firlt, was only the convent-
ence of Chambers, which exempted them from choſe
hizh rents the Townſmen had us'd to exact of them.
What our Author 1 ſuppoſe refers to, is the endow-
ment (which was ſettl'd by the ſame Hugh when Bi-
jhop, in 1284.) for a Maſter, fourteen Fellows , &c.
which number might be increasd or diminiſht, ac-
cording to the improvement or abatement of their
revenues.
&: ball.
the name) is to be carry 'd higher than 11340. For this
Richard Badew built betore that,a houſe call'd Univer/i-
ty-ball, wherein the Scholars livd upon their own
expence for 16 years together, till it was burnt down
by a caſual fire. The tounder finding himſelf un-
equal ro the charge of rebuilding it,had the afhiſtance
ot Elzabetb, third ſiſter and coheir of Gzlber: Earl of
Clare, by whoſe liberality it was built up again and
endow'd. It is at preſent one of the neateſt and moſt
uniform Houſes in the Univerſity ; having been late-
ly new built all of Free-ſtone.
c- [d] Pembroke-hall was founded by Mary de S. Pal,
third wife to Audomare de Valentia Earl of Pembroke.
For her husband being unhappily ſlain at a 7:/rimg on
the wedding-day , ſhe entirely ſequeſter'd her ſelf
from all worldly delights; and devoting her ſelf to
God, amongſt other pious a&ts built this College,
which was atterwards much augmented by the bene.
factions of others.
[e] Bennet-College aroſe out of two Guilds or Frater-
nities : one of Corpws-Chriſts, and the other of the
bleſſed Virgin. Thele two, after long emulation, be-
ing united into one Body,by a joint interelt built this
College, which has ics name from the adjoyning
Church of St. Benedi&,; Their greateſt modern Be.
netator was Matthew Parker , once Maſter of the
College, and afterwards Archbiſhop of Canterbury,
who by his prudent management recover'd leveral
Rights of the College ;. and belides two Fellowſhips
and tive Scholarſhips, gave a great number of excel-
lent Manuſcripes to their Library. |
f ] Trimity-ball was buile upon a place that once
belong'd eo. the Monks of Ely ; and was a houſe for
Students before the time of Bilhop Bateman, who by
exchange for the Advowlances of certain Recoriey,
got it into his own poſſeſſion. He was a great Ma-
Tr J-
Fellows, and chree Scholars (the number he appointed
at the ticfſt Foundation) were oblig'd to follow thoſe
[ c} So likewiſe the firſt date cf Clare-bal (tho? not |
| and the number encreas'd with the Revenues. About
one halt of it is lately nzw-buile ; and when 'ris fi-
niſht, it will give place to none in point of beauty
and regularity.
[1] Teſus-Ceollege was made out of an old Nunnery Jes.
| dedicated to St. Radegund ; the Nuns whereof were 10
| Notorious tor their incontinence,and fo generally com-
| pos of, that King Henry 5. and Pope Julius the
{econd beltow'd it upon John Alceck, Biſhop of Ely,
t2 convert it intoa College ; who eſtabliſh'd in ic -a
( Maſter, (ix Fellows, and lix Scholars. Bur their num-
bers, by the great benefactions they have had, are ve-
ry much encreasd.
. m_| Chri#f's-College was built upon the place where ,,:q-..
| God 5-bouſe formerly ſtood ; and was endow'd by
| Margaret Counteſs of Richmond ; who ſetci'd there
'4 Maſter, and twelve Fellows, &c., which number
| being complain'd of as favouring of Supertticion by
alluding to our Saviour and his Apoſtles, King Ed-
ward the ſixth alter'd, by the addition cf a thirteenth
Fellowſhip; along with ſome new Scholarlhips. This
| College within about theſe forty years has been
adorn'd with a very tine new building by ir ſelf.
[mn] St. Fob»'s-Collegge had the ſame Foundreſs ; and 5 J/bn's.
| was built upon che place, where An. 1134. Nig*l or
| Neal, (econd Biſhop of Ely,founded an Hofpital for Ca-
nons Regular, which by Hugh de Balſham was con-
verted into a Priory dedicated to St. John ; and by
the Executors of the ſaid Counteſs of Richmond,
into a College, under the name of the ſame Saint.
For ſhe dy'd before it was finiſht, which recarded the
work for ſome time ; but it was afterwards carry'd
on by her ſaid Executors.
(0 Magdalen-College is cut off from all the reſt, Magdaler's
and ſtands by ic ſelf on the North-welt (ide of the
river. Some years ago they had begun a pretty piece
of new-building, which when well nigh finilhr, was
given over.
[p] The magnificence of Trinity-College, mention Trinity.
at large by our Author, has ſince been improv d by
a molt noble and (tately Library, begun under the
government of the late tamous and learned Dr. [aac
Barrow : a building, tor the bigneſs and deſign ot it,
perhaps not to be match'd in the three kingdoms.
[q] Emanuel-College was built in a place where Emauet,
was formerly a Convent of Dominicans founded in the
year 1280. by the Lady Alice Counteſs of Oxtord.
After the ſupprefiion of Monaſteries , this Convent
iter of C:wil and Canon Law ; and fothe MaFter, two | came into the , poſſeſſion of one Afr. Sherwood , of
Whom Sir Walter 'Mildmay ſeems to have purchas'd ir.
' Ir has a very neat Chapel, not long ſince built by
two. Studies... It has-been lince very. much augmen- | the late Archbiſhopof Canterbury, and others.
ted by Benefactions, \and the number of its
15 proportionably encreas'd. |
[8] Cains-College was 'at firlt cal''d Gomwil-ball, and
was built upon the place where now. are the Orchard
and Tennis-Court of Benner-College.. But within five
% years it was remov'd into the place where it ſtands at
prelene,. by Biſhop Bateman. Some. time after, 7obn
new College ; ſince call'd after his own name.
[h] King's-College was at firſt but ſmall, built by
Henry the ſixth for a Reor and twelve Scholars.
There was near it a little Hoſtle for Grammarians
builc by William Bingham, which was granted by the
Founder to the ſaid King Henry for the enlargement
of his College. Whereypon he unired chelz two, and
having enlarg'd them by addition of the, Church of
St. Fobm. Zachary, founded a fair College for a Pro-
_ ſeventy Fellows and Scholars, three Chaplains,
C
by ;
[i] Queen's-College was begun by Queen Margaret;
but the troubleſome times coming upon her , would
not give her leave to compleat her intended fabrick.
The firſt Maſter of it Andrew Ducket, by his induſtry
well-diſpos'd perſons cowards the. finiihing of this
work ; and fo far prevaild upon Queen Elizabeth,
wife to King Edward the. fourth, that ſhe perteted
what her profe(s'd Enemy had begun. |
| k] Catbarine-ball was built by Richard Woodlark,
Be
third Provoſt of King's College, over againſt the Car-
Cains Doctor of Phyſick, improv'd this Hall into a | po
and application procur'd great ſums of money from | ply
members | [r] Sidney-Suſſex College, tho' it owe its 11fe to the —_—
Cl
|
rity of the Lady Frances Sidney, and the Care or
her Executors, is exceedingly improv'd by the bene-
factions of Sir Francs Clerk, who, beſides a ſer of new-
bui:dings, augmented the Scholarſhips , and founded
four Fellowſhips wich eight Scholarihips more ; and
of Sir Fobn Brereton,who leftto it by Will above 2000
und.
[s] The Scheols of this Univerſity were at firſt in Schoots
private houſes hir'd, from ten years to ten years for
that purpoſe by the Univerſity ; in which time they
might not be put to any other uſe. Afterwards, Pub-
lick Schools were built at the charge of the Univerſity,
in or near the place where they now ſtand. But the
preſent fabrick ,, as ir is now buile of brick and
rough ſtone, was erected partly at the expence of the
Univerſity, .and partly by the contributions of ſeye-
ral BenefaQtors:
The Library was built by Rotheram Archbiſhop of Library:
York,who (together with Tcn/ta/, Bilhop of Durham)
furniſhc ic with choice Books ; few whereof are to be
found at preſent. But the Libraries of che three
Archbiſhops, Parker, Grindal, and Bancroft, did am-
ly compenſate the loſs of the former.
{t] And thus much of the Univerſity. The Ca-
{tle, mention'd by our Author, was ſtrong and ſtate-
ly, having init, amongſt ocher rooms, a moſt mag-
nificent Hall. * The ſtones and timber were after-, _. _
wards begg'd of Henry 4. by the Maſters and Fel- pi.
lows of King's hall, cowards the building of cheir
melites houſe, for one Maſter and three Fellows ;
Chapel. Nothing is + now ſtanding but the Gate- + Fuller,
& . , houſe, **
—
415
pe
"yy 7 Who rddiojrr tt” hw
houſe, which is the Priſon ; and an artificial high hill
deeply entrench'd about, of a ſteep aſcent, bur level
at the top.
Between the Conquerour's time and the Barons
war, Roger of Montgomery deltroy'd this Town with
IC EMWNTI.
tire and ſword, to be reveng'd of William Rufus ; but
King Henry 1. to repair thoſe damages, beſtow'd'
many Privileges upon it ; particularly, freed it from,
the power of the Sheriff, making it a Corporation, up-|
en the payment of 101 marks yearly into the Exche-'
UA SAI | Won +» 44. ate tee FADE IEG FIRE ID er HERES Ret MEA AA): Es HU LEOE A P d bb Y s 1Þ -,
—— WK>< <b- eoo one dw So entee—o a= - _—_———
ms 1eY + _ - ——_— *
wa. oo
PV Yn III oe >
py > wy >"
i. SS BA oa
|
|
|
-—-
—— — — — IIs ds
4») E's
42 4 Ins es eh
ge ION
oper oedeees
mo" N Jee
" r—_—_ _ .
tf Foe Iron ys we Rnd wo Hes Oo oo SOS on ones GAS ot oo
”
4_ We "
——
quer ; which ſum the Sheriff paid before for his pro-
firs out of the town when it was under his juriſdiftion.
And, what ſeems to have been of moſt conſequence,
the Ferry over the river ( which before was left at
\ .._ ..,, large) began to be fix'd near this place ; which pro-
"in * bably might have ſomething of the ſame effe&, as
w.!:hire, building new bridges and turning the courſe of roads
\ 79 have had in || other parts of England.
A-bury. [w } A mile north of Cambridge is Arbury or Arbo-
- a:b:.18. 70ph (in the territories of Cheſterton ) where * 15 a
large camp, of a figure inclining to a ſquare. There
have been Roman Coins found in it ; one particular- |
ly of filver, with the head of Rome on one ſide, and
on the reverſe Caftor and Pollux on horſeback. The ad-
_— — — ——
— — — — — ——w—_— —— — OO
which was brought out upon a poor woman's finger,
as ſhe thruſt her hand into the earth to ſearch, and
fold at a good price. It lay very near the ſurface of
che earth, and looſe in the mould ; as &id alto
ſeveral ſmall pieces.
Continuation of the EARLS.
Next Richard fon to Edmund Langley Duke of York
(the laſt Earl mention'd by our Author ) thar title
was conferr'd upon James Marquels of Hamilton in
the year 1619. who was ſucceeded by Fames his eldett
ſon, and afterwards by William his ſecond fon ; who
receiv'd a mortal wound at Worceſter-tight, and dy'd
without iſſue-male ſurviving : ſo that the honour
died with him. Afffeer the Reſtoration, this title was
conferr'd upon Charles Stuart (eldeſt fon to Fames
then Duke of York ) who was ſtild Duke of Cam-
bridge ; and afterwards u his three brothers,
Tames, Edgar, and Charles, who all dy'd young,
More rare Plants growing wild m Cambridgeſhire.
K. Acinos Anglicum Cluf. Engliſh Stones Baſil, or
joyning Cheſterton has probably it's name from this | common Stone-Baſil ; for theſe differ only accidentally. Jn
Camp or old +: ary
[x | On another fide of Cambridge, at a little di-
Gogmagor- ſtance, are Gog mag op-hulls | where the Camp mention'd
_ by our Author ſeems to be a Britiſh work. It has
three rampires and ewo graffs berween ( as the uſual
way is) being very large and rudely circular ; and
the Diameter of it is no leſs than 246 paces. Tis on
the hill (as the Britiſh way of encampment was,) and
'tis probable enough that the antagoniſt to ic might
be at Arborongh ; which from the form, coins, and
nearnefſs of warer ( a thing that people was particu-
larly careful of ) muſt have been by the Ro-
mans. Near the Camp there runs a Roman high-
way from the brow uf the hill ſourhward.
[ y ] Upon the edpe of Suffolk is Carlidge, which
our Author makes famous for a Synod, An. 977.
The Saxon Annals make it at Kynchngcune by a
miſtake for Kynchngcune, which 1 infer not only
trom the timilitude of n and p , but alſo from the
Copyiſt not underſtanding the language ( for *tis ta-
ken out of Cante:bury-Copy,) and from our later
Hiſtorians calling it Xyrtlinege, Kirding, and Kirling.
The name, with the circumſtances, would perſw
us to fee for it at Kyrileton in Oxfordſhire : for as to
the difference between the old and new name, that
| Chron. Is inconſiderable ; and | we are told that Sideman Bi-
Sax. ſub ſhop of Dewv:nſhire ( for ſo he is there ſtild ) dy'd at
an- 9/7- this Synod, and was bury'd at S. Mary's at Abingdon.
Now, he had no manner of relation to this Church,
and therefore we may imagine the only reaſon why
King Edward and Archbiſhop Dunſtan pitch'd upon
it for his burial, was the nearnel; ; eſpecially, ſeeing
they did it contrary to his own expreſs defire when
alive, which was, that he might be interr'd at his
own Church of Cridiantun or Kirton. But if he had
dy'd at Catlidge, they might have found a more con-
venient Monaftery for that purpoſe, I mean Peterbo-
rough, no lels eminent and much nearer ; unleſs
Abingdon might be more eligible this account,
that it was within the kingdom of the Weſt-Saxons.
{ z ] In the Pariſh of Surron, ſome few miles from
Ely, about the middle of April laſt, 1694. there were
ſeveral pieces of Antiquity diſcover'd in ploughing.
The fhare of the plough laid hold of a thin plate of
Lead, and brought up along with it ſeveral ſmall an-
cient Coins : this led them to a farther ſearch, and
upon one's thruſting his hand into the earth (for it
was a light mooriſh ſoil ) he found three ſilver plates.
The two biggeſt were faftned with a round fiirer
wire that ran through the midſt of them and lock'd
them together. One of the plates has an Inſcription
round it, very ſlightly and obſcurely engrav'd. Up-
on a ſight of ic, I preſently perceiv'd it to be Saxon
by the ewo firſt words >piÞcen, >mÞren, and ſeveral
others ; tho' ſome of them I could not reduce to any
thing I had met with in that lan age ; nor fix any
entire natural ſenſe upon the whole. In the ſame
place they found three twiſted rings ; and one plain,
Catlidge.
Sutton.
the ploughed lands on the borders of Gogmagog hills and
Newmarket heath.
S. Aloe paluſtris C. B. 1. e. Milicaris aizoides Ger.
Water $ , or Frefinwater-Souldier. In the rrucrs and
fen-ditches in many places of the Ile of = : as m the ri-
wer and ditches near Strethamn-ferry, and about Andrey-
canſey.
Ne tenuitfolia F. B. Fine-leaved Chickweed. In
the corn-fields en the borders of Triplow-hoath, and elſc-
where.
Alyſſon Germanicum echioides Lob. Aparine ma-
jor Ger. German Madwort or Great Gooſe-graff. Tt once
ew plentifully at Newmerket, ( vid. Cat. Cant.) bat
eimg an annual plant, I hear it is now lo#t there : poſſibly
it may agpear again hereafter.
K. Anagaſlis aquatica rotundifolia Ger. aquat. tertia
Lob. Round-leaved Water-Pimpernel. On Teverſham ,
Hmnton, and Trumpington moors in the drtches, and by the
water-courſes plemtifully.
Anagallis foemina Ger. corulkeo flore C. B. Park.
Female or blue-flower'd Pimpernel. In the corn on the
left-hand of the way leadimg to Hifton a Iuttle beyond the
fir ft cloſes.
Aparine minor ſemine lzviore. Gooſe-graf with
ſmoother ſeed. Very common among the corn, eſpecially m
chalky grounds. 'Q.. An Aparine ſemine levi Park.
E. Argemone capiculo longiore glabro Moriſ. Long,
ſmooth beaded baſtard-yoppy. In the corn.
Aſcyron ſupinum villoſum paluſtre C. B. Park.
Marſh S. Peter's wort, with hoary leaves. On the boggy
grounds near Gamling ay.
Avricula muris makchen flore albo F. B. Catyophyl-
lus holoſtens Ger. holoſtens arvenſis hirfutus, flore
majore C. B. holofteus arvenſis hirſutus Park. Long-
leaved ronugh Chickweed with a large flower. On beatbs
and dry banks among buſhes, and im gravelly ground. Se
Cat. Cant.
Bifolium paluſtre Park. Marſh Twayblade. 'On the
boggy and fermy grounds near Gamlingay.
melina Ger. Camelina five Myagrum altterum
amarum Park. Myagrum filiqua Jonga'C. B. Myagro
affinis planta fikquis longis F. B. cui & Eryfmmum
Galem & 'Fheophrafti cenfetur. Treacle-IWormſeed. Þ
the Ofier-holts about the bridge at Ely abundantly ; and
in all the other Ofier grounds by the rrvers ſide rhere.
Carduus acaulis Lob. acaulis Septentrionalium Port.
ac. minore purpareo flore C. BR. ac. minor purp. flore
Ger. emac. Chameleon exiguus Tragi F. B. Dwa7j
Carlne-thiftle. Upon the level near the new Peff-bouſes.
This occurs in moFt Counties of England, but not wt)
common.
Carduns tomentoſus, Corona fratrum dictus Park.
item C. tomentoſus Anglicus ejuſdem. Capite tomen-
tolo F. B. eriocephalus Ger. emac. item globoſus cap!-
tulo latiore ejuſdem. capite rotundo tomentoſo C. B.
item tomentoſus capitulo majore efſdem. Weot)-
beaded Thiſtle. In many cleſes abous Madingley, Chi
derley, Kim &Cc.
| ie}, gfton, Cary:
CAMBRIDGESHIRE
—_—— ——_>— —, — ——_—
Caryophyllus minor repens noſtras. An Caryo-
phyllus Virgineus Ger. Maiden Pinks. On 4 little hill
where Furze grows, next to funiper-bill near Hilder-
ham.
| Caucalis arvenſis latifolia echinata C. B. item lato
Apii folio eja/dem. Apii foliis, flore rubente Ger, ar-
venſis latifolia purpurea Park. item Anglica flore ru-
bente ejuſdem. item major ſature rubente flore ejuſdem.
Lappufa canaria latifolia, ſive caucalis 7. B. Purphe-
flower'd great Baſtard Parſley. Among the corn m many
places of this County ; as, between Cambridge aud Cherry-
Hinton, and near the Windmill in the way to Comberton.
The u a beautiful Plant, and we bave ſeldom found it in
uther Counties.
Chondrilla viſcola - humilis C. B. Park. Ger. emac.
Lactuca ſylveſtris laciniata minima Cer. Cant. The
leaft cut-leawed wild Lettice. In @ bank by a lutile lane-
fide leading from London road to the river, a little beyond
the Spittle-houſe end at Cambridge.
Conyza foliis laciniatis Ger. 'emae, helenitis foliis
laciniatis Park. Aquatica laciniata C. B. Great jagged
Fleabane. In the Fen ditches abous Marſh and:Chattereſſe
m the Iſle of Ely. .
Conyza paluſtris Park. paluſtris ſerratifolia C. B.
Virgx aurez five ſolidagint angultifoliz affnis, lingua
avis Dalechampii F. B. Marſb Fleabane or Burd:-tongue.
Iu the Fen=ditches and banks in the Iſle of Ely, bus more
rarely.
Connetealin arvenſis minimus. The leaft Bindweed.
Amung the corn between Harleſton and little Everſden.
Crocus F. B. ſativus C. B. True or manured Saffron.
I 8 frequently planted and cultruated im thu County. See
Eſſex,
Cyperus longus inodorus fylveſtris Gey. long. inod.
vulgaris Park, long. inod. ſylv. Lobelio F, B. long.
inod. Germanicns C. B. Long Baſtard Cyperas. In the
watery places of Hinton moor, and in drvers Fen-ditches.
Elzagnus Cordi Lcb. Rhus myrtifolia Belgica C. B.
Myrtus Brabantica Ger. Rhus fſylv. five Myrtus Bra-
bantica aut Anglica Park. Gale frutex odoratus ſep-
teatrionaltum FP. B. Sweet-willow, Gaul, Dutch Myrthe.
In the fens in the Iſle of Ely in many places abundamly.
Thu u wont to be put among cloaths to communicate 4
tweet ſcent to them.
Enula campana Offic. Park. Helenium Ger. vulgare
C. B. Helenium five Enula campana F. B. In the pa-
ture-fields about Madingley, Coton, Barton, GCC. mm great
plenty, Elecampane. It # common to many Counties.
Equiſetum palultre ramoſum aquis immerium, feu
\(iilefolium aquaticum equiletifolium. Horſetail wa-
ter Milfoil. In flow or ſtagnating waters every where al-
mot.
Ferrum equinum Germanicum filiquis in fummi-
tate C. B. equinum comoſum Park. Ornithopodio
affinis vel potius Solex aur Ferro equino herba PF. B. | by
Buſb-headed Horſe ſhoe Vetch. On Gogmagog bills, New-
market heath, and the drier part of Kimton-moor, &C.
Geranium hxmatodes, 10.iis majoribus, pallidiori-
bus, & altius incifis. Bloody Cranesbill, with larger, paler,
and more deeply divided leaves. Found by Mr. Dale on the
banks of the Drvel's- dutch rowards Reche.
Glaux Dioſcoridis Ger. Hiſpanica F. B. Hiſpanica
Cluſis Park. Ciceri ſylveſtri minori athnis 1 non idem
C. B. Dioſcorides bus Milktare, or Cluſins bu Spaniſh
Milkwort. On the drier part of Hinton-moor, and almoſt
all over Gogmagog-hills and New-market beath.
Glaux vulgaris Ad. Lob. vulgaris leguminofa, five
Glycyrrhiza ſylveſtris Park. Glyc. ſylveſtris floribus
Juteo-palleſcentibus C. B. Foenum Grzcum lylveltre
tive Glycyrrh#za fſyiveſtris quibuſdam F. B. Wild Li-
quorice, or Liquorice-wetch. About the caſt le-bill at Cam-
bridge ; by the lane's fide that leads from Cambridge to
Cherry. Hinton, and in many other places.
Glycyrrhiza vulgaris Ger. exzac. vulgaris filiquoſa
Park. filiquota vel Germanica C. B. radice repente
Germanica 7. B. Common Liquorice. Planted in good
quantity at Elme in the Ile of Ely. From its faculty of
eunching or (laking 6f thirſ? it us by ſome called Adiplon ;
en 1" thoug ht to be the Radix Scythica of Theophra-
lius, which took away the ſen/e of hunger and thir#t from
ile who held it in their mouths.
Gnaphalium montanum album Ger. mont. flore
|
luteum anguſtitolium C. B. Park. ?
ed Cow-wheat. In Madingley and Kingſton woods, and
in almo#t all the other woods im this County, Þ alſo over-
ſpreads all the paſture and common ground; you feſs through
gong from Madingley to Dry-Drayton. |
ſella minor quibuſdam, aliis Gnaphalii genus F. B.
Mowntain Cudweed or Catsfoor. On New-mearket heath,
on 'the right hand of the road from C dpe 30 New-
market, about @ quarter of a mile from Botteſham beacon,
and in other places of the heath in great plenty.
Gratiola anguſtifolia Ger. emac. anguſtifolia ſive
minor Park. Hyſlopifolia C. B. aquatica F. B. Small
Hedge Sy/ep or Graſ-Poley. In the corn-fields and ſhadowy
lanes Hog mion and Hiſton ; and 'in many places
about Cambridge. 4)
K. Herba Paris Ger. F. B. Park. Herb-Pars or Herb
True-lowve. In Kt and Ever/den woods.
Hieracium latifolium Pannonicun. 1. Clef. I. lati-
folium Clufii Ger. Pangon. latif. 1. Cluſio, Piloſellz
majori, vel Pulmonariz lutez accedens &c. F. B.
Alpinum latifoliuna hirſutie incanum, magno flore
C.. B: Broad-leaved Fangarian Hawkweed. On the
banks of the Devil's-ditch near Reche not far from New-
market. ES
| Hieracium minus Cichorei vel potius Stacbes folio
hirfurum Car. Canwt., Hier. Caſtorei odore Adon/pelien-
fours. Small rough Suctory-bawkweed ſmelling like Caſtor.
In the paſt ures between Cambridge and Grantceſter, not far
from the river.
Holoſteum medium Elienle foliis rigidioribus glau-
CIS. gr 99% holoſteus foliis gramineis Mentzel.
forte. The middle ſort of Stichwort. It grows plentifully
on the Fen-banks in the Iſle of Ely.
Jacobxa montana asiguitifolia lanuginoſa, non la-
ciniata C. B. Pannonica folio non laciniato F. B. an-
guſtifolia Ger. emac. anguſtifolia Pannonica non laci-
niata Park. Narrow-leawed mountein Ragwort. On
Gogmagog bills and New-merket heath. .
Sn paluſtris panicula glomerata ex rubro nigri-
cante Cat. Cant, ſemine Lichofſpermi Bot. Mon.
Round black-headed Marſh- Ruſh or Bog-Ruſh with Gro-
mill ſeeds. Every where ity the watery places of Hinton
and Teverſham moors. |
Lathyrus major latifolius Ger. emee. major peren-
nis Perk. major latifolia, flore purpureo ſpecioſior
F. B. latifolius C. B. Peaſe everlaſting. In Madingley
wood, and other woods.
Linaria adulterina' Ger. emac. montana floſculis al-
bicantibus C. B. Linarizx fimilis F. RB. Pſeudo-linariz
montana alba Park. Baſtard Toadfiax. On Gogmagog-
bills and New-market beath, bus ſcatteringly. ©.
Linum fylveſtre czruleum perenne erectius flore
& capitulo majore. Wild perennial blus Flax with lar-
ger beads and flowers. . On the borders. of the cornfields
abont Gogmagog-hills, and in ſome cloſes about Cherry-
Hinton.
Linum fſylv. cxr. procumbens, flore & capitulo
minore. Wild perennial blue Flax with ſmaller heads
and flowers. In the ſame places with the former, obſerved
Mr. Dale.
Lychnis no@iflora C. B. Park. Ocymoides non
ſpecioſum F. B. Night- flowering Campion. Found among
corn between New-market and Wood-Ditton.
Lychnis ſylveſtris flore albo minimo. Lych. ſylv.
akera ſpica reflex3 Bot. Monſfp. arvenſis minor Angli-
Ca Park. Small corn-Campion with a wery ſmall white
flower. Found among
Malay _— near the Devil's-diteh.
elampyrum criftatum flore purpurgo. 7. B. an
Od. creſt -
ilefolium paluſtre galericulatutm Ger. emac. aqua
ticum flore luteo galericulato F. B. aquaticum lenti-
culatum C. B. Hooded Water-Milfoil. In 5be brook Stour
by the Jſlet it makes: and iw many of the greet Fen ditches
in the Ie of Ely plentifully. There bath @ leſſer ſort of this
with @ ſmall flower been obſerved on Teverſham moor.
Onobrychis Ger. vulgaris Park. foliis 'vicie fructu
echinato major C. B. Polygalon Gefnezi-F.B. Capuc
gallinaceum Belgarum Lob. Medick-vercblong, Cocks-
head, commonly, but falſly calf d Saint Foine, On Gog-
magog-hills, and the balks in the Corn-fields, all there-
about.
Orchis lilifolius minor ſabuletorum Zelandiz &
Bataviz F. B. chamzorchis lilifolia C, B. Dwarf Or-
T0:undiore C, B. montanum five Pes cati Park. Pilo- |chics of Zealand , or rather Marſl-baſtard orchies. In
D d
tbe
Da...
-— —— — ——— — — ———
CESSES ; Eos De T9 , & {|
the watery places of Hinton and Teverſham-moors. Roreila ſive Ros foliis folis oblongis F. B. RY
Orchis myodes Ger. myodes galea & alis herbidis | folio oblongo C. B. Long-leav/d Riſa ſolw , or Sun-dew.
F. B. major muſcam referens C. B. The Fly Orchies. | On Hinton-moor about the watery places plentifully.
On the banks of the Devil -ditch, and m the cloſes abomt | Salix humilior, foljis anguſtis ſubczru!eis, ut pluri.
Hinton and Teverſham. mum fibi invicem oppoktis. Salix tenvior, tolig
* Orchis ſive Cynoſorchis mmnor Pannonica Ger. | minore, utrinque glabro fragilis F. B. The yellow
milicaris Pannonica Park. 'militaris pratenfis humiitor dwarf-willow. By the horſe-way-fide to Cherry-binton
C. B. parvis floribus multis punctis notatis, an Orchis | in rhe Cloſe juſt by rhe water you paſs over to go thi-
Pannon. 4. Cluſii? F. B. - Little purple-flower'd Dog s- | ther.
ffones. On Gogmagog hills, New market-heath, and par-| Scordium F. B. C. B. Ger. legitimum Park. IWater
ticularly on the Dewil'1-ditch plentifully. Germander. In many ditches in the Iſte of Ely, and in the
Orchis ſive Teſticulus ſphegodes hirſuto flore F. B. | Offer-bolts about Ely-city. Alſo in a ditch on the left hand
fucum reſerehs colore rubiginoſo C. B. The green | of the road leading from Cambridge to Hifton, about th:
winged Humnble-bee Satyrion. In an old gravel-fit near | mid-way.
Shelford by the foot-way from Trumpington to the Church. S. Selamoides Salamanticum magnum Ger.The preat-
rchis odorata Mofſchata five Monarchis C. B: pn- | er 3paniſh Catchfly. Near the Gravel-pits as you po tg
filla odorara Park. parva Autumnalis lutea F. B.- The | the neareſt Windmill on the North-ſide of Newmarket.
yelow-fweet, or-musk-orchies.” -In the chalk-pit Cloſe at | town. Thu place may be in Suffolk.
Cherry-hinton, and m ſome pits about Gog mag og-bills. Solanum lethale Park. Ger. melanoceraſos C.B. ma.
Papaver cofniculatum vicolaceum F. B. Park.'C. B | nicum multtis - five*BeYz donna F. B. Deadly Nigt:.
cornutum flore violaceo Ger. - Violet-colonr'd | horned | ſhade or Dwale. In the lanes about Fulborn plentifull;.
Poppy. In the cornfields beyond Swafbam , as you go to] Thalk&ram minus Ger. Park. C. B. minus, five
Burwell. Has Rutz pratenſis genus minus, ſemine ſtriato F. B. 7 he
Pimpinella ſaxifraga hircina major 7. B. Park. leſſer MeadowRue. About Newmarket, and allo abu;
ſaxifraga Ger. {axifraga major umbella candida C. B. | Bartlow and Linton in the chalky grounds.
Great Burnet-ſaxifrage. In the wbods at S, George Hat- | Tritolium echinatum arvenſe fruttu minore C. B.
ley, and in'many-other woods -on the border of Bedford- | Medica echinata minima F. B. echinata parva recta
ſlure. . Park. male ; non enim erigicur. The jmalleſt Hedgehog -
" Potamogiton ramoſum caule compreſlo, folio-Gra- | Trefoil. In an old gravel-yit in the corn-field near W.1-
minis canini. Small branched 'Pondweed with' @ flat | borham Chinrch ; alſo at Newmarket where the Seſamcides
ftalk. Inthe river Cam. © Salamanticum grows.
Potamogiton millefolium ſen: foliis gramineis ra- Tritolium 1ylveſtre luteum filiqua cornuta, vel Me-
moſum. An gramineum ramoſum C. B.. 7. B. Park. | dica fruteſcens C. B. Medica fſylveltris F. B. frutel.
Millefolium tenuifolium Ger. enas. ico. Fine or Fen- | cens ſive flavo flore Cluſii Park. Nellow-medick with fa:
nel-leav'd Porideveed. In the vituer Cam plentifully. wreathed cods. In many places among the corn, as between
Pulſatilla Anglica purpurea Park. parad. fore mino- | Linton and Bartlow by the road fides ; berweey Cambridge
re Ger. minore nzgricante C. B. flore clauſo'crruleo| and Trumpinton near the river ; about Quoy Church aud
F. B. Common or Engliſh Paſque-flower. - On \Gogmapog- | Wilborbam, &c.
bills on the left hand of the way leading from Cambridge to Verbaſcum nigrum flore & luteo purpuraſcente
Hawveril, juſt on the bp of the bill, alſo about Hilderſbam | C. B. nigrum flore luteo, apicibus purpureis F. B. ni-
ſix miles from Cambridge SD. - | grum Ger. nigrum falvifolium luteo flore Lob. Saye-
Ranunculus flammeus major Ger. paluſtris flamme. | leav'd black Mullein. In many places about Gogmag«g-
vs major Park, longifolius paluſtris major C. B. longo | bills rowards Linton, as by the lanes ſides, and in the clojes
folio maximus, Iingua Plinii F. B. Great Spear-wort. | about Abington, Shelford, &C.
In ſome ditches at Teverſham-moor, and abundantly in ma-| Veronica picata rea minor F.B. Spicata minor C.B.
ny great ditches in the fens in the Iſle of Ely. masereca Park. aflurgens ſive ſpica Ger. Upright ma!:
ibes nigrum vulgo diftum folio olente F. B.' fru- | Speedwell or Fluellin. bn ſeveral cloſes on Newmarker-beath,
Qu nigro Pork. Grolſularia non ſpinoſz frudtu nigro | as in @ cloſe near the beacon on the left band of the way from
C. B. Blatk Currans , Squinancy-berries. By the river- | Cambridge to Newmarket.
fide at Abington.
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HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
T the back - of Cambridgeſhire lyes the | St. Needs, taking its name from one Neotas, a learned 5:\=
County of Huntingdon, by the Saxons | and pious perſon, who fpent all his ſtudies in propa-
calld huntevunercyne , by the com- | gating the Goſpel ; his body was remov'd from Ne-
mon people: Hunting donſhire; ſituated fo | or/teck in Cornwall to this place, in honour of whom
- astg have Bedfordſhire on the South, | Ai/-ick converted Earl Elfrids Palace into a Monalte-
| Nor:thamptonſbire 'on the Welt, as like- | ry, which Roi/ia, Richard Lord of Clarc's wite, fo0n
wiſe on the North, where it is parted by the river | after the coming in of the Normans, endow'd with
Avon, and Cambridgeſhire on the Eaſt [a]. It isa ve-| many a faireſtate. Betore that, this place was calld _
ry good Corn Country, and for feeding ground the | Amulphsbury, from one Ainulph another pious perſon, * 7
fenny part of the Eaſt is fatter than ordinary : the | which name it ſtill retains in part, Ar Haihwetton a _
reſt mighty pleaſant, by reaſon of its ſwelling hills, | ſmall village a little lower, are two Springs, one freſh
and ſhady groves ; in ancient times woody all over, | and theorher alittle brackiſh; one good for Scabs and ***
according to the report of the Inhabitants. That it | Leproſies, as the inhabicants fav , and the other for
was a Foreſt till the beginning of Henry 2. is evident dimneſs of eyes. A little way further, the Ouſe runs |
by an old Survey, All, except Waybridge , Sapple, | by Bugden, a handſome Palace of the Biſhops of L» p42
and Herthei, which were Woods of the Lords demain, x coln ; bo by Hinching broke, tormerly a Nunnery , 1e-
fill Foreſt [Þ]. | | mov'd by William che Conquerour from Elre/ley iN
The river Ouſe, I have ſo often mention'd, waſhes | Cambridgeſhire to this place, and * now the ſear of the _
the South-part, and decks it with flowers. Beſides Cromwells, Knights ; and from thence to Hunting ny |
inferiour places, there ſtand three towns of note up- | by the Saxons Þuntaneun,, according to Maiianus ©
on this river, after it. has lefc Bedfordſhire and enters | in the publick Seal Hunters-dwne, that is, Hunters: D:%"
this County. The firſt is * St. Neots, commonly call'd according to Henry Arch-Deacon of this place, wh0
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———"EUNTINCDONSHIRE
flourilh'd 400 years ago; from whence it bears a | Angles and Northumbers beſtow'd on-bim, now to protec!
Hunter in its Coat of Arms, and our Country-man | them as their lawful Soverzign, which before he bad waſted
L:land has upon this account coin'd that new Latin | «# « Robber. Nor mult it be paſs'd over, that ſome cf
word Venantodunum. This is the chief town of che| theſe old writers have call'd this city Gumiceſfter:, and
whole County, giving its name to it; It excels tbe| Gumiceſtrum, poſitively affirming that Machure had his
rowns about it ( lays the ſame Arch-Deacon ) for «rs | Epiſcopal See at this place [d] *. |
pleaſant ſituation, its handſomneſs and beauty , the comve-| Ouſe haltning its courſe nence , nigh Cam-
niency of the fens juit by, and for the great advantage of bridgeſhire glides through pleaſa meadows, where is
bunt ing and fijbing. In the reign of Edward the Con-| a pretty neat town, formerly by the Saxons call'd
teſlor, as it is in Domeſday-book, This Burrough was | Sleps, now St. Ives, from Ivo a Perfian Biſhop, who, $:. I-c-;
divided into four Ferlings, two of them had 116 Bur-| they write, about the year 600, travelld over Eng-
reſſes that paid cuſtom and gelt, and under them 100 Bor- land with a great reputation of ſanity, all the way
darii: the other two bad 111 Burgers for all the King's| carefully preaching the Goſpel, and left his name to
cuſtoms and gelt.lt ſtands on the North-ſide of thejOs{e, | this y”_ where he left his body too. Soon after,
on a lictle riſing ; reaching lengthways to the North, | the Religious remoy'd that from hence to Ramſey-
adorn'd with four Churches , and once with a ſmall | Abby [e|.
Abby, founded by the Empreſs Maud and Eufteceſ Turning almoſt three miles on one ſide, I faw $me::m
Lovetoft , the ruins whereof I ſaw out of the town | Somerſham, a large Palace of late belon ing to the
Ealtward. By this river ſide,nig the fair Free-ſtone | Biſhop of Ely, given to the Church of Ely by Earl
bridge, there is a mount and ground-plotof a caſtle, | Brirbuor in the year 991, and enlarg'd with new
buile up anew by * Edward the elder in the year 917; buildings by that every-way-prodigal Biſhop, James
enlargd with ſeveral new works by David the Scotch Inge . A little higher {tood the famous rich Ab-
King,to whom King Stephen had given the Burrough | by of * Ramſey, among the fenns, where the rivers
of Huntingdon for an augmentation of his eſtate, as| [tagnate in hh kind of grounds. For a deſcription
an ancient Hiſtorian has it z and laſtly demoliſh'd by | of this place, you may have ic in ſhort out of the
Henry 2. becauſe 'twas a refuge for ſeditious perſons , | private Hiſtory of the Abby. Ramſey, that « , the Rimſey
and to prevent the frequent quarrels between the | Rems Tſe, on the Weſt-ſide ( for on all athers there are no ©
Scots and the St. Lizes about it, which made him | thing but impaſſible fens for @ great way together ) it is
ſwear in a great paſhon, that he would take away ſeparated from firm ound almo#t two Bow ſhots by roug b
all cauſe of contention from both parties [ c 3, From uagmires. Which place formerly, up a ſhallow river ,
chis caſtle-hill there's a large proſpe&t, where one | «'4 to receive Veſſels into the midſt of it by gentle gales
may ſee a meadow encompals'd with the Ouſe, call'd | of wind ; but now with great pains and coſt, theſe clay
Portſholme, extream large, and the Sun never ſaw a | Quagmires are topped with large quantities of wood, gra-
more glorious onezto which in Spring-timethis Verſe | vel, and fone, and footmen may paſs upon a firm Cauſey
may well be apply'd : almoſt two miles long, but leſs in breadth, ſurrounded with
Ver pingit wario gemmantia prata colore Alders, which with freſh green Reeds , intermx'd with
Kind "ox. \ef with various colours paints the Meads. rw uu make a beautift ul ſhew ; long before it as in-
d, it was all cover'd over with ſeveral ſorts of trees,
Ee et de ce ae den HE EE nd CO ET ],. I EE EE TT TERS
This pleaſant Scene charms a man's eyes. On the but with wild Aſhes in abundance. But now of late, ſince
other ſide the river over againſt Huntingdon, ( as it theſe woods are partly cut down, the land is found to be
were the Mother that brought it forth, ) ſtands Gor- | arable and of a fat mould, plentiful in fruit, delightful in
monchefter , now call'd Goodmanchetter. A large corn, planted with gardens, rich in paſtures ; in ſpring the
Country-town eminent for tillage , openly ſitua- | pleaſant meads ſmile on the Rm and the whole Iſl: is
ted on alight ground, declining to the Sun. Nor embroider'd as it were with variety of flowers. Beſides
is therea town in the kingdom that has a great- | al thx, here are Meres full of Eels, and Pools full of all
er number of luſty ſtour workmen, or keeps ſorts of fiſh and water fowl, of which Ramſey-Mere is one, Ramley-
more plows a going; and they brag that they | call d from the name of the Ile, far excelling all the neig
have formerly entertain'd the King's of England in | bouring waters both in fairneſs and plenty ; and where the
' their progreſs with a ruſtick ſhew of nineſcore Plows | [{e is wider, and wood thicker, it prettily waſhes the ſandy
h. Mere.
at once. Certainly there are none in the Nation
that more advance Husbandry, (which Columella calls
Wiſdom's Couſin) either in reſpect of their skill, their
purſe, or their inclination. Henry of Huntingdon calls
it in his time @ village not unpleaſant, but formerly, he
truly writes, it had been a noble city. For omuting the
Roman coins fo frequently plow'd up, and the di-
ſtance in the Itinerary, the very name implies it to
be the ſame city that the Emperour Antonine calls Du-
wxzn- roliponte, inſtead of Duroſiponte; for Duroſs-ponte (par-
don one letter alcering) in Britiſh ſignify d a Bridge
over Ouſe. For all own that this river went ndiffe-
rently by the names of Uſe, 1/e, Oſe, and Owſe. But
in the Saxons time, when it loſt this name, it took
that of Gormonceſter from Gormon the Dane (who by
Articles had theſe parts granted him by our Kiog
Alfed) as this Verſe can witneſs :
banks, and is mighty pleaſant to bebold ; in its deep holes,
they draw out Pikes of wonder/ul bigneſs, which they call
or other fiſhing Inſtruments ; and tho" thu place uw perpe-
tually haunted by fowlers , and always abundance taken,
Jet there's ſtill abundance left behind. Then he proceeds
to ſhew how one Ailwin, of the royal family ,
for his great authority and favour with the King, fir-
nam'd Healf-Koning , that is, Half-King, built this
Abby upon the account of a fiſher's dream; how
Biſhop Oſwald enlarg'd it ; how the Kings and others
encreasd its endowments , ſo that it uſually lay'd out
7000 pound of our money a year, to maintain 60
Monks. Burt ſince 'tis now ruin'd, perhaps ſome will
think I've ſaid too much of it already ; yet however
111 venture to add, out of the fame Author, the Epi-
taph of Ailwin's Tomb, becauſe it bears fuch-an un-
common title of honour.
Gormonss & Caſtri nomine, nomen habet.
The town from Goxmond's caſtle took its name.
It is the ſame place that F. Picas an ancient writer |
Ipeaks of, when he ſays, That King Alfred gam'd ſuch |
edvantages over the Danes, that they gave what ſecurity
be demanded, either to leave the Land, or turn Chriſtians,
Which was put in execution ; for Guthrum the King,
(whom they call Gormond) thirty of bus Nobility , aud
almoſt all bu people were baptiz'd , and bimſelf adopted
Alfred's God-ſon , and call'd by the name of Ath d
Upon this be ſettÞd here, and bad the Provinces of the Eaſt
ET ——..
—C
HIC REOQVIESCIT AILWINVS INCLITI
REGIS EADGARI COGNATVS, TOTIVS
ANGLIA ALDERMANNVS, ET HVIVS
SACRI COENOBIH MIRACVLOSYS FVN-
DATOR.
That 15,
Here reſts Ailwin, kin/man to the famons King Eadgar,
Alderman of all England, and the miraculous founder of
this Monaſtery.
* Sir Robert Cotton, in his deſcription of this Cou
William the Coaquerour.
Rameſige.
4 It snow in the poſle:hon of Anthemy Heamend Ely; of the ancient tamily of that name in Kent.
, communicated to Mr. Sp:ed, affirms that it ſeems by Domeſday book ro have been built by
e ln Saxon
' nd by the name of GumiccſterfKire Heury 3, granted it 16 his ſom Edmund —_— Lancafter.
d 2 From
.
Hakeds, either with ſeveral ſorts of Nets , baited Hooks, Hakeds.
atv 5 ER ape rr. +
» dd AWE 6) IU. WW ao. bit Sow <A, WARNS A+ at EI 004d dan oe * y ahh. 1, a
> 2 Ser.
Cu——_—— —_—_
423
Muſles.
Mitleſmere
Lake.
The lirtic
Hiſtory oft
E!y.
The foun-
Oarion
Ciarrer of
$aly,
CG 1 one EE,
departure, it was poſſef'd by Waldeof Earl of Hunt-
ingdon, fon to Siward Earl of Northumberland ,
who marry'd Judith, William the Conquerour's
Niece by his half ſiſter on the mothers ſide; by
whole eldeſt daughter it deſcended to the Royal Fa-
mily of Scotland : for ſhe, after her firſt husband's
deceaſe, marry'd David Earl of Huntingdon, (after-
wards King of Scotland )) the younger fon of Mal-
colm Can-mor King of Scotland and Margaret his
Write, of the Royal Family of the Engliſh-Saxons ;
for ſhe was King Edmund Ironfide's grandchild by
his fon Edgar, firnam'd the Bamſh'd. David had a
fon call'd Henry, and he another call'd David, who
was Farl ot Huntingdon ; by Tabel, one of his daugh-
ters, Cumington and other large poſſeflions, by mar-
riape fell to Robert Brms, from whole eldeſt fon Re-
bert, firnam'd rhe Noble, it is, that Fames King of
Great Britain ineally derives his Deſcent ; and from
his younger fon Bernard, who inherited Cumnington
and Exton, Sir Rebert Cotton Knight derives his; a
perſon who, befides other excellencies, is a great
admiter and Maſter of Learning, and has here a Col-
letion of venerable Antiquities from all parts ; from
whole peculiar courteſie I have often receiv'd great
light into theſe obſcure matters.
By reaſon theſe parts lye ſo low,are under water for
—
ICENT,
,
x
I
|
out of Lincoln-Diocels.
— —
was one of the Courtiers who have taught us,
* That mo power 1s powerful.
trouble kept it, and as ſuddenly loſt it,
but of a mean family, yet in his latter days, by bis bo!l
induſtry, he ſo enrich'd and advvanc'd himlelf, that he was
rank'd among' the higheft ef the Nubility, made. 1rd
Chief Ffuſtice, and manag d almo#t all rhe Affairs of the
Nation as he pleasd. Ar length he wholiy loft all the
King's favour, and ended his days in a cloylter; and
he who out of pride muijt needs remove from ecel:(inſtical
to ſecular Afffas, was forc'd to reaſſume bis ecele/1 (ical
Office and ſhaven crown (without ſo much as conſulting
bis Briſhop,) which be bad formerly laid aſide. Not far
——
-
42,
With a great deal of *
pains he rais'd himſelt to a high poſt, with as much”
In bis young :
days from a Clerk he was made Knight ; and tho' he was 1;
\y...,
H44:4h. 4
#
4 , Me
x
;
®* +
off ſtands Lezghton, where Sir Gerwvaſe Clifton Knight 115-4
began a noble building [h |; and juit by lyes Spa/d-
wick, given to the Church of Lincoln by Henry 1.
to make fome amends for erefting Ely-Biſhoprick
The river Nez enters this Shire by Elon, * the leat j1--
of the famous ancient family of the Sapcors, where
is a private Chapel of ſingular beauty, with curious
painted windows, built by the Lady El:zabeth Dinham,
| Baron Fitz-Warren's widow, who marry'd into this
family. Higher upon the Nen, nigh Walmsford, ſtood wiryr
a little city, of greater antiquity than all theſe, cali'd
Caer Dorm and Dormeceaſter by Henry of Huntine-
don, who ſays it was utterly ruin'd before his time.
ſome months, and fome ſo hollow that they ſeem to.
float ; they are much troubled with che noiſome
imells of I akes, and a thick foggy air. Here lyes that |
clear Lake fo full of fiſh, call'd Witleſmere, ſix miles
long and three broad *, in a mooriſh Country ; but
the great profit of fiſhing, che plenty of Paſtures, '
and the abundance of Turts for firing ( as the neigh.
bours ſay ) do ſufficiently make amends for the un-
healct-fulneſs of the place 3. For King Canute order'd |
is, th+ River-paſſage, and now for the ſame reaſon
call'd Dornford nigh Chefferron, which, beſides the
finding of old Coins, has the apparent marks ot a
ruinous City. For a Roman Port-way led directly
Twkill the Dane, a perſon before mentron'd, that eve-
ry willoge abeut rhe Fens ſhow d have it's proper Marſh;
who ſo divided the ground, that the inhabitants of each
wu /L.rre ſhowd have juſt ſo much of the main Aarſh for
their own uſe as lay right againſt the farm-ground of the
faid village. He alſo made an order, that no village
might dig or mow in another's Marſh without leave ;
but bewcwver, the feeding ſhou'd be common to all, that is
Horn under I rn, for the preſervation of peace and quiet
aning on. Put enough of this.
When Canute's children and ſervants were ſent
for from Peterborough to Ramſcy, paſſing this Lake,
in the midjt of their pleaſant voyage, and their ſinging and
follity, the turbulent winds and tempeſt uous ſtorms aroſe on
5 pon and ſurrounded them, ſo that they were utterly in
deſpair either of life, ſecurity, or ſuccour ; but ſo great was
God's mercy, that they did not all become a prey to that
devorrirg Element : for ſome out of bis compaſſion and pro-
vidence be ſav'd from the raging wats, but others by bis
fecret judg ment he ſuffer'd to periſh in the deep. It hen thi:
fad news was brought to the King, it put bim ito a dread.
ful fright ; but after alittle recovery, by the counſe! of 51:
Nobility and briends, to prevent all future 1i{chances j; 1
this mercileſs monſter, be order d his ſoldiers and ſervants
to mark out a Ditch m the Marſhes between Ramſey and
Witleſy , with their Swords and Skeins, and Day-
labourers to ſcour and cleanſe it ; from whence, as we have
OD IEA__ OO —O— - — ——
} Ic 1s now the poſkcſIion of Jebn Proby Eſquire.
Undoubtedly this is the Darobrive of Artonme, that pow:
from hence to Huntingdon ; and a little above St:{ron, Sin
' formerly Srichilton, it appears with a high bank, and
in an old Saxon Charter is call'd Ermin{freat. Here it Ems
runs through the middle of a ſquare fore, defended **
on the north-ſide with walls, on the reſt with ram-
parts of Earth ; nigh which, they've lately digg'd up
ſeveral ſtone Coffins or Sepulchres in * the ground of
R. Bewill, of an ancient family in this County. Some
think this city ſtood upon both banks of the river,
and others are of opinion, that the lircle village Caſter 3-7
on the other {ide was part of ic; and truly this opi- ;:
nion 15 well back'd by an ancient hiſtory, that fins
there was a place call d Darmunder/ter by Nene, where
K:imeburga founded a lite Nunnery, tirft call'd Km
reburge-caſter, and afterwards for ſhortneſs Cafter. T his
Kinneburga, the moſt Chriſtian diughrer of the Pa-
gan King Penda and Alfred King of the Northuriber's
wile, chang d her SoVeraryn Autbority for Chriſt s ſervice
(to uſe the words of an old writer ) axd govern'd ber
own Nunnery as a mother to thoſe ſacred Virgins. Whit
place about 1c10, was level'd ro the ground by the
fury cf the Danes. A little before this river leaves
che County, it runs by an ancient Houſe cali d Bet-$”
: bridge ( for ſhortneſs inftead cf Berolph-bridge,
which che Draitons and Lowers brought from R. Geme!s
co the family. of the Shirlies by hereditary ſuccefhon.
Adjoyning to this, lies Overton, corruptly called
Orton, forteited by Felony, and redeem'd of K. Job
# This Eſtate is now the joynt Inheritance of Sir Jokn Hewet of ## ar/7y in this County, Bu
roner, and John Dryden Etquire, deſcended to them from the tuſters ot the laſt Sir Ropers Bevile,
* Which ( as other Meres in this tra) deth ſometimes in calms and fair weather riſe tempeſtuouſly as it were into violent water-quakes, #0 the
danger
natives there, are jubjeF, ve long and healthfully.
of the poor Fiſhermen j by reaſon, as ſcme think, of evaporation; breaking wielently out of the earth,
who [i
3 8 herewnto ſtrangers, and not 7
by
.
WW *
ee
$57
exhir?.
Ls
ea =P
werthainp-
HUNTI
NGDO:NSHIR E.
—————
OI Inn"
ww...
dren took npon 'em the.name of Loverofr. |
This -County, at ' the: decliningiof the Engliſhs
by Neale. Laverofr, whote ſiſter and:cqheir-was mar-
ried tO, Hubert, Or Robert. de Brounfard, and their chil-|| appurtenances.
Saxons,: had Siveird an Earl by office ; ifor then there
were no hereditary Earls in England, :but.the Gover-
nours of Provinces, according to the cuſtom of that
age, were calld Eails, with addition of the title
ot this or that Province they govern'd :
Siward, ' the time | he -govern'd here, © was call'd
Earl of : Huntingdon $ bur ſoon afrer when he ge-
as this
vern'd - Northumberland, he. was. call'd Eark of Nor-
thumberland. He had a' fon calfd- Waideef, who,
under the title of Earl, had! the government of this
County, by the favour of William rhe Conquerour;
whate niece Judith by. his fifter on- the ! mother's
fide, he had married. Zhar Waldeof 'r- elde#} daughter
( fays William Gemeticenſis) was married to Simpy
- | de Senlys or St. Liz : fhe brought bing 'thbe Karldow
cw ?P
Hunting don, and had a [on by him eall'd Simon. er
her benband's deceaſe, ſhe was married #0 David, St.
Maud the Queen of England s Brothen,. ( who. was af
terwards King of Scotland ) by whom ſhe bad a fon
nam'd Herry, Afterwards, as Fortune and Princes
Favours alter'd, this Dignity was enjoy'd ſometimes
by the Scots, and other times by the Sr. Lizes ; firſt,
Henry the fon of Dawid, then Simon St. Lizes, Si-
= mon the tirlt's ſon; after him, Malcolm King of
Scotland, Earl Henty's brother ; after his deceaſle,
Simon St. Liz, the third, who dying without heirs,
was f{.icceeded by William King of Scotland, and
Malcolm's Brother. Thus ſays Ralph de Diceto in
the year 1185. when he flourith'd ; When Simon Earl
Simon's ſon dy'd without children, the King reſtor d to Wil-
' his fon Fobn
mariy'd King Henvy the thirds daughter, bad held
ths title a licele while, and che Wars broke in; the
Scores loſt this 'honpur, belides'a' fair inheritance in
England. A :good while after, Edward then third
creared Wilkie ' Clmton © Earl! of © Huntingdon -;
his place ; and after his death, Joby Holland,” He
was fucceeded' by Foby't: and | Hehry his ſons; who
were each of them alſo Dukes of Exeter. The ſame oy
o that" \Philip| Comines ( as he Jug 5”
affirms) ſaw "begging bare-foot" in the Low Comm- Cap. 50.
"
Duke' of Fer,
tries, whilſt he' kept firm tothe Houſe of Lancafter,
chough he had married Edward' the fourth's own
' (Mer. Next to him, Thomas Grey, afterwards Mer-
| queſs of Dorſer, hold'this honout a little while. It is
evident fromthe Records; this Williow Herbers Earl
of Pembroke, again brought in the Charter of Cyeation,
whereby his father was made Earl of Pembroke, into
the Chancery to be cancelled; "4nd that Edward the
fourth created him Earl of Huntingdon in the ſe-
venteenth year of his reign. But in the memory of
our fathers, Henry the eighth ſerrcled this honour
upon George Lord Haſtings. But Francs Lord Haft-
ings, his fon, dying in his life-time, this honour de-
{cended to Henry his fon, a truly honourable per-
ſon, both for Nobility and Piety : he dying without
heirs, his brother George ſucceeded him , whoſe
grandchild by a fon Henry, enjoys the honour at
this day.
* (WM /o was ſlid Duke of Exceſter, Earl of Huntingdon and ITyory, Lord of Sparre, Admiral of England and Ireland, Lieutenant of Awviitain,
and Conſtable of the Tower of London. )
This little Shire contains 78 Pariſhes.
\
LS _
ADDITIONS to HUNTINGDONS HIRE.
Un! ing donſbre, call'd in * Saxon Þun-
zanounepcype, and by later Writers
Hunteduneſcire, and Huntyng donſchyre,
is ot very ſmall extent, ſcarce ſtrerch-
107 out it {c]t 20 miles, tho* mealur'd to the belt ad-
| + It has been an obſervation upon this
Vai}tage.
_ County, that the families of it have been ſo worn
out, that tho' it has been very rich in Gentry , yet
but few Sirnames of any note are remaining, which
can be drawn down beyond the reign of the laſt
Henry. The cauſe of ſuch decay in places nearer
I ondon, is plain egough ; wiz. the many temprtati-
ons to luxury and high living , and the great wealth
of Merchants always ready to ſupply their extrava
rance with money, till the whole be run out. Bur
this cannot hold here ; ſo that we muſt fee whether
a reaſon brought by a later Author will not folve it,
wit,. That mot of the County being Abby-land, upon the
D:/ſolution many new Purchaſers planted themſelves bere-
in ; and perhaps their new poſſefflions might have
the lame ms that Church-revenues have had in other
places, where they fell into Lay-hands.
'b] Our Author obſerves that it was all Fore#t till
the time of Henry the ſecond. But, if we may be-
lieve Sir Robert Cotton ( who ſent the account to
Speed, and had himſelf deſign'd a Hiſtory of the
County) this was never fully effected till the time of
Edward 1. For Henry 2. did pretend to efranchi/e
hu ſubje&ts of thus Shire from ſervitude of has beaits, ex-
cepr Wabridge, Saple, and Herthy, bs own Demains.
Ent ſuch were the encroachments of the ſucceed-
ing Reigns, that the poor inhabitants were forc'd to
petition for redreſs ; which was granted them by the
great Charter of Henry 3. Onaly , tis fon relumd
the fruits of his father's kindneſs, till in the 29th
The government of the County 1s very peculiar,
Cambridge(hire in the Civil adminiſtration being joyn'd
to It : {> that there is but one High-ſheriff tor both
Shires. He is one year choſen out of Cambridgeſhire,
out of the Je of Ely a ſecond, and a third out of this
Shire. Inthe Iſle of Ely he is one time choſen out
of the north part, and out of the ſouth, another.
pears formerly to have been a flouriſhing town, rec-
koning no leſs than 15 Churches ; tho' in our Au-
thor's time they were reduc'd to four ; and of theſe
' the zeal of the late times only left ewo. The cauſe of
Richard the' fecond put 'Gwiſcard'''de Angoleſmit (ins
436.
lam K. of Scotland the County of Huntingdon with all its
Then. his brother. Dyv4d had-*; end Marth. Par.
| Sege Earl of Cheſter;'who dy'd'wirh-
out' heirs ; and when Alexander ''the ſecond;' who
1243.
c Dukes
{c] Irs chief town is Huntingdon, in Saxon Dun- Hunting-
zanoune, Þuncenoune, Þunten»unepont ; which ap- 43
| this decay ſeems to have been the || alteration made || Corron
Author calls him) who procur'd the paſlage of it to
be ſtop'd, whereas before to the great advantage of
che Inhabitants, it was navigable as far as this town.
King John granted it by Charter, a pecu/;ar Coroner,
profit by Toll and Cuſtom, a Recorder, Town-Clerk ,” and
two Bailiffs ; but at preſent it is incorporated by the
name of a Mayor, ewelve Aldermen and Burgeſles.
year of his reign, he conftirm'd the former Charter,
and left no more of this ſhire Foreſt, than what was! call'd by our Hittorians Kingsdelfe. But whatever x, mus
his own ground.
in the river by Grey ( a Minion of the time, as my in Speed.
[d] Its neighbour Geodmancheiter, probably by the Godman-
methods our Author mentions, grew ſo wealthy and <tr,
conſiderable, that in the reign of King James 1. it
was incorporated by the name of eo Barhkffs, rwelve
Alſifants, and commonalty of the Burrough of Goodman-
cheFter.
e] Lower down upon the river is St. Its , which 5, 7.4.
a late Writer calls a fair, large, and ancient town, with
a fine Stone-bridge over the Ouſe. But within thefz
chree or four years, it was a great part of it burnc
down, and whether it have fo tar recover'd it felt,
as to merit that character at preſent, | know not.
[f] Berween Ramſey and Pererborrow , our Author
obſerves that King Canutus made a large Cawley,
way
-
CO ee Er a AE ee er ara A. EE rm OT whe - Wars -
ona <
oO CLI - A oy tr A AA AER As 9s a E
_ —_— eater ne ere ni a i OC OO ICICI ITS eG eon.. oo EOS oe Gnas =, 4.
—_ =_
—
po 42
{h] Legbron, mention'd by our Author to be the Leightor
—— —— ——— —
—
way our Authors mark out by that name, *tis certain |
4. hoo $9 WEE bon rr iy
.
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A et Ls EE. IE. EEE EE EET ta, q OG ants 0" OO OT
ey cannot mean Canutws's road ; for the name Kings-
delf or Cinzerozlf in thoſe uu appears upon Re.
cord before Canutus's time; I mean in the reign-of
King Edgar, who in his Charter to the Church of Pe-| 7
terburrow, * makes this Cingerozlf one of the bounds
of his. Donation. Beſides,the zl} will not anſwer a
via conſftrate lapidibus, or pav'd way, but feems rather
to mark out to us ſome ditch drawn at firſt for the
draining thoſe fenny grounds,and reducing the waters
into one chanel.
[8g] On the weſt ſide of this County; is Kimbolton,
which our Author fays, in his time, was the ſeat of
the Wingfields. It has ſince paſs'd from them by ſale
tothe Monntagues, and Henry Earl of Manchelter ot
, that name very much improv'd the Caſtle , ſparing
+Lel. [tin.
M<.vol. 1.
no coſt that might add to its beauty. + It was Sir
Richard Wingfield who built new Lodgings and Galle:
ries upon the old foundations of this Caſtle, which
was double ditch'd, and the building of it very ſtrong,
Here is at 4 mk a pretty fair town ſeated in a bot-
tom, which gives the title of Baron.t0 the Right Ho-
nourable the Earl of Mancheſter.
leat of the Cliftons, is now the Lady Butler's, daugh-
ter and heir to the late Richard Earl of Arran, who
had it in .marriage with the ſole daughter of
eames Duke of: Richmond, as this Duke had by
the Lord Cliftor's.
Continuation of the EARLS.
Henry, the laſt Earl mention'd by our Author, had
by Elizabeth ( daughter -and coheir to Ferdinando
Earl of Derby) Ferdinando Earl of Huntingdon, fa-
ther to Jas the ſeventh Earl of that name, who
was Captain of the Band of Gentlemen Penſioners,
Privy-Councellor to King Charles 2.and Kiog James,
by whom he was made chief Juſtice in Eyre of all
the Foreſts ſouth 'of Trent ; as alſo Lieutenant of the
Counties of Leiceſter and Derby. His fon and heir
apparent is George Lord Haſtings.
—
I bave not as ou obſerved any Plants peculiar to this
_ ; the more rare bemg common to it with Cambrilge-
ire,
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x "NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
CAR TT MT
E are now to vifit the Coritani, a People living imward from the Iceni.,, and taking up a
wery large Tratt of Ground in the Mediterranean parts of this Iſle, as far as the. German Ocean,
viz. the Counties now commonly call'd Northamptonſhire, Leiceſterſhire, Rutlandſhire,
Lincolnſhire, Nottinghamſhire, and Derbyſhire.1 ſhall forbear medling with the Etymology
of their name, for fear I ſhould pretend to know what's a downright myſtery. For notwithſt and-
ing they are a People ſcattered far and wide, which the Britams expreſs by Gur-tani, yet ſhould
- a en erm RI
*Urony Then Weden and Wapiham, which the family of the
Rick Pinkneys beld by Barony ; till ſuch time as H. de Pink.
I, according to my d
—_—
[ aſſert that theſe Coritani took their name from thence, would you not think this mere trifling £
Let thoſe who are better skill'd in that ſort of Learning more ſafely give their conjettures ; whitt
eſign, ſurvey each of the Counties 1 now mentioned, m their reſpective oracr.
—— — -
—
NORTHAMP®P
H E County of Northampton, in Sax-
on Nopþ-apen»on-rcyne, and * Nor
ſhire, is ſituate inthe very middieand
heart, as it were , of England ; and
from the Sourh-weſt-ſide, where it is
broadeſt, contra&ting it ſelf by degrees, runs out 1n
l:ngth to the North-eaſt. On the Eaſt lye the Coun-
ties of Bedford and Huntingdon , on the South thoſe
of Buckingham and Oxford, Weſtward Warwick, and
Northward thoſe of Le:ceſter, Rutland , and Lincoln,
ſeparated by the rivers Avon the leſs, and che Welland.
IWailing-ſftreer, one of the Roman high-ways , runs
along the Eaſt-fide from the Ouſe to Dowbriage :
the Nen, call'd alſo by Hiſtorians Aufona, genely cuts
through the middle and eaſt parts. It is a Champain
Country, very populous, and every where adorn'd
with Noblemen and Gentlemen's houſes, very full ot
Towns and Churches, infomuch that in ſome places
there are 20, in others 3o Spires or Steeples, more
or leſs, in view at a time. les foil both tor cillage and
paſturage, exceeding fertile ; but not well ftock'd
with wood, unleſs at the hither and further end. But
every where, as in other Provinces of England, full,
and as it were, over-run with ſheep, which (as that
Hythod us (aid) w'd to be ſo gentle, andfed with ſo little;
* but no, as "tis reported , begin to be ſo ravenons and wild,
that they devour men, waſte and depopulate fields, houſes,
and towns ( a].
On the South border, where the river Ouſe fo of-
ten mention'd , has its ſpring , on a gently riſing
ground, full of bubbling fountains , ſtands Brack/ey,
thantonſbire, commonly Nortbampton- |
TONSHIRE.
cheir heirs; whereas, according to Tacitus, a good
father makes no Prince, but a bad one, his heir. From
nine takes notice of, but not in its right place. For
I am of opinion,this was that very place we now call
Torcefter ; nor are there good Arguments wanting to
prove this. It Trimontium in Thrace had that name
of three Hills, Triturrita in Tuſcany of three Towers,
and Tripolis of three Cities ; there is no room todoubr,
but that this Tripontium of ours , was ſo nam'd of
three Bridges. And here at this Torceſter, the Roman
Prztorian or Military-way, which very plainly ap-
pears in ſeveral places between this and Srony-Strat-
ford, is cut in two by three principal chanels that the
little river divides ic ſelf into; which as well anciently
| (as now) muſt have had of neceflicy three ſeveral
Bridges over them. Now if you ask a Britain how he
calls Three Bridges in Bri:iſh, he will preſently anſwer
you, Tair ponte;and certain perſons of good credit, from
whom I receiv'd ſome Roman coins here, poſitively
—_— c_—_—
hence I preſently came to Tripontium , Which Anto- Triponzium
athrm that Torce#er is its true name, and think it was Some will
ſo call'd of Towers. Neverthelets, Marianus calls it
have the
River's
Toueceſter (if the Book be not faulty, ) in whom we name, Toue,
read, that this town was fo fortified in the year of
our Lord 917. that the Danes were by no means able
to take it ; and that King Edward the Elder after-
wards encompals'd it wich a Stone-wall ; yet with all
my fearch I could find no ſigns of any ſuch Wall.
Only there is a Mount ſtill remaining, caſt up in
ancient times; they call it Berihi}, now taken up in
private Gardens, and planted on every fide with
Cherry Trees. And time it ſeit has fo ruin'd the town,
that is, a place full of brake or fern; anciently a fa- that it 15 beholden to the tituation , the name , and
mous [taple for Wooll, bur which now only boaſts | the ancient Coins ever now and thea found here, for
ho-v great and wealthy it once was, by its ruins, |
and by a Mayor it retains for its chiet Magiſtrate.
The Zouches, Lords of the place, founded a Coilege
there ; from them it came ſuccefhively by righe ot
marriage to the Hollands and the Lowvels. Burt upon
the attainder of Love! in King Henry the ſeventh's
time, the Stanleys,by the King's grant, became Lords
{ 1ts reputation of antiquity. For it has nothing worth
| taking notice of, but one only Church, large and tair,
| in which D. Sponte, formerly Re&or thereof , by re-
port a good Benefactor both to Church and Town,
lies enterr'd in a Tomb of excellent workmanſhip.
But at Elton hard by , you have a profpedt of a tine
houſe belonging to the family of the Farmers
Knights.
of it, But the College, ruinous now, belongs to Mag-
dalen College in Oxford, who keep it for a retiring place
Nor was this town a lit:le famous in former ages for
the memory of Rumbald a young infant, who (as we
read in his life) was a King's ſon; and as ſoon as he
1he river that waters TerceFer, in its courſe from
thar runs
by it.
Grafron.
Widdevi; or
hence towards the Ouſe, runs by Grafron, now an wad...
Honour of the King's, but formerly a ſeat of the
family of Widdewil, cut of which came Richard, a
was born, after he had ſpoken I know not what ho. | perſon much renowned for his virtue and valour, who
ly words, had profeſs d himſelf a Chriſtian, and had | was fined 100c /. of owr money by King Henry the
been immediately baptiz'd, expir'd *.
From hence northward, after I had gone fix miles
through woods and groves, firſt I ſaw A##well, where
T. Billing (formerly Lord Chief Juſtice of the King's
Bench)dwelt in great repute : from whom it deſcend-
cd hereditarily to the ancient family of the Lowes.
ney made King Edward the firſt his heir. Who be-
ſixth , for marrying 7:qur (Cowager of John Duke
ct Bedford, and dauginter of Perer of Luxenburgh
Earl of St. Paul) without leave of the King. Yer
nour of Baron Widdevil of Rivers. With Elizabeth
(this Lord's daughter) King Edward'the tourth pri-
vately contracted marriage , being the nrft of our
Kings fince the Conqueit that married his Subject,
But thereby he drew upon himlelt and her relations
ing an excellent Prince, many ill men made him
a world of troubles, as may be fcen in our Hiſtories.
— —
« Re the Ad litioas ro Hamihire, under the title Sournampton.
t 4:1 doinr cans)
! 5x 2; Drople ammyſt the Saints, bad his comemard;cvn xe
_
; both here and at Buckingham.
The
afcerwards he advanced the fame perſon to the Ho- Parl.2 711.6.
—_——
431
COR 1
-— — -- — _ — — - — es om
TENT.
Earls Ri-
VET,
» Edw. 1.
£-:1\table
-1vland-
The ſaid Richard Widdewil, Lord of Rivers, Grafton, |
and Dela Mote, was by Edward the fourth, now his
Son in-law, advanc'd (theſe are the very words of the
Charter cf Creation) #0. be Earl of Rivers, by the cim-
ture of a Sword, to have to bim and his heirs males,
with the fee of 20 |. by the hands of the Sheriff of Nor
thampton. And ſoon after he was with great ſtate
and folemnity conſtituted Conſtable of England (I
— — ——--
ther diſpell'd this miſt, or I my ſelf am in a cloud.
He points out Northampton, and I am of opinion char
Antena has been foilted into Tacitus inſtead of 7/1.
ma, pon which Northampton is ſeared. For the
very heart or middie ot England is counted to te
near it ; where, out of one hill ſpiing three rivers
running different ways; Cherwell to the ſouth ,
—
4
Leame to the welt (which, as it haſtens:to the Se.
ſpeak out of che original Patent ) To eccupy, manage, | vern, is receiv'd by another * ,14on,) and this Avon * 1...
and execute the ſaid Office by himſelf or his ſufficiens Depu- | or Nen] to the eaſt. Of which, thet&+ two vc to + 1;
ties for term of life, receiving yearly 202 pound out of the | crols England overthwart, chat whagver comes out
Exchequer, with full power and authority to take cogni- | of the northern parts of this Iſland, nwlt of nect{lity
Lance, and proceed in cauſes of and concerning the crime | pals over one of che two. When therefore O/tori/zs
of High Treaſon, or the occaſcon thereof : alſo to hear, ex- | had fortined the Severn and theie two Avors, he had
amine, and in due time determine the cauſes and buſineſs | no cauſe to fear any danger out of Wales or the
oforeſaid, with all and ſingular matters thence ariſing, | north parts of Bricain, eicher to his Romans or A}-
thereunto mcident, or therewith conjoyned, ſummarily and | lies ; who at that time had reduced only the neareſt
from the Bench, without noiſe, or formal judgment , | parts of this Iſle into the torm of a Province, as Ta-
Sicy Freit.
Barons La
tamcr.
hawing only regard to the truth of the fatt, ayd with the
King's hand or power, if it ſhall be thought convenient m
cicus himſelf witneſſes in another place [ c |.
Thoſe great fortifications and military fences to be G'
our behalf, without all appeal *. But afrer his having 'ſeen at G:/dsborough and Dantrey (between the ſprings |)
enjoy d theſe honours for a good while, he was beat
in the battcl of Edgcote, fighting for his Son-in-law ;
and foon after in:ercepreed; and beheaded.
And altho' this family died as it were, and ended in
his ſons ; Anthony Earl Rivers being beheaded by Ri-
|
|
chard the third, and R:chard and his Brothers dying |
ifſuele; yet from the daughters {prang very fair and
noble branches. For from them iffucd che Royal
Line of England, the Marquilles of Dorſer, Earls of
Efſex, Earls of Arundel , Earls of Worceſter, Earls of
Dirby, and Barons Stafford | b |.
Behind Grafton is Sacy Foreſt, a place ſet apart for
game. More Eaſtward the villages lye {catter'd chick
every where, amongſt which theſe are of greateſt
note. B/iſworth the feat of the Wakes, deicended
trom the jamous _ of the Barons of Wake and
E/oteville ; Pateſhull which gave name formerly to a
|
of the two Avons, which run different ways, and
where only there is pallage into the hither part of
Britain, without any rivers to hinder it ) may fem
to be ſome of che torts which Oftorias erected. That
at Gildiborough is great and large, but this other art
Dantrey is greater and larger ; for being four-ſquare,
upon an high hill, from whence all the Country be.
neath may be ſeen far and near, and having on the
eaſt-ſide a Mount ( they call it Spe/wel/, ) it encloſes
within a caſt-up bank two hundred acres or there-
abouts. Within which the Country people find now
and then Coins of the Roman Emperours, certain
proofs of it's antiquity. They are much miſtaken
therefore, who will 6 it to be a work of the
Danes, and that the town under it was thence nam'd
Dantrey ; now well known for it's Inns, and had
formerly a Religious-houſe of Auguſtin Fryers,
noted family ; Greenes-Norton, (1o nam'd of the Greenes,
perſons fam'd in the laſt age for their wealth )
which ( as 'tis reported ) H. de Faweſly founded.
Ac the head ol the Avon or Nen ( to make a ſtep
call'd before, if I miſtake not, * Norton Dany , and | backwards) ſtands Catesby, that gave name to an an- C::5
beld im Capite of the King , by the Service of lifting up |
the right band towards the King, yearly on Chriſtmas-day, |
m what place ſoever be then was in England. Warden, a
Hundred, which had its Lords deſcended from Guy |
de Rembudcourt a Norman, whoſe eſtate came by the
Foliots to Guiſcard Leddet , whoſe daughter Chriſtian
bare unto her husband, Henry de Braibrook, a nume- |
rous iflue. But Gu{card the eldeſt aflum'd his mo- |
thers ſirname, Leddet. Shortly after, this great eſtate |
was divided by females betwezn lam and Febz
Latimers of Coiby, brothers. From the laſt the Griffin;
in this County had their original; as trom the tirſt,
the Latimers Barons of good antiquity in Yorkſhire.
Higher in the Country, northward, ariſes the ri-
ver Auſona or Avon ( for Avon in the Britiſh tongue
15 a £encral name of all rivers ) calld Nez by the in-
habitants, and paſlles from the welt-ſfide ol this Coun-
cient family, but now of execrable memory for a
molt cruel and horrible plot, ncver varallel'd in any
age, which Robert Catesby of Aſbby St. Leger, the dil-
honour of his family, ( running headlong upon vil-
| lanies, gaping atrer the molt dece{table cruelies, and
; impioully conſpiring the deſtruction of his Prince
| and Country) lately contriv'd under a fpecious pre
text of Religion. Of this let all ages be tilene, and
let not the mention of it convey this ſcandal to poſte-
rity, which we our ſelves cannot refle&t on without
horrour ; nay, the dumb and inanimate Beings ſeem
two be moved at the hainouſnefs of fuch a villanous
leys have long dwelt, adorn'd with the honour of
Knighthood, deſcended from the more ancient fa-
ty (making many reaches by the winding of its banks)
in a manner through the midit of this Province, to
which 1t is a continual blefling. A very noble river
A A dT” ap |
zrat. That is, it I mifunderitand not the place, he
y placing Forts up and down upon thele rivers, un-
a Military-way goes diretly from hence north-
dertakes to reſtrain the Britains beyond the river,
ward, with a Cauley oft broken and worn away ; but
and thoſe of :hs Province, from afliſting one another | moſt of all over-againſt Creke a village, where of necel-
againſt the Romans. What river this ſhou'd be, none
wW - —_ — _— — —
+ A Manuſcr'pt Colicftion of Tenures by $:7;-.7
County.
* Aforrover ah14t that time he was niece Lord Trial ner of E
7 in the hards of Henry Warſlly of Lincolns Ian Eſyuire, pats this frrice rreer 4745
| I:ty it was joyn'd with bridges, bur ciſewhere it appea's
can tell. Liplius, the Apollo of our age, hath ei- |
with a high ridge as far as Dow ige near Lilporne:
——— ———_ — —
- .
1 03
-
ngland.
Y*.oa's
1: ow
conſpiracy. Hard by is Faweſley, where the Knight fo%#
*
— ——
—_ FP.
_
DRT HAM
RO,
P
TONSHIRE. EY
#
—_— lt AM.
A little. more northward I ſaw Althorp, the feat
of the noted family of the Spencers Knights, allied to
very many Hquſes of great worrh arid honour out
of which Sir Robert Spencer, the fitth Knight in a con-
tinued ſucceſſion; a worthy encourager of virtue and
learning,was by his moſt ſerene Majeity K. James late-
ly advanced to the honour of Baron Spencer of Worm-
+. lzighton. Hard by Althorp, Holdenby-bouſe makes a no-
=3- ble appearance, a ſtately and truly magnificent piece
>ito- of building, ereted by Sir Chriſtopher Hatton ( Privy
#z- Counſellour to Qu. Elizabeth, Lord Chancellour of
»; England, and Knight of the Garter) upon the
3- Jands and inhericance of his great grandmother, heir
of the ancient family of the Holdenbys for the greateſt
and laſt monument, as himſelf afterwards was wont
to ſay, of his youth. A perſon, to fay nothing of
him but what is his due, eminent for his piety to.
wards God, his love for his Country, his untaint-
ed integrity and unparalleld charity. One alfo
(which is not che leaſt part of his character ) that
was always ready to e Learning. "Thus as
he liv'd piouſly, fo he fell aſleep piouſly in Chriſt.
Yet the monument the learned in their writings have
raisd to him, ſhall render him more illuſtrious than
that moſt noble and ſplendid comb in $t. Paul's
Church, London, deſervedly and at great charges
ereted to the memory of fo great a perſon, by Sir
William Hatton Kr. his adopted ſon.
Beneath theſe places, the Nen glides forward with
a gentle ſmall ſtream, and is ſoon after encreas'd by
the influx of a little river ; where, at the very meet-
,p- ing of them, the City, called after the river, Nor-
thafandon, and in ſhort Nort on , is fo ſeated,
that on the weſt-ſide it is water'd with this river,
and on the ſouth with the other. Which I was of
late eafily induced to imagine the ancient Bannaven-
1s: butIerrd in my conjecture, and let my confel-
ſion atone for it. As for the name, it may ſeem to
have had it from the ſituation upon the north-ſide of
the Aufons. The City it ſelf, which ſeems to have
been all of fone, is in it's buildings very neat and
fine, for compaſs large enough, and wall'd about :
from which walls there is a noble proſpect every way
inco a ſpacious plain Country. On the welt-ſide ir
ic*5. hath an old Caſtle, beautiful even by it's antiquity,
x of built by Simon de San#o Licio,commonly calt'd Senliz,,
the firſt of chat name Earl of Northampton 5 who
joyned likewiſe to it a beautiful Church dedicated
to St. Andrew, for his own ſepulcurez and, as *cis
_ re-edifed the town. Simon the. younger
, his fon, founded without the town [| De {2 Pree,
a Nunnery. It ſeems to have lain dead and negleR-
ed during the Saxon Heptarchy, neither have our Wri-
ters made any where mention of it iti all' thoſe de-
predations of the Danes; unleſs it was when Sweno
the Dane with barbarous fury and outrage ravag'd
all over England. For then, as Henry of Hunting-
don reports, it was ſet on fire and burne co the
ground. In the reign of St. Edward there were in
this City, as we find in Domeſday, 60 Burgeſſes in
the King's Domain, having as many Manſions : of theſe,
in King William 1. time, 14 lay waſte, and 47 re-
mained. Ovver and above theſe there were in the new Bo-
rough 40 Burgeſſes in the Domain of K. William. Aſter
the Normans time, it valiantly withſtood the fiege
laid to it by the Barons, during the troubles and
llaughters with which chey had then embroil'd the
whole Kingdom. Who being malicioufly bent againſt
King John for private and particular reaſons, did yet
lo cioak them with ces 'of Religion and the
common good, that they termed themlelves The Ar-
my of God and of Holy Church. At which time, they
lay, that military work was made, they call Hun:bil.
Bur it-ftogd not out with like ſacceſs againſt Hen. 3.
their lawful King, as it did againſt thoſe Rebels For
when the Barons, brought up and now inur'd to fedi-
ton, begun a war againſt him in this place, he made
a breach in the wall, and ſoon won it by aſſault. Af.
Ya
IIBGE |
"Pray.
ter this, as before alſo, the Kings now and then held
their Parliaments here, for the conveniency ot its
ſituation, as it were in the very heart of England :
and in the year of Chriſt 1460. a lamentable batral
was here fought, wherein (ſuch was the Civil divi-
fion-of England ) after the ſlaughter of many of the
Nobility, Richard Newill Earl of Warwick took that
moſt unfortunate Prince, King Hen. 6. then a ſecond
time made Priſoner by his ſubje&s. To conclude, the
| longitude of Northampton onr Mathematicians mike
22 deg. 29 min. and the latifude 52 deg. 14 min. [d }.
From hence the Nen haſtens by Caftle-Aſbby ,
where Henry Lord Compton has begun a very |
fine Houſe : near which is Yardley Haſtings, to Yardley:
ſirnam'd of the Haſtings once Earls of Pembroke,
to whom it belong'd? ; to Willigborow a market,
anciently Wedlingborough 4 Here a rivulet from
the eaſt runs into ir, coming down by Ruſhten
and Newton belonging to the Treſhams ; by Gedding-
ton, where there was a Caſtle of the Kings, and
where there yer remains a Croſs erected in honour
of Queen Eleanor, Kihg Edward 1. Conſort ; by
Boughton, belonging to the f:mily of Montacutes Kcrering.
Knmghts [e]; by Kettering a well-traded matket- , ,, .....--
town, near Which ſtands Rouwel, a noted Horſe- in [c2.c-
fair [ f]; by Burron, the Barony likewife ( if 1 mi- ”'*
{take nor the narhe ) of Alaz de Dinant, ( for King
Henry 1. gave him a Barony of that name in this
County, for killing the French King's Champion in
ſingle Combat at Gizors 3) and by Harrouden, the Lord 32w0n
whereof * Nicholas Vaulx, Governour of Guines in * ©
Picardy, K. Hen. 8. created Baron Yaulx of Harrouden.
Hence the Nen keeps his courſe to Higham,a town 5
formerly belonging to the Ferrers, from whom it
took the name of Higham-Ferrers ; who had here alſo High
their Caſtle, the ruins whereof are yet to be ſeen
near the Church. But the chief ornament of this place
was Henry Chicheley Archb. of Canterbury, who found-
ed here a fine College for Secular Clerks and Preberi- Founder of
daries, as likewiſs an Hoſpital for the Poor. Thence —_
it runs by Addington, anciently belonging to the YVeres ; Match. Par-
and wa on commonly call'd Thrapſton +, *
and it's oppoſite Drayton, the ſeat, in the laſt age, of
H. Greei, but — his daughter of Fobn and
Edward Stafford Earls of Wiltſhire. Now *tis the Lord
Mordaum's, to whom it deſcended heredicarily from
the. Greens, Gentlemen of great reputation in ch:is
County. Thence' it runs almoſt round about a pret-
R little cown, which takes it's name from it 3; Owndale oundule.
they call ir, corrupely for Avondale, where there is
nothing worth ſeeing, bur a fine neat Church, a Free-
{choolk-for the education of youth, 2nd an Alms-
houſe founded by Sir Wiliam Laxton fomerime Lord
Mayor of London. In the neighbourhood ſtands
Barnwell, a lictle Caſtle, lately repair'd and beauti Parnwell
fhed:-with' new buildings by the worthy Sir Edward
Mont-acute Knight, of the ancient family of the
Mont-acutes, as appears by his Coat of Arms. Ir for-
merly belong'd to Berengarins le Moigne, that is, Monk,
and not, as ſome think, to that Berengarias of
Tours, whoſe opinion concerning the Eucharift was
condemn'd. in a Synod || held by the Biſhop of Rome.
After this it ſalutes Forheringbay-Caſtle, environ'd on Fothering-
every ſide with very pleaſant Meadows, which in
Henry 3.'s time (when the Strong-holds encourag'd
the Nobility to revolt ) was furprisd by William
Earl of Albemarle, who laid all the Country round
about” walte, as Matth. Paris informs us. Ar which
time it ſeems to have heloneg'd to the Earls of Hune-
ingdon *. A good while after, K. Edw. 3. afltign'd ir
t as it were, for an inheritance or {4ppennage (as they f Quz/ ::
call it) to his fon Edmwnd of Langley Duke of York, ©7444
who rebuilt che Caitle, and made che higheſt Forti- '
fication- or Keep thereof in form of a Horſe- Ferrer 7,
which was ths family of 7ert's Device, His fon Ed-
ward; 'Duke of York, in the ſecond year of Hen. g.
An. 1415. (as appears by an Inſcription there in bar-
| barous verſe ) founded a very fine Collegiate Church,
_—
C— ——
not emis Horton, when as wh =
vaniſh d wit
0 Aud Wea
of the Ferrers, y Be
! and, to turn a little . 1 ma
E#boring Par, Baron pe 7 er which honour
yo and Lane. | the gs a a ng
aff of t anda
os mp ff of the Pevereils, and after by t
« 8 yuger brother.
"7 Which but) of it ſelf, and mith a Falcon in it, was bis Devi or hopeY as
8. created Sir W. Pay Lord thereof, Uncle and Chamberlain to Qu-on
»n, when he left only daughters, who were married into the families 0
-A roy bourky by obn at the ſuit © nouns + Lou. b
me likewiſe to thern. |} Of 113 Biſhops. © Who were of the Royal race
implying that he was locked wp Form all great hope,
v wherein
— — —————— —
Cicely
D.inicks of
York.
t I npotens.
ICO-R
T0
Ta MN LIL
_— — ——_—_——_———_
wherein bimſelf, after he was ſlain at
Agincourt, a5 allo Richard Duke of X ork bis Brother's
fon, who lolt his life ar Wakefield, and his Wiſe Cicely
Newil, had all magnificent monuments; which were
thrown down and ruin'd , together wich the upper
part, [ or Chancel] of the Church *. But Queen E-
lizabeth commanded ewo monuments to be fer up 1n
memory of them, in the lower end of the Church
now ſtanding ; which neverthelels (fuch was their
pinching and ſparing who had the charge of the
work) are look'd upon as very mean, and unworthy
ſuch great Princes deſcended from Kings , and
from whom the Kings of England are delcend-
ed?. The ſaid Cicely ſaw plainly within the com-
pals of a few years what paſtime f unruly and un-
conſtane Fortune ( if I may fo fay, ) creates her
ſeif out of the miſeries of the mighty. For the ſaw
her husband Duke Richard, even then when he
thought himſelf ſure of the kingdom, and her ſon
the Earl of Rutland, ſlain together in a bioody bat-
tel ; and ſome few years after, her eldeſt ſon Edward
the fourth advanc'd to the * Crown, and taken away
by an untimely death; having before made away Þ his
brother, George Duke of Clarence. Afrer this the ſaw
her {on Richard forcing his way to the Cruwn by the
lamentable murder of his Nephews and {lander of her
- his own Mother ( for he charg'd her openly with in-
continency;)ehen ſheſaw him poſlels'd of the kingdom,
and foon after lain in battel. 'Theſe her miſeries were
{> link'd together too , that the longer ſhe liv'd, the
gre iter forrow lhe felt,and every day was mare dole-
tul than other. As for what here befel another moſt
mighty Princeſs Mary Queen of Scots, I had rather
it hould be buried in oblivion, than once ſpoken of.
} et it be for ever forgotten, if poflible; if ner, let it
however be wrapped up in ſilence. Under the beſt
ot Princes, ſome there are who being once arm'd with
authority, know haw by ſecret flights to ſer a fair
tace of Conſcience and Religon upon their own pri-
vate deſigns: and ſome again, that ſincerely and
heartily conſult true Religion, their Prince's ſecurity,
and (which is the highelt law ) the publick ſafety. | f
Neither can it be deny'd, , but that even the belt of
Princes themlzives are ſometimes violently hurried a-
way, as good Pilots, with Tempelts, whicher they
weuid nuc. Dut what they do as crowned heads, we
mult leaveto God, who only hath powerover: Kings.
. The Nen now touching upan the edge of Han-
tingdonthire , and running: under a fine . Bridge
-. at WWalmesford, pailles by Duroprive, a very ancient
City, calld in axon Dormanceſter, as I {aid before:;
and which took up a great deal of ground on each
{ide the River in both Counties... For the lictle: vil-
lage Caferywich ſtands a mile from the river, ſeems
i have been-a part of it, by the inlaid chequer'd
pavenients found there ; tho}, we read this Inſcription
of later date upon their Church-wall: |
XV. KL MAII DEDICATIO' HV.
| LVS ECCLESLE MCXXUL..:
The fitrenth day before the Kalends of May, in the year
ons thanſrmd me hundred twenty four, was the dedication
of this Church.
Ard doubtleſs it was a place .of- more than ordinary
note ; tor in the adjoyning helds ( which initead of
Dormanton, thev call Normanton-fields) ſuch quantities
of Rowan coins are thrown up, that a man would
really chink they had been ſown there : and two high-
ways, the Cawſeys whereof are ſtill co be ſeen, went
trom hence; the one call'd Forty-foor-way,from its be-
ing Forty foot broad,ro Starford;the other,nam'd; Long.
«1tch, and High-freet, by Lolibamroridges (bridges cer-
tainly of great antiquity,- whereof eleven Arches are
{till ro be ſeen, cletc and ruinous with age) chrough
11-deping into Lincolnſhire, At the ftirſt_ parting
er _ en Am_— — —k_ — — — - —— — — _
; whence it took its name ; where Sir Reberr Winp f.el4
Ke. delcended from the ancient family of the + iny-
fields, that has brought forth abundance of renown 4
Knights, has a tine houle with lovely walks. From
Durobrive or Dormancheſter the river Nen paſſes on to
Peterborough, a little city ſeated in the very Angle of *:es.
2h
this County, where Writers tell us there was a gulph
in the river, of a prodigious depth, call'd Medes-we!,
and a town hard by it , nam'd thereupon Medes-wel..
hamſted , and Medes-hamſted. "This ( as Robert de
Swapham informs ut) was built in a wery fine place,
bawving on one fide a Mere and excellent waters, on th;
other many woods, meadows , and paltures, every way
beautiful to the eye; and inacceſſible by land on the Eaſt ſille
only. On the South ſide of the Burrough runs the rruey New.
In thermiddle of thu river there u a place o deep and col,
that in Summer none of your ſwimmers can dive to the
bottom of it, nor yet w it ever frozen in winter. For there
« @ ſpring continually bubbling up water. Thu place was
m ancient times call d Medes-well ; till ſuch time as Wol-
pher King of the Mercians dedicated bere & Monaſtery to
Sr. Peter. And becauſe the place was moriſh , he 1a:4
the foundation (as the ſame Robert affirms) with ones
of @ waſt bigneſs, ſuch, as eight yoke of Oxen would hard-
ly draw one of them ; which I my ſelf ſaw when the Mo-
you an account of its original and fiſt building, a-
bridg'd out of this Robert de Swapham(a Writer of good
antiquity.) Peada the fon of Pends, firſt Chriitian
King ot the Mercians, in the year af our Lord
'? 656. for the propagation of the Chriſtian Retigion,
laid the foundation of a Monaſtery at Aedas hbamted,
among the Grvians ||; which he liv'd not to finiſh, be-
ing made away by the wicked contrivances of his
wife. Afcer Peada, ſucceeded his brother Wolpher,
a bitter enemy to the Chriſtian Religion ; who moſt
inhumanly murder'd his own fons Welphald and Ryfis
for their having embrac'd it. But he hiauldlf ſome
ew years after turn'd Chriſtian, and- eo expiate his
impieties with good works, he carried on the Mona-
{tery his brother had began ; and wich the help of
his brother Erheldred his ſiſters Kinehurg and Kne-
fwith, finiſh'd it in the year 633. and dedicaced it to
St, Peter ( whence it came to be calld Pererborow )
endowing it with large revenues, and making Sex-
walph, a man of great piety (who principally. advis
him-to ehis work) firſt: Abbot thereof. This Mona-
ltery flouriſh'd from thence-forth , under a fair cha-
racer of. fanRity, fot about two hundred and four-
teen/years.;/till choſe.dreadful crimes came when the
| Danes, walted all before them. Then were the: Monks
malfaared, and the Monaſtery quice deſtroy'd; which
lay as:it were buried in its ruins fora hundred and
nine. years. Ac laſt about the year 960, Ethelwold
Biſhap of Wincheſter, a perſon wholly given up to
the encouragement of Monkery, began to rebuild it,
having the helping hand efpecially of King Edgar.
ſorrow and repentance for his owni-atid- his ' wife's
having over-laid a litcle- infant their only ſon, fpent
his whole eſtate in re-edifying this Monaſtery, bid
adien to the world, and was made the firft Abbot
afcer 4rs reſtoration. : It. has been: ever ſince famous
for its large revenues and great privileges though
in the reign of William the Norman , &rw4ard an
Englifh Out-law made an excurſion from the Ile
Ely, and plunder it. of al} its wealth ; againſt whom
and of Adulph the King's Chancellour, who, out of
171
the Bartel ol | of theſe ways ſtands Upron, upon a rifing ground, Us
naſtery was deſtroy'd. Afterwards it began to be call'd p++.
Peterborow Or Burgh, and was a very famous Mona. 8%:
ltery. 1 cannot but think it worth the while to give © ©
Abbot. Taro/d ereted ther Fort Mont Tarold. Yer wal in
it lookt:upon as very rich, till withir thememory of '*
| our fachers; when King Henry the eighth chrutt ont
the Monks every where, (accuſing them 'of- not ha:
ving obſerv'd the rule af. ctioſe holy meat the ancient
| Monks, .andof having -riotouſly waſted the goods of
-
8 in King Faward the ixth's time.
your pardor, when the gra veſt Aathors in as [ma
PRrm=y til
"9 The _ of 'rbe Kep before [nid built like T F-iterlork octafrencth me to tigref? z little and1 Fope with
matters have done the like. Edmmnd of Langly Duke of York, who built :
that Keep, 1d 49
«js the Glo[i-windows here wit l{Titer-lorrs, when he ſaw 175 Tons, bring young ;jc1-1ars, g4tmg upon the painted windows,ak'd them, wha: 4!
Latin '07 & £::ter-lock £ They fudying, and
nut, hoc Tecen vs, that 15, Hic, bet,
*
,
comm ana's that be ſhould uſe for his $nage the Fetter lack open, to verifie the proſage of his great grand-father. "8ut this by the-may.
| » 546. » |
wth 8 4/0, FECOUTIRS 37 at,
+ Her ſecoud jon aud Ke.
looking fulently one npen-an0:ber, not able-to anſwer : If you cannor reil me, ſays he, Þ will 'rell-you, Hi,
: be julent, ana quiet ; and #herewithal ag ted;-.God knowerin what may happen hereateer.” This King Ex-
ward the four: fous greet grandchild, reported pubiickly; when he havving attained i Crown, created Richard his youn
Jon Dake and then
oe:
| Or Finn (OUurry. © *
che
a =
- — —
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
——— — ----— - —_— <- PIR PT
che Church, which were the patrimony of che poor; )
and erected here a Biſhoprick, athgning this County
and Rutlendſbire for its Dioceſe ; a Deanery alſo, and
Prebends. So that of a Monaſtery it became a Ca
thedral Church, which, if you furvey is, building, is
very fine, even in reſpect of its antiquity ; its Front is
noble and majeltick,its Cloiſters fine and large; in the
Glaſs windows there is repreſented the hiſtory of
IWolpber the founder, with the ſucceſſion of its Ab-
bots. St. Mary's Chapel is a large piece of building,
and full of curious workmanſhip : and the Choir 1s
very fine; wherein ewo Queens, as unfortunate as
could be, Catharine of Spain , and Mary Queen of
Scots, lye interr'd, finding reſt here from all their
miſeries [ g].
Beneath Peterborow, the Nen, by this time re-
mov'd about five and forty miles trom its Spring-
head, and carrying along with it in its chanel all the
lictle ſtreams and land-floods occaſion'd by rain, di-
vides it ſelf into ſeveral branches. And by this means,
finding no certain courſe for its ſtream, diffuſes its
waters all abroad the plain Country , and overflows
it far and near in the winter, nay , and ſometimes
the greater part of the year ; ſo that it ſeems to be a
vaſt level Ocean, with here and there an Iſland bear-
ing up and appearing above the ſurface of the waters.
The cauſe the neighbouring peoplealledge to be this;
—
Gs mrs.
that of the three chanels, in which ſuch a vaſt deal
of waters was us'd to be convey'd, the firſt that went
tothe Ocean by Thorney Abby , and thence aſide by
Clowscroſs and - ak 0s - the ſecond allo, by the cut
made by Morton Biſhop of Ely, call'd the New Leame,
and then by Wubich ; have a long time been nheg-
leted : and upon this account, that the third whic
bends its courle down by Horſey-bridge, Wittles-mere ,
Ramſey-mere, and Salters load is not able to receive fo
much water; ſo that it breaks out with more vio-
lence upon the adjoyning Flars. And the Countr
complains of the injury done them, as well by thoſe
who have negleted the keeping open and clearing
the chanels, as by others that have diverted the water
to their private uſes : and as the Reatines in Tacitus,
they ſay, That Nature her ſelf hath well provided for
man's uſe in giving all rivers their iſſues and courſes, and
their endings as well as their ſprings. But ol this e-
nough,it not too much.
In this place the County is narroweſt; for between
the Nen and the river Welland ( one of the bounda-
ries on the North-ſide, ) it is ſcarce five miles over.
Upon the Welland, which Ethelwerd an ancient Wri-
b.>:ke. ter Calls © Weolod,near its ſpring {tands Braibrooke Caſt le,
kar ke DUNE by Robert May, alias de Braibrok, a great fa-
vourite of King John's ; whoſe fon Henry having
married Chri#tiana Ledet an heirels of a great eſtate,
his eldeſt ſon took the ſirname of Leder. From one
of whoſe grand daughters by his ſon (asI ſaid before)
It fell to the Latimers, and trom them to the Griffms,
who now enjoy it{h. Hard by amongſt the woods
I ſaw ſome few remains of a Monaſtery, call'd anci-
? 7x), ently De Diviſis, now Pipwell , founded by William
Buttevillem for Ciſtercian Monks in the reign of Hen-
ry the ſecond. From thence we have a light of Roc-
kivgham, a Caſtle ſometime of the Earls of Albemarle,
built by King William the Conquerour ; at which
Dmaldzy. time it was a 1/afte (as we find in Domeſday-book)
fortified with rampires, bulwarks, and a double range
of battlements, ſeated upon {the ſide of | an hill in a
woody foreſt,chereupon named Rockingham Foreſt | 1 |.
le runs next by Heringworth, the ſeat tormerly of the
'D: Can. * Cantlows, and now of the Lords Zouch, who fetch
+ their original from Eudo a younger fon of Alan de 1a
2 Zouch of Aſbby, and have grown up to an honourable
family of Barons ; having been much enobled by
matches wich one of the heirs of Cantlow, and alſo
he n- With another of Baron 4 Seymour; who likewiſe drew
wv. his pedigree from the heir of the Lord Zouch of 4ſh-
by, and the Lovels Lords of -Caſtle-Cary in Somer-
ſetſhire [k ]. | |
Here alſo in this Foreſt I ſaw Deane, belonging an-
Ciently to the Deanes, afterwards to the Timdal: ;
————— O— ——
which is worth mentioning, if ic were but for its
being at preſent a pleaſant feat of the Brudeneis ; of
which Family Sir Edmund Brudenel Kt.lately deceaſed,
was a great lover and admirer of venerable antiquicy.
The family likewile of Engain, which was both an- Rirone o:
cient and honourable, had their ſeat hard by at Bla- £5%n:
therwie( where now live the Houſe of Stafferds Knights,
deſcended from Ralph the firſt Earl of Stafford ) and
converted their Caltle, named Hymel, into a Mona-
ſtery. call'd Finiſheved. Their Wue-male fail'd about
200 years ago; but of the daughters, the eldeſt was
married to Sir 7obn Goldington, the ſecondto Sir Law-
rence Pabenham, and the third to Sir 1/ili@m Bernack,
Knights of great worth and honour. Here alſo we ſee
Apthorp, * the ſeat of that worthy Knight Sir Anthony
Mildemay, 'whoſe father Walter Mildemay , late Pri-
vy: Councellor to Queen Elizabeth , for his virtue,
wildom,;piety, favour to learning and learned men,
(ſhown by tounding Emeanuel-Colcge in Carnbrids)
bath worthily deſery'd to be regiltred among the belt ,,
men of this age. In the neighbourhood liands 7horr- hi
baugb, belonging formerly tothe family of | Semarc, groan
and now to the right honourable #iliaw Riel lon of 4,
Francis Earl of Bedford, deſcended of theſame ftami-
Y [ of Semarc, ] whom King James for his virtues and
aithful ſervice in Ireland while he was Lord Deputy
there, advanced to. the dignity of Baron Ruſſe! of
Thornbaugh. Neither is the little Town of Weledon to welledon.
be paſt by, conſidering that anciently it went for a Ballers ot
Barony, which by Maud daughter and heir of Geoffrey
de Ridell (who was drown'd with King Henry the
tirſt's ſon) deſcended to. Richard Baſſet Lord Chief
Juſtice of England; in whoſe race it continued cill
K.Henry the fourth's time, when (Male-iflue failing)
it fell by the females to the Kneverts and Alesbures.
From Heringworth, the Welland vilits Coliweiton,
where the Lady Margares Counteſs of Richmond,
King Henry the ſeventh's mother, built a fine houle.
Beneath Coliweſton, the neighbouring inhabitants dig
great ſtore of Slates for building. From hence Wit- ,__ ..
tering-beath, a plain , runs out a long way Eaſtward; covering
upon which the Inhabicants tell you the Danes re- Houſes.
ceiv'd a ' memorable overthrow. And now , Wel-
land arrives at Burgbley, a moſt beautiful ſear ,
from which that ſingularly wiſe and honourable Coun-
cellor Sir William Cecil, Lord high Treaſurer of Eng-
land, the great ſupport of this Nation, receiv 'd
che title of Baron Burgbley, at the hands of Queen
Elizabeth. This houte he adorn'd with the luſtre of Purghiey.
his own virtues , and beautify'd with magnificent g,r,1yey.
buildings ; laying to it a large Park ( tor that
+ word Yarro uſes ) encompalsd with a Stone-wall + Yaris.
of great circumference [1]. Below this at Berneck,
lyethe old Stone Quarries, out of which the Abbies of
Peterborow and Ramſey were buile. Here ( to uſe
the very words of the Hiſtory of Ramſey ) The toiling
ſtrength of the Quarriers is often exercis d , yet #4ll there
remains work, whereon to employ them ; reſting and re-
freſhing them now and then by a ceſſation. And we read in
KingEdward the Confeſſor's Charter, br conſideration of
4000 Feles im Lent, the Monks of Ramſey ſhall have
out of the Territory of Sr. Peter ſo much ſquare ſtone as
they need, at Bermeck, and of rough ſtone for walls, at
Burch. Beneath Berneck,that Roman way, which the
neighbouring Inhabitants call the Ferty-foor way from
its breadth, cuts this Shire in ewo between Caſter and
Stamford, and appears in an high Cauley ; eſpecially
by the little wocd of Berneck, where it has a Beacon
ſet upon the very ridge,and {9 runs along by Burg bley-
Park-wall.
Some few miles hence, the land runs down by Macev.
Maxey-Caſtle, formerly belonging to the Barons of 266. mag
Wake ; and by Peag- Kirke, (where 1n the infancy of ”
Chriſtianity in England, Pega, a holy woman, who
gave name to that place, hiter of St.. Guthlas , with
other devout Virgins, by their .ife and example gave
excellent documents of Piety and Chaſtity; } and fo
comes to the Ferns, fo often mencion'd. And by rea-
ſon the bank on the South-lide thereof is neglected,
the river over-flows the adjacent Lands ( to the
— —
A—c— cC— —
© The Saxon- Annals, p. 103. call it W7o/ud, and Florence of Worce'ter W:/und.
Wimorland.
——
4 Ir is now the poſſeſſion of the right honourable the Earl of
ECa2 great
—_—— —_—___—_@__—_—__
CORITAN I. 7 mo
Cranford.
Cavc.
Bounds of
the Anci-
ents.
Lib. de Civ.
Dez 1.C. 4.
Boon tines.
Hence per-
haps
come our
Buttings.
Farls of
Northam p-
ron.
* "411] Wor.
Pg. 279.
C,ratron
* A1. 14
how. 3.
great damage of the proprietors, ) and having bro-
ken thus our of ir's chanel, which went formerly by
Sralding, it falls into the Nen, and extreamly over-
Charpes 1.
The leſſer Avon, which is the other boundary ( as
I faid ) of this Shire northward, bue ſerves for a limit
only about 5 or 6 miles; breaking out of the ground
near the ſprings of the Welland, runs weſtward by **
Stanford upon Avon, the ſeat of the family of Cave,
out of which feveral branches of good note have dil-
persd themſelves in all the neighbouring Tra; alſo
by Lilburne, the ſeat, in former ages, of the Canvils.
That this hath been anciently a Roman Station, I
am perſuaded by it's ſituation upon one of their
Milicary ways, by the ancient Trenches there, and
a little piked Hill caſt up, which ſome dug of late
days, in hopes of finding old hidden treaſures ; but
inſtead of Gold they met with Coals. And thus this
lictle river, after it's paffing under Dowbridge, leaves
Northamptonſhire, and encers Warwickſhire.
From the digging up 6f thoſe Coals, what if I ſhould
give a gueſs that this Hill was thrown up for a mark
or Boundary ? ſince Sicules Flaccas tells us, that either
Aſhes, or Coals, or Potſherds, or broken Glaſſes, or
Bones half burnt, or Lime, or Plaiſter, were wont
to be put under ſuch marks or limits ; and St. Augu-
ſtin writes thus of Coals, 1; it not a wonderful thing,
conſidering Coals are ſo brittle that with the leaft blow
they break, with the leaft preſſure they are cruſh'd m pie-
ces, yet mo time can conquer them; inſomuch, that they
that pitch'd Land marks, were wont to throw them under-
neath, to convince any litigiows fellow whatſorver that
came never ſo long time after and ſhould affirm that no
Land mark was there made. And fo much the rather
am 1 inclined to this conjeure, becauſe they that
have written of limits do inform us, that certain Hil-
locks, which they termed Botontines, were plac'd in
the limits. So that I ſuppoſe moſt of theſe Mounts and
round Hillocks, which we fee all hereabouts '*, were
raiſed for this purpoſe ; and that Aſhes, Coals, Pot.
ſherds, 6c. might be found under them, if they dug |
: Howard Brother of the laſt Duke of Norfolk ( a per-
deeper into the Rn
r
The firſt Earl that this County had, at leaſt that
I know of, was Waldeof, ſon of the warlike S:ward,
who being alſo Earl of Huntingdon, loſt his head
for treaſon againſt William the Conquerour, leaving
only two daughters behind him, which he had by
|
|
|
Judith, the Conquerour's niece by a filter on the mo.
cher's ſide. Simon * Sinls being ſcorntully rejected by Trets
Judith che mother, upon account of being lame in Way
his legs, married Maud the eldeſt daughter, and «,**:
buile St. Andrew's Church, and the Caſtle at Nor. 9a
thampron. Afffrer him ſucceeded his fon Simon 2. ©
who was a long time at law about his mother's eſtate
with David King of Scots, his mother's ſecond hu.
band : and having fided with King Stephen, in the
year of our Lord 1152. died, with this || elogy, 4 | £bga
youth full of every =_ that was unlawful, every thin
that was wnſeemly. His' ſon Simon 3. going on wit
che ſuit againſt the Scots for his right to the Earldom
of Huntingdon, waſted his whole eſtate ; but thro?
the favour of King Hen. 2. married the daughter
and heir of Gilbert de Gant Earl of Lincoln ; and ha-
ving at laft recover'd the Earldom of Huntingdon
difſeis'd the Scots, dicd ifluelck in the year 118.
Many years after, King Edw. 3. created William 4:
Bohun, a perſon of approved valour, Earl of Nor-
thampton ; and when his elder brother Humfey dc
Bobun, Earl of Hereford and Eſſex, and High "ay
ſtable of England, was not able in that warlike Age
to bear the charge of Conſtable, he made him alſo
High Conſtable of England. Afffer him, his fon
Humfpey ſucceeding in the Earldom of Northampton,
as allo in the Earldoms of Hereford and Eſſex upon
his Uncle's dying ifſueleſs, had ewo daughters ; the
one married to 'Thomas of Woodſtock, youngeit fon
to King Edw. 3. the other to Henry of Lancaſter
Duke of Hereford, afterwards King of Evgland. The
daughter of Thomas of Woodſtock brought by her
marriage this her grandfather's ticle of Northampton,
together with Others, into the family of the Srafford:.
But when they had loſt their honours, King Edw. 6.
honour'd Wiliam Par Earl of Eſſex, a moſt accom-
pliſh'd Courtier, with the citle of wifi of Nor-
thampton ; who, within our memory, died ices
And now, while I am upon this work, our moſt ſc-
rene Sovereign King James, in the year of our Lord
1603. at one and the ſame time has advanced
ſon of excellent wit and fluent eloquence, a complete
maſter of Arts and Sciences, exceeding prudent and
provident ) to the degree and ſtile of Baron Howard
of Marnehill, and the honour of Earl of Nor-
thampton.
$uleby, ſometimes an Abby of black Monks, and by, &c. ** And call Burrows,
There belong to this Shire 32.6 Pariſhes.
— > —— — ——— _—— — —_
—
ADDITIONS to NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
ſa] H E County of Northampton, at the time
of the Conquerour's Survey, was ſome-
thing larger than now it is. For all
the 1outh part of R«t/andſhire muſt have
been taken out of it, becauſe in Domeſday-book we
meet wich the towns in this trat under the ticle of
Northamptonſhire. *Tis a County fo plentiful in all
things neceſſary to life, that it does not need, nor
indeed will allow much of manufe#ure ; the ground
abundantly maintaining and fully employing che In-
habitants. * It is ſaid, that of Cloarbimg has been at-
tempted with great application, but at laſt came to
nothing. The thinneſs of it's woods ( obſerv'd by
our Author) and it's diſtance from the ſea (fo that
no Coal can come by water, ) makes fuel extreme
dear. -
' þ] On the weſt-ſide of this Shire is Grafton,
which was held in capite by John de S. Mazro or
Seymour F, by the ſervice of keeping one white Bracket
of rhe King's, having red ears. This Bracket ſeems to
have been the ſame with che ancient Bracco, which
fgnify'd thoſe leſſer ſort of dogs that ſcent out for
game. - The -place- hath given the ticle of Duke to
Henry Fitz- Roy, Baron of Sudbwy, Vilcount Ipſwich,
and Earl of Euſton, created Duke of Grafton Sept. 11.
1675. which honours Charles of the ſame name at
preſent enjoys.
[ c] The river Avon, our Author will have to be the
Amona of T acitus : but if the ſenſe of the Hiſtorian be
(as a later writer has interpreted it) that Oforzws block'd
up the Britains between the rivers Antona and Sebri-
»a, it is impoſlible for any one to fix ir here, ſince
the Avon and Severn are ſo far from joyning, that
they take almoſt a quice contrary courſe. From the
whole ſeries of that Action, and the thred of the hi-
ſtory, 'tis much more probable ir was that Aon
which runs into the Severn; as is obſerv'd in the Ad-
ditions to Wiltſhire.
[ d | Upon this Awvos ſtands the chief town of the
County, Northampton, which our Author imagines x,r:ump
might take the name from ir's ſituation upon the '«
north-ſide of chis river. And the conjeture were
plauſible enough, were there any thing beſides mere
fancy, to juſtitie that it's old name was Northafarden.
Bur the ancient Saxon-Annals call ic ſimply Hameun
(as well as they do Sourbaryton,) and n=ver uſe our
preſent name till ſome time-afrer the Conqueſt, and
then write it expreſly Nop8hamrun and NopSamcun.
So that ic plainly appears, that ic never had any re-
lation to the river upon which ic ſtands ; but being mn
fir
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_————_— _-—
NO
RTHAMPTONSHIRE
BS
—
(5:.4:t, the latter end of Hen. 3. t it was made choice of by
« Cambr-
þ #5
ground in England.
::i2:. there were lands held by the Service of hunting in all
:.* the King's foreſts and parks throughout Oxfordſhire,
firſt c
and ftill are, ) had probably the initial NopS
ict, when it and South
grew conſiderable in t
alld Hamtxn ( as numbers of other towns were,
put to
on, ( call'd alſo Hamrun )
world. The town - had
Gentleman who has a fair ſeat at Bulick hard by.
Only, where the great houſe formerly ſtood. there
was a Chapel in which the family of the Zouches
were bury'd ; and that, with the monuments therein,
fouriſh'd and encreaſt for many ages together, when | was reſerv'd to the ſaid family. But now 'tis almoſt
in ours a moſt lamentable fire laid it entirely in aſhes. | quite ruinated, the roof fall'n in, fome of the walls
But the liberal contributions of the Kin
*is perha
the Kingdom.
that it muſt have been large and populous. About
ſome ſcholars of the Univerſity of Cambridge, for a
retirement, occaſion'd by the quarrels that were then
on foot. Here they met with many Oxford-men,
who had come away upon the like occaſion; and fo
for a while ( with the King's leave ) proſecuted their
Seudies along with chem : - by which means it had
ſome face of an Univerfity. "Tis poflible enough that
the place in this town which was calld the College
might be a remain of their preſence here. But after
three years continuance (as appears by the King's
Letters ) ic was diſſolv'd, and expreſs orders given,
that no one ſhould, for the future, ſtudy there as in
an Univerſity ; becauſe (as the faid Letters intimate)
ie was a manifeſt damage and inconvenience to the
ancient Univerſity of Oxford,
[ e] Within the Demeſnes of Boughton, [is a ſpring
which incruſtateth wood, or any thing that falls in-
to it, with a ſtony ſubſtance. There was preſerv'd
in S:dney College in Cambridge, a skull brought from
chence, all over ſtone both within and wichour : it
was ſent for by King Charles tr. but was fafely re-
turn'd to the College.
{f] Ar ſome diſtance from hence is Naſely, emi-
nent of late years for the _ battel fought there
in the year 1645. between his Majeſty King Char. 1.
and the Parliament-Army. There are now no fi
of a fight remaining, except ſome few holes, which
were the burying-places of the dead men and horſes.
The town is ſaid by ſome to ſtand upon the higheſt
'g ] The Hiſtory of Peterburrow is ſo diſtin&ly
deliver d by our Author, and fince his time fo accu-
rately handPd in a ſeparate Volume ; chat *tis in vain
co attempt any farther diſcoveries about it, We ſhall
only obſerve ( what is agreeable to our method and
deſign ) that it has of late years afforded the title of
Earl to Joby Lord Mordant, created Mar. 9. 3 Car. 1.
who in the year 1643. was ſuccez:ded in that honour
by Henry Lord Mordant his fon.
{h] Carh-welt from Braybroke is S:bertofte, which
manour Nicholas de Archer in the time of Edw. 1.
held by the Service of carrying the King his bow
thro? all the foreſts in England.
{i ] Not far from Rockingham is Laxton, wherein
Buckinghamſhire, Huntingdonſhire, and this County,
to deſtroy all the vermin in each of them. And the
manour of Hig hrteſley was held upon condition to find
dogs for the deſtruttion of wolves, foxes, 8C.
[ k] Haringworth, which in our Author's time be-
dom rais'd
it up again with much greater beauty ; fo that now
one of the moſt neat complete towns in
The old town * had within the walls ſeven Pariſh-
Churches, beſides two that were in the Suburbs: fo
wn, and the floor rooted up by hogs
[1] But the moſt ſtately ſeat of theſe parts is
—
Burgh
deed about a hundred years fince by William Lord
Burg , but adorn'd and beautify'd by the preſent
Earl of Exeter. For loftineſs of rooms, great variety
of pictures, terraſſes, conduits, fiſh-ponds, fountains,
Oc. it may vie with the beſt in England. The
inting and carving are fo curious, that ſome travel-
ers have affirm'd they have met with nothing either
in Italy or France that exceeds them. The park is
improv'd by planting a multitude of walks of aſh,
elm, cheſnut, and ſeveral other ſorts of erees. Thro'
this park paſſeth the old Roman way mention'd by
our Author, and fo on to Walcote, above Berneck, and
not beneath, as he tells us.
At Wothorpe, a little diſtance from this, the Earl of
Exeter hath another handſom ſeat with a little park
wall'd about. It was built by Thomas Cecil Earl of
Exeter; and tho? not very ſmall ( for after the Reſto-
ration, it was large enough to hold the late Duke of
Buckingham and his family for ſome years,) yer fo
mean did it ſeem in compariſon of the former, that
its Founder pleaſantly ſaid, he built it only ro retire to
out of the dutt, while hu great houſe of Burkigh W4as a=
ſweeping.
Continuation of the E AR LS.
Henry Howard ( the laſt Earl mention'd by our Au-
thor ) having never marry'd, and dying 15. June
1614. this honour in the year 1618. was conferr'd
upon W:lliem Lord Compton, Lord Preſident of Wales,
who was ſucceeded firſt by Spenſer |iis ſon and heir,
then by Fames his grandſon, fon and heir to che ſaid
Spenſer ; and at preſent the honour is enjoy'd by
George of the ſame name, ſon to Fame: aforelaid.
More rare Plants growing wild in Northamptonſhire.
Eryngium vulgare F. B. vulgare & Camerarii
C. B. mediterraneum Ger. mediterraneum ſeu cam-
peſtre Park. Common Eryngo. Thu was ſent me by
Mr. Thornton, who obſerved it not far from Daventry,
beſide the old Roman way called Watling ſtreet, near « wil
lage named Brookhal.
Gentiana concava Ger. Saponaria concava Anglica
C. B. folio convoluto F. B. Anglica folio convoluto
Park. Hollow-leaved Gentian, or rather Sopewort. This
was firft found by Gerard in a ſmall grove of @ wood cal-
led the Spinney, near Lichbarrow.
Gnaphalium montanum ſive Pes cati Park. Mowun-
tain-Cudweed or Catsfoot. On Bernake beatb, not far
om Stamford.
Pulſatilla Anglica purpurea Perk. parad. flore clau-
ſo cxruleo F. B. Common Paſque-flower. On the ſame
beath in great plenty. See the Synonymes im Cambridge-
tre.
p Millefolium paluſtre flore luteo galericulato. Hood.
ed Water-Milfoil. In the ditches by the rivers-ſide as you
long'd to the Lords Zouch, has been ſince fold to a
go from Peterborough to T hory.
————
1
—
Es
OR TH of Northamptonſhire lies the
County of Leiceſter. In che Survey-
Book which William the Norman
made of England, it is call'd Ledeceſter-
ſcyre, but now commonly Leiceſterſhire.
It is all a champain country, rich in
corn and grain, but the greateſt part of it deficient
n woods, It is encompaſs'd on the eaſt with Rurland
and Lincolnſhire, on the north with Nottingham and
LEICESTERSHIRE.
Derbyſhire, on the weſt with Warwickſhire ( from
which it is parted by the Military-way of the old
Romans call'd Watlingffreet, which runs along the
weſt skirts of this County ;) and on the ſouth (as I
obſerv'd before ) it is limited by Northamptonſhire.
The river Sear paſſeth through the m'dile of chis
County to the Trent ; but in the eaſt parts there
tly runs a ſmall ſtream'call'd the Ireke, which a6
laſt falls into the Soar. a
» 4 noble pile of ſtone-building ; raisd in- Burghley.
——
2 EE,
bn one hand with the river Avon the leis, and on
the other with the Welland) nothing worthy of note :
preſents it ſelf ; unleſs it be near the head and firit | the Bemnones or Venones, which manſion Antoninzs places Benavra
riſing of the /elland, the town,of Haverburg, com- , next alter Bamnaventa, Were ſeated here. And the
Harborrow monly call'd * Harborrow, famous for its Fair for Cat- | rather, becaule Antoninus tells us that the way here
Carleton, tle ; and not far diſtant from thence * Carleron, that | parted into two branches, which alſo is the vulgar
Curleu. is, the town of Busandmen. - I know not whe- | oblervation. For North-eaſt-ward the Fiſſe-way leads
ther ic be worth relating, but moſt of the na- 'to Lincoln by Rate , and Vernometum , ( of which
tives of this town , either from ſome peculiar qua- | places more hereatter;)and to the North-weſt Fatling-
* hhota-
citmus.
W.rling-
{trcer.
ic-over ward, lyes Ceſter-Over, but in Warwickſhire ; a place
A yerrify -
ing wcll.
John Wic-
Kift dy'd
1387.
id
Clcyceſter.
Cley brook.
liry of the foil, or water , or other unknown
c:uſe in nature, have a harih and ungrateiul manner
of ſpeech,with a guttural and difficult pronunciation,
and a ſtrange * wharlimg in the utterance of their |
words | a ].
The Roman way before-mention'd, whoſe cawſey
being in other places worn away, here ſhews it ſelf
very plainly , runs north , almoſt in a dire& line
along the welt-ſide of this County. You may per-
haps laugh at my expenlive diligence, as vainly curi-
ous ; but I have follow'd the tract of this way very
intently from the Thames into Wales, for the dilcovery
of places of Antiquity | b]; nor could I expe& to
meet wich any other more faithful guide © for that
purpoſe. "This Way having palt Dowbridge, where it
leaves Northamptonſhire, is tirlt interrupted by the
river Swifr, which is but a flow {tream,tho' the name
imports the contrary; but to that it anſwers only in the
winter-time. The bridge over which this road
was heretolore continu'd, they call Bransford-bridge ,
and Bensford ; it was a long time broken down , and
that occa{ion d this famous way to be for many years
little trequented ; but now it 1s repair'd at the charge
of the publick. Adjoyning on the one hand, oak
worthy of note, were it only for the Lord thereof
Sir © Fulk Grevill Kea perſon of extraordinary merit ;
and yet the name ſpeaks it a place of antiquity, for
our Anceſtors never gave the name of Cefter, but on-
ly to ancient Cities or Caſtles. On the other hand,
eaſtward, on this ſide of Swift * , lyes Mifterton be-
longing to the famous and ancient family of the
Poultneys*; and beyond the river, Lutterworrh, a ſmall
market-rown, formerly (as report ſays) the poſleſli-
on of the Verdons*%. Near which is a ſpring of water
ſovery cold, that in a little time ic converts ſtraws
and ſticks into ſtone. Recor of this Church here-
rofore was the famous Joby Wickliff , a man of a
cloſe ſubtil wit, and very well verſt in the facred
Scriptures ; who having ſharpen'd his pen again(t the
Pope's authority, and the Roman Church 5, was not
only grievouſly perſecuted in his life time; but one
and forty years after his death, by command of the
Council of S:emna, his body was 1n a barbarous man-
ner taken out of his grave, ard burnt.
From Bensford-bridge the Old-way goes up to High-
croſs, 1o call'd, becauſe formerly a croſs was erected
in that high-place; inſtead of which there is
now a high poſt ſer up, with props to ſupport it.
The neighbouring Inhabitants told me that the two
principal ways of England did here croſs; and chat in
this place ſtood once a molt flouriſhing city, calld
Cley-ceſter, which had a Senate of it's own ; and that
Cley-brook, near a mile diſtant from hence, was part
of the old Cleyceſter. They lay allo that on both tides
of this way, great foundations of ſquar'd-ſtone have
been diſcover'd under ground, and Roman coins fre-
quently caſt up by the plow. However, above ground,
as the Poet ſays,
ſtreet goes diretly into Wales by Mamueſſedum ; of
which in its proper place when I come to War-
wickſhire [ c |.
More above, on the ſide of the foreſaid way ſtands
' Hinckley, formerly belonging to the Lord Hugh Grant. Hinds
| maiſnill 5, High-ſteward, or Seneſchal of England, in
the reigns of William Kufus, and Henry rx. He had
two daughters, Petronifia or Parnel, marry'd to Rebert
Blanchemaines (lo calld from the whuenef of his
hands) Earl of Leiceſter, with whom he had the
Stewardſhip of England ; and Alice, married to Ke.
ger Bigot. At the Eaſt-end of this Church ace to be
leen trenches and rampires caſt up to a great height,
which the Inhabitants ſay was Hugh's-cattle. Three
miles from hence lyes Boſworth, an ancient market-
town ; Which liberty, with its Fairs, Richard Hare-
court obtain'd from King Edward 1. Near this town,
the Crown of England happen'd to be finally deter-
min'd by a battel. For there Henry Earl of Rich-
mond, with a ſmall body of men, gave battel to
Richard the third, whoina moſt wicked manner had
uſurp'd the Crown ;z and whilſt for the liberty of his
Country Henry with his party valiantly expos'd him-
ſelf to death, he happily overcame, and ſlew the Ty-
rant ; and in the midſt of blood and ſlaughter, was
with joyful acclamations ſaluted King , having by his
valour deliver'd England from the dominion of a
tyrant, and by his prudence eas'd thz nation from
| xn diſquiet of civil diſſentions [d]. Hereupon Ber-
nardus Andreas, a Poet of Tholouſe who liv'd in thoſe
days, in an Ode to Henry 7. alludes thus to the Re-
ſes, which were the + Device of that King;
Ecce nunc omnes poſuere went!
Murmura, preter Zephyrum tepentem,
Hic Roſas nutrit, nitidoſque flores
Vers ament.
Now the rough tempeſts all have breath'd theirlaſt,
All winds are huſh't except the gentle weſt,
By whoſe kind gales are bluſhing Roſes blown,
And happy ſpring with all its joys comes on.
Other things worthy our mention gear this way,we
do not meet with; unleſs it be at a greater di-
arms oz @ Shield Gules, 10 Bezants. "This man having
marry'd oneof the heireſſes of Roger de Quincy Earl ot
Wincheſter, in her right came to a great eſtate in this
County : but having commenced a ſuit againſt John
Earl of Warren, who choſe rather to determine the
matter by Sword than by Law, he was kill'd by
him in the King's-hall at Weſtminſter, An. 1279.
And ſome few years after, the daughters and heirs of
his Nephew convey'd this el! ::t© by their marriages,
into the families of Seymour *, and Hollands.
town came afterwards to the family of Haſtings, who
C
have here a very magniticent feat ; of which family,
Etiam ip/e pertere rune.
The very ruins are decay'd and loſt.
_— CO ""—— —— - ——
__— - —
* Burton's Leiceſterſhire, p. 12 7. b Ibid. p.67-
Lord Brook of Beauchamp"; Court, in the County of Warwick.
is call'd commonly Market-Boſworth. Buiton, p. 47.
remarkable, it was therefore {aid to be at Boſworr/-field, Mr. Barton, (H:!
as, pieces of armour, arrow-heads, &c. digg'd up there.
* For the finding out of thoſe ſaid Towns which Antoine the Empcrour fpecifeth in his Itinerary.
the Turpins a knightly houſc,deſcended from an heir of the Gobions. 3
ſhip. + | ICH) 001.) ſbeweth 8 fair Courch, which hath been encri ns d
s And Religions men. 5 A Norman.
to Conan
Ililliam procured from Henry the ſixth the privilege
of certain Fairs. Nor ought l to paſs over in lilence
_— — —— — C - ——
— — _ > ® -_—— —
« He was created a Byron of this kingdom in the 18th year of King James 1. by the ritie ©:
« For dutinction from another of the ſame naine in the Handred of Garrery ,n
e Thc barttcl was fought at three miles diltznce from this rown ; but becauſe this wasthe
molt
t. of Leiceſterſhire,p.g7.)has given us ſeveral remains of that engagerner!,
f This place is largely deifit'd by Mr. Burton in his Hiſtory of Leiceſterſhire, p. 16.
: B hich ſprinzeth near Knaprofr, the jent ©”
3 [#9 rook that name of Poulteney, a place now decay'd within the ſain 194
re,
VB . !
by the Feldings of Knights Digree and ancient Gentry in T1
7 Iho dejcrnatd From Alan T'i/couns of Rokan m Little-Britaim, and Conſt antia tis wife, ang!
Groile Ear! of Britain, and aud bis wife, the natural dauzhter of Henry the firſt.
8 Of Caſtle Cary. 9 Vet their farkn fri
ſhby. But Form Eudo a younger Jon of Alane, who was ſlain in I. *minſer-ad, ite Lords Touch of Haringwerth tranch'd out, ond kat 6:07
7 \o this Aſhby upon Sir Richard Mortimer of Richard;-caſtie his Couſin, whoſe youger iſſue therenpon took the ſirname of Zouch ; and wore 44/4
p: . : FO
many dr/conts Barons of the Reaim,
i
Coit-
within the memory of our grandfathers, the right of
ſtance, * Aſhby de Ia Zouch , a moſt pleaſant town , atis
now belonging to the Earls of Huntingdon, former-
ly to Alan de Ia Zouch *, a Baron, who bore for his at.
Bur this Polls
Uigra
hor
rons
wht cl
(hby-
-
(0% Cole-Overtan,the feat of H. de Bellomont or Beaumont '*,
[zceſter,
172.
, Lancaſter, lye buried Which Duke, in his latter
— —— _ ——
LEICESTERSHIRE
——
branch'd from that famous family of the Viſcounts de
Bellomoms. 1t hath a name of diſtin&tion, from Pit-
Coles, being a bituminous earth harden'd by na-
ture, and here (to the Lord of the Manour's great
profit) digg'd up in ſuch plenty, as to ſupply the
neighbouring Country all about with firing.
The river Soar ( as I have already obſery'd ) cuts
through the middle of this County ; which riſing not
far from the Street-way, and encreafing with the ad-
dition of many running waters, flows gently North-
ward,and in its courſe pailes by the Welt and North-
ſides of the principal town of the Shire ; calld by
Author's * Lege ceſtria, Leagera , Legeo-ceſter , and Lei-
ceſter. It is a place that ſhows great antiquity,and no
leſs beauty in its buildings. In the year 680, when
Sexwulph by King Echelred's order , divided the
kingdom of che Mercians into Dioceſes, he plac'd
here a Biſhop's ſeat, and became himſelf the firſt Bi-
ſhop of this See. But after few years, the See bein
tranſlated to another place, that dignity ms
and the reputation of the town by little and little de-
cay'd ; till Edelfieds a noble Lady, in the year after
our Saviour's nativity 914, repair'd and- fortify'd
the place with new walls; ſo that Matthew Paris
in his Lefſer Hiſtory writes thus; Lepeceftria *# a
moſt wealthy city, and encompaſk with an indiſſeluble
wall, of which if the foundation were ſtrong and good, the
place would be inferiour to no city whatſoever. At the co-
ming in of the Normans, it was well peopled and fre-
quented, and had many Burgeſles, Twelve of whom
{as we find recorded in William the firſt's Book) were
by ancient Tenure to go with the, King as often as he went
10 war. But in caſe he made an expedition by ſea, then
they ſent faur horſes as far as London for the carriage of
arms, or other neceſſaries... Thu town paid to the King
—— —_— — —
ang 12 Canons Prebendaries, as many I'icars , and other
women to ſerve and aſſiſt the ſick and weak 35 and [uffict-
ently endow'd the ſaid Hoſpital **®, On the other ſide of
the town, amongſt pleaſant meadows water'd by the
Soar, was a Monaſtery, call'd from its ſituation, + De
pratzs ; of which thus the forefaid Knighton writes,
Robert le Boſſu, Earl of Leiceſter '3, founded the Mona-
ſtery of S. Mary de Prees of Leiceſter, and richly endow'd
the ſame with lands, poſſeſſions , and rents ; himſelf alſo,
by conſent of Amicia bu wife, became. a Canon Regular
in the ſame, and fifteen years ſery'd God there in that. Re-
gular habit ; and dy'd in the Lord, a Cann. Thus he
rook upon him the Canonical habit by way of pe-
nance,tor having been in arms again{t his Prince | e},
What name Leice#ter bore in the times. of the Ro-
mans does not appear. I think it iscalled in the Ca-
talogue of Ninnius, Caer Lerion ; but that ic was buile
by the fabulous King ' Leir, let who will believe for
me. Yet its ſituation'on the Military-way call'd the
Foſs, and its diſtance from the Bewnowes | High-crofs |]
and Verometum | Burrow-hill | agrees -fo exactly with
the deſcription of Antoninus, that I cannot but be-
lieve, that this is the Rate, which in Ptolemy is Rate.
call'd Rage; tho? there is not the leaſt track or Ggn of
the name Rate now remaining, ” unleſs perhaps it be
an old trench ſcarce half a mile diſtant on the South»
fide of Leiceſter, call'd Rawdikes *4,
Here I am at a ſtand, and look about me to ſee
what way I ſhould follow, as a guide to the diſ-overy
of ancient towns. |, Ranulph the Monk- of Cheſter
tells us, that the old Streer-way goes from; hence to
Lincoln through the Waſts ; but through what Hof:
he ſhews not. The vulgar opinion 1s, that it went on
to the north through Neortingbamſhire. Antoninus the
Emperour (if I miſtake not ) ſeems: to intimate
zearly thirty pounds by tale, and twenty m Ore **, and frve
and twenty * Sextaries of Hoey. ' in the time of
that it went northward through this. County in-
to Lincolnſhire. And really this way, the foot-
Henry the ſecond it. was oppreſs with great miſe- | ſteps of ſome places of antiquity appear;gf which we
ries, and the walls demoki
Boſſu, that is, Crook-back,Earl of Leiceſter, endeavour'd |
an infurreQion againſt his Prince. Which Matthew |
Paris delivers in theſe words : For the comtumacy of |
Earl Robert in oppoſing the King, the noble city, of Let- |
ceſter was beſieged, and run'd by King Henry,. and the |
wall which ſeem'd indiſſoluble , thrown. down to the.
very foundation ,, quite round. Let, me add out of
the faid Leſſer fit
the, foundations, when, they: were. wn
props burnt that ſupported them, fell in great pieces,
which remaim * to Xs day in the oY of rocks for big- |
neſt and ſolidity 5 ſuch was the indiſſoluble tenacity of. the
morier. Miſerable was the condition of theſe. citi-
zens at that.time, both, in relation to.their fines and
baniſhment ; who having purchaſed for a ſum, of
money, licence to depart, were notwithſtanding, ſo
terrify'd that they were forc'd to take Sanfuary at
I. Albans and; vt. Edmund:-bury. Alſo the Caſtle
here, whach was really a large and ſtrong, building,
was.diſmantled; Begeath which. is, a. very fair Col-
legiate Hoſpital, or receptacle for. the, poor ; inthe
Church whereof, Henry: Earl, of Lancaſter, and Hen-
ry of Lancaſter, his ſon, who was the firſt Duke of
t; when Robert, ſirnam'd
ſhall ſpeak in their order : thyr chat way!, tho'1 have
made diligent ſearch,, I bav@ not hithente diſcover'd
any thing ; what others may have dope, | know not,
15 Not far from hence, is" Grooby, a rich and am Grooby.
ple eſtate, or (as wg call it} a Manoxr.;, Which from
Hugh Grantnaiſmill («rho William, the: fig enriche
with . great revenues..):;deſcended , bythe: Earls of
Leiceſter and the Quincys, to the: family of the Fer-
bur. at Jaſt leaving one only. daughter, [/abella, the by
marriage convey.d the ſamg into -xhe; name of the
Greys,, from whom it.,camg again.to, the Crown by
Artainder. , But while I ana zeviling zhis work, Fame;
our Soveraign-Lord ang King, has ;reftord Sir Henry
Greyz.a molt, worthy :Knighs,.. to this honour of h's
Anceſtogs,; having. before his Corgnation.create
' him Baron Grey of Grooby.
Let .us 'now return tothe river Soar, which having
paſt Leiceſter,giveth name in the firſt pace to Mons: Mont-Soe.
ſorell, or rather Mont-Soar-bill ; compounded | of che ***
Norman and Engliſh, languages ; now. only, noted
for its market [f |]; but heretofore moſt. famous for
ics Caſtle, ſeated on a ſteep and craggy il, and
over 2angng the river : this firſt belong'd to the
days , built and dedicated che ſame with a. pious in- | Earls of Leiceſter, afterwards to Saber de Quincy,
tention, for the maintenance of poor «people: Of | Earl of Wineheſter, in the Barons war.” Art'this day
which thus Henry Knighton of Leiceſterfhire, who | there remains nothing but, a heap of rubbiſh. For git». mi.
: Hemy Duke of Lincatter was the | in the year 1217-the Inhabirants of thele ' parts, ha- "*
livd in that age
fir founder of the Collegiate Church and Hoſpital without |
the South gate at Leiceſter , in which he placd a Dean
——_—_——__..
— by _ ” 7
In the $atht ithas ſeveral names; accerding
Yi, RE Hiſtories, ir. 6aght to be carefully diſtinguiſh'd from
geceaſher Lſratvatiey, and by middle «g'd writers Leg
Luce, Ln Chic Tufts of Englande to
& Martheys Pip dy is the year 1259. fo thas
m.
Which 2 ar the of ir. m Abour three milos from
'e, becauſe ir ſhows no remains of Antiquity, and likewife becauſe it is
Leceſterſhircy pi1+2 23 ot 144k ; 7% _
'> Deſcended Pom Sir Thomas Beauitront, Lid of BachRuS0in" Nin xn ty,
be who was lem wanfully fighting at ſuch vime as the Prench retwoer'd Par 'the
ht fe As for this Hoſbirl i; cont iuucth in ſome goed tate, I —_ |
Letcofter,
War
* Novth-weſt- fri
Lars whith was 8 mugnificent with, and the |
3 Aben be began Gerondon- Abby fir Ciſtercoans, *+ Or Rond-dikes.
t0- the: ſeveral Copies ; Legerceaſter, ceaſter , Lygraceafter, er, Legofaceafter.
che Britiſh Carrigimn or Caerleon ene, Leal is nat'd Le-
. See alarge or
-and a balf, 'or in weight 24 ounces. © Was ugr
the government of rhis nation' wag” committed, rhe gaben __— _ inTeand, A.D. 1173.
theſ&walls were ſeen in this condition $6 years after their uttion ; bat | |
© 1 Tt ba4/irs* name ((ays Mr, Somner) fromthe river £2ire, which at this bo call Soare 3 an{thit is confirm'd by 2 rown nam'd Leave,
Leiceſter, there ISA
ving after a long ſiege taken the ''caftle, puJl'd ir
down to the ground as a ne#t of the Devil, and a
—_——
———— —— - ” - PUFFY ——_—_—
4M.
ri Burton's Antiquiri
erſture,
| Berron obſerves') was tiene 'by Richard
ion of this place in
; This ( as
how 'mbch Ton is Urt-
'Rathy; bur rhat' car} hardly -prerend robe the andere Ra-
remote from'the*Romar- Foſſe." " ' © See t deſcription of it in Burton's
brother to the firf Piſtount. Which” Sir Thimas (a oe #4») wat
fb in the time of Hud Iw7 the ſixt i That 'is
t in the town built by W. Wigeſton. But the Collegiate
's when Religiow "houſes were granted to $57 King.
Leicefter, ef Ne Bug
den
— —
#46
minift ers,one hundred pour and weak men, and ten able * Miaiti.
+ De prees.
1143.
ory, That the walls, being faulty nt | rars, of which family were the Lords Fexrars. of Groo- 165-5 a
ind, and the | by, who.a long, time enjoy'd the.hongur of Barons; ;.;,.
CORTIT AN
—_ h—_ ttt MC OG Ao oo —— -- am
=
! 7 44
— OE. Oz —
Zen of Toicves and Robacrs. Higher, on the other
ſide of the river is Barrow, where is digg'd the beſt
and moſt approv'd fort cf + lime for hrm building.
A few miles trom thence the Soar ends its courſe in
the river Trent 5, A little on this fide of which, 1s
* Loughborrow, a market,town, that in the reign of
Queen Mary had one Bron, Edward Haſtings, dig-
niy'd with this ticle ['g |; but upon the death of
that Queen, who had a great affection for him, he,
eloy'd with the affairs of this world, refusd to live
Jonger in it, and devoting himſelf wholly to God, |
retird into the Hoſpital which he had erected ar ;
Stoke Poges in Buckinghamſhire ; where, among the
poor people, he liv'd to God, and wich them finiſh'd
the courſe of his life devoutly in Chriſt. ! That this
Lovughborrow was that royal Vill, in the Saxon tongue
calld Lieganbupze, which Marianus ſays, Cuthulfus
cook from the Bricains in the year of Chriſt 572, the
affinity of the names does in ſome ſort evince. Art
preſent it is juſtly eſteem'd the ſecond town of al]
this County, next to Leiceſter, as well in reſpect of
ics bigneſs and buildings, as the pleaſant woods abour
it. For near the ſide of this town, the foreſt of
Charnwced, or Charley, ' ſpreads it felt a long way.
Within the bounds whereof is Beaumanour Park ,
which the Lords Beauments enclos'd (as I have heard)
wich a ſtone-wall '7. Which Lords were deſcended
( as is commonly believ'd ) of a French family : cer-
tain it is, that they come from gow de Brenne King
of Jeruſalem, a that they firſt ſettled in England
about the reign of Edw. x. And by marriage with
the daughter of Alexander Comyn, Earl of Bogban in
Scotland -( whoſe mother was one of the heirs of Ro-
ger de Quincy, Earl of Wincheſter ) they got a ve-
ry plentiful inheritance, and became a great family.
Viſcounss Of which family, in the reign of King Edward 3.
B:aumont. Henry was for ſeveral years ſummoned to Parliament
<1 the name of Earl of Beghan; and in the reign of
en. 6. Fobn was for a time Conſtable of England,
The firſt and the firſt in England -( that I know of ) whom
honorary. the King advanc'd to the Henour of a Viſcount. But
England. When William the laſt Viſcount dy'd without iſſue,
his ſiſter became the wife of the Lord Lovel; and
the whole inheritance, which was large, was after-
wards confiſcated for High Treaſon ".
In this north part nothing elſe occurs worth
mentioning , unlels it be-'a ſmall Nunnery found-
ed by Roifia de Verdon, and call'd Grace-dieu '», that
is, God's grace: and not far from thence, by the
Dunning- ſtream of Trent, Dumnington; an ancient-Caftlc, built
<A by the firſt Farls of Leiceſter. which afterwards
came to John Earl of Eincoln, who procur'd it
the privilege of a Market and Fairs from Edw. r. But
when, in the proſcription of che Barons under Ed. 2.
the poſſeſſions of the proſcribed were ſequeſter'd and
alienared, the King gave this manour to Hugh le De-
ſpenſer the younger **[h].
The eaſt part of this County, which is hilly, and
feederh a vaſt number of ſheep, was heretofore adorn-
ed with two principal places of great note; Vernome-
tum, of Verometum, mention'd by Antoninus ; and
Burton-Lazers, of great account in former ages.
——_
Vernometum, the naine whereof is loſt at this day, Vers.
ſeems to me to have been ſituared in that place which ti
is now call'd Barrew- hill, and Erdburrcw ; for between ©
Verometum and Rate, according to Antoninus, were
rwelve miles, and there is almoſt ſo much berween
this place and Leiceſter. The preſent name allo of
Burrows which ſignily'd among the Saxons a forr:fy'd
place, comes from BupgÞ **. Burt the moſt confidera-
ble proof is, that the ground is a ſtcep hill on all
ſides but the ſouth-eaſt ; on the top of which, rc-
mains the manifeſt appearance of a rown deſtroy'd,
a double trench, and Ss track where the walls went,
which encloſed about 18 acres of land. Ar this day,
it is * arable ground, and noted on this accuunt » z -
chiefly, that the youth of the neighbouring parts *
meer here yearly for wreſtling, and ſuch like exer-
ciſes [ i ]. One may conjecture from the name,
that ſome great Temple of che Heathen Gods hath
formerly ſtood in this place. For in the ancient Lan-
guage of the Gauls, which was the ſame with that of
the Britains, Vernometum ſignifies a great and ſpacious Virnmne.
Temple, as Venantius Fortunatus plainly cells us of m
Vernometum a town in France, in theſe verſes in his j++;
firſt book of Poems : Guuiy,
Nomine Vernometum woluit wocitare vetuſt as,
Quod quaſi fanum ingens Gallica lingua ſonar.
The Gauls, when Yernome: they call'] the place,
Did 4 great Temple by the word expreſs.
As for Burton, call'd for diſtin&tion Lazers, from Burt,
Lazers (fo they nam'd the Elephanziacti or Lepers, ) it ©*
was a rich Hoſpital, to the Maſter of which all the
lefſer Lazer-houſes in England were in ſome ſort ſub-
jeR, as he himſelf was to the Maſter of the Lazer; of
Jeruſalem. ' Ic is ſaid to have been built in the begin-
ning of the Normans, by a general calle&ion through-
out England, but. chiefly by the affiftarice of the
Mewbrays. About which time, the Leproſie (by ſome L:poic
call'd Elephamiafis ** ) did run by infedtion over all
England. And it is believ'd, that the diſeaſe did then
firſt come into this Ifland out of Egype, which more
than once had ſpread ir ſelf into Europe ; firſt in the
days of Pompey the Great, afterwards under Her: -
clius, and at other times, as may be feen in Hiſtory 3;
but never ( fo far as I read) did it before that time
appear in _—
Befides theſe places of greater note and fame, we
ought not to omit Melron Mowbray, near Burton : it Mets:
is a market town, ſo'named from the Mowbray: here.
cofore Lords thereof, in which nothing is more wor-
thy our obſervation, than the large and handſome
Church [k); nor Skeffngton, more remote, to the
fourth 5 which as it hach given name to a worſhipful
family, fo it hath receivd reputation 'from the
lame *4 .
Leiceſterſhire has been always famous for it's Eb «
Earls, men of ſpecial note. Ard in regard that in
the Saxon times the Earls were heredicary, I will firſt
name them in their order, as I have been inform'd by
Thomas Talbot ( a perſon very well skilld in matters
of Antiquity ) our of the King's Records: * In the
time of Zthelbald, King of the Mercians, in the
+ Sce Burton's Leiceftcrſh. p. 181.
which calls it Lygeanbyrig ; ) and Florence of Worceſter
har in ſach « great diltance
- ſhire, Se that - - # The foreft of Charley'is zo miles in corc
pag. 69. » Mone7 I:
thren, which did the
theſe Earls, in'Sir” Peter Leiceſter's Antiquirics of Cheſhire, p."99.
that planted bimſelf in Eng
F of the Beaumonts.
EE
welds
4.
4
—m——
—
—_
? Where "tis call'd L-ig anburge, | cannot tell : The Saxon Annals call it Lygeanyur/ ( cxcept -Laud's Copy
confirms the reading when he rerms ir Liganburh x the later writers call it Lienberig ©
Lienberi. The placing it at Loughburrow ſeems to draw Cuthwalf too far out of hix road; for rhe; next zown he cook was Hi {erbury.
be ſhould not make an atrempt upon ſome other. The manner of his
aſs. Lel. lrin. Þ 14 Scea
about the rime.of K. Hen. /1.. and { as Leland faith Torn. 1. p. 69.) by the Lord Mowbray, for z Maſter and 8 bre-
Order of St. Aultin. Sce Byron's Leiceitaſh.
and 'ris (trange
rogrc{s ſeems to favqur Lerghton in Brdturd-
her deſcription cf it. in Burton's Lticefterſh.
Þ. 63- * $ce a more dittinct and critical account of the ſucceflion ot
year
49
Yale |
gland.
71s o
—. —_
pt Jy OY as 4 #
_—_—
A
© Carkton cannot pronounce the Letter [ r ] without
knorh, wich fele& words as to the matter, wichout |
LEES
—_
Leiceſter ; ro whom ſucceeded, in a right line, 4t-
farms 1, Algarms 2. Leofric 2. Leofttan, Leofric 3. who
was bury'd at Coventry ; Algarw 3. who had ifſue
two ſons, Eadwin Earl of March, and Morkay Earl
of Northumberland ; and one daughter, Lacy, firſt
marry'd to Ivo Talboys of Anjou, and atterwards to
Roger de Romara, by whom ſhe had William de Roma-
ra Earl of Lincoln. The male line of this Saxon
family being thus extin, and the Saxon name in a
manner trod under foot, Robert de Bellomonte | Beau-
mont | a Norman, Lord of Pont-Audomar, and
Earl of Mellent, obtain'd, on the death of Simon
Earl of Leiceſter, a Grant of this County, by the
favour of King Hen. 1. in the year of Chriſt 1102.
' He was @ man of preat learning, eloquent, ſubtle, prudent,
- and witty ; but having livd in the beſt quality, and bore
” the greateſt honour, and at laft ſeeing- bis wife entic'd
from him by another Earl, im bis old age he became trow-
bled in mind, and fell into « deep melancholy, To him
ſucceeded his fon, firnam'd Boſſu ** for diſtinRion, his
grandſon firnam'd Blanchemaines **, and his great-
grandſon Fitz-Parnel, all Roberts. Of which the laſt
( who was call'd Fitz, Parnel from his mother Perro-
»illa or Parnel, daughter and coheir of the laſt Hugh
Grant-maiſnill 7 ) dy'd without iſſue. A few years
-*«-ter, Simon de Montfort ( deſcended from a baſtard-
ſon of Robert King of France ) who had marry'd the
filter of Robert Fuz-Parnell, enjoy'd this honour. Bur
.'z, he and his being expell'd in the year 1200 **, Ranulph
Earl of Cheſter obtain'd this dignity, not by heredi-
tary right, but his Prince's favour. Yet afterwards
Simon de Montfort, ſon of the aforeſaid $:mon, ob-
tained the Earldom, Almaric his elder brother havin
relinquiſh'd his right before Hen. 3. So great an
ESTERSHIRE
year of our Redemption 7416, Leofric was Earl of
that he recall d him from baniſhment out of France,
loaded him with riches, honour'd him with the
County of Leiceſter *7, and his own ſiſter in marri-
age. But notwithſtanding he was thus overwhelmed
with kindneſſes, he had no fenle of gratitude, (fuch
is the villany of ſome men, ) but began to hate his
benefactor ; and wickedly occafion'd great troubles
to that King, ( who had fo highly oblig'd him ) by
blowing up the ſtorms of Civil wars with the rebel- See
Jious Barons; in which himſelf, at laſt, was ſlain. wor
His honours and poſſeffions were conferr'd by King ſhire.
Hen. 3. on his own younger fon Edmund,call'd Crouch-
back Earl of Lancaſter. From thence this ticle lay 2s
it were drown'd for a long tirf#-gmong thoſe of the
Lancaſtrian family ; and Mawd, daughter of Henry
Duke of Lancaſter, being married to ” William of
Bavaria Earl of Hanault, Holland, Zeland, &c. add-
ed to his other titles this. alſo of Leiceſter.
the name of Dutcheſs of Bavaria held the Caſtle, Ma-
nour, and Honour of Leiceſter, Who dying without
iſſue, this honour thereupon came to Fohn of Gaunt
Duke of Lancaſter, who had marry'd Blanch the ſe-
cond ſiſteriof Mawd. From which time it was uni-
ted to the Houſe of Lancaſter, until in our remem-
brance it was reviv'd in Robert Dudley, whom Qu.
Elizabeth, in the ſixth year of her reign, by the ce-
remony of girding with a ſword, made Earl of
Leiceſter 3, Him the Uniced Belgick Provinces ( be-
ing deeply engag'd in wars) unanimouſly choſe to
manage their Government, and ſoon after caſt off
again and rejeted ; after which he finiſh'd this life,
An. 1588. 3*
indulgent was the favour of K. Hen. 3. to this man,
|
/ Holand in his tranſlation ſays, Henry Dank? of Bavaria, Earl of Hanault, ©*c. But «tis a miſtake, for he was neither Henyy
, nor Duke of Bava-
11 ; his elder brother Stephen, being Dukz of Bavaria after his tather, and this #/iliam, the ſecond fon, Earl of H:neult, Holland, &c. which was
hs mother's inheritance. And though he might be call'd Duke of Bevaria, as in Germany all younger ſons ( if never ſo many) take their fathers
t:|-; yer not being really ſuch, Camden it ſeems thought it more proper to name him Guilielmus Bavarus Hannomie, &c. Comer.
"; Brcavuſe he was crook- back'd ; who after he had rebelld ag ainit King Hen. 1. ( the ſecond he means) weary of hu looſe irregular life, became
a Canon Regular. *s Of bu lily white hands ; who ſided with the Poms.
| Eng
1» Holy Land. *? In whoſe right he was Sen?(chal or Steward 9
to the French. *9 Granted to him the Stewardſhip of England.
+ h/nd bim,
and, and dy'd iſuel
" 3» And extraordinarily avwnr'd.
Hen 2. and dy'd in the expedition of King Rich. 1. to
s in the time of King John. :4 As wholly devoted
3* Leaving the fame only of his greatneſs
King againſt Kin
Within thu County are 200 Pariſh-Churches.
ares
*—C—_ ——
ADDITIONS to LEICESTERSHIRE.
S Mr. Camden, by the dire@ions of the
Foſſe way and Wetlingftreet, has diſcover'd
molt places of note in Leiceſterſhire ; 1o had
that County the good fortune to be mo-
ther of a moſt admirable Antiquary, Mr. Burton, He
declares, that his genius always led him to the ſtudy
of Antiquities ; and a ſenſe of duty and gratitude en-
zag'd him to employ that talznt upon his native
Country, that it might not ( as he expreſſes it) he
any longer obſcur'd with darkneſs. Upon an accurate
ſurvey, he found out many pieces of Antiquity, which
Mr. Camden's tranſitory view had not diſcover'd,
Thoſe, as they are ſcatter'd here and there, and ac.
cidencally fall in with his main drift of deſcribing and
drawing down poſſeſſions, I could not but think ne-
ceſſary to the completing of Camden's work. And,
a ſtudies of this kind never come to their full perfe-
tion, but are always capable of Improvements ; a
great many things very ancient and very, remarkable
( which had eſcap'd r diligence of both the for-
mer ) have been ſince brought to light.
[a] To go along then with our Author as cloſe
as we can. He obſerves, that the inhabitants of
great difficulty ; and a paſſage which Dr. Fuler in
his Horthies of England has left us, is very remark-
able to this purpoſe. He tells us of a Fellow of Tri-
nity College in Cambridge ( a native of this Carleton,
% he thinks) who made a ſpeech of a comperene
and the
any (r] therein. Which if true ; he (no doubt )
contriv'd it on purpoſe to prevent a deformity of pro-
nunciation upon a frequent occurrence of that letter.
But the preſent inhabitants, as they retain no re-
mains of it in their ſpeech, ſo neither in their me-
mory, the moſt ancient among them knowing no-
thing of it.
[ b} The next place he touches upon is — Watling:
ſtreet, which he fays he trac'd into Wales.
brings to my mind an old deſcription of it in an an-
cient Eulogy of Hiſtories, in Leland's ſecond Manu.
ſcript Tone, p. 255. Secunda wia principals dicitur
Watling ſtreate, &c. i. e. The ſecond principal way s
caltd Watlingſtreate, going from South-eaſt to North-
weſt. For it begins at Dover, runs through the midſt of
Kent by London; thence by St. Albans, Dunſtable,
| Stratford, Touceſter, Li:tleborne, S. Gilberr's hill
near Shrowebury ; thence by Stratton, and ſo through the
middle of Wales to Cardigan.
From hence let us go forward to Claybroke, where
Mr. Camden places the Bemnones, and Mr. Burton
confirms his opinion. The former obſerves that an-
cient Coyns were here very comrhonly digg'd up,
wth likewiſe adds Roman bricks ; as
giverr us the inſcriptions of ewo Coyns. The firſt is
of the Emperour Caixs Ca/izn/s in copper, ſtamp'd,
25 Occo ſers down, A. D. 42. upon the one fide, the
For in la the grea”
a Charter of the 35th year of Edw. 3. he is expreſly iter
nam'd William Earl of Henhaud and Leiceſter. And Duchy
accordingly in the Inquiſition, 46 Edw. 3. ſhe by »»ncatter.
Emperour with a Lawrel wreath, wich this Inſcrip-
tion, C. Ceſar. Divi. Auli. Proy. Aug. P. M. T. R.
P 1113. PP, Upon the reverſe, Vefta S. C. Veſta
Fi ſitting
> — — OCONEE — o—_—_R@ONO GRO ———_ — _ _ — _
—— —_—
COARIAITT INE F
tw of Townes ard Riigr: Higher, cn ti cchtr — Frrzranrans, the name =terect 5 x 2: this day, Tu
ce of the rae s Bowe, whore = Gz26 tie bet fem to we io have berg firaarce mn that place wick ==
md moſt zxroron't fort <f + ime for trm boiidnz = 2ow cad Barret], 206 Erdrarrcs ; or bevacen, © ©
A ie mis rom £2 me Sur nds x5 cn F rams ar 22G Exe, S
te me Tra: 5. Atop fd: of wth, = mar mic, a6 =e
Lomgh- r= place 25d LexeeSer. The prefer name .
es. Aarrews which feriy'd amor == Sanus 2 fn fd
1 ce, comes from For D =. Eu ttc mot omni:
ic procf =, thx ic greend & a ffcep £21 on a!
files ber rhe foett-ean ; on &e mp © wich 7:
mans re manikit aprezznce of 2 iowa Sr
2 doutlc wrench, 2=d © mack where te walls wo:
which encioked abort 15 acres of ind Ati on
= Ss * arabic ground, and noe? on ths ACCLEZT » »
| chacSy, char the yourh of the nagbotm? potg
mer here yearly for wiefilang, and fork Fre tn.
aisf{ i. On: may coordure from the rate,
char forne grear Tempic of me Heathen Gods hack
Pracrly Rood in its place For = the anche In
zzage of the Gark, wiich was the fame with rh of
, the Brrzzns, Yoarares fizmfis 5 grout ond Siouwm 7
| Temple, 2s Venznans Fortmtnzrs pianty mis by of = »
| Yours 2 town in France, 2 mak rei mts:
D
G £ of 2 A. As RT.
| Dad s grez Temaic by the wacd expres.
As for Ew:m, caTd for dffrmiircn Loo: from kw,
Laze: (© nzm'd the Ekntenrzec: or Lezer:, ) =
Z £2, w the Maffer cf whach 22 &c
ikfer Lazerbouſes in Enziand wart im forne fort fot
xd, 25 he hand was wo che Maftcr of che Lats:
IT
TY,
wet
Ty
}
And i & beaxr'e, that che difeae dd then
frft come inco ths Ifand om of Ezypr, winch mor
_ | chan ance had fpread = fel mo Excope; ffi in
days of Pompey the Great, 2terwards nader Her: -
cis, and at orher rams, 25 may be fern in Hiſtory =;
bur never (fo far 5 | read} Gd in before that i=c
\
ke n=
prez)
Vir =
Ezg;aat
ref
1]
TL;
by
ri
ts
places of greartr noe and fzme, ==
cuzhe noc ro oma Afton Afrwirey, ncar Barros 3
5 2 marker crown, fo named from rhe Araivay: =
coloce Lords rheveck, in which nocking & more wor-
thy our cbErranon, thin the large and tandiome
Charck *£”; nor Sk Sg:ox, moce remore, we
Fert ; which a ir tit egmcn name to a workertdl
t=iy, © = kak ==vd rcoumration from tc
lame = ; .
Lei-cferftire ba been 2wars famors for x56
Earls, men of £<==2 mr | Ard in 3xgard that m
the Saxon rimes if E=k woe boednny, [ail wſt
adorn- | came them in thr order, 25 | he beer: informs by
Themes Taibue ( 2 prrien rery wed ited in mans
tc WIR * fn the
! rzme of King of the Mcrcans, in the
—_——
#t(
[
= Te enterre. ] cance 12: The Sum Ama call in. Z rmanep> / -x=3x Lands On -Y
_ =&Ig he rr ir CoapantrrS © he OT mod = 5
-— ——
that he recall'd him ffiom baniſhment out of France,
loaded him 'with riches, honour'd him with the
County of Leiceſter *”, and his own ſiſter in marri-
age. But notwithſtanding he was thus overwhelmed
with kindneſſes, he had no ſenſe of graticude, (fuch
of Northumberland ; and one daughter, Lacy, firſt | is the villany of ſome men, ) but began to hate his
marry'd to Ivo Talboys of Anjou, and atterwards to | benefaQor ; and wickedly occaſion'd great troubles
Reger de Romara, by whom ſhe had William de Roma- | to that King, ( who had fo highly oblig'd him ) by
74 Earl of Lincoln. The male line of this Saxon | blowing up the ſtorms of Civil wars with the rebel- Se Bret
family being thus extin&, and the Saxon name in a | Jious Barons; in which himſelf, at laſt, was ſlain. worcetter-
manner trod under foot, Robert de Bellomonre [ Beax- | His honours and poſſeffions were conferr'd by King ſhire.
mont | a Norman, Lord of Pont-Audomar, and | Hen. 3. on his own younger ſon Edmund,call'd Crouch-
Earl of Mellent, obtain'd, on the death of Simon | back Earl of Lancaſter. From thence this ticle lay as
Earl of Leiceſter, a Grant of this County, by the | it were drown'd for a long ti ong thoſe of the
favour of King Hen. 1. in the year of Chriſt 1102. | Lancaſtrian family ; and Mewd, 'diughter of Henry
tine, He was @ man of great learning, eloquent, ſubtle, prudent, | Duke of Lancaſter, being married to 7 William of
+ Ei- and witty 3 but having liv'd in the beſt quality, and bore | Bavaria Earl of Hanault, Holland, Zeland, &c. add-
'"" the greateſt honour, and at laft ſeeing bis wife entid| ed to his other titles this. alſo of Leiceſter. For in lathe grez
from bim by another Earl, mm bis old age be became trou-| a Charter of the 35th year of Edw. 3. he is expreſly ___—_
bled in mind, and fell into 6 deep melancholy, To him | nam'd William Earl of Henhaud and Leiceſter. And Dedwad
ſucceeded his fon, firnam'd Bofſu ** for diſtinRien, his | accordingly in the Inquiſition, 36 Edw. 3. ſhe by —ancater.
grandſon firnam'd Blanchemaines **, and his great- | the name of Dutcheſs of Bavaria held the Caſtle, Ma-
grandſon Fitz-Parnel, all Roberts. Of which the laſt | now, and Honour of Leiceſter. Who dying without
( who was calld Fitz, Parnel from his mother Perro- | iſſue, this honour thereupon came to Fohn of Gaunt
villa or Parnel, daughter and coheir of the laſt Hugh | Duke of Lancaſter, who had marry'd Blanch the ſe-
* Grant-maiſnill 7 ) dy'd without iſſue. A few years | cond ſiſteriof Mawd. From which time it was uni-
{5"-ter, Simon de Montfort ( deſcended from a baſtard- | ted to the Houſe of Lancaſter, until in our remem-
ſon of Robert King of France ) who had marry'd the | brance it was reviy'd in Robert Dudley, whom Qu.
filter of Robert Fiutz.-Parnell, enjoy'd this honour. Bur | Elizabeth, in the fixth year of her reign, by the ce-
.2; he and his being expell'd in the year 1200 **, —__ remony of pirding with a ſword, made Earl of
Earl of Cheſter obtain'd this dignity, not by heredi- | Leiceſter », Flim the Uniced Belgick Provinces ( be-
tary right, but his Prince's favour. Yet ards | ing deeply engag'd in wars) unanimouſly choſe to
Simon de Montfort, ſon of the aforefaid Simon, ob-| manage their Government, and ſoon after caſt off
tained the Earldom, Almaric his elder brother _— again and rejected ; after which he finiſh'd this life,
relinquiſh'd his right before Hen. 3. So great an | 1588, 3*
indulgent was the favour of K. Hen. 3. to this man, :
. / Holland in his tranſlation ſays, Henry Dake of Bavaria, Earl of Hanault, ©*c. But tis a miſtake, for he was neither Henry, not Duke of Bave-
ri2 ; lis elder brother Stephen, being Dukz of Bavaria after his father, and this #iliam, the ſecond fon, Earl of Hrneult, Holand, &c. which was
hs mother's inheritance. And heogh he might be call'd Duke of Bavaris, as in Germany all younger ſons ( if never ſo many) take their fathers
tle; yer not being really ſuch, Camden it ſeems thought it more proper to name him Guilielmus Baryarus Hannenie, &c. Comer.
'; Becauſe he was crook- back'd ; who after he had rebelld ag ainit King Hen. 1. ( the ſecond he means) weary of hu looſe irregular life, became
a Canon Regular. *5 Of hu lily white hands ; who fided with the young King againſt King Hin 2. and dy'd in the expedition of King Rich. 1. to
thr Holy Land. *? In whoſe right he was Sen?[chal or Steward of England, and dy iſſneleſs in the time of King Jolm: :4 As wholly devoted
to the French, 9 Granted to him the Stewardſhip of England. " 3» And extraordinarily farvonr'd. » keaving the fame only of his griatneſs .
» hind bim,
Within this County are 200 Pariſh-Churches.
— Ars
IIS AY
ADDITIONS to LEICESTERSHIRE.
Foſſe-way and Watlingftreet, has diſcover'd | contriv'd it on purpoſe to prevent a deformity of pro-.
moſt places of note in Leiceſterſhire ; 1o had | nunciation upon a frequent OCCurTence of that lecter.
that the fortune to be mo- | But the preſent inhabitants, as they retain no T6!
ther of a, moſt: admirable; ,/ Mr. Burrow, He | mains of it in their ſpeech, ſo neither in their me-"
dn ys led _ rem ann. morys _ moſt ancient among them knowing no- WD
quities;; 'and- a duty and graticude en- | thing of it. ; _
d hint £06 . that: calent- his native] [b}] The next place he touches upon is ating"
Bag to employ that upon . rec. ©
Country, that1is mig bt not (-88- of les it) he | freet, which he fays he rrac'd into Wales. Thy"
any longer | obſear d with darkmefo.1 Allpanian accurace | brings to my r a4 an old deſcription of it in an"
lurrey, he found.out (pieces of tm hairy, which | cient Eulygy: of Hifarie;, in 1Leland's Ma
Mr. 2's, ran 9 opycr'd. | Icripe'('Þ _
AC -- ranma ſecond” hey »
: S Mr. Camden, by the dire&ions of the | any (r] therein. Which if erue ; he (no doubt )
LO on oft OO VR SEN Be CAO I A ABBA on 3 Es > oc 10) $9 AREA dy Et 7 19 4 SH, oft 4s: RET Coo OBI) $95 ae Art Nr; 9s 97G ee. AO be el ot err rs er wh = _
1 O0- » wv» #. "_ av —_ S - " > A. wo _
. _ - _
eCards h—enits "a. Zo ane end» Ergo b abut none) DEF} SEATING orgs dedgttede <> etch Ai ae SthSedit—oagimnde—oes _—_
ee IE _—__ — —— ———_ —_— — -- ——O— - - ———
CORIT ANTI.
ſitting in a chair, ho:ding in her right hand a diſh. |
The other coin is of Conſtantine the great, ſtamp d
AD. 306. upon the one lide, the face with a Lawrel
wreath circumſcrib'd , wiz. Conſtantinas P. F. Aug.
Upon the reverſe, Sol: invitto Comiti, T. F.P.T.K.
The figure of the Sun. Sir William Dugdale farther
obſerves, that the earth ( ſo far as this extended ) 15
of a darker colour than the reſt thereabouts ; and of
ſ{uch ranknefs, that much of ic hath been carry'd by
the husbandmen to further diſtances, like dung , to
make the ground more fertile.
Fd] Next let us accompany him to Beſworth, me-
| morable for the defeat of Richard the third. But
that battel was fought at three miles diſtance from
the town, and the held took its name from it, as be-
ing the moſt remarkable place adjacent. The exact
place of the battel is frequently more and more dil-
coverd by pieces of armour, weapons, and other
warlike accoutrements digg'd up; and eſpecially a
great many arrow-heads were tound there, which are
of a long, large, and big proportion , far greater
than any now in uſe. There is likewiſe a little
Mount caſt up, where the common report is , that
before the engagement, Henry, Earl of Richmond,
made his Speech for encouragement of the Army.
[e] Next to this field , Lezceſter preſents it elf ;
where Mr. Camden places the Rate, upon theſe two
reaſons, that it ſtands by the Foſ-way , and that it
beſt anſwers the diſtances aflign'd by Antoninus. How
lucky he was in this conjeRure, is evident from feve-
ral pieces of Roman Antiquities diſcover'd here ſince
his time. As 1. An ancient temple, dedicated (as is
ſuppos'd) to Fanzs, which had a Flamen or High-
prieſt reſident here : an argument whereof is the
great ſtore of bones of beaſts (which were facrific'd)
that have been digg'd up. On this account that place
in the town is ſtill calld Holy-bones ; where there are
ſome ruins of ancient brick-work remaining. 'Tis
{aid that the Church of S. Nicholas was built out of
the ruins of it ; and indeed the conjeQure receives
ſome ſtrength from hence, that the preſent building
has many rows and pieces of bricks about it. 2.Ano-
ther conſiderable piece of Antiquity was diſcover'd
in this town by an inhabitant , who ſeveral years
ago was digging for a Cellar ; and the work-men
were very careful to have it preferv'd. *Tis the fable
of Aon curiouſly deſcrib'd and wrought with little
ſtones, ſome of a white, the other of a cheſnut co-
lour. It is a very rare piece, and ( as is conjetur'd
by moſt) of Roman Antiquity, The Cellar is near
the Elm-trees, not far from All-Saint's Church , and
few travellers of curioſity paſs by that way without a
ſight of it. 43. There have been found here Medals
and Coins in great abundance, both of ſilver and cop-
per ; of Veſpaſian, Domitian , Trajan, Antonine, and
others, 4. Near the town, ſomewhat deep in the
ground, was found a piece of work of ſtone, arch'd
over ; the ſtones very ſmall, about an inch long, and
halt an inch broad and thick, finely joynted toge-
ther with a thin mortar. It was in length about hve
or lix yards, in breadrh about four; the roof cover'd
with a ſquare kind of quarry, with ſmall earthen
pipes therein. "This (as Mr. Burton imagines) was a
Stouphe or Hot-houſe to bathe in ; for Vitruvius cells
us that the Romans growing by degrees wealthy and
wanton, made uſe of theſe hot bathes to purge and
clarife themſelves.
Next to the Antiquities of the place, I cannot but
take notice of a memorable Epitaph in the Church
of S. Martin's there, over Mr. John Heyrick , who
dy'd the 2d of April, 1589.aged 76. Heliv'din one
houſe with Mary his wife full 52 years ; and in all
that time never bury'd man, woman, nor child, tho?
lometimes twenty in family. The faid Mary liv'd
to 97 years, and ſaw before her death (Dec.8. 1611.)
of her children, and childrens children , and their
children, to the number of 143.
In this place, there is a Hoſpital built by Henry
Earl of Lancaſter, 5 Edw. 3. with a Chapel where-
in Divine Service is daily perform'd. Ir ſtill in ſome
meaſure ſubſiſts by certain ſtipends paid out of the
Dutchy of Lancaſter, together with divers new cha-
rities, Bur that which is more conſiderable is 2n
—_ CO
- — <— OC ————
the Staple in this town, in the rezgn of King Hemy 6.
which is in a very proſperous condition.
but a market. It is kept on Mondays ; but beſide thac
privilege , they have likewiſe a yearly Fair upon the
29th of June, on $. Peter's day, granted by King
Edward the firlt in the ewentieth yeapot his reign, to
Nicholas de Segrave the elder.
right honourable Thomas Grey, Earl of Stamford, and
Baron Grey of Groby.
Hoſpital buile by Sir William H 1p [ on, a Merchant cf
[ f } North ot Leiceſter, upen the Sear, lyes Ment. \
ſorebill, which Mr. Camden ſays is famous for nothing *
$1
F ,
"Y
Not far from whence is Bradgate, the ſeat of the z.,1,,
In the Hundred of Sparkenhoe South-welt of Leice- tiny
ſter,lyes Lindley; of which Lordſhip 'tis very remat kab!e
(lays Burton) that therein was never ſeen adder,inake,
or lizzard ;tho' in all the bordering places they nave
been commonly found. Not far from hence 1s Hzy-
ham, in old Deeds written Hecham ; and is memora-
ble among other things, for a curious piece of Anti:
quity *, diſcover'd there in the year 1507. TY
An inhabicant of this town, in taking up a great
{quare-ſtone, which lay in Watling-ſtreer-way, 1.pon
the crofling of another way that leads to Coventry ;
met with about 25o pieces of ſilver of the coin of
King Henry 3. each of the weight of three pence.
On the one ſide thereof was the King's head, with a
hand holding a Scepter, circumſcribed Herricus Rex;
on the other ſide, a Croſi-molin between Rownde!s, with
this circumſcription Fulke on Lued. There was allo a
gold ring with a fair Ruby in it, another with an
Agat ; and a third of Silver, wherein was a flat rud-
dy ſtone engraven wich Arabick Characters, thus :;
Engliſhed by one Mr. Bedwel ,
By Mahomet magnife him,
Turn from him each hand that may hurt him.
He found likewiſe certain great Catch-hooks and
Keepers of Silver, with certain Links of an old fa-
ſhion'd great Gold-chain. All theſe lay by the ſide
of the Tous, deep in the ground. Under the ſame
ſtone, there lay two or three pieces of Silver, Coins
of Trajan the Emperour.
+ This laſt or”
ſtone it ſelf was a baſis to fome Altar dedicated: to
Trajan ; according to that cuſtom of the Romans, ot
laying ſome of the preſent Emperour's coins under
the foundation. of, their buildings , monuments, &c.
The fame cuſtom they had in their Burials, as ap-
pears by the Coins found in ſeveral Urns and Bar-
rows throughout England. And this perhaps may
account for the ſtone and coins. The money, rings,
and other chings found by the lide of the ſtone, Mr.
Burton conje&ares to have been the treaſnre of lome
particularly. by William Ruf«s ; upon which they be- |
came very rich and flouriſhing. But cheir wealch in
the ſucceeding reigns did chem an injury ; being mt-
ſerably cortur'd by King John to make them dilco-
ver and deliver up their hidden treaſures. In «e
11th of Edw, 1. their Synagogues were all piuckt
down ; andin the 16th. of that King., they weie all
baniſhr the Realm, to the number of 15000. But
then their riches was all to be left behind ; and they
were not allow'd to take any money or goods away
with them, ſave only for the neceſſary charges 0i
tranſportation. In which d'fliculty, what can Ww®
imagine more probable than that they bury'd and 11d
their treaſures under-ground, in hopes that the tuc-
ceeding King's reigns might be more favourab.-e 0
them ? The ring with Arabick characters ſeems 0
confirm. the ſame thing ; and might te brought Cv
on
be »
«191
ge would perſwade us, that the +!:
oa
ew. | For that people flouriſh'd mightily in Eng- it
and a little after the Conqueſt, being gory _
*
+
, Lan
P41
ed
_
Fe
LEICESTERSHIRE.
— -— -- -- — —__—
out of Paleſtine or ſome of thoſe Eaſtern Coun-
ties by ſome of the Few's, who (as Buxtortius tells us)
had a natural love to their own Country, and usd
ſometimes to viſit it. And the learned Antiquary
before-mention'd, is of opinion, that it was laid here
to challenge the property, whenever there ſhould be
occaſion to enter a claim, becauſe withote fome
ſuch ching they would belong to the King, or to a
common perſon by preſcription. Thus, f when Lud-
gate was taken down in the year 1586. to bere-built,
they found in the wall a ſtone engraven with He-
brew Letters to this effect, Thu « the dwelling of Rab-
bi Moſes, the ſon of the honourable Rabbi [ſaac.
[g] Let us now turn our courſe towards the North,
to Lougbborow, the ancient inheritance of the noble
. family of the Deſpen/ſers, who obtain'd the privilege
of a weekly market, with certain fairs to be k
here. Burt upon the Death and Attainder of Hugh
le Deſpenſer, Earl of Wincheſter, the 19th of Edw.2.
jc was forfeited ro the Crown, and granted by King
Edward the third to Henry Lord Beaumont in 'Gene- | for
ral-tail; in whoſe poſterity it continu'd, till William
Viſcount Beaumont , being in the battel of Towrom-
field, on the ſide of King Henry 6. was artainted of
High-treaſon x Edw. 4. and the manour granted to
William Lord Ha#:ings. But the Viſcount Beaumont
was reftor'd to it by King Henry the ſeventh, and
upon the Attainder of Viſcount Love! his fucceflor, ic
recurn'd co the Crown. The 19th of Hetity 8. the
Marqueſs of : Dorſet obtain'd a grant of ir'; but upon
the Attainder of his fon, Henry Duke of - Suffolk,”
2 Mar. it was forfeited to the Queen,who granted it
to Edward Lord Haſtings of Loughborough , from
whom it. dire&ly deſcended to Theophilus now Earl
ot Hunting don.
Mr. Camden obſerves that it gave the Title of Ba-
ron to' Sir Edward Haſtings. He was third fon to
George, Earl of Huntingdon, and did great Ser-
vices to Queen Mary by the forces he had raisd on
the death of King Edward the ſixth , to oppoſe the
Lady Jane Grey. He was firſt made Maſter of her
Horſe, of her Privy Council, and Knight of the
molt noble Order of the Garter. Having obtain'd
the Grant of this Manour, amongſt others , he was
created Lord Haſting of this place, and made Lord
Chamberlain to that Queen's houſhold. Since Mr.
Camden's time, it hath given the fame title to Henry
Haſtings Eſquire, ſecond fon to Henry Earl of Hun-
tingdon, who was a perſon of great valour and mi-
litary condu@; and the firſt that appear'd in arms
on the behalf of King Charles the firſt, conduaed
the Queen from Burlington to Oxford, planted divers
garifons with his own forces, and particularly that of
Aſhby de Ia Zouch in this County ; and as a reward
for his extraordinary ſervice, was 19 Car. r. advanc'd
to the dignity of a Peer of this Realm, by the title
of Baron of Lowgbborough. He departed this life un-
married at London, 18 Jan. 1666. in: the 55th year
of his age, and was bury'd in the Collegiate Chapel
Royal of St. George in Windfor-caſtle.
h] Further cowards the North , is Dumington,
which Mr. Camden obſerves was beſtow'd upon
Hugh le Deſpenſer the younger by Edward the ſecond ;
whoſe father, Hugh le Deſpenſer the elder, King Ed-
ward the ſecond created Earl of Wincheſter. But
1 Edw. 3, Henry Earl of Lancaſter obtain'd a Re-
verſal of his brother's Attainder, together with a re-
ſticution of his eſtate ; of which this caſtle and ma-
nour was a part. Affferwards deſcending to Kin
Henry the fourth, it became parcel of the Dutchy o
Lancaſter, and fo continu'd rill the reign of Queen
Elizabeth 3; when Robert Earl of Eſſex having ob-
taind a grant of the Park, did in the latter end of
that Queen's reign fell the ſame to George Earl of
| Huntingdon, which now is the inheritance of Theo-
philus the preſent Earl of Huntingdon. From hence
we pals to Aſhby de 1s Zouch, which manour Mr.Cam- Aſhby ge a
den tells us came to the Ha#tings ; and that happen'd ©
upon the Attainder of Fames Rutler Earl of Ormond
and Wiltſhire, after King Edward the fourth reco.-
ver'd the Crown. Sir Wiliam Haſtings had a grant
of it in conſideration of his ſignal Services againſt
King Henry the'ſrxrh , and his ; upon which:
account, he was alfo made a Baron, Chamberlain of
the King's houfhold, Captain of Calice, and Kniphe
of the Garter. This I take to be the ſame William,
that Mr. Camden fays procur'd the privilege of a Fair
there from Henry the ſixth, (for he cannot mean the
market, boceals the town enjoy'd that privilege long
before.) Ir muſt be a miſtake for Edward he ork
becauſe Sir Williatn always oppos'd the Lancaftrian
party in favour of the Houſe of York, and upon that
turn of government procur'd this grant. Beſides, it
expreſly appears that 1x Edw. 4. he had a Charter
two Fairs to be' held there yearly ; with licence
to 'make, amongſt other of his houſes, this of Aſhby,
a-:caſtle ; which was demoliſke in 1648. At which
time many other noble ſeats underwent the ſame fate
by an ordinance of the Parliament. This manour
it a lineal defceht' from the ſaid Wiliam Lord Ha-
Fings, is the inheritance of Theophilus now Earl of
Huntingdon.
Mr. Camden to the Eaſt-part of this County; where
Burrow offers it ſelf, being in his opinion the Verno-
meturms of Antoninus. Mr. Burton ſpeaking of the
place, barely recites Camden's words, without deli-
vering his own judgment : but a more diſtin& ac-
count of the place, which I had ſent me by an in-
genious Gentleman, very much ſtrengthens the con-
joeture. The double ditch and track of the walls are
pretty plain. The entrance into it both now and
anciently was from the Eaſt and by South. There
are two banks' caſt up about ten yards in length; and
five or fix in diſtance one from the other ; where
the Portal ap to have been, and where the en-
trance is partly level from the field adjoyning, there
being ( as Mr. Camden well deſcribes it ) a ſteep
and upright aſcent on all other fides. The inter-
pretation of a great temple ſeems to anſwer the ſtate
of the place exceeding well ; for there do not fo
much appear the marks of a town demeliſh'd
( which Mr. Camden intimates; ) as ſome particular
great a Van rather a Temple than any other,
to which the ſeveral adjacent colonies might conve-
niently reſort. The hill contains ewelve Acres in
modern computation , and there is in the middle of
it a riſing ground. It is diſtant near half a mile
from the town of Burrow, and there is a very plea-
ſant proſpect from it, eſpecially to the Welt.
[k ] Beſides the fair Church at Melton- Mowbray
mention'd by our Author, it had a Chantry for
about fourteen Prieſts, ſituate near the South-eaſt
corner of the Church ; which being repair'd 3s now
the Parſonage-houſe belonging to the Impropriation
of the ſaid Church. The market , which is upon
Tueſdays, is the moſt conſiderable for cattel of any
in this part of England.
Continuation of the EARLS.
Some years after the death of Robert Dudley ( men-
tion'd by our Author ) King James the firſt created
Robert Sidney, Viſcount Liſle, (deſcended from a ſiſter
of the laſt Roberr) Earl of Leiceſter. To him ſuc-
ceeded Robert his ſon, who had by the Lady Dorothy,
daughter to Henry Earl of Northumberland , Philip,
his heir and ſucceflor in this dignity.
R U T-
Ff2
[i] From the North , we muſt paſs along with Burrow.
——_— —_—_— — M.A ls a—_ _}_—_———_ —— ——þ{WU.c _.
CORITAN L
— - — —— ——
Rutland,
why (o
call'd.
RUTLANDSHIRE.
UTLAND, in the Saxon Rorelans,
is in a manner encompab'd wich Ler-
ceſterſhire ; unleſs on the ſouth, where
it lyes on the river Welland, and on
the eaſt, where it borders on the
County of Lincoln. It is no way. in-
feriour to Leiceſterſhire, either in richneſs of foil,
or pleaſantneſs of ſituation ; but only tor its quan-
tity, in which reſpedt it 15 much —_—_—, be-
ing the leaſt County of all England. Its form is al-
moſt circular, and contains within irs compals fo
much ground as a good horſleman may ride about in
one day. Hence it is, that the peoplz of this Coun-
try have a ſtory of | know not what King, who gave
to one Rut as much land as he could ride abut in a
day ; and he riding round this County within the
time ſpecily'd, had it thereupon given him, and
call'd it after his own name. Burt ler ſuch fables va-
niſh: we will not injure truth with idle fancies. In
regard therefore, that the earth of this County is in
many places ſo ruddy that it colours the fleeces of
the ſheep ; and conſidering that the Saxons calld a
red colour Roer and Rud, why may we not ſuſpect
that Rutlavud was fo named, quaſi Redland ? as the
Poet ſays, Conveniunt rebus nomina ſepe ſu. i.e. There's
commonly an agreement between n.,;;2s and things.
Several places among all nations hav'c been named
from redneſs; Rutlen-Ca///e in Wales built on a red
ſhore, the Red Promontory, the Red 5-a berween Egypt
and Arabia, Erytheia in Ionia ; and leveral other in»
ſtances evince the ſame thing. There is therefore no
occaſion to liſten to fables for this Etymology a)
This little parcel of land has made a County buc
of late days; for in the time of Edward the Confel-
ſor, it was eſteemed a part of Northamptonſhire.
And our Hiſtorians who writ before the laſt 3oo
years, mention not this in the number of the
Counties | b ].
Waſh, or Gwaſh, a rivulet riſing in the weſt, runs
to the eaft, almoſt through the very middle of this
County, and divides it into ewo parts. In the hi-
thermoit, or fouth diviſion, ſtands Uppingbam on a
riſing ground, from whence it had its name { c}]. Ir
is not memorable for any thing beſides a well-fre-
quented market, and a handſom ſchool, which ( as
alſo another at Okebam,) R. Jobnſon a Divine, with
a laudable deſign tor the- good education of youth,
lately erected out of certain contributions.
Below this ſtands Dry-Sroke, which I cannot omit,
in regard it hath been an old ſeat of that famous and
ancieat family of the Dighies : which * Everard Digby
hath now branded with an eternal mark of infamy
by wickedly conſpiring with thoſe wretched Incen-
diaries, who deſign'd with one ſingle charge of Gun-
powder to have deltroy'd both their Prince and
Country [d] *.
In the turthermoſt diviſion, beyond the river, en-
compals'd with hills, lyes the pleaſant and fruitful
valley, now call'd The Yale of Catmoſe, perhaps from
Coet maes, which in the Britiſh tongue ſignifies a
woody field or ground. In the mid!t of which vale,
ſtands Okeham, that ſezms for the fame reaſon to
have taken it's name from Oaks. Near the Church
3 are ſtill remaining the ruinous walls of an old ca-
ſtle, built. as is reported, by * IYalkelin de Ferrarizs in
the beginning of the Normans. And that it was the
habitati-n ot the Ferrars, beiides the authori:y of tra-
dition, is ſuthciently evident from the Horſe-ſbces,
(which that family gave for their Arms ) naild on
the -;res, and in the hall. Afterwatds this town be-
I:zd to the Lords of Tatteſhall. But when King
— - -
Richard 2. advanced Edward, ſon of the Duke of
York, to the title of Earl of Racland, he alſo gave
him this Caſtie. In the memory of the laſt age
it came to Thomas Cromwell, and, as I have read, g,,..
' gave him the title of Baron. Henry 8. advanc'd C»-.
this perlon to the higheſt dignity ; but foon after,
when by his many projets he had expos'd himſzclt
to the (torms of envy, on a ſudden he depriv'd him
both of life and honours { e].
Eaſtward from hence is Burley, moſt pleaſantly ficu- g...
ated, overlooking the V ale. This is now the magnifi-
cent ſeat of the Harringtons, who by marriage with
the daughter and heir ot Colepeper, came to fo large an
inhei tance in_thoſe parts, that ever fince they have
been a floutithing family : in like manner as the Col.
pepers were before them, to whom, by N. Green, the
gicat eltate of the Bruſes did in pait deſcend.
Which Bruſes being of the chief Nobility of Eng-
land, match'd into the Royal family of Scorland;
| from whom, by Robert the eldeſt brother, the Royal
Line of the Scots, and by Bernard a younger brother,
the Cortons of Connington 1n the County of Hunting don,
(of whom I have already ſpoken) and thete Harring-
zons, are deſgended. Upon which account, K. James ,,_.
dignify'd Sir Fobn Harrington *%, a moſt famous and tw»;
worthy Knight, with che title of Baron Harrington
of Exton 5 [1
On the ealt-ſide of this County, near the river
Gaaſh, lye Brigcaſterton ( of which more hereafter,)
and Ribel}, where, when ſuperſtition had fo bewitch-
ed our Anceſtors that it had almoſt remov'd the true
God by the multiplicity of Gods, one Tibba, a Sainc 71.5:
of the leſſer rank, was worſhip'd by Falconers as a fe- © =
cond Dians, and reputed a kind of Patronels of Fa/.
conry [g]. Next adjoyning is Eſſenden, whoſe Lord,
Robert Cecil, (the excellent fon of an excellent father
who was the ſupport of our kingdom,) was lately
created by King James, Baron Cecil of Eſſenden.
This little County, Edward the Conteſfor deviſed othik
3 his laſt Will to his wife Eadb, conditionally, that
after her death ic ſhould go to St. Peter's at Weltmin-
ſter. Theſe are the words of the Teſtament : 1w:/,
that after the deceaſe of Queen Eadgith my wife, Roteland,
with all things thereunto belonging, be gruen to my Mona-
ſtery of the mo#t bleſſed Peter, and that it be ſurrender'd
without delay to the Abbot and Monks there ſerving God,
for ever. But this Teſtament of his was vacated by
William the Norman, who keeping a great part of
chis eſtate co himſelf, divided the reſt ro Fud:rh rhe
Counteſs (whoſe daughter marry'd David Þ. of Scots)
tO Robert Mallet, Oger, Giſlebert of Gaunt, Earl Hugh,
Alberic the Clerk, and others. But to Weſtminlter
he lefr indeed art firſt the tithes, but afterwards only
the Church of Okeham with the Appendices [or Cha
pelries] thereunto belonging.
This County cannot boaſt of many Earls. The gr
firſt Earl of Rutland was | h} Edward, eldeſt fon of k-
Edmund of Langley, Duke of York ; who, by the ſpe-
cial favour of K. Rich. 2. was created during the life
of his father, and after that by the ſame King declar'd
Duke of Albemarle. This is he who wicked.y con-
ſpired to remove K. Hen. 4. and then with like levity
dilcoverd che Conſpiracy. But after his fathers
death, being Duke of York, he was ſain valiant!y
hghting amidlt the thickeſt of the enemies at the bat-
tel of Jgincourt. A good while after, ſucceeded in this
ti:ie Edward, the young ſon of Richard Duke of York,
who was ſlain with his tather at the battel of J/ate-
field, during the diſmal times of thoſe Civil wars.
Many years after that, Henr. 8. advanc'd Thomas Man:
ours to the Earldom of Rutland, who in right ol
_ — —— —_—_—_—
« He was a vounger {on ro M{illiam de Ferrers Er of Derby, 2nd held Okehom by the ſervice of cne Knights fee and a half, 12 Rn. 2. 77:g/4
Pag- 95.
1 ([ grieve to utter it, but all moms know it.)
s H: was Baron Crermwed of i#imbledon, bur nut of Okehann.
Sce the priated Stat. of 31 Hen. 8. concerning Gavelkand,
* Mere ealiward upmn the river Welland I ſaw nothing remarkable, unleſs it be Berohdon, nw
Buodon, which Thomas Beauchamp Earl of # arwick held with Sourh-Lufferham awd other Eamlers, by ſcrwice to the King's Chamberlain in tht
Exch.quer. Fr. 14 Ed. 3. 3 | ich 3s large and fair.
where be hath alſo anethr fair houſc.
ot.
|
* Braul'd from the ſitm of the ancicus Lords Haringron.
5 A 1097 adjacen:,
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2 — — _____— — — -
"RUTLAN
DSHIRE.
f eern—
-
Eleanor his grandmother was then poſleſt of the large
and noble inheritance of the Barons Roos, lying in
che neighbouring parts. To him ſucceeded Henry ;
and after him Edward his ſon, to whom ( not to ſay
more ) that of the Poer is molt truly and properly
applicable :
Nomen virtutibus 4quat,
Nec ſinit ingenium nobilitate premi.
—— In virtues as in titles great,
Nor lets his honour ſoar above his wic.
Bute he dying young, left his honours to Fobn his
brother ; and he allo being foon after cut off b
death, Roger his ſon became his ſucceſſor, who di
wer: all the marks of che nobility of his An-
celtors. |
'1
Thu little County is adorn'd with 48 Pariſh-Churches.
-_—— - — ——
ADDITIONS to
vw Hat the original of this County's
name was, WE are In a great
meaſure in the dark ; for as
Mr. Camden's Roet and Rud
will not do, becauſe we are aflur'd there is no-
thing in the County to juſtifie ſuch a conjecture z ſo
Mr. Wright's Rotelandia quaſi Rotunda-landia, will
hardly pats, till we can give ſome probable account
how it came by a Latin name, more than other parts
of England. The Conqueſt could not bring it in,
becauſe we find it call'd fo in the time of Edward the
Confeſlor ; and beſide, ſo much of it as belong'd to:
Nottinghamſhire, (to which the name Roreland
was given before the reſt came to be part of it) is
far from making a circular figure, how rownd foever
(3
—_—
RUTLANDSHIRE.
ingbam, when the Court came, progreſs that way,
he was ferv'd up to the table in a cbid pye. Between
che' 7th and the 3<th year of his age, he grew noc
much ; but a liccle after 30 he ſhot up to that heighth
which he remain'd at in his old age, 5. e. about 3 toot
and. 9 inches. See Wright's Ruclandſhire, pag. 105.
In the 22d of K. Rich. 2. William Dalby of Exton, a
Merchant of the Staple, tounded an Hoſpital at Oke-
bam for the maintenance of 2 Chaplains and 12 poor
men, endowing the ſame with a revenue of 4o /.
per an. It is {fa in being, but extremely decay'd,
impoveriſh'd, and different from it's firſt Inſtitution.
About the ruins of the old Caſtle wall there grows
Dane-weed, which comes up every ſpring, and dyes
in the fall.
it may be when all cogether.
[b] When the County of Rutland came to be di-
ſtint, or upon what occaſion; is alrogecher unknown.
['f] North from hence lyes Market-Overton, where Marker-
Mr. Camden, in his Edicion of 1590. places the \*27-
Mars i du
Margidunum of Antoninus, and calls it Marged-overton, num.
Mr. Camden ſays, that: Authors 300 years old make
no mention of it as of a ſeparate Shire; but that it.
was diſtin” before, is certzin; for in the 5th of
King John, ſabe! his new Queen had, at her Coro-
buc. wichout laying down any reaſon why he-alcers
the orthography from the common pronunciation.
In the edition of 1607. he has remov'd ic to about
Belvoir-caſtle, invited (1 ſuppoſe) principally by the
height of the bill, which anſwers the termination * Appmdix
nation, affigned her. in Parliament for her dowry
denum. But there was no occaſion for that, * ſince ** <7
2, among other lands, * Com. Roteland. &- willam de Ro-
a
m piſs.
Pe. 37 5»
4:, vation from an aſcent, F the ground upon which it
kingham i» Com. Northampt. &c. And in 12 Johan.
the Cu/tos did account for the profits of this County
in the Exchequer. Which Cuſos can relate to nothing
but the Sheriff of the County, who was and {till is as
it were a Guard; and his office is imply'd in his
name Scype-zepepa, from which Sheriff is contract-
ed, ſignifying no more than a Keeper of the County.
[c | In the ſouth part of this County lies Uppongham,
the ſite whereof will hardly bear Mr. Camden's deri-
ſtands being ſomething above a level, but hardly
amounting to a hill. Fobnſon who is ſaid to have
buile the ſchool, was call'd Robert ; and beſide that,
buile ewo Hoſpitals, one at Okeham, and another here
at Uppingham. |
Near this place is Lydington , where, about the
year 1602. Thomas Lord Burgley ſett'd an Hoſpital or
Alms-houſe, for a Warden, 12 men, and 2 poor
women; which he call'd Zeſws- Hoſpital. And in the
lame Hundred at Morcor was another, founded in the
time of King James 1. by one Filſon, tor ſix poor
people.
sk d}] Next is Dry-foke ; where, as the family of the
D:7bies has been render'd infamous by Sir Everard,
Market-Overton {tands upon the higheſt hill wichin
view thereabout, except Burley and Cole-Overton. And
as for the Marge; in the fields abour it there is great
ſtore of lime-ftohe, whereof good lime has been
made ;* which a very well wich the Britiſh
Marga, us'd by them ( as he fays ) to improve their
grounds, Here are likewiſe to be found ſuch plenty
of Roman Coyns, as but few places in choſe parts
afford. Within theſe few years, there have been ga-
ther'd between 200 and 3oo on a little furlong about
half a mile from this crown. As for the diſtances
with reſpect to other Stations thereabouts, they are
very uniform. From Ganſemne, i. e. Brigge-calter-
ron, 6 miles; from Verometum, i. e. Burgh-hill, 7
miles ; and from Ad Pontem, i. e. Great-Pa.:nron, 7
miles. So that they who ſeek it in any other place,
may probably loſe their labour.
The objection againſt it is, that (Market) the affi-
nity whereof with che Latin name feems to have gi-
ven the firſt hint to this conjecture, muſt not be
thought any remain of the Roman name, but ground-
ed upon the Market there every week. And no doubt,
this has been the conſtant opinion of the inhabitants,
lo by his eldeſt ſon Sir Kenelm Digby, a perſon of no- |
ted worth and learning, hath it receivd no ſmall
honour. |
[e] More towards the north is Okeham, where is
an ancient cuſtom continu'd to this day, that every
Baron of the Realm, the firſt time he comes through
this town, ſhall give a horſe-ſhoe to nail upon the
Caſtle-gate ; which if he refuſes, the Baylitf of char
manour has power to ſtop his coach, and rake one off
his horſe's foor. But commonly they give 5, 10, or
20 ſhillings, more or leſs as they pleaſe ; and in pro-
portion to the gift, the ſhoe is made larger or ſmaller,
with the name and titles of the Donor cut upon it ;
and ſo 'tis nail'd upon the gate.
| Inthe year 1619. was born here a Dwarf icarce 18
Inches in height, when a year old. His father was a
ty tour man, and fo were all his other children,
ing taken int) the family of ths late Duks of Buck- | iſſuing out of this manour of Corſmore, and letr it to
| town fo.
the name from the Charter, ic was call'd AMarker-
Overten, before Bartholomew Lord Badliſmere, in the
reign of Edw. 2. obtain'd a grant for a weekly mar-
ker here; for in reciting that paſſage, he names the
Beſide, I cannot conceive to what end
the word Marker ſhould be added: not bur it 1s com-
mon enough to diſtinguiſh crowns from ſome other
of the ſame name not far off ; buc here there does
not appear to be any fuch. So that upon the whole,
'tis probable enough, that poſterity finding ſomething
prefix'd, that founded like 4ſarker, night imagine
that the market there gave occaſion to it, and fo
frame the name to their own fancies.
Not far from Mearker-Owverton is Corſmore, m2mora-
ble for the charity of Ame Lady Harrmgton, widow
of John Lord Harrington of Exton, who purchas'd
a Rent-charge of a hundred pound per 42». to be
be
now time out of mind. Bur if t Dugdale tranſcrib'd + Baronzge
vol. 2. Þ 5v
459
— — ——— - > —
be divided quarterly for ever among the poor of ſeven |
Pariſhes in this La |
2] On the Eaſt-fide of the County Iyes R4hal,
| where our Author ſays S. T:ibbs was worthip'd like
+ Hit. of another Diana; tho' Mr. * Wright tells us he knows nei-
Ruclandſh. ther the reaſon of that character, nor what relation
P-1!!- ſhe had to that place. For the firſt , upon what our
Author grounds his deſcription, I know not ; but as
+Chron. to the ſecond, we have the authority of the F Saxon
Sax. edit. Annals, which expreſly tell us ſhe was buried.at
An. 964 Ribala, now the ſame Ryal. And that thoſe times
had likewiſe a great veneration for her, may be ga
ther'd from the circumſtancesthere deliver'd.For atter
e£1fj; came to be Abbot of Peterburrough, he took up
the body of S. Kyneburge and S Cyneſwithe, and at the
| lame time the body of S. 7ibba ; and carry'd them
| Ofrede in all three to his Monaſtery, where in one day he || de-
the Saxon. 1: fed them to S. Peter, the Saint of the place.
ſh] As to the Earls; Mr. Camden makes E-
ward, fon of Edmund de Langley,(under Richard a.)
the firſt ; yet amongſt che witnefles ſublcribing to
the Charter granted by King Henry 1. to Herbert
Biſhop of Norwich, and the Monks of the Church
—-” >—_— — —————— Ro eg bo
CORITANI,
of the Holy Trinity there, A. D. rior. * we find this *
name and title, Ego Robertoes Comes Rutland. And Me
the t Learned Selden tells us, he has ſeen original + Nz
Letters of Protetion (a perfe& and incommunicable *%
— —— 4 -—— —— — -
power royal,) by that great Prince Richard Earl of
Poitiers and Cornwal, ſent to the Sheriff of Rutlaxd,
in behalf of a Nunnery about Samford. Now King
Heary the third granted him the Caſtle of Okeham
and cuſtody of this County; and Selden brings this as
one inſtance of that valt power the Earls formerly en-
joy'd.
Continuation of the E AR L5.
Roger dying without iſſue, was ſucceeded by Fran-
cis/his brother and heir; wile having no iſfiue male,
Sir George Maners , his brother and next heir-male,
came to this dignity. But he likewiſe dying withour
flue, this honour deſcended to Fab: Mipeers Plquire,
ſon and heir of Sir George Maners , donfo 7a: Ma-
ners, ſecond ſun-of Thkoway firlt Eafl 7of R@/and of
this family. Fob departed this lite, Sept. 2H. 1679.
and left this ticle co his only fon Foby, the prelenc Earl
of Rutland,
—
LINCOL
H1S County of Lincoln borders upon
Rutland on the Eaſt, call'd by the
Saxons Lincollycype,by the Normans
upon their firſt entrance into this
Iſland (by a tranſpoſal of Letters) Ni-
colſhire, but commonly now Lincoln-
frire. 'Tis a very large County, being almoſt fixty
miles long, and in ſome places above thirty broad,
fitted by the mildneſs of the air for the produce of
corn and feeding of cattel, adorn'd with many towns
and water'd with many rivers.On theEaſt-ſide it ſhoots
+ Soperci- out a + foreland of great compaſs, which bounds
kum- uponthe German Ocean ; on the North it reaches as
far as the Abus or Humber, anarm of the ſea ; on the
Weſt it joyns to Nottinghamſhire, and . on the
South 'tis parted from Northamptonſhire by the ri-
ver Welland. The whole County is divided into
three parts, Holland, Keſtewven, and Lindſey as we in
our language call it [ a}.
Holland, which Ingulphus calls Hoilend, is next the
ſea, and like Holland in Germany, is ſo very moiſt
in many places, that the print of one's foot remains
in it, and the ſurface it ſelf ſhakes if ſtampt on, from
whence it may ſeem to have took its name ; unleſs
with Ingulphus one would have Hoiland to be the
right name, and that ic deriv'd it from the Hay made
here* [b].
All this part lyes upon that Eſtuary which Ptole-
Mctaris MY Calls Merars inſtead of Maltrauth, at this day The
Thewaſhes Waſhes. This Eſtuary is very large and famous, co- |
ver'd with water at every flowing of the tide, and
paſſable again at every ebb,tho' not without danger ;
. as King Fohn to his own loſs experienc'd : for whilſt
in the Barons war, he attempted to paſs here, he loſt
_ _Hollard.
NSHIRE.
buile of ſquare ſtone. *Tis very evident from the
banks caſt up againſt the waters, now diftant two
miles from the ſhote, and from the hills near Satter-
ton which they call Sa/t-bills, that the fea came fur. ;...
ther up. Here is great want. of freſh water. in all
places, having no other ſupply but the rain wa-
ter in pits 3, whichit deep, ſoon turn the water brack-
iſh ; it ſhallow, grow preſencly dry. Here are many
quick-ſands;and the Shepherds awe their flocks are ot- q.;4.
ten with great danger made fenſible, that they have 6
a wonderful force in ſucking in any thing that comes
upon them, and retaining it falt.
This Hoiland is divided into two parts, the lower
and the wpper. The lower has in it filthy bogs and un-
paſſable marſhes which the inhabitants themſelves
cannot go over with the help of their ſtiles. And
becauſe its ſituation is very low,it is defended on one
ſide from theOccan, on the other from the waters
that overflow the upper part of the Iſle of Ely , by
huge banks thrown up againſt them. Sonrhybank 15 þy ow
the moſt noted, which the Inhabitants take great ="!
care of, being continually fearful leſt a breach ſhould 4,”
be made in it by that great flood of waters that
fall from the ſouth parts, when the rivers ſwell and
lay all afloat by their inundation. To drain away
theſe waters, the neighbouring inhabitants began in
the year 1599. to dig a new chanel at Clows-crof [c]
Near this bank I ſaw Crowland, which is alſo call'd c:«i
Croyland, a very noted town among the Fenn-people,
which (as Ingulphus Abbot of this place interprers it)
ſhgnifies raw and muddy land: a place (as they write)
haunted in times paſt with I know not what frightful
apparitions, before that Guthlacas a very pious man
led an Hermit's life there. In whoſe memory,and in
all his carriages and furniture near Fof-dyke and Wel-
ftreem, by a ſudden inundation, as Matthew of Welt-
minſter tells us. This part of the County, call'd S:/:,
which the Inhabitants from the great heaps of ſand,
believe to have been forſaken by the ſea, is ſo afſault-
ed on one fide wich the ocean, and on the other with
a mighty flood of waters, which drain from the
higher Country, that all the winter they conſtantly
watch it, andcan hardly with their caſt-up banks
defend themſelves againſt thoſe dangerous enemies.
The ground produceth very little corn, bue much
graſs, and is well flor d with fiſh and ſea-fowl ; bur
|
|
honour of God, Ethelbald King of the Mercians
founded a Monaſtery at great charge in the year 716.
very famous for religion and riches; concerning
which if the Reader pleaſes he may divert himſcit
with thoſe verſes of Felix, a pretty ancient Monk, in
the life of Gutblacks :
Nunc exercet ibi ſe munificentia Reg &,
Et magnum templum magno molimime condit.
At cum tam mollss, tam lubrica, tam male conftans
Fundamenta palm non ferret [axea, palos
Praecipit infig quercino robore c&/05,
che foil is ſo ſoft that they work their horſes unihod , |
and you ſhall not find ſo much as a little ſtone,which
has not been brought from ſome other place: yet |
however the Churches here are beautiful , and well
— — - —O—_ RO —— Ny CY
Leucarumque novem ſþatio rate fertur arena z
Inque ſolum mutatur bums, ſuffultique tals
Cella baſi, multo ſtat conſummata labore.
—
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LINCOLNSHIRE.
452
—
Now here the Prince's bounteous mind was ſhown,
And with vaſt charge a ſtately pile begun.
But when the trembling fenns, the faithleſs moor
Sinking betray'd the ſtony maſs they bore ;
At his command huge poſts of laſting oak
Down the foft earth were for a baſis ſtruck :
Nine leagues thelabouring barges brought the ſand :
Thus rotten turf was turn'd to lolid land ;
And thus the noble frame does ſtill unſhaken ſtand.
of Tf out of the fame Author I ſhould deſcribe the
"yt Devils of Crowland with their blubber lips, fiery mouths,
ſcaly faces, beetle heads , ſharp teeth , long chins ,
hoarſe throats, black skins, hump ſhoulders, big bel-
lys, burning loins, bandy legs , tail'd buttocks , &c.
that formerly haunted theſe places, and very much
troubled Guthlacas and the Monks, you'd laugh perhaps
at the ſtory,and much more at my madneſs in telling
it. Since the ſituation and nature of the place 1s
{trange and different from all others in England, and
the Monaſtery particularly famous in former times,
[ ſhall give you the deſcription of it ſomewhat at
large. This Crowland lyes in the fenns , fo enclos'd
and encompals'd with deep bogs and pools, that there
is no accels to it but on the north and eaſt-ſide, and
theſe by narrow Cauſeys. This Monaſtery, and Ve-
nice (if we may compare things of ſuch different
ſize and proportion) have the ſame ſituation. Ir con-
ſilts of three ſtreets, ſeparated each from the other by
water-courſes, planted with willows, buile on piles
driven into the bottom of the pool ; having commu:
nication by a triangular bridge curiouſly built, under
which the inhabitants ſay there was a very deep pit,
dig'd to receivethe concourſe of waters there. Beyond
w the bridge (where, as one words it, f the bog « become
" frm ground,) ſtood formerly that famous Monaſtery,
of very ſmall compaſs, about which , unleſs on that
ſide where the town ſtands, the ground is ſo rotten
and boggy, that a pole may be thruſt down thirty
loot deep ; there is nothing round about it but reeds,
and next the Church a grove of alders. However,
the town is pretty well inhabited, but che cartel are
kept far from ic, fo that when the owners milk chem,
they go in boats (that will carry but ewo) calld
by chem Sþerrys. Their greateſt gain is from the fiſh
wn and* wild Ducks that they catch;which are ſo many,
that in Auguſt they can drive at once into a ſingle
net 3000 ducks: they call theſe pools their corn fields :
tor there is no corn grows within five miles. For this
liberty of taking of fiſh and fowl they formerly paid
yearly to the Abbot, as they do now to the King,
three hundred pounds iterling,
'Tis not neceſlary to write che private hiſtory of
ſome money , ſome one day's work every month till
| it ſhould be finiſh'd , ſome to build whole pillars,
others pedeſtals, and others certain parts of the walls.
The Abbot afterwards made a ſpeech , commending
their great bounty in contributing to ſo pious a work,
and by way of requital made every one of them a
member of that Monaſtery, and gave them a right
to partake with them in all rhe ſpiritual bleſſings of
that Church. Ar laſt, having entertain'd them with
a plentiful feaſt, he diſmi{s'd chem in great joy. Bur
I will not inſiſt upon theſe things*.
From Crowland between the river WeBand and the
deep marſhes, there is a Cauſey with willows fet on
each ſide, leading to the North ; on which two miles
from Crowland, I ſaw a fragment of a pyramid wich
this Inſcription.
AIO þÞ ANC
PET KA: V
GVThþLACVS
Dd ABCS 5b
BI OETACQ,
This rock I ſay is Guthlack's utmoſt bound.
Up higher on the ſame river is Spalding, a town Sp*<ng.
which on every ſide is enclosd with 75rd and ca-
nals, and indeed neater than can be reaſonably ex-
pected in this County among ſo many lakes. Here
foo Talbog, call'd ſomewhere in Ingulphus Earl of
Anjou, granted to the Monks of A»jou an ancient
Cell. From hence as far as Deeping , which is ten
miles off, Egelrick Abbot of Crowland , afterwards
| Biſhop of Durham, made a firm Cauley for the ſake
of travellers through the midft of a waſt foreſt and deep
marſhes, as Ingulphus ſays, of wood and gravel, which
was call'd from hs name, Elrich road : but at this day
'tis not to be ſeen.
In the upper Hoiland which lyes more to the north,
the firſt place is Kirkron, fo call'd from the Church
which is indeed very fine : afterwards, where the
river Witham , enclosd on both ſides with artificial
banks, runs with a full ſtream into the ſea, ſtands the
flouriſhing town of BoFon, more truly Botolph's rown,
for it took that name, as Bede teſtifies, from _—
a pious Saxon, who had a Monaſtery at Icanboe. "Tis
a famous rown, and built on both ſides the river
Witham, over which there's a very high wooden-
bridge ; it has 'a commodious and well frequented
haven, a great market, a beautiful and large Church,
the tower of which is very high, and does as it were
ſalute travellers at a great diſtance, and dire& ma-
riners. It was miſerably ruin'd in'Edward the firſt's Robbers
reign ; for in that degenerate age, and univerſal cor- nile of
Ron
this Monaſtery, for 'cis extant in m—_ , now
printed; yet I am willing to make a ſhort report of
chat which Peter Bleſenſis,* Vice-chancellour to King
Henry the ſecond, among other things related con-
cerning the firſt building of this Monaſtery in the
year 1112. to the end that by one ſingle precedent we
may learn by what means and ſupplys fo many rich
and ftacely Religious-houles were aide in all parts of
this kingdom, Foffrid the Abbot obtain'd of the
Arch-biſhops and Biſhops of England an Indulgence to |
every one that belped forward ſo religions: a work , for the |
third part of the penance emjoyn'd for the ſins be bad com- |
mitted. With this he ſent out Monks. every where to
pick up money , and having enough, he appointed
YN. Perpetua's and Felicity's day to be that in which
he would lay the foundation, to the end the work
!:om ſome fortunate-name might be auſpiciouſly be- |
gun. Ar which time, the. Nobles and Prelatss with |
the common People met in great numbers. Prayers
being (aid. and Anchems ſung, the Abhot himſelf laid
the firſt corner ſtone on the Eaſt-ſide ; after him eve-
ry noble man according to his degree laid his ſtone ;
lome laid money ; others Writings, by which
they offer'd th:ir Lands, advowſons of Churches,
tenths of Sheep, and other Church-cithes, certain
meaſures of wheat, a certain number of workmen or
maſons ; on the other ſide, the common people as
officious, wich emulation and great devotion offer'd |
—
ruption of manners throughout the kingdom, certain Monks.
warlike men, whilſt a tournament was proclaiming at
Fair-time, came under the diſguiſe of Monks and Ca-
nons, ſer the town on fire in many places, broke in
upon the Merchants with ſadden violence, and carry'd
away many things, but burnt more: infomuch that
our Hiſtorians write (as the ancients did of Corinth
when it was demoliſh'd) that veins of gold and filrer
ran mix'd together in one common current. Their
Ring-leader Robert Chamberlain,after he had confeſſed
the fat , and deteſted the crime, was hang'd; but
could not by any means be broughe to diſcover his ac-
complices. However, Boſton recover'd it ſelf again,
and a ſtaple for wooll, which they call 7/oo/apte, was
here ſettled ; which very much enrich'd it, and drew
hither the Merchants of the Henſe-Company , who
fix'd here their G14. Arithis time *tis a fair-built, and a
trading rich town; for the inhabitants apply them-
ſelves wholly to merchandiſe and grazing. Near this
was the Barony de Croeun or Credon , of which family Regilt.de
was Alanus de Croewn, who founded the Priory of Fre- g,.q,;;
ſton: at laſt Perronilla the heireſs of the family being Burron
twice married, brought no ſmall inheritance, firtt "5
to the Longchamps, which came to the Pedwardins ;
ſecondly to obs V, aulx from whom the Barons of Roſy
are deicended. This Hoiland reaches icarce fix miles
farther, and was entirely given by William the firſt
to Tus Talboxs of Anjou , whoſe infolences were ſuch
IO
W_
—
O_
* Ba azrevy you may [te how by {mall contribution; great works aroſe.
that
—,
————_ omen — at
53
Cl
-—_
—-- 2 D—— — &
— ———— — — — —__—— - _ ——
- a! hog that Her ward Cound NCVET enaure him; 2n Engliſh- |
th- "g -
l.ſhman.
Ingulphas
Crowlan-
den 3s,
Rarons of
Wake.
Keſteven.
Stanford.
|! E ſaxo
Prucil.
Vid Burgi-
ley in Nor-
thaw pron-
ſhire.
Liv. Irq.
in the Ex-
chcquer.
Univerſity
ot Stantord.
man, very ambitiuus, hery, and refolute, the fon of
Leofpirk Lord of Brane or Burne, who ſeeing his own
and his Country's ſafety now at fi2ke, and having a
ſouldier's belt put on him by Bran Aibot of Pcteibo-
rough (that was alſo enrag'd at the INormans) broke
out into open War againſt lim, often conquer'd lum,
and at laſt cook him priſoner, and would not luſter
him to be ranſom'd, unleſs he Limſ-1F might be recei-
ved into the King's favour: fo he liv'd and dy'd in his
_— And indecd his valour, which is a quality |
we honour in our very enemies, delerv'd as much.
His daughter was married to Hugh Enermeve Lord of
Depmg, and enjoy'd his poſſeſhons ; which afcer-
wards, as I have been informed, came to the Barons
de Wake, a family very much enrich'd by the Eſtate
of the Eſtorexulls, very eminent, and men of great in-
rereſt in theſe parts till Edward the ſeconds time;
for then, by an heir female, their inheritance fell by
right of marriage to Edmund of Woodſtock Earl of
Kent, youngeſt ſon to King Edward the firlt. From
the younger ſons, the ancient and famous family of
the Wakes of Bliſworth in Northamptonſhire yet re-
maining, 1s deſcended | d].
The ſecond part of this County, commonly call'd
Keſteven, but by Ethelwerd an ancient author Ceoſt ef-
newood [ e], borders upon Holand on the welt, hap-
in an air much more wholſome, and a foil no
Jeſs fruitful. This diviſion is larger than the other,
and is every where adoin'd with more towns. On
the borders by the civer Welland, ſtand Stanford, in
Saxon Steanpond, þ buile of free-{tone, from which it
has it's name. Ir is a town of good reſort, endow'd
wich divers privileges, and walld about; paying
Geld ( as Domeſday-book has it ) for twelve Hundreds
and a half to the army, and towards the navy, and
Danegeld ; and had in it ſix Wards. When-King Ed-
ward the Elder fortified the ſouthern banks of the
river to hinder the Daniſh inroads from the north ;
TORI INT
— ——
——— WI I I_—— C C __ —w_— —— — — —— <—— - - — —
#
—_—— — — —— — — - - — — - —— w—_a
quity, and the Roman Highway out of this town in-
to the north, clearly ſhews that there was formerly
a Ferry here, yet they do not prove that this was
that Gauſewne which Amoninus places at fome ſmall x,
ciltance from hence. Bur ſince the lictle village Ga,
Brigcaſterton (which by its very name appears to be
ancient ) is ſituated but a mile off, where the river:....
Gwaſh or Waſh croiſes the highway ; the nearneſs of *:4
the name Gwaſh to Gauſenne, and the diſtance being
not inconſiſtent, makes me apt to believe, till time
ſhall bring the truth to light, that Gauſenne is at pre.
ſent call'd Brigcafterton. If I ſhould think Sranfird
ſprang from the ruins of this town, and that this
part of the County is calld Keſteven from Gauſenne,
as the other part is nam'd Lind/ey from the city Lin-
dum, ] would have the reader take it as a bare opi-
nion, and paſs what judgment he thinks fit. 'Tis the
current belief, that this Gauſerne was demoliſh'd, as
Henry Archdeacon of Huntingdon relates, when the
Picts ahd Scots ravagd this whole County as far as
Stanford ; where our Hengiſt and his Saxons, with great
pains and gallantry, ſtopt their progreſs, and torc'd
them to fly in great diforder, leaving many dead,
and far more priſoners behind them [1]. But to
proceed.
In the eaſt part of Ke-fewven, which lies towards
Hoiland as we travel northwards, there ſucceeds in ne;
order firſt Deping, that is, as Ingulphus ſays, a deep
meadow, where Richard de Rulos Chamberlain to IWilli- y,...,
am the Conquerour, by throwing up of a great bank, ex- ts.
cluded the river Wailand, which us d often to overflow ;
built on the ſaid bank many houſes, which in all made «
large willage. This Deping or deep meadow is indeed
very properly ſo call'd ; for the plain which lies be-
neath ir, of many miles in compaſs, is the deepeſt in
all this marſhy Country, and the rendezvous of ma-
ny waters; and what is very ſtrange, the chanel of
the river v/en, which is pent in by its banks, and
runs from the weſt, lyes much higher than this
he built alſo on the fouth bank over againſt it a | plain{ m }. Next, Burn, remarkable for the Inaugura-
very ſtrong caſtle, call'd now Stanford Baron, as Ma |, tion of King Edmund, and a caſtle of the Wakes, who z,..
rianus has ic. But at this day ?tis. not to be ſeen; got a grant of King Edw. 1. for this to be a market
for the common report is, and the foundation-plot it | town [n |. More to the eaft ſtands Irnham, hereto-
ſelf ſtill witneſſes, that that caſtle which Stephen for. | fore the Barony of 5 Andrew Lutterell, And then Sem-
tied in the Civil war againſt Henry of Anjou, ſtood
in the very town. Soon aſter, when this Henry was
King of England, he gave the whole village of Stanford,
being bu Demeſne, excepting the fees of the Barons and
Knights of the ſaid willage, to Richard de Humez, or Hu-
metz, who was Conſtable to our Lord the King, to bold of
bim by homage and other ſervice. And afterwards, the
ſame was beld by William Earl of Warren by the favour of
King Fobn | f 1. In Edw. 3.5 reign, an Univerſity
for liberal Arts and Sciences was begun here, which
the inhabitants look upon as their greateſt glory : for
when the hot conteſts at Oxford broke out between
the Students of the north and ſouth, a great number
of them withdrew and ſettled here. However, a
little atter, they return'd to Oxford 3, and thus foon
put an end to this new Univerſity they had fo lately
began ; and from thence forward it was provided
by an oath, that no Oxford-man ſhould profeſs at
Stanford [g]. Notwithſtanding, trade it felf ſup- |
ported the town, till in the heat of the Civil war be-
ewixt the houſes of Lancaſter and York, it was took
by the Northern Soldiers, who utterly deſtroy'd it
with fire and ſword. Since that it could never per-
fe&tly recover and come up to its former glory, tho!
'tis pretty well at this time. Ir is govern'd by an Al-
derman and 24 Burgeſles [ h], contains about 7 Pa-
riſh-Churches, and a very fair old Hoſpital founded
by William Brown a citizen, beſides a new one on
this ſide the bridge lately built by that Neſtor of Bri-
tain + William Cecil Baron of Burghicy after he had fi-
niſh'd that ſtately houſe at Burghley, of which I have
already ſpoke in Northamptonthire. He lyes buried
here in a ſplendid tomb in St. George's Pariſh-
Church: [i] a man, to fay no more of him, that
lived long enough to nature, and long enough to
glory, but not long enough to his country [ k |.
Tho' there are in this place ſome remains of anti-
|
pringham, now famous tor a very fine houſe built by 1,-::
Edward Baron Clixton, afterwards Earl of Lincoln; but x;
heretofore for the holy order of the Gulbertines, infti- *
euted by one Gilbert Lord of the place. For he, as #55
they write, being a man wery much admired, and of ©
ſemgular reputation for educating women, by the authort-
ty of Eugenius the 3d. Pope of Rome, in the year
of our Lord 1148, (akho' contrary to the conſti-
tuticns of Juſtinian, who forbad all double Monaſte-
ries, that is, of men and women promiſcuouſly) intro-
duced an order ot men and women, which encreaſed
co that degree, that he himſelf founded 14 Convents
out of it, and liv'd to ſee in them 700 Gilbertine Fry-
ers and 1100 Siſters: but their modeſty was not to
be bragg'd of, if we may believe Nigellus a Satyriſt of
that age, who thus upbraids them
Harum ſunt quedam ſteriles, quedam parientes,
I"irgimeoque tamen nome cuntta tegunt.
Que paſtoralus baculi dotatur bonore,
Illa quidem melizs, fertiliuſque parit.
Vix etiam queuE ſterils reperitur mm 1illis,
Donec ew tas talia poſſe neget.
Some are good breeders here, and others fail,
Bue all is hid beneath the ſacred veil.
She that with paſtoral ſtaff commands the reſt,
As with more zeal, ſo with more fruit is bleſt.
Nor any one the courteſie denies,
Till age ſteals on,. and robs them of their joys.
Next is Folkirg ham, a Barony likewiſe cf the C/m
tons, but once ot the Ganmnts deſcended from Gu/bert de Loved
Gandavo or Gaznt, || grandicn to Baldwin Earl of Flan-,,.
ders, on whom Wiiliam the Conquerour very libe-|
rally beſtow'd great poſſeſſions ; tor thus an old Mz
lbice has it, Memorandum, That there came im with
William the Conquerour one Gilbert de Gaunt, to whim
the ſaid William (having di/poſſeſt & woman nam d Dun
__ — _
— — > OS - — ——
—_ — — J—
3 Upen the King's Preclamation.
4+ £ir William,
—Y
5 Sir Andrew, mack)
146.00 iſſue male he petirion'd K. Ed-2. fortiberty'* To
., Make over his Manours and Arms to whoſoever
ir, ſeems, artificial hill, ſtands Belvoir or Beauvoir-Caſtle, ſo
LINCOLNSHIRE
466
—— —_ — —
mock) granted the Manour of Folkingham, with the
appurtenances thereto belonging, and the honour annex'd 10
it. The ſaid Gilbert bad Walter de Gaunt bis ſon and heir,
who had Gilbert de Gaunt his [on and beir, and Robert de
Gaunt his younger ſon; and the ſaid Gilbert the ſon and
—_—
| lant proſpe& ; which, with the little Monaſtery ad-
joyning, was built, as 'tis given out, by Todenerus a
Norman ; from whom, by the Albenies Britans
and by 'the Rocs's Barons, it came to be the inheri-
tance of the Mancurs, Earls of Rutland ; by the firlt
beir had Alice bis daughter and beireſs, who was married to | of whom, nam'd Thomas, it was, as I have heard,
Earl Stmon, and gave many tenements to Religious men, bur rebuilt, after ir had laid in ruins many years. For
dyed without 1/ue by ber. The Inheritance then deſcended | William Lord Ha ings, in ſpight to Thomas Lord
to the aforeſaid Robert de Gaunt her wncle, who bad Gil- | Roos who ſided with Henry 6. almoſt demoliſl'd
bers his ſon and heir, who had another Gilbert bis ſon and
heir, who bad alſo another Gilbert his ſon and heir, by
whom the Manour of Folking bam, with its appurtenances,
was given ro Edward the ſon of Henry King of Enyland.
-4.;. This Gilbert, as it is in the Plea-rolls, out of which
* this Genealogy is prov'd, /u'd for ſervice again#t Will-
am de Scremby. At laſt the King gave it to Henry
de Bellomonte ; for nothing is more clear than that he
enjoy'd it in Edward the ſecond's reign. Near this
wug- iS Skrekinghesm, remarkable for the death of Alfric the
ſecond Earl of Leiceſter, kill'd by Hubba the Dane.
Which place, *tis very probable, Ingulphus ſpeaks
of, when he writes, I» Kefeven three Damſh petty |
Kings were ſlain, and they interr d them in a certam wil-
lage heretofore cal 4 Laundon, but now Tre-king-bamn, b
realon of the burial of the three Kings. More to the &
is Hather, famous for nothing but the name of the
Buſſeys or Buſleys, who live here, and derive them-
ſeives from Roger de Buſley cotemporary with the
Conquerour. And then Sleford a caſtle of the Biſhops
of Lincoln, ere&ted by Alexander the Biſhop ; where
alſo 7 Foby Huy, the firſt and laft Baron of that
name *, buile hirafelf a houſe, bur loſt his head for
raſhly engaging in the common mſurre&ion in the
year 1537, when the feuds and difference about Re. |
bgion firft broke out in England; X few miles from!
hence ſtands Kime, from whence noble family call'd
de Kime had their name ; but the Uniranoils, three of
whom were ſummon'd to fit in the houſe of Lords
* by the name of Earls of Angas int Scodand; became
at laſt poſſeſlors of it. The ſages -of the Common
Law would not allow the firſt of theſe ( forafmuch
35 Angus was not within the bourids 6f the Kingdom
of England ) to' be an Earl, before me produc'd ini
opery Court, the King's Writ by which he was'ſtirh-
mon'd to Parliament under the title of Earl of 4n-
gw. From the Umpavils this'tame to the Tafþos,
one of which family, nam'd Gilbert, was by Athty
the eighth created Baron of Talbois, whoſe rwo ſons
died without ifluo ; fo that the inheritance went'by |
females to the family of the Dimnpcks, yg lebies, arid
others. More to the weſt ſtands Temple Bruer, that
's, as I rake it, Temple in the Heath: it ſeems to have
been a Preceptory of the Templars, for there are to
be ſeen the ruinous walls of a demotiſh'd Church,
not unlike thoſe of the New Temple in'London. 'Near
s it is Blankeney, once che Barony of 'the Deincourts,
© Who flouriſh'd in a continu'd ſucceflion; from the co-
ming in of the Normans to the' tinies of Henry 6.
lor then their heir male fail'd in one' William, whoſe |
two ſiſters and heirs were marred, the one to 9 Wil- |
liam Lovel, the other to Ralph' Cromwel. T have
the more readily taken notice” of this family; be-
cauſe I would willingly anſwer the” requeft of Ed-
mund Baron Deincourt, who was'lofng- imce 1o very
deſirous to preſerve the memory of his name: havirg
he pleas'd ; for he imagin'd that both his name and
s would go to the grave with him; and was very
follicitous they ſhould ſurvive and be” remembred.”
Accordingly, the King complied,. and he had Lecters
Patents for that end. Yet this ſirname, ſo far as my
knowledge goes, is now quite extint, and would:
have been drown'd in oblivion, if books and learn-
ng had not ſav'd it. |
In the weſt part of Kefeven, where” this County
on Leiceſterſhire, on a very ſteep, and, as it
It, and upon the attainder of Baron Revs, had it
granted him by Edward 4. with very large poſſefſi-
ons. But Edmund Baron Roos, the ſon of Thomas,
by the bounty of Henry 7. regain'd this his anceſtors
nheriranceſ o]. About this caltie are found the ſtones
call d Afroves, which reſemble little ſtars link'd one Ancoires
with another, having tive rays in every corner,
and in the middie of every ray a hollow. This {tone
among the Germans had its name from Y:&ory; for
they think, as Georgius Agricola writes in his tixth
book of Mitierals, That whoſoever carries this ſtone
about hitn, ſhall be ſuc-chtul againſt his enemies,
But I have nor yet had an opportunity ro make the
experiment, whether this ſtone of ours, when put in
Yinegar, will move cut cf ics place and whirl round,
like that in Germany. The Vale beneath this ca-
| file, commonly call'd from ic, The Vale of Belver, is The Vile
| pretty large and exceeding pleaſant, by reaſon of the 9! B-iver:
' corn-fields and paſtures there. Ic lies part in Nor-
' tingharaſhire, pare in Leiceſterſhire, and part in
Lincolnſhire.
If not in this very place, yet for certain very near Margidu-
i, + ſtood formerly that Margidunum which Anto- ***
ninus makes mehtion of ncxt to Vernometum ; and
this may ſufficiently be prov'd, both by ics name and
diſtance fi6ni Vernomerum, and the Town Ad Poutem,
otherwiſe Pawnton, for Antoninus places ic beeween
chem. Ir ſtems to have taken this ancienc riame
from Marga, and' the ſituation of it. For Marg 3
among the Bricains is a ſort of earth with which they
Tamre their grounds; and Duzum, which fignities a
hill, is aptticie ouily to high places. Burt I do for all
that _ mich queſtion this etymology, ſeeing there
oo ittle Marle in this, place (the not. ſearching
for it beilig perhaps che reaſon;) except the Bricains by
the natne ot Mar; 4 underſtand | Plaiſter-ſftone, which þ G,,,,
is, as I ai inifothyd, dug up not far from hence, and =
way (as Pliny declares in his natural hiſtory) in greac
4-8 among, the Romans, who uſed it in their
Pl aifterings and * Cielings.
--Thro' this part of che Shire, runs Witham, a little Riv. wi
river, bur very fall of Pikes; and che northern parts
are bonnded by it; Irs ſpring head is at a lictle town
of the ſame name; not far from the ruins of Bitham- Bicham.
Caſtk, which, as we findin an old pedigree, was
by William the firſt given to Stephen Earl of 4/-
bemarle” arid - Holdernefs, to Enable him to feed his
fon, as yet a little infant, wich fine white bread, (for
at that time” nought was eaten in Holdernefs bur
oar-bread,) attho” tis now very little uſed there. - This
caftle nevertheleb6 in the reign of Edward 3. was
(when Williany, de Fortibus Earl of Albemarle, like Ma. par.
a rebel, fortify'd ir, and plunder'd the whole neigh-
botrhood )* laid, almoſt level with the ground. Af-
terwards this became” the ſeat, and as it were, the
head'of the Barotiy of the- Colvils, who lived for a Clill
long time in-very great honour, but faikd in Ed. 3.'s
titie ; fo that the Gernons and thoſe Baſſers of Sapeor,
had chis inheritance in right of their wives. ;
A little way from the head of the river Witham
ſtands Pawnton, that boaſterh very much of its anti- Paunton,
quity ; chequer'd pavements of che Remans are very
often dug up in it, and chere was here formerly a
bridge over the, river. For both. the name Paunton,
and its diſtance not only from Margidunum, but allo
from Croco-calana, do evince that this is that Ad pontern Porte:
which Antoninus places 7 miles from Marg:idunum.
For Antoninus calls that crown Croco-calana Which we
name Ancaſter, being at this time only onedired ftreec
- - * *F .
clld, whatever the name was formerly, from its plea.
ts. a
along the military way ; one part of which-not long
— ——— —— — — — —— — —
pp—__—_—__ 4 +-
7 See the Additions to Rutlandjbire, under the title Marker-Overton ; where, 'tis more conveniently pla'd.
7 Sir Tolm. ©# Created by King Hewy 8.
* Sir Hewvy.
s Sir William
G g
OO ODD mt Ge HIER SO _ — —— — - -
CORITANI.
ſince belong'd to the Veſcies, the other to the Crom-
wells. In the entrance on the South , I ſaw a trench,
and 'tis very evident 'twas a caſtle formerly;as alfoon
'the other ſide towards the Welt, are to be ſeen cer-
Grantham,
A golden,
Heolmcr.
Somerton.
Lib. Pund-
n cls,
Lords of
Bullomonr.
Forſeedik E.-
Hovcdcon,
Torkeley,
Nomeſday-
book.
Lu.dum.
Lincvln.
tain ſummer camps cf the Romans. Ir ſeems to
have had that Britiſh name from its fituation , for it
lies under a hill, and we read in Giral/dus Cambrenſir,
and in Ninnius , that among the Britains Cruc maur
ſign:fy'd a great bill, and Cruc-occhidient , a mount m
the weſt ; but I leave others to find out the meaning
of the word Colana. The antiquity of this town ap-
pears by Roman coins, by the Vaults that are often
diſcoverd, by its ſituation on the high-way, and by
the fourteen miles diſtance between this and Lincoln
(the road lying through a green plain,call d Ancaſter-
heath) for juſt ſo many Antoninus makes it to be be-
tween Croco-calana and Lindum. But let us follow the
river | p].
Next to Pawnton [q] is to be ſeen Grantham,a town
of no ſma'l] reſort ; adorn'd with a School, built by
Richard Fox Biſhop of Wincheſter , and with a fair
Church having a very high ſpire ſteeple, remarkable
for the many ſtories that are told of it. Beneath this
town near the little villags Herlaxton, in the laſt age,
was a brazen veſlel plowd up, in which they found
an old faſhion'd go!d helmet, ſtudded with jewels,
which was preſented to Katharine of Spain, Queen
Dowaper to Henry the eighth. From hence Witham,
( alter a long courſe northwards) runs near Somerton-
caltle, built by Anthony Bec Bp. of Durham, by whom
'twas given to Edward the fir{t; bur a little after to
'® Wiltiam de Belloment, who about that time came into
England : of him is deſcended the family of the
Viſcounts de Bellomonte, which in the laſt age was al-
molt extin, the ſiſter and heireſs of the laſt Viſ-
count being married to John Lord Lovel de Tichmerſb;
but ws have ſpoken already of this family in Leice;
{terſhire. From hence the river winds towards the
Seuth eaſt, through a fenny country, and diſcharges
it ſelf into the German: ſea, a little below Bo#ton, af-
ter it has bounded Keſteven on the North, Altho'
this river falls from a ſteep deſcent and large chanel
into the ſea, yer by the great floods in the winter, it
overflows the fenns on each ſide, with no ſmall loſs to
the Country ; however, theſe waters are drain'd in
the ſpring by the ſluces, call'd by them Gorez. |
On the other ſide'of Witham, 'Tyes the third part
of this County, call'd Lindſey, by Bede Lindiſf, from
the chief city of this ſhire : 'tis bigger than Hoiland or
Kefleven, jettipg out into the ocean with a large
front, which has the ſea continually plying upon its
Eaſt and North ſhores; on the Weſt lyes the river
Trent, on the South *tis parted Tort! eorns by the
IWithim,and the Fofi-dike (ſeven miles in length)cut by
Henry the tirſt between the Witham ahd che Trent,
for the conveniency of carriage from... Lincoln. At
the entrance of this Dike into the Trent, ſtands
Terkſey, in Saxon Tupceris, now a little mean town,
bur heretofore very noted ; for there. were in it be-
fore the Norman times (as 'tis in Domeſday-book )
ewo handred Burgeſes, who enjoy'd many privileges,
on condition thar they ſhould carry the King's Am,
baſſadors as often as they came that way, down the
river Trent in their own barges, and conduct them
as far as York [r]. Ar'the joyning of this Dike to
Witham
call'd by Ptolemy and *Antoninus Lindum , by the
Britains Lindeoit, from the woods, ( inſtead whereof
cis in ſome places falſly written 'Lzitcozr,) Bede calls
it Lindecollimims, and the City Lindecollina, but whether
it b&from its ſituation on a hill, or becauſe *twas for.
merl5-a'Colony, F will not undertake to determine;.
the Saxons call it Lin>o0-collyne, Lin>-cyllancearten,
the Normans Nichol, we Lincoln, the Latins Lincolnzg.
"rom whenc? Alexander Necham in his Treatiſe Je
Diving Saptentia : |
Lirdiſie, columes Lincdltia, ſive columna,
Maunifica felis gente,” repleta bong. © _
Her pillar thee, great Lincoln, Lindſey owns, jo
"Famd for thy ſtore of goods, and bounteous ſon. '
£
— D— > OO OO — —
], ſtands rhe Metropolis &f this County
— — = — ——
_——— —ff - - —_— 7”, OO ROSS OS
Ocners believe it had its name trom the river #7
tham, which, ſay they,was formerly call'd Lind ; bur
they have no authority, ſo this is a bare conjecture,
For my part I cannct agree with them ; tor Necham
himſelt, who wrote tour hundred years ago, con-
tradidts them, and cails this river, ##uham, in thelz
verſes ;
Trenta tibi piſces mittit, Lincoinia, [.d te
Nec dedigners, Withama paruus adit.
Trent, Lincoln, (ends the fiſh that load thy halls,
And little Witham creeps along thy walls,
And waits on thee himſelf : ah! benot proud,
Nor ſcorn the vitic of che humble flood.
I ſhould rather derive it from the Britiſh word [;,
which with them ſignities a Lake ; for I have been
inform'd by the citizens, that I/itham was wider tor-
merly at Swanpole below the city , altho' 'tis at this
day very broad. I need take no notice of Lindaw
in Germany (ſtanding by the Lake Acroniws) to con-
firm it, nor of Linternum in Italy, ſituated upon a
Lake ; ſince Tal-bin,Glan-lbin, Linlithquoaie towns in
our Country of Britain ſtanding upon Lakes. The city
it ſelf is very large, and-much relorted to, being built
on the ſide of a noted hill ; where the Witham winds
about towards the Eaſt, and being divided into three
chanels, watereth the lower part of it. That the
ancient Lindum of the Britains, ſtood on the very top
of the hill, of a very difficult aſcent,and lay much far-
ther extended. in length Northward , than the gate
Newport ; is evident by the plain ſigns of a rampire,
and deep ditches ftill viſible. Yortimer that warlike
Britain, who had very often routed the Saxons, died
in this City, and was here interr'd, altho* he kf
commands to the contrary ; tor he (as 'tis related by
Ninnius,Eluodugus's diſciple )hop'd,and was ful:y per-
ſwaded that his Ghoſt would defend Britain from the
Saxons, if he ſhould be buried on the Sea-ſhore. But
yet the Saxons, after. they had: demoliſh'd this old
Lindum, fir{t inhabited the South-ſfide of the hill ",
and fortified it: with the ruins of 'the formec. town;
afterwards they .went down -near' the river , built
in a place call'd: Wickarforde, and wall'd,it on that ſide
where 1c was not guarded by the water. At which time
in the Province of Lindſey, and tirſt of all converted
the Governour of the city .Lindco/nia, whole name
was Blecca (with his whole family), He buile in this
city a curious Church of ſtone, the roof whereot is
either fall'n down for want of repairing,or beat down
by force of fome enemy ; for the walls are. yet to
be ſeen ſtanding”. Afterwards, the Danes won it
twice by aſſaule.; firſt when thoſe pillaging croops
rook/it, from whom Edmund Ironſide wrelted it by
force ; ſ:condly- when Canutws, took it, from whom
'twas retaken by.e£:heldred, who, on his regurn our
of Normandy, . yaliantly drove Canutus out of this
town, and beyond allexpetation recover'd England,
which was very ;nigh loſt. In Edward the Conteſlors
reign there was init, as 'tis fer, down in Domelday-
book, one thouſand and ſeventy Inns for emterjainment,
and twelve Lagemen'baving their Sac and Soc. * 1 was
indeed in the Norman. times, as Malmsbucy relates,
ons of the moſt :populous cities of.England, .and 4
mart for all goods coming by land and watex ”; for at
| that time there. were / taxed in it, as 'tis in. the- laid
Domeſday-book; © Nine hundred Burgeſſes;and many
dwelling houſes, to:the number .of, one hundred {xy
and fix, were deſtroy'd for the caſtle, with 74 more
without the limits of che caſtle, not by the oppreti:on
of the Sheriff and his Miniſters, bug by misforwne,
poverty,and fire ?. _ William the 6rit,co {trengehen
and to keep the Carizens in awg,, built a. very large
and ſtrong caltle on the ridge of the bill ,, and.about
_ the ame time _Remgivs Bilhop of Dorcheſter,to grac®
It, transferr'd. hicher from Dorcheſter, a little rown
in the fartheſt part of his Dioceſe, his Biſkop's Ste.
And when the Church eicacd by Paulinus, was utterly
decay'd, © The aforeſaid R:wigizs bought in the very
higheſt part of the city ſeveral houſes, withthe ground
i Sir William. A: the foot whereof they built (as it ſcemgtþ) the gore yet ſtanding, compiled of vaſt [on;
—
— -
ES ——
+” —— —— —
4
© Poulinus,as Bede affirms, preach'd the word of God 3.4.
LINCOLNSHIRE.
therero belonging, near the caſtle that overtops all,
(as Henry of Huntingdon notes ) with its mighty
towers, and built in a ſtrong place a ſtrong and tine
Church, dedicated to theVirgin Mary,and endow'd
York was very angry, for he claim'd for himſelf the
property of the ground ”. This Church being disfi-
gur'd by fire, was afterwards repair'd, as the {aid Hen-
ry mentions, with very great art by Alexander that
bountiful Biſhop of Lincoln ; of whom the aforeſaid
William of Malmsbury ſpeaks thus ; Seeing he was
lookt upon as a prodigy, by realon of his ſmall bo-
dy ; his mind ſtrove to excel and be the more famous | the
ic with 44 Prebends; at which the Arch-biſhop of
fieged, and that in vain, by King Stephen, who was
there overthrown, and taken priſoner; and once ta-
ken by Henry the third, defended then againſt him
by his rebellious Barons , who had call'd in Lewis of
France, to take upon him the Government of Eng-
land ; however, he did not do it much damage.
Since that, tis incredible how much it hath ſunk
and decay'd, under the weight of time and anti-
quity ; for of fifry Churches that were remembred
in it by our grandfathers, there are ſcarce now eigh-
teen remaining [t]. *Tis diſtant ( that I may alſo
make that remark ) F F degrees and 12 minutes from
Equator, and 22 degrees and 52 minutes from
in the world” : and among other things a Poet of; the fartheſt point Weſtward.
that age wrote thus ;
| Oui dare feltinans grats, ne danda rogentur,
| Quod nondum dederat, nondum ſe credit habere.
| Still with frank gitts preventing each requeſt,
| W hat is not yet beſtow'd he thinks not yer poſleſt.
And not only theſe two, but Robert Bloet , who
was predeceſlor to Alexander, and R. de Beaumes,
Hugo Burgundus , and their ſucceſſors contributed to
advance this work (which was too much for one Bi-
ſhop) to its preſent ſtate and grandeur. The whole
pile is not only very coſtly, but indeed very beauti-
tul, and excellent for its workmanſhip; eſpecially that
porch on the Welt-fide, which attracts and delights
every beholders eye. Altho' there be many tombs
of Biſhops and others in this Church, yet the only
ones worth our notice, are, that of braſs in which the
entrails of the moſt excellent Queen Eleanor, wife to
Edward the firſt **, are interr'd, and that of '* Nicho-
las de Cantelupo , with one or two belonging to the
family of Burgherſh, alſo that of Katharine Swin-
ford chird wite ro John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaſter,
and mother of the Somerſer-family, with whom lyes
buried her daughter Foan, ſecond wife to Ralph
Nevill the firſt Earl of Weſtmorland, who had
many children by her.
The Diocele of the Biſhops of Lincoln being of
a far greater extent than that of the Biſhops of Sidna-
celter (who in the primitive Saxon Church preſided
in this County, ) contain'd under it fo many Coun-
ties, that ics greatneſs was a burden to it ; and altho'
Henry the ſecond took out of it the Dioceſe of Ely,
and Henry the eighth thoſe of Peterborough and
Oxtoid , yer 'tis {Hill counted the largeſt Biſhoprick
As that Roman high-way leads us dire&ly from High-dike.
Stanford to Lincoln,ſo from hence it goes Northward
__— and NO yet here and there diſconti-
nued Cauſey for about 1 o miles,as far asa little village
call'd The Spitrle in the freet, and ſomewhat farther.
When I was about three miles from Lincoln, I alſo
obſery'd another military high-way , calld OuldFreer,
going very plainly out of this towards the Weſt ; I
uppoſe *ris that which led to Agelocum the next
garriſon to Lindum. But I will follow the road I am
upon.
The Witham being now paſt Lindum runs down Barons of
near Wraghye, a part of the Barony call'd Truſ-
butt, which title was by the Barons of Roos
convey'd to the Manours now Earls of Rutland.
Affer , it paſles by the old ruin'd walls of Beap-
bena, or Peartanew, commonly call'd Bardney, here- Bardacy.
tofore a famous Monaſtery ; King Oſwald was ofwale's
interr'd, and had a banner of gold and le over $92cr-
his tomb, as Bede writes The Hiſtorians of the
foregoing ages, did not account it enough to extol
this moſt Chriſtian Hero Oſwald, unlefs to his glo-
rious exploits they added ridiculous miracles , which
I willingly omit. Bue that his hand remain'd here
uncorrupted for many hundred years, our anceſtors
m believ'd, and a very ancient Poet has thus
told us ;
Nulls werme perit, nulla putredine tabet
Dextrs viri, nullo conftrings frigore, nulls
Diſſolwi feryore poteft, ſed ſemper eodem
Immutata ſtatu perſiſtit , mortua wivit.
Secure from worm and rottennels appears
The wondrous hand; nor cold nor heat it fears,
Nor e're difſolv'd with cold or parch'd with heat,
in England , both for juriſdiftion and number of
ſhires, and contains no leſs than 1247 Pariſh-Chur-
ches. Many excellent Biſhops have govern'd this
&e, ſince Remigius ; but to be particular in reckon-
ing them is beyond my deſign. And therefore
make no mention of Robert Bleexr, on whom King
William Rutus fer an amercement of 50000 pounds,
alledging that the Biſhop's cicle to the city of Lin-
«&, coln was defective ; nor, of that bountiful Alexan-
der, who was ever extravagantly fond of prodigious
buildings; nor yet of Hugo Burgundus, who being
canoniz'd, had bs corps carry d to the grave, as my
Author ſays, on the ſhoulders of King John and bu
Nebles, out of reſpett and duty to God, and the ſamted
Frelate. I muſt nor however omic mentioning two
** perſons, the one Robert Groſteſt a better Scholar and
\ Linguilt than could be expected from the age he liv'd
"IN; an awe to the Pope, @a Monitor to the King ,, a
"mou Lover of Truth, a Correor of Prelates, a Director of
= Priefts, an Inſtructor of the Clergy, & Mamtainer of Scho-
lars, a Preacher to the Peojle , and @ diligent Searcher of
Scrigture, a Mallet to the Romanitts, &c. The other 1s
the moſt reverend Father Thomas Cooper, very deler-
ving both from the Common-wealth of Learning,
and from the Church, whom I am bound always
to honour, for that he was the Maſter, in whoſe | fe
School I mwſt graetfully own I had my edu-
cation. The city it ſelf alſo flouriſhd for a long
E:>+ time, being made by Edward the third a Staple, as
they call it, that is, a Mart for Wooll, Leather, Lead,
Oc. Tho! it cannot have reaſon to complain of great
Lives after death , and keeps it's former (tate.
This Monaſtery, as Petrus Bleſenſis writes, being Appendix
ſometime burnt down by the fury of the Danes, and for =
many years together not inhabited , Gilbert de Gaunt the
noble and devout Earl of Lincoln rebuilt it, and wery boun-
tifully annex'd to it the tithes of all bus manours whereſoever
in England,beſides many other poſſeſſions. Afterwards Wi-
tham 15 encreas'd by the little giver Ban, which riſing
in the middle of Lindſey, runs firſt by Hornecaſtle, Horn-caltle
ſometime belonging to Adeliza de Conde, bur laid
even with the ground in King Stephen's reign : after
that it was a Barony of Gerard de Rodes,but now,as I
have been inform'd, of the Biſhops of Carliſle | u ].
And then by Scrive/by a manour of the Dimocks, who Dimock.
had this by deſcent from the Marmions by '+ J. Lud- 19423 E3-
low, and holdit by ſervice of grand Serjeanty (I ipeak in ee kb
the Lawyers terms ) wiz. that whenſoever any King of Finer Mic.”
England u to be crown'd, the Lord of thus manour for the An. 1 Hs.
time being, or ſome in bu name if he ſhould be unable, ſhall
come well arm'd for war, upon a good war-borſe, in the
preſence of our Lord the King, on the day of bus Corona-
tion, and ſhall cauſe it to be proclaimed, Thats if any one
ſhall ſay that our ſaid Lord the King bas not a right to bus
Crown and Kingdom, he will be ready and prepar d to de-
alſo irs caſtle , |
misfortunes, yet ic has been once burnt, once be-| into the Witham. 1s related, that Exdo and Pinſo,
end with his body, the right of the King and King dors,
and the dignity of bis Crown, again#t him and all others
what/oever. The Ban, a little lower at Tatteſhall (a tarchall.
ſmall cown pretty commodioully fituatedin a marſhy
Country, built tor the moſt part of brick , as is
and noted for it's Barons) runs
1; Sir Niczolas.
': bo dy'd at Haicy in the Shire,
\
14 Sir John.
6 g 2 Norman
#
——_ —_———
CORI
th
TS ANIL
— — ———— ———_ Y_ ——— —————
Norman Noblemen, having entred into a kind of |
mucual brotherly alliance, had by the bounty of Wil-
liam 1. many poſſefiions given them i: thele parts ;
which they fo divided, that Taiieſha:/ i2il to Endo,
who held it by Barony ; from whole polterity it ca
by Doll and the Berwakes to '5 Ralph de Cromwell,
whole ſon, of the ſame name, was Lord Treafkurer
of England in Henry 6.'s reign, and dysd without
iſſue. And Eresby, which is not far off, tcil ro Pinſo ;
from whole children the inbericance came by the
Cromwell
Eresby.
Willough-
bies.
Lords
Welles.
L wds En-
Yank
tances by their wives, not only from the Uffords Earls
of Suffolk, but alſo from the Lords de Welles, who
an ancient noble family, and of great power in this
County, from the firlt coming in of che Normans.
The moſt eminent man of thoſe Willowghbies, was
'6 Robert Willoughby in Henry 5.'s reign, who for his
great courage and bravery, was made Earl of Van-
doſme in France. From theſe, by the mothers fide,
deſcended Peregrine Berty, Baron Willowg bby of Eresby,
a man famous * his great foul and-warlike gallant-
ry [x ]. Witham being now near the ſea, receives out of
the north another namelek little river ; at the ſpring-
head of which, in a very low ground | y }, lies Bot
lingbroke-Caſtle, built by William de Rowara Earl of
Leiceſter, of a brittle ſandy ſtone; taken from Alice
Lacy by Edward 2. for that the married again(t his
conlent : tis famous for the biccth of Henry 4. who
from it had the name of Henry de Bolling broke, in
whoſe time it began to. be counted one of the
honorary manours, call'd Honers [Z). The Witham
havi
have faid) diſcharges it felf into the ſea.
From the mouth of Witham, as far as Hwmber-
fricth, che ſhore lies out with a great bent into the
German Ocean,chop'd every where fo as to admit lic
tle arms af the ſea It has but tew towns, by reaſon
there are but few havens in it, and many ſhelves of
Lib. Stan-
low.
_ Billings
broke.
ſand along the ſhore. Yet lome ot them are remark- |
of Magdalen Coliege in Oxtord, and a great patron |
Wainficet. able, particularly ainfleet. as being the birth-place
of William Wainfleer Biſhop of Wincheſter, founder
Alford.
Birons
Welles.
of learning. Next is Alford, memorable for its market,
for which it is beholden to Leon Lord Welles, who ob- |
tain'd it this privilege of Henry 6. This family of
the Welles was indeed very ancient and very honour-
able, but the laſt of them married King Edward 4.'s
daughter, and was made Vitcount #elles by Henry 7.
He died without iſſue, fo that the inheritance came
by females to the 1/1loug bbies, Dimocs, De la launds, How,
8c. '7 Then Louth, a little market-town of good
reſort, taking irs name from Lud a little river that
runs by Cockerington, heretofore the head of the Ba-
rony de Scoteney. And laſtly Grimsby, which our
Sabines, lovers of their own conceits, will have fo
call'd, trom one Grime a Merchant , who brought
G:imsby-
Eulogium,
me |
Bekes to the Willoughbies, who bad very large inhert-
brought with them the great eſtate of the de Engains,.
receiv'd this river below Boſton [ aa}, (as we'
Accepitque folum fati de nomine Thongum,
Taurmo quantum poterat circundare tergo
Took, and call'd Thong, in memory of the deed,
| * The ground he compals'd with an Ox's hide.
| From Grimesby the ſhore gives back with great
' winding, and admits the zſtuary Abs or Humber by
| Thornton, heretofore a College for divine worſhip,
founded by William Craſſws Earl of Aibemarle, and
by Barton, where we pals into the County of York, T'...
by a very noted Ferry. Next this lies nkam, a ©
litt muddy river, and for that reaſon tull of Eels,
which at laſt runs into the Humber : near the ſpring. ;*
head of ir, ſtands Marker-Raſm, fo call'd from a pret-
ty throng market there. A little higher ftands A4n-
gotby, now corruptly call'd Ozgodby, bclonging here-
tofore to the family '* of S. Medardo, trom whom
the Airmoines had it by inheritance; and Kel/ay
which was ſometime the eſtate of the FHan/ards, very
eminent in this Shire; from whom it came to the x,
Aſhcoughs Knights, by marriage [| cc]. Affter-
watds the Ankam is joynd with a biidge to Glan-
ford a little market town, call'd by the common peo-
ple Brigg, from the bridge, the true name being al-
moſt quite forgotten. Near this town, within a
ark, 15 to be ſeen Kerrlcby the ſeat of tlie: famous
amnly of the Tirwhitts Knights **, but formerly the
dwelling-place of one Kerellws, as the name it felf in. +
timates, which was very common among the Danes 1:
and Saxons. For in Saxon Bye ſignihes an habirati-
on, and Byan to inhabit ; which is the reafon why
ſo many places all over England, but eſpecially in 5:
this County, end'in By.
This County is at certain ſeaſons fo ſtock'd with
fowl (to fay nothing of fiſh ) that one may very
juſtly admire the numbers and variety of them ; and 8:
thoſe not common ones, and ſuch as are of great va-
lue in other Countries, namely, Teal, Quails, Wood-
cocks, Pheaſants, Partridge, &c. but fuch as we have
no Latin words for, and that are fo delicate and
agreeable, that the nice!: palates always covet
them, viz. Puittes, Godwitts; Knotts, that is, as I take
it, Canutzs's birds, for they are believ'd to fly hither
our of Denmark ; Dotterells, fo call'd from their do- x:
tiſh ſillineſs : tor the mimick birds are caught at can-
dle-light by the fowler's geſtures ; it he ſtretch out uz:
his arm, they imitate him with their wing ; if he
holds out his leg, they likewiſe will do the ſame
with theirs : to be ſhort, whatſoever the fowler does
chey do after him, till ar laſt they let the net be
drawn over them. Burt I leave theſe to be obſerved
either by ſuch as delight curiouſly to dive into the
ſecrers of nature, or that ſquander away their eftates
in luxury and epicuriſm.
More weſtward, the river Trent, (after a long courſe
within its ſandy banks, which are the bounds to this
Shire,) falls from the Fo//edike into the Humber, ha-
up a little child of the Daniſh blood-royal ( nam'd
Haveleck) that was expoſed ; for which he is much
talk'd of, as is allo that Haweloc his Pupil, who was
firſt a Scullion in the King's kitchen, but afterwards |
tor his eminent valour had the honour to marry the
King's daughter. He perform'd I know not what great |
exploits, which for certain are fitter for tattling goflips
in a winter night, than a grave Hiſtorian | bb | *%. |
Scarce fix miles from hence, farther in the Coun. |
try, is to be feen the ancient caſtle, call'd at this
time Caſfor, in Saxon Duanz-carten and Thong-ca/ter,
in Britiſh Caer-Egarry; but in both languages it takes
the name from the thing, viz. from a hide cut in
pieces, as Byrſa the moſt noted Carthaginian caſtle
did. For *tis affirm'd in our annals that Hergi/t the
Saxon, having conquer'd the Pics and Scots, and
got very large poſſeflions in other places, begged
alſo of Yortigern as much ground in this place as he
could encompaſs with an Ox's hide cut out in very
{mall Thongs, where he built this caſtle : whence, |
one who has writ a Breviary of the Britiſh hiſtory
in verſe, tranſposd Virgil's verſes in this manner, |
CE ee eee CE CIR
ving firſt of all ran pretty near Srow, where Godiva
Earl Leofrick's wife, built a Monaſtery, which, by
reaſon of its low ſituation wnder the bills, is ſaid, by $:».
Henry of Huntingdon, to Iye under the Promon-
tory of Lincoln [dd]. Then by Knathb, now the
ſeat of the Lord Willoughby of Parham, formerly of
che family of the Barons of Darcy, who had great ho- kk:
nours and poſleflions by the daughter and heir of
Meinill. This family of the Darcies came from one
more ancient, to wit, from one Norman de Adrecy
de Limbergh. F es ;
Affterwards the Trent runs down to Germsborow, a ©
little town, famous for being the harbour of che
Daniſh ſhips, and for the dearth of Suro Tivgshege, 6”
a Daniſh Tyrant; who when he had pillaged the
Country, as Matthew cf Weſtminſter writes, w2s
's Sir Ralph. 5 Sir Robert.
their times. From the Unioycs deſcended the elder Lords Cromwell, now
1- Bret the bhenour and ora; of this place, was the right reverend Dot?
wv Deſcended from Grovil,
Sia learming 11 Our days.
'; Of Sermarc.
— —— -— - —o- ———
Tn More inward are Driby and Ormesby, neighbour towns, which gave ſirnamer to tro great families in
determined ; and from Orwesbics the hone of Shipwih, £:47 conmmuinge
or Whitgitt, ate Arckt:fhep of Canterdir jy, a peericſs Prelete for pret}
Oxenbridge, and Echirgham.
here
il
1.4
x
4
48
.
—m—_—
-
Saws
7 :
bre-
*2 |
P'p
+ *
LINCOLNSHIRE
— —— ——
474
here ſtabb'd by an unknown perſon, and fo art laſt
ſuffer'd the puniſhment due co his wickednels. Some
ages alter this, ic was the poſleflion of ** William ge
Valentia Earl of Pembroke, who obtain'd of Edw. 1.
the privilege of a Fair for it. The Barons of Borrowg h |
I have not as yet read any thing remark?ble.
Romaya a Norman, after whoſe: death ( for this title
who dwell here, ( of whom we have ſpoken before | was never enjoy'd by his fon, -who died before him,
-:** in Surrey) are deſcended from this Earl by the
4 Scotch Earls of Athol, and the Percies [ee]. In this part
of the County ſtood formerly the city Sidnaceſter, once
the ſeat of the Biſhops of this County, who were
nor by his grandſon ) King Stephen conferr'd ic on
Gilbert de Ga#nt, who ſucceeded him ; but he dying,
Simon de Sr. Licims the yornger, ſon of Earl Simon
( you have the very words of Robert Montenſis who
ſadly decay'd, chat neither che ruins nor name of it | om King Hetry 2. bu only ' danghter to wife, toge-
are in being [| ff]. I muſt not omit, that here at
Mellwood there flourithes the honourable family of
St. Paul Knights, corruptly call'd Sawpoll, which I al-
ways thought came from the ancient Caſtilion family
of the Earls of St. Paul in France; but the Coat of
Arms of Luxemburgh that they bear, is a ſign chat
they came out of France, ſince that Caſtilion family
of Sr. Paul was by marriage ingrafted into that of Lu-
xemburgh ; which was about two hundred years ago.
Above this, the Trent, the 1dell, and the Dan, as
they play along in their ſeveral ſtreams, (thus Fron-
tinus expreſles it ) make a river Iſland, Axelbolme,
in Saxon Eaxelholme, which is part of Lincolnſhire;
in length
half ſo broad. The lower part near the rivers is
marſhy, and produces an odoriferous ſhrub, call'd
Gall **, The middle has a ſmall aſcent, and is both
rich and fruitful, yielding flax in great abundance,
and alſo Alabaſter; which being not very folid, is
more proper for lime and plaifterwork,than for other
uſes. 'The chief town was formerly call'd A4xe/, now
Axey ; from whence, by adding the Saxon word
Holme ( which among them ſignified a river-iſland)
the name, without queſtion, was compounded. It
hardly deſerves to be call'd a town, 'tis ſo thinly inha-
bited; nevertheleſs, there is to be ſeen a vids
a caſtle that was demoliſh'd in the Barons war, and
belonged to the Mowbrays, who at that time had a
great part of the iſland in their poſſeflion. In che
year 1173. Roger de Mowbray ( as the Author of an
. old Chronicle has it) for/aking bu allegiance to the || El-
; der King, repair'd @ Caſtle formerly demoliſhd in the Iſle
Axelbolme near Kinard ferry; which Caſtle @ great num-
ber of Lincolnſhire-men paſſing over in boats, befieged, and
compell'd the Conſtable and all the ſoldiers to ſurrender,
and laid it level with the ground. A little higher lies
Botterwic z the owner whereof, *? Edmund Sheffeld,
was the firſt Baron of that family, created by Ed-
ward the fixth, and loft his lite for his Country againſt
the Norfolk rebels; having by Anne Vere, a daughter
. of the Earl of Oxford, John the ſecond Baron, fa- | Qt
ther to Edmund, who is now Knight of the moſt
noble Order of the Garter '*s. More northward on
the other ſide of Treme is Burton Stather, of which
$;r William.
tern found t and | -t hile they dize'd for Pet, both within the i/lr, and alſs without, at Laughton «p
foun great an ong fir rees While FR&Y MITE for Pe ww Beard Shea. Jo.1 Preſident of the Council eſtabliſh'd in be north.
is Tet both Sir Eubul Strange and Sir Hugh Frere her third khwband, are in ſame Recoras nam'd Earls of Lincoln.
4 _ family of Dalanſon, now contra#ly call'd Dalifon.
40,
rm of
from ſouth to north 16 miles, but not paſt | Lacy
| ther with bis bonour. Afterwards Lewis
France,
who was calFd '*meo England by che rebellious Ba-
-rons, created another Gilbert of che ie Gaunt; family,
Eart' of Lincoln 5 but as foon-as Lewis was forc'd
away, and he found himſelf -acknowledg'd Eart by
'no man; he” quitted the tick: of : his own accord.
Then Ralphy'the fixth Earl of Cheſter, had this ho-
nour granted him-by King Henry 3. and a little be-
fore his death gave by Charter to Hawi/e his ſiſter
wife of Robert de Qainey, the Eatidom of Lincoln,
fo far forth at it appertain'd to bim, that ſhe might be
Conmeſs thereof ; for io are the ve: y words of the Char-
ter. She in like manner beftow'd it on John de
Conſtable of Cheſter, and the heirs he
ſhould beger on Margaret her daughter. This John
begat Edmund, who dying before his mother, lefc
this honour to be enjoy'd by Henry his fon, the laſt
Earl of this family. For when he loſt his ſons by
untimely deaths, he contracted his only daughter
Lancafter, on condition, that if he ſhould dye "without
their bodies, bis Caſtles, Lordfhips, &*c. ſhould come
im the remainder to Edmund Earl of Lancaſter, and
bis beirs for ever. But this Alice having no children
by her husband Thomas (who was beheaded) loft
her reputation by her light behaviour, for that ſhe,
without the K.'s conſent, was married to*7 Eubulo Le-
Strange, with whom ſhe had been formerly fomewhat
too intimate ; for which reaſon the offended King
ſciz'd her eftate *5. But Alice being very old, and dy-
ing without iſſue, Henry Earl of Lancaſter, grand-
child to Edmund by his ſecond fon, had this her
large patrimony,' by virtue of the aforeſaid convey-
ance ; and from this time it became the inheritance
of the houſe of Lancaſter. Nevertheleb, the Kings
of England have conferr'd on ſeveral the title of Earl
of Lincoln ; as, Edward 4. on *7 John De-la-pole, and
Henry 8. on Henry Brandon, who were both ſons
of the Dukes of Suffolk, and died without iſſue. Then
n. Elz. promoted to this honour, Edward Baron
|
|
|
Climton, Lord High Admiral of England ; by whoſe
very honourable ſon Henry 'tis at preſent enjoy'd.
*2 It yieldeth alſo Pets in the mares, and dead roots of fir-wood, which in burning give @ rank [weet ſarvvour. There allo have
on Trent bank, the old habitation
"5 Sir
27 Sir John.
There are in this County about 630 Pariſhes.
ADDITIONS to LINCOL NSHIRE.
HE corner of this County, where
Mr. Camden begins his ſurvey, ſeems
formerly to have been a very inconſi-
derable. or rather no part of it. For
as he obſerves from the banks there, that the fea muſt
once have come ſomething farther, ſo Mr. Dug-
dale putting Holland in the r Bo number with Marſh-
land in Norfolk and ſome other maritime places,
plainly proves that they have been long ago, by great
induſtry, gain'd from the ſea, and were for many
ages nothing but a vaſt and deep fen, atfording little
nefir to che nation beſides fiſh or fowl.
[b] As co the original of the name, I ſhall not
make the leaſt ſcruple to joyn this and Holland in the
Netherlands together, agreeing ſo exactly in their
ſituation, ſoil, and moſt other circumſtances ; ſer-
ting aſide the differ2nce of improvements, which no
doubt are much more conſiderable in one than the
other, but are n-ching to our purpoſe, 1o long as the
primitive ſtate of both was :nuch the ſame. Mr. But-
ler's conjefture drawn fron: the Saxon Polt, a weed,
and Ingulphuss H:ilandia which has given occafion
to derive it from hay, ſzem to lye under the ſame in-
convenience, in that the toi! does not favour either
of theſe, or at icaſt not ſo much as to render the place
eminent for them. I would not willingly go any
farther than the Saxon ÞcaÞ deep, the remains where-
of our Northern parts ſtill retain in their how, which
they
#ſue of bis body, or if they ſbould dye withoat heirs of
Since Egg4 who livd in the year 710, and Afor-
car, both Saxons, that were:only Officiary Earls ;
this County has given the ti:le of Earl io Wiltiam de parts of
Linculn.
-x:#er. call'd Biſhops of Lindiffar ; but this town is now fo | lived about that time ) when be wanted lands, receiv'd 2 Hen. 2,
Alice, when but nine years old, ro Edmund Earl of
L 170? w
b ok of
Staniov/
Edw. 2,
Se Dakes
ot Suftoik.
475
'CORITANI.
ant . Hl. ow coo ro er nn Oo IIrro—
Tydd,
K-lteven.
S:ar tord.
they uſe for deep or low ; and the breakings in of the
ſea, with the banks made againſt it, ſufficiently de-
clare how much the nature of the place contributes
towards this conjecture.
c] Upon the confines of Norfolk, lyes Tydd, a
ſmall village, but famous for the once Rector of it
Nicholas Breakſpear, who planted Chriſtianity in Nor-
way: for which good ſervice to the Church he was
afterwards made Cardinal,and inthe year 1154, Pope,
under the name of Hadrian the fourth.
; [ g | Mr. Neal, before-mention'd , has an o'd
| Manuſcript fragment of an hiſtory , that lays Stam-
| ford was an Univerſity long before our Saviour's
' time, and continued fo till the year 300, when it was
| diffolv'd by the Pope for adhering to Arriws. For
| the firſt founder of it that Author quotes Mer{;n, 2
| Britiſh Hiſtorian. But whatever deference we pay to
the authority of the Hiſtory ; from the circumltan-
ces it ſeems pretty plain ( as the ſame Gentleman has
obſerv'd) that ir muſt be of longer Cate than Ed.z.For
[d] To endeavour the diſcovery of any thing that | upon that quarrel mention'd by Mr. Camden, which
looks like Roman hereabouts, would be a ſearch as
fruicle(s as unreaſonable ; and for ics condition in the
Saxon times, Ingulphus fully anfwers that , whoſ:
hiſtory, no doubt, is the belt intelligence for thoſe
parts. For which reaſons we ſhall take leave of it,
and go along with our Author into the ſecond part of
this County ; having firſt obſerv'd that this, as well
as Lindſey diviſion, has had its Earls, and gave title to
Henry Rich Lord Kenſington, created Earl of Holland,
Apr. 3. 22 Jac. 1. He was ſucceeded by Robert his
ſon, who had the additional title of Earl of War-
wick by the death of Charles Rich, Earl of that place,
his Couſin-german. Whereupon both titles are at
preſent enjoy'd by the right honourable Edward Rich, |
{tiPd Earl of Warwick and Holland.
Fe] Keſtewven, Mr. Camden obſerves is call'd by
Xchelwerd Ceoſtefne Sylva (the wood Ceoſtefne.) Fhe
reaſon of it is this ; becauſe there was really a great
foreſt at this end of the diviſion , where now are the
large fenns, call'd Deeping-Fenns, 8&c. A plain argu-
ment whereof is, that the trunks of trees are dugg up
in ſeveral ditches thereabouts,which lye cover'd ſome
two foot with a light black mold. And Mr. Neal
(to whom the world is indebted for this and other dif-
coveries in this County) tells me, that in a ditch of
his own juſt at the edge of the fenns, there was
about 12 years ago ſeveral trunks of trees lying in the
bottom, and in another place as many acorns turn'd
out of one hole, as would fill a hat; very firm and
hard, but colour'd black ; and now there is no tree
{tanding near that place by a mile, except here and
there a willow lately ſet. The ſame Gentleman aſ-
ſures me, he has by him the copy of the Exempliti-
cation of the Letters Patents of Jac. 1. dated at Welt-
minſter, Febr. 15. in the fifth of his reign over Eng-
land, and over Scotland the 4r. wherein he recites
by way of Injeximes,the Letters Patents of Henry 3.
dated ar Portſmouth the 23d of April, in the 14th
of his reign, who thereby diſafforeſted the ſaid fo-
happen'd between the Southern and Northern Scho-
lars, the latter ic ſeems came hicher in Nov.1333. and
return'd to Oxford before 1334. ſo that their ſhorr
; ſtay could not allow them any great opportunities
for building. Bur here are ſtill the remains of two
' Colleges, one call'd Black-ball, and the other Brazen-
; #04, in the gate whereof is a great brazen Noſe and
'a ring through it, like that at Oxford. And 'tis evi.
dent that this did not take its pattern from Oxford,
but Oxtord from ie, becauſe Brazen-noſe College in
Oxford, was not built before the reign of Henry the
| ſeventh, and this is at leaſt as old as Edw. 3. or pro-
| bably older.
[h] So much for the Univerſity there. The go-
Charter they have. For there is a liſt of ſixty upon
the Court-Roll ſworn there before the Incor poration,
viz. from 1398. to 1460. the firſt year of Edward the
fourth. So that Edward the fourth by his Charter
ſeems rather to confirm an old cuſtom than eſtabliſh
a new one. *Tis very obſervable here that they have
the Cuſtom, which Littleton, the famous Common.
poſleſ(s'd of within this Manour.
[1] My Lord Burghley founded a Hoſpital here;
but when Mr.Camden fays,he is bury'd in the Pariſh-
Church of S. George in Crambord, it 15 a miſtake;
tor he lyes in S. Martin's Church in Sramford- Barron,
which is in Northamptonſhire.
[k] After the death of William Earl of Warren,
the manour, burrough, and caſtle of Sremford were
granted to John Earl Warren by Edw. 1. and by his
death reverted ro the Crown. Afffrter five or ſix re-
grants from the Crown to ſeveral of the greateſt No-
bility, and as many returns to it, either by forfeiture
or for want of heirs -male ; Queen Elizabeth grant-
reſt of Keſtewen in perpetuum ; which was alſo con- | ed them to William Cecil tirſt Lord Burgley: from him
fhirm'd by the Letters Patents of Edward the third in
the 2oth of his reign; wherein the ſaid foreſt is
butted and bounded, to extend on one ſide from
Swafton to Eaſt-Deeping, as Caresdike extends it ſelf ;
(which is a dike running croſs the top of the Fenns,
nor only of Deepimng- Fenn, but alſo of that great fenn
beyond the river G/en, call'd Lindſey-level;) and on the
other ſide it extends to the diviſion call'd Holand.
[f ] Having made our way into this diviſion, by a
previous account why fome old Authors call it a wood
or fore#F, ( whereas now there appearing no ſuch
thing,the readers might be ſurpriz'd;) letus accompa-
ny Mr.Camden to Starford, the firſt remarkable place
we meet with. As tothe Antiquity of it, our En-
glith Hiſtorians afford us very large teſtimonies.
Henry Huntingdon lib.g. pag 204. in his deſcription
of the wars between Edmund Ironſide and the Danes,
calls it an ancient city ; and Ingulphus, p. 5 rx. tells us
there were Terms held at Stamford ; and Hoveden in
the book of Crowland, p. 249. calls it Stamford(bire ,
being a County-town : and very commodious it is for
that utc, thisend of Lincolnſhire adjoyning to it, be
ing 36 miles from Lincoln, and the end of Northam-
ron{hire next it on that ſide, no lefs from Northamton;
which diitance is a great inconvenience to the inha
bitants fo often as cheir buſineſs calls them to the
Affizes. Stow p. 131. tells us, there was a Mint
tor coyning of money in Stamford-Baron,in the time
of King Attielitan ; but this probably was ſome pri-
vilege granted to the Abbors of Pererburrow ; for
this is that pariſh that's within Northamtonſhire, and
they deſcended to Arne , daughter and coheir of
William Earl of Exeter, who was marry'd to Henry
Grey firſt Earl of Stamford, advanc'd to that dignity
by King Charles the firſt, in the third year of his
reign. He was father of Thomas Lord Grey of Groo-
by, who dy'd in his father's lite time, having marry'd
Dorothy daughter and coheir of Edward Bourchier Earl
of Bath: by which match the right honourable
Thomas, preſent Earl of Stamford, is deſcended from
Thomas of Wooditock Duke of Gloceſter, the Bohwns
Earls of Eſſex, Hereford, and Northampton, and i&-
veral other noble Families.
[1] Between Stamford and Lincoln , in the Keſteven
diviſion, there are many Spaws or mineral chalybi- 9"*
ate Springs ; as at Bourne, Walcot by ure fp
Pickworth, Newton, Aunsby, Aſerby, and, 'tis faid, in
the grounds eaſt of Dunsby-ball, three miles north ol
Sleeford : but thoſe chiefly celebrated and us'd, are
Bourne and Walcot.
[m | Going along with the river Iealand, we
by the black Prince's marrying Joan the fair Maid ct
Kent, who was daughter to Edmund of Wooditock
Earl of Kent, and of Margaret ſiſter and heirels to
Thomas Wake, the laſt of that line. Ir is very 1e-
markable that ſhe had been cwice marry'd before, and
twice divorc'd.
[n] South from bence lyes Bourne , which by che fu”
ſame marriage came to the Crown along with Deping.
King Edmund, and the Calle of the Wakes. For the ,
is within a diſtin& liberty granted to the Abbots of
Fultrburrow.
firſt,* Leland tells us he remembers he has read we jth
where
vernment of the town Mr. Camden tells us, is by an 414
Alderman, and 24 Comburgenſe:. When this begun, Wl
is not ſo certain , being much elder than the firſt 5.4.
Lawyer, calls Burrough Engliſh, viz. the younger ſons $54
inherit what Lands or Tenements their fathers dyc ***
are led to Deping, which manour came to the Crown ne4
Mr. Camden makes it famous for the inauguration ot
-., having Roman-coin 1N it,
»*. 7 Leland, who tells us there was one Boutbeby of ve-
——_ —_—
LINCOLNSHIRE.
— ——- -
where that S. Edmund King of the Eaſt-Angles, was
crown'd at Bourne, but does not know whether 'twas
this Bourne. That it was not, but is to be removed
into Suffolk to Buers, is evidently prov'd in the Ad- |
dicions to that County. For the caltle; he ſays,chere |
appear great ditches,and the Dungeon-hil of ir againſt |
che welt end of the Priory , ſomewhat diſtant from !
it, as on the other fide ot the ſtreet backward ; that |
it belong'd to the Lord Wake, and that much ſervice
of the Wake-fee is done to it, and every Feodary knows |
his ſtation, and place of ſervice. The medicinal
Spring ariſing here in a farm-yard , is as ſtrong as|
that ar Aſtrop in Northamptonſhire , and is pretty |
much drank in ſummer time Thar alſo ſeven miles
facther northward, near the edge of the fenns at Wal- |
cot near Folkingham,is much frequented by the Gentry
of late years, and is ſomething ſtronger than the
other, purging both by urine and ſtool.
[o] Let us now pals to the weſtern part of Keſte-
ven Diviſion, where Belworr-caſtle firſt offers it ſelf to!
our view. And as three Counties, Leiceſter, Notting- |
ham, and Lincoln, ſhare of the Yale, fo 1s it not eahe |
to determine whether the Priory there belongs to the |
firſt or 1zſt of the three. For the caſtle, there 1s no |
diſpute but it belongs to Lincoln ; only there is ſome |
ditference about the founder of it. Mr. Comedy!
is for Todeney a Norman; but Mr. Burton is willing |
to have it raisd by one of the houſe of Albeney ; |
whoſe firſt name indeed he does not deny might be
Totney, or Todeney. He grounds his opinion upon |
ſome ancient Records about the time of King Henry
the firſt, or elder, proving the Albenies then to be
reſident here; who were true Natives of this
land, and no Normans or Strangers, becauſe of the
addition to their names with which he declares he
has ſeen them written , Willielmius de Albmiaco, Brito.
As to the Priory, Mr. Camden ſeems to make it go
along with the Caſtle, but Mr.Burton brings it over
into Leice#terſhire, perhaps more out of a defire to en- |
large his own province, than any juſt reaſon, unleſs
there be a fuller intimation of ic in the Roll of the
fifth of Henry the third (upon which he builds) than |
any thing he has quoted out of it.
[p] Ancafer preſents it fzIf next, to the Antiquity |
wheicot, abundantly thown by Mr. Camden, I have |
nathing to add. Leland (lrtinerar. p. 20) ſets down, |
ir how an oid man of Anca#ter told him, that by Ureby
* Or Roſeby, a piough man took up a ſtone, and found
another ſtone under it, wherein was a fſquare-hole,
Near to this place is Her-
laxton, where the ſame author mentions the helmet
of gold fer wich ſtones, which was preſented to Ca-
tharine, Princels dowager ; and further adds to what
Mr. Camden has ſaid of it, that there were alfo
bedes of filver in that pot, and writings corrupt-
ed.
[q) From hence we mult remove a little , and
follow the river Witham , as our beſt dire&ion to
Lincoln, the Metropolis of this County. - Not far
- tom the head of ir, on the welt-ſide lyes Boothby-
pannel, upon which the great Dr. Sanderſon ( who
was for ſome years Rettor there ) entail'd a laſting
name and honour ; as he diq afterwards upon the
Regius-Proteſſors Chair at Oxford, and the See of
Lincoln. The reaſon of che name we learn from
ry ancient time, the Heir-general of whom was mar-
ried to Paynell.
[r | Our of Keſfteven, we are carry'd into thethird
part of the diviſion, Lindſey 3 where, upon the banks
7. of the river Trent, we meer with Tort ey, in which |
town che ancient Charter is ſtill preferv'd ; and it |
enjoys thereby the privilege of a toll trom ſtrangers |
who bring cattel or goods that way ; as allo of a;
Fair on Monday in Whitſun-week, much reſorted to
by young folks, and other country-people in thoſe.
parts. Sheringham ſeems to me to {train too hard,
When he endeavours to make the name of this
place favour his conjecture, grounded upon Mela,that
the Turk; were the ſame- nation with the Tyrſagete
and reſt of che Goths, fom whom our Anceſtors
were deſcended. Unleſs it were countenanc'd by |
lore peculiar paſſage in hiſtory, there is nothing
' ancient Lords of it.
| but the bare ſimilicude of names, and that too can
contribute nothing, if Mr. Somner's opinion may
be taken in the caſe, who derives it from cpoge, a
cockboat, and 15e an Iſland.
[5s] Two miles welt from Lincoln is Skelingthorp, $Kelling-
annum ) orpe.
the Lordſhip whereof (worth about 520 /.
was bequeath'd to Chriſt's Hoſpical in London
by the Lord of it Henry Stone , who dy'd June 26.
1693. This Gentleman gave alſo along with it his
whole perſonal eſtate ( worth four thouſand pound )
to the lame pious uſe.
[ © ] From hence the Foſ-dike leads us South-eaſt to Lincoln.
Lincoln , calld ( as Mr. Camden obſerves ) by the
Norman-writers Nichol ; aagd Mr. Thomas Twyne
1n his Breviary of Britazn, fol. 24. b. fays, he has ob-
lerv'd the ſame many times in ancient Charters, and
Records of the Earls thereof, written in the French-
tongue. Andeven as low as Edward the fourth's
cime, William Caxton, in his Chronicle enticl'd Fru-
cus temporum , pag. 141. and 295. Calls it Nichol. 1
know none who remove the Roman Lindum from
hence, except Talbot, who carries it to Lenton in
Nottinghamſhire ; which opinion we have conſider'd
iN its proper place. || Leland tells us, he heard fay , | lrinerar.
that rhe lower part of Lincoln-rown was all mariſh, and ® **
won by policy, and mbabited for the commodity of the
water C regione : that thu part of the town u call'd W:-
kerford, and in it are 1 i Parochial-Churches,beſides which
be ſaw one im ruins. The White-Fryers were on the weſt-
fide of the High-ſftreet in Wikerford, * That beyond old * Pag::,
| Lincoln, much money u found in the North-fields, What
Mr. Camden has concerning the decay of this
cown, wherein he ſays of 5o Churches are ſcarce left
18, he ſeems to have borrow'd from a hine of Le-
land's ; and if he had no other authority, itſeems to
be deliver'd in terms too poſitive and general. For
Leland mentions it very tenderly , and only fays ,
tf There goeth a common fame , that there were once F2 f Ibid.
Pariſh-Churches in Lincoln-city and the ſuburbs of it.
At a little diſtance from Lincoln is Ne&/on, tormer- No-toz.
ly a Religious-houſe, where is a very magnificent
ſeat, lately built by Sir Witiam Ellys Baronet.
At Wraghby, eight miles Eaſt of Lincoln, the wife Wragby.
of one Charles Gays, An. Dom. 1676. brought forth
a male-child with two heads, which liv'd ſome hours.
The mother of the child is ſtill living, and keeps an
Inn in the town ; and the matter of fact can be at-
teſted by at leaſt 100 people, who ſaw it.
[ u | Upon the lictle river Bane ſtands Horn-caſt le 2 Horn-caltle
which evidently appears to have been a Camp or
Station of the Romans ; as from the Caſtle which is
Roman work , ſo alſo from the Roman coins , le-
veral whereof were found therein the time of Charles
the firſt, and ſome they meet with at this day (tho'
not ſo commonly) in the field adjoyning. The com-
| paſs of the Caſtle was about 20 Acres, which is yet
plainly diſcernable by the foundation of the whole,
and ſome part of the wall ſtill ſtanding. Ir is a Serg-
niory or Soke of 13 Lordihips, and was given by King
Richard the ſecond, to the Biſhop of Carliſle and his
Succeſlors, for his habitation and maintenance; when
by the frequent incurſions of the Scots, he was dri-
ven ſrom his caſtleoft Roſe in Cumberlard, and ſpayl'd
of his revenues.
Three miles South-eaſt from hence is Winceby, where Winceby.
(Oob. 5. 1643.) was a battel fought berween the
King and Parliament ; the forces of the firſt com-
manded by Colonel Henderſon and the Lord Wid-
drington,thoſe of the latter by Colonel Cromwell. The
tighe ſcarce laſted an hour, and the victory fell to the
Parliament.
Cw] At the meeting of the rivers Bane and Wicham 7,0.
is Tatteſhall, where in the front of the caſtle not long:
ſince, were to be ſeen the Arms of the Cromwels, the
It afterwards came to be one of
the ſeats of the Cl;mtows Earls of Lincoln, belides ano-
ther at Sempringham, which Mr. Camden mentions
in this County.
[x ] At a little diſtance from Bullingbrook 1s Eresby, g:@y,
which gives the ritle of Baron to the Earl of Lindſey,
the third diviſion ol this County, ' The firſt who en-
joy'd thistitle ©! tart was Robert Lord Willougbby of
Eresby, cre: 1 ov. 22. in thefecond year of Ning
Charles 1.
oY — — — — — — - ” oo — - - -
——— — —
—_ —_——
——_— _ < ——
BRarevy.
Gainesbor-
row.
S [tin p. 24+
ſe
Charles 1. He was ſon to tiuat Perepr:zze Berty, whom
Catharine Baroneſs of Wilioughby and Dutcheſs of
Suffolk bore to Richard Berty, while they made
their eſcape into foreign parts in Queen Mary s pe1-
ſecution.
regrina pro conſolatione exilty ſur pus parentibus 4 Dom:
donatrs ſit, as the publick. Regiſter of Weſe! in the
Dutchy of Cleve ( where he was born ) expreſſes it
At the requeſt of the honourable Mr. Charles Berty
( Envoy extraordinary to the Electors and oth-r
Princes of Germany ) in his paſſage chrough that
City, the Burgomaſters, Aldermen, and Countlel-
lors, took a copy of the evidences of his birth and
Chriſtening as they found it in their Regiſter, and
preſented it to him under the common ſeal of che
City. This Robert the firſt Earl, Lord High Cham-
berlain of England, was ſucceeded by his fon and
heir Mountague, upon the reſtoration of Charles 2.
made Knight of the Garter, who dying in the year
1666. was fiucceeded by Robert his eldelt fon. ;
[ y | A lictle above Bullingbroke ſtands Hareby, emi-
nenc for the death of Queen Eleanor, wite to King
Edward 1. who being conveyed from thence to
Weſtminſter, had a great many Croſſes erected to her
memory in ſeveral noted places. This is the more
obſervable, becauſe our Chronicles tell us ſhe dy'd
at a place call'd Hardby, without giving us any hints
where it ſtands.
[z] Hard by is Bollingbroke, whereof Oliver Lord
St. Fohn of Bletſo was created Earl 22 Jac. 1. Dec. 28.
and was ſucceeded by his grandchild Oliver Sr. Fobn
by Pawlet his ſecond ſon, Oliver Lord Sr. Fobn the
eldeſt being lain at Edge-hill fight. At preſent the
place gives the title of Earl to the right honourable
Pawlet St. Fohn.
[aa] More towards the ſea, lies Boom, where
Mr. Fobn Fox, Author of the A&s and Monuments,
was born.
(bb ] At Grimesby were formerly three Religious-
houſes, 5. e. one Nunnery, and ewo Monaſteries : and
not far from the ſame coaſt, between Salflet-hawer and
Louth, is Salflethy, memorable for its late Miniſter,
Mr. Fobn Watſon, who was incumbent 74 years ; du-
ring which time ( as he himſelf reported ic ) he bu-
ried the inhabitants three times over, fave three or
four perſons. He had by one wile fourteen ſons and
three daughters, the youngeſt now paſt the fiftieth
year of his age. In all this time he was a conſtant in-
duſtrious Preacher, except during his impriſonment
for 40 weeks in Lincoln Gaol, by Cromwell, who put a
Militia-Drummec in his place. Since che preſent reign
he was alſo ſuſpended ab officio, but, conſidering his
great age, not 4 beneficio. He dy'd in Aug, 1693.
aged 102.
cc] Turning to the weſt towards the river Trexr,
we meet with Oſgodby, otherwiſe call'd O/egobby and
Oſgoteby , where Mr. Camden places the ſeat of
St. Medardo, and deduces it to the family of Aſhcough.
But Mr. Dugdale has afſſur'd us that the whole is a
maniteſt miſtake, that family belonging to another
Osgodby in the fame County, about 3o miles fouth
ot this.
[dd] Directly towards Lincoln, is Stow, the
Church whereof is a large building in the form of a
croſs, and very ancient, It was founded by Eadnoth
a Biſhop of Dorche/ter in Oxfordſhire, before the See
was remov*'d to Lincoln. It was rebuilt by Remi-
ius the firſt Biſhop of Lincoln ; and in Srew-park, a
Fecle mile from the Church, there was an Abby re-
edified by the ſame Biſhop ; but the Monks were ſoon
remov'd from it by Rebert Bloert the ſecond Biſhop of
Lincoln, to the Abbey of Eynſbam near Oxford. Ic
was afterwards made a Biſhop's ſeat, but there is
little of the ancient ruins now to be ſeen. In the
pariſh of Srow, is a village call'd Srrerron, from the
old cauſey running that way, as if one ſhould ſay
the Street-rown: and in a field belonging to that place,
are a great many Ophizes, or ſtones roll'd up hke
ts.
| ee] From hence we come to Gainesburrow, where
in (as * Leland ſays) upon the ſouth part of the
town, is an old chapel of ſtone, in which 'tis report-
ed by the inhabitants, that many Danes were bury'd ;
CORITAN I.
He was call d Peregrine, eo quod im terra pe- |
4 Dommo | Country town call'd Marton, Mr. Foxcrolt has oh-
— — — _ ——
that there 15 allo the remains of another chapel of
wood on the tide *of Trent, now quice demolii}'d,
Art preſent, the right honourable Baprizt Noel has his
tiric of Earl from this place.
41
— ———
A little above Garmesburrow, through the end of a Marg
lerv'd that a Roman way goes into this County. It
comes from Danum, 1. &. Doncaſter, to Agelocum, now
Littl-burrow, trom whence it goes to Lindum, Lincoln,
'1is a great road tor pack-hories, which travel from
the welt of Yorkſhire to Lincoln, Lyn, and Norwich,
The ferry upon the river Trent is one 1ide in Not-
tinghamſhire, and the other in Lincolnſhire. A quar.
ter of a mile trom AZarton abovemention'd, there are
yet remaining two or three conſiderable pieces of
Roman pavement or Cauſzway, which may be eaſily
obſerv d by travellers of ordinary curiohity,
(ff] In this part of the County it is, that
Mr. Camden has in general feril'd the ancient S:4na-
ceſter, but without determining it to any particular
place. It ene ſhould cake the liberty of a conjecture,
and ſettle it at Srow, there would not want ſeveral
probabilities to warrant it. That the See now ar
Lincoln, was once at Dorcheſter near Oxford, is agreed
upon by all: that likewiſe Eadbed was made Bijhop
of Sidnaceſter in the year 678. and that he was ſuc-
ceeded by ſeveral other Biſhops under the fame title,
is as plain. But after Eadulf's death, when it had
been vacant about 80 years, it was by Leofwin united
to Dorcheſter, as that of Leiceſter had been belore it.
The fixth from Leofwin was Eadnorb, who ( as the
untermediate Biſhops had done ) enjoy'd the title of
Dorcheſter, and under that of S:dnacefter and Leice-
fter. This was that Eadnoth who built the Church
of our Lady in Stow, and died An. 1050. Now,
where can we imzgine a Biſhop of Sidnaceſter ſhould
ſo probably build a Church as at Sidnacefter ? And
whence would he ſooner take his pattern or platform
than from his own Cathedral of Dorcheſter ? But i
appears by the enquiries of an ingenious Gentleman
in thoſe parts, that there is a very near reſemblance
between the two Churches of Dorcheſter and Stow.
And if they have been ſince rebuile, we may proba-
bly conclude that the ſame form notwithſtanding
was ſtill kept. The See of Legeceſter or Leiceſter is
concluded to have been where St. Margaret's now
ſtands; and as that is & Peculiar, a Prebend, and (1
think ) an Archdeaconry ; lo is Stow too. Beſides, the
preſent Privileges of this place are greater than any
hereabouts, except Lincoln ; and they have former-
ly exceeded even that. For that it was famous betore
Lincoln was a Biſhop's See, is beyond diſpute ; and
'tis a common notion in thoſe parts, both of karned
and unlearned, that S:;ow was anciently the mother-
Church to Lincoln. The ſteeple of the Church
(tho' large ) has been much greater chan it is: and
Alfrick Puttock Archbiſhop of York An. 1023. when
he gave two great Bells to Beverley-teeple which he
had built, and two others of the ſame mold to Sourh-
well ; beltow'd two upon this Stow, Here is likewiſe
a place call'd yet by the name of Gallow-dele, ſupposd
to have been the place of execution for malefactors ;
which (among other marks of antiquity ) tho' it
have no relation to the affairs of the Church, is yet
a teſtimony to the eminence of the place. But there
is one. thing ſtill lies in our way : tor in the * Lives,
of the Biſhops of Lincoln, written by Giraldus, we. +
meet with theſe words: Remigims ſedem ſuam Cathe-
dralem & loco nimis incongruo & obſcuro ad urbem pre-
claram & locum competentem ſc. Lincolniam trans/erre
curavit : nec non & hoc quoque, quod Lyndeleiam totam
ab Humbro merino ad Withemam fiuvium qui Lincolni-
am permeat & penetrat per tants terrarum fpatia, contrs
adverſarium tantum tamque potentem, Metropolitanum (c.
Eboracenſem, mats quadam prudentia preditus, &
gratia quoque deſuper & divuinitzus adjutus, tam provin-
'f
£
__
4%\-
ci Cantuarienſi, quam & Dizceſi Lincolnienſi fabiluer
£que potenter adjecit. Now it ail Lindſey belong'd to
the Archbiſhop of York till Remigius's time, ( who
liv'd fince the Conqueſt;} the old Sidnacefter, united
afterwards to Dorcheſter, perhaps can hardly be
plac'd reaſonably within the.compa£s of that Diw!/ion.
Conts-
'£
a Þ
A Seale of Eight Alles
—_—_——_—
JSotd by Abel Sale Aronfham 6 Tohn Duerchill
49 30
ater al BY
A
iy.)
,
” ates
m/lev
o» New
{only
uh Aonall proery "
ONT.
C_
NOTTINGHAiMSHIRE
Continuation of the E AR LS.
F enny ground plentifully. $
After Henry Fiennes fon of Edward Lord High Ad- | flower'd Nettle- Hemp. About Spalding plentifully.
miral of England, the title of Earl of Lincoln was
ſacceflively enjoy'd by Thomas and Theophilas of the
ſame name. The latter of theſe was ſucceeded by
Edward Lord Clinton, his grandchild by his eldeſt
ſon Edward. At > noe 3 the right honourable Henry
0
Clinton is in poſſeflion of this title.
More rare Plants growing wild in Lincolnſhire.
Arciplex maritima, Halimus dia, humilis ereaa,
ſemine folliculis membranaceis bivalvibus, in latitu-
dinem expanſis & utrinque recurvis, longo pediculo | an Violet. In @ Park at Tatterſhall, and on the beathy
inſidentibus claulo. Near Sairbeck, s —_ e about a
mile diſtant from Boſton, plentifully. Dr. Plukenert.
Alſine Polygonoides tenuitolia, floſculis ad longi-
ſpoſitis. Polygonum
anguſtiflimo gramineo folio ereum. Bot. Monſp.
Chickweed- —— with wery narrow leaves, and flow-
tudinem caulis velut in ſpicam di
as it were in ſpikes.
ers ſet along the ſt
the ſea-ſide.
the pariſh of Quaplod near Spalding.
Deck. About Crowland, and in other places of the Fens,
Pneumonanthe Ger. Gentianella h
in the way to Hull.
Lindſey coaHt, plentifully.
— > —— — —— A
— > WS wo nd eo _ _—— ——<— — > C————_—_—— ee — — —________
HE County of Nottingham borders
upon that of Lincoln on the weſt,
but is of much lefs extent, call'd by
the Saxons * Snocrengabam-rcyne ,
by us Nottingbamſhire : bounded on
the north by Yorkſhire, on the weſt
on the ſouth by the County of Leiceſter. The ſouth
and eaſt parts are enrich'd by that moſt noble river
the Trent, and the rivulets which run into it. The
welt part is entirely took up with the foreſt of Shir-
wood, Which is very large. This part, becauſe it is
ſandy, the inhabitants call the Sand; the other, be-
caule it is clayiſh, they call- rhe Clay; and thus have
they divided their County into theſe two | (a)
| The Trent, in Saxon Tpeonra ( which fome Anti-
quaries of leſs note have call'd in Latin Trigints, from
ts affinity with that French word which is uſed to
ſignifie this number ) after it has run a long way *,
where it firſt enters into this County, paſles by Stean-
ford, where there are many * remains of Antiquity
yet extant, and many Roman Coyns found, as I am
informed ; and then by Clifton, which has given both
a ſeat and name to the ancient family of the Clifton: *.
n. Then it receives the little river Lin from the weſt,
which riſing near Newſted, i. &. a new place, where
formerly King Hen. 2. built a ſmall Monaſtery now
the ſeat of the Byrons, an ancient family, deſcended
irom Ralph de Buron, who in the beginning of the
=" Norman times flouriſh'd in great ſtate both in this
County and Lancaſhire: it runs near Wollaton, where
in this age Sir Francis #://ougbby Ke, out of oftenca-
tion to ſhow his riches, buile at vaſt charges a very
ſtately houſe, both for ſplendid appearance and the
curious workmanſhip of it. After this it waſhes Len
ton, formerly famous for a Monaſtery, built in ho-
nour of the Holy Trinity by William Peverel, the
natural ſon of King William the Conquerour ; at pie-
lent, only for the throng Fairs there. Where, on the
" Other fide, almoſt at the confluence of the Lin
and Trent, and upon the ſide of a hill, ſtands Notting- :
bam, which has given name to this County, and is
the chief town in it ; the word being nothing but a
loft contraction of Snorrenga-ham. For ſo the Sa-
Xons call'd it from the caves and paſlages under
by Derbyſhire, and in ſome parts by Yorkſhire; and
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
; which ſignifies the very ſame, namely, @ bouſe of dens.
'In reſpe& of ſituation, the town is very pleafanc :
there lie on this ſide toward the river very large mea-
dows ; on the other, hills of eafie and gentle alcen :
it is alſo JOY provided with all the neceſſaries
of life. On this fide, Shirewood lupplies them with
great ſtore of wood for fire, (tho' many burn p't-coal,
the ſmell whereof is offenſive,) on the other the
Trent ſerves them with fiſh very plentifully. Hence
this its barbarous verſe,
Limpida (ylua focum, || Triginta dat mihi piſcem.
Shirewood my fuel, Trent my filh ſupplies.
To wind up all ; by its bigneſs, building, three neat
Churches, an incomparable fine marker-place, and a
very ſtrong caſtle, the cown is really beautiful. The
Caſtle ſtands on the welt ſide of che city, upon an ex-
ceeding ſteep rock; in which very ſport that tower is
| believ'd to have been, which the Danes relying upon,
held out againſt the ſiege of Xthered and Alfred, cill
without efEaing
of the Mercians, ( as Aller fays* ) and the Mercians ſens
meſſengers to eAfthered King of the Weit-Saxons, and to
Alfred bis brother, humbly intreating that they would
aid them ; ſo that they __ gage the foreſaid army.
This requeſt they eaſily obrain'd. For the two brothers,
having drawn together a great army from all parts, with
as much di __ as they bad promisd, emter'd Mercia,
and march'd as far as Snottenga-ham, unanimuſty deſt-
ring to fight them. But when the Pagans refw'd to groe
them battel, ſecuring themſelves in the caſtle, and the Chri-
ſtians were not able to batter down the walls of the caſtle, a
peace was concluded between the Mercians and the Pagans,
en)
ground which the Ancients for their retreat and ha. |
{TT
— _ —_—
« Sm! ing aham-(cyre is it's name in our moſt ancienc Saxon Records.
either Roman or other Antiquity. lr's grcareſt ornament is a Church,
+ Whatever there was io our Author's time, 'ci$ not famous at preſent
lately repair'd and beautify'd at the charge at Thomas Lewes, the ſear
Patron thereof, «© See Florence of Worceltcr, An. 899. #« His crye name is Burkred, «© Floreace of Worcelter, Au. 859. cells us the {arae.
' And receiv/d into it's chanel the river Soaxc, running hither (Fom the County of Laicefter. * Much enrich'd 6y one of the heirs of Creſſy-
H
King.
Carum vulgare Park. Caraways. In the marſhes and
Cannabis ſpuria flore amplo, labio purpureo. Fair-
Cochlearia major rotundifolia. Garden Scuruygros.
In the marſhes in Holland, and in many other places near
Oenanthe Staphylini folio aliquatenus accedens
F- B. In the marſh ditches and flow ſtreams of water 1n
pathum folio acuto, flore aureo C. B. Gel.
utumnalis Pneu-
monanthe dia Park. Gentiana paluſtris anguſtifolia
C. B. Gentianz ſpecies, Calathina quibuſdam radice
perpetua ſeu paluſtris. F. B. Marſh Gentian or Calathi-
grounds thereabeut : alſo on a heath @ little beyond Wrauby
Rhamnus Salicis folio anguſto, frutu flaveſcente
C. B. Secundus Clufii Ger. emac. primus Diofcoridis
Lobelio five licoralis Park. Rkamnus vel Oleaſter
Germanicus F. B. Sallow-thorn. On the ſea-banks on
bitation mined under theſe ſteep rocks in the ſouth
part, toward the little river Lim. Hence Aſer ren-
| ders the Saxon word Snottengabam Speluncarum 4do-
mum in Latin, and in Britiſh it is © Tus 4 bauc,
j Trent.
any thing they roſe and {|retir'd.For j fs con
when the Danes had- got this caſtle, © Burthred King *amarin:
terwards Edward the Elder built the villzge —____ Bridgesford
+7 De dur
aris
868.
-
——
P—
433
PO ee an
— os Os te OA OO OS CE
King.
» Fmenda-
re habu:t.
1175.
Rog. Hove-
den, p. 397.
Mortimer's
Hule.
Pierpount.
The Baron
of Shclford.
Stoke.
Barrel of
droke 1447+
IW Ci,
Southwelt
Tio vyl-
Fingaceitcr.
'
Moreover, the water of Trent and the Fifi aike,
all looks after, that if any
and the way towards York were ,
* be might be amerc'd four
one hinder d ſhips from paſſing,
unds. As for the caltle w
_—O———
CORIT ANTI.
- I —— ” ms c- —O—_—
*—_
at
4
v
waſhes Langer, famous for its Lords the 7:brtors or)...
Tiptofts [ t ], who were afterwards Earls of Worce. r y
{ter ; and Wrverton, which from Heriz, a tamoivus man
hich now ſtands therc, in theſe parts formerly, went by the Brerrs and C,/.
- -
9s the founder and the bignels of it make it re- , zoſfs to the Chaworths, who take their name from th;« *
markable.
the Engliſh b]: by n
fo ſtrong (as William of Newburrow tells us) © That |
it ſeem'd invincible by any thing bur famine, prov1-
ded it had but a ſufficient garriſon in it”. Afterwards, |
Edward the fourth rebuilt it at great charge, and
adorn'd it with curious buildings, to which Richard
the third alſo made ſome additions, Nor has it ever |
in any revolution undergone the common fate ot
preat caſtles; for it was never taken by down-right
force, Once only it was belieg'd ( and that in
vain) by Henry of Anjou;
burnt down all the buildings about 1t.
alſo taken by ſurprize by Robert Count de Ferraris |
in the Barons war, who depriv'd the citizens of all |
they had. Thoſe of this caſtle tell many ſtories of |
David King of Scotland , a priſoner here, and ot |
Roger Mortimer Earl of March, taken by means of
a paſſage under ground, and afterwards hang'd, for
berraying his Country to the Scots for money, and
for other miſchiefs , out of an extravagant and valt
imagination deſign'd by him. In the firſt court of
this caltle we ſtill go down a great many ſteps with
candle-light into a vault under-ground, and rooms
cut and made out of the very ſtone; in the walls
whereof the ſtory of Chriſt's paſſion and other things
are engraven , by David the ſecond King of Scot. |
land, as they ſay, who was kept priſoner there. In
the upper part of the caſtle which ſtands very high |
upon the rock, I likewiſe went down many ſtairs into
another vault under-ground ; which they call Mort: |
mer's-hole, becauſe Roger Mortimer abſconded in it,
being afraid of himlelf, out of a conſciouſneſs of his
own guilt. As for poſition, this place is 5 degrees
in Latitude, and 22 degrees 14 minutes in Longi-
tude | Cc |.
From hence the Trent runs gently by Holme,nam'd
from the Lords Holme Pierpount, a noble and ancient
family, of whom Robert de Petr Ponte or Pterpount
was 74 mmon'd to fit among the Barons in Parliamenr
by Edward the third. Then to / Sbelford 3, the ſear
of the famous family of the Sranbops, Knights | d ],
whoſe ſtate and grandeur in theſe parts is great, and
their name eminent *. But it was formerly the Baro-
ny of Ralph Hanſelimm, by whoſe daughters ic came
to the Bardo/phs and Everinghams. Hence it goes to
Stoke a ſmall village ; but remarkable for no ſmall
ſlaughter: here John Dela — Earl of Lincoln, who
was deſignd for the Crown by Richard the
third, when he ſaw himſelf excluded from the
throne by Henry the ſeventh, rebelliouſly fought for
a counterfeit Prince againſt his lawful King, and
after a ſtout defence was cut off with his whole par-
ty. Not far from hence # ſtands Sourbwel a Collegi-
ate-Church of Prebendaries dedicated to the Virgin
Aary ; not very ſplendid I muſt confeſs, but ſtrong,
ancient, and famous. Paulinus,the firſt Arch-Biſhop
ot York, built it (as they write) after he had bap-
tiz'd the people of this Country in the river Trent.
From that time the Arch-Biſhops of York have had
a large Palace here, and three Parks adjoyning, well-
{tor'd with Deer. That this is that city which Bede
cails Tio wwl-Fingaceſter, T the rather believe, becauſe
chole things which he relates of Paulinus's baptizing
in the Trent near Tio-wul- Fingaceſter, are always ſaid
to have been done here,by the private hiſtory of this
Church [e; Hence Troin ine eaſt, the Sire, a ſmall
river,runs into the Trent ; which is but ſhallow, and
_G
For William the Norman built it to awe | Cadurc in France, and their pedigree from the Lords :. *
ature and art together it was | de Walcherwil. |
Ciar,
Now the Trent divides it felf +, and runs under ©
Newark, a pretty large town,ſo call'd,as it one {ſhould
lay, A new work, from the new caſtle , very pleaſan;
and curiouſly built,(as * Henry of Huntingdon velcribe;
it) by Alexander that muniticent Biſhop of Lincoln :
t}/bo ( to uſe the words of an old hiſtorian ,) being of
a wery liberal and gentile temper , built thu and another
caſtle at waſt expence. And becauſe buildings of this ng.
ture ſeem'd leſs agreeable to the charatter of @ Biſhop, t9
at which time the garriſon | extinguiſh the envy of them, and to expiate as it were
It was once | for that offence, he built an equal number of Monaſteriec,
and filld them with religiows ſocieties. However, the
extravagant profuſeneſs of this military Biſhop was
loon purſu'd with condign puniſhment. For King .....
Stephen, who had no better means to eſtabliſh the
linking fate of his kingdom, than by poſlefling him-
le'f ot all the fortify'd places, brought the Biſhop
to that pinch, by impriſonment and famine, that he
was forc'd to deliver up into his hands both this ca-
{tle, and that other at Sleford, There is no other 12114
memorable accident in this place, but that King John
ended the tedious courſe of an uneaſie life here -[g].
From hence the river uniting again flows diggctly
to the northward by many villages, but has heties
rematkab'le before it comes to Littleborrough, a (mall 1;
rown , and fo exaatly anſwerable to the. name; 4
whete, as there is at this day a ferry much .usd , fo
cy
| was there formerly that famous ſtation or abode,
which Antoninus twice mentions; variouſly read, in
ſome copies Agelocum, and in others Segelocury. For- ag
merly I ſought tor this place in vain hereabouts, but ” *
now I verily believe I have found it, both becauſe it ©
ſtands by the military way, and alſo becauſe the
marks of an old wall are ſtill diſcernable in the
neighbouring field, where many coins of the Ro-
man Emperours are daily found by the plow-men;
which are call'd Swines penies by the Country people, ****
becauſe they are oftneſt diſcover'd by the grubbing ©
of the Swine there. They alſo imagine , according
to their poor ſenſe of things, thar their forefathers
enclosd this field with a ſtone-wall, to keep the water
from overtlowing ic in the winter { h).
In the weſt part of this County ( call'd the Sand,)
where the Erwaſh, a ſmall river, runs toward the
Trent, we fee Strelley *, heretofore Strellegh , which $7
hath given a name and ſeat to the Srrellies Knights
(commonly call'd Sturly) one of the moſt ancient
and famous families ot this County. More inward
lyes Shirewood , which ſome interpret a clear wood, ***
others a femous wood ; formerly a cloſe ſhade, with
the boughs of trees ſo entangl'd in one another,
that a ſingle perſon could hardly walk in the paths of
it. Ac preſent it is much thinner, yet it ſtill feeds an
infinite number of Deer and branchy-headed Stages ;
and has ſome towns in it, whereof Mansfield is the Mars
chief, a very plentiful market ; the name of which is
made ule of tor an argument by ſome *, who aflert
the Antiquity of the family of Mansfe/d in Germany,
and chat the firſt Earl of Mansfeld was at the Celebra-
tion of the round Table with our Arthur ; and that
he was born here. Our Kings were formerly wont
to retire hither for theſake of hunting, and, that you
may have ir in thevery words of an old Inquiſition ,
Henry Fauconberge held the manowr of Cukeney #m* thu
County by Serjeanty , for ſhooing the King's horſe when be
came to Mansfeld ». Many ſmall rivers ſpring out of
- OO — — ———_—_—__
# In Domeſdzy Shelford.
tegh, and Stral'y.
3 Were Ralph Hanſclin founded a Fricry, and the Lords Randolphs had a manſion, but new the ſeat of &c.
f 1s Thirgarton, where Sir Ralph D'ieincourt founded a Pr:
of Mallovel.
an ancient £a5itacion of the Suttons, Gentlemen of reſpettsve worth.
HAljjrants. *5 #ho
of 1hus toreſt of Shirewood were men in their times 0
Kins, by whoſe heir it came to the Everinghams.
were marry'd 110 the houſe; of Sutton of Averham and Markham.
s Dr. Theroton is of opinion, that he only repair'd ir. See p.197.Hiſt. Nottinghamſhire.
—_—
4 Otherwiſe call'd $:r44-
- 4 Since they match'd with an hr
, and ſomewhat higher Southwell,&c. © Near Averham or Aram,
| | 7 Ana King Eraward the ſixth incorporated it of one Alderman, and twe:t
clineat e the pedigree of the Graves of the great family of Mansfield in Germany. 4 "y
f high eſtimation, viz. Sir Gerard de Normanvile, in the time of the Conqueſt the Caunes ana Sit-
70 7 which family Sir Adam Everingham was ſummon'd to Farliaments in the reigns of King £6 7:
ana King Eaw. 3. At which time they were ſeated at Laxton anciently calfd Lexinton, where alſs ears
9 And the hereditary Fereſlers or Keep:
fleuriſt'd a griat family ſo frnan'd , whe 07:
this -
[215
0 3/
w__
wh l
4am. given name to the Markbams, a family very famous
116 the weſtward ſtands Horkenſop , known for its great
ce. produce of liquorice, and famous for the Earl of
—
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
486
Y.
this wood, and run towards the Trent ; the chief of
chem is [d/e, upon which near [dleton in the year 616,
the great ſuccels and fortune of Erhered,a moſt potent
King of the Northumbrians, ſtopp'd and fail'd him.
For whereas he had formerly always fought with
great ſucceſs, here his fortune vary'd, and he was
cut off, being defeated by Redwaid King of the Ealt |
Angles, who ſet Edwin { excluded then and depriv'd
of the throne of his Anceſtors ) over Northumber-
land. The courſe of this lictle river lyes at no great
diſtance from Markham a ſmall village ; buc yer it has
heretofore both for antiquity and virtue '* ; the great-
eſt ornament of which was J. Markham , who was
Lord Chief Juſtice of England, and temper'd his
Judgments with ſo much equity (as you may read in
the Hiſtories of England) that theg of him will
never periſh in after ages'. Six mi <A hence to
Shrew: bury's houſe there, buile in this age by George
Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury, with magnificence be-
coming the ſtate of fo great an Earl, and yet not to
contract ay. To the Talbots it came with a great
inheritance from the Lowerofts firſt Lords of it in the
Norman times, by the Eurnivals and Newils.Of theſe
Lowetofts , G, Loveroft in Henry the firſt's time built
a Monaſtery here ; the ruins of which are ſtill to be
ſeen among very pleaſant meadows, on the Eaſt-ſide
of the town : but the Weſt-part of the Church is yet |
remaining with twotowers,very fair and beautiful i,
A lictle higher upon the ſame river I ſaw 'Blithe , a
noted market-town , which was forcify'd with a ca-
ſtle (as I was inform'd) by, Bulley or Buſly, a Noble-
man of Norman extra& ; but at this day, hardly the
ruins of it are viſible ; ſo deſtruRive is age to every
ching. But the little Monaſtery there was built b
Roger Buſly and Foulk de Liſiewrs, and this is almo
the laſt town of Nottinghamſhire to the Northward ,
unleſs it be Scroby, a lictle town belonging to the
Arch-Biſhop of York , ſeated in the very edge of
it,
William, firnam'd the Conquerowr, made his natural Lords and
lon William Peverel ruler of this County, noc by
the title of Earl, but Lord of Nottingham ;
arls of
Notting-
who had ham.
a fon that dy'd during the life of his father ; and he ———
likewiſe a fon of the ſame name,depriv'd of his eftate Muth. Pa-
by Henry the ſecond, for preparing a doſe of poyſon
ril.p.126.
See the
tor Ranulph Earl of Cheſter. About the ſame time Earle of
Robert de Ferraris, who plunder'd Nettingbam , us'd
this cicle in the gitt he made to the Church of Turreſ:
Derby.
Marth. Pa-
rif.p.204.
bury, Robert the younger Earl of Nottingham. Put after- 7s Yes
wards, King Richard the firlt gave and confirm'd to faq's Ric.s.
his brother John the County and Caltle of Notting-
ham, with the whole Honoar of Peverell, Long after
that, Richard the ſecond honourd Fobn de Mowbray
with this title, who dying young and without iſſue,
his brother Thomas ſucceeded him ; who by Richard
the ſecond was created Earl Mar(bal and Duke of
Norfolk ; and being baniſh't immediately after , he
begat Thomas Earl Marſhal, beheaded by Henry che
fourth, and Foby Mowbray, who ( as allo his fon
and grandlon ) was Duke cf Norfolk and Earl
of Nottingham. But the iſſue male of this family
failing, and Richard the infant-fon of Edward the
fourth, Duke of York , having enjoy'd this citle
among others ** for a ſmall time; Richard the third
honour'd Wil;am Marqueſs of Barkley , and Henry
the eighth } Arg Henry Fitz-Roy his natural fon '*,
who both dy'd without iſſue, with this ticle of Ear!
of Nottingham. | And lately in 1597. Queen Eliza-
beth folemaly inveſted Charles Howard, High Admi-
ral of England, (who is deſcended from the Mow-
brays) with this honour, for his ſervice (as the Char-
ter of his creation has it) ſo ſtoutly and faithfully
perform'd by Sea againſt the Spaniard in the year
1588.and his taking of Cadiz in the year r596.he then
commanding by yea, as the Earl of Eſſex did by
i He dy'd (as 2ppears from an inſcription in Markham-Church) of S. Silveſter's day, An. D. 14092.
12 Being deſcended from one of the heirs of Creſly , and formerly from ax heir of Lexinton, «s 1 lately ſhea'd
the Mowbraie;.
'2 When ha created bim Dake of Richmond.
" By ki wife, tht har of
There are 168 Pariſ6-Churches in thu County.
— — o — -
tt,
— —_— On" III
w———-
ADDITIONS to NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
HE Antiquities of this County were pub-
liſh'd An. 1677. by: Robert Thoroton, Door
of Phyſick, a native of it, with great
accuracy and exatneſs. But keeping cloſe
to the deſcent of families and poſleflions of eſtates
(in which he has ſhown a great curioſity ) Mr.
Camden and he have carry'd on two very different
deligns. Had he given himfelf the liberty of ma-
king digreflions upon Britiſh, Roman, and Saxon An-
tiquities, (as Mr. Burton in his hiſtory of Leiceſter-
ſhire has done ;) his —_— muſt -needs have diſco-'
ver'd a great many things of that nature, which might
have been of conſiderable uſe cowards the improve-
ment of Camden. Since then' he has cankin'd him-
ſelf to the buſineſs of poſſeſſions , for thoſe matters I
refer the Reader thither, where he may have ample
latisfation ; and will go
that part of Antiquity whic
touch'd upon.
[a] Going out of Leiceſterſhire, the Foſ-way (which
- the beſt, if not the only dire&tion for what we
principally look after) leads us into the South-part
this County
he has principally
along with: our Author in.
of
, and carrys us along the Eaſt of ic whe
Rwcliff, juſt upon the South-edge of this County,may
pretend to ſomething of Antiquity. For it Iyes near
the' Fo, and in a field belonging to it are the ruins
(as the inhabitants ſay) of a town call'd Long- Billing-
ton, which has been long ſince demoliſh'd. Here-
abouts the plow-men and ſhepherds commonly
ather up coins of the Romans, in great num-
ay And its diſtance from Caer-lerion , i. e. Lei-
ceſter, and from YVernomerum or Burrough-hill,(being
9g. miles from each ) adds to the confirmation of
it. All which pur together , would temp us co be-
lieve that this had been a Roman ſtation.
vale of Befvoir, and cherein through the held of E2#7-
Bridgford, or Bridgford on the Lil}, in which are (till
| The Old-1ark-ſpring ; and the field in Bridgford, in
which part of this camp lyes, is calld to this day
Burriwfield. Mr. Foxcroft allo, Rector of 1:verby in
Eeiceſterſhire (to whoſe diligence the dilcovc. y of
thoſe places is in a great meaſure owing ) aflures me
that he has ſeen a fair ſilver coin of YVeftaſran which
was found there, and that others are ſometimes
Lincolnſhire.
notice of it, the beſt ſervice that probably
And becauſe Mr. Camden has taken no
can be,
plough'd up by the inhabicants of that town. What
further contirms the conjecture of a [tation here, is its
done here, will be to ſet down ſach remains of An-;' diſtance from #loughbby of abour 8 miles, and near
tiquity as have been diſcover'd; and fo fill up
). Lincoln.
And firſt F/illewzbby on the Wold, in the Hundred of indeed lyes above a mile f
that the ſame ſpace from Long-Collingham,abour 3 miles be-
in the road which is between Leiceffer and yond Newark ; near which in a large field there is
The Fofþ-road
rom it , but it receives au-
thoricy
fome reafon to fix another ſtation.
H h 2
the remains of a Roman ſtation near a ſpring call'd”
From hence the Fof paſſes North-eaſt chrough the Eaſt Bridg-
orG.
”
——
—
” 2” ———
choricy enough from ſeveral of Conſtantine's Coins
which have been found there, as well as irs diſtance
from Lincoln ( viz. 9 miles ) where was another |
Station. |
By this means (if theſe conjectures may be atlow'd |
any colour of truth, as I ſee no great objection lies
againſt them ) thar vaſt breach between Lerceſter and
Lincoln, along the Foſle, is pretty well piec'd up.
From Leiceſter to Willoug bby, 9 miles ; from Willough-
by to Eait Bridpford, about g miles; from thence to
Long-Collingham 9 miles ; and from hence to Lincoln,
9 more.
Having foilow'd the Foſſe thus far toward the
North, for the more convenient clearing of this
point ; we are drawn a little out of our road, and
mult return to the ſouth part, from whence now the
Trent eſpecially muſt dire& our courle.
And firſt we meet with Sreanford, or Stanford,
which, whatever ic had in our Author's time, at pre-
ſent ſhews nothing of Antiquity. It's greateſt orna-
ment is a Church lately repair'd and beautify'd at
the expence of Thomas Lewes Eſquire, the preſent
Patron thereof. It's neighbour Clif:on has been the
inke1itance of a family of that name for above 600
years, as is evident from an Inſcription upon a mo-
nument in the Chancel.
[b] Next is Nottingham. Mr. Camden expreſly
ſays, that William the Conquerour built the Caltle
there, to keep in order the Engliſh: but Dr. Thoro-
ton, who was no doubt a better judge in that mat-
ter, is altogether poſitive that it was buile by Peverell
He was baſe ſon to William the Conquerour ; and it
appears that he had licence from the King to include
Io acres (ad faciendum pomerium) thereabouts, which
after the foreſt meaſure contains above 50 Stattite
acres; and that, it ſeems,is near the proportion of the
old park of Nottingham. Beſides, there 15 no men-
tion of it in Domeſday, which was made the year be-
fore the Conquerour's death ; and therefore 'tis pro-
bable his ſon built it by a commiſſion from him.
While ic was in the hands of the Earl of Rutland,
many of the good buildings were pulld down, and
the iron and other materials ſold ; yet in the begin-
ning of the Civil wars K. Charles 1. made choice of
it as the fitteſt place for ſetting up his Royal Stan-
dard, about Aug. 2. A. D. 1642. Shordy after, it
became a Gariſon for the Parliament, and in the end
of the war, Orders were given to pull it down ; but
it was not quite demoliſh'd. Since King Charles 2.'s
return, the Duke of Buckingham ( whoſe mother
was only daughter and heir of Francis Earl of Rut-
land ) fold it to the Marquifs of New-Coſthe, after-
wards Duke, who in 1674. began to clear the foun-
dations of the old tower, and hath ereted a moſt
ſtately fabrick in the place of part of it. So
Lreanſurd,
Notting-
ham.
LD RAT AHN TI
A MAAC ers A ACA AAA CG AO ED EO Io oe =_
| Talbot for ſome reaſons was inclin
much for the Caſtle. What the preſent condition
Coll
Rex Henricus 8. 2 reſtauravit
Iluſtriffimus I543-
Regina Elizabetha'd fſancivit
Religioſiflima 1584.
Monarcha Jacobus} ftabilivic
Przpotentiflimus 1604
yo
© Frum
hence it is
commanly
call'd Lee:-
prdar.
Reges & Repinz erunt nutrices tuz.
Hanc
egiatam & Parochialem Eccleſiam
Religiola Antiquitas
Fundavit.
Edwardo Lee Archiepiſcopo
2 Ebor. piiffimo. Fpetenee:
Edwino Sandys
7] Ebor. digniffimo
ſfenrico Howard, Comite Northam
tonienſi prenobiliflimo
A Domino factum eſt iſtud':
Da gloriam Deo
Honorem Regi.
Sint ſicut Oreb 8 Zeb, .& Zebe & Salmana
qui dicunt poflideamus Sanctuarium Dei.
PlaLl 83. 17. |
Det Deus hoc ſanAunifanRis; ſit ſemper Aſylum
Exulis, Idolatras ſacrilegbſque ruat.
* Gervaſ Lee
In piam gratimque Mzcenatum memoriam
- poluit
1608.
43
_ — - —
of the town may be, is beſide my buſineſs to en-
quire ; only I cannot omit the mention ot an Alms-
houſe there for 12 poor people, which was built and
endow'd with 100 1. per An. by Henry Hanley Eq.
Not far from Nottingham lies Lenton, which * Mr. ,,,..
d to believe * tun,
the ancient Lindum of Antoninus. I take it for '**«
granted, it was the affinity of the ewo names whi-h
firſt led him to this conjeure, and that drew him to
other fancies which might ſeem in any wiſe to con-
firm his opinion. As, that the river which runs
through Nottingham into Trent, is at ihis day call'd
Lin or rather Lind ; but then Lenton lying at a pretty
diftance from it, he is forc'd to back it with this
groundlefs imagination, that Lenton might be ſome-
times part of Norringham ; tho? they be a mile aſun-
der one from the other. What he fays in defence of
Lenton, why the old town mighe poſlibly be there,
is very true ; that it « a thing frequently obſerV/d, that
famous towns have degenerated into little villages, and
chat therefore its preſent meanneſs is no objeRtion
againſt it: but then it can derive no authority from
the river Lm or Lind. Beſides, the obſcurity of a
place is really a prejudice to its antiquity, unleſs the
diſcovery of camps, coyns, bricks, or ſome ſuch remains,
demonſtrate its former eminence. Nothing that he
has ſaid in favour of this opinion , taken trom di-
ſtances and ſach like, is of force enough to draw it
from Lincoln.
Act a little diſtance from hence, there ſtands in a
large field a Church with a fpire-ſteeple, call'd Flaw. Flair
ford Church, the burying-place of Reddington a great
Country-town above a mile weſt from it. But
this having a large Chapel of irs own, the Church is
the more neglected, and has much rubbiſh in it.
Among it there have been many ancient. monuments,
no doubt of great note formerly. Some conſiderable
ones are yer remaining both in the chancel and
ſouth-iſle ; part whereof ſeem to imply that the per-
ſons to whom they belong have been engag'd in the
Holy War. North-eaſt from whence is 4ſlakvon, fa-
mous for the birth of Thomas Cranmer, Archbiſhop of
Canterbury.
[d] A little more northward ſtands Shelford, men- Soft
tiow'd by Mr. Camden as the ſeat of the Stanbops. In
the Civil wars it was a pariſon for the King, and
commanded by Colonel Philip —_— a younger
ſon to Philip the firſt Earl of Cheferfield ; which be-
ing taken by ſtorm, he and many of his ſouldiers
were therein ſlain, and the houſe atterwards burnt.
[E] Direly towards the north, upon-the-weſt-
ſide of the river, is Southwel, where I cannot but S""
take notice of an inſcription upon a pillar.in that
Church, both becauſe I do nor obſerve it fet down
"= Dr. Thororon, and alfo becauſe it contains a fort
hiſtorical account of that place.
3
.
b,
mr piopoT intercedente :
P- Emediante
—C—
Sold UTIL Wl
1 & LD
2% | Hand of Tins from Lonke Fe \V
\
Sheakelddi 4
OR KRSHIRE
1:
; Hanley 7
"Cq—1mberfi
" £ Wa |
—_— SUIRE
- I © Tb hptey JB Coal
ner 76 $.3,\ \
>; ws B7owel
HEADS
RE end LEICESTER
P TIN GTONSE
—_—_—
T
| bed to Littleborrough, which Camden tells us, upon
. Agelocum,or Segelocuns. The place at which he ſays he
". formerly ſought it, a
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
From this town the family of the Sourbwells took \ of our Author's conjeQture ; and to reconcile Agelo-
their name,and were anciently ſeated here. For men- | cum and Segelocum, has in eniouſly rank'd theſe ewo
tion is made in the + Records, of Sir Simon Soutbwell
under Hen. 3. of Sir Fob» under Edw. 1. and of ſe-
veral others, down to Hen. 6. when they ſpread
themſelves into Norfolk and S»folk. In the reign of
Charles 2. Sir Robert of that name went into Gloce-
ſterſhire, where he is now ſeated at Kmps-weſton.
Cf] The next place is Langer, which Camden
mentions, as eminent for the Lords of it, the Tiberors ;
where we are to obſerve, that this name has had no
relation to that place ſince the time of Edw, 3. For
in the 46. year of his reign, Robert, the laſt of che
Tibetots, dying without heir-male z the cuſtody of all
his lands, and the care of his three daughters, were
committed to Richard le Scrope; and he marrying
Margaret, the eldeſt, to his fon Roger, brought that
ſeat into the name of the Lords Scropes, wherein it
continu'd down to Emanuel, who was created Earl of
Sunderland, 3 Car. r. But he having no iſſue by his
wife Elizabeth, that and the reſt uf his eſtate was
ſettl'd upon his natural iſſue ( three daughters; ) and
Amnabella, the third of them ( to whoſe ſhare this
manour fell in the diviſion ) marrying Fobn Howe,
ſecond fon of Sir Fobn Howe of Compton in Gloce.
{terſhire, brought 1t into that name.
On the weſt-ſide of Trent, not far from the river
Idle, ſtands Tuxford, where Charles Read Eſquire built
2 curious Free-ſchool, and endow'd it with Fo /. per
an. The like he did at Corby in Lincolnſhire, and
Drax in Yorkſhire ; to which laſt he added a hoſpi-
tal, and endow'd that alfo with go /. per an.
[h} Returning to the courſe of che river, we are
prefix'd an S or Sibilws, and ſometimes omitted ir.
So (lays he) they call d the Alpes, with in Lycophron's
Caſſandra we find writren Saxms : and they who are
call 4 Aurilsr Infule by Dionyſixs the Periegetes, the
ſame in Strabo are Sauvilay ; | ing im the Britiſh Sea.
Salamantica of Spam s calld h Polybius Auarma, and
Czſar's Suefliones, in Ptolemy are Ovicnris. To atd one
common Noun out of Dioſcorides, what m Virgil's Eclogues
x Saliunca, i him « daivyyia : or ratber take the whole
Place ont of bim. *'H 5 Kian vdgh@- JurdTar wi &s hls
rg]t Aiſvelas "Aman, emyuelns evounT hin daiyyta.
[ i ] Onthe north-weſt ſide of this County, about
a mile and a half from Yorkenſop, is Welbeck- Abbey,
now a very noble building, ſeated in the loweſt part
of a fine park ſurrounded with trees of excellent tim-
ber; and was the ſeat of 1/3liam and Henry late Dukes
of New-Caſtle.
bey of Rughford ; now the noble and pleaſant ſeat of
George Marquifs of Hallifax.
Contmuation of the EARLS.
Charles Howard ( mention'd by our Author ) dy-
ing An. 1624. was ſucceeded by his ſecond ſon
Charles ; William the elder dying before him without
ifſue-male. This Charles was ſucceeded by a ſon of
his own name, who was likewiſe ſecond fon, Fame:
the elder dying unmarry'd. At preſent the title is
enjoy'd by the righe honourable Daniel Finch, late
Secretary of State.
ſecond thoughts, he's fully ſatisfied is Antoninus's } More rare Plants growing wild in Nottinghamſhire.
Caryophyllus minor repens noftras. An Betonica
coronaria, ſive. caryophyllata repens rubra F. B.
ver [dle; to which he was induc'd partly by its di- | Purple creeping mountain Pink. By the roads fide on the
ſtance from Lindum, and partly becauſe he imagin'd | ſandy bill you aſcend going from Leriton to Nottingham,
it mighe be an eaſie ſlip/ of the Librarian to write | plemifully ; and ini other ſandy ground! in this County.
Apelocums for Adelocwm, which latter is not unlike | Gramen tremiſur medium elatius, albis glumis
the preſem name of it. Talbot is for Awlerron in | non deferiptuni. Said ro grow in 4 hollow lane |
Sherwood, and Fulk ( contrary to Antoninus, who | Peaſely and Manffield by P. B. I have not feen tha fort of
makes it diſtant from Lindum r4 miles at leaſt) for | graf my ſelf, nor do I mach rely on the aithority of this
Azle, almoſt ſix miles from that place. Dr. Thoro- | book : only I propoſe it to be ſearched out by the crrions.
ton ſeems inclin'd to reduce ir to the bank of the | - Glycyrrhiz1 vulgaris Ger, emac.' Commoti Engliſh
river Idle, where Eaton ſtanding, upon that account | Liquorice. It is playted and cultiuatell for ſale at Work-
may as well be call'd 1dleton ; and 14 or 74 in the | ſop in this County : which Camden alſo takes notice of.
Britiſh fignifying corn, as 74lan denotes a granary, | Lychnis ſylveſtris alba nona Cluſii Ger. evjac. mon-
there may ſeem to be ſome affinity berween that and | cana viſcoſa alba latifolia C. B. Sylv. alba five Oci-
Segelocurn, as if it were @ place of corn. But then it is | moides minus album Park. Polemonium perrzum
ſcarce fair to bring it to- [d/eto» upon the likeneſs in | Gelneri F. B. White wild Catchfly. ' On the walls of
found with Adelocur ; and afterwards to ſerrle it there | Nertingham caſtle, and on the gromads thereabout.
upon 2 nearneſs in ſgnification to Segelocum ; one of | V verulentum flore Juteo parvo F. B.
which readings muſt be falſe, and by conſequence | Hoary Mullein with ſmall flowers. About Wollerron-hall,
not both to be made uſe of as true, to confirm the | the ſear of my honoured friend Sir Thomas Willughby
fame thing: Upon the whole, Mr, Burton approves | Baronet.
rs from his edition of 1594.
to have been [dleton, ſeated upon the bank of the ri-
DERBYSHIRE,
and ſouth parts- are” well culrivated, pretty fruieful,
and have many parks in them. The welt pare be-
yond the Derwent, call'd Peake, is altogether rocky,
rough, mountainous, and conſequently barren ; yet
rich in lead, iron, and coal , and pretty convenient
for feeding ſheep.
The firſ thing we meet with remarkable" in the
N the Weſt of Nottinghamſhire
lies the County of Derby, in Saxon
Deonbi-rcype, commonly Derbyſhire,
which is bounded on the —
Leiceſterſhire, on the welt by Sta
ſhire, ont the north by Yorkſhire;
in the form (as it were) of a triangle, but not equi-
lateral. For from the ſouth point of it, where 'tis
hardly fix miles broad, it grows ſo wide on both
ſides, that towards the north, it is about thirty miles
In laticude; Ir is divided into two parts: by the
courſe of the river Derwent thro' the middle of it,
which riſing in the north edge of it, flows with its
black warers'( fo colour'd by the foil ir runs thro! )
burhward to the Trent : For the Trent crofles through
the fourh point I did but now mention. The eaſt
with the little-Monaſtery of Se. vs there, was
formerly built by the Lords a—_— 0
pedigree from William fon of Ni
Greifchey and have continu'd flouriſhing, from the time
of the Norman Conqueſt to this very day, in great
honour ; which they did not a little encreaſe oog
ago by marrying the daughter and heir of that anct-
ent family De Goſteneys. Upon the river Doe
| evers
South corner is: Grti/ch-caſtle , # meer ruin , which Gi
— OO ,.v 3 ao >— — ”— —_—_— —— — -
amongſt the words, to which the Romans ſometimes
Welbeck-
Abbey.
And about 6 miles eaſt from hence, ſtood the Ab- Rughtford-
Abbey.
l1y-
(Te,
derive their TÞ: fimily
Nigell, ſirnam'd de Greifleys.
—— - — -- -- _ _ - — — _—
ſevers this Corn'y from Staffordſhire till ſuch time as
it runs into the Trent, there is nothing 10 be ſeen
bur Country-villages, and Aſbburne a market-rown,
where the fiemily of the Cockarns have long flouriſh'd;
and Norbury, where that noble and particulary anci-
ent family the Fitz-11:rberrs have long iivd, of whom
was Anthony Fiz Herbert, liighly deferving for his
great knowledge of the Common-Law. Not much
diſtant from this place ſtands $hir/ey, the old eſtate of
The family that famous family the Sbirleys , delcended trom one
of the Shir-
leys.
Meclborn.
Fulcher ; and beſides the amiquity of their family,
much honour'd and enrich d by marriages with the
heirs of the Breoſes, Baſſets of Brailesford , Stantons,
Lowetts, Ofc. Here are many places round about
which have given both name and ſeat to famous fa-
milies ; namely Longford, Bradburne, Kniveton, from
whence the Knivetons of Marcaſton and Bradley, of
whom is S. Low Kniveton, to whole ſtudy and dil.
gence I am much indebted; alſo Keide//on,where the
Curſons, as they likewiſe do at Croxton, dwell * ; Rad-
burne, where John Chandos Kt. to whom this place
belongs, laid the foundation of a great houſe; trom
whom by a daughter thiseſtate heredicarily deſ-end-
ed to the Poles, who live here at this day. But I will
leave theſe particulars to one who deſigns to give us
a compleat deſcription of this County. |
Upon the Trent where it receives the Dove, ſtands
Repandunum, (lo our Hiſtorians call it, ) but the Sax-
ons name it © Þnepanoun, and we at this day Repron ;
which from a large town is now dwindP'd into a ſmall
village. For heretofore it was very famous, both for
the burial of «Z£:belbald that excellent King of the
Mercians, (who loſt his life by the treachery of his
own ſubjects,) and the other Mercian Kings ; and
allo for che misfortune of * Burthred the laſt King of
the Mercians,who after a reign of 20 years(continu'd
by the precarious means of ſolicitation and bribe-
ry )was here dethron'd by the Danes ; or rather forc'd
from the pompous miſery of reigning ; which may
ſhew us how weak and (lippery thoſe high places are,
that are barely held and ſupported by mony {a }.
Afffeer this, not far from the Trent, ſtands Melborn ;
a caſtle of the King's now decaying , whete' Fob
Duke of Bourbon, taken priſoner in the battel of A-
gincourt, was kept nineteen years ih cuſtody of Ni-
cholas Montgomery the younger. Scarce five miles from
hence, to the Northward, lies the courſe of theriver
Derwent, which ( as I already obferv'd ) riſing from
Peak-bills in the North-border of this County, flows
{or about thirty 'miles (ſometimes rough and daſh'd
by a ſtony paſſage, ſometimes gliding through
meadows) almoſt in a ſtreight line to the South. Yet
in all this long courſe there is nothing entertainingup-
on it, beſides Chatteſworth, a houle really large, neat,
and admirable;which was begun by Sir William Candiſh
or Cavendiſh Kt. deſcended from chat noble and anci-
ent family de Gernen in Suffolk, and lately finith'd at
great expence by his wife Elizabeth, a moſt famous
Lady, at preſent Counteſs of Shrewsbury.
Now where the Derwent turns its courſe to the
eaſtward, and pafles by Litrle-Cheſter, i. e. a little ci-
ty, where old Roman coins are ofcen dugg up, ſtands
Derby, in Saxon Nopthpopthig, and in Daniſh (as
that ancient writer Erbelwerd tells us ) Deoraby , the
chief town of this Shire,which derives its name from
the Derwent upon which it ſtands, and gives ir to this
County. The town is neat, pretty large and well
inhabited ; on the eaſt part of ic the river Derwent
runs very ſweetly with a full and brisk ſtream under
a fair ſtone bridge, upon which ſtands a neat © Cha-
pel (now negleRed)formerly built by our pious An-
ceſtors. | The South-part of the town is croſs'd by a
lictle clear river which they call Mertenbroke. Ic
has five Churches in it; the greateſt of chem, dedica-
ted to: All-Saints, -has a ſteeple particularly famous
both for height and workmanſhip. Here the Coun-
— —— - —
ZCORIGUSNT
teſs of Shrewsbury before-n:ention'd, diſtruſting to
the affe&tion of her heirs , providently built her ſelf
a Sepulchre, and piouſly founded an Hoſpital juſt by,
for the maintenance of 12 poor peop'e, namely, 8
men and tour women. This place was formerly me.
morable for being a harbour to the plundering
Danes, till Erbelfleda, that viRtorious Gove: nels of the
Mercians, by ſurprize took it, and put them to the
(word. - In Edward the Confeſlors time (as it is in
Domeſday) there were 143 Burgeſſes in ic; which
number was ſo much leſſen'd, that in William the
hrit's reign, there were only 100 remaining. Theſe at
the feaſt of S. Martin paid twelve * trabes of corn to the Ti:
King. Irs reputation at preſent proceeds from the 7,"
Afſtzes for the County held there, and from the ex- cu
cellent good Ale brew'd in it; a word deriv'd from Ti: ie
the Daniſh Oe! , and not from Alica, as Ruellius ſays. *'**
The Britiſh expreſs'd it by the old word Kwrw, for i...
which Curm is falſly read in Dioſcorides, when he «1
lays that the Britanm and the Hiberz (perhaps he i..'q
means Hiberni) drank Curmi , a liquor made of bar- **«
ley, inſtead of wine. For this is our Barley-wine,
which Julian the Apoſtate ingeniouſly calls, in an
Epigram of his, Tlveeywi , x; Begwor s Beduor, i E,
Spicigenam Bromon, not Bromium, This is the anci-
ent and peculiar drink of the Engliſh and the Bti-
tains, very wholeſom ; notwithſtanding Henry of
Auraunches the Norman , Poet-laureat to King
Henry the third, plays uponic ſmartly in theſe verles ;
Neſcio quod Stygia monſtrum conforme paluds,
Cerwifiam plerique vocant : ml ſpiſſies illa
Dum bibitur, ml clarins eſt dum mM1INgirur, wnde
Conſt at quod mult as feces in ventre relinguit.
Of chis ſtrange drink fo like the Stygian lake,
Men call it Ale, I know not what to make.
They drink ic thick and pifs it wondrous thin ;
What ſtore of dregs muſt needs remain within ?
However, the moſt learned man in France does not Tb
queſtion bur men that drink chis liquor, if they avoid ©
excels, will live longer than if they drank wine ; and
that thisis the cauſe,why ſome among us that drink ale
live to the age of an hundred years. Yet Aſclepiades
in Plutarch aſcribes this longevity to the coldnefs of
the climate which preſerves the natural heat of our
bodies, when he tells us of the Britains living 129
years.
However, the wealch of this town does in a great
meaſure depend upen a certain kind of retail-rrade,
which is to buy corn and fell it again to the high-
land countries ; for the town conſiſts wholly in a
manner of theſe ſort of Merchanes (b]
Not far diſtant from hence the courle of the river ;;.1
Derwent lyes through that place where Ralph de Mont- Miz)
J2y had lands in Edward the firſt's reign; and then
it runs by Elwafton, where was born Walter Blunt,
who was raisd by Edward the fourth to the dignity
of Baron of Montjoy *; whole poſterity have equall'd
the glory of their deſcent and family by the orna-
ments of learning ; and particularly above the
reſt, Charles now Earl of Devonſhire, Baron of Mont-
joy, Lord-deputy of Ireland, and Knight of the
Garter, ſo eminent for his virtue and learning, that
no one is preferable,and but few comparable to him in
thoſe reſpects. Below this place,the Derwent runs into
the Trenr,which ſoon after receives Erewaſh, the boun-
dary between this and Nottinghamſhire, in this part.
Upon this ſtands Rely which belongs to the Wi
loughbys, of whom as I have heard, was that Sir Hugh
Willowgbby Ke. who in diſcovering the frozen Sea near
IWardbous in Scandia , was ſtarvd to death, wich his 15j
whole company. Near this too ſtands Sendiacre, Or.
as others would have it , Sain# Diacre , the ſeat of
(oe noble family the Greys of Sandiacre, whoſe eſtate 6)"
came to Edwaid Hilary in right of his wife ; his *
—
Ce
« Fr is the true name. * Hiz right name is Burhred, «© It is dedicated t>S. Mary ; and in the time of King Charles 2. when be
ranted Liberty of Conſcience, it was a little repair'd and made a Meeting-hozje tor ſome time ; it is tince new-builr, and converted into a Dye-
w/e.
: But whether Sir Robert Curſon, Knighted by King Henry 7. and created # Baron of the Empire by the Emyrrour Maximilian, A. D. 1500 on tht
account of bis ſingular alour ; on whom alſo King Henry 8. in like maxner conferr'd the title of 8 Baron of Englund , aſſigning to him a liberal penj10n
ere \beſcenried om theſe
Si T
ons, 1 dare not * With a penſion.
ſon
ws
& 41s
north, Codenor, heretofore Coutenoure, a caſtle which
. Azure. Which very Coat the Muſards 3, Barons of
<< - --
DERBYSHIRE”
_—
ſon took the name of Grey; one of whoſe daughters
and heirs fome few years after was marry'd to Sir
Fobn Leak Kr. the other to fobn Welſh.
On the Eaſt-ſide there ſucceed in order, to the
did belong to the Barons Greys, ftild Lords
Grey of Codenor, whoſe eſtate in the laſt age came
by marriage to the Zouches ; for John de la Zouch
the ſecond fon of William Lord de la Zouch of Ha.
ringworth, marry'd Elizabeth heireſs to Henry Grey ,
the laſt Lord of Codenor. Winfeld, a very rich ma-
nour, where Ralph Lord Cromwel, in the reign of
Henry the ſixth, built a very ſtately houſe, contider-
ing that age. Then Alfreton, which is believ'd to
have been buile by King Aled, and fo denominated
from him. Ir has likewiſe had its Lords nam'd de
Alfreton from it; of whom the fecond, Robert ,
the ſon of Ranulph, buile the little Monaſtery de Belo
Capite, commonly Beauchief, in the remoteſt angle of
this County. But a few years after, for default of
heirs-male their eſtate wene with ewo daughters to
the family of the Cadurci, or Chaworths , and to the
Lathams in the County of Lancaſter. Their Arms
were two Cheverons (as they call them) Or, n a Shield
Staveley in this County, bore likewiſe, but with diffe-
rent colours ; who in the reign of Edward the firſt,
heretofore ; for the hunting and taking of which,
lome held lands here at Y/ormbill , from wizence they
were call'd Wolvehunt, as is clearly manifeſt from the
records of the Tower. It produces fo much lead, that
as if they were
ridiculouſly, as well as falſly, that Sarzrn, whom they
make to preſide over Lead, is very graciousto us, be-
cauſe he allows us this metal; but diſpleas'd with the
French, as having deny'd it to them. However, I
am of opinion that Pliny ſpoke of this tra& in that
paſſage of his ; In Britam, in the wery upper cruſt of the
ground, lead # dug up in ſuch plenty, that a law was
made on purpoſe to ſtint them to a ſet quantity.Out of theſs
mountains, Lead-ſtones, as the Miners call them,
are daily dug up in great abundance, which upon
thoſe hills exposd to the Welt-wind near Cyeach and
Workeſworth, ( taking its name from the Lead-works )
at certain times when that wind begins to blow,
(which they find by experience to be the moſtconſtant
and laſting of all winds) they mele down with greac
wood fires ; and from thoſe canals which they make
for it to flow in, they work it up again into maſſes,
which they call Sowes. And not only Lead, but S::-
bium alſo, which is call'd Antimony in the ſho
found here in diſtin veins ; us'd formerly in "6.x
by the women to colour their eye-brows , upon
the Chymiſts(who condemn the planers to the mines, Lead.
ilty of ſome great crime ) tell us Brodzus.
ended in N. Muſard ; for his eldeſt ſiſter was marry'd
to T. & Freſchewill, whoſe poſtericy remain and flou-
riſh here at this day. Higher in the very edge of the
County to the eaſt , upon a rough ground, ſtands
. Hardwick, which has given nameto a famous family
in this County, from whom is deſcended Elizaberh
which account the Poet Ton calls it «wuz]tyezpo. Mill- Mill-ftones.
ſtones are likewiſe digg'd up here, and Grind-ſtones Grina-
for ſharpning Iron-tools; and fomerimesthere is found 't--<
in theſe mines a kind of white Flor (for thoſe ſtones Flaores.
in mines like jewels are call'd Fluores by the metal.
men ) which is in all reſpe&s like Cryſtal. Be- Cryital.
* King James to the honour of Baron Cavendiſh of
the preſent Counteſs of Shrewsbury, who has there
laid the foundation oftwo ſtately houſes,almoſt joyn-
ing to one another, which at a great diſtance appear
very fair, by reaſon of their high ſituation. Ar pre-
ſent the title of this Barony is enjoy'd by William Ca-
vendiſh her fecond fon, who was lately advanc'd by
Hardwick.
More inward we ſce CheFerfield in Scardale, that is,
in a dale enclos'd with rocks : © For rocks or crags were
call'd Scarrs by the Saxons. Both the ruins of the
walls,and this new name do prove it to be of antiquity:
but the old name of it is ſuperannuated and quite
loſt +; and it is only mention'd in authors upon the
account of a Battel berween Henry the third and the
Barons ; in which Robert de Ferraris: the laſt Earl of
Derby of this family was taken, and degraded by
A of Parliamenc : after which he liv'd privately ,
and his poſterity have ſince flouriſh'd under the title
of Barons only | d]. Next Cheſterfield to the weſt,
lyes Walton, which hereditarily deſcended from the
Bretons by Loudham to the Foliambs, a great name in
theſe parts; to the eaſt lyes Surron, where the Leaks
have long flouriſh'd in the degree and honour of
Knighthood.
Act ſome ſmall diſtance from hence ſtands Bolſover,
an old caſtle ſeated upon a riſing, which formerly
belong'd to the HaFtings Lords of Abergevenny by
exchange with King Henry the third, who being un-
willing that the County of Chefer which belong'd to
him,ſhould be parcell'd out among diſt affs, gave other
lands in lieu,here and there, to the ſiſters of Fobn Scor
the laſt Earl. |
The weſt part on the other ſide the Derwent ,
which is nothing but hills and mountains , ( for
which reaſon perhaps it was heretofore call'd Peac-
lons in Saxon, and is calld Peake at this day, for the
word ſignifies eminence with us) is fever'd by the Dove,
a very ſwift and clear river ( of which in its proper
place) from Staffordſhire. This part tho it is rough
and craggy in ſome places, yet ' are there graſly hills
and vales in it, which feed many cattel and great
locks of ſheep very ſafely. For there's no danger of
ſides this Workeſworth, there 1s nothing here to be met
with worth mentioning but Haddon, ſeated upon the
river Wye , for many years the feat of the Yernons,
not only an ancient but a very famous family in choſe
in our time , for his magnificence, for his kind re-
ception of all good men, and his great hoſpitality,
gain'd the name of King of Peak among the vulgar.
Yet by the daughters and heirs of that man , this
brave inheritance was transferr'd to Foby Mannours ,
deſcended from the Earls of Rutland, and to Thomas
Stanley the off-fpring of the Earls of Derby | e ].
Near this lies Bakewell upon the fame river, which
makes it ſelf a paſſage among theſe hills into Der-
went. This was call'd by the Saxons © Ba>>ecanpell,
and Marianus tells us, that Edward the Elder made
a burrough of it. Whether or no it takes this name
from the Baths there, which the old Engliſh call'd
Bade and Baden (as the Germans likewiſe did in their
language, from whence Baden in Germany and Buda
in Hungary) I cannot tell. This is certain, that at
the riſe of the river #ye not far from hence, there
ton-well, which being found by experience very good
for the ſtomach, the nerves, and the whole body,
the moſt honourable George Earl of Shrewsbury, has
lately adorn'd them with buildings, and they begin to
be frequented by great numbers of the Nobilicy and
Gentry. About which time, the unfortunateand he-
roick Princeſs Queen of Scots took her farewell
of Buxton in this diſtich, which is nothing but an al-
teration of Czlar's verſes upon Feltris :
Buxtona que calide celebrabere nomne lympbe,
Forte mihi 7 ran nos adeunda , vale.
Buxton, whoſe fame thy Baths ſhall ever tell,
Whom 1, perhaps, ſhan't ſee again, facewell.
But this is beſides my buſine. That thele Baths were
anciencly known, rhar Cart-road or Roman Cauley
call'd Bathgate, which contintes ſeven miles from
hence to the lictle village Burgh, does plainly ſhew
wolves now in theſe places, tho* infeſted by them
us {f]. Near this Burgh there ſtands an old caſtle up-
on the top of a hill, formerly belonging to the Peverels,
| ————
_
« In the North we call rocky places, Skarr:, to this day ; and the Southern parts ſtill retain
canwy({/a, Chron. Sax.
3 That is to ſay, Doubters and delayers.
(By reaſon that under the upper crult of
4 King John erefed it mt
the earth there u Lim:- flone, which yields @ fruitful ugh
| *U1 73 S;r Thomas Stanley, ſon of Edward Earl of Derby.
hing of this in the har of 4 wownd. + Bede-
ſomet
v weh, and t to William iewes hu particular favorite.
Shaw rry > ty -& ln 6 Son of | hs Karl of Rutland,
call'd
parts; inſomuch that Sir George Vernon Kt. who liv'd Vernon,
are nine Springs of hot water, call'd at preſent Bux- Buxton
1 ene AE Ie AA IR a
495
CORITAN I
-_— ———>—
— T—_—_—_ ee __—_— -— = w_ a
_— —
—
. 46 Edw.3$.
call'd the Caſtle in the Peake, and in Latin De alto Pecco,| Chatworth, the Caſtle, and the Bath; delight ;
which King Edw. 3. gave with this manour and ho-| Much more you'll find , but nothing worth
' Nour to John Duke of Lancaſter his ſon, after he your ſight. 7 '
Devils
Arſe in
Elden-hole.
Repton.
Derby.
had reſtor'd the Earldom of Richmond to the vw .
Below this there is a den or cave under ground, | Thoſe of the Pevere!s, who, as I have faid before,
call'd (if I may be pardon'd the rudeneſs of the ex- | were Lords of _— , are alſo reported to lo
preflion ) the Dewil's Arſe, very wide and gaping, have been Lords of Der Y Afterwards King Rich. r. p,,,*
and having many apartments in it ; wherein, Gerva- | gave and confirm'd to his brother John, the County Sine,
ſius Tilburienſis, either out of downright ignorance | and Caſtle of Nottingham, Lancaſter, Derby, &c. >
or a lying humour, tells us a ſhepherd ſaw a ſpa- | with the Honours belonging to them, and the Honour alſo ti;
cious country with ſmall rivers running here and of Peverel. After him, thoie of the family of the M«-?
there in it, and vaſt pools of ſtanding water. Yet | Ferrars ( as far as | can gather from the Regiſters of *
from ſuch ſtories as theſe, this Hole is look'd upon | Tuthury, Merivall, and Burton Monaſteries ) were
as one of the prodigies of England. The ſame fort Earls; William de Ferrarits born of the daughter and
of fables are likewiſe told ot another Cave in this | heir of Peverel, whom King John (as it is in an an- 4s
neighbourhood, call'd Elden-hole, which is wonder- | cient Charter) || created Earl of Derby with his own _
ful for nothing but the vaſt bigneſs, ſteepneſs, and | hands : William his fon *; and Robert the fon of this |
the depth of it [g]. But that winds have their vent | William, who in the Civil wars was fo ſtripp'd of *-
here, is a miſtake in thoſe that have writ ſo; nor are this dignity, that none of his poſtericy, tho' they
thoſe verſes of Necham's concerning .the miracles of liv'd in great ſtate, were ever reſtor'd to their full
England, applicable to either of theſe Caves: honours. Many. poſſeflions of this Robert were given
by King Henry 3. to his younger fon. Edmund ; and
Eft fpecw eAAEoliu wentus obnoxia ſemper, ing Edward 3. (fo ſays the original record) by
Impetws & gemino maximus ore vents. A& of Parliament gave Herry of Lancaſter, the ſon
Cog itur injettum welamen adire ſupernas of Henry Earl of Lancaſter, the Earldom of Derby,
Partes, deſcenſum 1mpedit aura potens. to him and his heirs; and likewiſe afſign'd him 10c0
Vex'd with perpetual ſtorms, a cave there lies marks muy during the lite of Henry Earl of Lan-
Where from two holes the ſtrugling blaſts ariſe. | caſter, his father. From that time this title conti-
Throw in a cloth, you'll ſee it ſtraight afcend, nued in the family of Lancaſter, till King Henry 7.
For all's bore upward by the conqu'ring wind. beſtow'd it upon Thomas — who had not long
But all that's remarkable in this high and rough before marry'd Margaret the King's mother 5: and
. . ! now William * the ſixth Earl of Derby of this fami-
nuns) mph bg ne og has endeavour'd to | | , a man of great worth and honour, enjoys that
ignity.
Mira alto Pecco tria ſunt, barathrum, ſpecus, antrum ;
Commoda tot, plumbum, gramen, ovile pecus. Thus far of the Counties f Nottingham and Derby ;
Tot ſpecioſa ; pgs unt, Caftrum, Balnea, Chatlworth : | partly inhabited by theſe who in Bede's time were calld
_ Plura ſe 10 ing edf ug ſpecioſa mins. Mercii Aquilonares, becauſe they dwelt beyond the Trent Tie
Nine things that pleaſe us at the Peak we ſee northward, and poſſeſt, as be ſays, the land of ſeven **
A Cave, WR and Hole, the wonders be, s C thouſand Emilie 4 "T
Lead, Sheep, and Paſture, are the uſeful three :
7 Hobbs has comprehended the ſeven wonders in one veric ; Aides, mms, barathrum, binw fonv, autraque bi Gee e thi
family in Lancaſbire, under the 4 Ormerkirke. : iuus for, axtraque bins. =| See an account of this
1 To theſe wonders be added s wonderful Well in the Peake-foreſt not far Buxtons,
ace of one hour or thereabouts, keeping bus juſt tides : das, oh On Tideh
$ to what he ſays of the j of t —_ G—_ 0 rt;
ewice in an hour. #® being bruws'd with a fall out of hu coach, He had for his juc-
ceſſor his —_ MC — > on on the of Knocking. Thi ſame Thomas had by the
er « Earl of ingdon, E couſneſ; uy
of beg
rs | —_
e P
dengleers, Grey es Fre
ng
This County includes 106 Pariſhes.
ADDITIONS to DERBYSHIRE.
(a) JIN the more ſoutherly part of this County, | dently ſhew the ancient condition of the place.
upon the river Trent is Repton, where Ma- | When the town was built does not appear, bur its
rilds, wife to Ralph Earl of Cheſter, found | privileges and ancient charters argue it to be of good
ed a Priory of Canons-Regular of the Or- | antiquity. Ir is exempted from paying toll bo Len
der of St. Auſtin in the year 1172. And ſince the | don, or any other place, except Wimcheſter, and
diſſolution, Sir Fob» Port of Erwall in this County, | ſome few other towns; and is a ſtaple-cown for wool,
by his laſt Will, order'd a Free-ſchool to be erected, | a very ancient manufacture of this Kingdom
appointing certain lands in the Counties of Derby and There was formerly in it a rn 6 dedicated to
Lancaſter for the maintenance of this, and an Hoſpi- | St. Fames, near which, in digging ſome cellars and
tal at Erwall: both which are till in a proſperous | foundations of houſes, bones of a great ſize have been
condition. . found, And on the north-ſide of St. Fames's lane,
(b] The Trent running forward, receives the river | within the compaſs of ground where the Chapel
Derwent ; and upon it ſtands Derby, which had not | ſtood, a large ſtone was made bare ; which being
this name by an abbreviation of Derwent, and the | gently remov'd, there appear'd a ſtone-coffin, with
__ of by ( as our Author imagines) bur plainly | a very prodigious corps in it; but this, upon the
m being a Fur for deer, which is imply'd in the | firſt motion of the ſtone, turn'd into duſt. The
true name of it, Deopaby. And what farther con- | Coffin was ſo cut as to have a round place made for
firms it, is that *twas formerly a park, and iti the | the head, wide about the ſhoulders, and ſo narrower
arms of the town to this day is a buck couchant in | down to the feet.
a os | Which joyn'd to the Lodge-lane, ſtill the] On the fouth-caſt corner of the town ftood for-
name of a paſſage into the Nuns-green ; as they pur | merly a caſtle; tho' there have been no remains of
the original - it out of all doubr, fo do they evi- | it within the memory of man. But that there w
one,
DER YIHTWE
L 4 -— -— ” —_——
one, appears from the name of the hill, calld Cow-
caſtle-bill ; and the ſtreet that leads welt to St. Peter's
Church, in ancierjt Deeds bearing the name of
Caſt le-g ate.
In " lballows Church, there is a monument for one
Richard Craſhaw of Lendon Eſquire, who- dy'd the
2oth of June An. 631. He was originally. a poor
parts of the cave there are little dropping waters,
which having a petrifying virtue, make many curi-
gt ſhapesagd fancifik works uyon the ſides.
y” iAt a diſtance fi
d
boy, a Nailer's fon, -and went to London in a fait of | hand, |
Leather ; and what by. his own induſtry, and the} ' In thoſe parts "alſo, near * viſlagggall« ”,
encouragement he met withal, manag'd his affairs fo, &'a'Targe rock, and upon it are waits w
well as to dye worth. ten thouſand: porind, Beſides | ie, one is 4 yards in height ad 12.yard |
many charitable aRts in bis life, he. leſt at his death | yet reſts upog 3 fo eqitialty poar'd,
above four thouſand to the maintenance of | move it with a noch Ts \ 1 the rathe
Le&ures, relief of the Poor, &c. There is alſo in
this Church a monument for the memorable Eliza-
beth Cone of Repoarn.c who cov _ ad-
,0yning Hoſpital for twelve poor people; and ano-
as _= ok one for the Ear] of
his Counte, but without inſcription.
'c] Wichin lefs than a quarter of a mile upon the
north-ſide of Derby, ſtands Little-chefter, having now
not above 20 houſes in it, and none of them ancient.
But it's Antiquity is ny Cn the mony
ieces of Roman coyn, found both in digging of ce
ho and plowing. Some of them are , fome:
ot ſilver, and ſome few of gold bearing the inſcriptt
on and image of ſeveral of the Roman Emperougrs.
Upon a clear day, the foundation of a bridge may
be ſeen, crofling the river to Darley: bz}, which over-
looks the town.
1 (d} North from hence. is Cheferfield, which hath
given the title of Earl to Philip Lord Stanbop of She
ford, created Aug. 4. 4 Car. 1. who was ſucceeded in
that honour by Philip Loid Srenbop his grandchild by
Henry his _ _ ang Ro NL
Scar{dale allo, t iwifon wherein C |
own hath ſince our Author's incatharded x AT
of Earl to Francw Leak Lord Deincourt. of Sutton,
and at preſent to Robert of the ſame name.
In the grounds belonging to Haddow-bouſe near
Bakewell; was.diggd up this Altar, cut in a rough
fort of ſtone, ſuch as the houſe it (elf is built of ; /
———m——_—
This (with one or two more, very broken and
imperfe&t, without any direQion alſo where they
were found) were 'd out by Mr. Walter Stone-
bouſt, Miniſter of Darfie/d in Yorkſhire, a very learned
Gentleman ( now dead ) whoſe large
Antiquities was ſold by his fon to Thomas Lord Farr
fax, and by his Executors to Mr. Thoresby, whoſe fon
Mr. Ralph Thoresby, preſerves them with great care,
and is dayly making new additions.
— the reſt, he had a any} ola bone, and a
tooth of a wonderful proportion ; dug up in ſinking
a lead-grove near Bradwall about 7 miles from Haddon.
The tooth ( tho' about a quarter be: broken off ) is
13 inches and a half in compals, weighing 3 pound,
Io ounces, and 3 quarters. Along wich thele, wer
likewiſe found many other bones, which were bro-
ken and diſpersd ; with the $skull, which _
ks of corn, as ſeveral perſons of good credit at-
hrm'd. Upon a ſight of the tooth, Dr. Fobnfton took
it to be the Dens molars of an Elephant, and writ a»
Diſcourſe u
was before indlin'd to believe it the tooth of a man.
[f] Turning our courſe weſtward, we come to
the Peake, where, near Buxton, by a hill call'd Coze-
Mae. moſſe, is a very wonderful cave, nam'd Pooles-bole.
It's entrance is very ſtrait and low ; but 10 yards in-
Devonfhire and
created Nov. 11. 1645. then to Nicholas Laak his ſon ;||-
rum ſive Gi
foliis laciflimis C. B. Ge TPO.
taimous paſt ure by the bedge-fides, &c. plentifully,
well in thu 44a a in Yorkſhire, Seoffordſhare, oe kl
colledtion of | hamſb:
Jacea tricolor, five Trinicatis
In the mount ainoms
principally where t
Vitis
it in a Letter to Mr. Stonehouſe, who | mop
| Firr-leaved moſs.
given the Synomyme: in __
here, becauſe Mein-ember in Corgwal
like this, is bow thrown dawn.
» a ſtone much
which, on a hill call'd Mamſor, is a fortification }
There is now within the fortification, a ſpring.
| [g.) As to\Eden-bole, 'tis mention'd by our Author
for its depth + ahi! nor' without cauſe ; for ſince his
time 1t hath been plumb'd at the charge of Charles
Carrom: Eſquire, to.the depth of 850 fathom ; and
yet no bottom. found. | | <:
| a%
Continuation of the EARI.S. ©
| 4 HY £.
William depattin g this life An. 1642, was ficceed-
ed by ame his ſon and heim, pads for his good
ſervices to K. Charles 1. as was alſq his excellent Lady
Charlore, But after the fight at Horcefter, being ta-
ken in Cheſhire, and upon the x5ch of October put
to death at Bolton in Lancaſhire, he was ſt ed
by. his ſon Charles, and he by his eldeſt ſon and
heir William. | |
More rare Plants growing wild in Derbyſhire.
Alfine puſilla pulchro floce, foljo tenuiffino no-
ſtras ſeu Saxifraga puſilla caryophylloides, "Fre albo
pulchello. Small fine-lequed mountaws Chickweed,” with
« milk-white flower. In the mount prooxe parts of Perby-
ſire about Wirkefworth and elſewhere, plentifully. *
ia rotundifolia Ger. major rotundifolia
fire Batavorum.. Park. Common round-leaved Scurvy-
graſs or garden Scurvy graſs. On the mountains at Caſtle
ron mm the Peak, about the
or hole.
great ſubterraneomt waule
Lapathum folio: acuto, flore aureo C. B. antho-
xanthon F. B. Golden Dock, In the meadow: by the
road-fide
tsmme 11
leading to Swarſton-bridge, which in winter-
ods are.overflown by the Trent. 3
ium- majus Belgarum Park. majus Belpa-
teum Park, Campanula maxima,
In the moun-
Tra
ire. |
Viola tricolor Ger. tricolor major & vulgaris Park.
F. B. Panſies or
Hearts eaſe. In the mountains among the corn, and upon
the mud-walls ang fence: of Stone. Goa
Viola montana lutea grandiflora noſtras, Flam-
mea lutea ſeu 5 Ger. Panſies with a large yellow flower.
wres of the Peak m ſevergl places,
e ſoil is moift and boggy.
1dza ſemper virens frutu rubro F. B. 14a,
e | foliis ſubrotundis non crenatis, fructu rubrq'C._B.
Vaccinia rubra: Ger. - rubra buxeis foliis Park. Red
wry or Bilberries. In the mountains of the Peak plen-
tifwlly.
On the mountains in the Peak grow alſo thoſe great
moſſes called Muſcus clavatus five Lycopodium, Chub-
or Wolvenclaw, and Muſcus eretus abicxiformis,
Of which, we have made mention, and
Ire.
e than Alchimilla vulgaris
to the uulger by the
Nothing more common t
or common Ladics mantle, known
name of Bearsfoot.
«
wards you have room to toſs a ſpear, In moſt
CORNAVIL
In 'the fame rmiountainous tratt is Cat keiten; Fnear Caltleden,
and hard by were lately digg'd up” Elephants bones. num. Bric,
LA eo ———_— D———— — — ww —
-— —— = I > re pn
-
— —
—_ Y” ” OPTI” wo 9s IRE IO a rO Arne Ge .
_ —_— wy * F w_ — - pm—_
Wb” - rtoermugmnts ew
—
—_—_
. |
\ CORN
L = 4 L ,
—_—
AV 16
4 Numeri
& Turmz. #0
* Libro
Nocitiarum
Worm-
leighton,
Shugbury.
Afftroites.
[eaming-
(Vil,
C0 REN AV 1
- Aving in order ſurvey U d the Counties of the Coritani, 'who were ſeated in the Wefery Parts, we
ES. proceed to take a:yiew of the
ws leave to others.to enquire after. 'Tw. true, I could wreſt it tot
ii or Cornavii.' The es, "mort of which name, 1 muſt
& antl 'that ſipnification : but
l ; ſince none will ejther ſuit rhe nature of the Piote or genius of the people,” I (batt not ſwell thy
PE Volume with them. To purſue
, which (according to Prolemy's
& \wickſkire, Worceſterſhire, St
Wy lealt foorſtep of the
the declenfion of the Roman Empare.
be ſeen in the * Breviary of the Weſtern Empire.
—_—
/ign t
Fr the Cornavii ſeem to have
ordſhire, Shropſhire, and Cheſhire. I all which, not rhe
name Cornavii remains at thu day; although it feeras to have continued even
Fir the + Troops of the Cornavii
efore, 1 ſhall ſeverally go through theſe Province,
poſſeſid, (viz.) War.
ſerved under the Tater Emperors ; as may
i...
. _
WARWIC
H E County of Warwick, caltd by
the Saxons, as at preſent; * Warwitk-
ſhire, is bounded on the Eaſt with
Northamptonſhire ,
and the Military way mention'd be-
fore ; on the South-fide with Oxfordſhire and Glo-
ceſterſhire ; on the Weſt, for the greateſt parc witch
Worceſterſhire; and” on the North wich Stafford-
ſhire. It is divided into two parts, the Feldon and the
Woodland, i. e. a Champain, and a Woody Country,
ſever'd by. the river Avon, running obliquely from |
North-eaſt to South-weſt, 'through the middle of this
County | a}.
On the South-ſide of the Avon lies Feldon, a cham- |:
pain Country, "whoſe fertile fields of corn, and ver-
dant paſtures yield a moſt delightful proſpe to thoſe
who, rar from the tg of £446
chis track of hills terminates near Warminyton, I faw
a large round military entrenchment, which I fup-
pole (as others of the like nature) was caſt up and
made for preſent defence againſt the ſudden inroads
of ſome:enemy. From the red ſoil hereabouts, [a vil-
Leiceſterſhire ,
3Tb]. Where |:
KSHIRE.
over the infolent Enemy. But this undeſerved fate
of his curn'd'to his greateſt glory ; for being bury'd
at the palace of his father Offs (now call'd Off-Church) ,;,
his meniory was continu'd to polterity,and canoniz'd,
he had divine honours paid him by the people, and
his life writ-by an ancient Author in no ill verſ:.
Some of which (deſcribing the villain, who. ſpurr'd
on with the ambition of a crown, thus impiouſly af:
ſaffinated him ) it may not be unacceptable to pre-
ſent you withal.
' Non ſperans, vivo Fremundo, regu henore
Optato ſe poſſe frui, molitur in «jus
Immeritam tacito mortem, gladioque profanus
Irrurt exerto ſerum, Dominique jacent
Tale nibil veritur ſawvo caput amputat itt.
Talisapud F Wydford Fremundum palma coronat,
Dum ſimul & fontes occidit, & occidit mſons.
Deſpairinge're to reach his proud deſires
While Fremund liv'd, he wickedly confpires
Againſt his life, and with his treacherous ſword
Beheads his ſleeping and unthinking Lord.
At Wydford thus bleſt Fremund gain'd a crown,
While guilty blood he ſhed, and guilcleſs ſpent his own.
+ In &
C75
Ra
But I muſt not omit to acquaint you that the Foſ yp;
(that old Roman-way) croſleth this Feldon or Cham:
pain part ; ſome -remains of whoſe Cauley , in pa:
{tures now trackleſs and unfrequented, are to be ſeen
near Cheſterton, the ſeat of the very ancient family of
the * Peitoes; of which was that William Peito , the prin
Franciſcan Frier, whom Paul the fourth then Pope,
png Vehindon, now Long Iching don and Har-
bury. Theſe two places are memorable on no ocher |
account,"*than the death of Fremundws; fon of Offaf
King of the Mercians, who was bafely and trea-
cherouſly ſlain berwixt them [ e*\. perſon off
great eminence in his time, and of fingular piety ;
whom nothing ſo much made the mark and obje of
envy, as that in an unhappy juncture, he criumph'
ugh entirely de»
in it, or 1a-
ſlaughter, and p
ſtead. Which great deſtruQion made a man ot learn”
ing in that-age exclaim with the Poet ;
Quid faceremt boſtes capta crudeliis urbe ?
Could plund'ring foes more cruelty have ſhown *?
On the bank of Avw»,where with a flender ſtream
—_ -— - - _— —
—_—
« By the Saxon Anmais it is calld Ferineſcyr-. * They are ſince Ez11s of Norrhampron. © Bring put into a gl:fs or cop of Vinegar, rhey
ſtir about, znd keep rhemfelves in motion; which experiment cur Author [4
ehorpogrer, inhyÞ!: ants tor fegſoning their bicad.
Prauce, © 7 - |
« Ove ct this 1,miy inthe 23th of Few. 1. is c!.'0 Ricker s ww
{The weter 15 056 ©
ys be kad never made. Sce in 1.71.c6/1 ſhire.
e. Pcitiow
ae J:tontd, ;
it
_—_
AD RATES Ati dba eG. AE
m7 Minutes of Time
PaRrT OF
STAFFORD
RuMall
SHIRE.
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von aÞ Aufma AR.
Charlton *
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Bbton Flank
Abt 5 ShaBiyord
or Bann 014e/
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Frolive orth
Do dfor,
Weedon
Sold by Abel Swale, Arn/ham & Tbhn Church il.
Degree
2 "DO 4s ilo wo
Cn ed —_— A
—
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WARWICKSHIRE.
| ”
wack
"ers|g]; then' Newenbaw Regs on the oppoſite; fide
it enters this County, Rughy firſt offers ir ſelf-to |
adorn'd with fair buildings
your view, a Market-town abounding wich Burch-
its beauty to Erbelfleds, Lady of the Mercians, who
in the year 911. raiſed it ouc of its ruins. At the
of the river, where three ariſe, percolated,' as invaſion ic was in a flouriſhing ſtate , and
'tis probable, through.an Alom Mineral, whoſe” wa; had many Bargeſſes, as they call them ; o whom 12
ters of a © milky colour andaſte, have: the reputation
of being very medicinal in the. Stone. They -cec- | as may be feen in y-book. He who won
tainly are exceeding Diuretick, cloſe. and heal green | warning given did not go, war fined 100 ſhillings to the
wounds, and being drank with falt -are. laxative, | King. But if the King « The Seas meow Cnr
with ſugar reſtringene.. Then Bagginron, which had | then rhey were extber to [end bim four Boatſwains, or m
* its caltle, and heretofore belong'd to. the Bagorts, a
keu of them four pound in Deniers. In the the
, and owes very much of
were by tenure to accompany the King in his wars,
wy lo-
bd
yo and quart'red their foreign Troops in garri-
0
very honourable family. From which. at a lictle di-
ſtance lies Stoneley , where King Henry the ſecond
jounded a ſmall Abby. poſice to this on the-bank
of the Avon, ſtood a little caſtle ' call'd Sroneley- Holme
buile in Holme-hull, which was deſtroyed at the-.time
when England was miſerably harraſſed and over-run
by the barbarous Danes their Leader Canutas.
The next placy on the banks of Avon, is the prin-
cipal town of this County, which we-call Farwick,
the Saxons * Wapping-pic, Ninnius and-.the Britains
Caer Guaruic and Caer-Leon. All theſe names, (fince
they ſeem to be 'deriv'd either from che Britiſh word
Guarth, which ſignifies Preſidium or a Fortreſs ; or
from Legions polted inſuch places for cheir ſecurity;)
in a great meaſure inclin'd me to.think-( alcho' Iam
more of the Sceptick than Critick in matters of Ery-
mology.) that this was that very town-which in Bri-
tain by the Romans was call'd Preftdium: where (as
it is in the Noritia*) the Prafet of the Dalmatian
horſe by che appointment of the Governour of Bri-
tain was poſted. Theſe Troops were levied in Dal-
matia : and here we may oblerve the political pru-
dence of the Romans, who in their Provinces di-
ns ; with whom and the natives (by reaſon of the
great diverſity of language and humours) there could
not likely be any fecrec combinations form'd againſt
their Government, For, as Florus writes, Nations
not babituated to the yoke of ſlavery, would otherwiſe be
always attempting to ſhake it off. Whereupon it was,
that trom Africa the Moors, trom Spain the Afturians
and Vettones from Germany the Batawians, the Nerwi,
Tungri, and Turnacenſes ; from Gaul, the Lingones and
Morini, and from other parts the Delmatians, Thraci-
ans, Alains, &c. were brought over to ſerve in Bri-
tain ; as in their proper places we ſhall obſerve. But
tO return to our buſineſs : no one ought to think the
Bricains deriv'd the word Guarth from the Franks ; for
it we believe Lazias,tisof Hebrew extraction,in which
the King 112.
Roger, ſecond Earl of Warwick of the Norman
race, *buile here in the middle of che town the beau-
cilul Charch of S. z which che Beanchamps, ſuc-
ceeding Earls, adorn'd with their Monuments. More
cpecaly the laſt of the | Beeuchamyps , Richard Earl
Warwick and * Governour of Normandy, who dy-
original molt Countries agree. But that this was the
Preſidium ?, the authority of our Annals may con-
Vince us, aſſuring us, that the Roman Legions had
here a ſtationzand alſo irs ſituation almoſt in the centre
of the Province, intimates no leſs. For it lies at an
equal diſtance from the coaſt of Norfolk on the Eaſt,
and of Wales on che Welt ; juſt ſuch a ſituation as
was that of Preſidium, a town of Corſica in the heart
of that Iſland. Nor will it ſeem ſtrange that the Ro-
mans ſhould here have a fortreſs and military ſtation,
if we conſider ics ficuation on a ſteep and rocky emi-
nence over the river Avon, and [ h | the way on eve-
ry (ide leading up to it, cut through the rock. That
it hath been fortitied wich walls and aditch , is very
mani/e!t, The caſtle is very ſtrong both by nature
and art : the ſeat heretofore of the Earls of Warwick,
extending it ſelf South-weſt [i]. The town it (elf is
ing at Roan in the year 1439. was with great magni-
I funeral pomp + brought over and interr'd
re ( k].
King hath in Demeſne 111 Burgeſſes ; and the Barons of
Near Warwick to the North is Blacklow-bill , on Blacklow-
which Peter de * Geveſten, whom Edward the ſecond ti, _.
from a mean condition had raiſed to the honour of ver{ds
the Earldom of Cornwall, * was beheaded by the
Barons. For this man, puff*d up with the favour of
his Prince, and the flattery of fortune, had aſſumed
an exceflive liberty, debauch'd the King, vilify'd all
good men, prey'd upon the eſtates of all , and like a
crafty old Courtier, promoted quarrels betwixt the
King and the Nobili
Hard by upon the
others Gibelf the preſent ſeat of Thomas de Belofago
or Beaufoe, of the old Norman race. This place is
the ſeat of Pleaſure it ſelf : there is a ſhady grove ,
{tal ſprings, moſſey caves, meadows ever green,
a ſoft and murmuring fall of waters under the rocks ;
and to crown all, ſolitude and quiet , the greate
ty.
7 6 ftands Guy-chiff , call'd by G:y-dif.
Varwics.
darling of the Muſes. Here, fame tells us that Guy of Guy of .
Warwick, that celebrated Hero, after he had finiſh'd **"®
his Martial atchievements, built a Chapel , led a Her-
mit's life,and was at laſt buried. But the wiler fort think
that this place took its name from Guy de Beaucha
who liv'd much later. And certain it is,that Richard de
Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, buile and dedicated here
a Chapel to S. Margaret, and ſet up the* Gyant like
ſtatue of the famous Guy, ſtill remaining | 1].
From Warwick the Avon with a fuller body paſles charlcort.
by Charlcort,the ſeat of the noble and knightly family
of the Lucies; which long ſince hereditarily paſſed
to them from the Charlcorts, who out of a pious in-
tent built a Religious houſe ( for the ſupport and
entertainment of poor people and ſtrangers) at Thel-
luford. For the brook was call'd Thefley;which running
by Comprtons Murdack ( heretofore belonging to the
Murdacks, now to the family of the Vernezs Knights)
and thence by this Thellsford, falls into Avon. Which
river within a little way ſalutes Stratford, a pretty
handſfom market-town , that owes its ornaments
and beauty chiefly to its two natives, Fobn de Strar-
ford Archbiſhop of Canterbury, ! who founded the
Church here ; and Hugh Clopron ſometime Lord
Mayor of London, who at extraordinary expence
buile the Stone-bridge here over the Avon, conſiſting
of 14 arches. He was younger brother of an ancienc
family, which took their name from the adjacent ma»
—O — — —_ - -
/ By the Quo #arrante- Roll of the 13th of Edw. 1. it appears to have
miik- coloar. 1
phce ; nor is it mention'd by Sir /iiam Dugdale. k Wart
and Matthew Paris (in Vit. Offz) from Waremund, father of the
of France,and of the Durchy
ic.
Charlcott.firft aſlum'd this name temp. Henr. 3.and builr rhe
I::nerar.
* Or abfiraZ of Provinces. 3 That is the garriſon-town.
Deſpenſer
ad cunning, Richard Beauchamp, late Erl of Warwick,Lord
under this Tomb, jn a fall tair Vaulr of itone, fct in the bare Roche. The
Ne nly the laſt day uf April, ar yo year of our _—_ +4 1939. oo =
Yarmandy, by ſufficieat authority of our Soveraign d King Henry Doay _
lea and Jand, was brought ro Warwick the fourth of October, the year /aboveſaid, and was laid wirh full folemn exequies ina
tone in the wet dace of this Chapet, according to kis laſt Will and Teftament, therein to reſt rill this Chapel, by him deviſed in
tounded on the Roche, and ail the members thereof,his Ececurors | . y
= Teſtament. And thereafter by th: {aid aurhority they did tranſlate worſhipfully the ſaid body into the Va
e.
the which Caapel
been in Hr RN IEEnG.
, Nechiog of it now remaining, but che moat and ſome heaps of
d
Of s Ki
Normandy. * Guy de Beauchamp,Earl of '
© London, brought him hither, and without agy proceſs of Law, cut | fr wap
. ' X
2nd the North and South Croſs by the Exccutors of Hugh Clopton. The Church is Collegiate, and the College now |
# 'Tis 2 weak chalybeate water, but has no
i There are now no remains of any fuch name, or
Lorne to
A ee or lien & Leek Bowel Gln th
The South-lile was built by him ; bur wy Quin by ej
+ And aftry 8 or gp Funeral ſolemmiz'd, in this Church lies entemb'd in a
ens Tomb with this Inſcription : Pray devourly for the ſoul, whom G & aſſoil,
of one of the molt worſhiptful Kni in his days of manbood
of Bergav rar many other great Lordſhips, whoſe body reſteth here
which viſired with long fickneſs in the caltle of therein deceaſed full
= het hate Len on TE
hich reat rion
Meas hid with fakes Chet made of
his life, were made 3
did fully makeand apparel, by the auboriry of bis aid laſt (Will
I i 2
Sr ratfd
up2n Avon
COR
N47 1 I.
nour of Clopeen, from the time that fatter Cackifels,
{til'd Knight-Marſhal, fixd his ſeat here at Cloptem for
hamfelt and poſterity. Their inheritance in our exue
deſ-ended to iwe lifters cabeirs, one af them married
$tQ Sir George Carew a famous Kt, ( Vieechamberlain
to her moit ſerene Majelty Queen _ Amer!) whom
- K. James creared Baron Corew'ot Clopte, and whors,
Diana
Ardwena.
Coughton,
Throck-
mortons.
Ouſley.
champs
Court.
Grevills.
if tor (agua pang. L canuot OP j
relpe& he paid to venerable. Antiq m V
ſes nothing more on its banks, beſides Breford a {mall
market-town, and ſome little Country villages, before
it makes irs entry into Worceſterſhire. Ks
Now let us take a view of the Woodland, which Iy-
ing on the Northern-lide of Avon, extends it ſelf in-
to a much greater comps than the Frldas ; tor the
moſt paet cloathed with woods, yet not wanting Pa-
{tures or corn-ticlds ; and bath ſeveral veins of ' Irow.
As it is now calld the #00d/end, fo by 2 more anc
ent name it was call'd Ardes : which m my opmion
are words importing the ſame thing. For Arden with
che ancient Britains and Gauls did denote a Wood.
And we know, in France,a vaſt wood bears the name
of Arden ; and a town in Flanders ficuated near ano-
ther wood, is call'd Ardenburg ; and thar celebrated
foreſt of England, paring oft the firſt fytlable, retains
the name of Dem, Not to mention that Diane,which
in ' the old Gallick Inſcription was call'd 4rdwens and
Avdowa, }, e. (it I ain noe much miſtaken) Sylveftrs,
or, Of the woods, and was the ſame that in the Irta-
lick Injeriptions is called Nemworenſs, or. Diana
of the Growes, From this part, Turkill ds Ardew
who reſided here, and was in great favour with
King Henry 2. ailumed that ſirname ; and his De-
icendants the Ardevs, famous in fucceeding ages, wore
branched out into all parts of England.
On the Weſtern-fide of the Woodland , the river
Arrow [n] makes haft by Stzdy ( lome ages ſince a
caſtle belonging to John ſon af Corbutio) to joyn
the river Avon. . But whether it be fo calld (as Tigrs
a river of Meſopotamia, which in the Perſian lan-
guage ſignifies an Arrow ) from the ſwiftnefs of its
current, or from its flow courte ( for :har the word
Ara among the old Britains and Gauls imports ;) 1
leave to the ſearch of others 5, On the banks of Ar-
row lies Coughten, the chief ſeat of the family of the
Throckwartons Knighes, who fince they married with
the heireſs of Speney, grew very numerous, famous, and
fruitful of good Wits. Not far from hence lies Onfe-
ley, memorable for the ancient Lords thereof, the
Ratlers, Barons of Wem, from whom it herediearily
deſcended to the Firrars of O»/ky. Whote inheritance
in a ſhort time was divided berwixe
Gresſtccke, and Ralph Newil. A little lower upon
Arrow is kated Beauchamp's Court, fo called from Ba-
ren Beauc of Powicke ; from whom, by the
only daughter of Edward Willoughby fon of Robert
Willoughby Lord Brook, it came to Str Fulk Grevill Ke,
a perſon no leſs eficem'd for the ſweetneſs of his tem-
per, than dignity of his ftation. Whoſe only fon,
of the ſame name, ſo emirely devoted himſelf ro the
ſtudy of real Virtue and Honour, that the noblenefs
of his mind far exceeded that of his birth : for whoſe
extraordinary favours, thot F muſt deſpair of makin
ſaicable rerurns, yer whether ſpeaking or filent, !
muft ever preſerve a grateful memory.
Below Beauchamp'sComre the river Alne or Alenns
falls imo Arrow, which in is coarſe through a woody
country, paſles by Henley a little market crown, near
which the Montforts, a noble family of great name,
hat a Caſtle, that from its daghrful ſuuation on
a hill amid& the woods, was d by 2 French
name Bell deſert. But the caſtle hath long fince beer:
buried im its own ruins. They derived their pedigree
not from the Almarian family af the Aontfars, bur
trom Twr/tav de Baſtanberg a Norman. Their inheri-
I —_ ——_
Fobn Lord of
cance at-lengrh paſsd away by Danghters tothe Ba-
roas ef Sedley and the Frevils. Juſt art the confluence
of the: ewo rivers Arrow and Autne, I faw Aucefer, tua,
by Mathgw Paris called Aenceſfer ; and rhat more
properly. The 'inhabirants, becauſe ir hath Heen x
place: of great 'note and amtiquicy, will needs have the
trne game to be Oulderſter. This was ( as we tead in
an-old Inquifition ) « free Buryoug b of owr Lord Eoury 1.
which the ſame King gave to Robert Corber for bi;
farvice : and when the ſame Robert died, it deſcended to
% Ji/illians de Boterenx, and to Peter the ſon of Hirbey:.
And when William de Boterenx gved, bis Moiery deſcend-
ed 20 Reginald de Boteveux as 'beir, who now bolds it: 10.4;
and when Peter the fon of Herbert died, bis Mojety de.
ſeendid to Herbert the ſon of Peter, which Herbert gave it ©©
te Robert de Channdois, 7 But from a very great rown,
'tis rednc'd ro a ſmall market, tho' very noced for all
forts of grain ſo]. Higher {north-eaſt | where the
Country is aot fo thick cloathed with woods, ſtands
Wroxhall; where Hugo de Hatton built a lictle Mona- wot
ſtery or Priory. And Badefiey, formerly the poſlefli- ru
on of the Clintons, now of the Ferrars. And Balſhall, 8.
heretofore a Preceprory of the Templars which Roger g.,z.
| do Mowbray gave them, whoſe munificence to the ofire
| Order of the Enights-Templars was fo extraordinary, fs
| that | by unanimous conſene of their Chapter they e
decreed, that he ſhould have the power of pardoning 1%
| any Brother who had tranſgre'd the Rules of the
Order, provided he came and acknowledg'd his
crime betore this their Benefator. And the Knights
of the Order of S&. John of Jeruſalem, to whom all
the ' poſſeſſions of the Templars in England were al-
fign'd, (for to give to profane uſes things once con-
lecrated to God, our Anceftors thought a crime not
to: be aton'd for, } in teſtimony of cheir gratirude
anced to Foly Mowbray de Axholm, ſucceſſor of -
© ſaid Roger, that he and his fucceſſors, ar every 5
of the Aſſemblies of their Order, ſhould be received ©
in the next degree of honour to Soveraign Princes.
More to the north-eaſt, in che midit of a Chaſe
and Park, a confluence of little ſtreams form a
Lake ; which being preſently confin'd within Banks,
make a Chanet or Kernel. Upon this ſtands Kenelworth, x:
heretofore vulgarly call'd Kenelwords, and corruptly w*%
Killingworth. From this town a moſt noble, beauti- tin,
ful, and ſtrong Caftle, encompaſs'd with a Chaſe and »»*
Parks, takes its name. It was buile neither by Kenal-
phws, nor Kenelmws, nor Kinegliſus, as ſome Hilto-
rians have dreame ; but by Geoffrey de Climton Lord
Chamberlzin ro King Henry 1. and his fon, ( as
may be feen in authentick evidences,) after he had
tounded there a Monaſtery for Canons-Regular. But
Hemry his * great grandchild wanting ifſue, fold it to * Prat
King Hen. 3. who granted it to Simon de Montefort
Earl of Leiceſter with Eleanor his ſiſter, for her
portion. Bur preſently after, this bond of amity
and friendſhip being broken, and Earl Simon, after
diſmal commotions, being ſlain in the Barons Wars",
the Caſtle endured a fiege of fix months, and at laſt
was furrenderd to King Hen. 3. * who made it part
of the inheritance of the Lancaftrian family. Ar
which time was made and publiſh'd che Edi& which
our Lawyers ſtile Diftum de Kenelworth ; whereby it
was enacted, that all who had taken up Arms againſt
the King, ſhould pay five years walue of all their lands, CC.
A very wholſome piece of ſeverity, without effuſion
of blood, to check thoſe feditious ſpirits, fo pernici-
| ous to the Government ; whole only hopes were =
ced in the diſtraftions of the Scate at that time. Burt
now of late, by the royal munificence of Queen F/:-
z6bech, ir became the ſeat of Robert Dudley Earl of
Leiceller ; who in rebuilding and adorning it, fpar'd
' no coſt. So that if you regard the magniticence
; of buildings, and nobleneſs of the Chaſe and
Parks lying round and belonging to it; it may
_—
# No veins of iron were ever yet found in this County.
Polyelbiex. pag. 229. *'Byr
plars or talers ; as appears by an account taken 31 Hen. 2.
s- Who heve beirer ——. the nature of this river. © Sin William.
1arker of wires and ifagt. Hambeit exceeding much foguened
e of the river, whaſe Lord Thomas Buy: ,
[red theo the ingulcy of rhe time, aff his life. B
racions farvourire of KR, Hen. 7. the Knig bly family
Savere:,
* © . ys
e bad rair'd upon fair prevext againſt by £%.
$
*..,
lo the borders of it, viz. Worceſterſhire, and Staffordſbire, there have.
cuſtonr of this place, the Tenants could nat marry theis daughters without the conſent of the fracernity of Tem-
for the Cern-fair thare heiden, This þath for a near xc:igbbour
jor hw dependance wupen George Duke
by his grand-daughter
of the Con
9 Who
; See Selden's
7 But now it us decay'd, and of a Orry great town become # (m3
Arrow, according 0
Clarence, werds wnadrif; witered, and hardly cw
o
marricd to Anat Canway brother ro Sir Hugh Couwsy of Wakes, #
have ever ſmce fleur:ſhed, and laudably follow'd the profeſſion of Arms. * With
amex'd this Caſtle as an inheritance to Edmund his ſon Earl of Lancaſter.
claim
Oo
y
v
ſ-
”
þ
1
VARWICKSHTRE
Pon ne ee EEE of Cheſter; thr {he
pt had matry'd 'Ranu Ear} ham
ace (rhat I Laan aig purſie the fine: cours T| and 5s of t Ywho EE
journey) 1 no> | Liberties t0Q Lins!
eos of. ſeeing deſics the Chandy tann ener nn got coy oe Ther Ned, the” th
un Witham , fwartoing/ with' Whabirats {=ahd! - a hiv; who tha,
with the noile of Knolls) (fer het wro-gfeat Mirth |TCiry ET Yn tits ; 'Whothk
bersof Ss) Tho lonwnrpegh 62 watery. The pk cortihs
th abundance of ''Þy
tis rione of che leafÞ-honcors of the phics,
from hence the nodle atid-wartike y Of th BYe-
name. Frony hence ta dup eutiera her of
County norrchward, SEED '
dd ene TRE
{0} Ho kacas”
ar en i Aleroh |
which it hredbos,/7 ſeceſſion Hot te
Lords rhe Lino, whb were Lotds/ 6f'}
ving their! original from'F
and the Clinton, who have been pr gn
CT kd hanna ity
boaſting of
Va ME Peer in the-
little rown,. tht ruler
po A it with fir
and a Grattmnar-ſchodl
fouthwatd, I came © Co
co the Climtonr{r]; and neighboar
Caf,
che Ovling ſells, ha
County; Lower it the middle of
try is (texted Coventry, fo thiled the by wat. |
from a Convent ; for ſach'a Covent in oar Tonygve | ir
frequently In our
Hiſtories, and it the Pontifical Decrees, this is call'd
Conventria ; 45 po itt that, Kiev be Bj
Conventry ks wot i t wits, or bt fterrs
- bawve awitted common ith Yet fome there are,
from a rivulet rwn-
by it, at this diy called 85irbinn, 'antt iti
an old Charter of the Priory; Curntford. Whiticeſo-
+ ever the flame be raken, this C
being etirich'd wich the Manifactiire ** of ©
and Caps, was the only Mart-towh of this Coun,
we call a Covevt, or Covrm; and
who wilt have 'the name taken
and _—_ —_ reſort than could be os
Mid-land fiturtion. 'Fis commod!
adorn'd with beautiful burldings :
wo Charches of excellent ren rg oo ſtand
each other;
the one dedicated to the Holy Trinity, the other to
St. Michoel. There is nothing in it of very
antiquiry. That which feerns to be che gear
nument, i the Religious-houſe or Priory,
ins I ſaw near theſs ewo Churches. This, King Ca-
nutus founded for Nuns ; who being expelld within
4 lictle time, in the year 1040. Leoffick Earl of Mer-
cia enlarg'd ic, and in a manner built it anew, with
ſo great 4 [I of gold and filver (to uſe Maltnesbuty's
words ) rhat rhe walls of the Church ſeem? d tov trait to
prodigivas to be-
bold ; for from one beam were ſeray d * 50 murks of filver.
And he endow'd it with fo great revenues, that Ro-
bert de Lineſey, Bilbbp of Lichfield ahd Cheſter, re-
mov'd his See & hither, bs to the golden ſands of Lydia; :
thet ( as the ſame Malmesbury hath it) be might fra!
from the treaſures of rhe Church wherewithall to
King's Coffers, to cheat the Poye of bit
ogy
near together, as it were rivalling
contain the treaſures of it. It wat
gratifie the Roman avarice. However,
a few years, return'd back to Lichfield; bur upon theſe
terms, that one and the lame Bithop thould be {tid
a. of Coventry and Lichfield. The firſt Lord of
mae thac I know of, was Leofrick ; who being
againft rhe Citizens, laid upon chetn very
heavy taxes: theſe he would by no means remit
(notwithſtanding the great interceſfion of his Lady
Godiva ) unleſs ſhe would conſent to ride naked thro?
the moſt frequenced patts of che city ; which (if
x Credit may be given to tradicion ) ſhe pe:form'd, ha-
Ying cover'd her body wich her long dangling hair,
without being ſeen by any one : and fo freed her Ci-
tizens from many heavy impoſitions. From Leofrick,
this City by Lucie his ſon Algar's davghttr, carte | of
City ſorties #
rge | rHuch of Covntry;
and neat ; fortify'd with very are Ay walls, _
Dis
==
gr of Cyr ;
|" tinte' | Ag bach flourfvd-4 Ken eee
non -rhoyer 4 Priges, cf
& hem the eletihg '
By an Henty $: Who
Ling je a [neighbouring Ar vides,
Beta hen" the Very words
- Ard veryy tn bifire Coy, Wweorgtrite
6 Med wt I, i ing vic) Pfu K evi
ood en ad Ye Otis For
; i" that which res by the
"S3 be Reta va fhidd-botie of 4
may wor ei ora ng os Warwick,
6e Pits of ng 4 kill in
, iſtet eta wh hi but rurn'> vp =
pit" or at is tow called Swanſew7- poo!
'Wi
ing | 4ncſett Chattes Swim/well. As co che Loagibge
of - this City. it'lies in 2g degtees, and _ {cruples ;
the Latitude ih $2.05 d- rgrees, amd 25 — That
ich yet ON A I ti
ouſly ackhow! ie perſon Who furniſh Km Faith
ic) you truſt know. have = from ms," but
froth Hetry Pirars & Badly. .t pre to be | ws
hone! for tk nh, 6 bs p great ktiow!ed
rex and whe Þ ant! thy vety oof Cignd why in this
courteouſly direted the, and ( a5
it were) gave n\& leave coli # my candle at _is('s ].
Near { atcker tothe North,are fruared Asffry, a Ca. Arey.
ſthe heretofore of the Hafingr Lords of Abergavenmy; Baud.
ahd ”* Byand,of old 4 fear ofthe Ptrdmns T6 the Eaſt is
placedcalouphdon, vulpatly call'd Caledon,aft ancient fear C:lcdon.
of the Barons Segrave,from whom it deſcended to the Barons
Barbris ot Zt+kfey, by one of the daughrers of Tho. ©
mas Mowbray o of Norfolk. Theſe Seprewt:
on ſtbin the cithe thar Stephen & Segrave was Lord
hief Juſtice of England ) were Barons of this
Realm,and enjoy'd r. inheritarice of the Chancumbs,
whoſe Arrtrs ot that time they aſſumed, viz. A Lion Arms ofthe
ranipant, Argent, crowned Or, in a ſhitld, Sable. Fohm 800:
che Naſt 'of this family, marry'd Margaret Dutcheſs of
Norfolk , daughrer tf Thomas de Brorherton ; and
had iſle E1zaheth, who carry4d the honodr of Mar:
ſhal of England, 2nd ticle of Duke of Norfolk, into
che family of the Mowb+ayt.
Not far from hence is | Brinkls, where was an 2n- Brink's-
cient caſtle of the vr to which belongd #**
many fair: lying round it : but rims hath
ſwept away the very rk of it {t]; 4 allo of the
Monaltery of Combe, which che Comwils and the Combe-
Mowbrays endow. Out of whoſe aſhes the Rir _—
ſtruure of the Harringrom aroſe in this plaes.
As you go Eaftward, Coftd-#6e prefents ic Fif,,
the of the Grevils; of whom 1 have before
made mention. Near which, Warlmgfrer, a Mi-
litary way of the Romans, dividing this Cotinty to
the North from Leicelterſhire, patles by High-crofs,
whactt we have already fpoken : near Nomr-ezten,
but
%. Malm-rb. See Dugdalc's Warwickſbire: »* Brandon.
al'd bur hately Ce/fttr-over by the inhabirames. Dugd. Warwickſh. p. 6.
* This muſt relete to Alexander de Saveniby, who was conſecrated 1224. and Iiv'd i7 the time of Pope Honorius 3. He was a very lextacd © man,
to vifions and apparitions (carce credible, fays Biſhop Godwin. #* Now beth theſe trades are mnch decayd. » Five hundred |
« Ancintly writ Th-fter Over, as being ſeated caftward of Monkr-kirby ; and
*> Ear of Louth, Gs. * And to build and embatile 4 wall abi? it-
which
— — _————
of Robert Boſſu Earl jb (as Henty Knight|
ron Writes). baving founded s Monaſtery, of Nyns baxw, |
in which ſhe ber ſelf was profeſs'd of that, nuowber ; iram |
chofe Nuns ic got the name of Nop- Baton, And. for-'
merly. it was of great fame for the piety of its holy
virgins, , who being conſtant in their deyorions, gave
2 ry of. holy. living to. alt about chem,
Near 1s {tood heretofore Afteley-co/t le the chief, ſeat
of. she family of the Ateleys ** - the heirefs of which
was the ſecond wile of Reginald Grey Lord. of Ratbin.
From. him ſprang the Grezs Marquiiles of Dore: Jome
of whom lye interr'd 3 in-the neat College here. -.-. |
ge i) 4
.A, liztle higher upon #/ecling free, (for fo chis Mil
tary, o ts OMANs 13 mplaaly call'd) wheye
Mendu:ſe- there. is a bridge of ſtone oyer the river
Aſtelcy.
Aron Ate.
Ys. |
a { f Anker, / Map: *
42% ter. duefſadurn is ſeated 5 a.town of very; great antiquity, :
NY: Ab Antoninus : which having not y&..al
CEL bo tes name, 15,call'd = |
nius's e,Caer Mancegued. Which name (lince 4
quarry ce-ſtone- lies near, ie, ) *ris probab
was. given it from the Hone there digg'd anc hew'd.
For in the Gloſſaries of the Britiſh c , we learn
that Main ſignifies a fore , and hoſfwad in | the
Provincial language, digging ; which being joyn'd
together , ſeem aptly enough to exprels the name
Mandueſſedum ('u ]. But how: great, .or of what
note ſoever it was in thoſe times , | 'tis now a
2r lictle village , containing not above fourteen
houſes ; and hath nojother monument of Anti:
quity to ſhew, but an old Fort, which they call Qls-
bury, i. &. an old Burrough | w|. Atherton on the
one ide ,, a well-frequented marker, { where the
Church of the '+ Friers was converted into a Chapel,
which nevertheleſs acknowledges that of Mancefter to
be the Mother Church 3) and: Nown-eaton on che other
ſide, have by their nearnels reduc'd ter to what
you ſee. it. Neighbour to Arberffon 1s Meri-val, i. e.
Merry-wale, where Robert de Ferrers built and dedica-
ted a Monaſtery to God and the bleſſed Virgin; in
which his body ,wrapp'd up in an Ox-hide,liesinterr'd.
Polcſw:h Beyond theſe, Northward,lies Polleſworth,where Mod-
wens an Iriſh virgin , fam'd for her wonderful piery,
built a Nunnery,which Robert Marmion,a Nobleman
(who had his caſtle in the neighbourhood at Sripper-
ſhull) repair'd [x]. Hard by alſo in the Saxon times
flouriſh'd a town ( of which there appear now but
Merv al.
GOR NN 4 Full:
2 ww_wg—_—
— — — —
— OO CO uo OG_—_
er,and in, Nig; | Cognilance,
very ſmall remains) call'd Secandanum, at this time
Seckinton ; where Fthelbald , King of the Mercians,
in a Civil war was aſſaffinated by ” Beared in the year
749 bur in a little time he was cut off by King Offa;
by the ſame means falling from the throne by which
he had impiouſly got it | y ]. |
To cloſe the whole , I muſt now give you a Ca-
talogue of the Earls of Warwick. And to paks over
Guar, Morindus , Guy that Echo of England,
and many more of that ſtamp , which the truitful
wits of thoſe times brought forth at one birth : Henry
ſon of Roger de Belomonte, brother of Robert Earl of
Mellent, was the firſt Earl of the Norman race, who
marry'd Margaret daughter of Ernulph de Heſdin,
Earl of Perch, a perſon of mighty power and au-
thority. Of this family there were , who bore chat
honour, Reger fon of Henry, Wiliem fon of Roger
Seckiuton.
the eighth by the
(who dy'd in the oth of King Heary the ſecond,)
which af old was call'd © Eaton ; but . Amitia the wiſc ''Walleran his brother, Henry lon of Walleran', -7hongg
his ſon (who dy'd without iſſue in the 26th pf Henry
the third;end his ſiſter-Mergery furviving, was Coun-
tsls of Harwich, and dy/d.ghildlek.; Her ewo huſ.
bands-nevertheleds, firſt |Zefw Adare/cbal, chen Fobn de þ,
Phſſets,.in right of cheir-wiſe, and by the favour of Raz,
their Princes were rais'd ) toithe honour. of Earls of
Warwick. /Bpt. thele dying. wichour any. iſſue by
Margery, |Walleton, Margery 's: uncle :by the father,
lucceeded-in the honour; apd-he dying without iſſue,
Alice his (hfter came to ther Inhericance.. Afterwards,
William her Jon-(calld Male-dottes, Maldvit,;and Men-
duit de Henglap,) who dyid alle without iſſue. But
Jiabet his ſiter being marry'd 40 illiem de Bello Camps,
or Beauchamp, Baron of .E{meſty, carry'd the Earidom
into the: family of the; ;Beaucbamps, Who, if I am
not miſtaken, becauſe they were deſcended from a
daughter of, Urſa« de Abjot; gave the Bear for their
| ilancey and left ir to their poſterity. Of this
family. thee were fix Eark and one Duke, //iliam
the fon of Jin Joly. Gop Themar Themes the younger,
Richard; and laſtly Henry, © whom King Henry the
ſixth made;/a Grant without. precedent, That he ſhould
be primier. Earl o Mo Hagonds one uſe this title,
Hewry primier Ear England, and Earl of Warwick. xc
He _ himalſo King of the Iſle of Wile aſter. iti
wards created him Duke of Warwick, and by the
expreſs words, of his Patent, granted that be ſbowld have
place in Parliament, and elſewbere, next to the Duke of
Norfolk, and before the Duke of Buckingham. He had
but one daughter , Anne , who in. the- Inquiſition; 24He
was ſtil'd Counteſs of Warwick, and dy'd in her In-
fancy. She was ſucceeded by Richard Newvill, who
had marry'd the daughter of the faid Duke of War-
wick ; a perſon of an invincible ſpirit, but changeable
and fickle in his Allegiance,the very ſport and tennis-
ball of fortune. Who, altho' Che himſelf, was
yet ſuperiour to Kings ; as being the perſon who de-
raay = the ſixth ( a moſt bountifub- Prince to
im) and fet up Edward the fourth in, his place.
Afcerwards he un-king'd him again, re-eltabliſhe Hen-
ry the ſixth in the Throne, and involv'd the king-
dom in the flames of a civil war , which were nor
extinguiſhe but with his own blood '1, Edward, fon
of one of his daughters by George Duke of Clarence,
ſucceeded ; whom Henry the ſeventh { for neither
youth nor innocence could prote&t him) to ſecure
himſelf and the line, put to death. The title of this
Earldom (which was become formidable to Henry
px troubles Richard Newil, that
ſcourge of Kings, created) lay dormant, till Ed-
ward the ſixth gave it to Fobn Dudley; deriving a
title from the Beauchamps. He ( as the before men-
tion'd Richard) endeavouring to ſubvert the Govern-
ment under Queen Mary , had his boundleſs ambiti-
on puniſhe wich the loſs of his head. But his ſons,
firſt Fobn, whilſt his father was living and Duke of
Northumberland, by the courtefie of England made
uſe of this title for ſome times : and afterwards 4Am-
broſe, a perſon moſt accomplithe in all heroick quali-
ties, and of a ſweet diſpoſition , by the royal favour
of Queen Elizabeth, had in my time the title reſto!'d
him **, maincain'd the honour wich great applauſe,
and at laſt dy'd without iſſue '7.
Beorured, Chrun. Sux.
a,
'» Out of which flouriſb'd Barens in the time of King Edward the firſt, ſecond, and third.
i+ Auguſtine Friers.
arred from all ber lands for ever, and kis two daughters, heirs to him, and heirs apparent to their mother berng married to George
, were enabled to enjoy all the ſaid lands, in ſuch wiſe as if the ſaid Anne their mother were naturally
Thamas Lord any ounded with a Dean and Secular Canins.
was excluded and de
Duke of Clarence, and Richard Duke of
a:rad. eupen the name, ftile and title
diſpaich'd by a ſweet death in 8 Butt of
ur 4 Gp rhild was bebeaded
Earl of Warwick and
7 addy os
» rH
ricd and dog 4
Sarisbury
cious brother Ki
tmſelf and bas po Wy The death of this Edward our £nceſtor: acccunted to be tht full p*-
_—
'; In a moſt fine and fair Collegiate Church, which
's After bus death, Anne his wife by 4 of Parliament
was granted te George Duke of Clarence , who ſoon after was unnaturai)
Eaw,4. Hu ſon Edward was ftil'd Earl of # arwick, and being
7. there wyre 1} feelds bt, 3 Kings of England, 1 Prince of Wales, 12 Dukes, 1 Marquis, 18 Earls, with
end of the ing war berween the two royal houſes of Lancaſtcr and York. # herein, as they reckon'd, frem the 28th year of Henry 6.
wnto this, being the 1 yeh Henry
Vicount, and 273 barons,
Knights and Gentlemen, loft thery lives.
the ieire males of his
la
after his broth;y Robert Earl VE Liefer
16 nd bis heirs males, and for defet# of them 1 Rubert kis brother, and
begotten, 1 7his Honeur Ambroſe bare with great cen mendation, and aicd without children in the year 158 g.ftert'f
In this County are 158 Pariſh-Churches.
ADDITIONS
TIA S EE RSMSE EG RS. EEE LC EE EC BEES ©
G,
*
* ſpect it affords from Edge-bill 5 but Edge-b44 it ſelf is
only to thirteen hundred and odd.
\ Branced till 4 Hear. 3. - Bur 'ris
——_— —
—_—_—
WARWICK SHDRE
+ 4 SO ETETE |S. F {bk wart wt EE 38- bares
"36:4 3 20 | 910d 3 T” 7 2003-66! dat bh. 10Gt ent SYHLL Avi; |
' i ; = c T *E*( '1 8 £4 | =
- ADDITIONS-ro WARWICK SH
[4.4 "#93 9333 $1542 BY 1&7 11 | 9G) V9 £::2 30 of ef $1
- a conſiderable ſtock of: R
almoſt — with old Roman =
T: $ County at firſt fight ſhould prothite | <ularly-; of EfuarZithe Confeſlor or Hite the
which gener
ſure. Watling ftreet runs along
freet upon the Welt, and both are cut by the Feſt,
crofling it from South-weſt to North-caft: And had
but Sir Williem Dugdale took the liberty of, making
larger digreflions of that. kind; either in the body ot
his work , as ſuch places lay in his way ,| or in the
method: which Dr. Plott
fuch Antiquities an ix tO. his elaborate work;
we ſhould probably have found the diſcoveries an-
ſwerable tothe appearance, and that thoſe ways would
have contri the ſame afliftance co that , as
they do in other Counties, dare not call it an omifli-
on, becauſe it did not ſo diredly fall under: his des
fign ; bur if it were,thoſe many excallent digreflions
he has given us concerning the nature and difference
of Monaſtick orders, ecrations of Churches, and
ſuch like, would make _ flatisfation; However,
ſince we cannot compels the whole, let us be content
with what we have z and accompany. Mr,Camden 'to
the ſeveral parts of this County. a1
(a] Only, we muſt premi&e/fomethitigof.the con-
dicion of its ewo general branches, -Feldan; and Hood
land... \ That the firſt ,was; ance. excedding- populous,
may certainly be inferr'd from the numbers -of villa-
ges enter'd in Domelſday;. che ſituation whereof arg
now 'known only by their puins, or at; moſt by. a cory
tage.or two of a Shepherd's, who ranges over. arid
manages as much ground as; would. have-employ'd a
dozett Teems,, and maintainid, forty or:fifry Families
The reaſon of converting ſo. much Tillage into. Pat
ſure in this part, ſcams to be the great progreb tlie
Woodlenders have made in Agriculture, by which
means the County began to want Paſture. [For the
Iron-works in 'the Counties: round, deſtroy'd ſuch
prodigious quantities of. wood, that they iquickly lay
the Country a little open, and by degrees made room
for the plough., Whereupon the Inhabizants, y
by their own induſtry, and partly: by he-affiltance
of Merle,and of other uſeful concrivances,bave turn'd
ſomuch of Wood and Heath-land into'-Tillge and
Paſture, that they produce corn, catte], :cheele, and
butter enough, not only for their own uſe, buralſo to
furniſh other Counties ; whereas, withiathe memory
of man, they were ſupply'd with Corn; &e; trom the
Flldon.
[b] Feldon is recommended for the 'delicate pro-
lince become much more conkderable for that ſignal
batel foughe there berween'the King apd Parliament,
Xpt. 9. 1642. The generality of our Hiſtorians com-.
pute the number of the lain to have been five or fix
thouſand, but by the ſurvey taken by Mr. Fiſher, Vi-
car of Kineton (who was appointed by the. Ear] of
Eſſex for that purpoſe) the liſt of the ſlain amounted
On the Noth-eaſt corner of Edpe-bil ſtands Raz/ey;
call'd falſly by. our Auchor Rodley, it never appearing
under that name : only in Domeſday-beok: ic is 141+
deed call'd Roreles. The fortification he mentions; :45
not round, but quadrangular, and contains about 'z2
acres. Near which within our memory, were found
a ſword of braſs, and a battle-ax : ſomething of- this
kind our Author obſerves to have been diſcover'd at
the foot of St. Michael's Mownt in Cornwall. |
The ſhape of the horſe mention'd by our Author
5 on the fide of Edge-bill 3 and the..trenches that
form it are cleans'd and: kept open. by. a neighbour-
Ing Freeholder, who holds lands by that ſervice. |
ſe} Kineton cannot, be: (as Mr.Camden would have
it) deriv'd from iis; market of kive, becauſe Henry 1;
gave this Church under the niame of Chimen to the
of Kenilworth, whereas ghe- market was not
tt had that
ſince us'd , making |:
| rothe inhabiranrs hereof paid C fillings "_y
[f ] From hence tb the Souch-weſt lyes CheFterron, Chlt:riow:
an
—
— i 44 _—_— ———— —
:
* +, 4 Y +
- oo CS \ v9 ® ® © 4
.
a Aa4 vily
Yr 3i 3& of
I" Mts ret -
-
\
z4
4
*
.
A
.
R |
dV 4 VE
SIC .
»1þ: 1
mom 153:
fra Þ
TIO] hn: 4riget
| army matting _ —_— of the cow;
; pointe > gz? i ca :Caſthe-hill rhete has
- afford: us the largeſt trea-. FO
the Eaſt-part, Yhenild-
been a Ca#le(as.appears by a lice mountwlſtuys)
and a broad and deep dicch round it,) where tradition
fays King Fobw kept his Court 3 \a-Spring | alſo :at'the
= area Rs. OO day by rhe-name of King
. fobn's well, © +: | 2.24 m0 ob
towns given: by: Leoffick Earl-of: Mercia 'to the
onaltery of Govemry ; in his: Charter calf & Chad:
defleybunt', andin Domeſday. Cedeſieſhunte. *'Tis:pro-
bable nt had -that name from 'S/ Chedde, cAtFd allo
Ceilde, ad Ceadde. ' For in the-Chapel yard: was:an
ancient ;Oratory;and in it(as the Inhabitants report)
the Image of Sr:Chadde ; by reaſon'of the 'refore of
alſo-a:Well or: Spring , that ſtill rerains the name of
nour was held of Henry de. Ferrers at the: time of the
Conqueſt, and\cdntinues at this day-in-the hands of
his poſterity ofthe male-linez ach an uninterrupted
fucceffion of owners for fo many ages, as we feldom
meet wich. "Till Henry che-thirds'cime it was their
principal ſeat: then-removing into Derby ſhire, chey
took the riame/ of Shirley, and the preſent Lordof this
placeris-Sir Robert Shirley, Bavonecr, ©: | +1 - |
placgerMr.Camer tells us Robert
ron by K. James 1. * Dugdale alſo ſays that. Sir' Robe?
Edicions of our Auchor)was he oponwhom K&Fumes r.
g#nthe-2 xth of July, and firſt year of his'reips) com
ferr'd che: dignity of - a. 'Baron: under the-crit]e: of
r.0t H/drmlerighton t whole: grandibn-» Heary
Lord Spenſer being advanc'd by 'K: Charles. the firft
tothe title of :Barl 'of tandt,: and-.arv arms
for that Prince'in the-late civil wars; loſt his life -ir
checficſt -barrebob! Newbury be ot ts 0408;
'- [e} Next we go forward to RIS calld
from the river Ichene on which ic
of; Worceſter ; who being educatediin the Abbey of
Peterburrcw, was ſhorn a Monk-in the Monaſtery at
Worceſter, and afterwards became Biſhop of the pidee
An. 1060. upon the removal 'of 4ldrd to the'Seg'of
York. This town was anciently one of the chief of
this County, as appears by the large number of hides
it contain'd in the: Conquerour's Survey , and = its
being rank'd-in the number of choſe-fews, which in
15 Hen. 2. were put under the title De au*3lio: willa-
rum & orum ad maritandam ful Reg, whereun -
which ſhows a threefold .evidence of | irs ' antiquity ;
the fiſt ic carriesin the name zfor the Saxon Cearrep,
and fo our Chefer, comes plainly/ from the Romati
Caftrum, and 15 not originally ia German word, but
vsd by them 'here in England after the Romans had
kefe ic... And chis is plain from Mo. Burton's obſerva-
tion; That he -:never- found the termination: added
to: any places, but ſuch only where: the Romans'had
built their Cafrs. The ſecond mark; is its:neameH3
tothe Roman Af, upon which'tiz evident that at con-
venient:daſtences, , places of ; entertainment-were buile
for the-receprion of the Armiesir their march. The
third token'ss;! that in the compats within whiclythe
Roman buildiog is ſuppos'dto have ſtood, feveral old
coins hare: been \digg'd up. And'theſe chree argu
meuss amount to liccis leſs than a domonftratior of irs
Roman antiquity. - - oy bak (arniog 2007 7
{g} Ler usnow return tothe: Eaſt» part, and follow
the courſe of the river 4ven ; upon which we: firſt
meet with Rugby, in Domesday
bery, which name | Sir Willtam
gs poileſian of the Kings, parti- |
he) hers « weſtward from thu town about 6 _—
6 = N7 3© Of
North-eaft from Kineton is' Chadfhunt ; one bf the Chidſhunr,
Pilgrims worth 16 1.:per As. to the; Prieſt. (Here ig "gy 60
vel. '* = |
-: Not far, fromi hence is Nerber Ealendon , which mia! Nether Ex-
vifd] More Eaftward ſtands Homlightw, of which Worm
was Creared By: *'5h0%
* Hnge
Spier; fon to Sir John;(and not'Sir Folw,asit jgin-ſfotne 1170,
' Ieb ; t and-mes + Dugeas
morable-for thie birth of S. Wolfan the famous Biſhop p30.
wrizten Rocks. 08d:
am Dagdate derives front | warwick.
2 Roche, a rock or quarrey of [tome.; Fer ſweb: (fays fhire,pi6
———
——— ————
CORNMMKRAITL
, # k %..0 — : S
- —_
—o— us qa— —
—— To - =
* On tt uu A vo ne IS ne os OIL Im, «
and tis like that the ground whereon the town Hands
eb, m Vu ſane conlitim, There wa ny
whit 2 youre Hulſe
bro 6 eBags is to be ſeen by the
of the moat yet remaining.
Thefore cited Anchor is of opinion: (tiat itt was buutt
in: che time of ' King Stephen, who {caring an; inv4-,
ſion: from the Empref, granted :leavei co the Nobiki-
ty.co# build every man his caſtle within his'own'
- Not far from Rugby is Brownſover ,/ upon the Eaft-
bank of the river: Sift ; in the _— whereof (5
alſo of many other names of the ſame termination)!
I muſt crave leave to diffent froth bir William Dog dale,
who. tells us thatower us'd upon thoſcoccaſions , fig
nifies 4ways faprs, above, over;,-or) higher. Ahd
where it has nether anſwering it | in: the name of a
place at fome lictle diſtance, the. caſe: is plain 3 but
whenever ſuch a place ftands upon a' river, 1 think it
ismore natural to fetch it from the Saxon opne; ro,
a bank, which as'it is fuiced to the condition. of. the
place, ſo does it prevent the abſurdity of laying down
a relative. name. without a correlative to r/it.
This conjeQure will, I am confident , approve it ſelf
by-inſtances in moſt Counties in England , as ie does!
particularly in Warwickſbire. 49 |
More towards:the Weſt we find Srretron, ſo nam'd'
from its ficuation upon that Strarum: or Street of the
Romans call'd the Fo... There is another place of this
name not far from'Stowin Lincolnſhire, which like-
wile ſtands upon a Roman Cauſey ; | and that name,
whereſoever it occurs:throughout this kingdom, ſeems
to have the ſame original : which obſervation-may
perhaps now and then be of uſe to perſons of catio-
wy 0 inclinations lead them to the tracing out
of ways. © 40.3 ne
: Going ng with the Foſs towards Leiceſterſhire,
at a lite diſtance from it, is Monks-kirkby, where are
certain takens. of a Roman ſtation. | For by digging
the ground 'near the Church, there , have 'been
diſcoyer'd: the foundations of old walk and Roman
bricks || There are nan ven or —_— of carth
in an adjoyning: PV. y the monu-
ments Os of ſome military perſons in
thoſe days : which badges. are ſufficient ro prove,
that it hath been a-place of note many hundreds of
years ſince. ; Bute what my Author adds; And it
wvery well be, that thoſe materials for building, by reaſon of
the rains before mention'd, ſo ready at band, became a ſþe-
cial rnotwue to that renown'd Lady Fthelfieda ( ſo much
taken notice of by our old Hiſtorians, and ftild Mercio-
| Thic
TT 7
es INTO Our
by or biez nor is this termination the ſame
with byrig (as Sir. William Dugdale intimates) which
reaſon is, _—_— _” offers ic ſelf
eſt- of Sheds, hich a it ke
the bid-name, fo lying upon the frontiers of the kings
dom- of Afercia, and not far from the Severn, it ſeems
to: me a:much more; proper place than the other.
Next is Warwick, | in the deſcription
all the publick- buildi
the. four ways I
g The Caftle i5 now made a moſt noble and de.
inegn whe funk, $4 wt wn Jr Nont
ide it ſtands even with the town, which particularly
is adorn'd with wo publick buildings, a Cownty-hall
and a' Martedhouſe; and is rigw fapply'd:witfiwater
he -in--pipes fromi-Springs at RA # milfs di.
ante: inn; ' 2 6 EPIC 'oTzaif > 3
{k ]: Beſides che' monuments of the Beawchamys, the
Church, of $6 Mary is Hononr'd with thoſe of K oberr
and Ambroſe Dudity Earls of Deicefter. On the north
fide ati of the Quire, Mm an oftahgular rootn' ( for-
merly: che r-houſe )- ia ſtately monument
( black'ard white marble of Fulk Lord Brook, ere-
Red” by | himſelf in his Hife-time, and circumſcrib'd
with chis Epitaph : Falk Groth, - ſervant 19 Queen Eli-
zabeth, Counſellor 16 King Fame, and friend to Sir Phi-
lip Sidnty; Trophaum Feroari. In. the Church it felf
lies Foby Rows, a native of this place, and Chantry.
prieft of Guys CiiF. | Sir William Dvgdale "calls him
a famout Amiquary 5 and Leland and Bale give him a
racer as'ample, whery they tell us, he had devo-
ted himſeWf whotly to the ſteady and ſearch of Anti-
quities, particularly of this his native/placez and to
that end had view'd ard-examin'd moſt Libraries in
England. Hers lies alſd Fobn Corrwright ( firſt Ma-
ſter of the' Earl of Leiceſters Hoſpital )) whom
Mr. Camden in his Elizebeth tiles Inter Puritanos An-
tefignanus.
| 1} The ftory of th#&'fimous Guy of this place is fo
much obſcur'd by fables and:Romances, that 'tis diffi
cult to determine how: far it obght tobe credited,
Tis certain however, [that fome Centuries ſmee, the
greateſt of the'Earks of Warwick have paid a-mighty
venerarion 10: his memory. - William Beaacharyy calld
his eldeft for after him; Guy:z Thomas, by his laſt
will; bequearh'd the Sword and Coat of Mail of this
Gu, to his ſon3' atjother Cheiſten'd a younger ſon by
che name of his ſucceſſor, and dedicated to him a no-
ble Tower, the walls whereof are 10 foot thick; the
circumference 125, the height from the- bottom of
che ditch upward, 113 foot. Another left a Suit of
Arras, wherein were wrought 'the heroick Acts of
Gwy, a5 an heirloom to- his family. Laſtly, his ſword
and other'' Accoutrements, now to be ſeen in the
Caſtle, were by Patent x Hen. 8. granted to Willimm
may | Hoggeſon Yeoman of the Buttery, with the fee of two
mo per. diem for that ſervice. Whether ic was the
pag]
e of this Heroe that put a ſpirit in his ſaccel-
, I know not; but we find by our Hiſtories, that
from the Conqueſt to the death of Ambroſe Dudley,
there was ſcarce any one conſiderable {cene of action,
wherein: the Earls of Warwick made not a great
figure.
5 wo miles below Warwick is Barford, where there oz
is ſtill living one Samwel Fairfax, born in the year
1647. who when he was 12 years of age, dwelt under
the ſame roof and ear ar the fame table with his father
and-mother, 'grandfacher ' and grandmother, great
grandfather and great 'grandmother ; who all liv'd
very happily together :' and none of the three gene-
rations of either ſex had been twice marry'd.
[(m}] Ther the Avon runs to Stratford, - given by
Ethelardus a Viceroy of Worceſterſhire, to the Biſhop-
rick of Worceſter, 300 years before the Conquelt
The Church was Collegiate, and the College is ſtil!
ſtanding : in the Chancel lies William Shakeſpear, 2
native of this place, who has given proof - of bis
_ and' great abilities, in the 48 Plays he has lefc
ind him. "The ſtone that covers him has this
Inſcription :
Good friend, for Feſus ſake, forbear
To dig the du For, my |
Bleft bebe man who ſpares theſe ſtones,
And cart} be be that moves my bones.
[n] From hence we are carry'd by the ſame river
to the Arrow, which runs into-this a little below Bi- 4"
ford. I was once of opinion that it was this river the
Danes fail'd up when they had a deſign npon the
kingdom of Mercia; being induc'd eo it by the com-
«4 bu wy
_ confecture, ' and che fitniljcude of Appar the a7
cient
+ oo 4 aw ww
— kk OO 3 2_WwW
w
1-6 & = OO vw =, ,, O04 * =
ry
——_
_
w
wy
ww mA 6 _+a rs L
wer.
558,
_—— 0 2 ow cc oc et
FR
—_ [3
, j
_ Yr rr erm
' field, where the Earls of Warwick had a Chaſe of
i.
S Doo
FARWICKSHIRE
cient name and Arrow the preſent. What made ir
yet more plauſible, was, the reading of Florence of
Worceſter and Hovden, wherein I fad the fame ri-
ver call'd Arewe. But upon wegningr/ Og. Circum-
itances of that action, I found a neceflity of quitting
my opinion, tho' without che good fortune of meet-
ing wich any other place where I could ately fertle it.
For firlt, Arrow riſes in Worceſterſhire, and does not
run long before it joyns it {elf to the Avon, being no
way fo conſiderable as to be capable of carrying veſ-
ſels, tho' vety:tmall. Then the hiſtory tells us, they
went out of the Thames, and after they had compalsd
cheir deſign, brought the ſpoil into the river Medw
in Kent ; which makes it very probable, that this
place was not at fo great a diſtance as Warwickſhire.
What if we ſhould ſay that Orwe!, a good large river
which parts Eſſex and Suffolk, was the place. 'Tis
more than probable, that this initial Oy - was for-
merly Ar, becauſe that change has been very uſual,
and at the ſide of this river is a place call'd Arwerton ;
and why may not Harwich have been formerly call'd
Appic, and not Hepepic, as Camden imagines, who
very often ſets down Saxon names without the autho-
rity of Records, unleſs he had fome which I could
never yet ſee. If chis conjeQure ſeem a little too
much itrain'd, why may not the reading of the Sa-
xon Annals, 1nzo Appan, be falfe for zo Appan, and
ſo that name rather denote the place whither they
went, than the river 2 Nothing is more common in
ancient Copies than ſuch errors; and if Appan may
be changed into Wapan, the river may be Lee, and
and the place Ware. But theſe are bare conjectures,
to which I cannot reaſonabi) challenge any man's po-
ſitive aflent.
[0] Leaving the Avon, and following the river
Arrow, we firſt meet with Alceſter; || the cermination
whereof tempts us to expect ſomething of Antiquity.
Ie's ſituation likewiſe upon the Roman way Thenild
freet, raiſes our expectation yet higher ; and upon
the authority of Sir William Dugdale ( who tells us
that old foundations of buildings, Roman bricks, and
coins both of gold, ſilver, and braſs, have been fre-
guently found there ) we need not ſcruple to affirm
that this was formerly a Roman Station. About fifty
years ago, in an old foundation where they were
digging a Cellar, there was an urn taken up, with
600 and odd pieces of Roman coin in ic; eight of
them gold, and the reſt filver. Moſt of them are of
Roman Emperours, and the Reverſes generally diffe-
rent. They fell Go the rigat honourable the Lord
Erooke, as L ord of the manour z and are now in the
hands of his Lady.
'p] To follow Mr. Camden, let us next go to
Kenelworth, or Killingworth, which palsd from Robert
Dudley Earl of Leiceſter to Sir Robert Dudley his na-
tural fon, who ſold it to Prince Hemry 3 and he dying
without iſſue, it came into the hands of Prince
Charles, who commirted the cuſtody of it to Robert
Earl of Monmouth, Henry Lord Carey his eldeſt ſon,
and Tho. Carey Eſquire ; the inheritance whereof is
granted to Lawrence Viſcount Hide of this place, and
Earl of Rocheſter. King Edw. 2. was for ſonie time
detain'd Prifoner here. They {till find balls of
ſtones 16 inches diameter, ſupposd to have been
thrown in ſlings in the times of the Barons wars.
Robert Earl of Leiceſter is ſaid to have Jaid out 60000
pound in repairing, building, and adorning it. He
entertain'd Queen Elizabeth and the Court 17 days,
with all the varieties and magnificence both of fealt-
ing and ſhews. In which time he ſpent 320 hogſheads
of ordinary beer, as appears by the accounts of his
Steward. The Caſtle, in che late Civil wars, was
demoliſh'd by thoſe that had purchas'd it of the Par-
liament wich deſign to make money of the materials.
'q}] In the utmoſt Northern bound is Sutton-Cole-
great extent. The market 'is now almoſt wholly
diſuſed ; and the Biſhop of Exeter mention'd by
apr, lied and dy'd here in the 103. year of
5 ape,
[r] Next is Co/eſk;Þ, where in an old foundation.
was lately. dug up a Roman copper Coin of Trajar's:
that it was purchas'd by Sir William Dug dale, and was
his place of reſidence when he compil'd that accu-
rate and elaborate work, his Antiquities of this Coun-
o
towers whereof were demoliſh'd at the Reſtoration,
by command of King Charles 2. the gates only left
ſtanding ; by which one may gueſs at the ſtrength
and beauty of che former. Edward 4. for their diſ.
loyalty took the Sword irom the Mayor, and ſeiz'd
their Liberties and Franchiſes ; which they redeem'd
for ov marks. In memory of feofic ( who dy'd
13 of Edward the Confeſſor) and Godiva his Coun-
tels, their pitures were ſet up in the windows
Trinity Church, with this Infcription ;
I Larick for the love of thee
Do ſet Coventry toll-free.
And a Proceſſion or Cavilcade is ſtill yearly made iri
memory of Godiva, with a naked figure, repreſenting
her riding on horſe-back through the City. They
have a ſtately Croſs buile (33 Hen. 8.) by Sir 7/"lliam
Hollies, ſometime Lord Mayor of London, for work-
manſhip and beauty inferiour to few in England.
The City, among other things, is famous for the ewo
Parliaments held in it ; the former in the 6 Hen. 4.
call'd from the excluſion of the Lawyers Parliamentum
ndoftorum ; the latter in the 38 Hen. 6. from the At-
tainder of Richard Duke of York, the Earls of Salis-
bury, Warwick, and March, call'd by ſome Parlia-
mentum Diabolicum. Since our Author's time, it hath
afforded the title of Earl to George Villiers, created
Earl of Coverury and Duke of Buckingham, 18. May
21 Jac. r. in which honours he was ſucceeded by his
ſon of the ſame name.
lick Records, or ſome other Authorities, would cer-
tainly have taken notice of it. If we ſhould carry it
back to: the times of the Romans, there are ſeveral
circumſtances which ſeem to juſtifie ſuch a conje-
Aure. As, the Saxons very often applying their
bleap ( from whence our low comes ) to ſuch places
as were remarkable for the Roman Tumul;; that.
there is an eminent tumulzs, upon which the Keep
or Watch-cower of the caſtle did ſtand ; that it lies
upon the Roman Foſſe; and is at a convenient di-
{tance from the Bemnnones. |
(u] Pafling hence northward to the river Anker,
firm'd to be the ancient Mandueſſedum, by divers
coyns of ſilver and braſs, which have been by digging
and plowing frequently brought to light.
antiquity, as appears by a Quadrangular Fort con-
taining ſeven acres of ground. In the North-part of
it, there have been found ſeveral flint-ſtones about
four inches in length, curiouſly wrought by grind-
ing or ſome ſuch way. The one end is ſhap'd like
the edge of a Pole-ax ; and by Sir William Dugdale
they are thought to have been weapons us'd by the
Britains, before the art of making arms of brab and
iron, They muſt have been brought hither for ſome
extraordinary uſe, becaule there are no flints to be
found within 40 miles of che place. One of them is
now to be ſeen in Aſhmole's Muſaum at Oxford.
lies Polleſworth, where Sir Francs Netherſole, a Kentiſh
Gentleman, and ſometime publick Orator to the
Univerſity of Cambridge, at the inſtance of his La-
dy, built a Free-ſchool ; on the front whereof is this
Inſcription :
Soli Deo Gliria.
Schola pauperum
Puerorum. Puecllarum.
He enſeoft ſix Gentlemen and feven Divines in as
much as amounted to 140 /. per amam ar the leaſt,
for a liberal maintenance of a School-maſter and.
ichool-miſtreſs to teach the children of the "_
art-
and not far from it, Blith, memorable for nothing but |
And what _— was to be employ'd in
tab's
[s] We come next to Coventry , the walls and Covenery.
[t] From Coventry let us paſs to Brinklow, famous Brinklow.
ſor an ancient caſtle. Þ Ir is, in all probability, old- # Dugd.
er than the Norman Conqueſt, otherwiſe our pub. V*P'#
on the weſtern bank thereof we find Mancerer, Con- Manceter.
: w] In the fame Pariſh is O!4bury, a place of great Oldbury.
x} On the other. fide of the river, northward, Pollefeorrtis
516
— - -
Seckinton.
grows common with us us ſofter, and will not ſhave or poliſh |
table uſes, ſich as he in his life time ſhould think fir, |
and in default of his own aQtually difpoſing 'of it,
left it co the diſcretion of his Truſtees. He likewiſe
he built a fair houſe for the Vicar of Polleſworth. |
[y] Farther North is Seckinron. which as it is me-.
morable for the battel between #cheibald and'Beorn-
red , fo I may further add that it rook its name from '
that engagement ; yecce in Saxon ſignifying barrel, |
and oun ©
bil. Scarce a furl-ng north of the Church, is a no-
table fort, and near it an artificial hill of 4; foot
high.
Continuation of the E AR LS.
Ambroſe Dudley the laſt Earl , dying in the year
1589. Robert L ord Rich of Leeze was created Earl
of Warwick 16 Jac. 1. and ſoon after dying , was
ſucceeded by his ſon, and grandſon, both Roberts.
Charles, brother to the latter , was next Earl, who
dying 24 Aug. 1673. left the hononr to Robert Rich,
Earl of Holland, his Coufin-german. Which Rober:
was ſucceeded in both the honours by Edward his fon
and heir.
More rare Plants growing wild in Warwickſhire.
Though I have lived ſome years in ths County , yet
have I met with no pecullar local plants growing theres :
the more rare and uncommon are,
Cyperus gramineus miliaceus Ger. Adiler-Cyperms-
graſſe , mentioned in Eſſex. Frequent by the river Tames-
ſides near Tamworth, and elſewhere.
Cyperns longus inodorus fylveſtris Ger. Gramen
cyperoides altifimum foliis & carina ferratis P. Boc-
cone. Log rooted baſtard Cyperw. In boggy places by
the river Tame at Dorſtbill near Tamworth.
Equiſetum nudum Ger. junceum ſeu nudum Park.
foliis nudum non ramoſum 1. jpanceum C. B. Naked
Horſe-tail or Shave-graff. Thu ſpecies w more rare in
England. We found it in @ moiſt ditch at Middleton to-
wards Drayton. It is brought over to ms from beyond Sea,
and employ d by artificers for polifoing of weſſels, handles of
fools, and other utenſils : it w ſo bard that it will touch
iron it ſelf. 1 am informed by my bonoured Friend Mr.
Fobn Awhrey, that it xs to be found in a rivulet near
Broad-ſtitch Abbey in Wiltſbire plentifully. That ſort which
wood, much leſs iron.
Juncus lzvis minor panicula glomerata nigricante ;
call'd by thoſe of Montpellier, with whom alſo it s found,
Juncus ſemine Lithoſpermi. Black-headed Ruſh with
Gromil-ſeed. In the ſame places with the Cyperus lon-
gus inodorus. |
CORNAPIIL
—_ cyperoides paluſtre elegans ſpica cempoſira
aſperiore. - Elegant Cyperm-graſi with a rough compound
bead. ' It a Pool at Alters towards ys s
Gramet# eyperoides polyſtachion mayus, ſpicis tere-
tibos ereftis. Cyperoides anguſtitolium ſpicis longis
ereftis C. B. Great Cyperws-graff with round upright
/þtkes. In ſeveral pools about Middleton.
Lunaria minor , Ger. Park. Moomwort. Thu ts found
which afterwards was chang'd into rom ) a | i” ſeveral cloſes abowr Sutton-Colfeld, on the weſt fide of
the town.
Narciſſus fylveſtris pallidus, calyee;tureo C. B.
Pleudo-narciſſus Anglicus Ger. Anglicupwraulgaris Park.
Bulbocodium vulgatms F. B. Wild Englih Daffod;].
In ſome paſtures about Sutton Colfeld on the Eaſt ſide of the
town plenmtifully.
Ranunculo ſive Polyanthemo equarcili albo affine
Millefolium maratriphyllum fluitans F.B. Millefolium
maratriphyllum Ranunculi flore Park. Millef. aquat,
foliis Feeniculi, Ranunculi flore & capitulo C. B. Fen-
nel-leav'd Water-Crowfoot. In the River Tame, and the
Breoks that run into it plemifully. It » alſo found in the
river Ouſe near Oxford. It is a perfet genume Crow-foot,
——_— fo be calfd Ranunculus aquaticus Fcoeniculi
oliis.
Turritis Ger. vulgatior F. B. Perk. Braffica fylveſtris
foliis integris & hiſpidis C. B. Tower-muſtard. On Dor:-
thill-bill near Tamworth.
Vaccinia rubra buxeis foliis Park. Red-whorts or
Bill-berries. See the other Synonymes in Derbyſhire, On
the black boggy-heaths between Middleton and Sutton.
4 1m ſylaticum 7b. Ger. ſylvaticum tenuiſli-
mis fetis C. B. omnium minimum tenuifolium Park.
Equiſetum ſive Hippuris tenuiflima non aſpera F. B.
Wood- Horſetail. In moiſt places, and by the watery
ditches by the wood-fide on the right hand as you go from
Middleton to Sutton, @ little befor you come to the
heath,
Erica baccifera procumbens nigra C. B. baccifera
procumbens Ger. baccifera nigra Park. baccifera Mat-
thioli F. B. Black-berried Heath, Crow-berries or Crake-
berries. On the moiſt banks by the new Park at Middle-
ton, on that ſide next London-road , where 3s alſo found
Oſmunda Regalis.
Biſtorta major Ger. maj. vulgaris Park. maj. rugoho-
ribus foliis F. B. maj. radice minus intorta. The greater
Biſtort or Snakeweed. In the meadows at Taprworth and
Faſely plentifnlly.
Vitis Idza Thymi foliis. Idza paluſtris C. B. Vac-
cinia paluſtria Ger. Park. Oxycoccus feu vaccinia
paluſtria F. B. Marſh Whortle-berries , Moſ*s-berries ,
Moor-berries or Corn-berries. In the mooriſh grounds and
quagmires in Sutton-Colfeld- park plentifully.
WORCEST
H E Second Province of the Corna-
vii having now changed its name, is
from the principal town call'd in La-
tin Wigornienſis Comitatus, in Saxon
W1inecearren-rcype, and in the pre-
tent Fa2lifh, Worceſterſhire [a]. The Inhabitants here-
of with their neighbours, in the time of Bede, be-
fore England was divided into Counties, were call'd
'b] Wiccis, which name, if not given them from the
winding courſe of the river on which they dwell (for
as 1 have before obſerv'd, the Saxons ſtil'd the wind.
ing reach of a river, pit, ) may ſeem to be deriv'd
from the Salr-pits, which the ancient Engliſh in their
language nam'd #itches. For in this Country there '
ER S'H ES.
ſeeing there are many inſtances hereof in all Coun-
tries ; and our Anceſtors the Germans ( as Tacitms 1C-
ports) firmly believed ſuch places to be neareſt Hea-
ven ; and that mens prayers are no where ſooner
heard by the Gods.
This County lies bound:d by Warwickſhire on the
Eaſt, by Glocefterſhire on the South ;3 by the Coun-
ties of Hereford and Salop on the Weſt , and on the
North by Steffordſhire. "To ſay all in one word; the
Air and Soil are both fo propitious, that it's inferiour
to none of its neighbours, either for health or plen-
ty *. It produceth eſpecially Pears in great abun-
dance, which though not grateful to nice palate*,
nor dothey keep well;yet they afford a vinous juice of
————————_—_—
51
are noble Brine-pits ; and many Salt-ſprings are ever | which is made a fort of counterfeit wine cali'd Pyrry, ?5r7
and anon diſcover'd, but are preſently ſtopp'd up,
becauſe, as I learn from ancient writings, they are ;
obliged, for the preſervation of wood, to make Salt |
only in one place. Nor let it be thonght improba- |
ble.that places ſhould take their names from Sa/r-pits,
which is very much drunk ; chough it be, like other
liquors of that kind,both cold and flatulenc.
Neicher is it leſs happily accommodated with wa-
ter, for it hath in all parts very fine rivers, which fur-
niſh it plentifully with filh of the moſt delicious
_—_
i
_
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H_—_— .
4ermin-
m_—
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er.
a ry:
27. old
my
aQ If
—
ter juſHly taking that namefrom, its molt
kinds.., Not- to mention thoſe which are le remark-
able, the moſt noble river of Severn dire&s the courſe
of, its, rich ſtream from ,Narth co South through the
very middle of; .the County., and Aven; waters/ the
South-part cheroof in its way out of Warwickſhire into
Severn eÞ 3c Mf7%. | C3 USogh'y mes 12> ©Y
. Severn at - its very firſt entrance into this Conn-
Kidderminſter and Beawdley Legs
nt {-
tuation, upon-the declivigy- of a hill over the We-
{tern bank of the rivec-.;,1 was lately remarkable for
che wonderful height of the trees in the adjacent 1 fo-
"wy
Fronde coronat ang ue |
Me WW 2 4 l L b | x
Whieh'J/jre's tall Oaks $ brariches crown.
But now. this/ittle town 1 ovly for. its deli-
cate ſituationiand beauty z-40gt with [the Palace
of © Tickenbal, which King Henry the feyenth; buile
to be a place of retirement far, Prince Archer 7.
The former, Kidderminfer,; which is ;alſo call'd
KiddeJminiter, ies over againlt iron the Eaſtſide, but
at a greater. diſtance from the river; which is a neat
cown, and 4 niarket well furniſh'd widP all commo-
dities, divided by che lictle;raver Stowr which, runs
through ie. 'The groah OrNAments it at pre-
ſcat, are, a very fair Church , in which, of the
eminent family of the Cokeſeys lye interr'd ; and a
fine houſe of the Blownts,a good. family honour'd: wich
But anciently this place was of note for its. Lords
the Bſſets, who were in their time very: great,men ;
whole rich Patrimony at length coming to a diviſion
among ſiſters, part went.to the Barons. of Abergeven-
and part, to an Hoſpital of Leprous: women
lifyre; which houſe, one of thele ſiſters, being
her ſelt a Leper, built and endowed with her ſhare
of the eſtate 9]. Afterward it gave the title of Baron
to Fobn Beauchamp, Steward of the Houſbold to K;-
chard the ſecond, who by his Letters Patents. created
him Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminiter,, Soon after
this, he, with many other eminent perians, in defi-
ance of that King, was condemned and beheaded by
the Barons, -who. making, an Infurre&ion with the
Commons, in- contempt.of the King's Authority ,
call'd all his prime Favourites to account, for male-
adminiſtratian. |
Hence Severs taking ſomewhat an oblique courſe,
ſaluces Hertlebury, a Caſtle: of: the Biſhops of Worce-
Her, not far diſtant ; and ſo goes on to Holt, which
hath that name from the thick #ood:s, a caltle ancient-
ly belonging to. the Abrots, and ſince to the Beau-
champs, who ſpringing from William Beauchamp, fir-
nam'd the blind Baron, grew up into a very honour-
able family, whoſe eſtate after ſome time by heirs-
female came to the Guiſes and Peniſtones[e]. In its
ws. *
»
in 1
paiſage downward, Severs feeds ſuch a, number of
River-Lampreys.chat Nature ſeems to have made a pond
for them in chis place, ſuch as the Romans anciently
invented in the height of their Luxury. Lampreys
have cheir name from the Latin rs, fro lick-
ing the rocks ; they are like Eels, ſlippery and of a
dark colour , only ſomewhat bluciſh on the belly :
on each fide the throat they have feven,, holes, ac
which they receive water, having no.gills at all,
are beſt :in ſeaſon inthe Spring, as being then
of a moſt delicious taſte, whereas in the Sunimer, the
ſtring within them. which doth the office of a back-
3
[ the delicacy of their--taſte,, by a. particular ,
drefling them. Firſt chey kill the fiſh. if. * Males , q Vino .
and ſtop the mouth with.a nutmeg ,afid 1cach. hole
with a clove; chen rolling them up-round, they add.
the kernels of filbirds ſtamp'd, crums; of bread , oul,
Malveſey- and Spices, ſtewing them of Wig er Cares,
fully jn.a pan over 'a.maderate fire; tar. lome lictle
is NO ble:
time... But to inſtru& Cooks and Epigures
Below Holr, Severn opens its Eaftern bank to re-
ſinels of mine.
ceive.the.river Salwarp 3, whichriſing ig the North-
part of, the County: runs; by Brome's-grewe,a very con Bromet-
ſiderable market-town, not far from, Grafton, a fear Bite.
of the renowned faguly of the Talbots, which King
.
brav
fo m
_
Feckenhanmg -
» Foreſt.
lent,yet Feckenbom Foreſt
once very chick with: avs, and tbe. neighbouring
woods, will by their. :thinneſs de daily more
and more. If I ſhould ſay that Richard de. la Wick,
Biſhop :of ChicheZer, 'who. was born here;, did by his
prayers. obtain thele $plt-ſprings, I am, afraid fome
would cenſure me as vgry. injurious to the Divine Pro-
Richard de
la Wicks
vidence, and over-credulous of old wives fables. Ne-
vertheleſs, ſo great was. the pious credulicy of our
Anceſtors, that they did not only believe. ic firml
themſelves, and tranſinit it in writing to-us, but al
upon that account paid him honours in a manner di-
vine,;- when for his skill in the Canon-Law, and fan-
Rity, of: life, he was ſolemnly canonized for a Saine
by Utban-the fourth. Yet before this. Richard was
born, Gerveſe of Tilbury wrote the following account
of thalg/Springs, though..got | exatly true: ' Is the
Dioceſe of Worceſter there is @ village not far from that
city nam'd Wich, where at the foot of a little bill , there
runs 8 ſtream of ery ſweet water. On the bank ber
are certain pits, few in number, and of no, great depth ,
whoſe water is extreamly ſalt, which boiled in pans con-
denſeth into wery white ſalt. All the Comntry report, that
from Chriſtmas to Midſummer there comes up wery ſtrong
brine, but all the ref} of the year the water is ſomewhat
ſreſh and unfir io make ſalt. And which I think more
wonderful, when-the water, * not ſtrong enowgh for making
ſalt, riſeth, it ſcarce ever runs over the pit ; at the ſeaſon
of its ſaltneſs, the brine is not in the leaſt _—— the
vicinity of the freſh river ; and yet it is not at all near the
Seas. Moreover in the King's Survey, which we call
Domeſday-book, Is Wich there be eight fars of ſalt be-
longing to the King and 10 the Earl, which every week of
wealling yield on the Friday 16 | i] Bullions 4.
Nox four miles lower, Severn with a flow courſe
as it were admiring, , by Worceſter the Chicf worcetter:
rown of this Shire, {eated on its bank : and really jc
deſerveth admiration both for its Antiquity and Beau-
ty. For Antoninas, mentions it by the name of | Bro- Branogeni-
nonium, and Pcolemy.. (an whom by the. trapſcriber's ==
negligence ir is miſplaced ).by the..name. of Bra-
nog enium, W the Brizains or Welſh call it at chis
—_
bone, groweth hard. The ſralans do much improve
a Front aagp a Ov
adjoyning Park was 'd in tirhes
and by an afferidk direts to theſe
© At which time he granted
The Town ſeems to b3s bene
, intho@ days, to have
of Parliament
of
ved the advantage
ave them one Burgeſs to repreſent
Nao pars of 16 Shire wer nc which at Frankley the
fanuus Lamyer, 7 5 in the time of King Edw. 4.
_ holden, chan het
Thomar Littler 4 Selwarp
a” a
Sear.
Trchen-ball ; and fo has been the name of
Uivnacion » Mr. Camden citi
operruni partem, which 1 gueſs ſhould be thas corrected,
rioileges to Beawdley : Hel. Upon the ftriftelt iry 1 cannot find. an
Co olororted by Ring Thw 4. who Chances grants them
as yy am cr fer. + King James 1
. by &. -
4 206, 35. of by reign, Beawdley was annexed to 1 pot Poroe hoes 4 -
ht. —
+ before the houſe was buile;; which- wich
Fin in, hath locus
citing Servaſe of Tilbury, in the margia, corrupius,
operr uma bY
k _
for what. Mr. Holiand Gich.
Land and Se2; which ſhewerb
Privi
irie hs ae
fam:ly of the Lirt\etons were
ice in the King's Bexeh to whoſe Treatije of Tenares e $/ 644877
vihens to)uinian's Iaftituter, Hol. * B it his Monument in hon Cara where be
enter:ain'd a [mall brook d:ſcending fom Obedelley,
Kka |
— ——_
519
oO
Mi
PE rn Ix 4 m_— m—_— C—
ES. ES FS _ oO
CO RNYAVPLI,
——o— —_—
| Severn, they planted cities at convenient diftances
—
diy Coir Vrangon, and in the Catalogiie of Ninhias it |
is Caer Guorargin and Caer Guorcow. Afterwards the Sa-
xons called ir Weogajie-ceaytep, Wegeomna-ceafeefi,
and Wipe-ceapreyi, perhaps from Wire a woody loreff
adjoyning. In Latin it is Wigornia. One of the firſt
who mentions it'by that name; if I miſtake not, 1s
Foſeph of Exettr (the moſt elegant Poet of that age.
whoſe book paſſeth under che name of Cornelius Ne-
s ) in theſe verſes to Baldwin Archbiſhop of Canter-
ury: | 0
In numitruuin jam creſcit bonor, te tertia poſcit
Infula, far meminit Wigornia, Cantia diſcit,
Romanus meditatur apex, &' mans og Petri '
' Duttitemt im medins expefat cymba yrocells. *
'' Now thy vaſt honours with thy virtues grow,
Now a third mitre waits thy facred brow. ”
' Delerted Wipers mourns that thou art gore, =
And Kent's glad ſons thy happy conduct own.
Now Rome deſires thee, Peter wants thy hand
To guide his Teaky veſſel ſafe to land. **
This city was, in all probability, built by the Ro-
mans, when to curb the Bricains who dwelt beyond
all along upon its caſt-bank, juſt as they did [ in
Germany Jon the ſouth-fide of the Rhine: le 15
ſeated upon an eaſie aſcent from the: river,” over
which heth a bridge with a tower upon it. It was
anciently fenced with lofty 'Roman walls, as an old
parchment-roll' informs us 3 and hath to rhis &s
ood firm wall. Bat its glory conſiſts in i'm
itants ; who are numerous, c6dfirteous, and Wealthy,
by means of the Cloathing trade; in the neatneſs of
its buildings, the number of Churches, and muſt of
a
a-
all, in the Epiſcopal See, which Sexuulfus Biſhop of
roar to Hl-men, and beloved by all chat! were good;
inf>much thit 'afrer his death; the Churdy pave him
a-plact it the Kalendar among the Safes! 'Now af -
cer they Had: floorifhed -i15 'preat wealth and flower
above yoo years, King Her.'8. expedllt theſe Monks,
and in their room placed a Dean and Prebendaries,
and" founded a Grammar fool fot the inſtruftion
of youth; \ Cloſe by this Church refvaih” the' bare
nams «hd F4ronnd-plot of the Caſtle, *©-WHich/ (as we
read in William of Malmeibury's hiftory' 6 Biſhops)
Urſus (made Sheriff of Worceſter by Willizem 7.)
built "it che-very 'reech 'of 'the Monks { 16 that the
graff rook away part of their: cemetery: *' But this
c altle;' through 'the njuty''6f rime and caſualty of
tie, hath many years, ſinge\been ruined. ....
The Cy alſo ha been more than once burnt
down. A. D. 1041. it was pt on fire by Hardy Cane,
who being & aged at, Citizens for killing his
Huſcarles (fo they cal is Officers w
the Danegek ) did not ' fire 'the 'City, bur alfo
maſſacre all the inhabitutits, except ſuch ' 2s eſcaped
into Bevercy 4 ſmall iſland in the river, Nevertheleſs
we find tn the ſurvey of William T. that in' the days
of Edward the Confe for, it had a gredt many Bur-
geſſes, and was rated at» bide-land 3 any when the
Mint went, Morter gay xx ſhilling at Londen for
ſtamps to comWwithall. In the year 1114, 4 caſbal fre,
which confuamed the Caſtte, burnt <>&@ roof of the
Church allo. Doring tHe Civil wars it K: Stephen's
reign, it was fired once and again, but fuffered moſt
whe that King took the City, which t& had nnad- ame'r
into the hands of Walleran Earl of Mellent ; St
vikdly
but at that time he could tiot carry the Cafltle
| {m
However, it ſtill roſe gut of the aſhes with pt !
rearer
t Go-
ho collected Muirn
beauty; and hath flouriſhed'under an' ex
the Mercians placed here A. D. 680. building a'Ca- | vernment, managed by *two Bailiffs n- out of
cthedral Church in the ſouth part of the city, which | 24 Citizens, ewo Aldermen and erwo Chamberlains,
hath often heen repair'd, ztd by the Biſhops and | with a Common Council. confiſtitig of 48 Citizens
Monks hath been lengthened weſtward, a little at a | more (n] As to the Geographical account of it, it's
time, almoſt to Severn fide: © It is really a'fair and | Longitnde from the weſt Meridian is 21 degrees, 52
'\magnificerit Stru&ure, ennobled with the monuments | minutes, and hath the riprth pole elevated 52 degrees
of King Fobn, Arthur Prince 'of Wales, and ſome of | and 12 mirmtes [o). | Bf DIM
the Beauchamps. A College alfo of learned meh call-| From Worcefter taking its courſe weſtward, the ci- pg...
ed Prebendaries, no leſs famous than were ſotmerly | ver paſſeth by Powick, ahciently the feat of John Fond
the Priory of Monks, or College of Secular Priefts, Beaucharrp, whom K. Hen. 6. raiſed ro
here. For in this Church, prefently upon its' firſt
| of a Baron ; whoſe 'eſtate, ago = 2 r-oagp
foundation' ( as in the 6ther 'Abbies © and ) | catried to 'the Willowgbbies of Broke, the Rradr, and
were placed married Pregbyters, who govern'd thoſe | 7;zon; [p). Hence, throtigh rich and fragrant mea-
Churches a long time with ou reputation for fan- | dows, it runs by Haley, formerly a Caſtle belonging Kin,
Rity ; till Dunitan, Archbiſhop of Canterbury; in a | to the Earls of Glocefter ; and Upton, a noted market gn
Regiſter of Synod decreed, That for the future all Religions men in | town where Roman Coins are
the Churclr
Married
Pricits.
frequently dug up.
he Church England ſhould lead @ fingle life. * For then Oſwald, | Not far off; on the right-hand, Severn hath the pro- wie
fer, A. D. Bilhop of this See, who was a moſt zealous promoter | ſpe& of Malvern hills; wills indeed, or rather great fil
564 of Monkery, remov'd the Priefts, and plac'd Monks | 2nd lofry mountains, for about feven miles together
in their room ; which King Edgar atteſts in theſe | riſing like ftairs one higher than the other, and di-
words [ | |: The Convents both of Monks and Virgins viding this County from that of Hereford. On the
were deftroyd and neglefed all England over, which I top, Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glorefter did ancient!
have determined to repair to the praiſe of God for the bene- | caſt up a ditch all along to part his lands from thole
"fit of my own ſoul, and to increaſe the number of the Ser- | of the Church of Worcefter ; which ditch is ſtill co
wants of God of both ſexes ; and accordingly I have al- | be ſeen, and is very much admired jd; ]. On the
ready ſettled Monks and Nuns in ſeven and forty bouſes. | other ſide Severn, and near the ſame once Bred prin
and reſolve ( if Chrift fpare me life to do it ) that I will | hills, tho' much leffer than thoſe of Malvery, riſe bs
go on m the oblation of my devout munificence to God, till | with a ſort of emulation. Upon theſe pears Elm- ging:
1 bave made them up fifty, the number of the ears of Re- | ley, a Caſtle once belonging to Urſw or Urſo & Abrot, ct
miſſion. Wherefore at preſemt that Monaſtery im the Epiſ- | by whoſe daughter and heir Emeline, ix deſcended to
copal See of Worceſter, which the reverend Biſhop Oſwald | the Beauchamps. At the foot of theſe hills ſtands
bath to rhe honour of Mary the boly mother of God enlarged, | Breodun, ing whoſe Monaſtery. Offa King of
and bavi 4 rhe Secular Clerks, &c. by my aſſent | the Mercians faith, © I Offa, King of the Mercians,
" and favvar beftowed on the religions ſervants of God the | © will give 35 acres of tributary land to the Mona-
Monk! ; 1 do by my royal Aiitbority confirm to the ſaid | ſtery which is calle! Breodum in the Province of
rehig ious” perſons leading « Monaftick life, and with the | © the Wiccians, and to the Church of St. Peter,
advice ant conjent of my Prinits and Nobles do torrobo- | © Prince of the Apoftles, in that place which my
rate and confiyn, &'c. After ſome conſiderable time, | © grandfather Eanwwlf built to the glory and praiſe of
' when through the incurſions of the Danes, and civil | © che everliving God ”.
"broils, the ſtare of this Church was ſo decay'd that{ Under Bredon hills, to the fouth, lies Waſhborn, 2 vvil
in the place of that numerous company of Monks | village or two, which gives the ſirname to an ancient **
- which :Ofwald founded here, ſcarce 12 were left, | and gentile family in theſe parts. They lye in aſpor of
S. Walſtzrle Wiftan, who fate Bp. of this See about A. D. 1c9o. | this County quite ſevered the main ms And
. teRor'd it, and augmented the number of Monks to | divers other like parcels lie up and down diſperſed ; '*,
"50. and a:ſo built a new Church. He was a mean the reaſon I know nox, unleks ic were this, That the (ed
\Gholar even in the account of that age, bur a perſon | Governours of this 'County” in elder times, having #7;
«of fxch\fumplicity-and unieigned integriy, and of a | eſtates of their own lying near, annex'd them to the,
,,yonverlarion fo ſevere and ſtrict, that he was a ter- | County which they gorern'd {q).” A lietle higher
I 4 i
rut's
270M
wick
edn
1115.
Ley
altle
WORCESTERWSUHIRE
4n. County it waters $name rom the Monkiſh wri-
runs the river Avon in its way to Severn: in this
rers cell ushad ks name from Eover, brig erd |
Eg wine Bn ; of Worceſter ; being —_— eg
..k Eath-bome,and Heath-field; a very neat town, ſeated on
&12 2 gentle aſcent from the river. —
= anciently Rtood:at- the. foot, / as it
i. ſuburbs; © which Hiltem # Audevile, Abbot, recover-
Beauthary, dad utterly demoliſh, | ving
were 'in. its
« ing from #iltew |
* and cauſed the gronnd to be: confectated for a
**.Churchyard.”. The town is famous for this Mona-
ſtery, which Egaee, by the help of King Keared lon
of Wolfer King of the iars, built about the
/: 700; as alfo for the Vale of E lying abour' ic,
hw 1nd taking ies name are # map nr whach /fÞ# ics
truicfulnels 1s 3 = ſtiled rhe-G of theſe-parts ;
fo liberal is the foil in affording/che beft corn in grear
abundance; 'In more ancient timesithis town was V
famous for the overthrow of che Barons, and of Simeon
Mountfort E. of Leiceſter, our Engliſh Catoline. He being
a perſon of a very bad temper and extremely pertidi-
ous, tanghr us by experi the cruch of chat ſaying,
Fawours are eſttemed obligation; no longer than they can be
requited. = Np King Hen. 3. —_ ev
hand h all ble favours upon him; and given
bis down fifter co wife, he had no ogher retwrns
from him,' than molt implacahle hat For he
raided a moſt dangerous war, and miſerably waſted
a great part of England under pretence of redcrefling
grievances and aflerting its liberties, leaving no me-
thod unpractisd whereby he mighe depoſe the King,
and change the government fram a Monarchy. to an
Oligarchy.. But after he had proſpered a' while in
his enterprize, he, with many: others of his party,
fell in thus place, ſubdued in a pitch'd bartel by
the valourf-Frince-Edward. And inftantly, as tho'
the ſink of tmiſchieſs had been cleanſed, a welcome
peace, which he had baniſhed, every where appear-
5 od [r]. |
' Hard by, upen the ſame river, lyeth Charleton,
once the eftare of a famous Knightly family che Hanſ-
acres, but now of the Dinlies or Dmghes, who being
deicended of an ancient family of that name in Lan-
caſhire, came to it by inherictance®. A thietle lower,
in the primidive rimes of our Engliſh Church, there
was andhef®d houſe, Fleovanbymy ,
=. now -Pladbirry; and near this Perſbore, in Saxon Pe-
' pafconar ; named from the / Pear-trees 3 which, as
that excellent Hiſtorian William of Malmesbury in-
forms us, Egelward Duke of' Dorſet, a man of « generow
ſririt, and wholly' devoted to proud munificence, built and
finiſhed 'in RK. Edgar's time. Biit alas, what waſt loſſes
bath it ſmce ſuſtained ; part the ambition of great men
bath ſeized; 'part # forgotten and loft ; and « very conſs-
derable pary of its poſſeſſions, King Edward and Williom
beſtowed or Weftminſter 5. Hence Avon rans ſmooth-
ly 'by Sty * a ſear of the Ruſſels at ancient
tamily of che degree of Knights ; and ſo diſthargeth
K's waters into Severn.
Hereabouts,' in the ſouth part of the Shire, lies
Oſwalds-law-bundred; fo called! from Ofwald Biſhop of
Worceſter , who obtained it of Edgar ; the immu-
nities whereof ars thus regiſtred in the Survey of
England, which William che. Conquerour made ;
The Church of St. Mary in Wircelter bath s Hundred
called Ofwaldr-low, in which he 300 Hide-land, where
the Biſhop of this Church bath by wery long preſcription all
the Services and cuſtomary duties pertaining to the Lords
» the King's [ervice, and bu own: ſo that no
P ance
a Oath
There is a place ſomewhere in this County, but
hot _ gen know, zalled "Avzurcineg.ac, i. e.
's Gek, at which: Auguſtine, the; Apoſtle of
the Engliſh, nv the Britiſh Biſhops : ha-
c: : | g of
Eaiter, ing. > the” i. and 4.D. G27.
adminiftring the rites
of the.Church of Reme ; in: concluſion both ſides
went away. difſatisfied { ©},
This Prevince, afted the Norman
King #ukiam 1. gave large poſſeffions
q with
that honour. Roger. his 1on ſucceeded him, w
ho ( as
ery | William of Malmeury reports) enjoyed. his father's
poſſeflions, and was diveited of them, falling under
the heavy diſpleaſure bH King 1: '/becauſe in a
furious pa he had:commanded one of the King's
Officers to be put to death.' Bur this dignicy of. She-
riff, by' Emeline Siſter to-1his Roger, deſcended to the
family of the' Beauebamps; for ſhe was married to
Walter de Beauchamp, whom King Srephen made Con-
ſtable of when he Giflacel Mike Earl of
Gloce Within a few years after, K. Stephetn made
w, Earl of Melliens, * brother to Rabers Boſſu Earl Rovert de
of Leiceſter, the firlt Earl .of Worceſter. and gave "©
him the City of Wotreſter ;| which Watleran became
a Monk; and died at Preavx in Normandy in the
| year 1166... His fon Robere, who married the daugh-
ter of Reginald Earl of Cornwell, and fet upithe-ſtan-
dard of Rebellion againſt Hen. 2. and Peter the fon of
Robert who revolted co the French in 1203. .uſed onl
the ticle of Earl of MeBenc, as far as I have ohiteveth
and not of Worceſter. For K. Hen. 2. who ſucceeded
Stephen, did not eaſily fuffer any to enjoy thoſe ho-
nours under him, which they had received from his
enemy. For'as the Annals of the of Wa-
verley have 'it, he depoſed mo and = d Earls,
whom K. Stephen indiſcreeth 'difeributed all
the Revenues of the _ After _ the time of
K. Rich. 2. I know of none* who bore the title of
Earl -of Worceſter. He conferred it upon Thomas
Percy ; who being ſhin in-che Civil wars. by Hen. 4.
Richend — deſcended from the Abrors, recer-
ved chis honour from K. Hen. 5.” After him, who
died without heirs male, Fobs Tiproft, Lord Licute-
nant of m—_ -_ —_ or we "rs
K. Hen. 6. preſently ſiding wi -
ward 4. and accommodating himfelf with a blind
obedience to the humour of that Prince, became the - .
;- till he in like manner * ©
Executioner of his
loft his own head when Hen. 6. was reſtored. But
K. Edward having recovered the Crown, reftored
Edward - gens his fon! to all again. He died
without iffue, and the eftate was divided: among the
ſiſters of that John Tiptoft who was Earl of Worce- Orig. 1 H.
ſter, who were married to the Lord Roos, Lord 7:R 36.
Dudley, and Edmund - whereupon Charles
Somerſer, natural fon _w- un Br of Somerſer, was
honoured with that title by K. Hen. 8. ro whom, im
a dire& line, have 'ſacceeded Henry, William, and
Edward, who is now living, and among his other
vertuous and noble qualities, is to be honoured as a
great Patron of good literature.
Re
— —— —_ ——
3%
© The Dinglies continue to this day at Charleton. © Strenſham is till! enjoyed by the ſame family.
; Then rectiveth avon, 8 riveret, from the north, upon yy 7 -_as oy ms of the Winters, of which were Robert Winter and his
ther Thomas, who whenes hey wry in the Gunpowder Treaſen
Mrs. Abt his liſter, which gave ſome light into the horrid n.
rs. _—_ is (1ſter i o by his agcher, 2h able
frum bim above thee 20 years. = * Twin-brother.
This County hath 151, Pariſhes.
the eukingg of Gorner and Oldcorn, ewo eminent Jeſuits, concerned in the Powder-Plot3 _ after many days fruit
hath in his
RR ee EET nt
hath been
| had Fs of
for its firſt Sheriff Ur/o.d\Abror, to whom-and his heirs }," no
y_ 2 UA — OD OY” oo. is 4009 192 oe
tt. th... Ht Mth... 2 NI” Ty” In
CORNAVTTI
—
PRwy ——c
ADDITIONS to WO
FT ER the Britains were expell'd
chis nation by the Conquering Sax-
ons, they retir'd beyond: the Se-
vern, and defended their new Ter-
ritories againſt the!encroaching E-
Hey - - nemy. So that the F___ of
Worce#tr; with thoſe other through which that large
river runs, were for a long time the frontiers between
® Breviar. the two.ptople. And ff? as Mr. Twine has oblerv'd )
t6-P-l moſt of the great cities that lye upon the Eaſt-ſhore
of Severn Dee,were built to reſiſt the irruptions of
the Britains, by the Romans or Saxons, or both ; like
as the Romans erected many places of ſtrength on
the Weſt-ſhore of the Rhine; to reſtrain the forcible
invaſions of. the Germans into France.
{ b] The people of thoſe parts in Bede's time, be-
fore England was divided into Countries, were (as our
Author obſerves) term'd Wicas, as alſo were ſome of
their neighbours. But 'the great queſtian'is , how
far chat:name reach'd ; the folution whereof is not
attempted by Mr. Camden. They ſeem: to have in-
h.biced all that erat, which was anciently ſubje& to
the Biſhops of Worceſter, that is, all Gloceſterſhire on the
Eaſt-ſide:Severs, with the city of Briſtol ;-all Worce-
ferſhire, except 16 pariſhes in the North-welt-pare ,
lying beyond Aberley-bils, and the river Tewe ; and
near the South-half of Warwickſhire with Warwick-
town: For as under the Heptarchy at firſt there was
but one Biſhop in each kingdom, and the whole
realm was his Dioceſe ; ſo upon the ſubdividing the
kingdom of Mercia into five Biſhopricks , An. Dom.
679. (of which Florentize Wigornienfis faith Wiccis was
the firſt,) doubtleſs the Biſhop had the' entire Pro-
vince under his juriſdiction, and accordingly he was
ſtil'd Biſhop of the Wiccians, and not of Worceſter. This
will appear more probable yet from a pallage in
t Floremtim, who faith that Oſhere, Vice-Roy of the
perſwaded Ethelred, King of Mercia , to
make this diviſion, out ofa deſire that the Province
of Wiccia, which he govern'd with a fort of Regal
power, might have the honour of a Biſhop of its own.
This being effe&ted, his See was at Worceſter, the Me
1:8. Ece;, CCOPOJIs of the Province, which according to || Bede,
CNS border'd on the Kingdom of the Weſt- Saxons , that
is, Wiltſhire and Somerſetſhire ; and Coteſwold-bills lye
* Concil. in it , which in Eadgar's Charter to Olwald is call'd
Tom-t. Mons Wicciſes, or Wiccian-bill, tho' * Spelman reads it
+ Monaſt. corruptly Monte Wittiſcs, and the f Monaſfticon more
Ang. corruptly Hbiſca. Moreover Sceorſtan, which pofli-
| Fir.p. bly is the Shire-fone beyond theſe hills, is laid by [| Flo-
385. 4% _—_ a be in _ 4 A g
c } Having premis'd thus much concerning the
ancient Inhabitants of thoſe parts, let us next
with Mr. Camden go thorow the County it fel In
the very North-point whereof lies Stourbridge , fo
nam'd from the river Stour upon which it jtands :
a well-buile market-town, and of la'e much eanrich'd
by the iron and glaſs-works.. King Edward the
ſixth founded and liberally endow'd a Grammar-
ſchool here ;. and in our time , near this place , the
pious munificence of 7ho. Foley Eſq; ereted a noble |
Hoſpital, and endow'd it with Lands for the main- |
tenance and education of 60 poor Children, choſen
moſtly out of this and ſome neighbour pariſhes. They |
are inſtruted in Grammar, Writing , Arithmetick, |
Oc. to fit chem for trades. Their habit and diſci- |
pen are much like that of Chriſt's Hoſpital in Lon-|
N.
[d] Going along with the Stow, not far from its
emrance into the Severn we meet with Kidderminſter,
famous for the Biſſers Lords of it, partof whole eſtate
Mr. Camden tells us, upon a diviſion, came to an
Hoſpital in Wiltſhire buile for Lepers. "This was
* Monat. Aaiden-Bradley, * which was built by Manſer Biſſet
Ang! in King Stephen'stime, or the beginning of Henr. 2.
'©4 andendow'd by him and his ſon Henry long before
+ Dugd Bu- the gf}ate was divided among daughters. + For that
ronage,T.1- th nor till the year 1241. fo that the Tradition
+P.559.
edir. Lond. x.
wovin Wiccans,
Stour-
bridge. _
Kidder-
miaiter.
P83 of the Leprows Lady is a vulgar fable.
RCESTERSHERE.
[e] Leaving this river , our next guide is the Se. Hu os
wvern, | Upon which Rands Holr-caftie; now the inheri.
trance of the Bromley: ,- deſcended from Sir Thomas
Bromley, Lord Chancelfor of England in the middle
of Queen Elzobeab's reign. A little below, Salwarp
enters.the. Severn : not far from the firſt -lies Grafton, Grin
which Mr. Camden tells us was given to Gilbert Tal-
bot 3 and that hapned upon the attainder of Humfey
Stafford. . |
[f Upon thedeath of Edward, Earl of Shrewsbu. *=i
,' Febr. 7. 16179g the-laſt heir:male of Fobs the of x3
third Earl of this tamily, the honour came to the %""
houſe of Grafton, now the ſeat of -Charles Earl of rem
Shrew:bury, who is the next lineal heic of this Sir Gil- Þ
bert Tolbot mention'd by our Author. ro
[ g} From hence this river goes to - Droitwich or 1, _
Durtwich, the original | whereof , ſays our! Author,
may bear ſome analogy to the Hyetav in Boeotia, from
its derty foil. And indeed Stephane Byzantins in his
book De Urbibws, under *Y17]1&@, mentions this reaſon -
of the na * Nevertheleſs it is more probable, thac
this cown M Bceotia deriv'd its name from Hyerras an
exile from Argos who fix'd here : for the Greek name
15 not 'Twns, but "T17]&-..
{h] Here ( ſays. Mr. Camden) ariſe three ſprings
of brine; and indeed at preſent there are only
three , -but anciently, as late as King Henry the
ſeventh, there were five. They do not obſerve the
ſeaſons of weelling, which our Author mentions ; nor
do they at any ame leaveioff, becauſe. the brine is
too weak to make {alc ( for the ſprings yield ſtrong
brine all the year round,)..but only. when they judge
the quantity of ſalt made, ſufficient to ſerve their mar-
kets, which they are careful not to overſtock. They
now burn coal and not wood , in.their Seales. The
town it ſelf is very wealthy : it had great privileges
granted it by King Fabn, whoſe Charter -they have
co ſhew at this day, They were alſo. much favourd
by his fon King — ine other Princes ;_ particu-
larly in this preſent Century K, Femes 1.inthe 22d year
of his reign, granted them a Charter. The Borough is
govern'd by, ewo Bailiffs and a certain number of Bur-
gelſles : they fend alſo, two: Members to Parliament.
[i] As to the Bullzens of ſalt, mention'd by Mr.
Camden in. his quotation from Domeſday; what pro»
portion that is, I cannot determine. .Monſieur du
Cange in his Gloſlary,. contents himſelf to ſay in
general, that 'tis a meaſure of Salt. I am apcco think,
'ris the ſame with Bulitiones in Domeſday-book, where
an account is given of the rent of cight fats belong-
ing to the King and Earl at Nantwich, which paid
every Friday 16 Bullitiones, ( See Sir Peter Leice#ter's
Antiquities, p.427.) Where it follows that 15 of theſe
made unam /ummaem, one ſeam or horſe-load , or 8
buſhels;Spelm.Gloſl.in Summa. And in Monaſt. Ang].
tom 2. Þ- 256. col.2. four ſums are {aid to contain 40
bullions,which I conceive to be Barrows,the ſize where-
of hath been different, at different places and times.
[ k ). A little below, the Sa/twarp jayns it ſelf rothe yy...
Severn, and goes along with it to Worceſter; * whok ,,,
original is reterr'd by fobn Row of Warwick to King a
Conſtantine ; 1 ſuppole, he means Chlorw. As to the "7:
Britiſh name of the place, Mr. Burton thinks our Au-'
thor miſtaken, when he names it out of Ninnius,
Caer Guorangon , and Guorcon ; perhaps as to the lat-
ter he is, which Arch-bilhop Uſher judgeth to be
either Warwick or Wroxeter in Shropſhire ; but as to
Caer Guorangon, T the learned Primate agrees with Mr. +?”
Camden. mY
The comeRure of: thoſe who derive the name
Wireceaſter from Whre-foreſt, is very groundleſs ; for
that foreſt lies near twelve miles from the city,
and as much in Shropſhire as in this County. Doubt-
leſs, Winecepcen is a contraction - of Wizopa Or
Wigna-cejcep, as 'twas call'd in the days of the Con-
querour, and his ſons. And Wiznacercep it {|
ſeems to be a contraction of Wic-pana-cepcen, i. ©.
the city of the men of IWiccia ; juſt as Gmey, js ol
artc-
oR, : +.
4 A,
LISTS
2 ht -.. a4
od | % -< "ig
a» qc 3
a. -
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bs)
-
s 4
þ :
:
ſeated at the foot of the Great Mal-
hill, which was founded by one Aldwin a Hermite, '** |
in the eighteenth year of the Conquerour's reign ;
and himſelf with King Henry his fon were benefa-
ors to it. This houle was of the Benedi&ine-Or-
der, and a Cell belonging .to Weſtminiter-Abbey.
A very fair Church is yer remaining, which ſerves
the Pariſh, but almoſt nothing is left to: maintain a
Miniſter.
Two miles South from this lies Lirtle, Malvern, in Little Mat-
a diſmal cavity of the hill. It was founded An. Dom. '**
: 1171. by Toceline and Edred, two brothers,who were
"0p- The name Wigornia is made like Cantueria, by | ſucceflively Priors of the houſe; which -was alſo of
2p. foftening the termination after the mode of the La- |the Benedidtine-Order, and a Cell of the Monaſtery
tins. Morentim, who dy'd above 60 years before Fo- | of Worceſter.
ſeph of Exeter, dedicating his book to Baldwin, usd [pp] When our Author obſerves, that a ditch was
the name Wigornia ; fo that Foſeph, tho' he might be, | drawn to divide the lands of the Earl of Gloceſter
as Mr. Camden hath it, one of the firſt, yet he was | from thoſe of the Church of Worce er, it is a mi-
3 not ( as ſome * others will have him) the firſt writer | ſtake for Hereford. For that Church hath ſeveral ma-
who call'd this city by that name. nours on the Weſt-ſide Malvern-bils, and * there was *ang|.vacr.
zz 1] Our Author mentioning the expulſion of Se- | a famous quarrel between Thomas de Cantilupe Biſhop ——
cular Prieſts, notes in the margin, A. D. 964. which | of Hereford, and this Earl , touching ſomes lands p:503-. :
is the date of King Eadgar's Charter in the Church | claim'd by the Biſhop in Matvern-chace ; and the
of Worcefer. This date, tho' _ nicely particular, | Judges who were to decide that controverſie, fate in
( having the IndiCtion, the year of the King, the day
the Chace.
of the month and the week,) is nevertheleſs mani- (. q ] Mr. Camden obſerves, that Waſhbowrn un- Waſbbourn
feſtly falſe. For Florentizs, the Annals of Worceſter,
der Bredon-bills , with ſome other villages in this
and other monuments, with one — the ex- | County , are quite fever d from the main body : '
ulſion of the Secular Prieſts in the year” 969. and
the reaſon whereof may be too obſcure, to attemper
me of them add, that Winfiws was created Prior in
a poſitive account of ict. But jt is worthy our
the year 971. which Winſiw is in the body of this | oblervation, that in fa all theſe diſmembred parts,
Charter mention'd as then aftually Prior, fo that 964 | except Dudley, were originally Church-lands. O14
'- cannot be the true date t.
Barrow environ'd by Warwickſhire, belong'd to Eve-
by (m] Mr. Camden is very particular in recounting | ſbew-Abbey, Alderminſter to Perſhore. All_the reſt
-> the calamiries of this city ; amongſt which we may
| were the lands of the Bi and Church of Wor-
©yery well reckon the plunder thereof by the Croms- | ceſter, before the diviſion of England into Counties ;
& welliens after Worceſter-fight, Sept. 3. 1651. wherein | and tho' ſeveral of theſe have been alienated many
* the Army (conſiſting moſtly of Scots who endea-
ages, yet they are ſtill in Ofweldlow Hundred ; as
; vour'd to re-inthrone King Charles the ſecond) — Olb-barrow is in the Hundred of Blackenburſt , and
on routed, that Prince was wonderfully conceal'd till
Alderminſter in Perſhore Hundred ; but the foundation
; he could make his eſcape into France. of the laſt Abbey 1s later than the diviſion into $hires.
(n] He next gives us in ſhort the civil Admini-
As for Dudley, the Caſtle ſtands in Srafford(bire , but
ſration of the city ; but ſince that time , by virtue | the Church and Town in this County. Before the
of a Charter of King James 1. dated Octob.2z. in the
WORCESTERSHIRE.
Canr-papa-bypig, 1. e. the burrough of the men of Kent.
The difference in writing Weogzona, Weegonena,
Weogopna, and W1gna-cercen, is of no moment;
for our Saxon-Anceltors uſed e and i indifferently,
as, Beophrepalb Biphepal, Weohrcan Wibrean ; fo
Weozopa, Wwozopa, and Wizna-cerxren. And the
difference in termination is as little material ; for as
here we have Weozopa and Weogonena-cerrep,
ſo in Bede we have Cancpap1 and Cantpanena bypg.
The preſent name Forcefter, is either form'd from
Wirceſter by the change of one vowel, or elſe by con:
; tracting and melting the 5 in Weogoncercep.
Great Malvern, an Abbey
Conqueſt, Edwin Earl of Mercia, had both town
> TH
_—
19th year of his reign, this City is governd by a
Mayor and fix Aldermen. who are Juſtices of the
Peace (theſe Aldermen are choſen out of the 24 capi-
tal Cirizens,)a Sheritt, uſually choſen out of the ſaid 24;
likewiſe a Co:11mon-Council conſiſting of 48 other
Citizens, out of which number there are annually |
eleted the two Chamberlains. They have allo a
Recorder, a Town-Clerk, two Coroners, &c. The
City is a County of it ſelf.
[0] Between Worceſter and Speechley , on a riſing
| -_ is probably the old Oſwald's Law ; which || Sir
enry Spelman ſays, ſignifies as much as Lex Oſwald,
and intimates the Conſtitution for expelling married
Prieſts ; andisfollow'd in that opinion by other learn:
ed men. But it muſt be obſerv'd, that in ancient
writings it is not Ofwaldes lags, but law, which lig-
nifieth a knap or [:ttle-bill, and Edgar's Charter gives
that name to the place where Olwald's Hundred-Court
was to be kept ; and the whole Hundred took it's
name from thence. It is very uſualfor Hundreds to |
be denominated from a bill, a field, a tree, a ſtone, or
a croſs, where the Court is call'd. In this Charterthere
1s mention of Ulferes law and Cuthburges law Hundreds,
now ſwallow'd up in Ofwald's law ; and in other
Counties the names of Hundreds ofcen terminate in
law, as in Herefordſhire, Radlaw and Wormlaw Hun-
dreds. On the riſing ground before-mention'd the
Hundred-Court is ſtill call'd.
([p] Below Powick, on the Eaſtern bank of the Se-
7. wern, ſtands Kemſey, an ancient manour of the Bi-
ſhops of Heorcefter, where before the Conqueſt, and
many Apes after, they had a noble Palace, which
hath been long ſince demoliſh'd, fo that che ruins are
not diſcernable.
About three miles Southward is Cromb D abetot,
nam'd from Urſo d' 4berot anciently Lord thereof,
and caſtle,which were given to William Firz-Auſculf,
from whom through ſeveral hands they are come to
the Lord Ward, heir of the laſt Lord Dudley by his
mother, after whoſe deceaſe he will alſo bear the
title of the Lord Dudley. It appears that above 450
years ago, the town and caſtle were under dif-
ferent Civil Juriſdictions, as at preſent, and. the Ec-
cleſiaſtical Juriſdiction was ſertled by the Pope's Man-
date between the Biſhops of Worceſter and Lichfield ,
according to the limits of the ewo Counties f.
[r] As we have follow'd the Severn thus far, fo we
t Vide Ag-
nal. Wigorn.
ad An.123$
muſt return towards the North along the Avon, upon in Angl.$a-
which lies the town of Eveſham, an ancient Borough, © 1. Pe
enjoying many privileges, ſome by preſcription, and
others by divers Charters ; govern'd by two Bailiffs
till the third year ot King James 1.who at the requeſt
of Prince Henry, granted them a new Charter, gi-
ving the chief Magiſtrate the title of Mayor, and
making the Corporation to conſiſt of ſeven Alder-
men,twelve capital Burgeſſes,a Recorder, and Cham-
berlain, who are all of the Common-Council ; as
alſo four and twenty other Burgeſſes calld 4/iftants ;
and extended their juriſdition over the adjoyning
pariſh of Bengworth. He likewiſe granted them more
ample privileges, particularly power to try and exe-
cute Felons within the Borough. Ir ſends two Bur.
geſſes to Parliament.
[s] Hereabouts, on the South-part of the County,
Mr. Camden places Ofweldflaw-hundred : but that is
a miſtake; for this Hundred is not one continu'd
tract of ground, but conſiſts of Townſhips ſcatter'd
in all parts of the County, where the Biſhop or Mo-
naſtery of Worceſter had lands, at the time when King
Edgar granted that Charter to Ofwald. This is evi-
dent to any perſon who obſerves the places nam'd mm
that Charter, as it is printed in [| Spe/men's Councils,
: . 2 Vol.1. v.
now the chief feat of the Lord Coventry ; and thead- | and in the * Monaſticon Anglicanum. It is eſteem'd a My. P
Pyning Church is the burial place of the family. | full third part of the County, bur at this day doth Badges.
About two miles on the Welt-ſide of the Severn, is
not enjoy a third part of that Hundred.
[c) Affec
© CERT RELIC any nn a I ane I ere of ag
—s p "I TW Et
ki -
——
927
Worodbery-
1!
Ang Me.
dit ranci.
Gloceſterſhire which bounds' the Counties of Tilt,
——_—— — —
—
+] After our Author has run through this Shire,
he tells us that Auguſtine's Oak is ſomewhere in the
County, but the place riot certainly known. Some
conjectures have been offer'd ar the preciſe. place.
Sir Hetyry Spelman thinks there are ſome footſteps of
the name in Zuſric, a village in this County border-
ing on Herefordſhire, which (as he expounds Hunt-
ingdon) lies in the confines of the Wiccians and the Weſt-
Saxons. The name of this village he ſuppoſes may
be a contraction of Aurziner nic, i. e. Anſtin's territo-
+9. Bur'to omit ſome other material objeions, 'tis
certain that the vulgar maps deceiv'd that learned
Knight, which are talſe printed, and ſhould be Au!-
Fick; which name ar its full length in old writings 15
Alfedes-wic : but his own miſtake is leſs pardonable,
in making Herefordſhire a province of the Weſt-Saxons.
Others have conje&ur'd that Auſfins-Oak may have
been in a pariſh call'd corruptly rhe Rock, but doubt-
lefs by our Saxon Anceſtors þzpe ac, and in Latin
Aka. Now this pariſh lies in that part of the Shire
which is moſt remote from the Weſt-Saxon kingdom,
bordering on Shropſhire. All the light we have, is
from Bede, who is the only writer within 400 years
of the time, that mentions this congreſs. He ſays,
it was in the confines of the Wiccians and Weſt-Saxons.
He doth not ſay ic was in Wiccia, much lefs that it
was in that part ofthe Province which is now call'd
WWorceſterfhire ; but that it was in the confines of the
IVeft-Saxons, upon whom Worceftcrſhire doth not bor-
der any where. So that admitting this Oak to be
in Hwiccia, ie muſt needs have ſtood in that part of
and Somerſet, Provinces of the Welſt-Saxon King-
dom,
[u] Mr. Camden having left the weſt-ſide of this
County in a manner: untouch'd ; it will be ne-
ceſlary to give a more particular view thereof. The
river Teme, in Latin Temedws, waters the north-weſt
part of this Shire, taking its courſe into the Severn
through rich meadows; and the ſoil on both ſides
produceth excellent Syder, and Hops in great abun-
dance. |
On the edge of Shropſhire, the river gives its name
CORN
to Temebury, a mall, but well-frequented market-
town. This town, with moſt of the Lands between
Teme and Herefordſhire, were held by Robert Fitz, |
Richard, Lord of Ricards Caftle, whole ſon Hugh
marrying Euſftachia de Say a great heireſs, the
iſſue of that match took the ſirname of Say, Theſe
Lands, by Margery an heir-female, came to Robert
Mortimer about K. Jebr's time; and the iſſue-male
of the family of Mortimer: failing, the patrimony was
divided between two daughters ; the elder of which
being marry'd to Geoffry Cornwall, part of it continues
in the hands of their poſterity, but the reſt hath often
chang'd its Lords.
About 7 miles below Temebury, the river paſſeth
under Woodbery-hill, remarkable for an old entrench-
ment on the top, vulgarly calld Owen Glendowr';
_—_—Al-.
"+ & FA
Camp; which notwithſtanding 15 probably of greater
antiquity. |
Hence runs a continu'd ridge of hills from Tem
almoſkto Severn, and ſeems to have-been the boun-
dary of the Wiccian Province. At the foot of Houd.
bery-bill ſtands Great-Witley, where is a fair new-bujt G..
houſe, the chief ſeat of the Folezs, who bought it of
the Ruſſels, to whom it came about King Henry the
-th's time by marriage with one of the coheirs of
Caſſy, who had marry'd the heir-general of the Coke.
ſajes, its more ancient Lords.
Under the weſt-ſide of Woodbery-bill lies She!ſtey
Beauchamp, and over againlt it Shelfley Walſh, where g,.
dwelt Sir Richard Walſh the famous Sheriff of this wa
County at the time of the Powder-plot, who pur.
ſud the traytors into Sraffordjbire, and took them
there.
A little lower | wp Hamme caſtle ; arid now in the
place of ic a fair ſeat, which the ancient family of the
Teffreys have enjoy'd about 2co years. Hence, by
Mariley, Teme paſleth under Coderidge, a manour of cy,
che Berklez3s, formerly the A#eons, and in more anci-
ent times belonging to the Aortimers and Says. On
the oppoſite bank ſtands Leigh, a manour of the Viſ. L:g
count of Hereford ; whence the river haſting to Po-
wick, falls into the Severn.
5
Continuation of the EAR LS.
Li
Henry ſon of Edward ſucceeding his father, was
created Marquilſs of Worceſter by K. Charles 1. which
honour was after him enjoy'd by Edward his ſon, and
Henry his grandſon ; who being created Duke of
Beaufort by King Charles 2. the title of Marquiſs of
Worceſter is now given to Charles Somerſet his eldeſt
fon, a Gentleman of great parts and worth, who
merits no lefs a character than that Mr. Camden gives
his noble Anceſtor, with whom he concludes his
deſcription of Worceſterſhire.
More rare Plants growing wild im Worceſterſhire.
Colchicum vulgare ſeu Anglicum purpureum &
album, Ger. Park. Common meadow-Saffron. 1 obſerved
it growing moſt plentifully in the meadows of thus County.
Cynogloſſum folio virenti F. B. Cynogloſſum mi-
nus folio virente Ger. ſemper virens C. B. Park. The
leſſer green-leaved Hounds-tongue. It bath been obſerved
in ſome ſhady lanes near Worceſter by Mr. Pitts an Apothe-
cary and Alderman of that City.
Sorbus pyriformis D. Pits : which I ſuſpef to be no
other than the Sorbus ſativa C. B. legitima Park. That
w, the true or manured Service or Sorv-tree. Found by
the ſaid Mr. Pits in a dey of this County.
Triticum majus gluma foliacea ſeu Triticum Polo-
nicum D. Bobert. An Trit. ſpeciolum grano oblongo
7. BY? Polonian Wheat. It is found in the fields in this
County ; and, as Dr. Plot tells ws, in Staffordſhire alſo.
STAFFOR
DSHIRE.,
H E third part of that Country inha- | is water'd by the Trent, is fruitful, woody, and
bited by the Cornavii, now Stafford-
ſhire, in Saxon Staxpopno-rcype (the '
people whereof, as living in the heart
of England, are calld in Bede Ang!:
Mediterranes, bounded on the eaſt by
Warwickſhire and Derbyſpire, on the ſouth by the
pleaſant, by an equal mixture of arable and meadow
grounds ; {
coal and mines of jron ; but whether more to their lor
loſs or advantage, the natives -chemſelves are belt
Judges ; and fo I refer it to them.
O 15 alſo the ſouth, which has much pit-
In this fouth part next to Worceſterſhire *, ſtands
County of Worceſter, and on the weſt by Shropſhire ; )
lies from fouth to north almoſt in the form of a Rhom-
bus, being broad in the middle, but narrow and con-
trafted towards the ends of it. The north part is
mountainous, and leſs fertile ; but the middle, which
—
_
firft Dudley-Caftle, built by Dude or Dodo, a Saxon, P**
about the year 700, and fo call'd from him. In”
William the firſt's time, ( as it is in his Survez-boek )
it belong'd to William the ſon of Auſculphas { 2);
| afterwards it fell to thoſe of Somery ; and at laſt to
+ '® On the rIVEY Stoure and: Stou toreCa z ” Laiadn
Dudley Cafile $&c. f rtor.-Caſtle, foretime appertaining to
: 11
the F avls 54 Warwick, tre
Place of ing notinity of Corgine! Pole, ans 0
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—_ ——
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- Og A EY RTE "A ere es on AAA RO oe NR tes Wee RT; 1» - 4008 4 un ADE niggn iO TOE IEPA i ts WW en a EET. 2 bart
fe Gf Giffard in the reign of
or- elder [Cc]. Weadesburg , now Weddiborrow, hereto-
STAFFORDSHIRE
530
S—_ — — — — —— ——ff —
— — — —
Sir Richard Surton Knight *, by marrying an heireſs | which went by marriage to the family of Dimncks
of the Someries, whoſe poſtericy, call'd from that
time Barons of Dudley ?, grew up to a very honora-
ble family 5.
Affer this, we find memorable in this trac, Chel-
lington, a very fine ſeat, and the manour of that an-
cient and famous family the Giffards, given to Peter
en. 2. by Peter Corbuchin, to
whom alſo Richard Strongbow, who conquer'd Ire-
land, gave Tachmelin and other lands in that Coun-
try. Vulfrunes-bampton , fo calld from Vulfruna, a
very pious woman, who built a Monaſtery in the
town which before had the name of Hampton ; and
hence for Vulfrunes- hampton, it is corruptly call'd
Wolverhampton ; which 1 chiefly remarkable for the
College there, annex'd to the Dean and Prebenda-
ries of Windfor [b). Theoren-ball, that is to fay, a
houſe of Pagans, now Ternall, where many of the
Danes were cut off in the year 911. by Edward the
fore fortified by ZEchelfleda Governefs of the Merci-
ans ; and Waljail none of the meaneſt market-towns.
Near this lies the courle of the river Tame, which ri.
ſing not far off, runs for ſome miles on the eaſt-ſide
of this County toward the Trent, palling at ſome
ſmall diſtance by Draiton Baſſet, the ſeat of the Baſ-
ſets, who are deſcended from one Tw/tin Lord of this
place in the reign of Hen. 1, and grown up into a
numerous and famous family. For this is the ſtock,
from which the Baſſets of Welleden, Wiccomb, Sapcort,
Cbedle, and others of them, are propagated. But of
theſe Baſſers of Draiton, Ralph was the laſt, a very
eminent Baron, who marry'd the ſiſter of John
Montfort Duke of Bretagne, and died without ifſue
in the reign ot Rich. 2.
From hence the Tame paſling thro' the bridge at
Falkeſley, over which an ancient OT lay,
. runs by the lower part of Tamworth, in Saxon Tama-
peond, in Marianus Tamewordina, fo ſituated between
the borders of the two Shires, that the one
of it which formerly belong'd to the Marmions, is
counted in Warwickſhire; the other, which belong'd
to the Haſtings, is reckond in this County. Irt takes
is aame from the river Tame which runs by it, and
the Saxon word Weoprh, which ſignifies a f yard
or farm, and alſo a river-iſland, or any place fur-
rounded with water; as, Keyſers-wert and Bomels-
weort, in Germany, ſignifie Czfar's Iſland and Bome-
luss Ifland. In the time of the Mercian Kingdom,
this was a royal ſeat, and, as it is in the Lieger-book
of Worceſter, a wery eminent place. Alterwards it
was deſtroy'd in the Daniſh wars, but rebuile by
Fthelfleda the Mercian, and Editha the daughter of
King Edgar , who declining marriage for the love
of Chaſtity, is kalender'd among the ſhe-ſaints, and
founded a lictle houſe for Nuns here; which was
ſome few years after tranſlated to Polleſworth by the
Marmions of Normandy ,when they built a Collegiate
Church here, wherein ſome of their combs are (till
extant, having had the town us them by William
the Conquerour. Here likewiſe they built a neat Ca-
ſtle, which fom them went by the Freeils to the
Ferrars, a family deſcended from a younger brother
Ofthe Barons Ferrars of Groby. Theſe Marmions ( as
"tis in hiſtory ) were hereditary Champions to the
' Kings of England. For upon every Coronation of a
'* new King of England, the heir of this family was
bound to ride arm'd in compleat harneſs into the
King's hall, and in a ſet form challenge any man to
Cuel, chat would dare to withſtand the King's right.
And this is certain from the Publick Records, that
" Alexander Frevill, in the ow, of Edward 3. held
in Lincolnſhire | d].
[ have often before ſpoke of, and ſhall have occaſion
fiill co take notice of hereafter,enters this County, and
_— it almoſt in a ſtreighe line, runs weſtward-
ly to Shropſhire. I farvey'd it very accurately, in
the next Station after Manveſſedum : and with good
luck I have at laſt found it; and muſt ingenuouſly
own my ſelf to have been quite wrong heretofore.
For at that diſtance which Antoninus makes b2-
eween Manveſſedum and Etocetum, TI happen'd to
meet with the ruins of an old city near this way,
ſcarce a mile ſouthward from Lichfield, eminent a
the Biſhop's See there. The name of the place is at
walls there extant (which encompaſs about two acres
of ground ) call'd the Caf le-croft, as if one ſhould
lay, the Caſtle-field. Near this ſtood another an-
cient little city on the other ſide the way, which was
demoliſh'd before William the Conquerour's time, as
the inhabitants, frem an old tradition, tell us; and
they ſhew the place where the Temple ſtood, gueſs-
ing it to be ſo How the greatneſs of the foundarion ;
and ng many Coyns of the Roman Cazfars,
which are always the moſt infallible proofs of Anti-
quity [e]. But that which mainly makes for this
point is, that the Military-way continues from hence
very fair, plain, and almoſt without any breach, till
'tis crofs'd and interrupted by the river Pexck, and
hath a ſtone bridge built over it at Pennocrucium, (o
ſtance which Antoninus has made. The town has
not quite loſt that name at this day, being for Penno-
ſmall village, famous for a Horſe-fair, which Hugh
Blunt, or Flavas the Lord of it, obtain'd of King
Edward 2.! f ]. From hence there is nothing me-
morable in the County upon this road 5, unleſs it be
that clear and pretty-broad lake near Weſton, by
which the way continues in a dire& line to Oken are
in Shropſhire. And now for the middle-part of the
County, water'd by the Trent; in deſcribing of
which, my deſign is to trace the river from its firſt
riſe, following its courſe and windings.
river in England, ſprings from ewo- neighbouring
fountains 7 in the upper part of this County to the
weſtward. Some ignorant and idle pretenders do
imagine that name deriv'd from the French word
Trente, and upon that account have feign'd thirty ri.
vers all running into it, and likewiſe ſo _——_
of fiſh ſwimming in it, the names of which, the peo-
ple thereabouts have comprisd in Engliſh rhyme.
Neither do they ſtick to aſcribe to this river what
the Hungarians attribute to their 7:biſcws, namely,
that it conſiſts of two parts water, and the third
fiſh. From the riſe of it, it firſt runs ſourhward, with
man
hs ſo call'd upon the account of an older Caſtle
which formerly itood not far from it at Che#terton wn-
der Lime, where I ſaw the ruinous and ſhacter'd
walls of an old Caſtle, which firſt belong'd to Ra-
nulph Earl of Cheſter by tte-gift of King John,
and after, by the bounty of Henry 3. to the houſe
of Lancaſter [g). Then by
Tricingham, a little Monaſtery of chat holy and royal
Virgin Werburga [h]; from whence ic haſtens to
time, and its name from thoſe Stones which our An-
ceſtors were accuſtom'd yearly to heap together
thi ſame caſtle by that kind of ſervice. et the
Frevills loſt this honor in the Coronation of Rich. 2. 5
—
to denote the place where Wolpherus, chat moſt
" Deſcended fFom the Suttons of Nottinghamſhire.
” iimes
ave better ftor'd with game than at pre
fre began by @ candle ance by the
oftner Nate And de laces of the
ſaws aw are found many dg * 190.
gence of 4 certain or er.
6. + Here is ſituated Penſneth-chaſe, in
'n which h- it hath ben I fo me - ar ok >
ſometimes the flame, is
mo ot, ire, i the north-weſt, [ aw
ick Records and Evidences, ſmall di-
had s ſeat before the Conque#t ; and then near Wotton us that clear ++
L1 heathen
But now to return : at the bridge of Falkeſley al.
ready mention'd, that military Roman-way, which ſtreer.
hopes of finding Etocetum, which Antoninus makes E-2cc+1m:
this day in Engliſh Wal, from the remains of the yy.1.
P-nnocru-
call'd from the river, and ſtanding at the fame di. ciam.
crucium Ccall'd Penckridge. At preſent, 'tis only a penckridge
The Trent, which in compariſon is the third beſt The river
Trent.
windings , not far from New-Caftle under Newcaſtle
undcrLime.
Trentham, heretofore Trentharg:
Stone a market-town, which had ics riſe in the Saxon 5:926
Watling-
NAVIL
a A AA,
>
- cnt einen nn er mn
—
—
COR
—
che Meccians, barbarouſly flew his | Char{cy-caltle at ewo miles diltance on the lelc of ir, Clanty
ſons, Vulfald and Rutfin, for turning Chriſtians. At | which from Ranulph Earl of Chejter who built it,
which place, when after-ages had conſecrated a little f=1! to the Ferrars, by Agnes his fiſter who was marri-
Church to their memory, a ton preſently grew up, <4 to William de Ferrars Earl of Derby, fiom whom
which the Hiſtory of Peterborough tells us was call'd. deſcended and flourith'd the Lords Ferrcars of Chorley; Lord: x.
Stone from theſe ſtones. From Stoxe the Trent runs | and Anne the daughter of the laſt of them, brought _—_
ſmooth and eafie by Sanden, formerly the ſeat of the this Hopour with her as a portion to Walter Deureux
Staffords, a knightiy and very famous family , but. her tusband, from whom 1s Robert Demreux Eail of
Frdefwick. of late of Samplon Erdeſwick by inheritance, a very. Eſſex, and Lord Ferrars of Chartley,On the right f,de
eminent man, who has nicely enquii'd into the ve-. of this river, almoſt at the lame diſtan-e,ftands Beau. Bear.
perabie matters of Antiquity, and is no leſs memo- deſert, molt delicately ſeated amon the woods, for. *%:
rable upon this account, than for being direRty 1n merly the houſe of the Biſhops of chhield , bur af-
the male-line deſcended from Hugh de Vernon , terwards of the Barons Pagets. For William Paget,
Baron of S$hipbroc, this name being varied by change {who tor his great prudence and knowledge of the
«bing. of habitation, firſt into Holgrave, and after that into , world, being eminent bach at home and abroad, was
as theper- Erdeſwick. In great favour with Hepry the eighth and King Ed-
of ogy Here the Trent turns towards the Eaſt, with Ca- | ward the ſixth) having got a large eſtate , was crea-
tion. nocwood on the South of it, commonly Conkwoed, | ted Baron Paget of Beaudeſers by Edward the ſixth ',
Cankwood. which is every way of great extent; and at laſt re-| His grandlon Thomas,the tourth Baron, flouriſhes naw
ceives the river Sow on the lefe. This river riſes near | at this day, who by his virtue, and progreſs in the
Healy caſtle, built by the Barons of Aldelegh or Aud | beſt kinds of learning, is a grace and- oinameat to
ley, to whom this place was given by Harvy de | his. whole family, and in this refpect but juſtly di-
Stafford, as likewiſe 4ldelegh it 1elf by Theobald de | ſtinguithr by an honourable mentian here.
Verdon : and from theſe ſpring the family of the] From hence the Trent viſits Lichfic/
RO —_ — _
heathen King of
Hiſtoria
- Perrobur-
gels.
haz «ay,
.
Ry, '8
r3 PR
a7
Kame
chang'd
Barons
Audley.
d (ſcarce four Ls
Stanleys Earls of Derby * , but che inheruance and | miles diſtant from the right tide of jt.” Bede calls it
name deſcended to the Toucherts, in whole poſtericy | Ligzdfeld, which Regs of Warwick renders a field of
and name that family is ſtill remaining [i]. I mult ' carcaſles, and tells us that many Chyitians fufferd
not go on here without taking notice of that houſe | martyrdom there under Diocleſian. The city ſtand;
call'd Gerards Bromley, both upan the account of its | low, is pretty large and neat, and divided into two
magnificence, and allo becauſe 'tis che - chief ſeat of | parts by a kind ol lough or clear water which is bur
Thomas Gerard,whom King James in the fir{t of his
teign created Baron Gerard of Gerards Bromley.
The Sow keeps like a parallel line at equa}diſtance
from the Trent, and runs by Chebſey, which tormer-
ly belong'd co the Lords Haſtings ? ; and then not far
from Eccle{hal, the refidence ot the Biſhop of Lich-
tield {k}; and Elenhall, which formerly was the ſeat
of the Noeis, a famous family,, who founded a Mo-
naſtery here at Raunton: from them it deſcended he-
reditarily to the Harcourts, who are of an ancient and
noble Norman race, and flouriſh'd for a lang time in
great dignity. Of the male-line of thele Noels is An-
drew Noel of Dalby an eminent Knight, and the
Noels of ellesborow in the County of Leiceſter, and
others remaining at this day [1]. From heace the
Sow runs by Srafford, heretofore Starford, and firſt of
all Betheney , where Bertelin with the reputation of
great ſanctity liv'd formerly an Hermite. Edward
the eider in the year 914. built a Tower upon the
ihallow : however, they have communication with
one another by two Cauſeys made over it, which have
each of them their reſpeive ſluces. The South
parr, or that hithermoſt, is by much the greater, di-
vided into ſeveral ſtreets, and has in it a School, and
for the relief of poor people a pretty large Hoſpital
dedicated to St. John. The further is the lb , yer
beautified with a very fghtly Church, which with
the fine walls (that caſtle like furraund it) thoſe fair
neat houſes for the Prebendaries, and the Biſhop's
Palace, all about it , makes an incomparable ſhew,
|
with thoſe three lofty Pyramids of ſtone in it. This
was a Biſhop's See many ages ſince. For in the year
of our Redemption 606. O/wy King of Northumber-
land having conquer'd the Pagan Mercians, built a
Church here for the propagation of the Chriſtian
Religion, and ordain'd Daina the firſt Biſhop, whoſe
Succeſfors were ſo much in favour with their Prin-
ces,that they not only had the preheminence among
North-ſide of the river here. When William the firſt | all che Mercian Biſhops, and were enrich'd with very
took his Survey of England, asit is ſaid in Domeſday- | large poſleflions, Cankwood or Cancc a very great
book, the King bad only eig bteen Burge(ſes bere belonging
to bim, and twenty manſion | houſes | of the Honour of the
Earl ; it paid {in groſs] for all cuſtoms nine pounds in
denters **®. In another place; The King commanded a
caſtle to be made thre, which was lately demoliſh'd. But
at that time, as it is at this day, | Stafford ] was the
chief Town of this County, which owes its greateſt
glory to Stafford a caltls adjoyning to it, ** built by
the Barons of Stafford for a feat {m)]. Below this
the Sow is joyn'd by a little river caltd Penke, which
ives name to Pennocrucium an ancient town,of which
we have already made mention. Near the conflu-
wood, and other exceeding rich farms, being given
chem : but the See alſo has had an Arch-Bithop,
namely Eadulph , to whom Pope Adrian gave the
Pall, and made all the Biſhops of the Mercians and
the Eaſt-Angles ſubje& to him , being induc'd to it
by the goldew arguments of Offa King of the Merci-
ans,out of envy to Jeambe:t or Lambert Arch-Biſhop
of Canterbury, who offer'd his'a{liſtance to Charlcs wer
che Great if he would invade England. But this ="
Archiepiſcopal dignity expird with Offa and Ea-*;
dalph. Among the Biſhops the moſt eminent is
* Chad, who was canoniz'd for his ſanity , and, as *8
ence of the Sow and the Trent [tands Ticks-ball, where | Bede ſays, when the Prelacy was not as yet tainted
the family ofthe Afons dwell, which tor antiquity and with exceſs and luxury, made himſelf a hooks 0 licein
kindred, is one of the beſt families in theſe parts[ n |. | vor far diſtant from the Church, wherein with a few 6-
With theſe waters the Trent glides gently through | :hers, that w, with ſeven or eight of hu brethren, be was
the middle of the County to the Eaftward , having ' wor: privately toread and pray as often as be had le:ure
— —— — > ——_— ——_—
_— ——— —— —
DR ———
—
8 Strange it is to read, what Lani's King Hoy 2. Confermd to Herry Audeley , which were beſiow'd on him through the bounty of the Pecr:, and
even of private Gentlemen, no: on:(y in England, 647 aljo in lrefand, where Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulſter gave him Lanas, togethir with the Contam?
of Ulfter ; ſo that without doubt he was either 7 p
all theſe qualificrtions, His perrio were a "4
Barſtaple ; as allo a yormger brotiver [/ this iou;
&. About wich time James Lord Analcy acguer'd
related by Frencs H/ſtorimme) being daangert uſty Worn ae
him a penſion of 409 marks per annum, be/fow”".t ir
doubting that iis g.fr might by too little
. 7:
+
xt
F 4»
a W277; gr 147 rePuration on the account of his valour and 5kill in war-like affairs, who \. 2s i:
a 172 7152 ottel of Poitiers, when the Black Prince with many high commenaations had 7:01 i
: mmceca ately on bus four Eſquires, that always tvaliantly attenaed kim, and ſatitfy' d the Pr
Jer jo great ſervice , with this anſwer, gratefully acknowledging his bounty : Theſe my Efquires f2v'd 3'y
r/on of ſougular virtue, or a very great kavourite, or an able Lawyer, or pcrhays was and wil”
9277 [age 1th the heirs of the Lord Giffard of Brimsfield, of Baron Martin Lord of K-imoit and
' 77-9 ene of 1/52 heirs of the Karl of Gloceſter, who wos by King Edward ;. created Earl of Git:
* if
PO”
#5+*3
lite anudft my enctues ; and Gud ve th nk&'d, my Ancett ors have lett me ſuttcient Revenues ro maintain me in your Service. # herewpon tht Prinze
approving this prudent Liberality, both coufurnt”a 35 Donatzon to his Eſquires, and beſides afſign'd ro him Land; to the value of 600 marks yearly. BY
by his daughter, one of the co-herrs to her brother, the 7itle of Lord Audicy came a/terward to the Touchets, and in them coitinueth.
'> And had 1; Camons: Prebendarie:u ho held in Frank- Almoin.
2m, built for their own ſeat: whoprevail'd with King John to cre it into a Bate
d with a wal, and.
'2 He was (4s it way be colleticd from tns Epitaph) Secretary and Privy Counſellor to King Henry £, and corftiruted by bis Teftams
among the principal! Noble men in the time of King Eaward the forlt.
the Barons of Stafford, of whoſe Prog ny wore the Dukes of Buck in
rouzh with ample liberties and priviledger, caus'd 19 be partly enclo;
Canterbur
Coun{eler my
iliam now ihe fern ti Barn Pagers,
x Wil
Ly
=
F
Adjutant ro King Eaward the ſrxtb during bis mingrity ; to whom
and by kim created (as have already ini;maies) Barys and knight of the Garter,as alja by
9 K cchan 4
1 {rt
ed a Priory of Black-Caxons in konour of St. Tizomas
he was Chaucellour of the Dutchy of Lancafter , Compuraiicr of *ht
Eucen Mary, Lord Priny-Seal, Whoſe gram
WS
from
—_—
STAFFORDSHIRE.
— —
v1 +
from bu labour and adminiſtring of the word | of God. ]
In that age Lichfield was but a ſmall village, and in po-
pulouſneſs far ſhort of a City. The Coantry about it
woody ; and a litthe river runs near it. The Church
was but of ſmall circuit, according to the meanmfs of rhoſe
ancient times. When in a Synod 1075. "twas prohi-
hited that Biſhop's Sees ſhould be in obſcure villages,
Pecer Biſhop of Lichfield cransferr'd his ſeat to Che-
iter. But Robert of Liznſey his ſacceſſor, remov'd ic
to Coventry. A little after, Roger Cl:izron brought it
back again ro Lichfreld,and a very fine Church
in 1148. in honour to the Virgin Mary and St. Ceada,
and repair'd the caſtle, which is quite decay'd, and '
unleſs the wind ſhift about from the Weſt inw the
nothing of it to be ſeen at this day. The cown with-
in the memory of our fathers was firſt incorporated
under the name of Barhffs and Burgeſſe: by K. Edward
the ſixth; being 52 and 42 minutes in Lati-
rude ; and in icnde 27 degrees, 20 minures | © |,
* This Lake at Lichfield is at firſt 2g rr chgnr
row compals within its banks, then it grows wi-
der afrerwards, but uniting ir ſelf ac laſt into a cha-
nel, it preſently falls inco the Trent, which continues
its courſe Eaſtward till it meets the river 72me from
the South; inconjunttion with which it runs through
places abounding with Alabaſter to the Northward ,
that it may ſooner receive the river Dove, and almoſt
m > inſulate Burton, formerly a remarkable rown for the
ſen,
"TT
Wow -
'e,
Alabaſter-works, for a caſtle of the Ferrars *'? , for
an ancient Monaſtery founded by Ulfric Sper Earl
of the Mercians, and ſor the retirement of Modwenys
an Iriſh woman. Of the Abbey, the Book of A-
bingdon ſpeaks thus; A certain ſervant of King «/Ethel-
red's, call d Ulfric Spot, built the Abbey of Burton, and
endow'd it with all bus paternal eſtate, to the wvalne of
700 l. and that thu gift might ſtand good, be gave King
eAthelred 300 mancs of gold for bu c tron to it,
and to every Biſhop frue mancs , beſides the town of Dum-
bleton over and above to Alfrick Arch-Biſhop of Canter-
bury. So that we may ſee from hence, that gold was
predominant in thoſe ages , and that it ſway'd and |
byaſs'd even in ſpiritual matters. In thig Monaſtery
Modwena, eminent for her ſanity in theſe parts,
lies buried, and on the Tomb theſe Verſes were in-
(cribed for her Epitaph :
Ortum Modwenne dat Hibernia, Scotia finem.
Anglia dat tumulum, dat Deus aſtra poli.
Prima dedit vitam, ſed mortem terra ſecunda,
Et terram terre tertia terra ded :
Aufert Lanfortin quam * terra Conallea profert,
Fzlix Burtonium virgins ofſs tenet.
By Ireland life, by Scetland death was given,
A Tomb by England, endlels joys by Heaven.
One boaſts ha on mourns her hopeleſs fate,
And one does earth to earth again commit.
Lanfortin raviſh'd what Tircomel gave,
And pious Burton keeps her ſacred grave.
Near Burton, berween the rivers Dore, Trent, and
2 Blith (which waters and gives name to Blithfield, the
delicate houſe of an anciene and famous family of the
d. Bogots [p] ) ftands Needwoed, a large Foreſt, with ma-
ny Parks in it, wherein the Gentry hereabouts fre-
quently exerciſe themſelves with greatlabour and ap-
plication in the pleaſant toik of hunting So tmach for
he inner parts. |
The North-part of the Courty gently ſhoots into
{malt hitls, which begin here, and 2+ che | inte
do in Italy, run through the middle of England in
one continu'd ridge, rifing ay or and higher from
one top to another, as far as and; but under fe-
=. veral names. For here they are call'd Mvoreland,
aſter that Peake, then again Black/fon-edge
ven, next Stemmore, and laſt of all, when they branch
out a
cold, thar ſnow continues long undiſfoly'd on it ; fo
that of a Country village here call'd Wotton, ſeated
at the bottom of /erey-hill, che Neighbours have this
verſe among them, intimaring that God never was in
that place :
Wotton under Wewer,
Where God came never '4.
'Tis obferv'd by the Inhabirants here, that the
Weſt-wind always cauſcs rain ; but that the Eaſt-
wind and the Soyth-wind, which are wont to pro-
duce rain in other places, make fair weather here,
South ; and this they aſcribe to their ſmall diſtance
from che Iriſh-ſea. From theſ# mountains riſe many
nvers in this Shire ; the chief are the Dove,the Hans,
Churnet, Tein, Blath , and Trent which receives them
all, and carries them with it into the Sea. The Downs
or Dove, bank'd wich hard Limeſtone, which they Dore.
burn to manuretheir helds with, runs ſwiftly for a
great way along the Eaſt-pact of this County, ſe-
vering it from Derbyſhire by its whice clayiſh cha-
nel, without ahy ſhelves of mud in ir. Lying in a Lime-
ſtong foil , it ſacks in ſuch richnefs from it, chac
inthe very middle of winter the meadows oh both
ſides of jt look freſh and ; and if it overflows
and lays the meadows affoat in April, like another
Nile, it makes thein fo fruicful, that the Inhabitants
thereabouts joyfully tell you their common rhyme ;
In April Dove's flood
Is worth a King's good.
This river will ſwell ſo much in ewelve hourstime,
that to the great terrour of the Inhabitants there-
abouts, it will waſh off ſheep and cartel, and carry
them along with it ; yet falls again within the ſame
tune, and returns to its old bounds : whereas the
Trenc, being once over the banks, keeps the field
in float four or five days together. But now for thoſe
rivers which run into it : The firſt is Hans, which Hang.
—_ under ground, breaks out again three miles
off. The next chat joyns it is the Churnet, which rans Churner-
by De-la-Cres- Abbey, buik by Ranulph the third of P-1-Cres.
that natmne,Earl of Cheſter, Leibe fot irs Markt;
afrd then Alton, formerly the Caſtle of the Barons de Aviton-
Verdon '5, from whom by the Farnivals it deſcended
ro the Talbors Earls of A little lower,
the Tein, a ſmall river, runs into the Dove, which ri- Tein.
ſitg not far from Cheddle, the ancient ſeat of the
Baſſers, deſcerided from the Baſlets of Draitoy, runs
oft int 4 courfeſo uneven and winding, that in a mile's
riding I had it to croſs four times. Near this , in
Checley Church-yard , ſtand three ſtones raiſed Spire- Checley.
like, two of which have little images cut out in
them ; and that in che middle is the higheſt. The
Inhabicemts talk of an engagement berween two Ar-
mies there, che one with weapons, the other with-
out , and that three Biſhops were ſlain in that bartel,
in memory of whom theſe ſtones were erected. What
hiſtorical treth may beveiFd under this ſtory, am nor
as yet ſenſible '*,
ow the Dove 7 runs under a firm Stone-bridge
to Urceſter, in Saxon Urrok-ceyep , ſeared upon a V<iter:
, anon Cra- |
; into horns,Cheviort. This Advoreland (which
5 fo call'd becanſe it riſes into hilk and mountains ,| i
and is enfraitfal, which ſort of places we call in our
language Moors) is a trat fo very ragged, foul, and
| hill of eafre aſcent, 2nd rather rich upon che accoune
| of its fine meadows and cattel, ran neat and hand-
ſome in refpe& of bnilding. Before I faw ir, Itook
ir for Erecerum, being induc'd to this opinion by the
affinity of the rwo names. Bur now time has farniſh'd
| me with more certainty in chis matter. Afterwards
where the Dove draws towards the Trent it fees Tur- Tutcsbury,
bury-caMMie, formerly very large, and alſo call'd Stures-
bury,commanding as it were the lower _ by
uation on an Alabaſter-hill; buile (with the
de Ferrars a noble Nor-
poſſeſſions
rs ey
liette Monaftery) by Henry
man, t& whom William the firft gave large
————__ — CvVo— }]ff[ [CET
——— _ Ws
* Biſhop Uſher bad rather place this Teyrs Conales at Clan-conal, im the County of Down. Antiquirat. Brit. Eccl, p. 369. fol.
'5 Who here the
'+ Nevertheleſs in ſo hard # ſeil it brings forth cud fink: Inefiraf og ee 3 ha n—_ |
"6
5 time,
A it hath in this Moorland 4 little caſtle nam'd Care!
of Fruare fone, ond Draco, which gave rate «featl
of great antiquity in this Commry. After it hath re
Ll z
In lib. de
laudibus
Divine
Sapientiz.
Tetnall.
* Hiſt. of
Staft. p 394.
no —C— —
in this County, which were ail loſt by Robert de
Ferrariis Earl of Derby, upon his ſecond revol: from
Hen. 3. For tho” after the many troubles he had
raiſed in the Barons war, he was receiv'd again into
favour by the King, and then bound by a ſtrict
oath to be faithful to him for the future; yet che
reſtleſs temper of this man (that he mjght make for-
tune comply by force ſince he could not by careſs
and oma x AS ſoon after hurry'd him again into
arms againſt his Soveraign 3 and being at laſt took,
that I may uſe the words of the record, according 10
the form of bu obligation he luffer'd this great lols of
his whole eſtate and honour. There is a lake ſome
where in this Shire, if Necham does not deceive us,
into which no wild beaſt will enter upon any ac-
count : but ſince the place is uncertain, and indeed
the thing more, I will only ſubſcribe theſe verſes of
Necham's about it, intitled by him
: CORRNASETTT
De Lacu in Staffordia.
Rugitu Lacus et eventics praco futuri,
Cujus aqus fera ſe credere nulla ſolet.
Inſtet odors canum wvirtus, mors inſtet acerba,
Non tamen intrabit exagitata lacum.
A Lake that with propherick noiſe does roar,
Where beaſts can ne'er be forc'd to venture o'er.
By hounds, or men, or fleeter death purſu'd,
They'll not plunge in, but ſhun the hated flood.
—
036
Of another Lake alſo in this County, Gervaſius Til. Go
burienſis, in his Oria Imperialia to Ocho the fourth,
writes thus ; In the Biſboprick of Coventry, and in the
County of Stafford, at the foot of tht mountain Mahull,
ſo call'd by the mhabitants, there # a water like a Lake
very broad, in the out-grounds of @ willage which they call
Magdalea. There w great ſtore of wood all along upon
the lake, the water of which #« very clear, and ſo effettu-
al in refreſhing, that when the bumters have given chace to
a ſtag or other wild bea#t till their horſes are ſpent and
weary, if they drink of this water in the ſcorching heat
of the ſun, and likewiſe water their horſes with i, they
recover their Flrength to run again to that degree, that one
would think they bad not run at all.
As for the title of Stafford, it has continu'd from
Robert of Stafford (whom William the Norman en-
rich'd with great poſſeflions,) in his poſtericy, till our
times. A family exceeding eminent and old: and
which has undergone ſeveral turns of fortune. For
firſt they were Barons of Stafford, ** then Earls, after
that Dukes of Buckingham and Earls of Stafford.
And now 'tis their ill fortune to be fallen back to their
old title of Baron only ; and thoſe great eſtates which
they have gain'd by their moſt honourable marriages,
are as it were fled and fſcatter'd. In lieu whereof,
they enjoy a happy ſecurity, which never cohabits
with greatneſs and great men.
18 Then few of them Earls. viz. v7 4 bas" by K. Edw. 3. Earl of Stafford, who mawy's the heireſs of Hugh Audley Earl of Gloceſter. Wiogh
sf,
bis ſon, who ay'd in pil, —_ at Rk
the daughter and here of Thomas of Woedftock Duke of yt ear
and bus three ſons ſucceſſively. Thomas and
illiam both without iſſue, and Edmund who took to wite
Afterward, three of them were Dukes of Buckingham, and Earls of Sta(for s
Kc. as it hath been before declared. By the att ainder of the laſt of them, thoſe ample inheritances, &c.
There are 130 Pariſhes in thu County.
ADDITIONS to STAFFORDSHIRE.
ſecur'd to us ſome conſiderable remains of
Roman Antiquity ; fo is it remarkable for
ſeveral engagements and revolutions relating to the
Saxon and Daniſh times. For the Britiſb, it is not
altogether fo conſiderable ; tho' there want not ſome
ſmall footſteps of that people, which the diſcov
of ſuch weapons as we know they formerly us'd,
point out to us. But whatever curioſities or rarities
it might have afforded, the world muſt have been
in a great meaſure ſtrangers to them, if it had not
tallen under the ſearch of the learned Dr. Plo,
both as to it's Natural Hiſtory, and allo it's Antiquities,
which he has given us by way of Appendix, without
mixing them with the body of his work. The
Jatter of theſe is our buſineſs at preſent, wherein he
mult be our greateſt guide whilſt we travel over this
County.
[a] To begin with Mr. Camden ; Dudley-Caſtle,
he tells us, deſcended from Firz- Auſculph to the Some-
reys; but between theſe two were the Paganals, where-
of Gervaſe Pagenal founded a Priory there. From
that family it next deſcended, by an heirefs, to the
Comereys; from whom, by a co-heir, it came to
Sir Jobn Sutton, deicended from the Suttons of Not-
tingham{hire : afterwards the Dudleys were poſſeſſed
of it, trom whom it paſs'd, by the daughter and heir
of Sir Ferdinando Dudley (fon and heir of the laſt Lord
Dudley) to Humble Lord Ward of Birmicham.
({b] More towards. the north is Wolver hampton,
which had by K. Hen. 3. a Fair granted to it upon
the eve and day of St. Peter and St. Paxl; and alſo a
Marker weekly on Wedneſdays. There is in it a
Free-{chool: founded by Sir Stephen Jennings, ſome-
time Lord Mayor of London.
[c) From hence paſling by Tetnall, we go to
Wrorteflcy, *eminent for the remains of ſome old Bri-
iſh or other Anriquity, whether fortification or city ;
tho my Author inclines to the latter, becauſe of ttc
feveral partitions like ſtreets running divers ways,
» _—
S Staffordſhire has the advantage of two an-
A cient ways running thr it, which have
within the limits of it, as alſo the large hinges which
have been found there, and ſome of the ſtones ſquar'd,
The whole contains in circuit about 4 or 4 miles;
and ſtones of a vaſt bigneſs have been found here-
abouts, whereof one made 100 loads; another, aſter
10 loads of ſtone were hew'n off it, requir'd 36 yoke
of oxen to draw it, and made the great ciſtern in the
malt-houſe at Wrotreſley, which, tho” left very thick
both at bottom and fides, will yet wet 37 ſtrikes of
barley at a time. If the hiſtorical account of the
Danes here in England can affert this monument to
them, I have nothing to obje&t againſt it; but ſo
far as that opinion is grounded upon Mr. Camden's
interpretation of Theotenball ( which is near, ) it is
very falſe: for that name implies no more than the
ball or palace of a Lord, without any neceſſary relati-
on to Heathens or Chriſtians.
Paganorum &des Were true, the argument were cer-
tainly undeniable, ſince every body knows, that the
Danes, in all our hiſtorians, go under the name of
Pagani.
Seaſdon, upon the edge of Shropſhire, offers it {elf
next to our conſideration, + near which, at a place
call'd Abbots, or Apewood-caſtle, there is an ancient
fortification, ſtanding on a lofty round promontory,
with a ſteep ridge for a mile together, having hollows
cut in the ground, over which ':is ſuppos'd anciently
they ſet their tents. The hills at each end, which
ſeem to have been the baſtions, make it probable
that the whole has been one continu'd fortification.
Whether it. be Roman or Britiſh is not ſo eaſily dc-
termin'd ; only, we know of no ſignal ation here-
abouts; which makes it more probable that 'tis Bri-
tiſh, becauſe if it had been Roman, their hiſtories
might perhaps have left us ſome account of ic. And
Tacitus makes it plain that the Britains did fortite 35
well with earth caſt up, as ſtones, when he tells us
\( Annal. 1. 12. c. 31.) that the Tens choſe a plact
' ſeptum” agreſti aggere, aditu anguſfto, ne pervins —_ fe
#,#
'nife a hank of earth.
ly fig-
j TowarGs
where the agreſts agger does moſt proba
If the conſtruction of
Farls af
Barons 1
Stafford,
410
tlep
—_—
- STAFFORDSHIRE
_ Þ AE
g's Towards the ſouth-eaſt from hence, is Kings-Swin-
wzh Ard; in which parilh, upon Aſhwood heath, there is
a large entrenchment, that meaſures about ' 140
paces over ; which notwich(tanding its diſtance from
the way, is yet, in the opinion of the learned
Dr. Plot, really Roman, 5. e. a tent or caſtrametation; !
made at that diſtance on the account of their being
drawn off from their ways and ordinary quarters, to
skirmiſh with the enemy as occaſion might require.
In this pariſh likewiſe, at Barrow-bill, are two uni-
form Barrows or Twmuli all rock ; which notwith-
DC
in the pariſh of Brewood, was found a braf-head of
the bolt of a Catapults; another was likewiſe diſco-
ver'd at Buſhbury, a third in the biggeſt of the Lows
po the Meorridge, and a fourth at Hundſworth ; all
of braſs, and much of the ſame form ; which Dr. Plot
has given us in the 5th Figure of his 43d Table. From
this it is cercain, that all theſe are Roman Tamuli, and
probably places of ſome action. |
[g] From the direQions of the I/ay, let us paſs to new-calt'e
the head of the great river Trent, near which is News ver
ls ind
'ONns of
ſtanding, Dr. Plot thinks to have been earth at firſt,
and turn'd into ſtone by ſubterraneal heats.
At the utmoſt ſouth-borders of this County, lies
Clent, famous for the death of S. Kenelm, {lain at ſeven
years of age by the contrivance of his ſiſter Quendred.
Not far from whence is Kinfare, where is an old
fortification of an oblong ſquare, about 43oo yards
long, and 200 over. The name will anſwer either
a Daniſh or Saxon original ; fo that to conclude upon
either barely from that, is a falſe bottom. And the
ſignification does not imply that any one was kill'd
chere. For Fane, tho' it ſignifies a gomg, an expedi-
tion, or journey ; yet I am confident it never de-
notes paſſing into another world. I ſhould rather
believe that ſome King in his march had ſtop'd there,
or made that his head-quarters, and fo deriv'd the
name upon it
Going to Watlingſtreet, we meet with Hynts; near
which place is a large Roman Tamulws, now ( like
thoſe at Barrow-bill) turn'd into a hard rock. There
are more Roman Barrows upon this ſtreet ; one at
Catts-bill, two on Calves-bearh, znother near Great
Sarden,
tt: On the edge of Warwickſhire, is Tamworth, which
". that name from the fragments ©
the Saxon Annals call Tamanpeopþze. In the year
781. it appears to have been the of the Merci-
an Kings, by a Grant of Offa to the Monks of Wor-
ceſter, which is dated from his royal palace there. A
ſquare trench is {till — by the name of King's
ditch, which is very large. That they was a Caſtle
before e/thelfled's time, is very plain; becauſe, ſhe
oniy repair'd it after it had been demoliſh'd by the
Danes : but by whom it was firſt made a place of
ſtrength, does not appear.
A little tarther towards the north lies Elford, where
is a Roman Tumulus, the deſcription whereof, after a
curious examination, Dr. Plot has given us. Level
with the ſurface of the ground about it is a moiſt
blackiſh ſort of earth without any mixture of gravel
or ſtones, about 2 yards diameter, and a foor and
half deep in the middle, lying much in the ſame form
* with the Tumulus it ſelf; on the edge whereof, the
ſame Author obferv'd aſhes and charcoal in their
true colours, and ſeveral pieces of bones in the mid-
dle of it fo friable, that they would crumble bertwixt
the fingers. Which plainly proves it to be Roman,
unleſs (which does not appear) the Saxons or Danes
ever burnt their dead bodies.
[ec] Upon the Roman-way near Lichfield, we find
a village call'd Wall, which 1s appar to have taken
an old wall upon
the north-ſide of Watlingſtreet. Mc. Camden does
rightly ſuppoſe it to be the Erocetum of Antoninus,
and the two ancient pavements wherein there appear
Roman bricks, with the remains of Antiquity diſco-
ver'd at Cheſterfield on the other ſide of the way, put
it beyond all diſpute.
[if] The next Station in this County 1s Pennocruci-
wn, which Mr. Camden had encouragement enough,
both from Antoninuss diſtances, and the. affinity of
the old and new names, to ſeex's a5; Dario and
yet one. objection ( it's lying Ir: eat W
at leaſt two miles) A's x the defign of th
ations, goes very hard againft it. Seretron (as
Dr. Plz. has ſettl'd it ) which has the. advantage of
ſtanding upon the Way, may, no doubt, lay ajuſt-
er claim to it. The name too favours the conje-
Qure ; for a little experience will teach any one thus
much, that where Street or Cheſter is part of the name,
2 man ſhall ſeldom loſe his labour in the ſearch after
tiquities.
A little below the Way ſouthward, near Fetherſtone
Lancaſter, and fo call'd, in reſpe& of another
at a little diſtance, Cheſterton under Lyme , - where
Mr. Camden found an old Caſtle half demolith'd;
but now nothing but ſome very obſcure remains are
to be ſeen.
where in a place call'd Berry-bank, on the top of a
hill, are the ruins of a large caſtle fortify'd with a
double' vslum and entrenchments, about 250 yards
diameter. This, according to tradition, was the
ſeat of Uſlfere King of Mercia, who murther'd his
ewo ſons for embracing Chriſtianity. The who'e
paſlage at large fee in Dr. Plot's Hiſtory of Srafford-
ſhire, p. 407. The next place we meer with memo-
of, in the park at Beaudeſari, there remains a large
fortification call'd the Caſtle-bill, encompaſs'd with a
double agger and trench, which are in a manner cir-
cular, except on the ſouth-eaſt ſide. What Dr. Ploc
conjectures, is highly probable, that it was caſt up
by Canutus, when he made ſuch diſmal waſte of thole
parts, as our Hiſtorians talk of.
[i ] Our next guide is the river Sow, about the
memory of Fames Lord Audley, deſerves our notice.
He was ſlain in that place fighting againſt the Earl
of Salsubury in the quarrel of Hen. 6. in which battel
no leſs than 2400 were ſlain upon the ſpor. -
the caſtle whereof was eicher built from the founda-
tion, or at leaſt repair'd, by Walter de Longton Biſhop
of Lichfield and Lord High Treaſurer of England, in
the reign of Edw. x. Not far from which is Hatton,
where 1s a high-pav'd way, which Dr. Plor imagines
to have been a Roman Via Vicinalis, or by-way from
one town to another.
lenhall, famous tor the family of the Neels ; of the
malc-heirs whereof are ſtill remaining thoſe of Hilcote-
Hardby, as alſo Baptiſt Earl of Gainsburrough, and
ſome others.
ſm] Nearer the Trent, upon the fame river, lies
a Caſtle, whereof there is nothing remaining;; that
upon the hill, at a mile's diſtance from the town,
being built by Ranwiph or Ralph the firlt Earl of Staf-
he only re-edify'd the Caſtle, and not new built it,
becauſe he had ſeen a certain Deed dated from the
Caſtle near Stafford long before the days of Earl
Ralph. But Dr. Plot is of opinion, that the.old Caſtle
there mention'd might rather ſtand within. the! en-
trenchment at Billington, which poop (lays he.)
may be only the remains of this Caſtle ; the lands
wherein theſe entrenchments are, being not far di-
ſtant, and ſtill remaining a part of the demeſne lan
of the Barony of Stafford. |
0] Near the meeting of Sow and Trent is Tixal;
not far
of the family of the Cherwinds; the laſt owner of
which ( who dy'd without iſſue, A. D. 1693.) was
Walter Chetwind Eſq; a Gentleman eminent, as for
his anciene family and great hoſpitality, ſo- top. his
admirable skill in Antiquities, the Hiſtory of Srafford-
ſbire receiving great encouragement from him.: He
was likewiſe: a perſon of a charitable and 'publick
ſpirit, as appear'd by new building the Pariſh-Church
of Ingeſtre after a very beautiful manner, and allo add-
ing to the Vicarage ſuch tythes as remain'd- in his
hands.
ſo] About four miles
field, where a thouſand Chriſtians (who had been in-
ſtructed
cafle under Lyme, built in Hen. 37s time by the Earl "io
O
[h] From hence the river leads us to Darlaſton ; Darlaſton.
rable, is Cank or Cannockwood, upon the edge where- Cank.
head whereof is Blore bearh, where a ſtone, ſet up in lore hexh
[k] From hence this river dire&ts us to. Eccleſhall, Ecciclh.!.
[ 1] Going nearer to Stafford, we meet with E!- Ellenhall.
Stafford, where Ethelfled the Mercian Queen built 5:44.
ford, a long time after. And Mr. |} Erdfwick coneludes, || View of
Stafford-
hire.
from whence ſtands Inge/re, an ancient ſeat (;gettre.
from the Trent lies Lick- Lichfield.
— ---
COR NAVDIL
inftruced by S. Amphibalus in a place call'd Chriftian- | Continuation of che LORD S.
field) were martyr'd, and their bodies left unburied |
to be devour'd by birds and beaſts; from whence | After Edward Stafford laſt Duke of Buckingham
the Ciry bears for their Device , an Eſcocheon of | of that name, there were three of that family ,
Landskip with many Martyrs in it , in ſeveral man- | who enjoy'd the title of Lords Stafford , Henry ,
ners maſſacred. This place, fince our Author's | Edward, and another Henry: the daughter of
time, has given che honourable title of Earl, firſt ro | the laſt being marcy'd to Wiliam Howard , fon of
Bernard Stewart, youngeſt fon of Eſme Dake of Len- | Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, King Charles the
ox and Earl of Merch, created in the 21th year of | hiſt created this her husband, Nov. 1640. Viſcount
Charles the firlt. Being ſlain at the batrel at Rowron- | and Lord Stofford.
beath in Cheſhire, he was ſucceeded by Charles Srew- Adore rave Planes growing wild is Saffordſhire.
art his nephew, who dy'd Ambaſſadour in Denmark |
in 1672. About two years after, the title was con- | The mewntainous part of thu Comntry,called the Moore-
terrd upon Edward Herry Lee, created June 5. 1674. lands, weeth the ſame plants with the Peak- Country
Baron of Spellesbury, Vicount Quarendon, and Earl of | ef D we. The more depreſſed and level parts, with
Lichfeld. Warwichſbire.
- Not far from hence is Streerhey, the name whereof | At a willage called Worton in tha County , about two
ſeems to be taken from its ſituation upon the o/d way, | miles diffant from Newport tm Shropſhire yrow m plenty
call'd Ihenild-ſtreet ; * and its diſtance from 'Srreeron | rhe .
(another town lying upon the ſame road , and daim-| Abies Ger. Park. fzmina, five "Exim aus F.B. The
ing the ſame antiquity on account of its name ) be- | female or Yew-kaw/d Firr-tree : which whether they were
ing about x2 miles, makes it reaſonable enough to | native of 1hw place, or anciently planted bere , u ſome
ſuppoſe thac theſe two might be fations for the re- | queſfion. That they were natives Dr. Plot gathers no:
ception of the Armies in their march. Upon the | only om ther diſorderly natural ſituation , and exceſjive
ealt fide of the road , between Streerhey and Burton , | beight, ro which plamed trees ſeldom arrive , but chiefly
Eddinghall. ſtands Eddingal, where is a rais'd way, pointing to | Fom the fools or s of many trees which be ſafpeF#s to
wards Lullington in Derbyſhire, which Dr. Plot is of | 6eve been Firrs found near them, in their natural poſition
opinion might probably be one of the Roman Vi. | i the bottoms of Moſſes and Pools, (particularly of Sheb-
vicinales, or by-roads, which they had beſide their | ben-pool) ſorme of the bodies whereof are daily dug uy at
great bigb-ways, for the convenience of going be- | Laymon, and in the old Pewer-yool in the ſame pariſh where
eween town and town. theſe now grow.
Biichficld, [p] More to the Welt is Blithfield , the ſeat of the | Sorbus Pyriformis D. Pitt. The Pear-hike Service. I
Bagotts, as Mr. Camden tells us. It came into this | have aeady declared my opinion, that this « no other rhan
family = the marriage of the daughter and heir of | the commen Service-tree. Dr. Plot tells ws that it grows
Blirhfield, in the reign of Edward theſecond. Before | m the Moorelands at many places.
which time they were ſeated at the neighbonring | Sambucus fruftu albo Ger. Park. frudtu in umbella
village of Bag otts-Bromley. From this family were | viridi C. B. acinis albis F. B. White-berried Elder. hk
alſo the ancient Barons of Stafford, after- | the hedges near the willage of Combridge plentifully. Dr.
wards Dukes of Buckingham. Farther Northward , Plot hift. nat. Staff.
and not far from Checkley. by a fmall brook calld| Tripolium minus vulgare. The leſſer Sea-Far-wort.
Peak, are the ſtately ruins of Croxden- Abbey, former- | Said to grow % the grounds of Mr. Cherwynd of Ing#ree,
$45
ly a Monaſtery of Ciſtercian Monks , founded by | within two miles of Stafford, in a place caltd the Marſh,
Theobald de Verdon, a Norman Baron, about the time | neer the place where the brine of it ſeif breaks out above
of Henry the ſecond. ound, jrets away the graſi, and makes a plaſh of Salt-
T Fn Dr. Plot. hiſt. nat. Staff. F 4
Cn rn iimen—— ———
SHROPSHIRE.
HE fourth diviſion of that Country | privileges and immunities; one of which was, that
which (as *tis generally believ'd) the | the King's Writs ſhould nat run here in ſome Caufes.
Cornavii did inhabit, was known in | But notwithſtanding chat, whatever controverſie aroſe
the Saxons time by the name of | concerning the right of Lordſhips, or cheir extent,
* 6cipyp-rcype and Shpobbe-rcype, | ſuch were only determinable in the King's Courts of
which we call Shropſhire, and the | Juſtice. We find theſe ſtiFd formerly Afarchiones de Marui
Latins Comitatus Salopienſi, It much exceeds the reft | Marchia Wallie, Marquiffes of the chesof Wales, _
in compaſs, and is not inferiour to any of them in | as appears by the red book in the Exchequer, where
che fruitfulneſs of its ſoil, or the pleaſure it affords. | we read, that at the Coronation of Queen Eleanor,
Tis bounded on the Eaſt by Staffordſhire,on the Weft | Conſort to Henry the third, theſe Marquiſfes , or
by Montgomeryſbire and Denbyſhire, on the South by | Lords Marchers of Wales, viz. Fobn Fitz.- Alane,Raiph
WrorceFterſhire, Herefordſvire, and Radnorſhire, and North -| de Mortimer, Fohw de Monmouth, and Walter de Clifford,
ward by Cheſhire. 'Tis environ'd on ſide with | i bebalf of the Marches, did claim m their right, to pro-
towns'and caſtles [a], being a frontier nty , Or | vide filver pears, and bring them * to fo the ſquare The Cu
(as Siculms Flaccws words it) Ager arcifinins, of great uſe | Canopy of purple folk at the Coronation of the Kings and ")-
in checking the excurſions of their Welſh neighbours; | Queens of England. But peacefal times and kingly
from whence, the borders of it towards Wales were | power has b abokiſh'd the private rights of
The Mar- call'd in the Saxon age the Marches , being the | theſe Lords *. - Yee I would not be underſtood
oe. limits between them and the Engliſh. In this Coun- | (therefore Foſs it as a caution) that all this Country
ery ſome 'Noblemen were inticked Barones Marchie, | belong'd to the Cornavii, but fo much only as lies on
Lords ©* Lords Marchers, who exercis'd within their reſpe- | this ſide che Severn. That on the other fide, was
Machet. Rive liberties a fort of *Palatinate juriſdition , and PR tothe Ordovices, who ſpread themſetves far;
held Courts of Juſtice to de&termine Controrerfies | ſome part of whoſe Country (as alfo fome ſmall
among their neighbours, and prefcribd for ſeveral ' parcels on: this ſide Severn, which belong'd to the
'« It is called in the Saxon Annals, Scrobber-byrig-[cyre, and Scrobb-ſcire z as by the later writers Screpſcive, and Salopſchire ; and others nearer our
tires, Sc re. + See the Catalogue of r In Raanrfhire. «c What a Palhatmate Jurifdiction is, fee im the Addirions to Ch:ſhive.
4 _ privilege of ſupporting the Canopy, belongs (among(t other immunities and privileges) to the lobabitans of the Ciogue-port-towes. Gamden
in Ken.
” #utb they enjoy'd and inſelently excreis'd over the pror Inhabitaxss in the Marches. | ; Þ
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SHROPSHIRE
542
Lords Marchers ) were laid to this Shire' not lon
ſince by At of Parliament. This 'divifion ©
the whole Shire is the - more proper” and conveni-
ent, becauſe the river Severn parts it from the
Weſt, to the South-eaſt point. "Tis boanded on the
South-ſide of Severn by the river Temd,in welſh,
Tifidiauc which at fome' diſtance is joyn'dby the river
ei Colun, in wellh Colmmwy, but for thortnefs Clue; and
riſech higher np in the Gountry, not far - frem a
well-frequented little town, call'd Biſhops-enftk , be-
cauſe it belong'd to the Biſbops of Hereford, whoſe
Dioceſe takes in a great part ot this Shire. - It- gives
denomination | to Calum or 'Clune-caſtle, which was
buile by the Firz-Alans , who were deſcended from
one Alan the fon of Fadd a Norman, and were af-
rerwards;Earls of Arunde, at ſuch time as rhey were
Lords Marchbrs here, and 'annoy'd the Welth-men
with their frequent inroads: but where # meets he ri-
yer Temd, ataong feveral s fords,ariſetly®a Hill
C2 of great antiquity, call'd Caer Caradeck, becauſe about
* by a noble and majeſtick freedom of addrefs. For
+ the taking this hill, and Carataces prifoner,a trinmph
© tiſh Heroes, Caradauc * Urichfras is the chief, who to
"" me ſcems undoubredly to have been the very Cara
' racws [b)], Next ſtands Ludlow, in Welſh Daman, and |
| ; as likewiſe did Roger de Mortimer from Henry the
the year of our Lord o;, Caratacar a renown'd Britifh
a | breach' with -no
great dithculey in ſo flight a fRtone-work, ( fone” r0-
;ns of which are yer to be ſeen) forc'd the Jifarm'd
Britains to betake themſelves to the tops' of the
phen, Simon de Mownrford, and Henry the fixth did
damnific it _— their civil wars,. yet it always
"recover ic felf; bit more eſpecially., .cver ſince
King Henry the” eighth, eftabliſh'd the Council cf
the Marches, npt | tnlike .the French Parliaments ; The Coun-
the Lord: Prefidetit whereef doth keep! his Courts Marches.
here, 'whjch ſeldom flacken in buſinth ; whether, jt ©
be tjag'es the Soveraign Jurong here exercisf,
| or the litigious temper 'of the — . people. This
| Coundil confiſts of a Lotd Prefidene , "and as many
| Counſellors as the King pleaſes, a Secretary, an Ar-
rorney , a Solicitor ,, and the four Juſtices gf” ch©
Cortncies of Wates..” |
Lower upon'”*the. river Temd we. ſos Burford , "is
which from Theodorick $47's poſterity deſcended to
Robert de Mortimer , and from his heirs to + Jeffrey
ds Cormubia, or Cornwaile, of the lineage of Richard
Eatt of Cornwall tid King ofthe Alemans;whole heirs,
nay our days., have bore the honourable ticle
of- Yarons, but were not ſuch Barons as mighe _
fit in Parliament. Burford & beld of rhe King, ro 44% © 3
Cornwaile.
hes King, inviren'd ic with a bulwark of ſtone," ant{&&- | ford five mtn towards the Army of Wales, and by the fet-
ſended it galiantly againſt Oforius and 'the Roman | vite of '# Barony,” a5 appears by the Inquiſition.
Legions; gill chey , by making '\
Bug,
| obſerve; by the way , thoſe who, held anentire Ba-
rony were or repuced Barons, and {ome- $&
ges of the Comma will Have Baron and Barby 32100 and
7, 'to have been Conjugates , like Earl and Earldow, conjuga:
Mountains. The King himfelf eſcap'd by flight,
but his wife, daughter, and brethren' were” taken
priſoners ; yet was not his eſcape ſucceſsfal, Cthere
being no {ecurity again ill deſtiny,) for afterwards
he was deliver'd up to Offeriw by Queen Cartsſmanitua
( with whom he had intruſted himfef ) and carried
to Rome ;z where, notwithſtanding he had engag'd
the Romans in ſo tedious and toiffome a war, he
procur'd his'pardon and his familie's of Claydizs Ce-
{ar by no: baſe or precarious follicication , but
was decreed to Offoriw ; nor did the captive King
kem a le& prize to the Senate, than the ewo Royal
Priſoners,' Fyphax, whom P.Scipio, and Perſes, whom
L. Paulus preſented to the Romans. And notwirh- |
ltanding our forry-Hiſtorian has ormtred borh rhe
account of this bartel, and this gallant Britain, yet
is not his memory, nor the ſtory, extin& among the
Country people. They tell us, that a King was
beaten upon this hill , and in the Welſh-book call'd
Triades , amongſt three of the moſt renown'd Bri-
CUNJUg ALES.
Dyke and "Dubedom, King and King dom. ogy
--Trmd Here leaves Sbropſbire., and. by . ies Northern
$ ariſe; ſome ills of no difficult aſcent , call'd |
ee-bill, Famous for producing the beſt Barley , and clcc-bil.
not wirhogt forne veins of Iron [c] ; at the bottom
of 'which, in a Tiale village calld Cleybury, Hugh
de Mortimer built a caſtle, which immediately King
Henry the fecohd. fo entirely demolith'd, finding it
a Nurcfery of Rebellion , that ſcarce any remains of
it zre viſible at this day : and Kinler , a ſeat of the
Blents, a, name Very famous in theſe parts, denoting F*"* ":
their golden locks. "This is a very ancient and ho- hair. in the
nourable family, and hath ſpread its branches far. Normn
Then we fee wh tir reg call'd Bridgnorth, Bri-ise-
on the right hand bank of the Severn, fo call'd of nc.
Burgb and Morfe a Foreſt that adjoyns to it , befote
call'd Biwgh only ; a town enclosd and fortified
with walls, a dixch, a caſtle, and the river-; Severn,
which wirh a very ſteep fall, flows in amongſt the
rocks. Tt ſtands ſecure upon a rock, through which
the ways that lead into:the upper part of the town,
were cut, *Twas firſt built by Edelfleds, Lady of Dorins
che Merciatis, and wall'd round by Robert de? Be. 3**
lim Fail of Shrewsbury, who relying upon the
Blunt figni-
Lys-twyfoc, that is, the Prince's Palace ; 'tis ſeated
upon a hill, at the joyning of the Temd with the 1i-
ver Corve, a town of greater beaury than antiquity.
Roger de Montgomery tirft built a caſtle here, beauti-
ful and ſtrong, upon the river Corve; and from thence
enclos'd it with a wall, about a mile in compab.
This, when his ſon Robert was banifh'd, King Hen-
ry the firft held, and defended againſt King Ste-
phen, who laid cloſe ſiege to it ; where Henry fon
of the King of Scots, being lifted from his Horfe
wk. by an Iron-hook, had like to have been drawn with
i. in the walls, had net King Stephen himſelf affifted
him, and brought him off by his fingular courage.
Afterwards King Henry the ſecond gare this caftle,
with the vale below ic along the Corve (commonly
calld Corwves-dale) to * Fulk de Dinan; next it came
tothe Lacys of Ireland, and by a daughter, to "Do
frey de Femevile a Poidtiruin, or (as fome fay) of the
Houſe of Lorain, from whoſe poſterity it deſcended
again by a daughter to the Mortimers, and from
them ic fell hereditarily to the Crown. Afffeer-
wards, the Inhabitants themſelves erected a fair
Church in this place, upon the higheſt ground in
the heart of the town, the only one they have ; and
from this time we may date its rzputation and emi-
nence beyond any hereaboutss Tho King >ote-
ſtrength of the place, revolted from Henry che firſt,
ſecond, but both with ill ſucces; for they were
forc'd to ſurrender , and ſo were quieted. At the
fege of this caſtle ( as our Chronicles ſay ) King
Henry the ſecond had like to have loſt his lite
by an arrow, which being ſhot at him, was inter-
cepted by a truly gallant man , and lover of his
King, 5 Hubert de Saint-Clere, who ſav'd the King's
life, by being acceſſary to his own death. At this
lace drain 6 Ralph de Pichford behav'd himſelt
fo gallantly , that King Henry the firſt gave him che
liecte 7 Brug near it, to hold by the ſervice of finding dry
wood for the great chamber of 1he caſte of 7 Brug ag ain#t
the coming of hu Soveraign Lord the King. [d ) Willeley
is not far off, the ancient ſeat of * the War-
ners of IWilleley, trom whoſe poſterity by the Harleys Wiley, or
and Peſhall it came to the famous family of the La nee
cons, much advancd by intermarriage with the heir
of Paſſelew, and lately improv'd by the polleflions of
Sir F. Blunt of Kinlet, Kt. h
Other caſtles and towns lye ſcattering hereabours,
as, New caſtle, Hopton caſte , Shipton, and Corweſham
upon the river Corve, the gift of K. Hen. 2. to Walter | .. _
de Clifford; Brancroft,and Holgor commonly cal'd How- © ©
| vate, which fermerly belong'd to the Mandaresythiento
9 Robert Burne/ Bp.of Bath,and afterward to the Lowels.
—
* There is no acce(s to it but at one place. Harriſon, Hiſt. of England.
; i is now in the poſſeſſion of George Weld Ry.
" oragy Foulk of Dinan. 3 Sir Feffrey. 4 Sir Jeffrey. 5 Sir Hubert
/ His right name is Bele/we, for ſo the ancient Saxon Annals call him-
9 Robert
Up
Syncler. *$ Sir Ralph. 7 Burgh. * Sir Warner.
—__ ——
Wcnlock.
OT T—_—_ ——
—O'— — — — — — ——___————
— — — - - I —O<—o—o— > _- I - — —— — —
—_ —
Up higher ſtands Wenlock, now famous for lime
ſtone, but formerly in King Richard the fecond's
time for a coppe:-mine ; yer moſt remarkable in the | Corbers, but. now to the ancient family of t
C0 R NY DFEPS.
— W—_—_—— — — —
— — ——
cient, upoh'the weſtern borders of the Shire, not
far from'the Severn, which formerly oy © the
e Lifters.
"Saxons tinie, for a very anciene Nunnery; where | Some. time before, Fobs L Eſtrange of Knock:ng had
Milburga liv'd' a devout Virgin, and was haries : it; our of ill will co. whom, Leolin Prince ot
Malmed. | jt was repaid, and filld with Monks, by Earl | Wales ras'd it to the ground, as we read in the Life
Action Bur- Roger de pony [6] 0. Atton Burnell, a caltle | of 4 Fulk-Fitz-Warin. We find it flouriſhing by te
_ / of the Burnels, and afterwards of the Lovels, was ho- | ſame namelin the Romans time, but calld Ruru-
nourd with an Aſſembly of Parliament in Edward , niuw | by Antoninus : | nor can it be a miſtake,
the firſt's reign. The family of the Burnels was very | ſince the name, and the diftance which ke deſcribes
honourable and ancient, and much enrich'd by the | ic to be from the famous town Uriconium, exactly
Biſhop before-mention'd ; bur ic became extin in | concur. Near this is Abberbury-caftle, and Watleſ: Atter
Edward the ſecond's reign, when AMawd the heireſs | bury, which from the Corbers cane to the Leighrons, lb
married John Love! her firſt husband, and John | Knights, of an honourable family *. Ir ſeems to
Haudlow her ſecond; whoſe ſon Nicholas took the | have taken. irs name from that Confular-way and
name of Burnel; from whom the Ratcliffs Earls of Kings high-road call'd: Warlomg#reet, which leads by
Suſſex, and ſome others, derive their pedigree [ f}. | this place into the fartheſt parts of Wales ( as Ranul-
Scarce a mile off is Langcy, lowly ſituated in a woody | phus Ceſtrenſis fays.) thro) two ſmall towns, that
park, the ſeat of the Leas, one of the moſt” ancient are calld from it ' Srretrons, 'berween which, in a
William
Barons
Burnell.
Langley.
Condovecr.
Stiperiton's
_ Hull.
and honourable families in theſe parts *. Next is
Condover, formerly a manour of the Lowels, and late-
valley, ſome ruins are to be ſeen of 'an'ancient
| Caſtle call'd Brocards-caft/e, ſurrounded with green
B-5Cw
ly of Tho. Owen, one of the Juſtices ofthe Common | meadows, that were formerly fiſh-ponds. Bur theſe «tt
Þleas, a very great lover of learning ; but ſince de-
ceas'd, and has leſt behind him a fon, Sir Roger Owen,
a general ſcholar, and altogether worthy ot ſo excel-
lent a father. It a s by record, that this is hol-
den of the King in chief, To find two foor ſoldiers for
one day towards the army of Wales, in time of war. A
remark, that I think proper once for all ro make, for
a general information, 'that the Gentry of theſe parts
held their eſtates of the King of England by tenure,
ro aid him with ſoldiers, for defence of the Marches,
whenſoever a war broke out between the Engliſh and
Welſh. Near this is a little — call'd Pircbferd,
which formerly gave it's name to the ancient family
of the Pirchfords ; but now is in the poſſeflion of R.
Oteley. Our Anceſtors call'd it P:echford, from a ſpring
of pitchy water; for in thoſe days, they knew no di-
ſtinion' between pirch and birumen. And there is a
well in a poor man's yard, upon which there floats a |
fort of liquid bitzmen, although it be continually
{cumm'd off; after the ſame manner as it doth: on
the lake Aſphaltire: in JFudea, and on a ſtanding pool
about Samoſata, and on a ſpring by 4 rigentum in
Sicily : but the inhabitants make no other uſe of it
than as picch. Whether it be a preſervative againſt
the Falling-ſickneſs, or be good for drawing and
healing wounds (as that in Fades is) I know no one
yet that has made the experiment. More eaſtward
filands Pouderbache caftle now ruinated, formerly call'd
Purle bache, the feat of Ralph Butler, the younger ſon
of ** Ralph Butler of Wem ; from whom the Butlers ot
IWoodball, in the County of Hertford, derive' their
pedigree. Below this, Huckffow foreFt fetches a great
compals berween the mountains ; where at Stiper/ton's
hill, great heaps of ſtones, and little rocks ( as it
were) appear very thick: the Welſh call them
Carneddau tewion; ** but I dare not ſo much as
gueſs that theſe, among others, were the ſtones
which Giraldus Cambrenſis deſcribes in this manner.
Harald, the wery laſt foot-ſoldier, with a company of foot,
lightly arms#'d, and ftock'd with ſuch proviſion as the coun.
try afforded , march'd both round the whole County of
Wales, and through and throug b ut ; inſomuch that he [carce
leſt any alive behind bim : in memory of which total
defeat, be threw up many billocks of ftenes, after the an-
cient manner, in thoſe places where he obtam'd widtories ;
which beer this Inſcription :
HIC FVIT VICTOR HARALDYVS.
At thu place Harald was Conquerour.
More to the north Cawrſe-caftle is ſituated, the Ba-
| caſtles with ſome others, which are too many to
reckon up here, owing their decay to length of time
and uninterrupted peace, and not to the fury of war,
are a great part of them ready to drop to the
ground.
Now, paſling over the river Severn, we come to
the ſecond divihon propos d, which lay on this ſide
the Severn, and ( as is faid ) belongd to the Corna-
vis, This likewiſe is divided into ewo by the river
Tern, which flows from north to ſouth, and has it's
name from a large pool in Staffordſhire, where it ri-
ſes ; ſuch as we call Tearnes. In the hithern:oft or
eaſtern parts of theſe diviſions, near the place where
Tern 4
ninus calld it, tho' Ptolemy would have it Yirocon-
wn, and Ninnius Carer Vruach ; the Saxons call d it
Severn joyn, ſtood Vriconizm ; for fo Anto- yi
W pcken-cearren, but ve Wreckceter and Wroxceter. ws
It was the Metropolis of the Cornawss, and builr
, probably by the Romans, when they fortily'd the
| bank of the Severn, which is only here fordable, and
not any where lower towards the mouth of it; but
this being ſhatter'd by the Saxon war, was quite de-
village, inhabited cny by country-people, who fre-
quently plow up ancient coins, that bear witneſs cf
its antiquity. Here is nothing to be ſeen of it, but
a very few reliques of b1oken walls, cal'd by the peo-
ple * The old works of Wrexceter, which were built of
evenneſs of the ground, heaps of earth, and here and
there the rubbiſh of walls. The plot where this city
ſtood ( which is no ſmall ſpot of ground ) is a black-
er earth than the 1eſt, and yields the largeſt crops of
the beſt barley [g]. Below this city, went that Ro-
man military high-way call'd Watling ſtreet, either
mention'd, (which name imports they were Towns
ſeated by the bigh-way ; ) the foundation of which
bridge was lately diſcover'd a lictle above, in ſetting
a Wear (for lo they call a fiſhing damme ) in the r1-
ver: but now there is no track of the Way [hb]
This ancient name of /;jroconium is more manifeſtly
retain'd by a neigi.bouring n:ountain, calld Wreken-
bill, by ſome G4lbert's-bill, which gradually falls into
a pleaſ..nt level, and yields an entertaining proſpeR
of the plains about it ®. his hill ſhoots ic felt out
pretty far in length, is well ſer with crees; and under
commonly call'd Bildas, was tormerly a noted Mona-
rony of '* Peter Corber, from whom it came to the | ſtery, the bury ing-place of the Burnels, a famous fami-
Rarons of Stafford ; and near it Rowton, very an- | ly,andPatronsof it. Above it is a Lodge, call d Watlirg-
+ This family is new exrint. + It is now the Lord Weymouth's.
very obvigus to obſerve ſeveral rowns af this name thro? Eng)
being about 25 toot high, and 100 in length. = It Rands
avout, Leland's Utin.
and, lying upon the ancient high ways.
about a mile from # rexeter, and is the higheſt gruund cf all rhe Country there
— ———_— — - — — —
-
clhon of Sir Edward Lrighton Baronet. i it '$
» This ſtands ncar the m:dit of the city,
+ It is now in the
. 10 In later Times, Sir John Winell, cel alſ6 Wenlock, becauſe he kere inhabited, for kis faithful ſervice to King Henry 6. was by him advarc'd
ro ke ſtate and honour of Baron Wanlock, and
elefled Knig ht of the Gartcy ; in wheſe cauſe he manfully left kis uje in the batrel of Tewksbury, {4
Vrng no iſſne : out from his Couſin and heir-general, the Lawicys of this County are lm: ally acjcenara. A little more wi ft is Acton-Burrell, ©&
** $7 Ralph Butler, tire younger ſon of Ralpi: Bur'cy of Mem.
Pu gre. 5 In egna/ defiance.
ET.13.3
q >
iz But alrcas theſe ſeem nitural, 1 aare not, &<.
is dzr Peter. 44 Jr
f ret
ſtroy d in that of the Danes, and is now a very little
hewn ſtone, and laid in || ſeven rows '7, arch'd within, | 5:
aſter the faſhion 'of the Britains. That where theſe =
are, was formerly a caſtle, is probable from the un- 4.
thro' a ford, or over a bridge, to the Srratrons before Sm:
Wres
it, where Severin viſits it with it's ſtreams, at Buldewas,
id ward rx. was the ſeat of '* Ralph de
SHROPSHIRE.,
ſreet from it's ſituation upon the publick Streec or mi-
licary high-way ; and
; Dalaley-cafthe, which upon the baniſhment of Richard
Earl of Arandel, King Rich, 2. by A& of Parliament
did annex to the Principalicy of Cheſter, which he
had ere&ed. . Not far from the foot” of this hill, in
the depth urn: = that Roman military high-
, way, is Okenyate, a ' Village, of ſome note fo
the pit-coal ; which, by reaſon of'it's low ſicuation,
and that diftance which Antoninus ſays Uſ-ocona is
both from Uriconium and Pennocruciam, undoubtedly
-a. muſt be the ſame with * Uſ-ocona. Nor does the name
make againſt the conje&ure z for it is compounded
of the word 77, which in-Welſh ſignifies Low, and
ſcems to be added to exprels its lowly ſruation. On
the other fide under thishill appears Char}erow-caft le,
= anciently belonging to the Charletons == Powis :
and more caſtward' towards Jeſper re is' Tong-
caftie, formerly Toang, repair'd not long ſince by che
Vernons, as likewiſe was the College within the town,
which the Penbriges ( as Fhave read)" firſt founded.
The inhabicants boaſt of nothing more, 'than a great
bell, famous in thoſe parts for ics bigneK. Hard by
ſtands Albrigbton, which in the __ King Ed-
bford, buc now
belongs to the Talbots, who are deſcended from the
Earls of Shrewsbury 7, | WY
On the other tide of the river Tern, les Draiton,
- upon the very banks of it; where, during 'the Civil
. wars between the houſes of Lancafter and York, was
a battel fonght, very faralto the Gentry of Cheſhire;
for tho? Vikory neither rurn'd her balance on che
one ſide or the other, yet they being divided, and
adhering to both parties, were cut off in great num-
by are the reliques of
The family of theſe Corbers is ancient, and of gr
e In this Shire, ' and held eſtates by
about
Roger de ery Earl of Shrewsbury,
the coming i "of ormans ; viz. Roger Corber
the'ſon, hel lebec, Hundeſlit, AFun, Fernleg, &c.
Robert Corber the” fbn held lands in Ulf, Rot- Corbet .
Uagbop, Branten, Uleror *%, More to- the fonth lies 7 <mm*
Areoll, a ſeat" of the Newports 4 Knights ; and in its arcoll.
yei | 100d is H ond- Abbey, which was well Hzgmond-
ow'd, if not d, by the Fitz-Alenes. Not Abbey.
much lower, is pleaſantly fitzated '\upon che Severn
che f nrigarn þ this County (riſen our of the ruins
of old Uriconium) which we call Shrewsbury, and now thrend.
a-days more foftty\ and ſmoothly, Sbrow:bury.. Our >u7-
Anceftors calF'd ie ;Scpobber-bynyg, becauſe the hill
ſtands on” was welf' wooded: In which ſenſe
the Greeks <rJy their Beſſa, and the Britains 'this
I Periguerne, that is, the brow-of Alders, where liks-
; wie Was a noble Palace fo nam'd: but how-it comes
co. be calld in, Welſh Tawithig, by the Normans
Scropesbery, Sloppesbury, and Salop, and in Latin Salo-
pia, I know not; unleſs they be deriv'd from the old
word Scrobbes-berig differently wteſted. Yer ſomeCri-
ticks in the Welſh congue imagine *twas call'd Tmwithig
(as much as Placentia) from the Welſh Mwither,
and thar their Bards gave it that-name becauſe their
| Princes of Wales delighted moſt-in this place. It is
ſituated upon a hill, the earch of which is of a red>
diſh colour : the Severn is here paſſable by ewo fair
bridges, and embracing it almoſt round, makes
it a Peninſula, as Leland, our Poet and Anti-
quary, deſcribes it.
Edita Pinguerni late faſt igia ſplendent,
bers. Lower down, and pretty near the Tern, lies |
Hodnet, formerly inhabiced 'by Gendemen of thar |
name; from whom, by the Ladl/ows, it hereditarily |
it. fell ro che Vernons. It was formerly beld' of the Honour |
of Montgomery, by the ſervice of being Steward of that |
Honour; | The Tern, after that, paſſing by ſome ſmall
6
my is joyn'd by a rivulet calld Roday; and af-
ter 1t has'run a few miles farther, near Uriconium
(before ſpoken of) it falls into the Severn. Not far
from the head of this river Rodan, ftands Wem, where
may be ſeenthe * marks of an intended caſtle. It was
the Barony of William Pantulpb about the beginning
of the Norman times : from whoſe poſterity it came
at length to the Butlers; and from them, by the
Ferrers of Ouſeley and the Barons of Grey#tock, to the
Barons Dacre of Gilleſand 7. A little diſtant from |
this, upon a woody hill, or rather rock (which was
anciently call'd Rad-cliff ) ſtood a caſtle, upon a very
ate, high ground, call'd from the reddiſh ſtone, Red-caftle,
and by the Normans Caftle-Row, heretofore the ſeat
of the Azdleys, by the bounty of Mawd the Stranger
or Le-ſtrange ; but now there is nothing to be ſeen
but decayed walls *®. Scarce a mile off, . is a
pot of ground where a ſmall city once ſtood, the
very ruins of which are almoſt extin& ; but the Ro-
man Coyns that are found- there, with ſuch bricks
as they usgd in building, are evidence of its
Antiquity and Founders. The people of the neigh-
bourhood call it Bery, from Burgh ; and they at-
_ ie to have been very famous in King Arthur's
ays '?.
Affeer that, upon the ſame river, appears Morton-
Corbet ®*, a caſtle of the Corbers ; where, within the
memory of man, Robert Corbet, to gratife the _
he had for ArchiteQure, began a noble piece of build-
ing **, for his future magnificent and more ſplendid
habitation ; but death countermanding his deſigns,
took him off, ' ſo that he left his project unfiniſh'd 27.
Urbs fita lunato wveluti mediammu in orbe,
; Colle tumet modico, duplici gon ſuperbit,
| PID atridſibi Iimngud nomen ab alnis.
Far off it's lofty walls proud Shrewsb'ry ſhows,
Which ſtately Scwern's cryſtal arms encloſe.
Here two fair bridges awe the ſubject ſtream,
And Alder-trees beltow'd the ancient name.
"Tis both naturally ſtrong, and well-fortified by art;
for Roger de Montgomery, who had it given him b
the Conquerour, built a Caſtle upon a riſing rock q
in the northern parts of this town, atter he had pull
down about 5o houſes ; whoſe ſon Robert, when he
revolted from King Hen. 1. enclos'd it with walls on
that ſide where the Severn does not defend it [k];
which were never aſſaulced, chat I know of, in any
war but that of the Barons againſt King John. When
the Normans firſt ſert'd here, *twas a well-buile city,
and well frequented ; for as it appears by Domeſday-
book *), it was tax'd 51. 16 s. to the King, yearly.
There were reckon'd 252 Citizens; 12 of whom
were bound to keep guard when the Kings of Eng-
land came hither, and as many to attend him when-
ever he hunted ; which I believe was firſt occaſion'd
by one Edrick Sucoma, a Mercian Duke, but a profli-
gate villain, who / not long before had way-lay'd
Prince Alfbelm, and ſlain him as he was hunting. Ac
which time (as appears by the ſame book) there
was'a cuſtom in this city, That what way ſoever 4
woman marry d, if a widow, ſhe ſhould pay to the King
20 ſhillings, but if a virgin, 10 ſhillings, in what manner
ſoever ſhe rook the bushand. But to return ; this Earl
Roger not only fortify'd it, but improv'd it much
by ocher uſeful buildings both publick and private
and founded a beautiful Monaſtery dedicated to
St. Peter and St. Paul, and endow'd it liberally ; as
he did likewiſe * St. Gregory's Church, upon theſe condi-
tions, (fo a private hiſtory of this Monaſtery ex-
eo
—
» Written alſo\according to the vari
bank upon which it ſtood. fs The tirle of this Barony was given by K.
deſcended
r An. Chrifti 1908. Flor. Wigorn. #* There are not now t
the Church-yard of it being yer their common place of
'6 Sir Ralph. _ "7 But above Tong was Lilleſhul- 46
to the houſe of De la Z-vuch. But ſeeing there us little left bu
preſent they make none, ſome {mall rokens of it oply remaining.
glory. 30 Anciently an houſe of
*3 And in later ages, this famil
14 Knights of great worſhip, deſcended fFom the Barons
the family of Turet.
fon,
time, it paid Gelt accrding to an hundred Hides.
of Copies, Uſeccoma, and Uxacons. Burton's ltinerar.
to his ſon. to whom the manour and Royalty of it do belong.
he leaſt remains of any ſuch cuſtom.
gone, unleſs it was miſtaken for Sr. Giles's, yer —_— = ſame pariſh, tho? ruinous, and which ſome a
in 4 woodland
rums, I will leave it, and proceed. | :
i9 As the common ſort aſcribe whatſoever 1 ancient
2 ny @ barren
TY, ed, receiv/d
far and fare prope nmr Grey of Cod.jor and the Lards of Mochwy.
In the Conqueronr i 8ime it
} There is
ames 2« to Sir George Jeffreys, Lord
7 In the late Coil wars being made 2 g—_
* The very marks
_— now to be ſcen, bur rhe
our of Eagland, and is tiow
it was almoſt ruin'd.
this Church are quire
was the ancient Pari ch,
family of Braumeis, whoſe helr was marry'd in-
18 Which yet make ow ſhew. Hol. Bur at
; and (trange, to King Arthur's
place -—— after On ___ by _ And the "* Caſt =__
both of revenue cat alliance by the marriage of an Hop-
7 Mo ; In King Eowd the Confeſſor's
q preſles
, founded c/ the
paid yearly ſeven pounds, KC.
M m
-
——_—_—_ ED —_—_—
CORNATIL
_— —— — ——
$67
Prebends
inheritablec.
The battel
of Shrews-
bury.
Battlefield.
Sweating-
icknets.
£5 ther | . Gt,
poor propor:
ſons ſu'd the
obl libacy , but it was cuſtomary, for
Eccleſialtical Benefices co deſcend hereditarily x0 3.
next. of blood, Bug this controverſie was ſercled in
Heary 1, reign, That heirs ſhould not jnheric Eccleſi.
aſtical Benefices: about which time m3 ere Os
obliging Clergy-mea to go” @ terwards other
Churches were here built ; and to paſs by the Co-
vents |of Dominican;, Fran altos
erected,
Wal , 4
lrers, founded by the Cher, ewes
#ds, there were wo C e Cnurcnes ” |
# Chad; with a Dar and ten Prebendaries, and St.
Mary's with a Dean and nine minor Prebends. Ar
this day, 'tis a fine City, well inhabited, of good,
Commerce ; and-'by the legally oe the Citizens,
their Cloath-manufacture , and their trade with che
Welſh, very rich ; for hither all Welſh commodities
are brought, as tothe common Mart of both Nations.
It's Inhabirancs art partly Engliſh, partly Wellh ;
they uſe both Languages ; and this muſt be mention'd
in theic praiſe, that they have ſer up : one of the
largeſt Schools in England for the education of
youth ; for which, Thomas 4ſton, the firlt Head-
School-miaſter, a man of great worth and integricy,
provided by his own induſtry a competent Salary 1}.
*6 At this city, when Henry Percy the younger 'Te-
belld againſt Henry the fourth, and was relojutely
bent to attack its walls, which chat King had made
exceeding ſtrong; by a turn of Fortune, he was
DC and his meaſures broken in a trice ; for
the King himſelf was ſuddenly at his heels with gn ar-
my : whom the raſh youth engaging, after a long
and ſharp diſpute *7,deſpairing of ſuccels, expos'd him-
ſelf wiitully to death. The place , from this battel,
is yet call'd' Bastlefield , where the King afterwards
built a Chapel, and ſettled ewo Prieſts to pray for
the ſouls of the ſlain. This Shrew:byry is 20 degrees
and 37 minutes diſtant from the Azores, and 52
degrees, and 5 3 minutes from the Aquator.
I know not whether it is worth my while, and
not foreign to my purpoſe, to tell you, that our of
this city came the Sweating-ſickneſi, in the year
I551. which ſpread it ſelf throughout the whole
Kingdom , and was particularly fatal to middle-
age | pats ah ſuch as had it, either dy'd or re-
cover in the ſpace of 24 hours. But there was a
ſpeedy remedy found out , that thole who were ta-
ken ill in the. day time, ſhould immediately go to
bed in their cloaths, and thoſe that ſickned in the
night ſhould lye out their four and twenty hours in
bed, but were not to fleep at all. The molt eminent
Phy ficians are puzI'd about the cauſe of this diſtem-
per; there are ſome who aſcribe it to the nature of
chalky grounds in England, which yet are very rare
to be found here. They tell you, That in ſome certain
moiſt conſtitutions, the ſubtle but corrupt ſteams that eva-
porate from that ſort of ſoil, which are very piercing and_
contagious, either infeff the animal ſpirits, or the thin
frothy Serum of the blood ; but be the cauſe what it will,
"rus moſt certain, there x ſome analogy between it and the
ſmbtle parts of the blood , -which occaſions in ſo.ſmall a ſpace
as 24 hours, either the expiration of the Patient or Dyſeaſe.
But let others make their diſcoveries;for my part, have
obſerv'd it thrice in the laſt Age rife throughout the
whole kingdom of England, and I doube not but it
has been ſo before, tho' we cannot find it chronicl'd.
I obſerve it firſt in the year 1485, when Henry the
ſeventh began his reign, ſome time after a great con-
junGion of the ſuperiour Planets in Scorpio ; fe-
condly , leſs violent (tho' accompanied with the
Plague) in the 33d year after, in the year 1518,
aſter a great oppoſition of the ſame Planets jn Scor-
pio and Tawus, at which time ic was likewiſe rife
an the Low-Countries and Germery ; and laſtly,zz years
aker that, in the year 15572, after another conundi-
on of the ſame Planets 3n Scorpio had . exerted its
alignant influences. Bur en has been ſaid of
the this, 971A be lictle denn; jt # ſuch as bave
no appetite to this ſort of _ imenta] learning,
Nexr this; city the river Severs has a great - 2
ially at Roſſal , where it ferches
a..compals that it almoſt recurns. into xt {elf
Hereabouts. are. thoſe old-faſhion'd boats, .call'd in
Latin Razeq, i. £. Flores, made of rough timber planks, Fa
joyn'd_ together with light ribs of waod, which
with the, ſtream convey . burthens. The uſe and
name of them.was originally brought by. che Englih
rom the Rhine jn Germany, where they bear the
izme name of Flores [mJ], Near the riyer ſtands
Shrawerden, a caſtle formerly of the-Earls of Arwnde/, Sin
but afterwards belong'd. to. the moſt honourable 4%".
'y Thomas Brow who was ſometime ſince Chan-
cellaur of Eng d: and Knocking , built by the Knod
Lords L'eftrange ,, from whom ic came by imheri.
tance to the. Stanleys Earls of Derby. And not far
off is Nefſe , over which there hangeth a crag. Ne
gy rock, with a cave in it of ſome note ; thisplace,
rogether with Cheſwerden , King Henry the ſecond
gave to John Letrange, trom whom are deſcended Bin
the moſt nable families of the L'errayge:of Knocking, :5 i
Avindelegh, Elleſmer, Blakmere,. Luthebam, and Hun-
ſtanton in Norfolk. Buc from thoſe of Knocking (by
the death gf. the laſt of them without iſſue male) the
| inheritance deſcended by Far, a fole daughter and
the wife of Gearge Stanley, to the Earls of Derby.
Ac a greater diſtance from the river, towards the we-
ſtern s of this County, lies Ofwefre or Oſwald- Oi
ſtre,in Welſh Croix Oſwalde,a little town enclos'd with
a wall and a ditch, and fortified wich a ſmall caſtle.
'Tis a place of good traffick , for Welſh-Cottons eſpe. Well
cially,which are of a very fine;thin, or (if you will ) *
i light cexture; of which great quantities ace weekly * [-"
vended here, It derives its name from Ofwald King ©: x.
of the Northumbrians ( but more anciently 'twas
call'd Meſerfield) whom Penda the Pagan Prince of M*i
the Mercians (after he had ſlain him in a hot engage-
ment) tore limb from limb with inhuman barbarity ;
which gave occaſion to thoſe yerſes of a Chriſtian
Poet of fome antiquity :
windings, buz.c
Cujus & abſciſſum caput, abſciſſoſque lacertos,
Er tribus affixas pals pendere cruent ns
Penda yuber ; per quod reliquss exempla relinquat
Terrors manifeſta ſui, regemque beatum
Eſſe probet miſerum : ſed cauſam fallit utramaue.
Ultor enum fratrs minime timet Oſwaes illum,
Imd timere facit, nec Rex wiſer] imp beatw
Eſt, qui fonte boni fruitur ſemel, & ſine fine.
Whoſe head all black with gore and mangled hands,
Were fix'd on ſtakes at Pezda's curſt commands,
To ſtand a fad example to the reſt,
And prove him wretched who is ever bleſt.
Vain hopes were both ! for Ofwy's happier care
Stop'd the proud Victor, and renew'd the war.
Nor him mankind will ever wretched own,
Who wears a peaceful andeternal crown.
642
Oſwald
ll2a
Ie ſcems to have been firſt bujle upon a ſuperſtitious Seb
conceit ; for the Chriſtians of that age looke upon |..;
it as holy : and Bede has told us, that famous mira-
cles were wrought in the place where Oſwald was
killd. It was built by Madoc the brother of AMereduc
(according to Carodocus Lancabernenſis ) and the Fitz-
Alanes (Normans) who afterwards were Lords of it,
and Earls of Arundel, incloſed it with a wall [nj
' 4 ot 4 link 1
Ic is obſervable, that the Ecliples of the Sun in Aries, £57
———
— — _— — >> —_—_—_— m— " _ AA A
—— —— —— -
» Beſides theſe there are two other Pariſh-Churches within the walls, St. Alkman's and St. Fulian's.
ground of ſeveral miles in compals, tor that reaſon cali'd- The 1/7.
5 A School whercin were more Scholars in number, when I firſt ſaw it, than any School in England.
ry 4. with a pu pol; to advance Edmund Mortimer Earl of March to the Crown,
econd bad alſg dec
in the Scotiſh-men which falaw'd him. jbew'd much manly yalowr
to note, that when divers of the Nobility conſpir'd againft Kin
as the undoubtful ard right hoir, whole father King Richard t
addreſſed himſelf to give the aſſault ro S,rewrbury, &e. *?
of Worceſter þ:s 1ncle, and the karl of Dunbar were raken) be defſpairing, &C.
EXPCrience. % £ir Thomas.
T
* It well-nigh encloſes a large plot of
6 I; ſhall not now, I hope, be impertinew
Hor-Spur, #1
(when the Ear:
*5 Such as #firiluts nothing at all to celeſtial influence ard earns
rd beir-apparent, and Sir Fienry Percy call'd
have
—
$GO
— — I— --——
5 SHROPSHIRE
nn en
642
Ofwal
llaa
Gee in N
humba”
and
clips #
\r1es,
4% confum'd. Below this , * Northweſt , there is a hill
1 of Warren, Whoſe {trange and various fortune in war,
L
nn ts
”-
have been very fatal to this place; for in the years
1542, and 567 when the Sun was eclipſed in that
Planet, it ſuffer d very much by fire ; but after the
laſt Eclipſe of the two, a hire rag'd fo furiouſly here,
that about 200 houſes in the City and Suburbs were
entrench'd with a triple dicch , call'd Hen-dinas, that
is, the ancient Palace. The Inhabitants thereabouts
think it to bs the ruins of a Ciry, but others judge
it to have been the Camp of either Pends, or Of:
_ wald| oO). Scarce three miles off ſtands Whittington,
' not long ſince a caſtle of the Firz-Warrens, who de-
rive their pedigree from ® Warren de Metz, a Lo-
rainer: he took to wiſe the heireſs of William
Peverel, who is faid to have built it , and had ifſue
by her Fulk, the father of the renown'd *' Fulk Fitz-
*z- was very much admir'd by our Anceſtors *. In
Henry the third's reign, there was a Commiſſion to
Fulk Fitz,-Warren to fortifie the «aſt le of C—_—_ ſufe
ficiently, as appears by the Cloſe-rolls-in the titth year
-.. of that King's reign. The Barony of theſe Firz.-
wa Warrens Cxpir'd in a female , having in the laſt age
paſsd from the Hancfords to the Bourchiers, now Earls
of Bath. Below this caſtle, Wrenoc the fon of Meu-
ric, held certain lands by the ſervice of being Latimer be-
eween the Engliſh and Welſh, that is, an Interpreter.
This I have remark'd from an old Inquiſition, be the
i better underſtanding of the word Latimer , which
=7 few are acquainted with, tho' it is a name very fa-
mous in this kingdom. Upon the Northern bounds
of chis Shire, firſt ſtands Shenton, a ſeat of the Need-
call'd Blackmere, from a Lake of blackiſh water, is
now almoſt quite ruin'd, This tamily was much en-
nobled, andt heir eſtates encreas'd, by intermarriage
with a daughter and coheir of John Gif ard of Brims-
field, of an honourable and ancient Family in Gio-
ceſterſhire, whoſe wife Mawd was the only daughter
of Walter Clifford the third.
More 35 to the Eaſt lies Ele/mer, a ſmall tract of Ellcinw.
rich and fertile ground, which ( according to the - 1295-
Cheſter-Chronicle ) together with the ſmall caſtle,
King John ſettled upon Lewelin Prince of North-
Wales, when he made up the march berween
him and 3 his natural daughter. Afterwards ** it
came to the L'eftranges, or the Extranei ; but at
preſent it has its Baron % Thomas Egerton, who for
his ſingular wiſdom and integrity, was by Queen
Elizabeth made Lord Keeper , and afterwards by
King James advanc'd to the higheſt dignity of the
Long-robe, by being made Lord Chancellour, and
created Baron of Elleſmer *. -qonrmotens
Now to fay ſomewhat briefly of the Earls of mp”
Shrewsbury : Roger de Beleſm or Montgomery,was crea- $2"
ted by William the Conquerour firſt Earl of Shrews- TY
bury ; who alſo had the greateſt ſhare of Lands given
him in this kingdom of any of his Souldiers. His
eldeſt ſon Hugh immediately ſucceeded him, but was
afterwards ſlain in Wales,leaving no iſſue behind him.
Next was Robert, another of his ſons, a man barba-
rouſly cruel both towards his own ſons, and his ho-
ſtages, whoſe eyes he pull'd out, and then gelded,
with his own hands. But at laſt being atcainted of
hams 3, a famous family ? ; and next,}hite-church, or
the whit: Monaſtery, famous for ſome monuments
of the Talbots, but more particularly for that of our |
Engliſh Achilles %* Fobn Talbor,the firſt Earl of Shrewſ- | Qu
bury of this family. whoſe Epitaph I here inſert, not |
that it comes up to the character of ſuch an Hero, but
only for a Specimen, how the ſtile of every age va-
ries in framing their monumental Inſcriptions.
ORATE PRO ANIMA PRANOBILIS
DOMINI, D O MINI IOANNIS TALBOTT
QVONDAM COMITIS SALOPIE, DOMINI
TALBOTT, DOMINI FVRNIVALL, DOMINI
VERDON, DOMINI STRANGE DE BLACK.
MERE, ET MARESCHALLI FRANCLIE, QVI
OBIIT IN BELLO APVD BVRDEWS VII
IVLIL MCCCCLUL
That is,
Pray for the ſoul of the right honourable Lord, Lord
Fobn Talbott , ſometime Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord Talbott,
Lord Furnivall, Lord Verdon , Lord Strange of Black-
mere, and Marſhal of France , who died in battel, at
Burdews, VII. of Fuly, MCCCCLIIL
Theſe Talbotts many years ago had the Inheritance
«le. of the Barons L'eftrange of Blackmere % ( who were
ine! fometimes call'd Extranei, that is, Foreigners ) in
_ Treaſon, he was puniſh'd by King _ the
firſt with perpetual impriſonmenc , where his ſuffer-
ings were anſ{werable to the heinouſnels of his crimes.
* The revenues of the Earldom were transferr'd to
een Adelizia for her dower. Many ages after,
King Henry the ſixth, in the ewentieth year of his
reign, conferr'd this honour upon John Lord Talbor,
who by a natural genius,as well as choice of profeſſion,
ſeems to have been deſtin'd for military atchieve-
ments. And in the 24th year of his reign , he en-
creag'd his honours, by adding to his ticle of Earl of
Shrewsbury and Wewford, that of Earl of Waterford, the
Barony of Dongarven , and Lieutenancy of Ireland.
He was afterwards ſlain in a battel at ChaſtiHon # in
Aquitain, with his younger ſon #4 John, Viſcount
L'iſle, after he had ſcatter'd the Trophies of Victory
over the beſt part of France for four and ewenty years
cogether. His ſon Fobn ſucceeded him ( whoſe mo-
ther was a daughter and coheir of + Thomas Newi/
Lord Furnivall) but eſpouſing the intereſt of che
houſe of Lancaſter,he loſt his life in the battel at Nor-
thampton. From him # deſcended John the third
Earl of Shrewsbury, and + Gilbert, from whom the
Talbots of Grafton are deſcended. v' Next ſucceeded
George, and after him Francs his fon, the father of
George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury, a States-man of
untainted honour, and approv'd experience in the
weighty affairs of Government ; whoſe fon Gzber:
at Seikin not only ſupplies his Anceſtors room, but
ſupports the character too with great grandeur, and
right of their wives. For they were Lords Marchers
in this County ; and their ſeat in this neighbourhood
' his own perſonal merits.
—
I
beth. He wag
' LEE 4 . ; Eliza
; Of this fumily was Sir Robert Needbaws Ke. who had confderable Commands curing tbe var te en nn Kilmerey: ro him ſucceeded Tho-
frerwards Vi in the Marches of Walcs, and created by King Charles
s ds Vice-Frelideat of the Council in tated ee by Shore Vikeont Ziknorg bis fon
mas his ſon, who built a noble houſe in this
made Viſcount Brackley. #« Malmesb. Hift. Novell. f. 99.
3 Sir Guarin. 3* Sir Fulk Fitz #arvren.
- y4 Joh. rhe,
the jecond, and in a ſhot time their houſe was far
Whir , and alſo byone of the heirs of
Clifford. 35 Weſtward 3 Joan his baſe-daughter.
Bourdeaux. #4 Sir fohn Talbot 42 Sir Thomas.
* This third John had by his wife Katharine,daughter to H
valiantly and confes at the battel of Sroke. And he by Anne bis wife,
er to
3s Int
43 By a
3? Ya one rnbary fo roy we: L_
Who firnam'd Le Strange commonly, Extranci in Latin Records, for that t
- poke = #ted. Thoſeeof Blackmere were much exricht by an heir of her
Giffard of Brim:field, of ancient Nobility in Gloceſterſhire, by the only daughter of
n time L 3 Sir Thomas.
hter of We
—_—_— ge 8he ſears. ' had Francis the ffth Earl, who beg at
Lord Dacre of Gilles-land, G:orge the ſixth Earl, «man
x Bztore be dj7'd he was
| 33 Blackmere, an ancient family of the Lords Li citrange.
brought hither by King Henr
er W. de Albo Monatterio & rh
+2 Upon Dordan near
&ir Gilbert Talbor, Captain of Calaw.
44 $77 Gli p wy ſ fi
the Fort the third.
who ſervd King
Wi Haſti i
een ae en Teas
his dey, &-
4 . ”
by & who Gertrude, daughter to Thomas Earl of Rutland, the ſeventh Earl, maintaineth as !
There are in this Shire about 170 Pariſhes.
ADDITIONS
CORN
#F4T.
* Ruller's
Worth.
Chiibury.
+ Chr. Sax.
| Aubrey's
Monument a
Er:tan.
vol. So
. Brandon.
Caer Cara-
* Dugd.Vi-
fitation of
Shropſh.
Tonglcy.
Biſhops-
mote.
Clay- hill.
Bridgnorth.
ADDITIONS to SHROPSHIRE.
Hropſbire being the Frontier between England
and Wales, has had more Caſtles in it than
any other County in England. Infomuch
that a * late Author ſays, it may ſeem on the
weſt to be divided from Wales with a wall of con-
tinu'd caſtles ; and Speed tells us, that beſide ſeveral
towns [trongly walld, upon this occaſion, 32 Caſtles
have been built in it.
a] Of the more ancient Caſtles, there ſeems to
have been one at Chirbury, near the Severn : for
eEthelfled, Lady of the Mercians, is | faid to have
built one at Cypcbymg. Now as to the affinity be-
eween the old and new names, if we add the Nor-
man [ 5] after C, the change is very eaſie and natu-
ral ; and for the condition of the place, nothing can
anſwer more exactly ; for where ſhould ſhe more
Py build it than here, when her main deſign
was to ſecure her kingdom againſt the incurſions uf
the Welth ?
[bþ] From hence, toward the ſouth-eaſt, was fought
that famous battel mention'd by our Author, between
Ofterius and Caratacuws. And as the Action was great
and eminent, || ſo are the remains ot it to this day
very conſiderable.
Near Lanterden, about the mecting of the rivers
Teme and Clun, are two barrows, in which were
found burnt bones and an uin. And a little way
ealt of Teme, at Brandon, is a ſingle ſquare work with
four ports, very commodioully ſituated, as having
near it the river to ſerve them with water ; a thing
the Romans were always careful to ſecure, if polible.
And theſe are the reliques of the Rowan:.
As for the Britain: ; there is a Camp of theirs about
half a mile from Brandon, at a place call'd Coxoll
near Brampton- Bryan-Caſtle : it is now cover'd with
great oaks. From hence they ſeem to have been
beaten :; and about three miles towards the north, is
that large Britiſh Camp, Caer-Carsdock. The trench-
es are very deep, and yet it is hard rock. The
Rampires are wall'd, but the wall is now cover'd
with earth, which if one remove a little, the ſtones
appear. * It is now vulgarly calld the Gair, and fi-
euate upon the eaſt-point of a very ſteep hill, having
no acceſs to it, but from a plain on the welt part
thereof. It is three times as ws as 'tis broad, ha-
clin'd to place it at Cambridge in Gloceſterſhire. For
I. "tis {aid expreſly to be upon the Severn, whereas
Cambridge is two miles diſtant ; and beſide , chat
was probably buile to guard the paſſage over the Se-
vern. 2. The Canterbury-copy reads it exprefly Bpucze,
as the Chronicle calls Bridgenorth, which is at this
day commonly nam'd Brigge. And 3. As to thz
former part of the word, there is a town about a
mile diſtant call'd Quarford, and another at rwo miles
diſtance calld Quar ; fo that one may realonably im.
gine Cparbnicge ſhould nor be far off.
The foreſt Morfe mention'd by our Author, is
now a waſte, with ſcarce a tree upon it ; and the
Walls and Caſtle he ſpeaks of, quite rwinated,
Northward from hence is Evelyn, from which place,
the family of that name came into Swrey, loinc ages
ſince, along with the Onſflows and Hatrons 5 whiere
theſe three ſeated themſe)ves ncar one another, and
have remain'd a long time.
[e} Upon the edge of Staffordſhire, is the Well of
ſeven years of age. But Quendred his ſiſter practiling Wc
with che young King's guardians, made him away.
our Author obſerves ) for a Parliament there,
Houſe of Commons fat in a barn then belonging to
the Abbot of the Monaſtery of S. Peter and S. Paul,
which 1s till ſtanding, and belongs to Francis
Prynce Elq.
of che Ancients ; the circumference of which city-
wall was about 3 miles, built upon a foundation for
the- moſt part made of pebble-ſtones ; about 3 yards
thick, and a vaſt trench round it, which in ſome
places appears exceeding deep to this day. Our Au-
thor reters the decay of it to the Danilh wars : and
that it was burnt is indubitable; for the way the
fire went is ſtill diſcoverable by the blackneſs and
rankneſs of the foil. But if we ſay this was done by
the Danes, we ſeem to injure che Antiquity of
Shrewsbury, which roſe out of the ruins of ic. One
of thoſe things which argue the Antiquity of the
place, intimates it to be ot a much more early date.
The Coyns (I mean) diſcover there ; ſome where-
of are ot gold, tho' but rarely found ; ſome of ſtone,
ving its entrance to the welt fenc'd with a high tre- '
red, green, blue, &c. others of ſilver, very com-
S. Kenelm, to whom the Kingdom of Mercia tl! at,,.
| f ] More to the welt is A#on-Burnell, famous ( as = ”
The ©
[8] Next, the Severn Carries us to the Uriconium Uri
north; a name (as Leland has obferv'd) bur of late
ble rampire. There is alſo a narrow paſſage out of | manly met with ; and the relt of braſs, copper, and
it towards the eaſt, upon the very pitch ot the hill. | mix'd metals. 'They are calld by the inhybitants
The north-ſide of it is fortify'd with a deep and dou- | Dyzders, and are ſo worn and decay'd, that here is
ble trench ; but on the ſouth-fide ir hath but a ſingle | not one in ten found, the Inſcription whereof is per- '
trench, becauſe the ſteepnels of that ſide of the hill | fetly legible, or the Image: diſtinguiſhable, Now
is of it feli a very good detence. ' amongſt all theſe (as I have the account from a per-
On the ſouth-point of a high hill (a mile north of ſon who has been an eye-witnefs ) there is not one
Clun) call'd Tongley, is a large fortification, ſomewhat but what is Roman; from whence we may infer, thac
larger than Caer Caradect ; it is made. circular, and | the deſtruction of this city was before the coming over
detended with 3 deep trenches drawn round it. | of the Saxons, or at lateft, in their wars with the
And a mile from Biſhops-caſtle towards Aemgomery, | Britains ; for if it had continu'd till the Daniſh times,
is a place call'd the Biſhops-mote, where is a very van ; there would certainly have been ſome of the Saxon
and high hill, like the Keep of a Caſtle at the weſt | Coyns mixt amongſt the Roman. And the Saxon
end; and towards the ealt, near an acre of ground | name Wpekencearren ( from whence the preſent
ſurrounded with an entrenchment. Theſe are all the | Wroxerer flows) perhaps may imply that ir was, when
marks we have left of this memorable engagement. | they came, ppzced, that 1s, wrack'd and deſtroy'd ;
[c] Keeping along the fouth-coafſt of the County, |-unkeſs we ſay that this name is moulded out of the
we come to Clay-bill, where are (till the remains of | old Uriconium.
an ancient Camp. Bute whenever it was demolifh'd, it has certainly
[d} From whence, the Severn leads us to Bridge- | been a place of great note and Antiquity : for upon
ſearching into their places of burial, there have becn
uſe, it being call'd in all ancient Records, Br:dze. | recth taken out of the jaw-bones of men near 3 inch-
But the moſt ancient name. is that given. it by the | es long, and 3 inches about ; and thigh-bones bave
Saxon Annals, Bnicze ; from which, by ſome of our | been lately found by the inhabitants of a full yard in
later Hiſtorians it is term'd Brugge and. Bruggenorth, | length. Their way of burying the dead bodies here
that addition being made upon the building of ſome | (when they did nor burn the corps and put the aſhes
bridge over the Severn, ſouth of this. So that our | in urns) has been obſervd to be this. Firſt they
Author (Ithink ) is miſtaken, when he ſays, ic was | made a deep wide grave, in the bottom whereof chey
formerly call'd ſimply Burgh, implying thereby ſome | fix'd a bed of very red clay, and upon thacr laid the
fortification. Thar Caſtle buile by the Danes An. | body. With the ſame fort of clay they cover'd it,
896. calld in Saxon Cparbpucgze, ſeems to be the ve- fencing the clay with a ſort of thin flats againſt the
ry fame; tho' our Author and Mr. Somner are in- earth or mould, which o;herwiſe would have been
| apt
”
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| XII AMnuils of Time
— —
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CHESHIRE
apt to break through it to the dead body. Laſt-
ly, they filld the grave, and coverd it with great
ſtones, ſometimes 5 or 6 upon a grave, which are
now ſhrunk into the earth. Some part of the bones
thus interr'd, that have hapned to lay dry in the duſt
or clay, remain pretty found to this day.
As to the urns, there have ſeveral of them been
found whole in the memory of man, when they
have had occaſion to dig 3 or 4 deep in their
ſandy land. For as the dead corps here bury'd are
in red clay, fo are their urns lodg'd in a red ſand.
(h] Our Author obſerves that Watling freee went
over a bridge a little way from the City. And 'tis
crue, there 15 yet diſcernable in the bottom of the
Severn, at low-water, the foundation of a ſtone.
work ; which is probably enough the remains of a
bridge. But certainly, the road went through the
midit of the City, and fo through the ford now
call'd Wroxeter-ford, as is yet plainly to be diſcoverd
by the old Srraie-way pointing exactly upon it on
each ſide of the river.
' 1 ] At ſome diſtance from hence is Sbrewsbury,
the Caftle whereof our Author obſerves to be built
upon a rock ; and at the bottom of it's foundation it
miy be fo, but the bank appears outwardly to be no-
thing but a foft mould, for the moſt part ſandy.
[k} And he farther takes notice, that in Hen. 1.'s
time, that part was wal'd which was not fecur'd by
the river, Now it is wall'd quite round, though
not very ſtrongly ; and where the river does not
fence it ( 5. e. on the neck of the Peninſula ) is the
Caltle built.
[1] The School that is now there, is a fair ſtately
ſtone building, ereted and endow'd by Qu. Eliz.
having one Maſter and three Under-Maſters, with a
very good Library. The Buildings and Library are
not inferiour to many Colleges in the Univerlities :
belides which there are very good houſes for the
Schoolmaſters belonging to it. At abour 4 or 5 miles
diſtance, at a place call'd Grſb:#, there 15 another
School-houſe built of the fame white ſtone; whither
the Maſters and Scholars may repair, in caſe any
contagious diſtemper, or other cauſe, ſhould render
it unſafe for them to ſtay in the town.
[m] About Roſſal, not far from this place, our Au-
thor mentions the Flotes : but theſe are ſeldom feen
of late. Here is much us'd by the fiſhermen a ſmall
thing call'd a Coracle, in which one man being ſeat-
ed, will row himſelf with incredible fwiftneſs wich
one hand, whilſt with the other he manages his net,
angle, or other fiſhing-tackle. It is of a form almoſt
oval, made of ſplit Sally-twigs interwoven, ( round
— —
554
| at the bottom, ) and on that part next the water co-
ver'd with a horſe-hide. Ir is about 5 foot in length,
and 3 in breadth z and is fo light, that coming oft the
| water, they take them upon their backs, and carry
them home.
[n] Upon the eaſtern border of this County is
Steeple : bur ir ſtands without the new gate; ſo that
no Church is within the town. It was ſometime a
Monaſtery call'd the White minſfter, and was after-
wards turn'd to a Pariſh-Church.,
ven acres; and the tradition is, that this place was
the laſt rerreat of the Britains.
Continuation of the EARLS.
Gilbert dying without iſſue-male, was ſucceeded in
this honour by Edward his brother ; but he too dy'd
without iſſue ſurviving : and the chief branch of this
noble family being thus extin&, George Talbot of Graf-
ton in Worceſterſhire, lineal heir to Sir Gilbert Talbot,
ſecond ſon to the famous Jobn, ſucceeded ; who dy-
ing alfo without iſſue, his Nephew Fobn Talbot ſuc-
ceeded Earl of Shrewsbury; he dying, left Francs
his eldeſt ſon Earl of Shrewsbury, father to this pre-
ſent Charles, who is lately created Duke of Shrewſ-
bury, and Marqueſs of Alton.
More rare Plants growing wild in Shropſhire,
Gramen juncoides lanatum alterum Park. Juncus
Alpinus capitulo lanuginolo, five Schaenolaguros C. B.
Hares-tail-Ruſh. On Elleſmcer meers in great abundance.
Thu u the [ame with the Gramen junceum montanum
ſubcarulea ſpica Cambrobricannicum of Parkinſon,
who makes two Plants of one : it # alſo the Gramen
plumoſum elegans Phyr. Brit.
Perficaria filiquola Ger. Codded Arſmart, or Touch-
me-not. On the banks of the river Kemlett at Marington
in the Pariſh of Cherbury : alſo at Guerndee in the Pariſh
of Cherffock , half a mile from the os pray river, among
great Alder-trees in the high-way. . P. 446.
Roſmarinum fylveſtre minus noltras improprid
dium cum Ciſtiledon di&i potius ſpecies fir, {-
dam ad Ericas referunt. At Birch in the moors of Elleſ-
meer plentifully. It grows in all the Countries near, Viz.
Cheſhere, Lancaſhire, &C. in moſſes and boggy places.
3679 . BY <0:
H E fifth and laſt part of theſe Coun-
ties formerly poſſeſſed by the Corna-
vii, is the County of Cheſter, in Sa-
xon Cepepe-rcype, now commonly
Cheſhire and the County Palatine of
. Cheſter ; for the Earls of it had a cer-
tain Palatine Juriſdiction belonging to them, and all
the inhabitants held of them as in chief, and were
under a ſoveraign allegiance and fealty to them, as
they to the King. As for the word Palatine (that I
may repeat what I have ſaid already of it) it was
common to all, formerly, that had any office in the
- King's Court or' Palace; 'and'in that age Comes Pals-
bd. tinus was a title of dignity ' conferr'd _ him who
> had before been Palatinw, with an authority to hear
and determine cauſes in his own territory ; and
a well the Nobles, whom they call'd Barons, as the
Veſſals, were bound to frequent the Palace of the
Bid Count, both to give their advice and atten-
dance, and alſo to grace his Court with their pre-
| knce [a}.
FF-1 "+ -h.
Thi country, Malmesbury fays, yields corn very p44
ringly, eſpecially wheat, but cattel and fiſh in abundance.
On the contrary, Ranulph of Chetter affirms, chat
Whatever Malmetbuty' might fancy from the report of
others, yet it affords great [fore of all: ſorts of vittuals,
and' of the beſt Salmon : it drroes # ch
Country'has a peculiar good quality, fo that they
make great ſtore of Cheeſe, more
Kingdom, even when they procure the lame Dary-
womety to make them. And therefore, by the by,
I cannot bue wonder at what Strabo writes, that
ſome of the Britains in his time knew not how to
corn, fleſb,
iderabte trade, not only by importing but by return, as
_ within 5s ; ſaltpus, mines, and metals.
Give me teare to-add farther, that the grafs of this
Ofweftre, where (as + Leland has lefe it) is S. Oſwald's O'wettre.
Church, a very fair-leaded building, with a tower'd ' 05:
[0] About a mile fr Om Oſweſtre is Caerbendmas, Cacrhendi-
|| a hill every way riſing, the torm whereof is an ob- | Aubrey's
long ſquare, encompaſsd with three great works, one Mmuments
higher than another. The ſpace within, is about ſe- 57/79n.Ms.
le and bet- The beſt
ter retiſh'd than thoſe of any other parts of the C*<<{<-
0. hoes i . «
Ke _ _— -
* p- yEnc” © _
A OE P—_— IS A ,
Peer oy HY ITS FORO 643, mrs RAE, gg OE "= NY OE PING _—
555
COR NADV1I.
a nn, OOO
whence it may be inferr'd that * the art of making
Cheeſe was taught us by the Romans. Altho' this
Country is infcriour to many others of this Kingdom
in fruicfulneſfs, yer it always produc'd more Gentry
than any of them. There was no part of England
that formerly ſupply'd the King's army with more
Nobility , or that could number more Knights-
families. On the South-ſide it is bounded with
Shropſhire, on the Eaſt-fide with Staffordſhire
and Derbyſhire, on the North with Lancaſhire,
and on the Weſt with Denbigh and Flint ſhires.
Toward the North-weſt it ſhoots out into a confide-
rable Cherſonele, where the Sea inſinuating it
ſelf on both ſides, makes rewo Creeks, which receive
all the rivers of this County. Into that Creek more to
the Welt runs the river Dev { or Nee] which divides
this County from Denbighſhire. Into that more to
the Eaſt , the Hever, which goes through the middle
of the County, and the _— , Which fevers it from
Lancaſhire, diſcharge them 4M And in deſcribing
this County, I know no better method, than to fol-
Wirrall.
low the courle of thele rivers. For all the places of |
greateſt note are ſituate on the ſides of them. But
before I enter upon particulars, I will firſt prone
what Lucian the Monk has faid in general of it, leſt
I ſhould be accus'd hereafter for omitting any thing
that might conduce to the commendation of the In-
habitants ; beſides, chat Author is now ſcarce, and
as old almoſt as the Conqueſt : But if any man be de-
rear ag .'"E roms either fully, or as near as may be, to treat of the
commen- manners of the Inhabitants, with reſpett to them that live
cation ut in other places of the kingdom ; they are found to be partly
: different from the reſt, partly better, and in ſome —_
but equal. But they ſeem eſpecially ( which # wery conſide-
rable m points of civility and breeding ) to feaſt in com-
mon, are cheerful at meals, liberal in entertainments,baſty,
but ſoon pacified, talkative, averſe to ſlavery, merciful to
rboſe in diftreſi, compaſſionate to the poor, kind to relati-
ons, not wyery induſtrious , plain open, moderate in
eating, far from deſigning, bold and forward m borrowing,
abounding in woods and paſtures , and rich in cattel. They
border on one ſide upon the Welfh, and have ſuch a tin&&ure
their manners and cuftoms by intercourſe, that they are
nor much unlike them. *Tw alſo to be obſery/d, That as
the County of Cheſter « ſhut in , and ſeparated from the
reſt of England by the Wood Limeyſo 1: it diſt inguiſh'd from
all other parts of England by ſome peculiar immunities :
by the grants of the Kings,and the Excellencies of the Earls,
they bawve been wont im Aſſemblies of the people to at-
tend the Prince's ſword rather than the King's crown, and
to try cauſes of the greateſt conſequence within themſelves
with full authority and licence. Che#eer it ſelf is frequent-
ed by the Iriſh, is neighbour to the Welſh, and plentifully
ſerv d with proviſions by the Engliſh : 'tis curiouſly ſituated,
having gates * of an ancient model. It bas been exercis'd
with many difficulties, fortified and adorn'd with a river
and a fine proſpett, worthy (according to the name) to be
call d a City, ſecured and guarded with continual watch-
ings of holy men, and by the mercy of our Saviour ever
preſer wed by the ard of the Almighty.
The river Dee, calld in Latin Deva, in Britiſh Dyf-
fr dwy, that is, the water of the Dwy, abounds with
Ssl/men, and iprings from two fountains in Wales,
_ which _ rare ic us its denomination.
or Dwy ſignifies ewo in their a Burt others
from the nature alſo and mncning of Bs word, will
have ir fignifie black water ; others again God's water ,
__ and D;vime water. Now altho* a fountain ſacred to
"a the Gods is call'd Divons in the old Gallick tongue
(which Awſonixs obſerves to have been the ſame wich
aur Britiſh,) and alcho* all rivers were Awwnilds, by
Antiquity cſteem'd: Divine, and our Britains too paid
them divine honours, as Gildas informs us; yet I
cannot fee why they ſhouid attribute divinity to this
river Dwy in particular, above all others. We read
that the Theſlalians gave divine honours to the river
Pznews upon the account of its pleaſantneſs ; the Scy-
® Politione
antique.
The river
Pee
Rivers {a-
cred.
neſs ; and the Germans to the Rhine, becauſe it was
their judge in caſes of ſuſpicion and jealouſic between
married perſons : but I fee no reaſon, ( as I faid be.
fore) why they ſhould aſcribe Divinity to this river ;
unleſs perhaps it has ſomerimes chang its courſe,
and might preſage victory to the Inhabitants when
they were at war with one another, as it inclind
more to this or that ſide, when it left ics chanel ; for
this is related by Giraldus Cambrenſis, who in fome
meaſure believ'd ic. Or perhaps they obſerv'd, that
contrary to the manner of other rivers, it did noe
overflow with a fall of rain, but yet would ſwell {6
extraordinarily when the South-wind bore upon ir,
that it would overfloat its banks and the tields abour
them. Again, it may be, the water here {cem'd ho.
ly to the Chriſtian Britains; for 'tis ſaid, that when
they ſtood drawn up ready to engage the Saxons,
they firſt kifs'd the earth, and devoutly drank of this
river, in memory of the blood of their holy Saviour,
The Dee (the courſe whereof from Wales is ſtrong
and rapid) has no ſooner enter'd Cheſhire, but it's
force abates, and it runs through Benium more pent- ,...
ly, which in ſome copies of Antoninus is ſpelt Bo.
vium ; an eminent city in thoſe times, and after-
wards a famous Monaſtery. From the Choir or
Quire, it was call'd by the Britains Boncher and Ray.
place, among many very good men, is faid to have
produc'd that greateſt and worſt of hereticks Pelagius,
who perverting the nature of God's grace, fo long
infeſted the Weltern Church with his pernicious Do-
&rine. Hence in Proſper Aquitanus he is cali'd Cc/x-
ber Brit annus.
Peſt ifero vomuit Coluber ſermone Britannus.
The Britiſh Adder vented trom his poys'nous tongue.
Which I mention for no other reaſon, than that it is
the intereſt of all mankind to have norice of ſuch in-
tetions. In the Monaſtery ( Bede lays ) there were [o
many Monks,that when they were divided into ſeven parts,
having each their diſtin ruler appointed them, every one
of theſe particular Socteties conſiſted of three hundred men
thians attributed the ſame to the er for its large-
YR
at leaſt, who all lirvd by the labour of their own
hands. * Edilfred King of the Northumbrians flew
twelve hundred of them, for praying for the Bricains
their fellow Chiiſtians, againſt che Saxon-Infidels. And
here, to digreſs a little upon the mention of theſe
Monks ; the original of a Monaſtick life in the world ,,
proceeded from the rigorous and o_y perſecutions li
of the Chriſtian religion ; to avoid which, good
men withdrew themſelves, and retir'd into the De-
ſerts of Egypt, to the end they might ſately and free-
ly exerciſe their profeflion; and not with a de-
hgn to involve themſelves in miſery rather than be Rutis
made miſerable by others, as the Heathens pretended. ;.*
There they diſperſed themſelves among the moun-
tains and woods, living firſt ſolitarily in Caves and
Cells, from whence they were call'd by the Greeks
Monachi : afterwards they began, as nature it lelf
prompted them, to live ſociably together, linding
that more agreeable, and better than like wild beaſts
to ſculk up and down in Deſerts. Then their whole
buſineſs wasto pray, and to ſupply their own wants
with their own labour, giving the over-plus to the
r, and tying themſelves by Vows to Poverty, O-
ience, and Chaſtity. Athanaſius firſt introduced
this Monaſtick way of living inthe Weſtern Church.
Whereunto S. Auſtin in Africk, S. Martin in France,
and Congell (as 'tis ſaid) in Britain and Ireland, very
much contribuced by fettling it among the Clergy.
Upon which,it is incredible how they grew and ſpread
abroad in the world, how many great Religious
houſes were prepared to entertain them, which from
their way of living in common were call'd Cznob14 ;
as they were alſo call'd Monaſteries, becauic wy itil
retain'd a ſhew of a ſolitary life: and there was no-
thing eſteem'd in thoſe times fo ſtrictly religious.
———
- 4 If it be the beſt way of judging
at our Author {cems to be confum” -
C aſcxcs, Bur the ſame may be noted
INES 178 in his notes upon the
thc -Anga rs
what arts the Remans ravght the Britairs frem the Latin terms till rerain'd in the Welfh tongue ; this inference
that Languages affording no cther rame tor ChkeeJe then Caws ; which looks like 8 manifeſt corruption of
all the other modern Languages of Europe.
$ notes Preface, p. 7.) has contracted the number into 200. and contrary to
be on his fide.) makes the barrel to be fought in the year 613. which perhaps was after ihe death of 43.guſ{ine the Mork.
the publiſher of
+ Sofay all our ancient Hiſtorians. Only ry (unlcſ
y [#
the common cry of Anti
chor, by the Saxons Bancopna-bypyg and Baxcbor.T his g.,,
CHESHIRE
ſperity debauch* them. |
From hence-forward this Monaſt
- ry
- (o many ſigns of Antiquity,
# chu and _ gates, [ach beaps of rub-
& biſh, 65. were - eJſewhere to be met with. But now
+. there is not the leaſt F _PORNrEncs of a City or Mona-
; ftery ; the names only of ewo gates remain, Port-
Hoghan, and Port Cleis, which ſtand at a miles di-
ſtance : berween them Roman coyns haye. been of-
-. ten found. ' But here I' muſt note that Bonwm is not
» reckon'd within this County, but in Flintſhire, a
"* part of which is in a manner ſever'd from the reſt,
and lyes here between Cheſhire and Shropſhice { b |.
After the river Dee has enter'd this County, it runs
by the town Malpas or , Mals-paſſus, ſituate upon a
high hill not far from it, which had farmerly a ca-
tle ; and from the ill, narrow, fteep; rugged way to
it, was calld in Latin Male plates, or I-ftrees; for the
ſame reaſon, by the Normans Mekpar, and by the
Engliſh in the ſame ſenſe 4s 1s nm h Earl of
Cheſter gave the Barony of this place to Robert Firz-
ab Hugh. In the reign of Henry the ſecond, William
* Patrick, the lon of Wiliem Patrick, held the ſame ; of
: which race was Koheve Paxrick who forfeited it by
t outlawry. Some years after, David” of Adfaipar , by
a Writ of Recogniſance, got a moiety of that town;
which chen belong'd to Gilbert Clerk; but a great
part of the Rerowy, oconded afterwards to thoſe
' Suttons that are Barons of Dudley; and a parcel
» thereof likewiſe fell co Urian de S. Petro, commonly
Sampier. And from Philip, a younger fon of David
of Malpas, is deſcended that famous and knightly fa-
, mily of the Egertons, who derived: this name from
their place of habiration , as divers -of this family
have cu Viz, Cotgrave , Overion , Codingtan , and
Golborn. But before I leave this place ,' I muſt beg
leave in this ſerious and grave ſubjeR; to recite one
pleaſant ſtory concerning \the name of it, out of
> Giraldus Cambrenſis. { beppend (fays he) in our
times, that a certain Few travelling towards Shrews-
bury, with the Arch-Deacon of this place, whoſe name
was Peche, that is, Sin, and the Dean, who was calld
Devil ; and bearing the Arch-Deacon ſay, that his Arch-
deaconry began at a place call d I-(treet, and reach'd as
far as Malpas towards Cheſter: the Few knowing both
their names, told them wery pleaſantly, be found it would
be @ miracle if ever be got ſafe out of this County ; and
bis reaſon was, becauſe Sin was the Arch-Deacon , and
the Devil was the Dean ; and moreover, becauſe the en-
try into the Arch-deaconry was 111-{treet, and the going
forth again Malpas. |
From hence Dee is carried down by Shoclach, where
was formerly a caſtle; then by Alford , belonging
formerly tothe Arderns ; next by Pouleford, where in
Henry the third's reign," Ralph de Ormesby had his ca-
Wwe wry, — Y .
wWw3+ 1p
wer the Groſvenours, i. EC. grendis wenator | great hunter,
whoſe poſterity now go corruptly by the name
Gravenor.
A little more upward upon the ſame river, not far
irom the mouth it ſelf (which Ptolemy calls Sereza,
lor Deia) ſtands that noble cicy,which the fame Pro-
lemy writes Dewnene , and Antoninus Dewves, from
the river ; the Britains, Cer-Legien, Caer-Leon-V aur,
Caer-Leon ar Dufyr Dwy, and by way of prehami
nence Caerz as our Anceſtors the Saxons, Legea-
Certen, from the Legian's camp there, and we more
. Contractly, Heſt-chefter, from its weſtwardly ſituation;
and ſmmpiy Che#ter, according to that verle,
O
ſte ; laſtly by Eaton, the ſeat of that famous ms,
|
| Ceftria de Cape
1 Bormen Caftria ſampfr. ;
Chelter from Cafter (or the Camp) wasinanird.
And wichoue queſtion theſe names were derit&'from
the ewentieth Zeg ion, call'd Vidrix. For int che fetond
Conſulſhip of Galba the Emperor with Tiras Vinius,
"that Legion was tranſported into Britain; where
growing too heady and too formidable ta the Lieute-
nants, as well 'to thoſe of Conſular dignity,. as thoſe
who had been only Prerors ; Veſpafian the Emperoc
made Fulizs Agricola Lieutenant over them\,and the
were ac laſt ſeared in this City, (which I believe had
not been then long built) for a check and batriere to
the Ordovices.Tho' I know ſome do ayer it to be older
than the Moon; to have been built many thodſinds of
years ago by the gyant Lzon Vaur.But theſe are young
Antiquaries, and the name it ſelf may convince them
of the greacnefs of this errour.For they cannot deny,
but that Leo Vaur in Britiſh ſignifies 2 great Legion ;
and whether it is more narural to derivethe name of
this City from a great Legion, or from the gyant Leon,
ler the world judge : conſidering that in Hiſpania
Tarraconenſis we find a territory call'd Leon from the
ſeventh Legio Germanica ; and that the twentieth Le-
ton, call'd Britannica, Valens Vittrix, and falſly by
e Valeria Vittrix,was quarter'd in this City, as Pto-
lemy, Antoninus, and the coins of Septimius Geta
teſtific (cy By che coins laſt mention'd it ap
alſo that Chefter was a Colony, for the reverſe of the
is inſcribed COL.DIVAN
And tho' at this day there remain here few memori-
als of the Roman magnificence, beſides ſome pave-
ments of Chequer-works ; yet in the laſt age it af-
forded many, as Ranulph, a Monk of this City, tells
us in his Polychronicon. There are ways here under
ground wonderfully arched with fone work,vaulted Dining -
rooms, huge Flones engraven with the names of the Anci-
ents, and ſometimes coins digged up with the Inſcriptions of
|
|
|
Fnlius Ceſar and other famous men. Likewile Roger of
Cheſter in his Polycraticon, © When ] bebeld the founds-
tion of vaſt buildings up and down in the ſtreets, it ſeemed
rather the effef} of the Roman ſtrength, and the work of
Giants, than of the Britiſh induſtry. The City is of a
fquare form , furrounded with a wall two miles in
co , ard contains eleven Pariſh-Churches >.
Upon a riſing ground near the river , ſtands the Ca-
file, built by the Earl of this place, wherein the
Courts Palatine and the Aſizes were held twice a year.
both ſides along the chief ſtreet ». The City has not
been equally proſperous at all times: firſt it was demo-
lſh'd by Egfrid the Northumbrian,then by the Danes
but repair'd by Fdelfleda * Governeſs of the Mercians,
and ſoon after ſaw King Eadgar gloriouſly teriumph-
ing over the Britiſh Princes For being ſeated in a
triumphal Barge at the fore-deck, Kimnnadias King
of Scotland, Malcolin King of Cumberland, Macon
King of Man and of the Iſlands,with all the Princes of
Wales, brought to do him homage , like Bargemen,
row'djhim up the river Dee,to the great joy of the Spe-
Rators. Afterwards, about the year 1094.when (as one
ſays) by a pions Rind
and of
the Chriſtian world began to raiſe it ſelf from the old de-
jetted tate and ſordidneſi to the decency and ſplendour of
white Veftmemts , Hugh the firſt of Norman blood
that was Earl of Cheſter, repaired the Church which
Leofrick had formerly founded here in honour of the
Virgin Saint Werbwrgs, and by the advice of Anſelm,
whom be had invited our of Normandy, granted
the fame unto the Monks. Now , the town is fa-
mous for the tomb of Henry the fourth, Emperour
of Germany, who is ſaid to have abdicated his Em-
ire, and become an Hermite here ; and alſo for its
beſos an. Epiſcopal See. This See was immediately
after the Conqueſt cranſlated from Lichfield hither, by
Peter Biſhop of Lichfield ; after, it was cransferred to
Coventry,and from thence into the ancient Seat again:
fo that Chefter continu'd without this dignity, till the
© This paſſage is likewiſe in the Polychronicon,
" Sir Ralph.
Wore were anciently Preb:ndaries, and (as ſom: write) $5 Biſhop's Sce.
mas may walk dry from one end unto the other,
—_—
* But that of St. John's without the North-g we, was the faireſt, bein
s ftatcly and ſolemn building, as appears by the remains
Syn having [bps py lf fides, through which a
laſt
3 They cal i
Pears Cheſter 2
m Ro! It1
LEG. XX. VICTRIKX. Colwny-
The buildings are neat, and there are Piazza's on Th Rowes
Y * Domin®
of conteſt the fabricks of Cathedrals Glaber
Churches began to be more decent and ſtately, and Rodolphus.
CORNAVTIL.
laſt age;-when King Henry the eighth diſplaced the
Monks,” inſtituted Prebends, and raiſed it again to 2
Biſhop's: See, to contain within it's jurildiction this
County, . Lancaſhire, Richmond, &c. and to be it
ſelf contained within the Province of Yggk. But now
let us'come to points of higher antiquity. When the
Cathedfal here was buile, the Earls, who were then
Normans, fortified the town with a wall and caſtle.
For as the Biſhop beld of the King that which belonged to
bu Biſhoprick, (theſe are the very words of Domel-
day book made by William the Conquerour, ) /o tbe
Earls, with their men, held of the King wholly all the
reſt of the city. It paid gelt for fifty bides, and there were
431 houſes geldable, and 7 Mint-maſters. When the King
came in perſon here, every Carrucat paid bim 2600 Heſtha s,
one Cuna of {le, and one Ruſca f Butter. And in the
ſame place ; For the repairing the city-wall and bridge,
the Provoft gave warning by Edit, that out of every bide
of the County one man ſhould come ; and whoſoever ſent not
hs man, he was amerced 40 ſhillings to the King and
Earl.” .1f I ſhould particularly relate the skirmiſhes
here between the Welſh and Engliſh in the begin-
ning of the Norman times, the many inroads and
excurſions, the frequent firings of the ſuburbs of Han-
brid beyond the bridge (whereupon the Welſh-men
call it Treboeth, that is, che burnt rown,) and tell you of
the long wall made there of Welſh-mens skuls ; I ſhould
ſeem to forget my ſelf, and run too far into the buſi-
nels of an fliſorian. From tha time the town of
Cheſter hath very much flouriſhed ; and K. Hen.7. in-
corporated it into a diſtin& County. Nor 15 therenow
any requiſite wanting to make ita flouriſhing city; on-
ly the fea indeed is not fo favourable, as it has been, to
Cake few Mills that were formerly firuared upon
the river Dee ; for it has gradually withdrawn it ſelf,
ſo that the town has loſt the benefit of them, and the
advantape of a harbour, which it enjoy'd hereto-
fore. It's ſituation, in Longitude, is 20 degrees
and 23 minutes; in- Latitude, 53 degrees, 11 mi-
hutes. Whoever deſires to know 1nore of this Ci-
ty, may read this paſſage taken out of Lucian the
Monk, who lived almoſt five hundred years ago.
Fir#t it #« to be conſidered, that the City of Cheſter is a
place wry pleaſantly ſituated ; and being tn the we#t parts
of Britain, ſtood ery convenient to receive the Roman
Legions that were tranſported hither : and beſides, it was
proper for watching the frontiers of the Empire, and was
a perfett key to Ireland. For being oppoſite to the north
parts of Ireland, it opened a paſſage thither for ſhips and
mariners continually in motion to and again. Beſides, it lyes
curiouſly, not only for proſpetF, towards Rome and the
Empire, but the whole world : a ſpettacle expoſed to the
eye of all the world : ſo that from hence may be diſcern'd
the great attions of the world, and the firft ſprings and
tonſequents of them, the perſons who, the places where,
and the times when they were trarſatted. We may alſo take
example from the ill condu# of them, to diſcern the baſe
and mean things, and learn to avoid them. The City bas
four gates anſwering the four winds ; on the ea#t-ſide it
has a mr” towards India, on the wet towards Ireland,
and on the north towards the greater Norway ; and laſtly,
on the ſouth, to that little corner wherem God's vengeance
has confined the Britains, for their Cruil wars and diſſen-
tions, which heretofore changed the name of Britain imo
England : and how they live to ths day, their neighbours
know to their ſorrow. Moreover, God has blefF and en-
rich'd Cheſter with a river, running pleaſantly and full
of fiſh, by the city walls; and on the ſouth ſide with a har-
our to ſhips commg from Gaſcoign, Spain, Ireland, and
Germany ; who by Chriſt's aſſiſtance, and by the labour and
condut# of the mariners, repair bither and ſupply them with
all forts of commodities ; ſo that being comforted by the
grace of God in all things, we drink wine very Plenrifuly;
for thoſe countries have abundance of winejards. More-
over, the ſea ceaſes not to viſit w every day with a
ride ; which, according as the broad ſhelves of ſand are open
or flnet by tides and ebbs continually, is wont more or le
and flow, either to bring m or carry out.
ER
— ——
From the city, northweſtward, there runneth out
a Cherſoneſe inro the fea, .incloſed on one ſide with
the zſtuary Dee, and on the other with the river
- Merſey ;- we call it Wirall, the Welſh (becavſe ir is ay
corner ) Kilk-gary [d}: this was all heretofore a d:.
folate foreſt' and not inhabited ( as the nativesſay ; )
but King Edw. 4. disforeſted it. Now it is well
furniſt'd with towns, which are more favoured by
'the ſea than by the ſoil ; for the land affords them
very little corn, but the water'a great many fiſh. In
the enery into it on the ſouth-ſide, by the j
ſtands Shorwick, a caſtle of the Kings : on the north
ſtands Hoeton, a manour which in Richard 2.'s time
fell to the Sraxleys, who derive themſelves from one
Alan Sylveft7zs, upon whom Ranulph, the firft of that
name Earl of Cheſter, conferr'd the Bailywick of the
fore#t of Wiral by the delivery of a horn. Juſt by this
ſtands Poole, from whence the Lords of that place
( who have liv'd very honourably and in a flouriſh
ing condition this long time) took their name.
Near this is Stanlaw, that is, as the Monks there tw
have explain'd it, a /ony-hill; where John Lacy,
Conſtable of Chetter, butt a litcle Monaſtery, which,
by reaſon of 'inundations; was forced afterwards to
be remov'd to Whahy in the County of Lancaſter. At |;
the fartheſt end of this Cherſoneſe, there lies a little
barren dry ſandy Iſland, called Z-bre, which had for. I.
merly a ſmall cell of Monks. More inward, eaſt of
this Cherſonefs, lies the famous foreſt, called the Foref
of Delamere, the foreſters whereof, by inheritance, are
the Dawns of Utkinton, of an honourable family, be-
ing deſcended from Ranulph of Kinglcigh, ro whom
Ranulph the firſt Earl of Cheſter gave the inheri-
tance of that office of Forefter. In this foreſt X#del-
fleda the famous Mercian Lady, built a little city
called Eaver-bupz, that is, happy town, which has
now * loſt both its name and being ; for at preſent
'tis only a heap of rubbiſh, which they call che Cham
ber in the foreit. About a mile or two from it, are
alſo to be ſeen the ruins of Finborrow, another town #i
buile by the ſame Lady.
Through che upper part of this foreſt lies the
courſe of the river Wever, which iſſues our of a lake
in the fouth-ſide of the County, at a place called
Ridley, the feat of the famous and ancient family 8
of the Egertons, a branch of the Barons of Malpas (35
I have already obſerved ; ) and not far from Bunb«-
ry 4, where 1s an ancient: College buile by them;
and near to Beeſton-caſtle 5, a place well guarded tet
| both by the mountains, the vaſt extent of the walls,
| and the great number of its towers, with a ſtcep
acceſs to it. This Caſtle was built by Ranulph the
laſt Earl of Cheſter of that name : whereof Leland
writes thus,
Alſyrio rediens wvittor Ranulphas ab orbe,
Hoc poſuit Caftrum, terrorem gentibus olim
Vicmis, patriaque ſue memorabile vallum.
Nunc licet indignas patiatur fratta ruinas,
Temps erit quando rurſus caput exeret altur,
Vatibus antiquis fi fas mihi credere wati.
Ranulph returning from the Syrian Land,
This Caſtle rais'd, his Country to defend,
The borderers to fright and to command.
Tho' ruin'd now the ſtately fabrick lies,
Yer with new glories it again hall riſe,
If I a Prophet may believe old prophecies.
;
Hence the Wever continues his courſe ſouthward,
not far from Woodbay, where the famous and Knight
ly family of the Wilburbams liv'd long in great repu-
tation ; alſo by Bulkely and Cholmondly, which gave 8
names to two famous and Knightly families; and
laſtly, not far, on one hand from Baddely, for-
wn & the ſeat of the ancient family of the Praeries ;
nor on the other hand, from Cumbermer, in which
| William AMalbedeng founded a little Religious-boule. 1!
ro change or ſend one thing or other, and by reciprocal ebb
When this river touches the ſouth part of this
County, it paſſes through heaths and low places,
« There is no reaſon why the name of this place ſhould be thought altogether loſt, or it's ruins grop'd for in the Foreſt of de 1s mer, ſo long
as we bave (till in the County fo norcd a place as Exisbury- bad, which gives name not onl
+ Contraitly ſo call'd for Boniface Bury ; for 57, Boniface was phe Patron Saint there. 5 Which gave ſirname to an ancient family.
y to an emunent family, but to a whole Hundred.
where
—_—. A.
where (as m other parts of this County ) they of-
,. ten dig up'rrees, which they fuppoſe have lain there
> ever ſince the Deluge: Afterwards; as'it paſſeth
chrough fruitful frelds,-ic receives a litfle river from
the eaſtward, upon which- is ſituated Wibbenbury, fo
called from' W:bba King of the Mercians.-- Nexc to
that is Hatherton, formerly the ſeat of the Orbies, af-
ter that of the Corbets, and at preſent of Thomas Smith,
fon of Sir Lawence Smith Knight: then Dodingron,
the eſtate of the De/ve/ies :* Batberton,)of the Griphins :
and Shavington of the Wodenoths ('who : by their
name ſeem to have ſprung from the Saxans: ) be-
ſides the ſeats of many other honourable families,
which” are very numerous in this County. . From
hence the __ goes on by Nantwich, at ſome
diſtance front '#$dlewich, to Norwich. Thele are the
noble Saktiwiches, about 5 or 6 miles diſtant one from
another, where they draw brine or fale-water out of
pits, and do not,'according to the method of the old
Gauls and Germans, pour it upon burning wood,
but boil it apon the fire, 'to make Salt of, Nor do I
queſtion but theſe were known to the Romans, and
that their impoſt for ſalt was laid on: them. For
there - was a noble Way from AMidlewich to North:
wich, which is raiſed fo high! with gravel, that one
may eaſily dif-ern it to be Roman ; ' eſpecially if he
conſiders that gravel is ſcarce in this County, and
that private men are even forced to rob the- road of
ic tor their own uſes. - Matthew Paris ſays, theſe
Salt-pits were ſtop'd by Hen.' 3. when he waſted this
County ; that the Welſh, who were then in rebelli-
on, might have no ſupplies trom them.' But-upon
the next return of peace, they were open'd again.
Nantwich, the firlt of them that is viſited by the
Wever, is the greateſt and beſt-built crown of this
County , call'd by the Welſh Hellath Wen, that is,
White:ſalt-wich, becauſe the whiteſt ſalt 1s made here;
by the Latins, Vicw Mealbanus, probably from Wil-
liam called Malbedeng and Malbanc, who had it gi-
ren him upon the,Norman Conqueſt. There is but
one Salt-pit ( they call i the Brine-P;rJ diſtance about
14 foot from the river. From this Brine-P# they con-
rey ſale-water by wooden troughs into the houſes ad-
jyning, where there ſtand-ready lictle barrels fixed
in the ground, which they fill with that water ; and
at the notice of a bell, they preſently make a fire un-
der their Leads, whereof they have ſix in every houſe
ſor boiling the water. Thele are attended by cer-
tain women calld Wallers, who with little wooden
rakes draw the Salt out of the bottom of them and
Put it in baskets ; out of which the liquor runs, but the
Salt remains and ſettles < There is but one Church
in this town, a neat fabrick, belonging heretofore
(as I have heard) to the Monaſtery of Cumbermer.
Hence the Wever runs in a very oblique: courſe, and
5 joyn'd by a lictle river whic riſes in the eaſt, and
paſſes by Crew, where formerly lived a famous fami-
ly of that name. At ſome farther diſtance from the
\ weſt-ſide of it, ſtands Caiveley, which has given both
a ſeat and name to that noble family the Ca/veleys;
of whom, in Richard -2.'s time, was Sir Hugh de
Calveley, who had the reputation of ſo great a ſoul.
dier, in France, that nothing was held impregnable
to his valour and ConduRt. Hence the river goes on
R. by Minſhul, the ſeat of the Minſhuls ; and by Yale
Koyal, an Abbey founded in a pleaſant valley by
King Edward the firſt, where now the famous fa-
i mily of the Holcrofts dwell ; then by Northwich, in
Britiſh Hellath Du , ſignifying the' black Salr-pit ;
where 5 there is a deep and plentiful Brene-pit, with
ſtairs about it, by which, when they have drawn
the water in their leather-backets, they aſcend half
naked to the troughs, and fill them 3 from whence
it is convey'd to the FWich-houſes, that are furniſh'd
with great piles of wood. Here the Wever receives
the Dan, which we will now follow.
This Dan, or Daves, ſprings from the mountains,
which ſeparate this County from Staffordſhire ; and
runs without any increaſe by * Condate, a town men-
; brook Howry, the caſt-fide by the D
"FHESHIRE),
tiond in Antonihus, and now .corruptly nam'd Con-
gleron, the middle whereof is watered by. the little
| ning-Schow, and
| the north by the. Des it ſeif. Altho* this town for
| greatneſs , .relgre, ;and commerce, has deſerved. a
Mayor and fix Aldermen to-goyern it, yet it has on-
ly one Chapel in it, and thatentirely of wood, ,un-
leſs it be the quire and a little tower. The Mother-
Church to which,, ic belongs is 4f#bary, about. two
miles oft, which js indeed a curious thing ; and tho?
the Church be very high, yet the welt porch is equal,
to ic : there is allo a ſpire-ſteeple. In the Church-
yard there-are two grave-ſtones, having the portrai-
ture of Knights upon them, and in ſhields :wo bars,
Being withou their colours, 'tis hardly to be deter-
min'd whether they belong'd. ro the Breretons, the
Manwarings, or the Venables, which are the beſt fa-
milies hereabouts, and bear ſuch bars in their arms,
but with different colours. |
Next it arrives at Daveyport, commonly Dan-
port, which gives name to the famous family of the
Davenports : and Holmes -Chapel, well known to tra-
vellers; where, within the memory of this age,
J. Needbam built a bridge. Not far from this ſtands
Rudbeath, formerly an A{ylum or SanRuary to thoſe
of this Country,.and others, that had broken the
laws; where they were protected a year and a day.
Next, it runs by. Kinderton, the ancient ſeat of that
old family the Venables, who from the time of the
Conqueſt have flouriſh'd here, and are commonl
called Barons of K:»derton. Below. this place EE
the ſouth, the river. Dan is joyn'd by the Croc, a
brook riſingout pf the lake Bagmere, which runs by
Brereton. As this town has given name to the famous,
ancient, numerous, and knightly family of the Brere-
tons, 1o Sir Wilkam Brereton has honour'd it by raiſing
very '\{tately buildings therein. Here is one thing in-
credibly ſtrange, but atteſted, as I my ſelf have
heard, by many perſons, and commonly believ'd.
Before any heir of this family dies, there are ſeen in
a lake adjoyning the bodies of trees ſwimming upon
the water for ſeveral days together ; not much diffe-
of St. Mawrice in Burgundy there is a fiſh-pond, into
which a number of fiſhes are put equal to the num-
ber of the Monks of that place. And if any one of
them happen to be ſick, there is a fiſh ſeen floatin
upon the water ſick too; and in caſe the fit of ſickne
prove fatal to the Monk, the fiſh foretells it by it's
own death ſome days before. As to theſe things, I
have nothing to ſay to them; for I pretend not to
ſuch myſterious knowledge : but if chey are true,
us, or elſe by the arts of the Deyil, whom God
permits now and then to exert his power in this world,
For both of them are intelligent Beings, - and will not
produce ſuch preternatural things, but upon deſign,
and to attain ſome end or other : thoſe eyer purſuing
the good and ſafety of mankind; theſe ever attempt-
ing to delude us, to vex us, or to ruin us. But this
is toreign to my purpole. -
A little after Croke is got beyond Brereton, it comes
where there are two fountains of Salt-water (ſepara-
ted'from one another by a little brook) which they call
Sheaths, The one of them is not open'd, but ar ſer
times; to prevent ſtealing away the water, which is of
a more peculiar virtue and excellence than the other.
the ancient ſeat of the noble and knightly family of
the Boſtocks, which by marriage with Anne the only
daughter of Ralph, ſon and heir of Sir Adam de Bo-
fock Kt. went together with a vaſt eſtate, to © John
Savage. Our of this ancient houſe of the Boſffocks, as
out of a fraicful ſtock, has ſprung a numerous race
of the ſame name, which have ſpread themſelves in
| Cheſhire , Shropſhire , Berkſhire , and other places.
—
——————_—.
© Of the man ner of making Salr in this place, ſee Ray's Northern words, p*$- 294
ther, perhaps, this place may be transferr'd.
+ 5 Vary near the brink of the river Dan. $ 77 John,
« See in the Biſheprick of Durham about Prerhrig, whi-
N n Beneath
Davenport.
rent from what Leonardus V airus relates upon the au- Lib. 2. de
thority of Cardinal Grewvellan ; That near the Abbey #9
they muſt be done either by thoſe bleſſed Spirits a,,.
whom God has. appointed Guardians and Keepers of Devils.
to Middlewich, ſituated near its union with the Dan z Middlewich
Whence the Dan runs by Boftock, formerly Boteſtock, Book.
CORN
AVIL
Perer.
Datton.
Chronicon
Wallz.
Towchett.
Rock-
Savage.
Macles-
feld.
Thelwa}l.
Benearh Northwich the Dan unites it felf with the |
Wever, and then runs on to the Weſt in a ſtreight ;
line, and receives from the Eaſt, Pever, that gives |
its name to the town Pever, by which it paſſes. This
is the ſeat of that noble and ancient family, the Mes-
nilwarrens,now commonly Manewaring, one of which |
call'd-Ra/ph, marry'd the daughter oft Hugh Kewelioc |
Earl of Cheſter, as appears by an old Charter now |
in the' hands of Ranulph the heir of this houſe. The |
courſe of the Wever is next by Winington, which |
both gives ſeat and name to the famous and ancient |
family of theimingrons: and then runs at ſome little |
diſtance from Merbury, which derives that name from
a pool under it, and gives the ſame to the famous fa-
mily of the Merburies. From hence the river runs |
near Dutron , the eſtate of that worthy family the
Duttons, deſcended from one Hudardus, who was re-
Jated to the Earls of Cheſter. This family by an old
cuſtom, hath a particular authority over all Pipers,
Fidlers, and Harpers of this County, ever ſince one
R. Dutton , an active young Gentleman of a great
ſpirit, with a rabble of ſuch men, reſcued Ranulph
the laſt Earl of Cheſter, when he was beſet by the
Welſh, and in danger of being beſieg'd by them.
Nor muſt I forget to take notice of Nether-Whitley in
theſe parts, out of which came the Tuſcherts or Tow-
chetts, who are Barons Audley of Healye. Now the
Wevec flowing between Frodeſham, a caſtle of ancient
note, and Clo , at preſent call'd Rock-Savaye , a
new houſe of the Savages, who by marriage have got
a great'eſtate here; rans at laſt into the zſtuary of
the Merſey, fo call'd 'from the Merſey, a river which
running down between this County and Lancaſhire,
empties it ſelf here ; after it has firſt paſſed by ſome
inconſiderabie towns, and amfong the reſt by Srockporr,
which formerly had its Baron7; and received the river
Bollin, which flows out of the large foreſt of Macles-
feld , wherein ſtands the town Macleffeld * , from
whence the foreſt has its name. Here was a College
founded by T. Savage, firſt, Biſhop of London, and
then Arch-Biſhop of York ; in which ſeveral of that
noble family, the Sevepes, are buried ; and alſo Dun
'
| them. So that tho? Fuſtar Lip/ine, that great, Maſter
Nature your ſofter limbs for eaſe deſign'd,
Bat Heav'n inſpir'd you with a manly miad.
You only, Madam, lateſt times fhall ſing
A glorious Queen and a triumphant King.
Farewel brave Soul ! let Czfer now look down,
And yield thy triumphs greater than his own.
Below Runckhorne, more within the County, ſtands
the town Haxlron, where there is a caſtle whica Hugh
Lupus Earl of- Cheſter gave to Nigellw, a certain
Norman, upon condition, that he ſhould be Conſta-
ble of Cheſter ; by whoſe poſterity afterwards it came
to the houſe of Lencaſter. Nor muſt I here omit
that William, fon of this Nigel, founded a Monaſte-
ry at Norton not far from hence, a town now belong.
ing to the Brokes an ancicnt family. Whether I ſhould
ou che Cangi here, who are a people of the old
ritainsz atrer much enquiry, I cannot really
determine *, tho? I have long conſider'd it. Anti-
quity has ſo obſcur'd all memorials of them , that
there remain not the leaſt footſteps whereby to trace
of police learning, takes me for a competent judge of
this controverſie, I muſt ingenuouſly profeſs my ip-
norance, and that I would rather recommend this
task to any one elſe, than aſſume it to my ſelf.
However, if the Ceangi and Cangi may be allow'd to
be the ſame, and I don't know why they may not,
then *ts probable that they liv'd in this County. For
while I was reviewing this work, 1 heard from ſome
credible-perſons, that there have been twenty pieces
of Lead'dug up on this ſhore, of a ſquare oblong
form, and thus inſcribed in the hollow of the upper
part.
IMP. DOMIT. AVG. GER. DE
CEANG.
But in others ;
IMP. VESP. VIL. T. IMP. V.
COSS.
A:C
ham, which from * Hamon de Maſcy by the Fitrons and
Venables came hereditarily to the famous family of
before it is much paſt Knorsford, i. e. Conutw's ford ,
whereof there are two, the Upper and the Lower ;
and then Lee, from whence there is a family of the
{ame name, famous not only for its gentile race, but
for the number of its branches. As for Thelwall, *tis
now an obſcure village, tho' formerly a large city,
founded by King Edward the elder ; and fo call'd, as
Florileg us witnelſes, from the trunks of trees fixed in
the ground, which, inſtead of a wall, incloſed it.
For the Saxons expreſs the trunk of a tree by the
word D211, and the Murws by wall, { as we do at this
Runckhom day,] Upon the mouth of this river ſtands” Runck-
Eth elfieda,
or Elficda
borne, built in the very ſame age by Ethelfleda **, and
now likewiſe reduc'd to a few cottages. Since I have
ſo oftzn mention'd this Edelfieds , it will not be im-
© proper to note, that ſhe was ſiſter to King Edward
the elder, and wife to Ethelred a petty Prince of the
Mercians ; and that after her husband's death ſhe
overn'd eight years in very troubleſome times , to
er great praiſe and honour. In Henry of Hunting -
don there is this encomium of her :
O Elfleda potens, 6 terror virgo wiroranm,
Vierix nature, nomine digua vir.
Te, quo ſplendidior fieres, natura puellam,
Te probitas fecit nomen habere wiri.
Te mutare decet, ſed ſolam, nomina ſexm,
Tu Regina potens, Rexque trophea parans.
Tam nec Ceſarei tantum meruere triumphi,
Ceſare ſplendidior virgo wirago, wale.
ViRorious Elfled, ever famous maid,
Whom weaker men and nature*s ſelf obey'd.
Booth. From hence the Merſey goes on to Thehwall ( account of fome vitory over the Cangi. And this
me —
| Cheſter and Count Palatine ; giving unto bim and
\ Niel) Baron of Haulton , whole poſterity cook the
Which ſcems to have been a monument rais'd vpon
opinion 1s confirm'd by the ſituation ot the place up-
on the Iriſh Sea : for Tacitus in the twelfth Book of
his Annals, writes, That in Nero's time Oſtorixs led an
Army againſt the Cangi, by which the fields were waſted,
and the ſpoil every where carried off ; the enemy not daring
ro engage, but only at an advantage to attack our rear ,
and even then they ſuffer d for therr attempt. They were
now advanc'd almoſt as far as that Sea towards Ireland,
when a mutiny among the Brigantes , brought back the
General again. But from the former Inſcription, it
ſeems they were not ſubdued before Domitian's time;
and conſequently , by Chronological computation,
ir muſt be when Julius Agricola , that excellent Soul-
dier, was Propretor here. Moreover, Ptolemy places
the Promontorium Keſ»gror , On this coaſt. Neither
dare I look inany other part beſide this Country for
the Garriſon of the Conganii, where, towards the de- ®
cline of the Empire, a Band of Yigiles with their
Captain, under the Dux Britannie, kept watch and
ward. But 1 leave every man to his own judg-
ment. |
As for the Earls of Cheſter ; to omit the Saxons *!"
who held this Earldom barely as an office, and not ©
as an inheritance : William the Conquerour mace
Hugh, ſirnam'd Lupxws, fon to the Viſcount de 4s
ranches in Normandy , the firſt hereditary Earl of
bu. heirs thus whole County * to hold as freely by bu ſword,
as be did England by bus crown; (theſe are the very _
words of the Feoffment.) Hereupon the Earl pit
ſently ſubſtituted theſe following Barons, Nigel (now
—_— _ — —
under the title Cangi, a pople of Britain. z See
tons, # One of the faireſt towns iu this County. 9 Sir Hamon,
f It is call'd in the Saxon Annals Ruymcefan ; by Henry Huntingdon Rumcoven
Ordericus Viralis's |
7 Of the Earls of Ch:ſter ; and Warburgton, ſo nam'd of St. Werburgh, the ve - #
iv Commonly (4
; and by others Runcoven, and Runco%an, 4 See Sooner ſerfeur',
Hiſtory L4. p. 50g. where Cheſter is given to Reger of Monig9%@)
a4 thereof ſirnam'd, but branch'd fi the Dut-
nam?
— —
CHESHIRE
566
name Lacey from the eſtate of the Laceys, which fell | ſters to inherit, Mawd the wife of David. Earl of
to them, and were Earls of Lincoln : Robert Baron | Huntingdon ; Mabi! the wite of William.de Albe-
de Momt-hault, Seneſchal or Steward of the County | ney Earl of Arundel ; Agnes wif: of William de
of Cheſter ; che laſt of which family dying wichoue | Ferrars Earl of Derby ; and lalily, Avs wife of
children, made Iſabel Queen of England, and John | Robert de Quincy., The next E ri of this County
de Eltham Earl of Cornwall, his heirs: William de | was Joby, ſirnam'd Scots, the fon of Earl David by
Malbedenge Baron of Malbanc, whoſe great grand- | the eldeſt filter Mawd aforeſaid. He dying like-
daughters transferred this inheritance, by their mar- | wiſe without iſſue, King Henry the third , bribed
riages, to the Vernons and Baſſets: Richard Vernon, | with the proſpe& of fo fair an Inheritance, annex-
Baron of Sipvroke, whoſe eſtate, for want of heirs | <d it to the Crown , allowing the liſters of John
male, came by the filters to the Wilburbams, Steffords, | other Revenues for their Fortunes z not being wil-
and Litt /eburys : Robert Fitz,- Hugh Baron of Malpas, | ling ( as he was wont to fay ) that fuch a valt eſtate
who ( as I have obſerv'd already ) ſeems to have | ſhould be parcelled among Dittatffs. The Kings
died without ifſue : Hammon de Maſcy, whoſe eſtate | themſelves , when this County devolved upon them,
deſcended to the Fittons de Bolin : Gilbert Venables, | maintain'd their ancient Palatine Prerogatives, and
Baron of Kinderton , whoſe Poſterity remain and | held their Courts ( as the Kings of France did it
tlourith in a direct line to this preſent age : N. Baron | the Counties of Champain ) that the Honour of
of Stockport, to whom the Warrens of Poynton ( de- | the Palatinate might not be extinguilhed by diſuſe.
icended from the noble family of the Earls of War- | An Honour which afterwards was conferred upon
ren and Surrey) in right of marriage ſucceeded. And | the eldeſt ſons of the Kings of England ; and firſt
theſe are all the Barons I could hitherto find belong- | granted to Edward the Ba of Henry che third,
ing to the Earls of Cheſter. Hho ( as 'tis fer down | who being taken priſoner by the Barons, parted
in an o!d book )bad their free Courts for all Pleas and Suits, | with it as ranſom for his Liberty tro Simon de
except thoſe belonging to the Earl's ſword. They were | Montfort Earl of Leiceſter ; who being cut off ſoon
bel.des to be the Earl's Counſel , to attend him, and | after, it quickly returned to the Crown , and Ed-
to frequent his Court, for the honour and greater | ward the ſecond made his elde{t fon Earl of Che-
grandeur of it;and(as we lind ic in an old Parchment) | fer and Flint , and under theſs titles ſummon'd him,
they were bound in times of war with the Welſh, to find for | when but a Child, to Parliament. Afterwards Ri-
every Knight's fee one Horſe and Furniture, or two without | Chard the ſecond by A& of Parliament raiſed this
Furniture within the Diviſions of Cheſhire : and that their | Earldom to a Principality , and annexed to it the
.. Knights and Freebolders ſhould have Corſlets and * Hauber- | Caſtle of Leon, with the Territories of Bromfield
geons, and defend their own Fees with their own Bodies. | and Yale, and likewiſe the Caſtle of Chirk , with
' Hugh the firlt Earl of Cheſter, already ſpoken of, | Chirkland, and the Caſtle of Ofwalds-Frees with
was Ladd by his fon Richard, who together | the Hundred, and eleven Towns appertaining to the
with William, only fon of Henry the firſt, with o- | faid Caſtle, with the Caſtles of Jabels and Delaley ,
thers of the Nobility, was caſt away between Eng- | and other large Poſleflions , which by the Outlaw-
land and Normandy 4». 11209. He dying without | ry of Richard Earl of Arundel , were then forteit-
iſſue, Rawulph de Meſchines was the third in this dig- | ed to the Crown. Richard himſelf was ſtyl'd Prin-
nity, being fiſter's fon tro Hugh the firſt Earl. | ceps Ceitrie, Prince of Cheſtgr. But this title
He dying, left a ſon Ranalph, ſirnam'd de Gernoniz , | was but of ſmall duration, no longer than cill
the fourth Earl of Chelter, a ſtout Souldier, who at | Henry the fourth repeal'd the Laws of the faid
the Siege of Lincoln took King Stephen priſoner. | Parliament ; for then ic became a County Pala-
His ſon Hugh, ſirnam'd Kevelioc, was the fifth Earl, | tine again, and retains that Prerogative to this
who dy'd An. 118r. leaving his fon Ranulph , ſir- | day, which is adminiltred by a Chamberlain ', a
nam'd de Blundewil the ſixth in that dignity , who | Judge Special '*, two Barons of the Exchequer , three
buile Chartley and Beeſton-caſtles, founded the Abbey | Serjeants at Law, a Sheriff, an Attorney, an Eſcheator 3,
de-la-Crefs, and died without iflue ; leaving four fi- | &c. -
" Who hath all juriſdiion of a Chancellour, within the ſaid County Palatrne. ** For matters m Common-Plees, and Plees of the Crown, to be
teard and determin'd m the ſaid County. iz And the Inhabitants of the ſaid County , for the enjoying of their Liberties, were to pay at the
change of every owner of the [aid Earldom, a ſum of money ( about 3000 marks) by the name of 8 Mize, 4s the County of Flint being a parcel thereof
ant 2009 marks, if | kave not been miſfinform'd. |
We have now ſurve'd the Country of the Cornavii , who together with the Coritani, Dobuni, and Catuel-
lani, made one entire Kingdom in the Saxon Heptarchy , then called by them Mypcna-mc , and Meapc-lond ,
but render'd by the Latins Meicia ; fom a Saxon word Meanc , which fignifie limit ; for rhe other Kingdoms
border'd upon ths. Thu was by - the largeft Kingdom of them all , begun by Crida the Saxon about the
jear 586. and enlarg*d on ail bands by Penda ; and a wet after, under Peada, converted to Chriſtianity. But after a
duration of 250 years, it Was to0 late ſubjefted to the Vominion of the Weſt-Saxons, when it had long endured
al the outrage and miſery that the Daniſh wars could inflit} upon it.
This County has about 68 Pariſhes.
I eee tn <tc ee en RD — - - —O— 0 OC OOO
ADDITIONS toCHESHIRE.
in the antiquity and Royalty of it's juriſdi- | wanted experience to carry him through that part of
ion, and mulcicude of ic's ancient Gen- | hiſtory. In Jike manner, Sir Job» Do idge, a man
ry ; ſo the famous Colony ſertied in it un- | of great leatning, in his Treatiſe concerning this
d:r the Roman Government, has render'd it very | County, hath exactly ftated the ancient and preſent
conſiderable for Antiquities. Nor had that Subject | revenues thereof ; but was not fo diligent in his en-
wanted a due examination, or the remains of Anti- | quiries concerning the original of the County Palatine,
Quity layn fo long undiſcover'd, if moſt of it's Hiſto- | as might from a man of his Profetlion have been rea-
rians had not been led away with a chain of ground- | ſonably expe&ed. However, his defect in this pointe
les ſtories and extravagant conjetures. *Tis true, | is in a great meaſure ſupp!ly'd by what the learned
vir Peter Leiceſter has made due ſearches into the | Mr. Harrington has left upon that ſubjea, a Gentle-
Records relating to this County, eſpecially to Buck- | man by. whoſe death Learning 1n general, and parti-
low-Hundred, and reported them with great exac- | cularly the Antiquities of this County, whieh he had
nes and fidelity 3 but the Roman affairs he has left | deſign'd to illuſtrate and improve, have ſuffer'd very
lo entice! h'd, that tis plain he either indu- | mu FI
y untouc on is plaun he ci | [a] To
q S the County of Cheſter exceeds moſt others —_ declin'd them as foreign to his buſineſs, or
Nana
]. Tilus,
TOKNaFiL
Palatine
—CC—— —— —— ——
[a] To begin then with Mr. Camden, who firſt
obſerves that this is a County Palatine. It may be
worth our notice, that it had this additional title up- | C da ; e be
tore Cheſter. And as this is the molt ancient, 1o is it
on the coming over of the Normans. At hir{t indeed
William the Conquerour gave this Province to Gher-
bord a Nobleman of Flanders, who had only the ſame
title and power as the Officiary Earls amongſt the
Saxons had enjoy'd; the inheritance, the Earldom. |
and grandeur of the Tenure being not yer fertld. |
Afterwards Hugh Lupus, fon of the Viſcount of Au- |
ranches, a Nephew of Willian the Conquerour by |
his ſiſter, receiv'd this Earidom from the Conque- |
rour under the greateſt and moſt honourable Tenure |
that ever was granted to a Subje&t ; Totum hunc dedit |
Comuatum tenendum fibi & beredibus ſuw, ita libere ad
gladium ficut ipſe Rex tenebat Ang/1e coronam. ;
The vaſt extent of the Powers convey'd in this
Grant, carry'd in them Palatine juriſdiction ; tho
ir is certain that neither Hugh Lupus, nor any of his
ſucceſſors, were in the Grant it ſeit, or any ancient
Records, ſtil'd Comites Palatini. eh
As to the original of Palatinates in general, 1t 1s
c'ear that anciently, in the decline of the Roman
Empire, the Ile>anw, as the name imports, Were
only officers of the Courts of Princes. The term, 1n
procels of time, was reltrain'd to thoſe who had the
final determination of Cauſes under the King or Em-
perour. And thoſe that exercis d this ſovereignty of
juriſdiftion in any Precin& or Province, were calld
Comites Palatini ; and the place where the juriſdicti.
on was us'd Palatinatus, a Palatinate. Inſtances of ſuch
perſonal offices in the Court, we may ſtill obſervein
the Palatine of Hungary ; and examples of ſuch lo-
cai authoricy we have in the Palatinates of the Rhine,
Durham, and Lancaſter. Whether therefore the an-
cient Palatines were equal to the Prefetti Pretorio,
the Curopalate, the Grand Maiſtres in France, or the
ancient Chief Juſtices in England, we need not dil-
pute, ſince it is clear, that the Comes Palating, as all
new-erected Officers titles, retain'd many of the pow-
ers of the ancient, but ſtill had many charaRters of
difference, as well as ſome of reſemblance.
By virtue of this Grant, Cheſter enjoy'd all fove-
__ juriſdiction within its own precin&s, and that
in fo high a degree, that the ancient Earls had Par-
liaments conſiſting of their own Barons and Tenants,
and were not oblig'd by the Engliſh As of Paclia-
ment. Theſe high and unaccountable juriſdictions
were thought neceſſary upon the Marches and Bor-
ders of the Kingdom, as inveſting the Gover-
nour of the Provinces with Di&atorial power, and
enabling them more effefually to ſubdue the com.
mon enemies of the Nation. But when the ſame
power, that was formerly a good bar againſt Inva-
ders, grew formidable to the Kings themſelves, Hen-
ry 8. reſtrain'd the ſovereignty of the Palatinates, and
made them not only ſubordinate to, but dependent”
on, the Crown of England. And yet after that re-
ſtraining Statute, all Pleas of Lands and Tenements,
all Contracts ariſing within this County, are, and
ought to be, judicially heard and determin'd within
this Shire, and not elſewhere: and if any determina-
tion be made out of it, it is void, and coram non ju-
dice 5 except in cales of Error, Foreign-Plea, and Fo-
reign Voucher. And there is no other crime but Trea-
fon that can draw an inhabitant of this County to
a Tryal elſewhere.
This juriſdiction, tho' held now in other Counties,
was moſt anciently claim'd and enjoy'd by this
County of Cheſter. The Palatinate of Lancaſter,
which was the Favourite-Province of the Kings of
that Houſe, was erected under Edw. 1. and granted
by him to Henry, the firſt Duke of Lancaſter ; and
even in the A& of Parliament that ſeparates that
Dutchy from the Crown of England, King Hen. 4. |
grants Quaſcungue alias libertates &* jure Regalia ad Co-
mitatum Palatinum pertinentia, adeo libert & integr® fi-
cut Comes Ceſtria infra eundem Commatum Ceſtrie dig-
woſcitur obtmere. Which ancient reference proves
inly, that the County of Cheſter was eſteem'd the
molt ancient and beſt ſetled Palatinate in this King-
dom. And although the Biſhop of Durham doth in
— ——_—_—____._ ww — —— = — --- Oo —_— —— —
Province 4 tempore conqueſt us C* antea, yet it is evident
that not Durham it ſeit (much lets Ely, Hexamſh:re,
or Pembroke) was erected into a County Palatine be.
the moſt famous and remarkable Palatinate in Eng-
land : infomuch that a late Author, Pecman, who
uſually miſtakes in Engliſh affairs, ſays of Cheſhire,
Comitatut ſingulare ett qudd Titulum Palatinatus perat,
ſolus Germans alias notum.
| b| Having premis'd thus much concerning the
nature of Palatinates, let us enter upon the County ir
ſelf, wherein the river Dee firſt leads us to Banchor ; Bui
famous for the Monaſtery there. But before we
go any farther, it will be neceſſary to arm the reader |
againſt a miſtake in * Malmesbury, who confounds this ;
with the Epiſcopal ſeat in Caernarwonſhire call'd Bay: |»..
gor ; Whereas (as Mr. Burton obſerves) the latter was **
like a Colony drawn out of the former. That Giidaz,
the moſt ancient of our Britiſh writers, was a mem-
ber of this place, we have the authority of Le/and ;
but upon what grounds he thinks ſo, is not cer:
tain. f As for Dinothus, he was undoubtedly Abbot + 34
there, and ſent for to meet Auſtin, at the Synod ©:
which he call'd here in this Iſland. Whether Pela. *
gius the Heretick beiong'd alſo to this place (as Cam-
den intimates) is noe fo certain. Ranulphus Ceſtrenſi;
tells us, in his time it was thought fo by ſome people,
|| Tradunt nonnulli, &c. and fobn of Tinmonth, in the |
life of St. Alban, expreſly ſays that he was Abbot here. ©
But this man's relation to the place is not like to de- ©
rive much honour upon it : the remains of Roman and
Britiſh Antiquity, that have been diſcover'd there by
the Plough-men (for now the place js all corn-fields,)
are a much greater teſtimony of it's ancient glory,
* Such are, the bones of Monks, and veſtures; ſquard *
ſtones, Roman coyns, and the like.
[c] From hence the river Dee runs to Cheſter, the
various names whereof are all fetch'd from the affairs
of the Romans; the Britiſh from the Legion, and the
Saxon Cearren from the Fortifications made in that
place upon account of the Legion being there quar-
ter'd. That the Legio xx. was there, is agreed on all
hands ; but by what name it was calFd, or when it
came over, are points not ſo certain, but they may
admit of ſome diſpute.
For the firſt, it is generally call'd Legio Viceſims
Vifrix, and Camden aſlents to it ; but that feems
to be defective, if we may depend upon the authority
of an old Inſcription upon an Altar digg'd up in
Cheſter A. D. 1653. and compar'd with what Dzo has
{aid of this Legion. The Inſcription is this,
I. O.M. TANARO
LTELVPIVS GALER.
PRAESENS. GWA
PRILEG-XXW.
COMMODO ET
LATERANO
COS.
ancient Plea lay claim to Royal juriſdiction in his
V. 3. LL.M.
Which
11 bs
+ B
$
e
[4
et _—UY
"4 * Selden would excuſe the Monk by reading Milita-
. rium for Fulianarum ; but that his own ancient Ma-
' CHESHIRE.
570
Which I read thus :
Jovi Optimo Maximo Tanaro
Titus Elupius Galerius
Przſens Gubernator
Principibus Legionis Viceſimz Vidricis Valeriz
Commodo & Laterano Conſulibus
Votum folvit lubens merico.
For if that Legion was call'd ſimply Viceſima Vifrix,
what occaſion was there for doubling the V ? To
make it Yige/ima quinta, would be a conjecture alto-
gether groundleſs ; and yet if the firſt V denote Vi-
#rix, the ſecond muſt fignifie ſomething more. *Tis
true, Mr. Camden never ſaw this Altar, yet another
he had ſeen (which was digg'd up at Crowdundal-waith
in Weſtmorland) ſhould have oblig'd him not to be
too poſitive, that thoſe who thought it might be
call'd Valens Vidrix, or Valemia Vittrix, were necel-
larily in an errour.
VARONIY .-. on. ETYVS
LEG. XX. V. V. &c.
Here allo we ſee the V. is doubV'd. Whether the
latter ſignifie Valeria, will beſt appear out of Dio,
that great Hiſtorian, who in his recital of the Roman
Legions preſerv'd under Auguſtus, hath theſe words
concerning the 2ath Legion : Kat oi &y950i x; of Ovaat-
ela, x; Niiireges round or, x, &n Beermavig Th dvw bes,
vr104s auTY5 Wild Tv TIT Ty ix05'% Emovumlian venus x) ON
71 Teewavig [ 75 4vo | yaualomy, 4 x) T% ware wi vg
d myTwY OU2At%e0r EAN, pars ww 677 Th aegnmſoas
1awT1 YypovIuu, axpgraCuy imignor. The 20th Legion
(faith Dio) which s alſo calf'd Valeria and Vidrix, s
now in Upper-Britain, which Auguſtus preſerv'd together
with the other Legion that hath the name of Viceſima,
and bath it's winter-quarters is Lower Germany , and nei-
ther now 1s, nor then was uſually and properly call'd
Valeria.
Mr Burton is induc'd by the Weſtmorland-monu-
ment to make an addition to Vi&rix, and ſets down
Valens 3 but why this paſſage ſhould not have in-
duc'd him rather to make choice of Valeria, I con-
fels I perceive no - :afon. For firſt, the diſtin-
ction he makes between the Vice/ima in Britain and
that in Germany, is plain not only from the natural
co: \t-uction of the words, but likewiſe becauſe Dio's
19 Legions, which were kept entire by Auguſtus,
cannot otherwiſe be made vp. Next, ſuppoſing this
Gi!tinction, 'tis very evident, that he politively ap-
plies the name Yaleriz to the firſt, and as plainly de-
nies that the ſecond ever had that title. And why
ſhould not we as well allow the name of Valeria to
this, as we do to other Legions the additional titles
of Ulpia, Flavia, Claudia, Trajana, Antoniana ?
The fccond head, When this Legion came over,
or when th2y were here {ettPd, cannot be preciſely
determin'd. That this was a Colony ſettl'd by Fu-
lus Ceſar ( as Malmesbury ſeems to affirm) implies
what never any one dreamt of, that Fulius Ceſar
was in thoſe territories. Giving an account of the
name Caerlegion, he lays down this reaſon of it, quod
1h; emeriti Legionum Fulianarum reſedere. The learned
niſcripe would not allow. To bring him off the
other way, by referring Fulianarum not to Ceſar but
figricala , who" in Velpaſian's time had the ſole
charge of the Britiſh affairs, ſeems much more plau-
ſible. Before that time, we find this Legion menti-
on'd by Tacitus, in the Lower Germany ; and their
boiſterous behaviour there. And in Nero's time, the
lame Author acquaints us with their good ſervices
In that memorable defeat which Sueronius Paulmus
gave to Queen Boadicia. So that whenever they
might ſettle at Cheſter to repel the incurſions of the
active Britains ; ic plainly appears they came over
fore Galba's time; from the reign of which Em-
erour, notwithſtanding, Mr. Camden dates their
ding here.
Another Altar was found at Cheſter with chis In-
{cription.
PRO-SAL-DOMM
ORVM- NI-ALVE
CTSSEMORVM
AVGG-GENO-L 9C]
FLAVEVS:LONG --
TRIB MELLEGXX 1]
LONGIMVS-Fz --
EFVS: & DOMO
SAMOSATA-
V. S”
It was diſcover'd by the Archite& in digging for a
Cellar in the houſe of Mr. Heath, and was view'd and
delineated by Mr. Henry Preſcott, a curious Gentle-
man of that city, to whom we are indebted for the
deſcription of it. It lay with the Isſcription down-
ward upon a ſtone two foot ſquare, which is ſuppos'd
to have been the Pedeſtal of it: the foundation lay
deep and broad, conſiſting of many large ſtones.
The earth about it was folid, but of ſeveral colours;
and ſome aſhes were mixt in it. About the founda-
tion were found figns of a Sacrifice, the bones, horns,
and heads of ſeveral creatures, as the Ox, Roe-buck,
&c. with theſe two coyns:
I. Braſs. On the firft ſide,
Imp. Caes. Veſpaſian. Aug. Cos. 111. end the face
of the Emperour.
On the reverſe,
Vittoria Auguſti S. C. and a winged Vittory ſtanding.
II. Copper. On the fr#t fide,
FI. Val. Conſtantius Nob. C. and the face of Cor-
ſtantius.
On the reverſe ,
Genio populi Romani. A Genius Handing, holding a
bowl (ud in ſacrifices) in the right hand , and « Cor-
nucopia in the left.
Our Antiquary tells us, that preſently afcer the
Norman-Conqueſt, the Epiſcopal See was tranſlated
hither from Lichfield: and this is the reaſon why
the Biſhops of Lichfield are ſometimes call'd by our
Hiſtorians Biſhops of CheFter ; and Peter who tranſla-
ted it, is by our Saxon Annals call'd Epiſcopus Licifel-
denſis ſve Ceſtrenſis, Biſhop of Lichfield or Chelter.
Ta Leaving this ancient city, the next thing that
ofters it ſelf is Wall ( call'd by the Saxon Annals yy;,.,
Wipheale, and by Matthew Weſtminſter more cor-
ruptly Wirhale, ) * which the ſame Mattthew Con- » Burton:
founds with Che/ter, making them one place. This ltincrar.
error proceeded from the miſunderſtanding of that © BY
paſſage in the Saxon Chronicle, hie ge>y»on on anpe
perecne ceaytne on Windealum. p10 i} Legaceaycne
zebaren, 1. @. They abode in a certain Weſtern city in
IVirbeale, which # calf d Legaceafter. The latter ue
O
4 Commen
upJn the
I: nerar.
124.
D. R-!!
p4ll. L F.
the Weſtern city.
« [e] From the Weſtern parts of this County , let
us paſs to the Eaſtern, where upon the river Dane
is Congleton , the ancient Condatum of Antoninus, ac-
cording to our Author, Mr. Burton, Mr. Talbot, and
others. Wherever it was, it ſeems probable enough
( as Mr. + Burton has hinted ) that it came from
Condate in Gaul, famous for the death of S. Martin.
For || Czfar expreſly tells us , that even in his time
they tranſlated themſelves out of that part of Gaul
into Britain ; and that after they were fettl'd , the
call'd their reſpective cities after the name of tholl
wherein they had been born and bred. Whether
any remains of Roman Antiquities that have been
dilcove:*'d at Congleton, induc'd our Antiquaries to
fix it there, is uncertain, lince they are filent in the
matter : but if the bare affinity of names be their
only ground ; ſuppoſing the diſtances would but an-
ſwer, there might be ſome reaſon to remove it into
the Biſhoprick of Durham : wherein at Con:by near
Percebridge was dug up a Roman Altar, very much
fivouring this conjeture. The draught and inſcrip-
tion of it, with the remarks upon them, ſhall bein-
ſerted in their proper place.
More towards the North lies Maclesfield, where (it
a Chapel or Oratory on the South-ſide of the Paro
chial Chapel, and belonging to Peter Leigh of Lyme,
Eſq; as it anciently belong'd to his Anceſtors )
in a braſs Plate are the verſes and following account
of ewo worthy perſons of this family.
Here ljcth the body of Perkin A Legb
T hat for King Richard the death did dye
Betrayed for righteouſneſs.
And the bones of Sir Peers bu ſonne
That with King Henry the fifth did wonne
In Parts.
Thus Perkin ſerved King Edward the third, and
the Black Prince hs ſon in all their wars in France,
and was at the Battel of Creſſie , and bad Lyme
given bim for that ſervice. And after their deaths
ſerved King Richard the ſecond, and left him not
COR NAPII
——O— OO SO" ——— —— — CD — —
—_— wo om > O— —
in bu troubles , but was taken with him, and be-
beaded at Cheſter by King Henry the fourth. And
the ſaid Sir Peers bis ſonne, ſerved King Henry
the fifth, and was ſlain at the battel of Agen-
Court.
In their memory Sir Peter Legb of Lyme Knight,
deſcended from them, finding the ſaid old wires
written upon a ſtone im thu Chapel , did reed:fie
thu place An. Dem. 1626.
On the other ſide of the ſame Parochial Chapel,
in an Oratory beionging to the right honourable
Thomas Earl Rzvers, is this Copy of a Pardon gray'd
in a braſs Plate.
The pardon for ſaying of V pater noſters and v aves
and a & XXV1 thouſand yeres and Xxvi
dayes of pardon.
Another braſs Plate in the ſame Chapel has this
ancient Inſcription :
Orate pro animabus Rogert Legh & Elizabeth
uxors ſuc : qui quidem Rogerus obiit iti. die No-
wvembrus, Anno Domini OD. v. C. vi. Elizabeth we-
ro obutt V* die Oftobru, An. Domini MD:ccclxxx1s.
quorum animabus proputietur Des.
This town of Macclesfield hath given the title
| of Earl to the Gerrards, the firlt whereof invelted
with that Honour, was Charles, created Earl of this
place, 31 Car. 2. who being lately dead, is now luc.
ceeded by his fon and heir.
The more rere Plant yet obſery/d to grow im Che-
thire, «
Ceraſus avium fruftu minimo cordiformi Phyr.
Brit.
Near Stock-port, and in other places. Mr. Lawſon could
obſerye no other difference between thus and the common
- "an but only in the figure and ſmallneſs of the
uit.
SILURES.
The leaſt wild Heart Cherry-tree or Merry-tree.
5
—
4 aL El ty AIULYEL SE a ab ont + -
s 4 nas 44s - n p #4 — OT I WORE Wow rc OO CG ro oO Gott aA AG
—
k 1 CE
—
HROP SHIRE
1,
Jem *
Ma
er ur
%. ; Barrantor RN
"W & TRE TFORD X 7 ns
240d by Page Wooten ;
\ 4 ;
= - tar Webley | =
| Aft 2 Gt , Ns Ta OT TRIMS WORTH | j Þh
- | NOR /Huniinoron a mtr & To 4
{Argus wwe Hy rD: Ih tet 4 : : : | "2
| {0 A 222 q PS. PE. 0 0”
\ | ES A r#uwnr, tiSedonki
Vt
WE B + wy HUND al __
| SHIRE
go nun ens,
*
*
BRECKN0CKYyY,
SHIRE
| Ss OUTH ,
4 —a_ FI
| abit by Abel Swale Aonſham \
CG Tohn Chure Jul. WE
— Sm
——_— 10
Dy | 3 Degrees
Vi Alvunts of Time.
1
OF
4 -— _ - -
— - _ ” >, — wy
- —
s HEREFORD
WoRCE 5: SHIRE
| 4 ord P Y Morden.
N=.
J
<S%%
> GLOCE 5s
Scales of Miles -
PSII "2
. , ”—— — x —_—_
—— w_— -— Ia
- ——
HERAFO RDSFHIRE.
SER
f--T ſeems moft adviſcable,
w_
before we go to the other parts of
land, to take P round
by the fldes
MEG SIP; inco Carnbria, or Wales fl poſe by the poſterity of the old Briraine, Tho' Icaw
TE N- s not look upon thu as @ 4 purſuing of the natural thi For
' Gs bo SOME fs frat u ſpread out dere rofeor 1 yn palate. 4
UW ro be conſider d ber
e, as 1n its proper
avii, and ſeems to bave.a right
Eſpecially , ſeeing the Britiſh or
» Welſh, the Inhabitants of theſe parts , enj the ſome laws and privileges with as, and
have been thu
Wales 7
Dimetz, and the Ordovices. To theſe did not only be
time as it were engrafted into our Government.
ore (which formerly c
bas now narrower bounds) was formerly inhabited
beyond the Severn, but Wiles.
three P
omprebended all that lies | |
cople, the Silures, tbe Silures,
long the twelye Counties
DIX - Wales. but . 5 of Dinas, .
RT} Li ales, but alſo the wo others lying beyond the Severn, Herefordſhire and Mon-
mouthſhire , now reckow'd
they lhe : the Silures ( as we gather from Ptolemy's deſcript
the Counties of England. To take them then as
ion o them ) Eheboed oh e Countries which the Welſh
call by one general name Deheubarth,i.e.che Southern rk thu day brancht into the new names of Herefordſhire,
Radnorſhire, Brecknockſhire, Monmouthſhire,avd G
of che name Silures As to the derivation of the word,l can th
anſhire;within which _— there are ſtill ſome remains
of none that will anſwer the nature of the Country;but as
to the original of the People,T acitms imagines them to have come firſt from Tberia,upon account of their *ruddy complexion, Tacirs.
their curl'd bair,and their fituation over againſt Spain. But Florianus del Campo, # Spaniard, # very poſitive in that * Colorati
matter ,and takes a great dral of pains to find the Silures in Spain, and to obtrude upon ms I know not what ſtories about *
Soloria and Siloria among the old Aſtures. However thu Country was very large (for it ſeems probable from Pliny
and Tacitus that they were poſſeſi'd of all South-Wales,) and the Inhabitants were hardy, ftout, warlike, averſe to
ſrrvitude, of great boldneſs and reſolution (term'd by the Roman: | obſtinacy and ſtubbornneſs) not to be wrought + Pervi.
upon either by threats or kindne
ſs : and their poſterity have not degenerated in any of theſe particulars. When the Ro- *<*
mans, out of an itching deſire of enlarging their Empire , made attempts upon them, they (partly re a confidence See pag.
in the courage and condutt of King p73. mnagphy prot mens d ag I of Cy N avs. wn Sor gron _
were to be as entirely routed as the Sugambri had been) engag'd the Romans in a very troubleſome and difficult
war. For having intercepted the Auxiliary Troops, cut off the Legion under Marias Valens, and waſted the territories
of therr Allies, P. Oltorius, Proprator in Britain, was quite wore out with all theſe croſſes , and dy'd of grief. Ve-
ranius foo, who govern'd Britain under Nero, was baffled in thu enterprize agam#t them. For where Tacitus ſays, Tacit. Ant
lum modicis excurſibus Sylvas populatum eſſe, that be deſtroy'd and waſted the woods with ſlight excurſions ; nal LAI
mſtead of Sylvas, with the Learned Lipfſius only read Siluras, and alls right. Nor could an end be made of the
war before Veſpaſien's reign. For then Julius Frontinus ſubda'd them, and kept them quiet by gariſons of the Legi-
om. A certain Countryman of ours has wreſted that werſe of Fuvenal upon Crilpinus, to theſe Silures :
magna qui voceſolebat
Vendere municipes, fraQta de merce Stiluros.
——I}hbo with hideows cry
BawPd out hu broken Sturgeon # the Frets.
Ar if ſome of our Silures bad been taken priſoners, and expos'd to ſale at Rome. But take it upon my word, he ba
wiſtook the genuine ſenſe of the Poet. For any one that reads that paſſage with attention , will quickly percerve that by
Siluros he deſigns to expreſs @ ſort of Fiſh, and not a People.
_— —- — — <_—__—
C_— ——— ———— ————
HEREFORDSHIRE.
Erefordſbire, call'd by the Britains Eres-
muc, is, in a manner, of a circular
form : bounded on the Eaſt with the
Counties of Worceſter and Gloceſter ;
on the South with Monmouth ; on the
Weſt with Radnor and Breknock ; and
on the North with Shropſhire. A Country ( beſides
its pleaſantneſs) both for feeding of Cattel, and pro-
duce of Corn, every where of an excellent foil; and
admirably well provided with all neceſlaries for lite.
Infomuch, that it og 4 ſcorn to come behind any
County in England for fruicfulneſs of ſoil *. To
which excellencies are to be added, its fine rivers,
the Wye, the Lug, and the Mutow , which after they
have water'd the verdant flow'ry meadows, and rich
and fruitful corn-fields, at laſt have their conflux ,
and in one chanel paſs to the Sewvern-Sea [ a].
The Munew has its rife in Hatterell-hilis, which
ting up aloft , look, as it were , like a Chair,
and are a fort of wall to this Shir2 on the South-
weſt-ſide. Hence the river deſcending, firſt frugglc:
Southward along the foot of theſe hills, to Bleſtium,
a town ſoplac'd by Antoninus, that both for ſituation
and diſtance, it can be no other than that, which
\ ſtanding upon this river , is by the Britains calld
Caſtle Hean, that is, the Old Caſtle, by us The old Town.
An inconſiderable village, but nevertheleſs this new
name makes much for its antiquity, for in both
bility, Sir Wll;am Cecil, Baron of Burghley, and Lord
High Treaſurer of England, is deſcended.
From hence the Munow turning Eaſtward, for 2
good way parts this Province from Monmouthſhire,
and is augmented by the river Dore at Map- Harald or Hari'd-
Harald Ewias, a Caſtle. This Ew1as-Caſtle ( to ge _
you the words of King William the fir{t's Book) was The Frmily
repair'd by Alured of Marleberg. Afterwards it belong-
to one Harald a Nobleman, who, i» 4 Shield Ar- TheirArms.
gent, bore a Fefs, Gules, between three Eſtoiles, Sable ;
trom whom it tirſt took the name of Harold Ewa :
but Siby]l his Great-grand-daughter, and one of the
heirs, transferr'd it by marriage to the Lords Tregoz, Tregoz and
from whom it came at length to the Lords of Gran- &2ndilon.
diſer. , originally of Burgundy ; of whom elfe-
where.
Now the Dore above-mentioned{falling down from Gidden
the North,by Snorthill a caſtle, and ſometimes the Ba- '**
[OO EY
' And therefore ſays that for three W. W. W. Wheat, Woll, and Water, it y1aldeth ron Shive of England.
*
rony
v6 IT ITN eros or wn er ORE Bere , l 4
"range 1
\ IT L VR "BS; \
uw eagſfh cw
Irchanfcld.
Kilpec.
| Nepos.
The rivcr.
Wyec.
Cliff1rd-
Caltlc.
Clivy for-
IS.
Ing.26E. 1.
* The P'ro-
found D--
Ctor.
Heretord.
Ker.cheſter.
the valley, which the Britains fro
Diffrm Dore ; but the Engliſh, that
to expreſs the force of that word, have term'd it The
Golden ul
5 2 for its golden, rich, and pleaſant fertility.
For the hills that encompaſs it on. |
clothed with woods, -under the woods lye corn- fields
to
A... ates. A, þ
Yak. Which name it may well be thought
4
on tach hand, and under thoſe, fields lovely and gal-
lant meadows. In the middle between them glides
aCear and cryſtal river , on which Robert Earl of
Emwias erected a tine Monaſtery, wherein moſt-of the
Nobility and Gentry of theſe parts were buried.
both ſides , are |
rony of Robert Chandos, where there is a Quarry | compaſs'd almoſt round about with rivers; by an
of excellent Marble ) cuts through the middle of | anonymous one on the north and weſt ſides, on the
vir the river call | Buch by the Þ5e,
fey migheſcem | It is ſup
Heptarchy was in its glory ; founded, as fone
"write, by .Edwaid- the 8!der3- and TodecQ there is
which haſlens hither out of Wales.
to have firſt ſpreing up when the Saxon
no mentien ;of it more ancient. For:the” Britains,
before the name of Hereford was' knowry, "called the
place Trefawutb, from Reech-erees ; and Henfard, from
an Old way :. and the Saxons themſelves Ptqn-ler,, of
Fern. It.owes, [if 1 miſtake not, it's greateſt encreaſe
and growth 'to Religion, and the Martyrdom of
Erbelbert, 'a King of the Eaſt Angles who (whilſt
” Part of this County, which bends towards the Eaſt, {che Mercians ) was villanonlly way-laid\ ahd muwr-
now. call'd Irchenfeld; in Domeſday Archenfeld, was (as
Hiſtorians write) laid waſte wich fire.and ſword by
the. Nanes in the year 715 5 Camalac, a Britiſh Biſhop,
being then carried away captive. Herein, once ſtood
Kilpec a nored caſtle , the ſear of the noble family of,
the Ki/pec's, who, as ſome report, were Champions
to the by, of England, in the beginning ot the
Normans ; which I am very willing to believe. In
the reign of Edward che firlt, Robert Wallerond liv'd
here, whole {| nephew Alane Plugenet was bonourd with
the title of a Baron. In this Archenfeld likewiſe, as
we read in Domcſday-book, certain Revenues by an
od cuſtom were afligned to-one or ewo Prieſts, on
this condition , that they ſhould go in Embathes for
the Kings of England into Wales; and to ule the
words of the ſaid Book, The men of Archenfeld, when-
ever the Army marches forward againſt the Enemy, by cu-
om make the Avauntward, and in the return homeward,
the Rereward.
As the Munow runs along the lower part of this
County, fo the I/e with a winding courſe cuts it
in the middle : upon which, in the Weſtern bounds,
ſtands Cl:fford-caitle,which William Fitz-Osborn Earl
of Hereford b«:l: upon” bu own Waſte ( theſe are the
|
|
murder'd. by \Quendreds, Offa's wife, who longed
more for the-Kingdom, of the Eaſt- Angles, than t9
have her daughter honeſHy and honourably married.
He was hereupon regiltred in the Catalopue'of Mar-
tyrs, and had'a Church here built and dedicared to
him by A4{jid a petry King of the Country ; which
being ſoon' after adorn'd with a Biſhop's See, grew
very rich, firſt by the liberality of the Mercian, at.
terwards - of. the Weſt-Saxon . Kings. For they at
lengch were poſleſſed of this City, as may be gather.
ed trom William of Malmesbury, where he writes,
that Athelan the Welt-Saxon forc'd the Princes of
Wales in this City to comply with ſuch hard condi-
tions, as to pay him tribute ( beſides hounds and
hawks) 20 pound weight of gold, and 3oo pound of
ſilver every year. This City, as far as I have obſerv'd
by reading, had never any misfortune, unleſs it were
in the year of our Lord 1055. when Gryffin Prince
of South-Wales, and Algar an Engliſhman, rebelling
againſt Edward the Confeſſor, after they had routed
Earl Ralph, ſacked the City, deſtroy'd the Cathe-
dral, and carried away captive Leoigar the Biſhop.
But Harold, having ſoon quieted their bold rebellion,
fortified it, as Floriacenſis informs us, with a broad
very words of Domeſday-book ) but Ralph de Todeny | and bigh Rempire. Upon this account it is that
held it. It is ſupposd that it came afcerwards to
|
|
Malmesbury || writes thus ; Hereford i: no great City, and
Walter the fon of Richard Punt a Norman, for his | yet by the high and formidable rums of its ſteep and broken
firname was de Clifford, and from him the illuſtrious | Bulwarks,' it ſhews it has been ſome great thing : and as
family of the Clittords, Earls of Cumberland , are it appears by Domeſday book, there were in all but
originally deſcended, But in King Edward the firlt's | 103 men within and withour the walls. The Normans
time, 'Fobn Giffard held it, who married the heir of | afterwards built a very large and ſtrong Caſtle(on the
Walter Clifford. Thence the Wye, with a crooked | ealt-ſide of the Cathedral, along the river Wye) the
and winding ſtream rolls by Jb:tney, which has gi- | work, as ſome report, of Earl Miles ; but now ruin'd
ven name to a noted family ; next by Bradwardim-
Caſtle, that gave both original and name to the fa-
mous Thomas Bradwardin Archbiſhop of Canterbury,
who for the great variety of his ſtudies, and his ad-
mirable proticiency in the molt abitruſe and hidden
parts of learning, was in that age honour'd with the
title of * Door profundus. At length it comes to. He.
reford, the Metropolis of this County | b |.
How far that little Tra Arcenfeld reach'd, I know
not ; but the affinicy between theſe names, Ereinuc,
Arcenfeld, the town Ariconium mention'd by Antonine
in theſe parts, and Hareford or Hereford, the preſent
Metropolis of this Shire; have by httle and little in-
duc'd 'me to this opinion, that they are every one
deriv'd from Aricomum. And yet I do not believe
that Ariconium and Hereford were the fame ; but as
Baſle in Germany has chaileng'd the name of Auguſta
Rauracorum, and Baldach in Aſlyria that of Babylon
( becauſe, as this had its original from the ruins of
Babylon, fo that had its birth from thoſe of Auguſta; )
ſo our Hariferd ( for thus the common people call it )
had its name and beginning from its neighbour Arj-
comum, as | am of opinion ; which art this day has
no clear marks of a town, having been deſtroyed, as
ts reported, by an Earthquake. Only it ſtill retains
a flight ſhadow of the name, being call'd Kencheſter,
and ſhews fome ruins of old Walls call'd Kenchefter
Walls, about which are often dug up ſtones of inlaid
Checquer-work, Britiſh brzcks, Roman coyns, &c. [c]
But Hereford her! daughter, which carries more ex-
preis remains of the name | d], ſtands eaſtward ſcarce
three: Italian miles from it, amongſt meadows ex-
tremely pleaſant, and corn-fields very fruitful ; en-
—_— —
by time, and falling to decay [e]. Afterwards they
walFd the City about. In the reign of King Hen. r.
was founded by Biſhop Reinelm that beautiful
| Church now to be ſeen, which his ſucceſſors enlar-
ged by adding to it a neat College, and fine houſes
tor the Prebendaries. For beſides the Biſhop, ( who
has 302 Churches in his Dioceſe ) there. are in this
Church, a Dean, rwo Archdeacons, a Precentor, a
Chancellour, a Treaſurer, and. 28 Prebendaries. I
faw in it ſcarce any monuments beſides thoſe of the
Biſhops : and I have heard that Thomas:Canrlow the
Biſhop, a perſon nobly born, had here a ſtately and
magnificent tomb ; who being canonized for his ho-
lineſs, wanted little of out-ſhining the Royal Martyr
Ethelbert: fo great was the opinion of his piety and
devotion [ f 1: According to Geographers, the
Longitude of this City is 20 degrees, 24 minutes.
Lat. 52 degrees, 6 min. [g].
The Wye has ſcarce gone three miles from this
City,when he intercepts the river Lug ; which having
run with a rapid ſtream down from Radnor- Hills,
with a ſtill courſe glides through this Province from
the north-weſt to the ſouth-eaſt [h]. At the firlt
entrance, it has a diſtant proſpe& of Brampton Brian,
a Caſtle which a famous family ( hence firnam'd 4:
Brampten, whoſe chriſtian name was uſually Brian )
he'd by a continual ſucceſſion to the time of King
Edward 1. then by femalc- heirs it came to R. Harley:
But i has a nearer view of #ijzmore, in Saxon * Wyn- Wg®
g1nga-mene, repair'd in ancient times by King Edw.
rhe elder, afterwards fortify'd with a Caſtle by Wil-
liam Earl of Hereford, in the waſt of a ground ( for 10
it is 1n Domeſday book ) which was called Mareſtun,
6s Higingamere in the Saxon Annals.
ed
—
in
\
\4
+ «6s Y
Brian
in perſon he. courted the daughter-of Offa; /King of . WW"
{Ls
-—
.
»,0 1
.
2
HEREFORDSHIRE
in the genure of Randulph de Mortimer, from whom
choſe Mortimers that were akerwards Earls of March
were deſcended. Of theſe more in Redworſbire. Three
miles off there is another neighbouring Caſtle calld
Richard's-Caſtle, poſleſſed firft by the Sayes, then by
the Mortimers, and afterwards by the Talbots, At
« length, by the daughters of J, Talbot, the inheritance
” was divided betwixt Guarts Archdegcon and Matthew
G [1]. Beneath this Caſtle, Nature ( which
> Ro ports her ſelf more in ſhewing wonders
than in the waters) hath brought forth a little Well,
which is always full of {mall fib-bones { or as others
think, ſmall trpz-bones) notwithſtanding it is ever
now and then emptied and cleard of them; whence
#1. "tis CY ee Re.: _ not _ off
{tands Creft-Caftle, belonging to the famous and v
ancient and knightly family. of che Crofts | k]. we
Thence the Wye bends his courſe ro Lemfer, called
alſo Leonmasfter and Leowws Mongſterium, from a Lion
that © appeard in a Viſion ( as {ome have dream'd,)
but by the Britains Lhan-Liem: 5 which ſignifying a
Church of Nuns, and it being certain that Mere-
walch a Mercian King founded here a Church for
Nuns, ( which was afterwards a Cell belonging to
the Monaſtery of Reading ;) to fezk after another
Original of the name, what were it elſe but labour-
ing to no purpole ? And yet there are fome which
derive it from Linum Flax, the beſt kind of which
grows here. But it now glorigs chiefly in it's Wool
in the neighbouring parts round about ( commonly
call'd Lemſter Ore) which (excepting that of Apulia
* and Tarentuys ) 1s by all Europe accounted the belt.
”* It is alſo fo famous far Wheat, and the fineſt White
. bread, that Lemſter-Bread and Waiebley-Ale (a town
io! belonging to the noble family of D'Eureux ) are
” grown a common Proverb. By reaſon of \ele Com-
modities, the markets of Lemiter were very much
frequented ; and way”
obſerving it, were ſo invidious, that they oblig'd
them, by virtue of the King's authority, to alter
their Marker-day, complaining that the confluence
of people thither impaired their markets. I have
nothing more to add concerning Lemfer, but that
William Breoſs Lord of Brecknock, when he revolt-
ed from King John, ſer it on fire, and defac'd it [1],
s As for Webley, it is ſeated more within the Country,
and was the Barony of the Verdons ; the firſt of which
family; Bertram de Verdon, came into England with
the Normans, whoſe poſterity, by marriage with
one of the heirs of the Lacezs of Trim in Ireland,
were for ſame time hereditary Conltables of Ireland:
but at laſt the eſtate devolved, by daughters, to the
Furnivals, Burgberſh, the Ferrers of Groby, Crophull,
and from the Crophulls, by the Ferrars of Chartley,
to the D'Evereux's Earls of Eſſex. Near neighbours
unto Webley, but more weſtward, are Hunting don-
Caſtle, formerly belonging to the Bohuns Earls of
{ Hereford and Eſſex ; K:nnerſley, to the ancient houſe
of De-la-bere ; and Erdſiey, where the famous and
"& ancient family of the Baskerviles have long inhabited,
> Which bred in old time ſo many noted Knights:
they deduce their original from a Niece of Gunors,
that moſt celebrated Norman Lady, who long ago
flouriſhed in this County, and its neighbour Shrop-
| hire; and held (to note fo much by the by ) che
+ Hamlet of Lanton in Capire, as of the Honour of Mont-
| gomery by the ſerwice of giving the King one barbed Arrow
-'h.og as he came mto thoſe parts to hunt m Cornedon-
ace,
The Lugg now haſtens to the Wye, firlt by _
t-n, where Rowland Lenthall, Maſter of the Ward-
robe to King Hen. 4. who married one of the heirs
of Thomas Earl of Arundel, built a very tine houſe,
Which the Coningsbeys, a family of note in this tract,
lome ſmall remains of King Offa's palace, infunous
— —
Z . =
_ ft. 3 Made a fee Porongh by King Hen. 3.
#731157 the Congneronr. 6 # ho had marry'd
f6. of ber Comer , ]
? of ter Court, whereupon his poſterity were
F ,
ot, |
Kariciluz C.riz noltre.
of Hereford and Worceſter
for the murder of K. Ethelbert; and Merden is noted
for the tomb of the ſaid K. Ethelbert, who for a long
ume lay bury'd here in obſcurity , before he was
tranſlated to rd[m]. Near the conflux of the
Lugg and the Wye, eaſtward, a Hill, which chey call
Mearcky Hill, in the year * 1575. rouſed ic ſeif up, as Mardey-
It were out of a fleep, and for three days together _
ſhoving its prodigious body forward wich a horrible
roaring noile, and overturning all that ſtood in its
way, advanced it felf (to the great aſtoniſhmenc
of the beholders ) to a higher ſtation: by chat kind
of Earthquake, I ſuppoſe, which the Nacuraliſts call
Braſmatia [a , Not far from hence, towards - the
Eaſt likewike, under Aalvers-bifs ( by which the
ealt-ſide of this County is here bounded ) ſtands
Ledbury upon the river Ledden, a town of note, Ledbury.
which f Edwin the Saxon, a man of great power, + Wilker
gave to the Church of Herefordy being perſuadgy ro «5
that he was cured'of the Palſie by the interceſſion © nd
of St. Ethelbert. As for the Military works on the {v5 be was
neighbour hill, I need fay nothing of them, ſince in ns
this tract (which was the marches, and the ſeat of we/#er. Lib.
war, firſt berween the Romans and the Britains, {£2
afterwards between the Britains and the Saxons ) cp. i.
ſuch [Forts and Entrenchments] are to be ſeen in ma-
ny places [0]. Now the #je enlarg'd by the influx
of the Lugg, fetches a more winding compaſs,
firſt by Holme Lacy, the ſeat of the ancient and no-
ble family of Scudgmores, which much advanced it Scudamore,
ſelf by matching with an heireſs of the Houſe of
Ewias in this County, and Huntercombe, &c. elle- oh
where. From hence che Wye runs down between
Roſſe 3 noted for Smiths, and Wilton over againſt it, a wilton.
very ancient Caſtle of the Greys, from which tamily Baron Grey
ſo many famous perſons of that firname have de- « ion.
{cended. It was built, as common report goes, by
Hugh: Long-champ. But publick records aſſure us,
that King John gave Wilten, with the Caltle, to
Henry Long-champ, and that it fell by marriage to
William Fitz-Hugh, and likewite not long after (in
King Edward the firſt's time ) to Reginald Grey.
Now, after the Wye has run a little lower and
ſaluted Goderich Caſtle, which King John gave to G.gerich-
William Earl Marſhal, and which was afterwards ©!!-
the principal ſeat of the Talbots ; it takes leave of He-
refordſhire, and bends irs courſe to the County of
A moving
Muuut its.
' Monmouth | p |.
In the declenfion of the Saxon Government, x.,1. of
Ralph fon to Walter Medantin by Goda King Ed- Heretord.
ward the Confeſſor's filter, govern'd this County as
an Official Earl. But the Normans diveſted him of
this honour, and ſubſtictured in his room 1/:liam the
ſon of Osbern of Crepon, or as the Normans call'd
him, Fitz,-Osbern, a per{on very nearly allied to the
Dukes of Normandy. He being lain in the + wars
in Flanders, was ſucceeded by his ſon Roger firnam'd
de Bretewill, who died 5 out-law'd, leaving no legiti- Proſcriptie.
mate iſſue. Then King Stephen reſtor'd to Robert
le Boſſu Earl of Leiceſter *, fon of Emme de Bre-
tevill's heir, ( 1 ſpeak out of the original it ſelf ) rbe
Borough of Hereford , and the Caſtle, and the whole
County of Hereford to deſcend by inheritance ; but to no
purpoſe. For Mapd the Emprels, who contended
with Stephen for the Crown, advanced Ales, the
ſon of Walter Conſtable of Gloceſter, ro that honour,
and 7 made him high Conſtable of England. Ne- c,ntablee
vertheleſs, King Stephen afterwards divelted him of © Eag/aud.
theſe honours. This Ales had five fons, Roger,
Walter, Henry, William, and Mahel, all perſons of
great note, and who died unimely deatlis, after
chey had all, but William, ſucceeded one another in
their father's inhericance, having none of them any
iſſue. King Henry, amongſt other things, gave to
Roger, The More ,of Hereford, with the whole Caſtle, Girald.
hare for a good while inhabited. Thence by Mar- |
Gen, and Southon, or Sutton : of which, Sutton ſhews '
Emme or ltts berr of Bretevid.
Conſtables of *1g\amd, as the Marſha!
Camorie
Irin. L 1.0.2.
and the third penny of the revenues of the Plzas of the
whole County of Hereford, whereof ke made bim Fart,
But upon Roger's death, it we may credie Robert
—
* The Lion is aid to have appear'd to King Merwald, and that upon this he began to build the Nunnery. Lel. tin. MS.
+ Aſifting the Earl of Randers.
F Condemn'd fo perpetual priſen for A Confdiracy
1 Alſo granted to him Conltabulariam Curiz fuz, the Conſtable-
ip was granted at the firſs by the name of Magiltrarus
O o Montenſis,
— — Po
— —
Montenſis, the ſame King kept the Earldom of Here-
1156, ford to himſelf. Margaret the eldeſt ſiſter of theſe,
was married to Humphrey Bobwn , the third of that
name, and nis Poſtericy were High Conſtables of
England, viz. Humphrey Bohun the fourth, Henry
his ſon, to whom King John granted © Twenty
und to be received yearly of the third penny
| of the County of Hereford, whereof he made him
_ Earl”. This Henry married the ſiſter and heir of
Lib. Mona- yytliam Mandevill Earl of Eſſex, and died in the
= ”* fourth year of King Henry the third. Humphrey
the fifth his ſon, who was alſo Earl of Eſſex, and
had Humpbrey the ſixth , who died before his father,
having firſt begot Humphrey the ſeventh upon a
davghter and one of the heirs of William Breos
Lord of Brecknock. His fon Humphrey the eighth
was flain at Borowphbrigg , leaving by Elizabeth
his wiſe, daughter of King Edward the firſt, and
dowager of the Earl of Holland, a numerous iſſue,
viz. Fobn Bobun , Humphrey the ninth , both Earis of
2Par Charr.
An. 1 Reg.
Joa n.
Marth Paris
8 Daughter.
FTILURES
— _ —
Hereford and Eſſex, who dyed iſfſuelefs ; and #:1;.
am Earl of Northampton , who had by Elizabeth,
$ filter and one of the heirs of Giles Lord Badle(.
mer, Humphrey Bobun (the tenth and laſt of the
Bohuns) Earl of Hereford, Eſſex, and Northamy.
ton , as alſo Lord High Conſtable of England.
He lefr two daughters, Eleanor the wife of Tho-
mas de Woodſtock Duke of Gloceſter, and Mz-
ry married to Henry of Lancaſter Earl of Derby,
who was created Duke of Hereford , and was af.
the Steffords Dukes of Buckingham , had the title
of Earls 'of Hereford , who were deſcended from
a daughter of Thomas of WoodFHlock, which daughter
was afterwards married to William Bourchier, called
Earl of Ew. Eut in our memory King Edward the
ſixth honour'd Walter D' Eureux , deſcended by the
Bourchiers from the Bohuns , with the title of ViC
count Hereford, whoſe grandchild by a ſon was after.
wards created Earl of Eſſex by Queen Elizabeth.
This County contains 176 Pariſhes.
ADDITIONS to HEREFORDSHIRE.
[ a] H E County of Hereford being as it were
8 a Frontier in all the wars between the
Engliſh and Welſh, has upon that ac-
count been very remarkable for its
number of Fortes and Caſtles (no fewer than 28. )
the greatelt part whereof have now little to ſhow be-
ſide the name. Our Author obſerves it to be a very
good Corn-Country ; but its preſent peculiar emi-
nence is in Fruits of all forts, which give them an
opportunity particularly of making ſuch vaſt quan- |
tities of Syder, as not only to ſerve their own families,
( for 'tis their general drink ) but alſo to furniſh Lon
don and other parts of England; their Red-/treak
( from a ſort of Apple they call fo) being exrtemely
valud. |
[b] Upon the river Wye, two miles from Here-
Faon, ford, is Eaton-wall, * a Camp containing about thirty
* Aubr.MS. or forty acres. The works of it are ſingle, except a
little on the Weſtſide.
And about two miles from hence, and a mile from
Kencheſter, is Creden bill ; upon which is a very great
Camp and mighty works : the graff here is inwards
as well as outwards ; and the whole contains by eſti.
mation about forty acres.
['c] Near which is Kencheſter , | where about the
year 1649. was found in a wood a great vault, with
tables of plaſter in it. The vault it ſelf was pav'd
with ſtone; and thereabouts were dug up alſo
many pieces of Roman Coins , with large Bones,
leaden Pipes , ſeveral Roman Urns with aſhes in
them, and other veilels, the uſe whereof was un-
known.
[d] A little lower ſtands its daughter Hereford, in
Kencheſter.
+ blome.
Hereford.
great tower in the inner ward. As to the building
of it, the ſ1me Leland has left us what'tradition was
on foot in his time, without taking any notice of
our Authar's Earl Mzrlo. Some think ( ſays he ) that
Heraldus . yan thu Caſtle, after that be had conquer'd the
rebellion of the Welſhmen in King Edward the Confeſſor's
time. Some think that the Lacies Earls of Hereford were
the great makers of it, and the Bohuns Earls of Here-
ford.
[f ] The City is pretty large, and numbred once
fix Pariſh Churches ; but two of theſe weredemolilhr
in the late Civil wars. It is governd by a Mayor
and ſix Aldermen, a Recorder, &c. and has an Ho-
ſpital liberally endow'd for the maintenance cf 12
poor people, || which had like to have = to ruin, |5
had nor the care of William Gregory Elq; and Mr.
q:
Humphrey Diggs prevented it. ,
[8] Above the City of Hereford, in the Pariſh
Oftorius Scapula, who commanded in thoſe parts; un-
leſs it appear to have ſome particular relation to the
Shell-fiſh of chat name.
[h] About the borders between Shropſhire and
J |
[en
four,
terwards crowned King of England: Affteer this iy
of Dinder, * is a Roman Camp call'd Oyſer-bil Fe
which name may perhaps retain ſome veſtigia of *
this County, near Lanterdin, | is a perfe&t Roman 14
Camp call'd Brandon, very I ſituated gut
for Aquation by reaſon of the nearneſs of the river
Teme. It isa ſingle ſquare work with four ports. And
about half a mile from hence, on the other ſide of
the river, was the Britiſh Camp, now cover'd with
great Oaks , call'd Coxall. The curious Antiquary
Mr. 7obn Aubrey did obſerve in ſome old Deeds of
| dIr Edward Harley's ( of Brampton-Bryan-caſtle hard
which name our Author would find ſome remains of | by ) that it is written Coxwall, not Coxall or Coxhall ;
the old Ariconium, whereas it is of a pure Saxon ori-
ginal, implying no more than a ford of the army :
nor ought the vulgar's pronouncing it Hariford be of
* Seth» any weight, when it appears by * our moſt ancient
Glollary, Annals that ic was conſtantly written hepefons.
nn yore? Which interpretation doth alſo ſuic che ſituation
wherein us of the place exceeding weil : the Severn being
mention'd. for many hundreds of years the frontier between
two Nations almoſt always at war.
(e] Leland + has told us that the Caſtle by the
ruins appear'd to have been one of the faireſt, largeſt,
and ſtrongeſt in all England. The walls were high,
+ Irincrar.
ls.
lo that the place ſeems to have had the latter part of
its name from this valum or wall, in like manner as
the Wall in Wiltſhire, Walton in Surrey, Eaten's-wal!,
and Walford under Brandon.
A quarter of a mile from Brandon, || there are two |
barrows : one of them was caus'd to be digg d by v1
Edward Harley in the year 1662. wherein they met
with a great deal of coals and ſome pieces of burnt
bones. But in the middl2 they found an Un
about two foot and a half high, full of coal: and
alhes. with ſome pieces of burnt bones.
[1] Not far from hence is R:ichards-caf!e,
* which 8*
firm, and full of great rowers; and where the river
was not a ſufficient detence tor it, there it was ſtrong:
ly ditch d. It had two wards, each of them fur- |
rounded with water : the dungeon was high and ex-{ [k| More to the South, is Caf le-park +, wherein * 4.
ceeding well fortify'd, having in the outward walior |is a large Camp with two great ditches, cali'd tt:
waid ten towers of a {emici: cular figure, and one | Ambry: trom it there is a very lovely reſpect ri) And
|} An
ſtands on the top of a very rocky hill, well wooded ; «1.;
but even in Leland's time the walls and towers ot ts
were going to decay.
HEREFORDSHIRE.
s [1] And then upon the river, Lemſter, where (|| ac-
> cording to tradition) the King Merwald or Merwalſh
( mention'd by our Author) and ſome of his Succeſ-
ſors had a Caſtle or Palace on a hill-ſide by che crown;
the place ( lays Leland ) « now calfd Comtor-caſtle,
and there are to be ſeem tokens of ditches where buildings
bave been.
'm ] Berween Sutton and Hereford , in a common
meadow call'd the Wergins , were plac'd two large
{tones for a water-mark ; the one erected upright,
= 2nd the other laid athwart. In the late Civil wars,
about the year 1652. they were remov'd to about
ewelve ſcore paces diſtance, and no body knew how;
which gave occaſion to a common opinion, Thar
they were carry'd thither by the Devil. When they
were ſet in their places again, one of them required
nine yoke of oxen todraw it.
us {n] Below Hereford , is Brockhampton, * near
- which on Capellar-bill there is a very large ſquariſh
Camp call'd Wobury. Ir is double-trench'd and near
half a mile long ; tho' 'tis but narrow.
[0] Not far from Lidbury is Colwal, near which
upon the Waſte, as a Countryman was digging a
dicch about his Cottage, he found a Crown or Coronet
of gold, with gems ſet deep in it. It was of a ſize
large enough to be drawn over the arm,fleeve and all.
Firſt it was fold to a Goldſmith in Gloceſter for 37 /.
aſterwards by him to a Jeweller in Lombard-ſtreet
for 250 1. by whom (as a Goldſmith in Lombard.
{treer reported) the ſtones were ſold for 1500 1.
| Þ In the South limit of
( in the Pariſh of Whicchurch) a pretty high hill,on
the top whereof one would gueſs by the ditches there
had been an ancient forcitication ; and what makes ic
more probable, in digging there for Iron-ore and
Lime-ſtone, broad Arrow-heads have been found of
late years; and not along ago , the greateſt part of
che bones of a Gigantick perſon were found here in-
terr'd in a pw that ſeem'd to be arch'd over.-- The
length of all the joints were twice the length of others
of this age. Captain Scudemore of Kentchurch had
the skull, and Mr. White of the New-wear near the
place, had che remaining bones , and gave them to a
Chirurgeon in Briſtol.
Continuation of the V ISCOUNTS,
Since this title came into the
by Pains wh that name, ic has
Roberts, both Earls of Leiceſter. But upon the dea
of the latter (who was alſo the laft Earl of -—
family ) Sir Walter D'exreux ſucceeded in the title of
Viſcount Hereford. Afffeer him it was enjoy'd by his
family of D'Eureux
been poſſeſſed by ewo
fon and grandſon (both Leiceſters
|prefene gives this title to Edward
) and the place ar
of that name,
this County is Doward Poward.
NELLA LB 8 SAD 5 ACID AG, BEST, I
& 3) ES IT IEA OY ARR RPE THY Act AC ADE EE LDP cy 1g
"#4
_—
"Pot ? . . = rr Piet v9 gt... a eek
_— — YO EII -
OC E_ Mi ww — ———_ ——_—— — — ——_— = __s —
"Y — - —_— —cO_—__
— — - Iwo — ---—— —qm—_—_— eee ee li Ros
STLURES
FW)
The following LETTER I recciv'd from Mr. Lhwyd, along with his Tranſlation
of the Welſh Counties, and his Addirions to them, As it contains the metho(]
he has obſerv'd, with ſome general Rules relating rg the Orthography and Pro.
nunciation of the Welſh Tongue, it will be for the Reader's advantage to have
ir entice.
SIR,
Have herewith ſent you the Tranſlation of that part of the Britannia that relates to Wales ; together with
ſome Annotations on each County. I was always ſenſible there were ſeveral perſons better qualified for 1/15
tack than my ſelf ; and therefore ( as you know ) for ſome months decln'd tbe undertaking. But finding of -
terwards, that thoſe Gentlemen who were fiteit for it, could not have leiſure to attend is ; I thougbt it buter
( with the aſſiſtance and advice of Friends ) to offer my be#t endeavours, than to leave ut wholly ro the mus
nagement of ſome perſoh leſi acquainted with the [,anguage and Country. Thus having not enter d upon this
Province, till ſuch as were more capable had declm'd it, as mconſiſtemt with their private occaſions ; 1 hope what fau!:,
I bave committed in the performance, may be ſomething more excuſable.
In the Tranſlation, I have, without favour or prejudice, endeavour'd to retam the ſenſe of the Author : but whereas
I have ſometimes differ'd im writing the Welſh names of Perſons and Places ; I preſum'd few Readers would [crup/:
to allow me that liberty. Nor can it derogate any thing from our excellem Author's charatter ; that @ nairoe of that
country ſhould pretend to a more comprebenſroue knowledge of the Britiſh than himſelf. However m thu caſe, as 1
have not wholly written the Welſh words according to the Eng Cuſtom 5 ſo neither bawe 1 kept ſiris!ly to the com-
mon method of writing Welſh ; but hare us d a more general Alphaber, whereby ſuch as are mndcquainted with that
Language will pronownce the words much truer 3 and they that underſtand ut will find no occaſion of miſt akes. Fer
example, in regard the letter C. in the Welſh and Iriſh, u« before all Vowels pronounced like K. ( as Cilcen is read
Kilken, ) but in every other language, obtams that Pronunciation only before a. O. and u. I have in ſuch words as are
purely Welſh ſubſtituted K. for u ; m the pronunciation whereof, all Languages agree. Nor can the Criticks in the
Weliſh call this an Inovation, the Letter K. being common in ancient MSS. thoug h never uſed in printed Books. |
have alſo for the like reaſons taken the ſame liberty im writing V for F, and F for Ff, Lh for Ll, and Dh for Dd.
And whereas the word Lhan in the names of Churches 1s commonly joynd with that which follows; as Lhanclian,
Lhanieſtin, &c. 1 rhought it better Orthography to ſeparate it ; writing Lhan Elian, which ſignifies St. Flian's
Church ; and Lhan leſtin, z. e. St. Juſtin's. As for the Annotations I bave added at the end of each County, ſuch
as have the Letters of diretlion prefix'd, are Notes on thoſe places they refer to in the Text, with occaſional Additions,
nd whereas in ſome Counties I bad Notes to add which did not refer at all ts any part of the Text; I have inſerted
them after the Annotations, with this mark | prefixt. What I have added, are generally obſervations of my own ;
und where they are not ſo, I have taken care to inform the Reader. I find upon peruſal of Cornwall and thoſe other
Counties you lately ſent me, that the additional Notes on the Engliſh Counties are much more compleat than theſe,
and ſomewhat in a different method. But my task was too large to be well perform'd by one hand, except more ume
had been allow'd. And bawing receiv'd no pattern for 1muation, but only ſome general Inſtru&:ons, I knew not how
far I might enlarge ; and to have jump'd into the ſame method, mu#t have been a great accident. However, | find
9”. eva w not wery material : nor us it of any great moment, what method we uſe in Annetations, ſo we take
cart to add nothing but what may ſeem, to the be#ft of our apprehenſion, pertinent and inſtruttrue. What faults you
find m the Orthograpby, I deſire you would be pleas'd to corre ; and alſo m the Phraſe, where you ſuppoſe it convent»
ent. And where we diſagree in the ſenſe, I ſhall upon notice thereof, euher give direftions to alter it, or offer ſome
reaſons to the contrary.
Lan, TR,
Oxford, Sepr. 13.
169 4
Your obliged Friend and Servant,
EDN LHEF ID
Pronunciation of the W E L. SH.
Ch is pronounced as the Engliſh Gh amongſt the Vulgar in the North, but more roughly.
Dh as Th in the words The, That, &c.
G as the Engliſh G in the words Gazn, Gift, &c.
T as in Engliſh, in the words Win, Kin ; but never as in Wind, Kind, &Cc.
Lh is only a ſibilating L, and is pronounc'd in reſpect of L as Th with reference to T.
U as the Engliſh I in the words Limb, Him, &Cc.
W ts always a Vowel, and pronounced like the Engliſh os.
Y as ] in the Engliſh words Third, Bird ; O in Honey, Money ; U in Mud, MuFft, &C.
AY the other Letters are pronounc'd as in Engliſh, and never alter their pronunciation.
* denotes a long Vowel ; as Min is pronounced like the Engliſh word Mane.
' ſhews only the Accent in ſhort Vowels.
with
this
,
Eller
Mae
this
aul:s
ereas
rup/e
that
as 1
C6171»
that
For
read
DA.
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| ſuch
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WOODS Oo Ten.
_— CS 2 rn OE ee rs on. wot "nr eames oo ns — 1 ens when + gs egy ern rg Serge Ioormny 25 60 in he. Yer tn ne te er ene eee ere one enen mee mrngy
-
By
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| EHE IRISH
30
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Wen, 4. 2
ve
Penkimas P*
Was
, of
£7" £oud:
Fd.
Stok «holmu T.
Cngiish Miles
X1II\ AM. of Time
P: os Strop
þ /
DARN SH UN,
Ns BD I
"4 % = %
* 4b i LR
| | b al 6 T | C .
NI ErnY 5 tobe Lag
O ij
Cw. 4
- <p yildyt F.
YVYNNOCk HUN *
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4 Calljoe .
+ D. from Lond.
<> LAT 14
£2
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vw -
RADNORSHIRE
RADNORSHIRE.
N the north-weſt of Herefordſhire lies
Radnorſhire, in Britiſh Sir VaesYwed ;
of a triangular form, aud gradually
more narrow where ir is extended
weſtward. On the ſouth the 1iver
Wye divides ir from Brecknock, and
on the north-pare lies Mongomeryſhire. The ealt-
ern and ſouthern parts are well cultivated ; but elſe-
where 'tis fo uneven with mountains, that it can
hardly be manured ; tho' well-ftored with woods,
and water'd with rivulets, and in fome places ſtand-
ing lakes.
Towards the eaſt, it hath ( beſides other Caſtles of
the Lords Marchers, now almolt all bury'd in their
own ruins) Caftelb pars to adorn it, which was built
and fo called by Pain a Norman ; and Caftelh Colwen,
which (if I miſtake not ) was tormerly call'd Maud-
Caſtle m Colwent, For there was a Caſtle of that
name much noted, whereot Robert de Todney, a ve-
ry eminent perſon, was Governour in the time of
Edward 2. lt is thought to have belong'd before to
the Breoſes Lords of Brecknock, and to have receiv'd
that name from Maud of St. VYaleric, a t malapert
woman, wite of William Breos, who rebell'd againſt
"King John. This Caftle being demoliſh'd by the
Welſh, was rebuilt of ſtone by King Henry 3. in
the year 1231. But of greateſt note 1s Radnor, the
chict crown of the County, call'd in Britiſh Aaesy wed,
fair built, but with thatch'd houſes, as is the manner
of that country. Formerly *twas well fenc'd with
walls and a Caſtle, but being by that rebellious Owes
what abated by
channel diſcontinued, ir ſuddenly falls headlong ove:
a ſteep precipice.
Rhaiadr Giry, which implies as much as the Cara-
ract or fall of the river Wye | c]. And I know not
whether the Engliſh might nut from that word
Rbaiadr impoſe the name of Radncr firſt on the
By this Catara# there was a Calile, which, as we
South-Wales in the reign of King Richard the firſt.
Near this place there is a vaſt Wilderneſs, diſmal to
behold by reaſon of many crooked ways and high
mountains : into which, as a ſafe place of r<fuge,
that bane of his native Country, King Vortigern
( whoſe very memory the Britains curſe ) withdrew
the rocks © meets wich, and it's
Whence che place is call'd
Rh1iadc
WY.
-
County, and afterwards on the chief cown therein.
| find it recorded, was repair'd by RLys Prince of
Vantiger::.
himſelf, when he had a: laſt ſeriouſly repented of
his abominable wickednels, in calling in the Engliſh-
Saxons, and inceſtuouſly marrying his own daugh-
ter. But God's vengeance purſuing him, he was
confumed by Lightning, togeeher wich his City Kaer-
| Gwortigern, Which he had built for his refuge. Nor
was it far from hence ( as if the place were fatal )
that not only this Vortigern the lait Briciſh Monarch
; of the race of the Bricains ; but alſo Lhewelyn the la:
' Prince of Wales of the Briciſh line, being berray'd in
, the year of our Lord 1282. ended his life. From
| this Vortigern, Ninnius calls that ſmall region Gwor-
| tiger mawr, nor is the name yer loſt ; but of the city
| there is not any memorial, but what we have from
; Authors. Some are of opinion that the Caſtle of
Lhewelyn.
*. Glyn Dowrdwy laid in aſhes, it decay'd daily ; as well | Gwthrenion aroſe out of the ruins of ic ; which the Guertbry-
wr as Old Radnor ( calld by the Britains Maesyved hen,
and from it's high ſituation Pencraig) which had been
burnt by Rhys ap Gruftydh, in the reign of King
John. If I ſhould ſay this Maesyved is that city Ma-
go: which Antoninus ſeems to call Magzes, where (as
we read in the Notitie Provmciarum ) the Comman-
der of the Pacenfian regiment lay in garifon under
the Lieurenant of Britain, in the reign of Theodoſius
the younger; in my own judgment ( and perhaps
Welſhmen for their hatred to Roger Mortimer, laid
even with the ground An. 1201. This part of the Coun-
try hath been alſo calld Gwarth Ennion, as we are in-
| form'd by Ninnius ; who writes, that che foremen-
tion'd Vortigern, when he was publickly and ſharp-
ly reproved by St. German, did not only perſiſt in
his obſtinacy and wicked practices, but alſo caſt
falſe and malicious reproaches on that godly Saint.
Wherefore ( faith Ninnius ) Vortimer the ſon of Vortigern
Nun.
others may entertain the fame thoughts) I ſhould | ordain'd that the Land where the Biſhop had receiv/d ſo Guarth in
not be much miſtaken. * For we find that che Wruers
of the middle age call the inhabitants of this Country
| great an indignity, ſhou!d be bis own for ever. Upon
| which, and in memory of St. German, it bas been call'd
Briryh Ca-
lammny; and
Eniaws
wx. Mageſete, and alſo mention Comires Maſege:enſes and | Gwarth Enian, which in Engliſh ſignifies a flander juſtly ”"
Mageſerenſes: and the diltance from Gobannmm or
fiber Gawvenni, as allo from Rrangonium or Worceſter,
differs very little from Antonine's computation. | Wite of Rich. 1. Duke of Normandy ; were the firſt March.
n About three miles to the ealt of Radnor, lies Preſtean,
L,
5% Radnor.
in Britiſh Lhan Andras, or St. Andrews ; Which trom
' requited.
| The Mortimers deſcended from the Niece of Gonora
of the Normans, who, having overcome Earic* Sylwa-
t1cus a Saxon, gain'd a conſiderable part of this ſmall
Fa 6 f f
Gamer.
I. ur. C. 10.
® [[e21/4 or
a ſmall village, in the memory of our grandfachers, is Territory. And having continued tor a long time ***
now, by the favour and encouragement of Martin
Lord Biſhop of St. David's, become fo eminent a
market town, that it does in fome meaſure eclipſe
Scarce four miles hence, lies Knighton
( which may vye with Preſtean ) call'd by the Bri-
tains, as I am inform'd, Trebuclo for TrevyMawdb,
Le. from the dike that lies under ic, which was caſt up
4 {+
north, call'd by the natives Melicny4b, from the yel-
7
with great labour and induſtry by Offa the Mercian,
a> a boundary between his Subjects and the Britains ;
t om the mouth of Dee, to that of the river Wye,
for the ſpace of about 9o miles: whence the Britains
have calld it K/2wdb Offa or Offa's Dyke. Concern-
mg which, Tcannes Saruburienſis, in his Polycraticon
faith, that Harald eſtebliſh'd a Law, that whatever
Wc! \hmaen ſhould be found arm'd on thus ſide the lamit be
bad ſet them, to wit, Offa's Dike, bs right hand ſhould
be cut off by the King's officers | a.
All the land beyond this, towards the weſt and
lowiſh mountains, is for the moſt part a barren and
hungry ſoil. Which notwithſtanding ſhews the ru-
ns of dive's Caſtles, bur eſpzcially of Kevn Lhys, and
"n:. Tinbod ftanding | on the ſummir of a cop'd hill, and
Was deroy'd by Lhewelyn P:iince of Wales in the
ear 12/0. This Country of 14/temydb reaches to
tt: river Eye { b], which croiſes the weſtern angle
ct the County ; and having it's rapid courſe ſome-
the leading-men of the County, at length Roger Mor-
timer [ord of Wigmore was created Earl of March by
Edw. 3. about 1328. who ſoon after was ſentenced to
. death, having been accuſed of infolence to the State,
of tavouring the Scots to the prejudice of England,
| of converſing over-familiarly with the King's mo-
| ther; and contriving the death of his father King
| Edward 2. He had by his wife Fane Jenrewrl, (who LO
In: 2ny.
brought him large revenues as well in Ireland as ;
2) Ed. 3.
| England) a fon call'd Edmund, who fuffer'd tor his
| father's crimes, and was depriv'd bo:n of his inheri-
| tance and the title of Earl, Burt his fon Roger was
received into favour, and had not only the title of
' Earl of March reftored, but was aifo created Knight
| of the Garter ar the firſt inſtitution oi that noble
| Order. This Roper married Ph:/ipps dountague, by
| whom he had Edmund | 21 of March, who marry'd
| Philippa the only daughter of Leoze! Duke of Cla-
| rence, the third fon of Xing Edward 4. whereby he
' obtained the Earldom ot Uliter in Ireiand, and the
| Lordſhip of Clare. Afffrer his deceale in Ireland,
' where he had govein'd with gencral app'auſe, bis
fon Roger ſucceeded, bing both Fail of March and
Ulſter; whom King Ricnard detign'd kis tuccefior
to the crown, as being in rizht of his mother the
next heir : but he dying hetore King Richard, lefe
iſlue Edmund and Anze. Ning Henry 4. { who had
| uit rpd
0 ULIBICE AG CATS, ef Ire Wes - ate Rr ay TP.
S—_
FTC VAS I
OT — — —— —— ———
CCC TC —_
587
Extent of
Clawdh
Gwy or fy,
what it lig-
niteth.
uſurp'd the Government ) ſuſpeing
tereſt and Title to the Crown, expoled him to ma-
ny hazards; infomuch that being takenby the Rebel
Owen Glyn-Dwr , he died of grief and diſcontent,
leaving his ſiſter Ame to inherit. She was married
to Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cambridge , whoſe
ing Edmund's In-
March, and laid claim to the Crown ;
the end (as we ſhall ſhew elſewhere ) they obtain
and Edward the fourth's eldeſt fon, who was
Poſtericy in her right became afterwards Earls of it ſeparately, that I know of.
« It was conferr'd upon John Roberts, Lord Roberts of Truro, 23 Jul. 1679.
In this County are 52 Pariſhes.
— — - 2 — OECD oe nem > _ — - ————
ADDITIONS to RADNORSAIRE.
Clawdh Offa, the tracing whereof gives
us the exact bounds of the Britains and
Saxons. It may be ſeen on Brachy-bill , and near
RYbd ar Helig , and Lanterden in Hereford{hire :
and is continued Northwards trom Knightow, over
a part of Shropſhire into Mongomerylhire ; and
may be traced over the long Mountain call'd in
Wellh Kevn Digolh, to Harden caftle , crols the Se-
vern and L han Drinio-Common. From whence it
paſſes the Vyrnwy again into Shropſhice,not far from
Oſwaiditry, where there is alſo a ſmall village calld
Trevyrclawdh. In Denbighſhire 'tis viſible along
the road berween Rhywabon and Wrexham ; fiom
whence being continued through Flintſhire, it ends
a little below Holywell, where that water falls into
Dee, at a place formerly the lice of the caſtle of Baſing-
[a] H E firſt place of conſiderable Antiqui-
l ty we meet with in this Country 15
werk. This limit ſeems not afterwards well main- '
rain'd by the Engliſh : for although we find that the
Britiſh tongue decreaſes daily on the borders of
Wales ; yet not only that language, bur alſo the an-
cient Britiſh cuſtoms and names of men and places
remain ſtill for ſome ſpace on the Engliſh ſide, al-
moſt the whole length of it.
[ b] The word Gwy or Hy, though it be here the
name of a river, ſeems to have been anciently an ap-
pellative word either for r:wver or water. For although
it be not uſ:d at preſent in that ſenſe, nor yet pre-
ſerv'd in any Gloiſary, or other Books ; yer I find it
in the termination of the names of many of our
rivers ; ex. gr. Lhugwy, Dowrdwy, y Vyrnwy, Ed-
wy, Conwy, Elwy, Hondhwy, Mynwy, Mowdh-
wy, Tawy, Towy, &c. Now that this final ſylla-
ble | wy] in theſe names of rivers, is the ſame with
gwy, leems more than probable ; in that we find
the river Towy calld in the Book of Landaffe
T iugui ab hoſjtio Taratir ſuper ripam Gut, uſque ad
ripam Tiugnt, &c. and alſo the river Elwy call'd Elgus.
And that gwy or wy lignitied water, ſeems alſo con- |
firn'd from the names of ſome aquatick animals, as
This being grant- |
Gwyach, Giach, erg alias otog, &c.
Church ; for that a piece of ground adjoyning is
call'd Klyrriew'r Eghwys.
q On the top of a hill, call'd Gwaſftedin near
Rhaiadr Gwy, there are three large heaps of ſtones,
of that kind which are common upon mountains ,
in moſt (it not all) Countiesoi Wales, and are call 'd
in South-wales Karnez, and in North-wales Karned- **
beu. They conſfilt of any ſuch leſſer ſtones from a
pound weight to a hundred &c. as the neighbouring
places afford ; and are confuiedly piled up without
any farther trouble than the bringing them thither,
and the throwing of them in heaps. On Plim Lhim-
mon mountain, and ſome other places , there are of
theſe Karnedbeu lo conſiderably big, that they may be
ſuppoſed to conſiſt of no lefs than a hundred Cart-
loads of ſtones; but generally conſider'd, they args
much leſs. They are alſo found in the North, and
probably other parts of England ; and are frequent
in Scotland and Ireland , being call'd there by the
lame Biitith name of Kairn : whereof I can give no
other account to the curious Reader, than that it is
| a primitive word, and appropriated to fignifie ſuch
heaps of ſtones. That moſt of theſe Karzedbeu (not
to ſay all) were intended as memorials of the dead,
| am induced to believe, for that I have my ſelf ob-
ſerved near the ſummit of one of them , a rude ſtone
monument (which I ſhall have occaſion to prove Se-
pulchral hereafter) ſomewhat of the form of a large
Coffer or Cheſt; and have receiv'd unqueſtionable
intormation of two more ſuch monuments, found
of late years in the like places. But what removes
all ſcruple, and puts this queſtion beyond farther de-
bate, is that *cis ſtill che cuſtom in ſeveral places, to
calt heaps of ſtones on the Graves of Malefactors and
Selt-murderers. And hence perhaps it is, ſince we
can afiign no other reafon, that the worſt of Tray-
tors are calld Karn-Vradwyr , the moſt notorious
Thieves Karn-Lhbadron, &c, That this was alfo the
cuſtom amongſt the Romans , appears from that
Epitaph aſcrib'd to Virgil, on the infamous Robber
Baliſta :
Monte ſub hoc Iapidum tegitur Baliſta ſepulrus,
"Rs
which in Ser nh,
—-
4
[
Prince end i
' of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, &c. had alſo conferrg =
'on him as an additional bonowr the title of Earl of
' March. As for the title of Radnor *,no man ever bo:e
ed, we may be able to interpret the names of ſeveral |
rivers which have hicherto remain'd unintelligible : |
as Lhugwy, clear water; from lhug , which henifies | :
light or brightneſs: Dowrdwy, Loud water, from Dwradb, | But that it was nevertheleſs uſual among the Britains,
noiſe: Edwy, a ſwift or rapid ſtream ; from Ebed, to | before they were known to the Romans , ſeems evi-
-McC. | dent, for that they are common alſo in the High
[C] As for Rbaiadr Gw4y ſeveral places in Wales are | lands of Scotland, and in Ireland, where their Con-
thus denominated; all which have cataracts near |; queſts never reach'd.
them : and the word is ſtill uſed appellatively among | Now it it be demanded whether Malefacors only,
Node, die, tutum carpe, viator, titer.
the mountains of Szowdon in Caernarvonſhire, where
ſuch falls of water are very frequent. Rhaiadar caſtle
(whereof not the leaſt ruins are now remaining) was
' were thus ſerv'd in ancient times; or whether other
perſons indifferently had nor ſuch heaps of ſtones
erected ro them, as Sepulchral monuments : I an-
(wer, that before Chriſtianicy was introduced, men
of the beſt quality ſczem to have had ſuch Funeral
Piles : and ſuch I take to have bzen the largeſt ol
them,choſe eſpecially that have the monuments above
mentioned within them. Bur ſince che planting of
Chriſtianity. they became ſo dete{table and appro-
priated ro Maletactors, that ſometimes the moſt pat-
very advantageouſly fituated in a nook of the river,
clole by this Cataract. But what feems very re-
markable, is a deep trench on one lide of the Caſtle-
yaid, cut our of an exceeding hard and folid rock.
About ewo furlongs below this place where the caſtle |
ſtood, I obſerv'd a large Tumulws or Barrow , call'd
from a Chapel adjoyning, Tommen than St. Fred : and. {
on the other tide, at a farther diſtance, there are two | fionate wiſhes a man can exprels to his enemy is, 1bar £0
B.:rows or MOre, much lefs than the former, call'd Krigeu Kewn | a Karn be bu monument ; and ( as we have already
age ta Keido, Viz. the Barrows of Kevn Keido, a place (o |obſerv'd ) the molt notorious and profligate Crimi”
« Calld; where 'tis ſuppos'd there ſtood heretofore a | nals are diſtinguith'd by that word.
Kr ig: K.
0
4
BRECK-
guts
CY WW 5 YD wr WF F=
Ka
4 5b
BRECKNOCKSHIRE.
— —— — ——— _ ___—__—
N the South of Radnor lies Brecknock-
ſhire, in Briciſh Brycheinog, fo call'd, as
the Welſh ſuppoſe, from Prince * Bre-
chanizs, who is ſaid to have had a nu-
merous and holy Off-fpring, to wit,
ewenty four daughters, all Saints. This
is conſiderably a larger County than Radnorſbire , but
more mountainous, tho' in many places 'tis adorn'd
with fruitful and pleaſant vales. It is bounded on
the Eaſt with Hereford, on the South with Monmouth
and Glamorgan, and on the Weſt with Caermardbin-
ſhire. But ſince nothing can be added in the deſcti-
bing of this ſmall Province, to what the induſtrious
Giraldus Cambrenſis hath already written, (who was
Arch-Deacon hereof four hundred years fince) I may
do well for ſome time to be ſilent , and call him to
my afliſtance.
Brechinjauc ( ſaith he in his Itinerary of Wales )
« 8 Land ſufficiently abounding with corn, whereof if there
be any defett, 'tu amply ſupply'd from the borders of Eng-
land ; and uw well ftor'd with Woods, Paſtures, wild Deer,
and herds of Cattel. It bath alſo plenty of River-fiſh from
Uk and Wy, both abounding with Salmon and Trout, but
the Wy with a better ſort cal'd Umbraz. I s incloſed
on al parts, except the North, with high mountains: ba-
ving on the Weſt the mountains of Cantre-bychan ; and
towards the South, the Southern-hills, whereof the chiefe#}
x call d Kader Arthur, or Arthur's Chair ; from two
peaks on the top of it, ſomewhat reſembling a Chair. Which
m regard "tu a lofty ſeat, and a place of ſtrength, is aſcri-
bed in the vulgar appellation of it, to Arthur the mo#t
puiſſant and abſolute Monarch of the Britains. A fountain
ſprings on the wery top of this bill; which is as deep as a
draw-well , and four ſquare , affording Trouts , tho'
no water runs out of it. Being thus guarded on the South
with bigh mountams, "tis defended from the heat of the
Sun with cool briezes ; which by an innate ſalubrity of air,
renders the Country exceeding temperate. On the Eaſt it
bath the mountains of Talgarth and Ewias.
On the North (as he faith) 'tis a more open and
champain Country ; where 'tis divided from Read-
BRECKNOCKSHIRE.
ence of the two rivers, Hndhy and U;k. That it
| was inhabited in the time of the Romans, is evident
from ſeveral coyns of their Emperours , ſometimes
found there. Bernard Newmarch , who conquered
this ſmall County, built here a ſtately Caſtle, which
the Breoſes and Bobuns afterward repaired ; and in
our Fathers memory, King Henry the eighth con-
{ticuted a Collegiate Church of 14 Prebendaries (in
the Priory of the Dominicans) which he tranſlated
thither from Aber-Gwily in Caer-mardbinſhire.
Two miles to the Eaſt of Brecknock, is a large
Lhyn Savadban : Giraldus calls it Clamoſum, from the
terrible noiſe it makes, like a clap of thunder, at the
cracking of the Ice.
mere : it is tWo miles long,and near the ſame breadth,
well ſtored wich Orters, and alſo Perches, Tenches
and Eels, which the Fiſhermen take in their Coracls.
Lheweni, a {mall river, having entei'd this Lake, (till
retains its own colour, and as it were dildaining a
mixture, 1s thought to carry out no more, nor other
water than what it brought in. Ir hath bzen an an-
cient tradition in this neighbourhood , that where
the Lake is now, there was formerly a City, which
being ſwallow'd up by an Earthquake , reſign'd its
place to the waters [d]. And to confirm this, they
alledge (beſides other arguments) that all the high-
ways of chis County tend to this Lake. Which if
crue, what other City may we ſuppoſe on the river
Lheweny, but Loventium, placed by Ptolemy in this
tract ; which tho' I have diligently ſearch'd for, yer
there appears no where any remains of the name,
ruins, or ſituation of it. Marianus ( which I had
ter'd the Land of the Britains Anno 913. m order to re-
duce a caſtle at Bricenaumere ; and that ſhe there took
the Queen of the Britains priſoner. Whether that caſtle
were Brecknock it ſelf,or Catelb Dinas on a ſteep taper-
manifeſt from the Records of the Tower, that the
norſhire by the civer Wy : upon which there are two
towns of noted antiquity, Bialht [ a] and Hay. Baalhr
s a town pleaſantly ſeated, with woods about it, and
fortified with a caſtle ; but of a later building by the
Breoſes and Mortimers , when as Rhys ap Gryffydb had
demoliſhed the old one. At preſent tis noted for a
good market ; but formerly it ſeems to have been a
place very eminent : for Ptolemy obſerves the Lon- |
—
= gitude and Latitude of it, and calls it Buleum Silu |
rm [b]. From this town the neighbouring part (a |
mountainous and rocky Country ) is call'd Bualbt ,
into which upon the Incurſion of the Saxons, King
Vortigern retir'd. And there alſo by the permiſſion
of Aurelius Ambroſius, his fon Paſcentiws govern'd ;
as we are inform'd by Ninnius , whoin his Chapter
of Wonders , relates I know not what prodigious ſto-
of a heap of ſtones here, wherein might be ſeen
the footſteps of King Arthur's Hound. Hay, in Bri-
tiſh Tregelbs (which in Engliſh we may render Haſe-
ley or Haſleton) lyes on the bank of the river //y,upon
the borders of Herefordſhire : a place which ſeemsto
have been well known to the Romans, ſince we often
. find their coyns there, and ſome ruins of walls are
{till remaining. But now being almoſt totally decay'd,
It complains of the outrages of that profligate Rebel
Owen Glyn-Dowrdwy, who in his march through theſe
Countries, conſum'd it with fire [c].
As the river Wy watereth the Northern part of
this County, ſo the Usk , a noble river , takes its
courſe through the midſt of ic [d] , which falling
eadlong from the Black-mountain, and forcing a deep
=. Chanel, paſſes by Brecknock the chief rown of the |
nty, placed almoſt in the Center thereof. This
-v town the Britains call Aber- Hondby, from the conflu-
es.
neighbouring caſtle of Blaen Lheveny , was the chief
place of that Barony which was the poſleflion of
Peter Fitz,- Herbert, the fon of Herbert Lord of Dean-
foreſt, by Lucy the daughter of Miles Earl of He-
reford [ e].
In the reign of William Rufus, Bernard Newmarch
the Norman, a man of undaunted courage, and great
policy, having levied a conſiderable Army both of
Engliſh and Normans , was the firſt that attempted
the reducing of this Country. And having at length,
after a tedious war, extorted it from the Welſh , he
built Forts therein, and gave poſleffion of Lands to
his Fellow-ſouldiers ; amongſt whom the chiefelt
were the Awbreys, * Gunters, Haverds, Waldebeofs, and
Prichards. And the better to ſecure himſelf among(t
his enemies the Welſh, he married Net, the daugh-
ter of Prince Gruffydh ; who being a woman ot a
licentious and revengeful temper, at once depriv'd
her ſelf of her own reputation, and her fon cf his
Inheritance. For Mabel the only fon of this Rernard,
having affronted a young Nobleman with whom ſhe
converſed too familiarly ; ſhe ( as the Poet faith )
iram at que animos 4 crimine ſumens, depos'd before King
Henry the ſecond,that her ſon Mahe/ was begorcen in
adultery. Upon which, Mabel being excluded, the
eſtate devolved to his fiſter Siby/, and in her right ro
her husband Miles Earl of Hereford ; whoſe five fons
dying without iſſue, this Country of Brecknock he-
came the Inheritance of Bertha his daughter, who
had by Philip de Breos a ſon, William de Breos, Loid
of Brecknock ; upon whom the ſeditious ſpirit and
* ſhrewd congue of his | wife drew infinite calamiries.
For when ſhe had utrer'd reproachtul language again(t "
King John, the King ſtrictly commanded her hus-
* Roger Gunter, a younger brother of this family, intermarrying with rhe daughter and heir of Thomas Stad:y Elq. 3 Henr. 4. ftiled « Kintgury
or Aencb-2ry in Barkſhire, where the Family (ill remains.
band,
Lake, which the Britains call [.by» Savedban and ,
hyn S2-
vadham.
In Englilh 'cis call'd Brecknock- g:ecknock-
mere.
Loventi-
um.
almoſt forgotten) ſeems to call this place Bricenas- g.;cecau-
mere, who tells us that Edelfleda the Mercian Lady en- nere.
Brecknock-
ing Rock abovethis Lake,remains uncertain ; but it's caltl<-
Blacn Lhr-
veni-caltle.
Lids of
Brecknock-
Calle4 alfo
Braus and
Breus.
Procy X,
||Mariidiz de
Haia.
a OE "IIS
1 9 CAC
——_—
STLURES.
band, who was deep in his debt, to diſcharge it.
Who after frequent demurrings, at laft mortgaged to
the King his three caſtles of Hay , Brecknock, and
Radnor, which yet ſoon after he ay an , putting
the Garriſons to the Sword: he alſo burnt the town
of. Lemſter ; and thus with fire, ſword, and depreda-
tions, continued to annoy the Country , omitting
nothing of the common practice of Rebels. But
upon the approach of the King's forces, he withdrew
into Ireland, where he aſſociated with the King's
enemies : yet pretending a ſubmiſſion, he return'd, and
ſurrender'd himſelf to the King, who had intended
co follow him ; but after many feign'd promiles, he
again raisd new commotions in Wales. At lalt being
compell'd to quit his native country, he died an Exile
in France : but his wife being taken, ſuffer'd the
worſt of mileries ; for ſhe was ſtarv'd in priſon, and
thus did ſevere penance for her ſcurrilous language.
His fon Gzlrs, Biſhop of Hereford, having ( without
regard to his nephew, who was the true heir ) reco. *
ver'd his father's eſtate by permiflion of Kin John
left it to his brother Reginald ; whoſe fon William
was hang'd by Lhewelin Prince of Wales, who had
caught him in adultery with his wife © But by the
dayghters of that William, the Moriimerg Cantelqy;
an huns, Earis of Heretord, enjoy'd plentifu]
fortunes. This country of Brecknock fell to the Bs.
buns, and at length from chem to the Stafford; ; ang
upon the attainder of Edward Stafford Duke of Buck.
ingham, conſiderable revenues were forfeited to the
crown, in this County. | :
This County has 61 Pariſhes.
ADDITIONS to BRECKNOCKSHIRE.
[a] Pon the river ye is Bualht, whereof in
| | the year 1690. a conſiderable part, be-
ing that ſide of the ſtreet next the river
Wye, was by a caſual fire totally conſumed.
[Þ] Whether this town of Bualbr be the ancient
Bullzum, or whether that city or fort ( allowing it
to have been in this County ) was not at a place
call'd Kaerew, ſome miles diſtant from it, may be
queſtion'd. Ar leaſtwiſe 'tis evident there hath been
a Roman fort at Kaereu: for beſides that the name
implies as much ( ſignifying ſ{t:itly the Halls or
Rampine, and was prefix'd by the Britains to the
names of almoſt all Roman towns and caſtles ) they
frequently dig up bricks there, and find other mani-
feit ſigns of a Roman work. 'Tis now only the name
* race. He invaded the lands, burnt and deſtroy'd
* the houſes and eſtates of all thoſe that favour and
* adherd to King Henry, He call'd a Parliament to
* meet at Machynibeth in Montgomerythire : whither
"the Nobility and Gentry of Wales came, in obedi-
" ence to his ſummons; and among them the (aid
| * David Gam, but with an intention to murder Owen,
* The plot being diſcover'd, and he taken before he
* could put it in execution, he was like to have fof.
* fer'd as a Traitar : but interceflion was made for
* him by Owen's beſt friends and the greateſt uphold-
* ers of his cauſe; whom he could not either ho-
© nourably or ſafely deny. Yet notwithſtanding this
* pardon, as foon as he return'd to his own Coun-
"try, Where he was a man of conſiderable intereſ},
of a Gentleman's hauſe ; and not far from it, there | © he exceedingly annoy'd Owes's friends. Not long
is alſo another houſe call'd Caftelben. It it be urg'd | * after, Qwen enter'd the Marches of Wales, deſtroy-
in favour of Buelhr, that it ſeems ſtill to retain its an- | © ing all with fire and ſword ; and having then burnt
cient name, which Ptolemy might render Bimaeuy : | * the houſe of Sir David Gam, 'tis reported he ſpake
it may be anſwer'd, chat Buelhr, which I interpret | * thus to one of his tenants :
Colles boum | Ox-Chff or Oxen- Holt ] was the name of
a ſinall Country here, from whence in all likelihood.
the ancient Bulzwm (if it ſtood in this tract ) was
denominated : but that being totally deſtroy'd, and |
this town becoming afterwards the moſt noted place
of the Country, it might alſo receive its name from
it, as the former had done. But (that I may diſſem-
ble nothing ) ſince the congruity of the names was | word ſeems a derivative from Gwy or #/y, whereof **
the main argument that induc'd our learned Author | the Reader may ſee ſome account in Radnorſhire. At —
to aftign this ſituation to the ancient Bulleum Silurum; | preſent it is not ſignificative in the Britiſh » but is
we ſhall! have occafion of heſitating, if hereafter we | ſtill preſerv'd in che Iriſh tongue, and is their com-
find the ruins of a Roman fort or city in a neighbour- | mon word for water. There were formerly in Bri-
ing Country of the SiJures, the name whereof may | tain —_— Rivers of this name, which may be now
agree with Bnllzum no les than Brelbr. diſtinguiſh'd in England by theſe ſhadows of it, Ex,
[c] Of the famous Owen Glyn-dwr or Glyn-Dowrdwy, | Ox, Ux, Ouſe, E:k, &c. But becauſe ſuch as are
I find the following account in fome notes of the | unacquainted with Etymological Obſervations. may
learned and judicious Antiquary Robert Vaughan of | take this for a groundlels conjecture; that ic is nor
Hengwrt Eſq. * Sir Davidh Gam was wholly devo- | ſuch will appear, - becauſe in Antonine's Itinerary we
"ed to the intereſt of the Duke of Lancaſter ; —_ find Exeter call'd _J{ca Danmoniorum from its ſicuation
* which account it was, that Owen ap Gruftydh | on the river Ex, and alfo a city upon this river Us
* Vychan ( commonly cailld Owen Glyn-Dwvrr ) was | (for the fame reaſon) call'd I{ca Leg. 1!.
© his mortal enemy. This Owen had his education| [d) We find the tradition of Cities being drown'd 5:.:
* ar one of the Inns of Court, and was preferr'd to-| apply'd to many other lakes in Wales ; as Pwlh- 5
* the f-rvice of King Richard 2. whoſe Courifer ( as | Ky»ffg in Glamorganſhire, Lbyn Lhan Lhvech in Kaer- j,..
* Wallingham faith ) he was. Owen being aſſured | mardhinſhire, bymgwyn in Radnorſhire, Lbyy De- i*
" that lis King and Maſter Richard was depoſed and kwyn uchs in Meirionydhſhire, and Lbyn Lhywgklys in ;, is
* murder'd, and withall provoked by ſeveral affronts | Shropſhire. All which I ſuſpe& as fabulaus, and not
* and wrongs dore him by the Lord Grey of Ruthin | worth any farther notice, than as one of thoſe erro-
* lis neighbour , whom King Henry very much | neous traditions of the Vulgar, from which few ( if
* countenanced againſt him ; took arms, and look- | any ) Nations are exempted. It cannot be denied
* ing upon Henry as an Ulurper, caus'd himſelf to | but that in Sicily, the Kingdom of Naples, and ſuch
* be proclaim'd Prince of Zales. And though him- | other Countries as are ſubje to violent earthquakes
* ſelf were def-ended paternally but from a younger , and ſubterrancous fires, ſuch accidents have hapned :
© brotlier of che houſe of Pows, yet (as ambition is | but ſince no Hiſtories inform us that any part C
* ingenious ) he finds out a way to lay claim to the | Britain was ever ſenſible of ſuch calamities; I ke ,
© Princiratity, as deſcended ( by a daughter ) from i no re:fon we have to regard theſe oral traditi: 15.
* Lhewdjn «p Gr:/ 345 the laſt Prince of the Britiſa ' As for Prolemy's Lewentinum of the Dimeae, which
OUT
Brelnt, L
what it (11g-
nafICs. ; y
O gwels di wr coch cam,
Im ymofyn y Gyrnig wen ;
Dywed y bod bi tan y lan,
A nad y glo ar « phen.
The Britiſh name of this river is 35k, which vi
ld
ET AMOR CAN a6
Z H I R E P oynugrat- ,
Sotd by A bel Sale Awnsham Rothe x N
&8 TÞ+ ohn Churchil The Jpat- WV
Cardyfe KL}
10
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IP: OF HEREFORD
udbrok r—_ STTreacle Fo 4 uſt
Es
Toton renytie Chap.
SHIRE
Coldelyff Pomnt-
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The Denny Tfland
&;: | Scale of 5 Ales
PF
wn.
MONMOUTHSH
— — — I—_—__— —— ___ ———
IRE.
re IS
=o
our Author ſuſpeRs to have been ſwallow'd up by
this lake ; I ſhall have occaſion to offer ſome conje-
ures relating thereto in Cardig anſbire.
[e] © Bernard Newmerch having diſcomfired and
* lain in the field Bledbyn ap Maenyrch, ſeifed on the
© Lordſhip of Brecon, and forced his fon and heir
* Gwgan to be content with that ſhare of it he was
* pleas'd by way of compoſition to: appoint him.
© He gave him the Lordſhip and Manours of Lhan
* Vibangel Tal y Lhyn, part of Lhan Lhyeni and Kan-
© trev Selrv, with lodgings in the caſtle of Breck-
*nock ; where, in regard he was the rightful Lord
* of the Country, there was ſuch a ſtrict eye kept
* over him, that he was not permitted at any time
* co go abroad without two or more Norman Knights
* in his company. R. Vaug.
q At a place calld y Gaer near Brecknock ,
there ſtands a remarkable monument in the highway,
commonly call'd Maen xy Morymion, or the Maiden
fone. It is a rude pillar, erected in the midſt of the
road, about ſix foot high, two in breadth, and ſix
inches thick. On the one fide, where it inclines a
little, ic ſhews the portraiures of a man and woman
in ſome ancient habit. Ir ſeems to have been carv'd
with no ſmall labour, though with little art ; for the
Figures are confiderably rais'd above the ſuperficies
of the ſtone, and all that part where they ſtand is
depref'd lower than that above their heads or under
their feet. That *tis very ancient, is unqueſtionable ;
but whether a Britiſh Antiquity, or done by ſome
unskilful Roman Artiſt, I ſhall not pretend to deter-
mine ; but recommend it (together with the tradi-
tion of the neighbours concerning it ) to the farther
diſquiſition of the curious.
ſame height with the former, but ſomewhat of a de-
preſs'd-cylinder form ; with this mutilated Inſcription
to be read downwards.
Ni/RVIMT ILVI VICTORINIE
I ſuppoſe this Inſcription ( notwithſtanding the
name Viforinw ) to have been ſomewhat of a later
date than the time of the Romans ; and that *tis only
a monument of ſome perſon buried there, contain-
ing no more than his own name and his father's ;
N. — filius Vittorms.
But this upon a croſs in the highway at Vaenor pa-
riſh is yet much later; the Inſcription whereof,
though ir be intirely preſerv'd, is to me unintelligi-
ble ; for I dare not rely on a ſlight conjecture I had
at firſt view of ic, that it might be read ; In nomine
Domini Feſu Chriſti, Tilm : Tilams or Teilaw being an
eminent Saint, to whom many Churches in Wales
are conſecrated.
=
————
—__
INNOIMINE cI|FUHIMILUS
In Lhan Hammwlch pariſh there is an ancient mo-
nument commonly call'd 7y IJhtud or St. Itut's Her-
mitage, It ſtands on the top of a hill, not far from
the Church ; and is compoſed of four large ſtones,
ſomewhat of a flat form, altogether rude and unpo-
liſh'd. Three of which are ſo picch'd in the ground,
and the fourth laid on the top for a cover ; that they
make an oblong ſquare Hut, open at the one end ;
about eight foot long, four wide, and near the ſame
height. Having enter'd it, I found the two ſide-
ſtones thus inſcrib'd with variety of croſles.
Tt Xo HS XX >».
I ſuppoſe this Cell, notwithſtanding the croſſes
and the name, to have been erected in the time of
Paganiſm ; for that I have elſewhere obſerv'd ſuch
monuments (to be hereafter mention'd ) placd in
the center of circles of ſtones, ſomewhat like that at
Rojrich in Oxfordſhire. And though there is not at
preſent ſuch a circle about this ; yet I have grounds
ro ſuſpe& they may have been carried off, and ap-
plied to ſome uſe. For there has been one remoy'd
very lately, which ſtood within a few paces of this
Cell, and was call'd Maen Ibrud ; and there are ſome
ſtones ſtill remaining there.
Fames Butler, afterwards Duke of Ormond, was created Earl of Breckzock, Jul. 20. 1560.
—C— ——
ee yn ee
CCC CU
MONMOUTHSHIRE.
H E County of Monmouth, call'd for-
merly Wentſet or Wentſland, and by
the Bricains Gwent ( from an ancient
City of that name) lies ſouthward
of Brecknock and Herefordſhire. On
the north *cis divided from Hereford-
ſhire by the river Mynwy ; on the eaſt from Gloceſter-
ſhire by the river ye; on the weſt from Glamor-
ganſhire by Rhymni; and on the ſouth *tis bounded
by the Severn ſea, into which thoſe rivers, as alſo
Us (that runs through the midſt of this County )
are diſcharged. It affords not only a competent
plenty for the uſe of the inhabitants, but alfo abun-
dantly ſupplies the defedts of the neighbouring Coun-
ties. The eaſt part abounds with paſtures and woods
the weſtern is ſomewhat mountainous and rocky,
though not unſerviceable to the induſtrious husband-
man. The inhabitants ( faith Giraldus, writing of
the time when he liv'd) are @ valiant and courageous
people ; much inured to frequent Skirmiſhes ; and the moſt
skilful archers of all the Welſh borderers.
P p In
At Pentre Tikythrog in Lhan St. e/£red pariſh, there 1c. + ven.
is a ſtone pillar ere&ed in the highway, about the «re Ysky-
throg.
#
595
—_— RRC CCS” Ow _ wn —_——
— - —_—
T4 U
_— ——C——
Ewias.
Lat
*ON",
In theutmoſt
ROKS;
corner of the County Southward,call'd |fubdu'd the Kingdom of France, and reduc'd their
0 OE I Ae A A, A A tA. ts OS - —
— — — — - — —
Ewias,ftands the ancient Abbey of Lantoni, not far j King, Charles the (ixth, to that extremity, thar he
fron: the river Mynw3,amongſt Hatterel-bills;which be- | cid little better than reſign his Title. Upon whole
cauſe they bear ſome reſemblance to/a chair , are | proſperous.Succeſs, Fohn Seward a Poet in thoſe times,
call'd Mynydb Kader [a It was founded by Walter | and none of- the loweſt rank, beſpeaks the Engliſh
Lacy, to whom William Earl of Hereford gave large | Nation in this lofty ſtile :
polſeflions here ; and from whom thoſe Lacies , 10
renown'd among(t the firſt Conquerours: of Ireland,
were deſcended. Giraldus Cambrenſis (to whom it |
was well known) can beſt deſcribe the ſituation of |
this ſmall Abbey. bs tbe lov vale of Ewias (ſaith he) |
which is about an arrow-ſhot over, and enclos d on all fides |
with high mountains, ſtands the Church of Sr. John Bap-
tiſt, cover'd with lead ; and conſidering the ſolitarmeſs
of the place, not unhandſamly buils with an arched roof
of ſtone : in the ſame place where formerly ſtood a ſmall
Chapel of St. David's the Arch- Biſhop,recommended with
10 other Ornaments than green moſs and rvy, A place fit |
Ite per extremum Tanain, pigroſque Triones,
le per arentem Lybiam, {uperate talores
Solu, & arcanos Nils deprendite fontes.
Hereulcum finem, Baccht tranſcurrite metas ;
Ang lt yurs erit quicquid compleitur orbes.
Angle rubra dabunt pretioſas £quora tomehas ,
Indus ebur, ramos Panchata, wellera Seres,
Dum wiget Henricus, dum nofttr wivit Achilles |
Eſt etenim laudes longe tranſgreſſms avit as,
March on, brave:Souls, to'7anas bend your arms,
And rowze thelazy North with juſt alarms.
for true Religion, and the moſt conveniently ſeated for ca- | Beneath the torrid Zone your enemies ſpread ;
Hodney,
al. Hondhi.
® Tis is
contradict-
ed by ſuch
as know
the place.
nonical diſcipline, of any Monaſtery im the Iſland of Bri- |
tain : built firſt ( to the honour of that ſolutary life ) by
two Hermits, in this Deſert , ſufficiently remote from all |
the noiſe of the world, upon the river Hodeni, which glides |
through the midſt of the vale. Whence 'twas call'd Lhan
Make crembling Ni/e diſcloſe ' it's ſecret head.
Surprize the World's great limits with your haſt,
Where nor-Alcides nor old*Bacchas palt.
Let daily triymphs raiſe. you vaſt renown;
The world and all its treafures are your own.
Hodeni ; Lhan ſignifying a Church or Religious place { b },\ X ours are the Pearls that grace the Perſian Sea,
But to ſpeak more accurately, the true name of that place You rich Panchea, India and Catay
in Welſh is Nant Hodeni ; for Nant ſignifies a router : |
whence the Inhabitants call it at this day Lhan-Dhewi yn |
Nant- Hodeni, 4. e. St. David's Church on the river Ho- |
dent. The rains which mountainous places always pro- |
duce, are here ery frequent ; the winds exceeding fierce ,
and the Winters almoſt contmually cloudy. Yet notwith-
ſtanding that groſs air, this place 1s little obnoxious to
diſeaſes. The Monks ſitting here in thetr Cloiſbers, when
they chance to look out for freſh air , have a pleaſing pro-
ect on all hands of exceeding high m5untams, with plen-
tiful herds of wild Deer, feeding aloft at the mrtbeſt li-
mts of their Horizon. The * body of the Sun ſurmounts
not theſe hills, ſo as to be wiſfible to them , till it be paſt
one a clock, even when the arr 1s moſt clear. Anda little
after The fame of this place drew buker Roger Biſhop
of Salisbury prime Miniſter of State ; who baving for ſome
t11;:e admired the ſituition and retired ſolutarineſs of it, and
al'o the contented condition of the Monks,ſerving God with
due reverence ; and their moſt agreeable and brotherly con-
werſation ; being returned to the King, and having ſpent
the bet part of a day m the praiſes of ut, be at laſt thus
concluded his diſconrſe : What ſhall I ſay more! all the
Tierlure of your Majeſty and the Kingdom would not |
ſuffice to build ſuch a CloiFter. IWhereupon both the King |
and Courtters betrng aſtoniſh'd, - be at laſt explam'd that |
With ſpicy, ivory barks, and filk ſupply.
While Henry, great Achilles of our land,
Bleſt with all joys excends his wide command.
Whole noble deeds and worthy fame ſurpals
| The ancient glories of his heavenly race.
Monmouth allo glories in the birth of Galfridus Ar- Grind
thuriws, Biſhop of St. Aſaph, who compiled the Bri.
tiſh Hiſtory ; an Author well experienced in Anti-
quities, * but as it ſeems not of antique credit : ſo ma-
ny ridiculous Fables of his own invention [c] hath
he inſerted in that work. In fo much that he is now
amongſt thoſe writers that are cenſur'd by the Church
of Rome.
The river Jy (wherein they take Salmon plenti-
fully from September to April ) is continued from
hence Southward with many windings and turnings.
It's now the limit between Gloceſterſhire and Mon-
mouthſhie ; but was formerly the boundary betwixt
the Welſh and Engliſh ; according to that verſe of
Necham :
Inde wages Vaga Cambrenſes, binc reſpicit Anglos,
Hence Wye the Engliſh views, and thence the Hl(h.
W I 14 "
UT
A
Artie.
*F'i's
*.
vide's
nn dC.
4d,
paradox , by telling them he meant the mountains where- Near its fall into the Severn-Sea, it paſſes by Che P- Clerks
Groflmonr.
Skinfticth.
+ Hilt. Min.
Monmouth.
' their Allegiance to the Earl of Britain in France.
with twas on all hands enclos d. But of this enough,if
not too much.
On the river Mymwy are feen the caſtles of Groſs-
mont and Skinffrith, which formerly -by a Grant of
King Foebn beiong'd to the Breoſes, but afterwards
to Hubert de Burgh, who ( as we are inform'd by
+ Matthew Pais) that he might calm a Court-tempe(f of
Envy, refign'd up thele and two other caſtles, to wit,
Blank and Harte, to King Edward the third.
In another corner North-eaſtward, the river Myn-
wy and I/y meeting, do almoſt encompaſs the chief
town of this County, which is thence denominated ;
for the Pritains call it Mynwy, and we Monmouth.
On the North-tide, where it is not guarded with the
| ftow, which is a Saxon name, and ſignifies a marke:
| or place of trading..' In Britith *tris calld Kaſwent or
Caſtelh Gwent. "Tis a town of good note, built on a
hill cloſe by the river ; guarded with walls of a con-
ſiderable circumference, which take in ſeveral Fields
and Orchards. The caſtle is very fair, ſtanding cn
the brink of a river : and on the oppoſite fide there
ſtood a Priory, whereof the better part being de-
moliſh'd, the remainder is converted to a Pariſh-
church. The bridge here over the I is buile upon
piles, and is exceeding high ; which was ne-
ceſfary, becauſe the ride riſ:s hee to a great height.
The Lords of this place were the Clare Earls of Pem-
broke 3 who from a neighbour caſtle call'd Srrighs,,
rivers, it is tortify'd with a wall and a ditch. In the | where they liv'd,were entitled Ear!s of Srrighul and Pem g.-:
midit ot the rown, near the market-place, ſtands the | broke : of whom Richard the laſt Earl, a man of in- $:2=
caſtle, which ( a> we hind in the King's Records )
Rourill'd in the time of William the Conquerour ;
but is thought to have been re-buile by John Baron of
Monmouth. From him it devolv'd to the Houſe of
' vincible courage and ſtrength ( firnam'd Srrong-bow
from his excellency in Archery,) was the firit that
made way for the Engliſh into Ireland. By his
daughter it deſcended to the Bigors, &c. And now
Lancaſter, when King Henry the third had depriv'd |
it belongs to the Earls of Worceſter. This place
him of his Inheritance, for eſpouſing fo violently the | ſeems of no great antiquity ; for ſeveral do affirm,
Barons Intereſt againſt him : Or rather ( as we read
in the King's Prerogative) for that his heirs had paſs'd
Since that time this town has flouriſh'd confiderably,
enjoying many privileges granted them by the Houſe
of Lancaſter. But for no one thing is it ſo eminent,
and that not without reaſon, that it had its ril-
not many ages
which flouriſh'd about four miles hence in the cms
of Antoninus, who calls it Venta Silurum , as if it
had been their chief city. Which name neicher
arms nor time have conſum'd ; for at this day ©»
as the birth of King Henry, the fifth, that triumphanc
Conquerour of France, and ſecond Ornament of.
the Lancaſtrian Family ; who by dire force of arms|
calld Kaer-went, or the city Venta.
ſelf is ſo much deſtroy'd by the one or che ocher,Þat
ic only appears to have been, from the ruinous wal'5,
[lis
ſt, from the ancient city Vents, ye:
But the City !* x42.
LW.
+ kuvr or
þ 6 "EM
MONMOUTHSHIRE
558
AS
the checquer'd pavements, and the Roman coyns{[ d].
Ic took up about a mile in circumference : on the
South-fide is a conſiderable part of the wall yer re-
maining, and more than the ruins of three Baſtions.
What repute it had heretofore, we may from hence
gather ; that before the name of Monmouth was
heard of, this whole Country was calld from it
IWent-ſet or Went's-land [ e). Moreover (as we read
in the life of Tathaiws a Bricilh Saint) it was former-
ly an Academy , or place dedicated to Literature,
which the ſame Tarhaius govern'd with commendati-
on, and alſo founded a Church there, in the reign
of King Kradek ap-Tnyr,who invited him hither from
an Hermitage.
Five miles to the Weſt of Kaer-went is ſeated
Strigbul-caſtle at the bottom of the hills ; which now
we call Strugle, but the Normans Efrig-bil, built (as
we find in Domeſday-book) by William Fitz-Osbern
Earl of Hereford; and afterwards the feat of the
Clares, Earls of Pembroke, whence they have been
alſo commonly call'd Earls of Strigbul.
Beneath theſe places upon the Severn-Sea, not far
| 1. from the mouth of the river Wy, lies Pore Skeweth,
call d by Marianus Porr-Skith, who informs us that
Harald built a Fort there againſt the Welſh in the
year 1065. which they immediately, under the con-
duck of Karadok,overthrew *.
Near Caldecot , where the river Throgoy enters the
: Severn-Sea, I obſerv'd the wall of a caſtle which for-
merly belong'd to the High-Conſtables of England ,
and was held by the ſervice of Conſtableſhip of Eng-
land.
Not far from hence are Wondy and Pen-bow, the
ſeats formerly of the illuſtrious family of St. Maur,
now corruptly call'd Seimour. For we find that about
the year 1240. ( in order to wreſt Wondy out of the
hands of the Welſh) G. Mareſcal Earl of Pembroke
was obliged to afliſt William of St. Mawr. From
whom was deſcended Roger of St. Mawr Kt. who
married one of the heireſles of the illuſtrious F.Beau-
c:amp,the noble Baron of Hachz who was deſcended
f:om Sibyl one of the co-heireſles of that moſt puiſ-
ſant Wilkam Marſhal E-of Pembroke,and from Will;am
Ferrars Earl of Derby , Hugh de Vivon and William |
Mallet, men of eminent worth in their times. The
Nobilicy of all which, as alſo of ſeveral others, have
(as may be made evident) concentred in the Right
ver (as we have already obſerv'd) takin
{mall cities of noted antiquity.
Gavenn or Gobannium. It is fortified wich walls and
a caitle, which (as Giraldus obſerves) has been ott-
ner {tain'd with the infamy of treachery, than any
other caſtle of Wales. Firit by /#iliam Son of Earl
Miles, and afterwards by William Brees ; both having
upon publick aſſurance, and under pretence of friend-
ſhip, inviced thicher ſome of the Welſh Nobility, and
then baſely murder'd chem. But they eſcaped nor
Gods juſt puniſhment ; for Breos having been de-
priv'd of all his effe&s, his wife and fon ttarv'd with
hunger , died himſelf in exile. The other having
his brains daſh'd out with a ſtone , while Breulas-
his villany, The firſt Lord of Aber-Gawenni, that I
The firſt on the Northweſt borders of che Coun-
ty, call'd by Antoninus Gobannium, is ſituate at the Gbanni-
confluence of the rivers J/y;& and Govenni 3 and
thence denominated. Ir is at this day ( retaining its
ancient appellation) call d Aber-Gawenni, and by con-
traction Aber-Gaemni 53 which ſignifies the Confluence of
caſtle was on fire, ſuſter'd at length the due reward of
Wy:k, in Engliſh Usk, and by others Oſea. This ri-
its courſe
chrough the midſt of the County , paſſes by three
Lords of
know of, was one Hamelin Balun , who made Brien »ber-
Waling ford, or Azjent de I Iſle (call d allo Firz-Comnt y&zreant.
his Executor. And he having built here an Hoſpital
tor his ewo fons, who were Lepers , left the greatz(t
part of his Inheritance to Walter the fon of Msl:s,
Earl of Hereford. This alrer was ſucceeded by his
brother Henry, whom the Welſh flew , and invaded
his Tecritories ; which the King's Lie:1tenants defend-
ed, though not without great hazard. By Henry's
liſter it deſcended to the Breoſes ; and from them in
right of marriage, by the Cantelows and Haſtings to
Reginald Lord Grey of Ruthin. But William Beauchamp
obtain'd ir of the Lord Grey, by conveyance : and he
| again 1n default of flue male, entail'd ic on his bro-
ther Thomas Earl of Warwick, and on his heirs-male.
Richard lon of William Beauchamp , Lord of Aber-
gavennt , for his military valour created Earl of J/or-
cetter, being ſlain inthe wars of France, left one on-
ly daughter , who was married to Edward Newil.
From henceforth the Newvils became eminent, under
the title of Barons of Aber-Gawenni. But the caſtle
was a long time detain'd from them , upon occaſion
of the conveyance before mention'd. The fourth of
Honourable Edward de St. Maur or Seimour , now | theſe dying, in our memory, lefc one only daughter
Earl of Hereford , a ſingular encourager of virtue
and learning ; for which qualification he's deſerved-
ly famous.
The Fenny tra&, extended below this for ſome
miles, is call'd the Moor ; which at my preſent re-
-»-. Viewing theſe notes, has ſuffer'd a moſt lamentable de-
vaſtation.For the Severn-Sea after a Spring-tide, being
* driven back by a Southweſt-wind (which continued
for 3 days without intermifſion) and then again re-
puls'd by a very forcible Sea-wind,it raged with ſuch
a tide, as to overflow all this lower tra, and alfo
that of Somerſetſhire over againſt it ; undermining e-
veral Houſes, and overwhelming a conſfiderablenum-
ber of cattel and men.
In the borders of this Fenny tra&t, where the land
riſes, lies Gold-cliff ; ſo calld (faith Giraldus ) becauſe
the ſtones appear, when the Sun ſhines , ;4 4 bright gold
colour. Nor can 1 be eafily perſwaded ( laith he ) that
nature hath beſtow'd thu colour on the Fones in vain ; or
that this is merely a flower without fruit; ſhould ſome
tkilful Artiſt ſearch the veins and bowels of this rock. In
this place there remain ſome ruins of an old Priory,
tounded by one of the family of Chandois.
From hence we come through a Fenny Country
Mary , married to Sir Thomas Fane ; between whom
| and Sir Edward Newvil the next heir-male ( to whom «c.
the caſtle and moſt of the eſtate had been lefe by
Will, which was alſo confirm'd by authority of Par-
liament) there was a trial for the ticle of Baron of
| Aber-Gavenni, before the Houſe of Lords, in the ſe-
| cond year of King James ; which continued ſeven
' days. But in regard the queſtion of right could not
| be oy adjuſted ; and that each of them ſeem'd to all
(in reſpect of deſcent ) very worthy of the title; and
that moreover it was evident , that both the titie of
Baron of Aber-Gavenni , and that of Le Deſpenſer,
belong'd hereditarily to this family : the Peers re-
queſted of his Majeſty , that both might be honour'd
' with the title of Baron; to which heagreed.It was then
propoſed to the Peers by the L.Chancellor, firſt, Whe-
; ther the heirs-male or female ſhould enjoy the citle of
| Aber Gave; upon which the majority of voices
| gave it the heir-male. And when he had again pro-
mouſly agreedto it; to which his Majeſty gave his Roy-
al Aſſent. And Edward Newil was ſoon after fummon'd
to Parliament by the King's Writ, under the ticle of
to the mouth of the river Jca, call'd by the Britains
——— —
Baron of Aber-Gawvenni. And being according to the
' And adjoyning to it Sudbroke, the Church rag wt,
bour, hath Bild it of half the Church-yard, as it hat
and three Rampiers, as high as an ordinary houſe, caſt in form of a Bow ,
call'd Trinity-Chapel, ffandeth ſo near the Sea, that the vicinity of ſo tyrannazus @ neigh-
done alſo of an «ld Fortification lying thereby, which was compaſſed with a triple Ditch
the firing whereof is the Sea-cliff. That chis was @ Roman work the
Britain bricks and Roman coyns there found, are moſt certain arguments ; among which the Reverend Father in God , Francis Biſbop of Landafe (by
whoſe information 1 write this) imparted unto me of hu kindneſs one of the greateſt pieces that ever 1 ſaw c
Klaia in the leſſer Aſia, ro the honuer of the Emperour Severus, with this Greek Inſcription, Ar T. KAL a. C
perour Ceſar
inder him EAAIQN. chat t&, of the Elatans, which kmd of
ou pieces rhe
k/e, but coyn'd by the Emperours either to bt diſtributed by t
e
'd of Corinthian copper by the city 0
TL CEBA4POC. EF. that i,The 2
ins Septimius Severus Pertinax. And on the reverſe, an Horſeman with # Trophee eretted before him, but the letters not legible ſave
Italians call Medaglioni, and were extraord;nary coyns, nat for common.
way of largeſs in Trrumphs, or to be ſent for Tokens to men well deſr>1ing, or iſe by
ee Cities ro the glory and memory of good Princes, What namethis place anciently had, is hard to be juund, but ſeemeth to hav; b4om the Puri aud
Landing place for Venta Silurum, when as it is but two miles from it.
P p 2 uſual
ly R'ck.2,
Clauſ. 19%
21 Hen. 6.
poſed, Whether the ticle of Baron Le Deſpenſer thould be Bironefs
conferr'd on the female and her heirs , they unanj- ®{pcaſer.
—
60
—
FI LURES.
uſual ceremony, introduc'd in his Parliament-Robe
between two Barons; he was placed above the Ba-
ron de Audeley. At the ſame time alſo, the King's
Patent was read before the Peers, whereby his Ma-
jeſty reſtored, rais'd, preferred, 8&&C. Mary Fane, to the
ſtate, degree, title, ſtile, name, honour, and dignity, of
Baroneſs le Deſpenſer ; and that ber berrs ſucceſſyuely ſhoald
A wery ancient city this was ( laith he) and erjoy'd ho-
nourable privileges ; elegantly built by the Romans with
* brick walls. There are yet remaining many footſteps * x1.
of its ancient ſplendour : (tately palaces which formerly *t
with their gilded Tiles emnlated the Roman grandeur, for ,
that it was at firfÞ built by the Roman nobility, and Eo
adorn d with 46% porn edifices: an exceedmg high tower,
be Barens le Deſpenſer, &c. But the queſtion of pre- | remarkable bot f baths, rums of ancient temples, theatrical | An &,
cedency being propoſed, the Peers reterr'd the deci- | places, encompaſs & with ſtately walls, which are partly = ory
ſion thereof ro the Commillioners for the office of | yer ſtandrmg. Subterraneons edifices are uently met vei'd i
Earl Marſhal of England, who ſign d their Verdict | with, not only witbin the walls, but alſo m the ſuburbs, r Ju.
for the Barony of /e Defpenſer. This was read before | aquedutts, vaults, and ( which i well worth our obſer- pant,
. . » 4 * . "or" c equity
the Peers, and by their o:der regiſter'd in the Parlia- | watzon ) Hypocauſts or ffoves, contrru'd with admirable \y \qs:
ment Diary ; out of which I have taken this account
artifice, conveying beat inſenſibly throug b ſome ery narrow 4
in ſhort. What ought not to be omitted, is that
inch 4%
vents on the fides. Two very eminent, and (next to St. Al. like th,
John Haſtmgs held ths Caſile by homage, ward, and mar-
riage. When it happens (as we read in the Inquiſition)
Baroneſs le
Deſpenſcr.
ban and Amphibalus) he chief Protomartyrs of Britannia urs =
major, lye emtombed here, where they were crown'd with
Burrium.
and if there ſhould chance any war between the King of
England and Prince of Wales ; he ought to defend the
Country of Over-went at hs own charges, to the utmo#t
of bu power for the good of himſelf, the King, and Kingdom.
1he ſecond town, calld by Antoninus Burrium,
( who places it 12 miles from Gobannium,) is ſeated
where the river Byrdhin falls into U3k. "Tis call'd
now in Britiith, by a tranſpoſition of letters Brynbiga
for Burenbeg i, and alſo Kaer-Wysk, by Giraldus Caſtrum
Oske, and in Engliſh Usk. It thews now only the
ruins of a large ſtrong Caſtle, pleaſantly ſeated be-
eween the river Us&, and Oilwy a ſmall brook, which
takes its courſe from the eaſt, by Ragland, a ſtately
ca(tle-like houſe of the Earl ot Worceſter's, and paſles
under it.
The third City, call'd by Antoninus {ca and Legio
ſecrmda, ( leated on the: other tide of the river Usk, |
martyrdom ; wiz. Julius and Aaron 5; who bad alſ»
Charches dedicated to them in thu City. For im ancient
temnes there were three noble Churches here. One of Julius
the Martyr, gracd with a Quire of Nuns devoted to
God s ſervice ; another dedicated ro $1. Aaron hu compani-
on, ennobled with an excellent order of Canons ; and the
third honour'd with the Metropolitan See of Wales, Am-
phibalus alſo, reacher of St. Alban, who fincerely m-
ſtrutted him in the Faith, was born here. Thu City
excellently well ſeated on the navigable river Uk; and
beautified with meadows and woods. Here the Roman
Embaſſadors recerved thtir audience at the illuſtrious court
of that great King Arthur. And beret alſo the Arch-
b:ſbop Dubricius re/ign'd that honour to David of Me-
_—_ by tranſlating the Archiepiſcopal See from thu City
thither.
Thus far Giraldus. But in confirmation of the
and diſtant, as he obſerves, exa&tly 12 Italian miles | antiquity of this place, I have taken care to add ſome
from Burriwm) is Call d by the Britains Kaer Lheion | ancient Inſcriptions lately dug up there ; and com-
and Kaer Lhe1on ar igsk ( which ſignifies rhe City of municated to me by the right reverend Father in
ihe Legion on the r1viry Usk ) from the Legio Secunda | God Francs Godwin, Lord Biſhop of Landaff, a lover
Kaer [het
on ar \Wy:k.
Thee In-
ſcrip:ions
arem £r.:e
wall of
the Garden
at Mo:n|-
court, | tor-
— the
* houſc ot
the Bihoy
ciuguſi a, call-d allo Britannica ſecunda. ' his Legion,
inſticuted by Auguſtus, and tranſlated out of Germa-
ny into Britain by Claudius, under the condut of
\ eſpatian, (to whom, upon his aſpiring to the Em-
pire, it pzov'd ſerviceable, and alſo {ecur'd him the
{ritith Legions,) was placed here at length by Fuliw
Irontings (as ſeems probable) in garriſon againſt the
Silures. How great a City this I/ca was at that time,
our Gi:aldus informs us, in his Itinerary of Wales.
SA
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WF: ll ANNAN
of venerable anciquity, and all other good literature,
In the year 1602. ſome labourers digging in a mea-
dow adjoyning, found on a checquer'd pavement, a
ſtatue of a perſon in a ſhert-truſs'd habit, with a
Quiver and Arrows ; the head, hands, and feet, bro-
ken off : and alſo the fragment of an Altar with this
Inſcription of fair large
acers about three inches
long : exeted by Haterianus Lieutenant-General of
Auguſtus, and Proprztor of the Province of Cil:c1s.
TTVS "7
ATERIANV
\
,
,
my FTA TT Ter
Wl ALLEN
www Fe d.*, -
_ :
& > -
IN «+1
”
%*
» ——
The next year was diſcover'd alſo this In-
| that Titws Flavim
{cription, which ſhews the Statue before menti-
_ Varss , perhaps of be
fifth Cohort of the ſecond Legion, had repair d Þ*
on'd to have been of the Goddeſs Diana ; ard: Temple.
T. FL.
" * +». VECILIANA.
kas by the learned Thomas Fames of Oxford, who may
MONMOUTHSHIRE.
*T. FL. POSTVMIVS VARVS
V. C. LEG. TEMPL. DIANE
RESTITVIT.
Alſo this votive Altar, out of which the name of
*%. the Emperour * Geta ſeems to have been raſed when
he was depoſed by his brother Antoninus Baſlianus,
> nd declared an enemy ; yet fo as there are ſome
ſhadows of the Letters ſtill remaining.
And this fragment of a very fair Altar ; the Inſcription whereof might perhaps be thus ſupplied.
[a ]
—
—_
| JJic+
IM AV{RELIO
|L{ANT O)
| AVC
SEVER.LYVCIL
| FILIO}
| LEC.II
Together with theſe rwo fragments.
2 VIIT.
+ FALK
MAXSIM IL [f ].
Here alſo, about the time of the Saxon Conqueſt,
was an Academy of 200 Philoſophers, who bein
Skill'd in Aſtronomy and other Sci obſerv'
accurately the courſes of the Stars, as we are inform-
ed by Alexander Elſcbienfis, a very ſcarce Author ;
out of whom much has been tranſcrib'd for my uſe
deſervedly be tiled +:ic:6-, as one that is wholly
intent upon Books and Learning ; and is at preſent
( God proſper his endeavours ) out of a deſire of
promoting the publick , buſfily employ'd in
learching the Libraries of England, on a deſign that
Is like to be of ſingular uſe to the Commonwealth of
Learning.
In the time of K. Henry 2. when Giraldus writ,
this City ſeems to have been a place of conſiderable
Itrength. For we find, that Trwith of Kaer Lheien,
2 courageous Britain, defended it a long time againſt
the Engliſh forces; till at laſt being over-power'd by
the King, he was diſpoſſeſt of it. But now ( a fair
inſtance that Cities as well as Men have their vicith.
RR >,
+ PRO SALVTE
AVGG. N. N. Co fried
SEVERI ET ANTONIT- Clending
NI ET GETA C&S. ——
P. SALTIENVS P. F. MAE- Labionus
CIA THALAMVS HADRI. Coll, An.
PRAF. LEG. II. AVG. Chr. 210,
C. VAMPEIANO ET
LVCILIAN.
P.
VG.P.
each ſide the river, that they affirm St. Gilian's (the
houſe of the honourable Sir William Herbert, a perſon
no lefs eminent for wit and judgment, than noble
extraction ) to have been in the city : and in that
ce the Church of 7«liws the Martyr is ſaid to have
ood ; which is now about a mile out of the town.
From the ruins alſo of this City, had its Newpert.
beginning, ſeated a little lower, at the fall of the ri-
ver Usk. By Giraldus 'tis calld Nowws Bargws. It is
a town of later foundation, and of conſiderable note
for a Caſtle and a convenient harbour : where there
was formerly ſome Military-way , mention'd by
Necham in theſe verſes :
Intrat, & anget aquas Sabrint fluminis Ofca
Preceps; teſtis erit Fulia Strata mii.
Increas'd with Uk does Severs tile,
As Fulia Strata teſtifies.
That this Tons Strata was a way, we have no rea-
ſon to queſtion : and if we may be free to conjeure,
it ſeems not abſurd to ſuppoſe it took ics name from
Fulius Front inus who 'd the Silures. Not far
from this Newbargh ( ſaith Giraldus ) there glides a ſmall
/fream call d Nant Penkarn, peſſable but at ſome certaim
fords, not ſo much for the depth of its water, as the bol-
lowneſi of the chanel, and of the mud. It bad
formerly a ford call'd Rbyd Penkarn, now of a long time
diſcontinued. Henry 2. King of England having by
chance paſs'd this ford ; the Welſh ( who rely too
much upon old prophecies ) were preſently difcoura-
tude and fortune ) that is become an inconſiderable |
ſmall crown, which once was of ſo great extent on
ged ; becauſe their Oracle Merlinus Sybveſter had fore-
——— OO On
« Id eſt, Tirus Flavius Poſtumius Varw, quinte Cohortis Leg
Tim no!rg um, Severi Of Antonini © Get Ceſarum :
Sl ierus orers cf} | Prefeiiius Leg ions jecunda Auruſte : C. Vampei ano & Luciliano Cop e This
4 This is in the Gard:o-wall at Moin's Court ; but the firſt line [v111] and this charaiter {7.] ure nor ville. Seg
Lhtion ; but is now raſed our.
Reineſ oyxrag. Injcr. pag. 977-
ionis [Secundz Augoſtz)] Templum Diane reftituct. Hl oft, Po fobee tage.
RS es bf Sins Macis Thalamus | ex bac gente aut tribu nempe Publ.
was lately in the Schoo-wall ar Xatr
told,
STLVREC
— _
told, that whenever a ſtrong Prince, with a freckled
face (ſuch as King Henry was) ſhould pals that Ford,
the Britiſh Forces thould be vanquilh'd.
During the Saxon Heptarchy, this County was
ſubje& to che Mountain-Welſh, call'd by them Dun-
erTan ; who were yet under the government of
the Weſt-Saxons, as appears by the ancient Laws.
At the firſt coming in of the Normans, che Lords
IE Woema.
Marchers grievouſly plagued and annoy'd them: eſpe.
cially the above-mention'd Hamelin Balun Bag Lacy
Walter and Gilbert de Clare * and Brien of Wallmsford,
To whom the Kings having granted all they could
acquire in theſe parts, ſome of them reduced by de.
grees the upper part of this County, which they call'd
——_ p—_ » and others the low lands, call'd Nether.
ent.
: Miles of Gloceſter, Robert Chandos, Pain Fitz-John, Richard F.tz-Punt, anl , &c.
Pariſhes in ths County, 12 7.
—_—
——— ———
ADDITIONS to MONMOUTHSHIRE
thor) is the name of many Moun- | artificial, made like brick. Theſe are of ſeveral co-
[a] M* Kader ( mention'd by our Au- ' natural ſtones, wrought into that form ; and others
tains in Wales thus denominated : as | lours; as white, black, blue, green, red, and yellow ;
Kader Arthur, Kader Verwin , Kader | and are cloſe pitch'd rogether in a floor of tine plai-
Idris, Kader Dhinmael, Kader yr Ychen, &c. which
the learned Dr. Davies ſirppoſes to have been ſo calld,
not from their reſemblance to a Kadair or Chair ;
but becauſe they have been either fortified places, or
were look'd upon as naturally impregnable , by fuch
as firſt impos'd thoſe names on them. For the Britiſh
Kader ( as well as the Iriſh word Kathair ) ſignifying
anciently a Fort or Bulwark ; whence probably the
modern word Kaer of the ſame ſignitication, might
be corrupted.
[b] Lhan properly ſignifies a Yard, or ſome ſmall
Incloſure 5 as may be obſervd in compound words.
For we find a YVimeyard call'd Gwin-lhan ; an Orchard,
Per-lhan z 4 Hay-yard,7d-lhan z 4 Church-yard, Kor h.
lhan ; a Sheep-fold, Kor-lhan ; &c. However (as &:
ra!dus obſerves) it denotes ſeparately, a Church or
Chapel ; and is of common ule,in that ſenſe,through-
out all Wales : probably becauſe ſuch Yards or In-
cloſures might be places of Worſhip in the time of
Heatheniſm, or upon the firſt planting of Chriſtiani-
ty, when Churches were ſcarce.
'c ) That this Feffrey of Monmouth ( as well as moſt
other Writers of the Monkiſh times) abounds with
Fables, is not-deny'd by fuch as contend for ſome
authority to that Hiſtory : but that thoſe Fables were
of his own Invention, ' Grow too fevere a cenſure of
our Author's, and ſcarce a juſt accuſation : ſince we
' find moſt or all of them, in that Britiſh Hiſtory he
tranſlated ; whereof an ancient copy may be ſeen in
che Library of Feſws-College at Oxtord, which con-
cludes to this effet : Walter Arch-Deacon of Oxford
compoſed this Book in Latin, out of Britiſh Records; which
he afterwards thus render'd into modern Britiſh, We
find alſo many of the ſame Fables in Nimnius, who
writ his Eulogium Britannie about three hundred years
before this Galfridus Artwrizs compos'd the Britiſh
Hiſtory. As to the regard due to that Hiſtory in ge-
neral, the judicious Reader may conſult Dr. Powel's
Epiitle De Britannica Hiſtoria reft* intelligenda ; and
Dr. Davies's Preface to his Britiſh Lexicon ; and bal-
lance them with the arguments and authority of thoſe
that wholly reject them.
Near Monmouth ſtands a noble Houſe buile by his
Grace Hewry Duke of Beaufort call'd Troy ; the reſj-
dence of his eldeſt fon Charles mai of Worce-
ſter, whois owner of it, and of the Caſtle and Ma-
nour of Monmenth, ſettled upon him with other large
poſſeſſions in this County, by the Duke his father.
[d] As a confirmation of what our Author ob
ſerves, in the year 1689. there were three checquer'd
Pavements diſcover'd here in the Garden of one Fran-
cx Ridley ; which being in froſty weather expoſed to
che open air.upon the thaw the cement was diſlolv'd,
and this valuable antiquity utterly defac'd. So that
at preſent there remains nothing for the entertain-
ment of the Curious , but the ſmall cubical ſtones
whereof it was compoe'd ; which are of various ſizes
and colours, and ma» be found confuſedly ſcatter'd in
the earth, at the depth of half a yard. Checquer'd
Pavements conſiſt of oblong cubical ſtones,common.
ly about half an inch in length ; whereof ſome are
4
|
ſter, and fo dilpos'd by the Artiſt, with reſpect to
colour, as to exhibit any figures of men, beaſts, birds,
trees, &c. In ohe of theſe Pavements, as the owner
relates, were delineated ſeveral flowers, which he
compared to Roſes, Tulips, and Flowers de Luce ; and
at each of the four corners, a Crown, and a Pea-
cock holding a-Snake in his Bill, and treading it un-
der one foor. Another had the figure of a Man in
armour trom'the breaſt upward. There were alſo
Imperial Heads, and ſome other variety of Figures,
which had they been preſerv'd, might have been in-
ſtruQive, as well as diverting to the Curious in the
[tudy of Antiquities. In their Gardens,and elſewhere
in this Village, they frequently meer with brafs Coyns;
which an ingenious and worthy Gentleman of that
neighbourhood has tor ſome years colleted. In his
Collection I obſerv'd an adulerated Coyn of Anton;-
nus Pius, which ſeem'd to have been counterfeited
not of late, but anciently , when that Emperour's
Coyns were current money. *Tis a braſs piece, of
the bignels of a denarias, cover'd with a very thin leaf
of ſilver, which when rub'd off, the letters diſappear.
Alfo Julia Mzfia of embas'd metal , not unlike our
tin farchings. Others were of Valerianus , Gallienws ,
Probus, Diocleſianus, Conttantius Chlorws , Conſtantinus
Magnus, Fulins Criſpns, Conſtans, and both Valentmi-
ans, This preſent year (1693.)one Charles Kenton
ſhew'd me part of a Roman brick-pavement in his
Yard : the bricks were ſomewhat above a foot long,
nine inches broad, and an inch and a halt chick; alt
marked thus ;
[e] The Engliſh names of Went-ſet and FWents land y..;:
have their origin from the Britiſh word Gwen: ; *
whereby almoſt all chis Country, and part of Glo-
ceſterſhire and Herefordſhire were call'd ; till Wales
was divided into Counties, But it ſeems queſltion-
able, whether that name Gwent be owing to the City
Venta ; or whether the Romans mighe not call this
City Venta Silurum, as well as that of the [ceni, and
that other of the Belge, from the more ancient Bri-
tiſh names of part of their Countries. Had the Coun-
try been denominated ſince the Roman Conquelt,
from the chief City, it had been more properly call'd
Gwlad Gaer-Lheion, than Gwlad Gwent. But of this
enough, if not too much.
[f ] In the year 1654. ſome workmen diſcover'd
at St. Julian's near Kaer-Lheiow, a Roman Altar , the
Inſcription whereof was ſoon after copy'd by the
learned and ingenious Fobs Aubrey Eſq; a true lover
and promoter of real knowledge , and a perſon ol
equal induſtry and curioſity. The Altar, he lays,
was of Free-ſtone, four foot in length, and three 1n
breadch : the Inſcription he is pleas'd co communt-
Cace out of his excellent Collection of Brz:/t Aorar
ments, to be publiſt'd on this occaſion.
Jc
— —
_MONMOUTHSHIRE
——O—_— ——— — —————
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— _—
It ſeems worth the enquiry of the curious , upon |
what occaſion Jupiter is herg ſtiled Dolichenws ; for
that I take to be the meaning of this word Dolichv.
To me it ſeems ſomewhat probable, that this Altar
was erected to implore his Tuition of ſome Iron
Mines , either in the Foreſt of Dean, or ſome other
place of this Country. The Hour of which con-
«1. jeture I take from this In RI in Reineſius :
Your oprimo maximo Dolyeheno, ubi ferrum naſcitur, C
A Sempron.ims RefFws, cent. Frumentarins D.D. For unlel:
Caius Sempronius, who dedicates this Altar Fov:
Dolicheno, makes his requeſt to Zupiter that he would
either diret chem to find out Iron Mines, or be
propitious to ſome they had already diſcover'd, I can
not conjetute wiy he ſhould add the words us; Fer-
»1m na{citur 3 which were not only ſuperfluous, bur
abſurd, if they imply'd no more than barely tha:
Iron-ore was ound at Doliche, a Town of Macedonia
whence Jupiter was call'd Dolichenw. Auguttorum
monitu is a Phraſe we find parallel inſtances of in Rei-
nefius, p. 42. where he tells us, Ex monitu Dez Imperio
At Tre-Dynoq-Church about three miles diſtant from
Kaer-leton, is prelerv'd this fair and entire Monument
of a Roman Souldier of che Second Legion.
Stone is a kind of blue late : the four oblique lines
are ſo many Grooves or Canaliculi ; and the ſmall
{quares without the lines are holes bor'd through the
[tone ; whereby it was faſten'd with Iron pins to the
Ground- wall of the Church on the outlide ; and
diſcover'd by the Sexton about twenty years ſince, at
che digging of a Grave. Conſidering that this was
che Monument of a Heathen,and muſt be about four.
reen or fifreen hundred years ſtanding ; it ſeems
'trange it ſhould be repoſited inthis place , and thus
ftaiten'd ro the Foundation of the Church: unleſ
ve ſuppoſe it laid there by ſome pious Chriſtian in
:frer ages, or rather that the Chu:ch was built on
:ome old Roman burial-place. But however that
nappen'd, that it was there found is moſt certain, and
reſtified by a worthy Gentleman of the neighbour-
hood yer living, who was preſent at the diſcoyery of
it, and took care to preſerve it.
JOVI Op-
r1mo Ma-
ximo PO.
LICHeno,
JurO Nl
Optumy,
AEM L!4-
NvsS CAL.-
PVENYYS
R VE;LIA-
NVs fe
Cart | an po-
tius LEG'o-
nis Il. AV-
GVSTO-
RVM MO. +
NITV.
Inſcription
at Tredo-
Th e nok.
Deorum Dearimque, ex juſſu numins , quicquid facerent,
facere videri wvolebant Pagani.
Diis Mani-
bus. JV Lius
JVLIA-
NVS ME
Les LFGi-
onis [,dz.
AVGuttz,
STIPendio-
rum octo-
decim, AN-
NORum
quadragin-
ra, HIC SI-
TVS EST :
CVRA
AGENTE
AMANDA
CONJV-
GE.
DM#*IVMAIVLIANVS
IMIE LEGIT NG*STIP4
XVIIFANNOR&XL*
HIC-SITVS*ESTA
CYRAAGENTE-
AMANDAX
CONIVGE
Rein. Lifcr.
Pfg3o=---
Cura agen.
tibus,Semp.
Pudente,
Mil.trum. &
Cutio Eu-
pla. Mini-
ltro Sp c.
"i
* Fe ut
che end of
HH; ales.
SILVO
RES.
li —
-— — —
At Kaer Leion they frequently dig up Roman Bricks
with this Inſcription.
LEG. II AVG.
The Letters on theſe Bricks are not in/crib'd (as on
ſione) but famp'd with ſome inſtrument ; there be-
ing a ſquare cavity or impreflion in the midlt of the
Brick, at the bottom whereof the Letrers are rais'd,
and not inſculp'd. One of theſe Bricks may be ſeen
( together with Mr. Camden's-lnſcriptions ) in the
Garden-wall at Moin/coutt, the ſeat of the worſhipful
Thomas Ly(ter Elq; and ſome others at Kaer Leon.
In the year 1692. a chequer'd pavement was diſco-
ver'd in the grounds of the honoured Henry Tom-
kins of Kaer Leion Eſq; the preſent High Sheriff of
this County. *Twas found by workmen a plowing,
in a field cloſe adjoyning to his houſe. And here we
may obſerve, that theſe ancient pavements are not
buried lo deep in this County, as that in the Church-
yard at Woodcheſter in Glocelterſhire. For whereas
that lies at about 3 foot depth, this at Kaer Leon
( as alſo ſome others formerly diſcover'd,) lay no
deeper than the plow-ſhare ; and that abovemention-
ed at Kaer-went not much lower. Mr. Tomkins has
raken all poflible care, to preſerve what the ſervants
had not ſpoil'd of this valuable antiquity ; by remo-
ving a conſiderable part of the floor in the lame or-
der it was found, into his garden ; and was pleas'd
to communicate a draught of the whole to be * pub-
liſhd upon this occaſion. The diameter of it is about
14 foot. All the arches, and that part of the border
they touch, were compoſed of white, red, and blue
ſtones, varyed alternately. The bills, eyes, and feer
of the birds were red, and they had alſo a red ring
about the neck ; and in their wings, one or two of
the longeſt feathers red, and another blue. The in-
ſide of the cups were alſo red; and elſewhere, what-
ever we have not excepted of this whole area, is va-
riegated of umber or dark.colour'd ſtones and white.
About forty years ſince, ſome Labourers digging
in a Quarry betwixt Kaer Leion Bridge and Christ-
church ( near a place call'd Porth Sini Krin ) diſcover'd
a large coffin of free-ſtone ; which being open'd,
they ir therein a leaden ſheet, wrap'd about an
iron frame, curiouſly wrought ; and in that frame a
Skeleton. Near the coffin they found alſo a gilded
Alabaſter ſtatue of a perſon in a coat of mail ; hold-
ing in the right-hand a ſhore ſword, and in the left a
pair of ſcales. In the right ſcale appear'd a young
maiden's head and breaſts; and in the left ( which
was out-weigh'd by the former ) a globe. This ac.
count of the coffin and ſtatue I receiv'd from the
worſhipful Captain Matthias Bird, who ſaw both
himſelf; and for the farther fatisfaRion of the curi-
ous, was pleas'd lately to preſent the ſtatue to the
Aſhmolean Repoſitory at Oxford. The feet and
right-arm have been broken ſome years ſince, as alſo
the ſcales; but in all other reſpeas, it's tolerably
well prefervd ; and ſome of the gilding ſtill remains
in the znterſtices of the armour. We have given a
figure of it, amongſt ſome other curioſities relating
to Antiquity, at the end of theſe Counties of Wales :
but mult leave the explication to ſome more expe-
rienc'd and judicious Antiquary ; for though art firſt
view it might feem to be the Goddeſs A4/tres, yer 1
cannot fatizfie my felf as to the device of the Globe
and Womzn in the ſcales; and am unwilling to trou-
ble the Reader with too many conjectures.
Amongſt other Roman Antiquities frequently dug
up here, we may take notice of ſome curious earthen
Veſſels ; whereof ſome are plain, and the ſame with
thoſe red Pare/z or earthen Plates often diſcover'd
in ſeveral parts of England ; but others adorn'd with
elegant figures ; which were they preſerv'd, might
be made ule of for the illuſtration of Roman Authors,
as well as their Coyns, Statues, Altars, &c. That
whereof I have given a figure, repreſents to us, firſt,
as an emblem of Pzery, the celebrated hiſtory of
the woman at Rome, who being deny'd the liber.
ty of relieving her father in priſon with any food,
yet obtaining free acceſs to him, fed him with the
{ Hitt. Nat. milk of her own breaſts. I am ſenſible that in Pliny ||
g 'N 7. C. 36.
and moſt printed copies of ſuch Authors as mention
this hiſtory, we are inform'd ſhe exercis'd this picty
to her mother } but this figure ( though it be fome-
| what obſcure ) ſeems 46. repreſent a bearded man:
however, whether I miſtake the figure, or whether
| we may read with Feſtay, Patre ( not mare ) carcere
mcluſo ; or rather ſuppoſe tht tradition Erroneous (in
ſome provinces at leaſt) amongſt che yulgar Romans ;
that the ſame hiſtory was hereby intended, is futhci-
ently evident. In the ſecond place we find an 4uſpex
or Soothſayer looking npwards to obſerve the motion
of a bird; or rather perhaps a Cupid ( according to
the Potter's fancy ) performing the office of a Scoth.
fazer. And in the third, a woman facrificing with
Vervain and Frankincenſe : for I am ſatished, that the
plant on the altar is no other than Vervein ; and that
the Woman reaching her hand towards the Altar, is
caſting Frankincenſe on the Vervein, ſeems ve:y
probable; for we find that Women, a little betore
cheir time of lying in, ſacrificed ro Lucina with
Vervein and Frankincenſe. Thus the Harlot Phrore-
ſium in Plautus, ( Trucu!. A 2. Scen. 5.) pretending
ſhe was to lye in, bidy her maids provide her Swee;-
meats, Oyl of Cinnamon, Myrrbe, and Vervein,
Date mihi huc ſtaftam atque ignem in aram ut I enerem
Lucinam meam :
Hic apponite atque abite ab oculs,
Ubi es, Aſtaphium ? fer huc verbenam mihi, thus &
bellaria.
—_—_—
OCCallons,
Effer aquain & molli cinge bec altaria witta:
Verbenaſque adole pingues & maſcula thura,
Conjugs ut magics [anos avertere ſacrs
Experiar ſenſus. =
As for the naked perſon on the other fide the Altar,
I ſhall not pretend to determine whether it be her
husband, or who elſe is intended thereby. In regard
we find the other hgures repeated alternately ; I ſup-
poſe there were no other delineations on the wholz
veſſel, than what this piece included within the
crack ( which is all I have of it ) reprefents. By the
figures on this veſſel we might conjeRture it was a
bowl uſed in thoſe Feaſts they call'd Marronalia, ob-
ſerv'd on the Kalends of March ; when the married
women ſacrificed to uno, for their happy delivery
in childbirths, the preſervatian of their husbands,
and the continuance of their mutual affetions. And
from its form, I ſhould gueſs it was that fort of veſlel
they call'd Phiala : becauſe in Welſh the only name
we have for ſuch veſlels is Pbiol; which is doubtlels
of the ſame origin with the Greek and Latin Ph:als,
and is very probably one of thoſe many words left
amongſt us by the Romans, which we may preſume
co be {till preferv'd in the ſenſe they us'd them.
I ſhall only mention two other curioſities found
here, and detain the Reader no longer in this Coun-
ty : the firſt is, a Rams born of braſs, much of the
bigneſs and form of a leſſer Ram's horn ; broken off
at the root, as if it had been formerly united to a
braſs head. One of theſe heads and horns (though
ſomewhat different from ours) may be ſeen in Lode-
wvico Moſcardo's Muſeum, pag. 83. who ſuppoſes fuch
heads of Rams and Oxen to have ſerv'd at once bot!
as ornaments in their Temples, and alſo reiigious
ty pes of ſacrifice.
The other is a very elegant and an entire Fibula we//;-
aria, whereof (becauſe ic would be difficult to give all
intelligible deſcription of it) || I have given 2 tigurcs, |
one being not ſufficient to expreſs ir.
and is curiouſly chequer'd on the back part, with
enamel of red and blue. Ir ſhould ſeem that when
they uſed it, the ring at the upper end was drawn
down over the acus or pin; and that a thread 0r
ſmall ſtring tied through the ring, and about the
notches at bottom, ſecured the Acus in its proper
place. Such a Fibu/a in all reſpects, bur that 1t 15
ſomewhat lefs, was found An 1691. near King's Cotte
t iN
— —— — —_—
EEI———
60)
—
We may allo colle& out of Virgil *, that women «;..,
facrific'd with Yerwemm and Frankincenſe upon other 1
LIEETS
ce: .
It is of brabs, 1.2
:: tural Prince Rhys ap Tewdwr and
= — — — ——__—_—_——
——DOG—————
CLAMORGANSHIRE.
—— — — ——
-” 4
”—
in Gloceſterſhire ; where they alſo frequently meet
with Roman braſs coyns,which they call Cheſle-money,
a name probably of the ſame ſignitication with Ca-
{tle or Cheſter-money. They that would be farther
latisfied of the various forms and matter of theſe
Roman Fibulz, and the ſeveral uſes they were applied
to, may conſule amongſt other Authors, the learned
and ingenlous Foannes Rhodins de Acia, and Smetins's
Antiquitates Neomagenſes.
In the firſt of Charles x. Robert Lord Carry was
created Earl of Monmouth, and was ſucceeded by Henry
of the ſame name. An. 15 Car. 2. James Firz-Roy, a-
mong other honours, was created Duke of Menmouth ;
and at preſent the right honourable Charles Mordant
takes che title of Earl from this place.
Farle and
Duke ef .
Monmouth.
— — > - _—— — —
——_—
— —__— — _
oo _—
_—_
GLAMORG
HE fartheſt County of the Silures |
ſeems to be that we call Glamorgay-
ſbire ; the Britains Morgamwy, Gwlad
Morgan, and Gwlad Vorganue, which
ſignities the County of Morganwy ;
and was ſo call'd (as moſt imagine)
from Morgan a Prince ; or (as others ſuppoſe) from
an Abbey of thatname. But if I ſhould deduce it
from the Britiſh 24o5r, which ſignifies the Sea, I know
not for certain whether I ſhould deviate from the
Truth. However, I have obſerved that Maritime
town of Armorica, we call now Morlas, to have
been call'd by Ptolemy and the anciant Gauls Yorga-
nium, or Morganmum (for the letters M and V are of-
een contiechongad in this language : ) and whence
ſhall we ſuppoſe it thus denominated but from the Sea ?
And this our Aorganwe is allo altogether Maritime ;
being a long narrow Country, wholly waſhed on
the Seuth-ſide by the Severn-Sea. As for the inner
part of, it, it is border'd on the Eaſt wich Monmouth-
{bire, on the North with Brecknock , and on the Weſt
with Kaermardhinſbire.
On the North it is very rugged with Mountains,
which inclining towards the South, become by de-
grees more tillable ; at the roots whereof we have a
ipacious Yale or Plain open to the South-Sun; a ſitua-
tion which Cato preferr'd to all others, and for which
Pliny does ſo much commend Italy. For this part of
the Country is exceeding pleaſant , both in regard
of che fertility of the Soil, and the number of towns
and villages.
"> In the reign of William Rufus, Fein ap Gwrgant
** Lord of this Country, having revoked from his na-
_—_ too weak to
maintain his Rebellion, very unadviſedly, which he
t00 late repented, call'd to his affiſtance (by media-
tion of Emion ap Kadiver a Nobleman, who had mar-
'” ried his daughter) Robert Fitz- Haimon a Norman, fon
of Haimon Dentatus Earl of Corboil, Who forthwith
ied an Army of choice Souldiers, and taking to
-* his affiſtance twelve Knights as Adventurers in this
Enterprize, firſt gave RbY- battel, and ſlew him ; and
afterwards being allur'd with the fertility of the Coun-
try, which he had before conceiv'd ſure hopes to be
I ord of, turning his Forces againſt Fe/ſt#m himſelf,
for that he had not kept his Articles with Enion,
loon deprived him of the Inheritance of his Ance-
[tors, and divided the Country amongſt his Partners.
The barren Mountains he granted to Enion ; butthe
terti'e Plains he divided amongſt theſe twelve Aſſoci-
ates, (whom he had called Peers ) and himſelf; on
that condition, that they ſhould bold their Land in Fee
and Vaſſalage of him as their chief Lord, to aſſiſt each
: Other in common ; and that each of them ſhould defend ts
* ſation in ba Caſtle of Caerdiſfe, and attend him in bu | &
Crrrt at the adminiſtration of Fuſtice. It may not per-
haps be toreign to our purpoſe, if we add their names
out of a Book written on this ſubje&, either by Sir
Edward Stradling, or Sir Edward Maunſel ( for ris af.
cribed to both of them) both being very well skil'd
In Geneaiogy and Antiquities,
IV:liam of London, or de Lonares.
Richard Granwvil.
Pain Turberwil.
Oliver St. Fobn.
Rovert de St. Quintin.
ANSHIRE.
\
Roger Bekeroul.
William Eatterling , ( fo call'd , for that he was de-
ſcended from Germany) whoſe Poltericy were
call'd Stradlings.
Gilbert Humfranul.
Richard Siward.
Fobn Flemming.
Peter Soore.
Reginald Sully.
The river Rhymny gliding from the Mountains,
makes the Eaſtern limit of this County , whereby ir
is divided from Monmouthſhire; and in the Briciſh,
* Remmy ſignifies to divide. In a Mooriſh bottom,not * Rhanna.
far from this river, where ic runs through places
ſcarce paſſable among the hills, are ſeen the ruinous
walls of- Caer-phily-caſtle, which has been of that vaſt C:erphily-
magnitude,and "4 an admirable ſtructure, that moſt ****©
affirm it to have been a Roman Garriſon ; nor ſhall
I deny it, tho' I cannot yet diſcover by what name
they call'd it. However, it ſhould ſeem to have been
re-edified, in regard it has a Chapel built after the
Chriſtian manner, as I was inform by the learned
and judicious Mr. F. Sanford, who took an accurate
ſurvey of it. It was once the poſleflion of the Clare;
Earls of Gloceſter ; but we find no mention of it in
our Annals, till the reign of Edward the ſecond. For
at that time the Spenſers having by underhand pra-
ices ſer the King and Queen and the Barons at dif-
ference, we read that Hugolin Spenſer was a long time
beſieged in this Caſtle, bur wichout fuccels [a |. Up-
on this river alſo (but the place is uncertain) Ninnus
informs us that Fawſftas a pious godly fon of Vortigers
a moſt wicked father, erected a ſtately Edifice. Where,
with other devout men, he daily pray'd unto God,
that he would not puniſh him for the ſins of his fa-
ther, who committing moſt abominable Inceſt, had
begotten him on his own daughter ; and that his fa-
ther might at laſt ſeriouſly repent, and the Country
be freed from the Saxon war.
A little lower , Ptolemy places the mouth of
Rhatoſtabims, Or Rhatoſtibius, a maim'd word, for the
Britiſh 7rasth Taw, which ſignities the ſandy Frith of
the river Taf. For there the river Taf gliding from
the Mountains falls into the Sea at Lan-daf, that is, Lud.fe.
The monh
ot R harw-
({t« bis.
he | the Church on the river Taf , a ſinall place fcated in a
bottom , but dignified with a Biſhop's See ( in the
Dioceſe whereof are 154 Pariſhes) and adorn'd with
a Cathedral conſecrated to St. 7ei/rau Biſhop thereof,
Which Church was then ereaed. by the ewo Gallick
Biſhops Germanw and Lupw,when they had ſuppreld
the Pelagian Hereſie that prevail'd ſo much in bricain:
and Dubricizs a moſt devout man they firlt preterr'd to
the Biſhoprick, to whom Mewrick a Britiſh Prince
ranted all the Lands between Taf and El... From
Hif.Landa-
venlis.
hence Taf continues its courſe to Caerdiffe, in Britiſh Cier2 fe.
Kaer DYdb *, aneat Town conſidering the Country, * C:rope-
and a commodius Haven ; fortifed with Walls and | 27Pv
a Caſtle by the Conquerour Firz, Haimaw, who made Dy».
it both the Seat of War, and a Court of Juſtice.
Where, beſides a ſtanding Army of choice Souldiers,
the twelve Knights or Peers were obliged each of
them to defend their ſeveral ſtations. Notwithſtand-
ing which, a few years after, one Ivor Bach, a Britain
who dwelc in the ntains , a man of ſmall ſtature
bur-of reſolute courage, marched hither with a band
of Souldiers privately by night, and ſeiz'd the Caſtle,
Q q ' carrying
$I1LVRESS.
—
611
Normandy
$47; fo
call'd p2r-
þ ps tom
carrying away liam Earl of Gloceſter Fitz-Haimon's © There is a remarkable Spring within a few miles $i,
grandſon by the daughter, together wich his wife and | © of this place (as che learned Sir Fobs Stradling told Þ _
{on, whom. he detaind priſoners till he had receiv'd | © me by Letter) at a place call'd Newren, a fſinall <
Rob. Crt Cacisfaction for all injuries. Buthow Robert Curthoſe,eldelt | © village on the weſt ſide of the river Ozmer, in a"
" fon of William the Conquerour ( a man in Martial | © ſandy plain about a hundred paces trom the Severn ti:
' Prowels, but too adventurous and fool-hardy ) was ;
dep:ived by his younger brothers of all hopes of fuc-
cet{ion tothe Crown; and berett of both his eyes,
lived in this Caſtle till he became an old man; may
bh
Wi2
<4 ſho Th x @ . | 1 bh:
re. e water of it 15 not the cleareſt, but
** pure enough and fir for uſe : it never runs over ;
'* infomuch, that ſuch as wou!d make uſe of it mult
**go down ſome ſteps. At full Sea, in ſummer time,
be ſeen in our Engliſh Hiitorians. Whereby we may | © you can ſcarce take up any water in a dith; but im<
alſo learn, That to be born of the Blood-royal, does |** mediat:ly when it ebbs, you may raiſe what quan-
not enſure us of either Liberty or Safety.
* tity you pleaſe. The ſame inconſtancy remains
Scarce thiee miles from the mouth of the river |** alſo in the winter ; but isnot ſo apparent by reaſon
Taf, in the very winding of the ſhore, there are two
ſinall, but very pleaſant lilands, divided from each
other, and aifo from the main Land, by a narrow
Frith. The hithermoft is call'd Suly, from a town
oppoſite to it ; to which Robert de Sully (whole ſhare
the 5/977. jt was in the Diviſion) is thought to have given name;
A remark1
ble Cavc.
tho' we might as well ſuppoſe he took his name from
it. Thetarthermolt is call'd Barry, from Se Baruch
who Ilyes buried there 3 who as he gave name to the
place, ſo the place afterwards gave ſirname to its Pro-
prietors. For that noble family of Viſcount Barry
in Ireland, is thence denominated. I a maritim Rock
of thu Iſland, ſaith Giraldus, there # a narrow chink or
- cheſt, to which if you put your ear, you ſhall perceive ſuch
a noiſe as if Smiths were at work there. For ſometimes
ou hear the blowing of the bellows, at other times the
Frroaks of the hammers ; alſo the grinding of tools , the
hiſſing noiſe of ſteel-gads, of fire burning m furnaces, &2.
Theſe ſounds I ſhould ſuppoſe might be occaſion'd by the re-
percuſſion of the Sea-waters into theſe chinks, but that they
are continued at low ebh when there's no water at all, as
well 2s at the full tide [b]. Nor was that place unlike
to this which Clemens Alexandrinus m=ntions in the
ſeyench Book of his Stromara. Hiſtorians inform us that
in the Ile of Britain there us a certain Caye at the root of a
Mountain, and at the top of it a cleft. Now when the
wind blows into the Cave, and # reverberated therein,
they hear at the chink the ſound of ſeveral Cymbals ;
for the wind being driven back makes much the greater
noiſe.
Beyond theſe Iſlands the ſhore is continued direaly
weſtward, receiving only one river ; upon which (a
Conbridge. little more within the land) lyes Cowbr;dge, call'd by
B_\ iu.
Neath.
From Sir ]. b
Scradling. gf St. Ileut's, a village adjoyning; the foundations of
St. Donat's
Roman
Coyns.
Ogmor Ri-
ver,
the Britains, from the Stone-bridge, y Bont waen; a
market-town, and thz ſecond of chofe* three which
the Conquerour Fitz- Haimon reſerv'd for himſelf. 'In
regard Antoninus places the City Bovium ( which is
alſo corcuprtly call'd Bomiwmn) in this trat, and at this
diſtance trom 1/ca, I flatter'd my ſelf once with the
conjecture that this muſt be Bovium. But ſeeing that
at three miles diſtanc? from this town we find Bover-
ren, which agrees exa&tly with Bovium, I could not
without an injury to truth,ſeek for Bowium elſewhere.
Nor is it a new thing, that places ſhould receive their
names from Oxen, as we find by the "Thracian Boſþbo-
rus ; the Bowienum of the Sammnites; and Bauli in Ita-
ly, fo call'd quaſi Boalia, if we may credit Symachas.
But let this one argument ſerve fot all : Fifteen miles
from Rowium, Antoninus uſing alſo a Latin' name
hath placed Nidum, which tho' our Ahtiquaries have
a long time ſearch'd for in vain, yet at the ſame di-
ſtance we find Neath [in Britiſh Nedb} a town of con-
fiderable note, retaining ſtill its ancient name afmoſt
entire. Moreover, we may obſerve here, at Lantwi
many buildings;and formerly it had feveral ſtreets [c],
Not far from this Bowerron, almoſt in the very cree
or. winding of the ſhore, ſtands St. Donar's-caſtle, the
habitation of the ancient and n6ble family of the
Stradlings ; near which there wers dug up lately fe-
veral ancient Roman coyns, but eſpecially of the 40
Tyrants, and ſome of © f£miliavwe and Marizxs,which
are very ſcarce. A little above this the river Ogmor
falls into the Sea , which glides from the Mountains
by Koetieu-caltle, the ſeat formerly of the Twrbervils,
ards of. the Gamapes, and now (in rightof his
Lady) of Sir Robert Sidney Viſcounc II; and\ alfo
by Ogmer-caſtle, Which devoly'd' from the family of
_ the Lendons to the Dutchy of Lancaſter,
* of the adventitious water, as well from trequent
* ſhowers as ſubterraneaus paſſages. This, ſeveral of
'* the Inhabitants, who were perſons of credit, had
* aſſured me of, However being ſomewhar ſuſpicious
* of common report, as finding it often erroneous,
** I lately made one or ewo journeys to this ſacred
* Spring , for I had then ſome thoughts of commu-
** nicating this tro you. Being come thither , and
* ſtaying abour the third part of an hour (whilit the
* Severn flow'd , and none came to rake up wat-r)
"I obſerv'd that it ſunk about three inches. Having
© jetr it, and returning not long after , I found the
© water riſen above a foot. The diameter of the Well
* may be about fix foot, Concerning which my
** Muſz dictates theſe few lines :
Te Nova-Villa femens, odiofſo murmure Nympha
Inclamat Sabrina : ſoloque inimica propinquo,
Ewvomit infeſt as ruttu vielenter arenas.
Damma part ſentit wicinia ſorte : ſed illa
Fonticulum cauſata tuum. Quem wirgo, legends
Litus ad amplexus wocitat : latet ille vocatus
Antro, & luclatur contra. Namque &ſtus utrique «7
Continuo motu refiuns, tamen ordine 4a
a recedit.
Nympha flut propins : Fons defluit.
Ite redit, Sic livor ineſt & pugna perenns.
Thee, Newton, Severn's noiſy Nymph purſues,
While unreſtrain'd th' impetuous torrenc flows.
Her conqu'ring Surges waſt thy hated Land,
And neighbouring fields are burden'd with the Sand.
Bur all the fault is on thy fountain laid,
|
|
Thy fountain courted by the amorous Maid.
Him, as ſhe paſſeth on, with eager noiſe
She calls, in vain ſhe calls, to mutual joys.
He flies as faſt, and ſcorns the proffer'd love,
(For both with tides and both with different move.)
The Nymph advanceth, ſtraight the Fountain's gone,
The Nymph retreats, and he returns as ſoon.
Thas eager Love ſtill boyls the reſtleſs ſtream,
And thus the cruel Spring ſtill fcorns the Virgins
flame.
Polybius takes notice of ſuch a Fountain at Cadiz, art»
and gives us this reaſon for it ; viz. That the Air be- **,
ing depriv'd of its uſual vent, returns inwards ; by ::
which means - the veins of the Spring being ſtopr,
the water is keptback : and fo on the other hand,
the water leaving the ſhore, thoſe Veins or natural
AqueduRts are freed from afl obftruQion , fo that tie
water ſprings plentifully.
From hetice coaſting along the ſhore, you com?
to Kyufyg , the Caſtle heretofore of Firz- Haimen;
and Meorgan once a Monaſtery , founded by J/:lian \' ©*
Earl of Gloceſter, and now the Scat of the noble
family of the Maunſels, Knights. Not far from
Margan, on the top of .a Hill call'd Mynydd Margan,
there is a Pillar of exceeding hard ſtone, erected
for a Sepulchral Monument , of about tour toot
in height, and one in breadth ; with an Inſcrip-
tion, Which whoever happens to read , the ignorant
common people of that neighbourhood promile 12
ſhall dye ſoon after. Let the Reader therefore tak®
heed what he does ; for if he reads it, he ſhall cer-
tainly dyE.
— —— — ———
—_
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[___ is the Weſtern limic of this Country, is call'd
Guhrr : where ( as he tells us) the fons of Kean a
Scot ſeated themſelves, until they weredriven out by
HI a Britiſh Prince. In the reign of King
enry the firft, Henry Earl of Warwick labdued this
Country of Gower ; which afterwards by compact
berwixt Thomas Earl of Warwick and King Henry
the ſecond, devolv'd to the Crown. Burt King John
of one Knight, for all ſervice. And his heirs ſucceflive-
ly held ir , till the time of Edward the ſecond. For
at that time William de Breos having ſold it to ſeveral
perſons ; that he might ingratiate himſelf wich che
King, deluded all others, and put Hugh Spenſer in
pollefſtion of it. And that, amongſt f:veral others,
was the cauſe why the Nobles became fo exaſperated
againſt the Spenſers, and fo unadviledly quicred their
Allegiance to the King. It is now divided- into
Ea#t and Weſt Gowerland. In Eaft-Gowerland the
from Porpeiſes or Sea-bogs ; and by the Britains Aber-
Tawi (from the river Taws , which runs by it)
The laſt words I read, e/Eternals tm dome ; for in
that age Sepulchces were call'd e/£ternales domws [d}.
Betwixt Margan and Kynj;g alfo, by the way ſide,
= a ſtone about four A long , with this In-
C
ription :
P.YNP;CI1v.5
CAR AN TOPIVS.
Which the Welſh (asthe Right Reverend the Biſhop
of Landaff, who ſ:nt me this Copy of it,informs me)
by adding and —_— ſome leiters, do thus read
and interpret PVMP. BVS CAR A'N TOPIYS.
i.e. The five fingers of our friend or kinſman BlF'd us.
They ſuppoſe it to have been the Grave of Prince
Morgan, whom che Country receiv'd its name,
who they ſay was kil'd eight hundred years before
the birth of our Saviour; but Antiquaries know, theſe
Letters are of much later date. e |.
From Margan the ſhore leads North-eaſtward, by
Aber- von, a ſmall market rown,/lat the mouth of
the river Avon (whence it t-kes its name) to Neath,
a river infamous for its Quick-ſands ; upon which
ſtands an ancient town of the ſame name, in Anto-
nine Itinerary call'd Nidem. Which, when Fitz-
Haimon ſubdued this Country, fell in the diviſion to
Richard Granvil ; who having buile there a Monaſte-
ry under the Town, and conſecrated his dividend to
God and the Monks , return'd to a very-plentitul
eſtate he had in England.
fortified by Hemy Farl of WWarwick But a
more” ancient place than this, is that at the river
Log hor
rit. Lhych-
by us Gower, by the Britains Gyr, and by Ninnius &\...
Cho. Wal-
ngham.
beſtow'd it on Hiliam de Breos , to be held by ſervice Me.
nair. N77
5 Reg Joans
moſt noted rown is Sweryſey, fo called by the Engliſh $vanſy,
which Antoninus calls Leucarum , and is Lyghor.
at this day ( retaining its ancient name ) call'd Log- -ucaram,
boy [ in Britiſh Kas-Lychwr. ] Where , about the
death of King Henry the firſt, Howel ap Mredydh
with a band of Mountaneers, ſurprized and flew fe-
veral Engliſhmen of quality. Beneath this lyes #+/t-
Gower, which (the Sex making Creeks on each tide
it) is become a Peninſula ; a place more noted for the
corn it affords, than towns. And celebrared here-
tofore for St. Kynedbawv, who led here a (olitary lit- ;
of whom ſuch as deſire a farther account, ma+ con-
ſult our Capgrave, who has ſufficiently exto.1'd his
Miracles.
From the very firſt conqueſt of this Country, the
,ords of
Clargs and Spenſers Earls of Gloceſter ( who were jj- Glamorgan,
neally deſcended from Fitz Haimon) were Lords of
it. Afterwards the Beauchamps, and one or two of
the Nevils ; and by a daughter of Newil (deſcended
alſo from the Spenſers) it came to Richard the third
King of England, who being ſlain, it devolv'd to
King Hewry the ſeventh, who granted it to his uncle
Gaſper Duke of Bedford. He dying without illue,
the King reſum'd it into his own hands,and left ir to
his ſon Henry the eighth 3 whoſe fon Edward the ſixth
fold moſt part of it to William Herbert , whom he
| bad created Earl of Pembroke , and Baron of Caer-
diffe.
Of the Off pring of the twelve Knights before-
mention'd, there remain now only in this County
the Stradlings, a family very eminent for their many
noble Anceſtors ; with the Tarberwils.and ſome of the
Flemmings, whereofthe chieteft dwells at Flemming /? one,
call'd now corruptly from them Flem#on. But in Eng-
land there remain my Lord Sr. Fobn of Bletſo,the Gran-
wvils in Devonſhire,and the Stmwards (as I am inform'd)
in Somerſerſhire. The Iſſue-male of all the reſt is
long ſince extin&,and their Lands by daughters paſs'd
& i= All the Country from Neath to the river Lochor, | over to other families.
Pariſhes in tha County 118.
- — _—- —-»
FC
ADDITIONS to GLAMORGANS HIRE.
about 70 foot in length, 34 in breadth, and 17 in
height. On che South-ſide we aſcend to ic by a di-
re& Stair-caſe , aborit eight foot wide ; the roof
N our eftitrance upon this County , we are
preſented with Kaer phyli-caſtle , probably
the nobleſt ruins
ancient Architecure
* pljl [a] [|
now remaining in Britain, For in the
Judgment of ſome curious perſons, who have ſeen
and compared it with the moſt noted Caſtles of Eng:
land, it exceeds all in bignefs, except that of Wi
for. That place which Mr. Sanford call'd a Chapel,
was probably the ſame wich that which the neigh-
bouring Inhabicancs call the Hall. It is a ſtately room |
whereof is vaulted and ſupported with ewenty arches,
which are {till gradually higher as you aſcend. The
entry out of this Stair-caſe , is not into the middle.
but fomewhat nearer to the Welt-cnd of the room ;
and oppoſite to it on the North-ſide, there is a chim-
ney about ten foot wide. On the ſameſide there are
four ſtately windows ( if ſo we may ſuppoſe them )
rwo
2 TURES.
——
I ee
ewo on each ſide the chimney, of the faſhion of
Church-windows ; but that they are continued down
to the very tioor, and reach up higher than the height
of this room is ſuppoſed to have been ; fo that the
room above this Chapel [or Hall | had ſome part of
the benefit of them. The ſides of theſe windows are
adorn'd wich certain three-leav'd knobs or husks, ha-
ving a fruit or ſmall round ball in the midſt. On
the walls on each ſide the room, are ſeven triangular
pillars, like the ſhafts of Candleſticks, placed at equal
diltance. From the floor to the bottom of theſe pil-
lars, may be about we've foot and a half ; and their
hcighe or length ſeem'd above four foot. Each of!
theſe pillars is ſupported with three Buſts, or heads
and breaſts, which vary alternately. For whereas
the firſt (ex gr. ) is ſupported with the head and
judicious Author has placed BY LLAEVM.menticn'd
by Ptolemy, in another County ) that what we now
call Kaer-phyl:, was the Bullzwm Silurum of the Ro-
mans. -. Probably Mr. Camden had no other argu-
ment (fince he produces none) to conclude that &,-
alht a town in Brecknockſhire, was the ancient Bul.e-
um, bur from the affinity of the names; and to
that he preſum'd it ſeated in the Country of the 5£..
lures. If fo, we may alſo urge , that the name of
Caer-phyls comes as near Caftrum Bullet, as Buali:.
For ſuch as underſtand the Britiſh rongue, will rea.
dily allow, that Bulſ/zum could not well be otherwit:
expreſſed in that language, that Kaw Vwl, Kaer-l'y/,
(which muſt be pronounced Kaer V;!) or (as well 25
ſome other names of places) fiom che genitive cate,
Kaer-Vyli. That this place was alio in the Country
—
:
breaſt of an ancient bearded man and two young | of the Szures, 1s not controverted : and farther, that ic
faces on each ide, all with diſhevel'd hair ; the next | has been a Roman gariſon is fo likely, from the ſtate.
ſhews the face and breaſts of a woman with two leſ- | ly ruins ſtill remaining , that moſt curious peiſons
ſer faces alſo on each ſide, the middlemoſt or biggeſt | who have ſeen ic, take it for granted. Whereas |
having a cloth cloſe tied under the chin, and about | cannot learn that any thing was ever diſcover'd at
the forehead; the leſſer two having alſo forehead- | Bualbr, that might argue it inhabited by the Romans;
cloths, but none under the chin , all with braided , much lets a place of note in their time , as Bulleum
tocks. The ule of theſe pillars ſeems to have been ; Szlurum mu needs have been. :
for ſupporting the beams ; but there are alſo on the; On a mountain call'd Kewn Gelhi Gaer, not far from
ſouth-hde ſix Grooves or chanels in the wall at equal this Kaer-Phyli, in the way to Marchnad y wayn ; |
diſtance, which ar2 about nine inches wide, and obſerv'd ( as it ſeem'd to me) a remarkable monu-
eight or nine foot high: four whereof are continued ment, which may perhaps deſerve the notice of the
from the cops of the pillars ; but the ewo middlemoſt | curious. It's well known by the name of YT maen Yu
are about the midd!e ſpace between the pillars, and bir, and is a rude ſtone pillar of a kind of quadran- 2 n
come down lower than the reſt, having neat ſtones
jutting out at the bottom, as if intended to ſupport
ſomething placed in the hollow Grooves. On the
north-tide, near the eaſt-end, there's a door about
eight foot high ; which leads into a ſpacious Green
about ſeventy yards long and _ broad. At the
caſt-end there are two low-arch'd doors, within a
yard of each other ; and there was a third near the
fourh-ſide, but much larger ; and another oppoſite to
that on the weſt-end. The reaſon why I have been
thus particular, is, that ſuch as have been curious in
obſerving ancient buildings, might the better diſcern
whether chis room was once a Chapel or Hall, &c.
and alſo in ſome meaſure judge of the Antiquity
the place ; which, as far as 1 could hitherto be in- |
torm'd, is beyond the reach of hiſtory.
That this Caſtle was originally built by the Ro-
mans, ſeems indeed highly probable, when we con-
ſider its largeneſs and magnificence. 'Tho' at the
ſame time we muſt acknowledge, that we have no
other reaſon to conclude it Roman, but the ſtatelineſs
of its ſtrufture. For whereas moſt or all Roman
Cities and Forts of note, afford ( in the revolution
at leaſt of fifty or ſixty years) either Roman Inſcrip-
trons, Statues, Bricks, Coyns, Arms, or other Uten-
fils, I could not find, upon diligent enquiry,that any
ol their Monuments were ever diſcover d here. I
have indced two Coyns found at this Caſtle ; one
ot ſilver, which I receiv'd amongſt many greater
tavours from the right worſhipful Sir Fobn Aubrey of
Lhan Trydhyd, Baronet ; and the other of braſs,
which I purchas'd at Kaer-phyli of the perſon that
found ic in the Caſtle. Neither of theſe are either
Roman or Engliſh, and therefore probably Welſh.
That of ſilver is as broad,but thinner than a Sixpence,
and exhibits on one fide the image of our Saviour
with this Inſcription, GIFORIA x 'TIBI [+
on the Reverſe 2 perſons. L tuppoſe Saints, with theſe
Icrers MYANQG TI Reo ON u
The meaning whereof | dare not pretend to ex-
Piain ; burit any ſhould read it Moneta Venets Regs-
onw, The money of the Country of Gwynedh * , or elſe
Gwent or Went Land, it might perhaps pals as a con-
jure ſomething probable , though I ſhould not
' gular form, aboue 8 foot high ; with this 1nſcripti-
on to be read downwards. |
meet nonmommae—
It ſtands not ereR, but ſomewhat inclining ; whe-
of | ſing
ther caſually, or that it was fo intended, 1s uncer-
tain. Cloſe at the bottom of it, on thar ſide it in-
| clines, there's a ſmall bank or intrenchment, inclo-
ſome ſuch ſpace as fix yards; and in the midit
thereof a ſquare Area, both which may be better de-
lineated than deſcrib'd.
UTLI146/1 MTV GAHRE (1 H41 1144) 1447 144
I ſuppoſe that in the bed or Area in the mid}, 2
perſon has been interr'd ; and that the Inſcription
muſt be read TefFo 5 ti, or Deffro i ti ; which is Welſh,
and ſignifies may#t thou awake.
much contend for it. The braſs coyn is like che
French pieces of the middle age, and ſhews on the |
obverſe a Prince crown'd, in a ſtanding poſture ,'
ho!ding a Scepter in his right hand, with this Inſcri-
ay [-: Ave Maria ,
&c andon the Reretſe a Croſs floree with theſe Letters,
Taking it tor |
x xRCQAUI
PrO0nN %
+ + ++ TF+ + V+ td + re
2: ati. d that is place was of Roman foundation, |
ſron'd be apt to conjeture {but that air learned and :
p, taken it for granted ) that at preſent there are 0
uch ſounds perceived here. A learned and ingenious
Gentleman of this Country , upon this occaſion
writes thus: I was my ſelf once upen the Iſland, m cm
p-ry with ſome mn:quiſit;ve prior; and we ſeught cv
it 2bere ſuch noiſe might be 1:1! Upon failure, vt
cenſultcd the neighbours, and ! © ſnce ask'd Inerete
ara knoy Tg mea who lad ve 156 and ; 20 al
curd the tradition, but rever Er: 57 ; in fe,
|
+ CO CE
>
= F
«s iP
[b] As to the ſubterraneous noiſes mention'd by T'-
our Author : what ſuch ſoever might be heard in.
this Iſland in Giraldws's time ; 'tis certain ( notwith- bo
ſtanding many later Writers have upon this authort- ;h
LOS +
4
-
o
Ty
hy.
for the Bellows to work upon ; and chimneys in thoſe
GLAMORGANSHIRE.
6 7R
Either then that odd 'Axizdyor i waniſlyd, or the place s |
miſtaken. I ſball offer upon this occaſion what I think
may divert you. You know there # in thu chanel, a no-
red point of. land, between the Naſh-point in this County,
and that of St. Govens in Pembrokeſhire ; call d in the
Maps aud Charts Wormſhead-point, for that it appears
to the Sailers, like a worm creeping, with its bead erett.
Trom the main land, it Firetches « mile or better into the
ſea ; and at balf-flood, the It hmus which joyns it to the
(here # overflown ; ſo that it becomes then a [mall ]ſland.
Toward the bead it ſelf, or that part which s fartheft
out in the Jea, there is a ſmall cleft or creviſe in the ground,
mto which if you throw a bandful of duit or ſand, u will
be blown up back again into the air. But if you kneel or
lye down, and lay your ears to ut, you then bear diſt inttly
rhe deep noiſe of a prodigious large bellows. The reaſon u
obvious : for the reciprocal motion of the Sea, under the
arch d and rocky hollow of thu headland or Promontory,
makes an inſpiration and expiration of the Aur, through
the cleft, and that alternately ; and conſequently the noiſe, |
as of a pair of bellows in motion. I have been twice there
ro obſerve it, and both times im the Summer ſeaſon, and
in very calm weather. But I do believe a ſtormy ſea
would give not only the foremention'd ſound, but all the
variety of the other noiJes aſcrib'd to Barry ; eſpecially if |
we a litile indulge our fancy, as they that make ſuch com- |
pariſons generally do. The ſame, 1 doubt not, happens in
ot her places upon the ſea-ſhore, whereever a deep water, and
rocky concave, with proper clefts for conveyance, concur.
In Sicily eſpecially, where there are moreover fire and xv
ul-
cano?s to carry off the ſmoak. But now that this Worms.
head ſbou!d be the intended fe of Barry, may ſeem wery
uncouth. Here I conſider, that Burry is the moſt remark-
able river (next that of Swanſy ) for trade, in all
Gower; and its Oſtium #s cloſe by Wormſhead, [o that |
2hoever ſails to the N. E. of Wormſhead, is ſaid to ſail
— -- - — ——— ee
Lhan Ilhtud vawr, on the North-ſide of "W Church,
A Pyrami-
dal cary'd
there are ewo ſtoges ereted , which ſeem to deſerve $2.3
our notice. The firſt is cloſs by the Church-wall,
and is of a pyramidal form, about ſeven foot in
height. Ir is adorn'd wich old Britith carving, ſuch
as may be ſeen on the pillars of croſſes, in ſeveral
parts of Wales. It is at three ſeveral places, at equal
diſtance, encompalſs'd with three circles. From the
loweſt three circles to the ground, it is ingrail'd or
indented ; but elſewhere adorn'd with knots. The
circumference of it at the thiee highelt circles, is
three foot and a halt; at the middlemoſt, above
four foot, and the loweſt about five. It has on one
lide, from the top ( which ſeems to have been bro-
ken ) to the bottom, a notable furrow or Canaliculus
about four inches broad, and two in depth. Which
I therefore noted particularly, becauſe upon peruſal
ot a Letter from the very learned and ingenious
Dr. Fames Garden of Aberdeen, to Mr. IJ. Aubrey
R. S. S. I found the Door had obſerv'd that a-
monglt their circular ſtone-monuments in Scotland,
( ſuch as that at Rolrich, &c. in England ) ſometimes
a ſtone or two is found with a cavity on the top of
it, capable of a pint or two of liquor ; and ſuch a
Groove or {mall chink as this I mention, continued
downwards from this baſon : fo that whatever liquor
is pour'd on the top, muſt run down this way.
Whereupon he ſuggelts, that ſuppoſing ( as Mr. \u-
brey does ) ſuch circular monuments to have ben
Temples of the Druids, thoſe [tones might ſerve pur-
haps for their Libamina or liquid factitices Bur al-
chough this ſtone agrees with thoſe mention'd by
Dr. Garden, in having a furrow or crany on one lids ;
yet in regard of the carving, it differs much from
ſuch old monuments ; which are gene-ally, it noc
always, very plain and rude : fo that perhaps it ne-
ver belong'd to ſuch a circular monument, but was
for the rrver of Barry. Wormſhead again is but a late erefted on ſome other occaſion. The other ſtone is An tn.
name ; but the name of the river Burry is immemorial. | allo elaborately carv'd, and was once the ſhaft or Pe. v'i9n-
Now he that had a mind to be critical might infer, either
that Wormſhead was of old call'd the Iſland of Burry ;
or at leaft, that before the name of Wormſhead was in
being, the report concerning theſe noiſes might run thus :
that near Burry, or as' you ſail imto Burry, there is an
Iland, where there is a cleft in the ground, to which if
you lay your ear, you'll bear ſuch and ſuch noiſes. Now |
Barry for Burry 1s @ very eaſie miſtake, &Cc. |
c] In the Church-yard at Lanrwit major , or
deſtal of a Croſs.
On the one ſide it hath an Inſcri-
ption, ſhewing that one Samſon ſer it up, pro anima
cus and another on the oppoſite ſide, tignifying al.
that Samſon erected it to St. Iſtutus or 1brud ; but
that one Samuel was the Carver. Theſe Inſcriptions
I choughe worth the publiſhing, that the curious
mighe have ſome light into the form of our Letters
in the middle ages.
[d] The Inſcription mention'd by our Author,
was itt the former editions erroneous; as may be
ſeen by ſuch as will take the trouble of comparing it
with the Original ſtill remaining in the'ſame place,
and well known in this part of the country by the
name of Y maen Chythyrog. I have therefore given
a new ſpecimen of it from the monument it ſelf, as
alſo of all others (two or three excepted) which our
Author has obſerv'd in Wales. In old Inſcriptions
+2. We often find the Letter V. where we uſe O. as here,
M- Pronepus for Pronepos * : ſo that there was no neceſli-
CN.
Rg.
ty of inventing this charater 8 ( made ule of in the
3 which I preſume is ſuch, as was
former editions
ver In Reine-
never found in any Ioſcription whatever.
fius Synrag. Inſcriptionum p. 709. we find the E icaph
of one Boduacus, dug up at Nimes in France. Where.
- upon he tells tis that the Roman name Berulius was
changed 'by the Gauls into Boduacus, But it may
ſeem equally probable, it not more _ ſince we
alſo find Bodwoc here ; that it was a Gauliſh or Britiſh
name : and the name of the famous Queen of the
Iceni, Boadicea, ſeems alſo to ſhare in the ſame original.
Sepulchres are in old Inſcriptions often call'd Domus
#terne, but eternalis ems a barbarous word.
*Qq
Rein.
Crux llruth
Samſon;
redtse
Samuel
Egiſar. Le-
uu
te 6X61-
for.
SILUVRES.
B>4h Mor-
pan Mor-
ganwg-
A Monn-
ment on
Mynyah
Gelhi On-
"w.
Rein. pag. 716
Dota Lyri prata, & geſtu formoſa pulls,
Hic jacet aterna Sabis humata domo.
[e] The ocher Inſcription mention'd by him is alſo
at chis day in the ſame place, and is called by the
common people Bedb Morgan Morgamwg, Viz. The
Sepulchre of Prince Morgan : which ( whatever gave fp
occaſion to it) is doubtleſs an erroneous tradition ;
it being no other than che tomb-ſtone of one Pom-
peius Carantopins, as plainly appears by this Copy ot |
it I lately cranſcrib'd from the ſtone. As for
word Pumpeius for Pompeins, we have already ob:
ſerv'd, that in old Inſcriptions, the Letter V. is fre-
quently us'd for O. |
the 1 ſmall circular entrenchments, like cock-pi
"PWPelvs
CARANTOPIV 'S
CE There is alfo another monument, which ſeem'd
to me more remarkable than eirher of theſe, at a
lace calld Parwen Bjrdbin, in the Pariſh of Kadok-
ſton Or Lhen Gadok, about fix miles above Neath. It
is well known in that part of the by the name
of Maen dau Lygadyr Ych, and is fo call'd, from two
': one of
which had lately in the midſt of it a ſtone pil-
lar, about three foot in height, with this Inſcription,
to be read downwards.
— ————— —————————— — — —— —— ———— ———
OO ——— Rs rn
which perhaps we muſt read Merci (or perhaps me-
morie) Caritini filii Bericii, But what ſeem'd to me
moſt remarkable, were the round Aree ; having ne-
ver ſeen, nor been inform'd of ſuch places of Burial
elſewhere. So that on firſt ſight, my conjecture
was, that this had happen'd on occaſion of a Duel,
each party having SS perpered his place of inter-
ment : and that therefore there being no ſtone in
the centre of the other circle, this Inſcription muſt
have been the monument of the party ſlain. It has
been lately remov'd a few paces out of the circle,
and is now pitch'd on end, at a gate in the high-
way. But that there never was but one ſtone here,
ſeems highly probable from the name Mgaen das
lygadjr Fch : whereas had there been more, this
m4 in all likelihood, had ſtill retain'd the name
of Meneu Lhydaidyr Ych.
On a Mountain call'd Mynydb Gelb; Ownen in the
Pariſh of Lhan Gyvelach , I obſerv'd a Monument
which ſtood lately in the midf} of a ſmall Kr» or
heap of ſtones, but is now thrown down and broken
in three or four pieces ; differing from all I have ſeen
elſewhere. Twas a flat ſtone,about three inches thick,
ewo fcot broad at bottom, and about five in height.
The top of it is form'd as round as a wheel, and
thence to the baſis ir becomes gradually broader.
On one ſide it is carv'd with ſome art, but much
more labour. The round head is adorn'd with a
kind of flouriſhing crofs, like a Garden-knot: below
that there is a man's face and hands on each ſide;
and thence almoſt to the bottom, neat Fretwork ; be-
neath which there are two feer, but as rude and 118
roportion'd (as are alſo the face and hands)as ſome
Ez ptian Hieroglyphick.
ot far from hence, within the ſame Pariſh, is
Karn Lhechart, a Monument that gives denominati-
on to the Mountain on which it 1s ereted. *Tis a
circle of rude tones, which are ſomewhat of a flat
form, ſuch as we call Lheches, diſorderly pitch'd in
the ground, of about x7 or 18 yards diameter ; the
of which now ſtanding is not above a yard
in height. It has but one entry into it, which is
about four ſoot wide : and in the center of the Area,
it has ſuch a Cell or Hur, as is ſeen in ſeveral of
Wales, and call'd X;#f ven : one of which isdeſcrib'd
in Brecknockſhire, by the name of St. Itar's Cell.
This at Karn Lhechert is about fix foot in leagth, and
four wide, and has no top-ſtone now for a cover; but
ARiTWfi BERIGC |
|S — TEER— Pe Ro OR _——
it, in that the Circle about it was Maſon-work, as]
was inform'd b
it whilſt jc ſtood; for at preſent there's nothing of
it remaining. But theſe kind of Monuments, which
ſome aſcribe to the Danes,and others ſuppole to have
been ereted by the Britains before the Roman Con-
queſt, we ſhall haye occaſion to ſpeak of more fully
Milo
8c p
&
a Gentleman who had often ſeen
hereafter. Another Monument there is on a Moun- Ants!
Cchal-
tain call'd Kewn bryn, in Gower , which ma
tiqui-
lenge a place alſo ſuch unaccountable
ties, as are
the ſame worthy perſon that ſent me his conjecture
of the ſubterrancous noiſe in Barrj-Ifland , gives the
COOAE pornngne -
Arto __ you mention , they axe to be ſern upon «
J«tring at the Northwel# of Revn bryn, the moſt noted
Hill m Gower. They are put together by labour enough,
but no great art, into @ pile ; and their faſhion and poſture
« thu : There a vaſt wnwrought tone ( probably about
twenty tun weight) ſupported 5 or ſeven others that
are not above four foot bigh, theſe are ſet ins Circle,
ſome on end, and ſome edge-wiſe, or ſidelong , to bear the
great one up. They are all of. them of the Lapis molaris
kind, which w the natural ftone of the Mountain. Tic
great one uw much diminiſh'd of what it has been in bulk,
as baving frue tuns or more ( by report ) broke off it to
moke Mill-ftones; ſo that I gueſs the Frone originally to
bave been rand and of funs i weight. The car-
riage, rearing, ing of this maſſy rock, « plainly
ks of now induſtry and art ; ths Pallets and
Levers, the force and skill by which *rwas done, are not [0
eafily imagin'd. The common people call it Arthur's tone,
by « lift of vulgar imagination, attributing to that Here
an extravagant ſize and th. Under it « «a Weill,
which (as the neighbourhood tell me) has @ flux and reflux
with the Sea; of the truth whereof 1 cammot as yet ſatufe
you, &c. There are divers Monuments of this kind
in Wales, ſome of which we ſhall take notice of in
other Counties. In Angleſey (where there are many
of them) as alſo in ſome other places, they are call'd
Krom-lecheu ; a name deriv'd from Krwm, which ſig-
nifies crooked or inclining ; and Ibech a flat ſtone : but
of the name more hereafter. *Tis generally ſuppoſed
they were places of burial ; but I have not yet learn'd
that ever any Bones or Urns were found by digging
under any of them.
Edward Semerſet Lord Herbert of Clayfn Regions
and Gower, obtain'd of K. Charles 1. the title
of G es, his father the Lord Marquiſs of W#er-
a very largeone lyes by, which ſezms to have es
off Y Giff ween on a Mountain calfd 7
Drymmes by Neath , Rems to have been alſo a Monu-
ment of this kind, but much leb ; and to differ from
cefter being then alive ; the Succeffion of which Fami-
ly may be ſeen in the Additions to Werceferſtire.
#
DIMETA
ond the reach of Hiſtory ; whereof
ſtore n
(owe
7 Farid
Earl Giano
1hery
we
OWE
wa
Fj C0G-
ad
_—_
4}
TT
: ſuch a vaſt Bay, that this Country might ſeem out of
' through the midſt
CAER-MARDHIN-SHIRE.
622
; Uſe Weſt-Wales,c
whom Britain was
the
D:4 ME # @&
H E remainder of ths
to the
10n which u extended Weſtward,and call d by the Eng- yy.
Caer-mardhin-ſhire , Pembrokeſhire, and Car- Wales
ganſhire,was thought by Pliny to have been inhabited by the Silures. But Ptolemy to
er known, d4 another Nation here, whom he call d Di-
metz end Demetzx. Moreover,
#0 ſignifie thu Country ; whence the Britains call it at thus day Dyved, changing
L the F into TR—_
it would not be thought a ftrain'd pi
| ton of the Dones: from «6 pars,
Southern plain ; as all thu South-Wales has been call d Deheu-barth; 5. e. the Sou-
thern Part. And I find that elſewhere the Inhabitants of a c
b Gildas and Ninnizs uſed the word Demetia
propriety of that La e.
4 my, I ſhould be apt to derive
Deheu-meath, which /ignifie rhe
bampaim Country in
Britain were call'd by the Britains themſelves Meatz. Nor does the ſituation of
th:s Country contraditt that fignification ; for when you take a proſpe& of it, the Hills decline gently, and it dilates it
ſelf gradually ro a Plain *.
« Seing, it was the cuſtom amongſt the Romans to retain ſuch"names
of che places they conquer'd, as the ancient Natives made uſe of, adding
only 2 Latin terminarion ; it may ſeem more probable that Dimetis was
r..4de out of the Britiſh name Dy wed, than the con . Burt whatever
the original name of this County might be, I cannot ſubſcribe to our
|
Author's con
the of it ; for we find no ſuch word in the
Britiſh Language, cither in Manuſcripts or common uſe, as Meath for a
plain champ ain
Tho'indeed if there were ſuch a word,they that
are _— acquainted with thoſe Counties, would ſcarce allow it applicable
to them.
_ — — — - CC oe —ooxIn Sos OOO _—2 — ———
CAER=MARDHINSHIRE.
H E County of Kaer-Vyrdbin, call'd
by the Engliſh Caer-Mardbin-ſhire, is
a Country ſufficiently fupply'd with
Corn, very well ſtock'd with Cattel ;
and in divers places affords plenty of
Coal. It is bounded on the with
an and Breckneck ſhires; on the Weſt with
Pembroke, on the North divided from Cardigenſhire
by the river Tejwvs, and on the South with the main
Ocean, which encroaches on the Land here, with
fear to hare withdrawn it ſelf, In this Bay Kydwel;
firſt offers itſelf, the territory whereof was poſleſſed
for ſome time by the ſons of Keianws a Scot, until
they were driven out by Kynedbev a Britiſh Prince.
But now it is eſteem'd part of the Inheritance of Lan-
caſter,by the heirs of Adaurice of London, or de Londres,
who removing fromGlamorganſhire,after a tedious war,
made himſelf Maſter of it,and fortified od Kydweli with
Walls,and a Caſtle,now decay'd withage.For the Inha-
bitants paſſing over the river of Gwen-dracth wechas ,
buile zew X14vel;,invited thither by the conveniency
of a Haven, which yet at preſent is of no great uſe,
being choak'd with ſhelves. When Maurice of Lon-
don invaded theſe Territories, Gwenlbian the wife of
Prince Gryffydb , a woman of invincible courage,
( endeavouring to reſtore her husband's declinin
[tate ) enter'd the field with diſplay'd banner,
m— him. _ the _ _ being anſwer-
e to her courage, with her Pan,
divers other "ry ui (as Giraldus Iaforns us)were
ſlain in the field.
By Haws the daughter and heireſs of * Thomas de
Londres, this fair Inheritance, with the Title of Lord
of and Kydweli , deſcended to Parrick Che
worth, and by a daughter of his fon Perrick, to
Henry Earl of Lancaſter. The heirs of Maurice de
Londres (as we read in an old Inquiſition) were obliged
by this Tenzre, in caſe the King, or his Chief Juſtice ſhould
kad an Army into theſe —— Kydweli, to condut# the
ſaid Army, with their Banners, and all their Forces,
of the Country of Neath fo Lochor.
A little below Kydweli,the river Towy,which Pto-
lemy calls Tobixe, is received into the Ocean, having
ed the length of this County from North to
South. Firſt by Lhan ym Dbyvri (fo call'd as is ſup-
poled from the confluence of rivers) which out of
Royal Seat of the Princes of South-Wales , whilſt
they flouriſh'd, firuaced aloft on the top of a Hill.
And at laft by Caer-mardbin, which the Britains them-
|
|
=]
neys
ligence of the n= ill handled. For they have
careleſly two Journeys : the one from
Galena to hs the other from Maridwnum to Viroco-
NOVI”. 5 is the chief townof the County, plca-
Gnely ſeated for Meadows and Woods, and a place
of venerable Antiquity ; fortified neatly ( ſaith Giral-
dus) with brick-walls partly yet fandmg, on the noble ri-
wer of Towy : navigable with ſhips of ſmall burden ;
tho' the mouth of 1t be now almoſt ſtopp'd with a
bed of Sand. Here our Merlin, the
was born : for as Tages was reported to have been the
ſon of a Genias , to have taughe the Tuſcans
South-ſaying ; ſo our Merlin, who was faid to have
been the ſon of an Incubus, deviſed Mn, Or Ia»
ther mere Phantaſtical Dreams, for our Britains, Inſo-
much, that in this Iſland he has the reputation of an
eminent Prophet , amongſt the ignorant common
people [a] ; ;
Soon atter the Normans enter'd Wales, this town
fell into their poſleflion, but by whoſe means I know
not; and a long time it encounter'd many difficul-
ties : having been often beſieged, and twice burnt ;
firſt by Gryffydb ap ys and afterwards by Rhys the
ſaid Gry 's . At which time, Henry Tur-
beruil, an Engliſhman, reliev'd the caſtle, and cut
dawn the bridge Butthe walls and caſtle being afcer-
wards repair'd by Gzlbert deClere,it was freed from theſe
miſeries; ſo that being chus ſecured,ic bore the tempeſts
of war much eafjer afterwards.The Princes of Wales,
eldeſt ſons of the. Kings of England , ſertl'd here
; and E for South-Wales. Oppo-
ſite to this city,
call ach a portion of a country as contains 100 vil.
| Kanrrev ) where may be ſeen the ruins
Kaftelh , Which was ſeated on a ſteep, and
»
verns [b], now all cover with green Tuct (where,
in'the time of War, ſuch as were unfit for arms, are
t to have ſecured themſelves: ) &@ notable foun-
tain alſo, which (as Giraldus writes) ebbing and flowing
malice to the Engliſh, was long ſince demoliſh'd by |
Howel ap RhY:. Afterwards , by Dinevor-caſtle , the
twice in twenty four hours, imitates the ſea-rides.
On the north is extended Canmev Mawr, or the
—
* Sir Thomas of Londes.
great
ſelves call Kaer-Vyrdbin, Ptolemy Maridunurm , and Marid-
Antoninus Maridunum, who continues not his jour- Bm
any farther than this place, and is here by neg- Marqhin.
iciſh Tapes, Merlin,oz
towards the eaſt, lies Cantrevbychen, c.....
which ſignifies the leſſer Handred ( for the Britains bychan.
on all ſides inacceffible rock ; and ſeveral vaſt ca- ce...
DIMET &.
BW —_— — - ——— ————
623
——_——__
—
great Hundred ; a ſafe retiring place heretofore for which falls in with the year of Chriſt 243. Amone't
the Britains, as being very woody and rocky, and full ' theſe were Helwins Pertinax, Marcus Opell:;us, Antoni
of uncouth Ways, by reaſon of the winding of the mus Diadumcnianus, Julins Vers, Maximus the fon ot
hills. On the ſouth, the Caſtles of Talcharn and | Maximinus, Calinus Baloinus, Clodins Puprenus, Aqui-
Lhan Stephan (ſtand on the ſea-rocks, and are ample | /;a Sewers the wite of EJagabalus, and Sall. Barbia Or.
Talcharn.
Lhan Ste-
phan.
* Brir, Tav.
Wirland
Abbey»
Roman
8 OY 11S,
+ Enlogi-
um Brit.
C. 42. &XCs
|Com.Brir. But H. Lbwyd || a judicious Author, and very con-
Deſcripr,
Þ. 6s.
$eryator
feaci,Patrie
ſemper a-
mator, hic
Paulin'«
qacit,cultor
prontiſſim:s
Py q '4] .
tellimonies of warlike prowels, as well in the Englith
as Britains. Below Talcharn, the river * Teff is dil
charg'd into the ſea: on the bank of which river,
was famous heretofore Ty gwyn ar Dav, which ſg-
nifies, the white houſe on the river Taff ; lo call'd, be-
cauſe ic was built oi white haſel-rods for a Summer- |
houſe. Here, in the year of our redemption 914. |
Howel, * ſirnam'd the Good, Prince of Wales, in a full
aſſembly ( there being beſides Iaymen, 140 Eccleli- |
aſticks ) abrogated the Laws of his Anceſtors, and
gave new Laws to his people ; as the Preface before
thoſe laws teſtifies [d). In which place a ſmall Mo- ,
naſtery was built afterwards, call'd Wiland-Abbey.
Not far from hence is Kilmaen Lhwyd, where ſome |
Country-men lately diſcover'd an earthen Veilel, that |
contain'd a conſiderable quantity of Roman Coins |
of embas'd ſilver : from the time of Commodus (who |
was the firſt of the Roman Emperours that embas'd
filver ) to the fifth Tribuneſhip of Gordian the third ; |
' Sirnam'd Dha, that 15, good.
biana: which ( as being very rare ) were Coyns of
conliderable value amongſt Anrigbzries [e].
Ic remains now, that I give ſome account of ttew.-.,
New-caſtle; a {mall town ſeated on the bank of
che river Tezv4,. which divides this County from
Cardiganlhire ; for fo they now call it, becauſe it
was repaird by * Rhys ap Thomas, a ſtout wartriour
( who aflilted Hen. 7. in gaining his Kingdom, and
was by him deſervedly created Knight of the Gar.
ter, ) whereas formerly it was call'd + Elml:n Which + y.,,
name, it che Engliſh gave it from Elm-trees; their £-»»
conjecture is not to be deſpisd, who are of opinion
it was the Loventium of the Dimete mention'd by L;.
Ptolemy : tor an Elm is call'd in Britiſh Lbwyven | f |.
Seeing we find it not recorded, which of the Nor-
mans firſt extorted this Country out of the hands of
the Princes of Wales ; Order requires that we nov
proceed to the deſcription of Pembrokeſhire.
2 Sir Riſe ap Thomas.
This County has 87 Pariſhes.
— — OO ——
— — — — — —
-——
ADDI
[a]
Erlin, or Merdhin Emrys ( for fo our
Writers call him ) flouriſh'd An. 480.
The firſt of our Hiſtorians that men-
tions him is + Ninnius, who ſuppoſes
he was call'd Embreys Gleutic. He ſays nothing of
his being the ſon of an Incubas ; but on the contrary
cells us expreſly, his mother was afraid of owning the
father, leſt ſhe ſhould be ſentenc'd to dye for it : bur
that the boy confeſs'd to King Vortigern, that his
father was by Nation a Roman. The fame Author
informs us, that King Vortigern's Meſſengers found
him ad campum Eleft; in regione que wvocatur Gleviſmg 3
which whether it were at this Town or County, or
in ſome other place, ſeems very queſtionable ; no
places ( that I can hear cf) being known by ſuch
names at preſent. All the Monkiſh Writers that men-
tion him, make him either a Prophet or Magician.
verſant in Britiſh Antiquities, informs us he was a
man of extraordinary learning and prudence for
the time he liv'd in; and that for ſome skill in the
Matkematicks, many Fables were invented of him by
the vulgar ; which being afterwards put in writing,
were handed down to poſterity.
TIONS to CAER-MARDHIN-SHIR
[b] Theſe Caverns (taken notice of by our Au-
=
—______— ——————AA —CCCC
— _ —— emer re He
E,
thor ) are ſuppoſed, by ſome inquiſitive perſons who
have often view'd them, to have been Copper-mines
of the Romans. And indeed, ſeeing it is evident
( from ſome Antiquities found there) that Kaer-Gai in
Meirionydh-ſhire was a Roman Town or Fort ; and
that the place where theſe Caves are, is alſo call'd
Kaio ; 1 am apt to infer from the name, that this
place muſt have been likewiſe well known to the
Romans. And that I may note this by the way, I
ſuſpet moſt names of places in Wales that end in
[ or O. ſuch as Bod-Vari, Kewn Korwyni, Kaer-Gai ;
Lhanmo, Keidio, and Kaio, to be Roman names ; ſuch
terminations being not ſo agreeable with the Idiotiſm
of the Britiſh. But for the Antiquity of this place,
we need not wholly rely upon conjectures : for 1
have lately receiv'd from Mr. Eraſmus Saunders, A. B.
of Feſws College, Oxon. theſe following Inſcriptions ;
which he copy'd from two ſtones art a place calld
Pant 7 Polion, in this pariſh. The firſt, which I ſup-
| poſe to be Roman, lies flat on the ground, and is
placed crofs a gutter : but the other, which ſeems
to be of ſomewhat a later date, is pitch'd on end,
and is about a yard in heighe ; the Inſcription where-
of is to be read downwards :
COD. eee CIC
RNATVREID
= Rs nes —_
A
| PATRIEY/SEMPER |
AMATORHIC
JFWVSREQV
| PA/UN
VSACIT OV TORPIENT=|
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"i [c) I cannot conjeRture what might be the origi- Czſar Divi F. Figurs ftolata, dextra ramum, ſins-
nal ſignification of this word Tav : but it may be ſtrs cornu copize ® © -
worth our obſervation, that the moſt noted rivers in| 16. Ti. Czfar Divi Aug. F. Aug. - ©
Souch-Wales ſeem to have been thence denominated : Figura ſedens, drxtri baſtam, finiſtrt\ramum.
for beſides that there are three or four rivers of that | 17. T. Claud. Czfar Aug. Germ. Trib. Por. P.P.
name ; the firſt Syilable alſo» in Tawy, Towy, Tervi, Agrippinz Auguitz. Capur Agrippme. |
and Dyvi, ſeems to me bur ſo many various pronun: | 18. Nero Czſar Auguſtus. He
ciations of it: and for the latter Syllab'e, I have) Jupicer Cuſtos. Fupiter ſedens, dextri frlmen te-
New.rg --- -* elſewhere offer d my conjecture, that it only denotes | nens, fmiſtri Cathedre innixa *. |
- ® 24 River, or perhaps Water. Nor would it ſeem to{ 19+ Nero Czlar Auguſtus.
- me very ablucd, if any ſhould derive che name of Salus. Figure Cathedre inſidens, dextry pateram.
the river Thames from the ſame original. For ſince | 20. Imp. Ser. Galba Caf. Aug. |
we find ic pretty evident, that the Romans changed Salus Gen. ... mani | forte Generis humani | Figu-
Dyed (the ancient name of this Country) into Djz- re flans coram ara accenſa, ſmiſtri temonem, dextro
',, mitia, and Kynedbaw (a man's name) into f Cunotamu: : pede globutm calcans.
'1 WF--+ and alſo that in many words where the Latins uſe 21. Imp. M. Ocho Cafar Aug. Tr. P.
" P an M. the Britains have an V. as Firmus, Firy ; Ter- Securitas P. R. Figura ſt ans, dextrz corollam, ſinz-
minus, Tervin ; Amnis, Avon; Lima, Lhiv; &c. it; le bacillum *.
Lo's ſeems not unlikely, ( conſidering we find the word | 22. imp. Czfſar Veſpalianus Auguſtus.
Ponte. Max. Tr. P. Cof. V. Caduceum alatum.
7.iiv, uſual in the names of our nvers ) that the Bri: |
tains might call that river 7iv, Tavwy, or Tavwys, | 23: Czſar Aug. Domitianus.
b:fore the Roman Conqueſt ; which they afterwards Col.... Pegaſus.
call'd T ameſis. | 24. Imp. Cxl. Domic. Aug. Germ. Tr. P.
[d] An ancient MS. Copy of che Laws mention'd | Imp. xx1. Col. xv. Cens P. P. P. Palls navi
by Mr. Camden, may* be ſeen at Feſw College Li- | infiſtens, dextri jaculum, ſimſtri ſcutum.
brary in Oxford, fairly wric on parchment; the F.
Pieface whereof does not inform us that Howe! Dba | The Camp where theſe Coyns were found, is ſome-
abrogated all the Laws of his Anceſtors ; but expreſly what of an oval form, and may be at leaſt 30o pa-
tells us, that according to the advice of his Council, ſome of ces 1h circumference. The bank or r ampire is near
the ancient Laws he retain'd, others he correfted, and the entry, about three yards in height; but elle-
1:5%- ſome be quite diſannull'd, appointing others in their ſtead ||. where 'tis generally much lower. Art the entrance
4 {e] Anno 1692. there were about 200 Roman (which is about four yards wide) the two ends of the
i" Coins found not far from hence, at a place call'd | dike are not diretly oppoſite ; the one (at che point
+ Bronyskawen in Lhan Boydy pariſh. They were diſco- | Whereof the Coins were found ) being continu'd
i : ver'd by 2 Shepherd boys, at the very entry of a ſpaci- ſomewhat farther out than the other, ſo as to render
*- ous Camp call'd y Gaer; buried in 2 very rude leaden | be paſſage oblique. On each fide the Camp, there
; boxes (one of which I have caus'd to be figur'd in the | 15 an old Barrow or Tumulus ; the one a ſmall one,
".4 Table, n. 10.) fo near the ſurface of the ground, that ſomewhat near it; the other, which is much big-
Were not wholly out of ſight. They were all of fi]- | 87, at leaſt 3o0o yards diſtant : both hollow on the
* ver, and were ſome of the ancienteſt Roman Coins | *9P- The leaden boxes wherein theſe Coins were
preſerv'd, are fo very rude, that were it not for
what they contain'd, I ſhould never imagine them
Roman. For they appear only like lumps of lead-
ceptable to the Curious ; though I have only thoſe | OTC, and weigh about F pound, though chey contain
ſcarce half a pint of liquor. They are of an orbicu-
in my poſſeſhon which are thus diſtinguiſh'd with
an alleti:k *. lar form, like ſmall loaves ; and have a round hole
in the middle of the lid, about the circumference of
1. Art. Aug. 111vir R, P.C. Navs pretoria. a ſhilling.
[ f ] The old Britiſh name of Emlin is Dinas Em-
7, Nf Leg. V... Duo wexilla caftrenſia, cum ter- | |
114 in medio longe breviori, in cujus ſummo, aquila | lin; the moſt obvious interpretation whereof ( tho'
als altius ereft ws. I ſhall not much contend for it ) is Urbs e/Emilians.
2. Ant. Aug. Navs pretoria. I cannot find that ever it was call'd Elmlim, either in
Leg. X. Duo ſigna caſtrenſia cum aquila legimaria *. | Welſh or Engliſh ; and cher efore dare not ſubſcribe
3- Ant. Aug. 111vicR.P. C. Navs pretoria. to our Author's conjecture, that the Lowantinum of
Leg. XII. Tria wexila caſtrenſia. the Dimer.e, mention'd by Prolemy, was at thus place ;
4. Caput forte Neptuni cum Tridente & tergo. nor yet that it periſh'd (which he alſo propoſes as
Inf. Cuc. Re.. Vi&oria in dorſo Delphi. Hic probable ) in the lake Lhyn Savadban in Brecknock-
nummmus etiam 1M. Antonii videtur. ſhire. Indeed the footſteps of ſeveral Towns and
5. Q. Caflius Veſt. Imago wirginis Veſtalis. Forts that flouriſl'd in the time oPthe Romans, are
Ac. Templum Veft& cum ſella & urna. *. now ſo obſcure and undiſcernable, that we are not
. Q Caflius Libert. Imago Libertatis. tro wonder if the conjectures of learned and jyudi-
Ac. Templum Veſt cum ſella curuli & urna. *. cious men about their ſituation, prove ſometimes er-
7. Geta 111vir. Image Diane. roneous. I have lately obſerv'd in Cardiganſhice,
_ Nummwus ſerratus. ſome tokens of a Roman Fort, which I ſuſped to
. C. Hoſidi C. F. Aper Venabulo trajeftus cum cane have been the Lowvantinum or Lovantium of Ptolemy ;
for which I ſhall cake the liberty of offering my ar-
Venatico.
Geta 111vir. Imago Diane cum pharetra & Arcu *. | guments, when we come into that County.
T Beſides the Inſcriptions we oblerv'd at Kao,
9. Marc * Caput Rome.
Roma. Quadrige. there are three or four others in this County which » Alias
1c. C. 111. Nz. B. Vidoria in Trigis. may deſerve our notice. The firſt is not far from ; ue
Dee cujuſdam Imago. Caer-Mardbin town in Lhan-Newydh pariſh 3 which & 2;;.
11. L. Procili F. uno ſoffit in bigis: infra ſerpens La- | by the names therein ſhould be Roman ; tho' the
PUUVINUS. form of ſome Letrers, and the rudeneſs of the Stone
Junonis ſofpite imago. Nummus ſerratus *. on which they are inſcrib'd, might give us grounds
!2. M, Thoriv. Balbu. Taurus decarrens. co ſuſpe it the Epicaph of ſome perſon of Roman
I S. M. R. Scſpita Func. deſcent, but that liv'd ſomewhat later than their
13 IT tort.. Victoria in quadrigis. time. The ſtone is a rude pillar, erected near the
SC. R. Caput Roma, Nummus ſerratus *. highway ; ſomewhat of a flat form, five or ſix fot
14 Cxlar. Elephs cum Dracone. high, and about half a yard in breadch, and contains
Capeduncula, Aſpergillum, Securis, & Albogalerus : | the following Inſcription, not to be read down-
ſig na Pontificis max:mi & Dialis Flaminas ®. wards, as on many ſtones in theſe Countries, but
1. Capur Auguſti, fine In{criptione. from the left to the right.
Rr The
we find in Britain. Of about jo have ſeen of them,
the lateſt were of Domitian Col. xv. An. Dom. 91.
But perhaps a Catalogue of chem may not be unac-
—— ——
DIMET
Sepul-
chum} $e-
werint filll
$Severs.
Sepul-
chrum}]
ſan Cui ?)
Menvenda
m filit
Barcuni,
H:ic jacet
Ulcacinus
filius Seno-
macili.
| ſome account in Radnerſbire) coverd with Turf. Ar
=== | |.the center of the cavity on the top we find a vaſt
E [\ Ml | rude Lhech { or flat ſtone ] ſomewhat of an oval
7 | form, about three yards in length , five foot over
| where broadeſt, and about ten or twelve inches thick,
F1 U EV E | ! [ A * Gentleman, to fatisfie my curiolity, having em. *
ploy'd ſome Labourers to {earch under it, found it af. '* -
EY ter removing much ſtone, to be the covering of ſuch d.;,"
ar gr Monument as = call rar 7. Or Stone.
=p » Ameoed, | <e#t; which was about, four foor and a hait in length,
5 I 4 ecooke = _—__— - ns gs fl _ . a and abour three foot broad , bur lomewhat narrower
Monument as the former. At preſene it lyes on the | at the Eaſt than Welt-end. "Tis made up of 7 ſtones,
round ; but conſidering its form , 'tis probable it | _—_ the covering-ſtone alr oo 9405" d, ewo lide-
ood heretofore upright ; and if ſo, the Inſcription | ,**-?, One at each end, and one behind each of thee
7 for the better ſecurinz or bolſtering of them ; all
wanwards. - .
was read downwar equally rude, and about the ſame thickneſs, the rwo
laſt excepred, which are conſiderably thicker. They
CEN ICMDAN—| tound as well within the Cheſt as without, ſome rude
E= ME NV = N/ DA N— pieces of brick (or ſtones burnt like them) and free.
', _ {ome of on were _—_— ha amr
TIREEES | allo ſome pieces of bones, but ſuch as they ſuppoſed
<f [| 6 ARCV N only biweke in by Foxes, but not ſinking to = 4m
tom of the Cheſt, we know not what elſe it may
; | altord.
Both theſe names of Menvendan and Barcun, are Kjz y Dyrn (the name of this Tumulus ) is now
now obſolete ; nor do I remember to have read <i- | ſcarce intelligible ; but if a conjecture may be al-
ther of them, in any Genealogical MS. But near | low'd, I ſhould be apt to interpret it King's Barrow,
this Monument there is a place call'd Kews Yareber, | I am ſenſible that even ſuch as are well acquainted
which may ſeem to be denominated, either from | with the Welſh Tongue, ma- at firſt view thiak this
this Barcun, or ſome other of the ſame name. The | a groundleſs opinion, and wonder what I aim at ; but
third and fourth Inſcription was copied by my above- | when they conſider that the common word Teyrnax,
mention'd friend Mr. Eraſmuw Saunders , from a po- | which ſignifies a Kingdom, is only a derivative from
liſh'd Free-ſtone at the Welt-end of the Church of | the old word Teyrn, (which was originally the ſame
Lhan Vihangel Gerwerth. | with Tyramnus, and hgnified a King or Prince) they
will perhaps acknowledge it not altogether improba-
ble. And conſidering the rudenels of the Monument
deſcrib'd, and yet the labour and force required in
bh 6 i kf \ E V G erefting it, I am apt to ſuſpe& it the Barrow of ſome
Britiſh Prince, who _ live probably before the
Fe Roman Conqueſt. For ſeeing it is much too barba-
SEN MAY C rous to be ſuppoſed Roman ; and that we do not find
in Hiſtory that the Saxons were ever concern'd here,
” £ or the Danes any farther than in plundering the Sea-
| ES LS, coaſts, it ſeems neceſſary to concliide it Britiſh. That
The fourth (which ſeems lebs intelligible than the 'it was a Royal Sepulchre I am apt to infer, partly
reſt) was alſo communicated by che lame hand. The | from the ſignification of the name ; which being not
ſtone whence he copied it, is neatly carv'd , about 6 | underſtood in theſe ages, could not therefore be any
foot high,and 2 foot broad,and hasa cavity onthetop, | novel invention of the vulgar ; and partly for that
which makes me ſuſpect it to have been noother than (as I hinted already) more labour and force was re-
the'Pedeftal of a Croſs.It may bs ſeen at a place deno- quired here than we can ſuppoſe to be allow'd to
minated from it, Kae'r Maen , not far from Aber San- | perſons of inferiour quality. That *tis older than
an; but for the meaning of the Inſcription, it it bs | Chriſtianity,there's no room to doubt; but that it was
any other than the StONe-cutter's name, (tho I con- | before the RomanConqueſlt,is only my comecture,ſup-
tefs I know no name like it) I mult leave it to the | poſing that after the Britains were reduced by the Ro-
Reader's conjecture. mans, they had none whom they could call Ter; or
King, whoſe corps or aſhes might be repoſited here.
Gwaly Vilaſt or Bwwrdb Arthur in Lban Bondy pariſh,
is a monument in ſome reſpect like that we have ce-
{cribed at this Barrow , viz. a rude ſtone about ten
yards in circumference, and above three foot thick,
In the Pariſh of Lhan Yair y Bryn, we find mani- | ſupported by four pillars, which are about two toot
feſt ſigns of a place poſſeſs'd by the Romans. For | and a half in length.
not far from the Eaſt-end of the Church, Labourers | But Buarth Arthur or Meineu Gv4yr , on a Mountain
frequently dig up bricks, and meet with fome other | near Kil y maen lbwyd, is one of that kind of circular
marks of Roman Antiquitiy ; and there is a very | Stone-monuments our Engliſh Hiſtorians aſcribe to the
notable Roman way of Gravel and ſmall Pebles , | Danes. The Diameter of the Circle is about ewenty
continued from that Church to Lhan Bran, the feat | yards.The ſtones are as rude as may be,and pitch'd on
of the worſhipful Sackwil Gwyn Eſq; which (as I am ;end at uncertain diſtances from each other, fome 2t
told). may be alſo trac'd betwixt this Char Vair, and | three or four foot, but others about two yards ; and
Lhan Deilaw wvawr , and is viſible in ſeveral other | are alſo of ſeveral heights, ſome being about three
places. or four foot high, and others five or ſix. There are
This Country abounds with ancient Forrs, Camps, | now ſtanding here fifteen of them ; but there ſ:em
and Tumuli or Barrows , which we have not room | to be ſeven or eight carried off, The entry into 1:
here to take notice of. I ſhall therefore mention on- | for about the ſpace of three yards, is guarded on each
ly one Barrow, call'd Xrig y Dyrn, in the Pariſh of | ſide with ſtones much lower and leſs than thoſe of
Trelech, which feems particularly remarkable. The | the circle, pitch'd fo cloſe as to be contiguous. And
circumference of it at bottom may be about 60 pa- | over againſt this avenue, at the diſtance of about 22
ces, the height about 6 yards. It riſes with an eafje | paces, there ſtand on end three other large , rude
aſcent, and is hollow on the top, gently inclining | ſtones, which I therefore note particularly, becau!?
from the circumference to the center. This Barrow | there are alſo four or five ſtones erected at ſuch a di
15 not a mount of Earth, as others generally are; bur | ſtance from that circular Monument they call Xwg 5
ſeems to have been ſuch a heap of ſtones, as are call'd | fones near Little Rolrich in Oxfordſhire. As for t:2
in Wales Karnedbeu ( whereof the Reader may fee | name of Bruarth Arthur, *tis only a nick name - the
| yulgaT,
w* ruins of Manober Caſt
PENBROKSHIRE
vulgar, whoſe humour it is, though not ſo much (as
ſome have imagin'dy out of ignorance and creduli-
ty, as a kind of Ruſtick diverſion, to dedicate ma-
ny unaccountable Monuments to the memory of that
Hero ; calling ſome ſtones of ſeveral tun weight his
Coits, others his Tables,Chairs, 8&c. But Meineu gWyr
is ſo old a name, that it ſeems ſcarce intelligible. Mer
neu is indeed our common word for large ſtones ; but
gr in the preſent Britiſh ſignifies only crooked, which
is {ſcarce applicable to theſe ttones, unleſs we ſhould
—— — —_—
_ . — —
my part I leave every man to his conjeture, and
ſhall only add that near Cape! King in Caernarvon-
ſhire, there is a ſtone pitch'd on end,call'd alſo Mae
| gr 3 which perhaps is the only Scone now remain-
|1ng of ſuch a circular Monument as this. At leaſt-
| wiſe it hasfuch a Ki# warn by ir (but much fefs). as
; that we obſervd in the midſt of the Monument
| defcrib'd in Glamorganſhire, by the name of Kars
Lhechart.
Of late, Carmarthen hath given the ticle of Mar-
Marquiſs of
Carmar-
ſuppoſe chem ſo denominated, becauſe ſome of them | quils to the righe honourable Thomas Ozborn , Earl of #**»
are not at prelent dire&ly upright , but a little incli-
ning. It may be, ſuch as take chele circular Monu-
ments for Druid-Temples may imagine them fo call'd
trom bowing, as having been places of worſhip. For
PENBRO
HE Sea now winding it ſelf to the
South, and by a vaſt compaſs and le-
veral Creeks rendring the ſhore very
uneven, encroaches on all ſides on the
County of Penbroke (Commonly call'd
Penbrokſhire, in ancient Records The
Legal County of Penbroke, and by fome,Weſt-Wales) ex-
cept on the Eaſt, where it is bounded with Caer-
mardhin-ſhire , and the North , where it borders on
Cardiganſhire. "Tis a fertile Country for Corn,attords
plenty of Marl and fuch like things to fatten and
enrich the Land, as alſo of Coal for Fuel , and is ve-
ry well ſtock'd with Cattel. 7hs Conntry (laith Gi-
raldus) affords plenty of Wheat , ws well ſruv'd with
Sea-fiſh and imported Wme ; and (which exceeds all other
advantages) in regard of its nearweſs to Ireland , enjoys
a wholſome Ar.
.., Firſt, on the Southern Coaſt,7enb;gh a neat town,
* 2 ſtrongly wall'd,beholds the Sea from the dry ſhore ;
a place much noted for the Ships that harbour there,
and for plenty of Fiſh, whence in Britiſh it's call'd
Dinbech y Pyskod; govern'd by a Mayor and a Bailiff.
To the Weſt of this place are ſeen on the ſhore the
* calPd by Giraldus Pyrrhas's
Manſion ; in whoſe time (as he himſelf informs us )
it was adorn'd with ſtately Towers and Bulwarks, having
on the Weſt-(ide a ſpaciow Haven, and wider the Walls,
to the North and Northweſt an excellent Fiſh-pond, re-
markable as well for its neatneſs, as the depth of its water.
The ſhore being continu'd ſome few miles from hence,
and at length withdrawing it ſelf, the Sea on both
ſides comes far into the Land, and makes that Port
which the Engliſh call MiIford- Haven ; than which
there is none in Europe, either more ſpacious or ſe
cure, ſo many Creeks and Harbours hath it on all
ſides ; and to uſe the Poet's words,
Hic exarmatum terru cingentibus 4quor
Clauditur, & placidam diſcit ſeryare quietem.
Here circling banks the furious winds controul,
And hor ago with gentle murmurs rowl.
For it contains ſixteen Creeks, five Bays, and thirteen
Roads , diſtinguiſh'd by their ſeveral names. Nor
is this Haven more celebrated for theſe advantages,
than for Henry the Seventh of happy memory land.
Ing here ; who from this place gave England ( at
that time languiſhing with Civil Wars) the Signal of
good hopes.
At the innermoſt and eaſtern Bay of this Haven *,
long Cape (ſaith Giraldus)extended from Milver-dike with
* ferkel bead. ſhews the principal townof thu Province, and
the Metropols of Dimetia,ſeated on a rocky oblong Promon-
tory, in the moſt pleaſant Country of all Wales , call'd by
Danby ; upon whole advancement to the Dukedom
' of Leeds, the honour of Marquiſs of Carmarthen is now
deſcended to his cldeſt fon and heir.
KSHIRE.
| the Britains Penvro, which ſignifies rhe Cape or Sea-
Promontory, and thence in Engliſh, Penbroke. Arnulph
| de Montgomery, brother to Robert Earl of Shrewsbury,
; built thus Caſtle in the time of King Henry the firſt , but
very meanly with Stakes only and green Turf. Which upcn
Windſor,a prudent man, his Conſtable and Lieutenant Gene-
ral,who with a ſmall Gariſon was preſently beſieged therein,
by all the Forces of South-Wales.But Giraldas and his party
made ſuch reſiſtance (tho' more with courage than
ſtrength) that they were forced to retire without
ſuccels. Afffcerward, this Giraldus fortitied both the
Town and Caſtle; trom whence he annoy'd the
neighbouring Countries a great way round. And for
the better fettlemene of himſelf and his friends in
this Country, he married Ne#, the ſiſter of Prince
Gryffydb , by whom he had a noble Off-fpring ; by
whoſe means(laith Giraltdus, who was deſcended from
him) not only the Maritime parts of South-Wales were
retain'd by the Engliſh, but alſo the Walls of Ireland redu-
ced. For all thoſe noble Families in Ireland call'd
Giralds, Giraldines , and Fitz-Giralds , are deſcended
from him. In regard of the Tenwre of this Caſtle and
Town, and the Caſtle and Town of Tinbigh , of the
Grange of King's-Wood, the Commot of Croytarath and
Manour of Caſtle- Martin and Tregoir, Reginald Grey at
the Coronation of Henry the fourth, claim'd the
honour of bearing the fecond Sword, but all in vain ;
for 'twas anſwerd, that at that time thoſe Caſtles and
Farms were in the King's hands, as alſo at this day
the Town of Pembroke , which is a Corporation, and
is govern'd by a Mayor and two Bayliffs.
On another Bay of this Haven we find Carew-
——
already mention'd.
in the ſame Chanel, call'd in the Britiſh tongue Cled-
beu, which in Engliſh ſignifies a Sword, whence they
call it Aber-dau-Gledbeu, i. e. the Haven of two Swords.
ver the Holy-Land.
That part of the Country which lies beyond the
Haven, and is water'd only with theſe two rivers, is
call'd by the Britains Rhos ; a name deriv'd from the
ſituation of it, for that it is a large green plain. This
part is inhabited by Flemmgs , who ſettled here by
the permiflion of King Henry the firſt ; when as the
F 4
' W:1 govern'd by a Mayor, and ſtrongly wall'd toward the Land.
town, one direft ſtreet upon a long narrow point a” rock. and 2 forked arm
I: hath A Caſtle, bu! now rumate ; al [ds Parijb C24r. 13s 1; 121 H th: was, and is incorporate 0} 4} Mayor,
Tadus z wg A
In the moſt pleaſant Country of all Wales, ftand:th Penbroke the Shire-
of Milfora-haven ebbing ana flowing cloſe r9 the Tyawn-walls on both ftdes.
Bailift;, and Burgefſes. But hear Gi-
hu return afterward: into England be deliver'd to Girald of
Ca#tle, which gave both name and original to the
Wuſtrious Family of Carew , who affirm themſelves
to have been call'd at firſt de Montgomery, and that
they are deſcended from that Arnulph de Montgomery
Two Rivers are diſcharg'd into this Haven, almoſt
Sea
Origin of
th- Giralds
in Ireland.
Rotulus
Servitig-
rum.
Carew-
caltle.
Cledheu.
Hard by the more eaſterly of them, ſtandeth Slebach.
once a Commandery of the Knights of St. John of
Jeruſalem, which, with other Lands, 7#5z0 and his fon
Walter fetled upon that holy Order ; that they mighe
ſerve as the Champions of Chriſt, in order to reco-
Flemings ©
when
cat-
ed 12 Walcs.
DIM
ETA.
Lirtle Eng-
lavd be
yond Wales.
Sea, meking breaches in their fences, had drown'd a |
conſiderable part of the Low-Countreys. They are at,
this day diſtinguiſh'd from the Welſh by cheir ſpeech
and cuſtoms: and they ſpeak a language fo agreeable
with the Engliſh ( which indeed has much affinity
with Dutch ) that this ſmall Country of theirs is call d
by the Britains Little England beyond Wales. Thu (faith
Gu aldus ) &s a ſtout and reſolute Nation, and wery off en-
What kind of place this Sr. David's was heretofore, is
hard to gueſs, ſzeing ic has been ſo often lack'd by
Pirates: at preſent it is a very mean city, and ſhew;
only a fair Church conſecrated to Sr. Andrew and
St. David. Which having been often demoliſhd ;
was built in that form we now fee it, in the ceign oi
King John, by Peter chen Biſhop thereof and his
fucceſlors, in the Yale ( as they call ic ) cf Rb, un.
der the town. Not far from it is the Biſhop's palace,
frue to the Welſh by their Fequent shirmiſhes : a people, |
much inured to cloathing and merchandize, and ready to and very fair houſes, of the Chanter ( who is chict
mcreaſe their ſtock at any labour or hazard, by ſea and | next the Biſhop, for here 15 no Dean ) the Chancel.
land. A mo#t puiſſant Nation, and equally prepared, as | lour, the Treaſurer, and four Archdeacons, who are
time and place ſhall require, either for the ſword or plow. ' of the Canons ( wheteof there are * ewenty one, )
And that I may add alſo thi one thing, a Nation mo#t ; all incloſed wich a ſtrong and ſtately wall 5.
devored to the Kings of England, and faithful to the Eng- | This Promontory is lo far extended weſtwatd,
liſh; and which, in the cime of Giraldus, underſtood that in a clear day we may lee Ireland : and from
Socthlaying, or the inſpection of the Entrails of beaſts, hence is the ſhortelt paſſage into it ; which Pliny er.
even to admiration. Moreover, the Flemings-way, | roneouſly computed to be thirty miles diſtant fiom
which was a work of theirs, ( as they are a Nation , the Country of the Silures ; for he thought their
exceeding induſtrious,) is ſeen here extended through , country had extended thus tar. But we may gather
a long tract of ground. The Welſh endeavouring to , from thele words of Giraldus, that this Cape was once
regain their old country, have often ſer upon theſe extended farther into the fea ; and that the form of
Flemings with all their power, and have ravag'd and the Promontory has been alter'd. 4: ſuch time as
ſpoild their borders ; but they always with a ready | Henry 2. (ſaith he ) was in Ircland, by reaſon of an ex- Tr:
courage defended their lives, their fortunes, and re- | traordinary wiolence of ſtorms, the ſandy ſhores of thy _
putation [a]. Whence William of Malmesbury writes coat were laid bare, and that face of the land appear d (.,
this of them, and of William Rufus ; Wiliam Rufus which bad been ccvrr'd for many ages. Alſo the Trunks
had gencrally but ill fortune again#t the Welſh; which one of trees which bad been cut down, ſtanding m the mid{t
may well wonder at, ſeeing all hu attemprs elſewhere prov , of the ſea, with the ſtrokes of the axe as freſh as if the)
ſucceſiful. But I am of opinion, that as the unevenneſs of | bad been yeſterday: with very black earth, and ſeveral
Faveritord-
mitt.
Octopita-
rum.
Sr. Par id -
| ,
—
LILLE
St. Patrick.
s David”; Houſe ; by the Saxons Dauyo.Mynreen, and
therr country and ſeverity of the weather fawour'd their
rebellion, ſo it hinder d bis progres. But King Henry,
that now reigns, a man of excellent wiſdom, found out an
art to fruſtrate all their inventions, 7 planting Fleming s
in ther country, to curb and contmually baraſi |
again in the fifth book ; King Henry often endeavour d
to reduce the Welſh, who were always prone to rebellion :
at laſt wery adviſedly, im order to abate their pride, he
tranſplanted thither all the Fleming » that liv'd m England.
For at that time there were many of them come over on
account of their relation to bis mother, by ber father's ſide;
inſomuch that they were burdenſome to the Kmgdom :
wherefore be thruſt them all into Ros, a Province of Wales,
as into a common (hore, as well to rid the Kingdom of
them, as to curb the obſtinacy of bis enemnes.
On che more welterly of thele ewo rivers call'd
Cledbeu, in a very uneven lituation, lies Haverford ;
call'd by the Britains Hwifordb : a town of good ac-
count, as well for its neatneſs as number of inhabi-
rants 3, This is a County of it ſelf, and is govern'd
by a Mayor, a Sheriff, and ewo Bayliffs. Ir is re-
ported, th t the Earls of Clare fortify'd it on the
no: th-lide with walls and a rampire ;z and we have
it r.\corded, that Richard Earl of Clare made Richard
Fiz-Tarkred Governour of this caſtle.
Feyond Ros, we have a ſpacious Promontory, ex-
tended far into rhe Irith ſea; call'd by Ptolemy O&o-
pitarum, by the Britains Pebidiog and Kantrev Dewi,
and in Englith St. David's Land. A Land ( faith Gi»
raidus) berh rocky ard barren, neither clad with trees,
nor diſt ing wiſh d with rivers, nur adorn'd with meadows ;
but expos d continually to the winds and ſtorms : however
the retiring place and nurſery of ſeveral Saints. For
Calpburnins a Britiſh Prieſt, ( as ſome have written, I
know not how truly ) begar here, in the vale of
Rhss, St. Patrick the Apoſtle of lreland, on his wife
Concha, ſiſter of St. Martin of Tours. And Dewi, a
moſt Religious Biſhop, tranſlaed the Archiepiſcopal
ſeat from Kuer-Leion to the utmoſt corner of this
place, viz. Menew | b] or Menewvia, which from him
was afterwards call'd by che Britains Ty Dew 1. e.
|
them. And ! 4
by our modern Engliſh Sr. David's. For a long time
old blocks like Ebony. So that now it did not appear like
the ſea-ſhore, but rather reſembl'd a grove, by a miraculous
Metamorphoſis, perhaps ever gow 5 time of the Deluge,
or elſe long after, at leaſtwiſe very anciently, as well cut
own, as conſumed and ſwallowed up by degrees, by the
wivlence of the ſea, continually encreaching upon , and
waſhing off the land | c]. And that ſaying of William
Rufus ſhews that the lands were not here disjoyn'd
by any great ſea ; who when he beheld Ireland " ws
theſe rocks, ſaid, Fe#could eaſily make a bridge of
ſhips, whereby he might walk trom England into
that Kingdom.
There are excellent and noble Fulcons that breed rim
in theſe rocks, which our King Henry 2. ( as the
ſame Giraldus informs us) was wont co prefer to all
others. For (unleſs I am deceiv'd, by ſome of chat
neighbourhood } they are of chat kind which they
call Peregrins. For according to the account they
give of them, I need not uſe other words to deſcribe
them, than theſe verſes of that excellent Poet of our
age, Auguſtus Thuanus Eſmerius, in that golden book
he entitles Hieracoſophion :
Depreſſus capitzs wertex, oblongaque toto
Corpore pennarum ſeries, pallentia crura,
Er praciles digits ac ſparſi, nareſque rotunde.
Flat heads, and teathers laid in curious rows
O'er all their parts, hook'd beaks, and ſlender claws.
The ſea now with great violence aſſails the land,
receding from this Promontory ; which is a ſmall
region call'd the Lordſhip of Kemaes. The chief place &
in it is Fiſcard, ſeated on a ſteep rock, and having a+...
convenient harbour for ſhipping : ſo call'd by the
Engliſh from a Fiſhery there ; and by the Britains
Aber-Gwain, which ſignifies the mouth of the river
Gwain. 'The next 15 Newport * on the river Newern, N:
call'd in Britiſh Trevdraeth, which ſgnities the town
on the ſands. This was built by Afartin of Tours,
whoſe poſterity made ic a corporation, granted it
ſeveral privileges, and conſtituted therein a Portricve
and Bayliff; and alſo built themſelves a Caſtle above
the town, which was their chief ſeat. They allo
_
» 6,
*
it had its Archbilhops ; but che plague raging very ! founded the Monaſtery of St. Dogmae! 7 on the bank *'**
much in this Country, the Pall was cranſlaced co DoU of the river Teivi, in a Vale encompaſs'd with hills, rc;
in Lictlc Britain, which was the end of this Archi- from which the village adjoyning ( as many other
epilcopal dignity. Notwithſtanding which, in the towns from Monaſteries ) took it's beginning. This _
later ages, the Britains commenc'd an Action on that Barony was firſt wreſted out of the hands of the [***
account, againſt the + meer of Canterbury, Me- Welſh by Martin of Tours, from whoſs poſterity 7: t-
cropolitan ct England and Wales ; but were caſt. ( who were from him call'd Martins ) ic deſcended
—
ODS —— ct a et A EO ro
— — ——
ps rm. In CIS. os - —
+ Twenty two. 5 Whereupm they ca5 it, The Clole*
3 £01447 upin an his fide, Facing farce wie ever Pareet, but is Ferp ane way oy 8c her.
7 /ccording to the Order of Tours. 1
y
ol | : Ka 2 ; 4 ;»* is ” _— lo # .
ft + F< vu! of 4 j if Ty: z ik. V 431-R iN 3. 4; its Recoras, Nov $+ But gus
PENBRO
KSHIRE
by marriage to the Barons de Audeley, They held it
a long time, until the reign of King Henry 8. when
William Owen, deſcended irom a daughter of Sir N-
cholas Martin, alter a tedious ſuit at law for his right,
at laſt obtain'd it, and left it to his fon George 5 who,
(being an exquiſite Antiquary) has inform'd me, that
there are in this Barony, beſides the chree Burrows,
(Newport, Fiſhgard, and St. Dogmael) 20 Knights-foes
and 26 Pariſhes.
More inward on the river Te:w4 already mention'd,
.. lies Kil Garen ; which ſhews the ruins of a Caſtle
built by Giraldus. But now being reduc'd to one
ſtreet, it's famous for no other thing than a plentiful
Salmon Fiſhery. For there is a very famous Selmon-
Leap where the river tails headlong ; and the Salmons
making up trom the {za towards the Shailows of the
river, when they come to this cataract bend their
tails to their mouths ; nay ſometimes, that they may
leap with greater force, hold it in their teeth ; and
then upon diſengaging themſelves from their circle,
with a certain violence, as when a {tick that's bent
is reflected, they caſt themſelves from the water up
to a great height, even to the admiration of the ſpe-
&tators : which Auſonixs thus deſcribes very elegantly :
Nec te puniceo rutilanterm viſcere, Salmo,
Tranſierim, late cujus vaga verbera caude,
Gurg ite de medio [ummas referuntur in undas.
Nor thou, red Salmon, ſhalt be laſt in fame,
Whoſe flirting tail cuts through the deepeſt ſtream,
With one ſtrong jerk the wondring flood deceives,
And ſporting mounts thee to the utmoſt waves.
; There have been divers Earls of Penbroke de-
: ſcended from ſeveral families. As for Arnulph of
Montgomery, who firſt conquer'd it, and was after-
wards out-law'd ; and his Caſftellan Girald | of Wind-
ſor] whomy King Henry 1. made afterwards Preſident
over the whole country ; I can ſcarce affirm that they
were Earls. King Stephen firſt conferr'd the title of
Ear! of Pembroke upon Gilbert Stronghow lon of Gifſle-
bert de Clare. He.leit it to his fon Richard Strong-
bow, the Conquerour of Ireland ; who was ( as Gi-
raldus has it) &4 Clara Clarenſium families oriundus, de-
{cended from the famous family of the Clares. Iſabella
the only daughter of this Earl, brought this title
to her husband Wiliam Marſhal (fo call'd for that
his Anceſtors had been hereditary Marſhals of the
King's palace) a very accompliſh'd perſon, well in-
ſtructed in the arts of peace and war. Of whom we
find this Epitaph in Rudburn's Annals :
Sum quem Saturnum fibi ſenſit Hibernia, Solem
Anglia, Mercurium Normanms, Galia Martem.
Me Mears the French, their Sun the Engliſh own'd,
The Normans Mercury, Iriſh Saturn found.
After him his five ſons were ſucceflively Earls of
Pembroke ; Viz. Wiliam, call'd the younger; Richard,
who having rebell'd againſt Henry 3. fled into Ire-
land, where he died in battel ; Giberr, who at a
tournament in War was unhors'd, and fo kill'd ; and
Walter and Anſelm *. All theſe dying in a ſhort ſpace
without iſſue; King Henry 3. inveſted with the
Haſtings his grandchild by a fon,'* who was Lord of
Abergavenny,was imade E. of Penbroke by a Reſcript
of K. Edward 3. a copy whereof it may not be amits
to ſubjoyn here, thac we may ſee what right there
was by heirs-female in theſe honorary ticles. Rex
omnibus ad quos, &c. ſalutem. Know je, that the good
preſage of wiſdom and virtue, which 2e howe conce:n/d
by the towardly youth and bappy beginnings of our mo#t
well beloved Couſin Lawrence Hatiings, d:fervedly in-
duce ts 10 countenance him with our eſpecial grace and f«-
vour, in thoſe things -which concern the dus preſervation
and maintenance of bu honour. Ii hrreas therefore, the
inheritance of Aimar of Valence, /ometime Earl of Pen-
broke, deceas'd long ſmee withous bur begotten of has body,
bath been devoly/d upon hu ſiſters, properttunably to be ds-
vided among them and their beirs ; becauſe we know for
certain, that the foreſaid Lawrence, who ſucceed«th the
ſaid Aimar in part of the inberitance, # deſcended from the
eldeſt fiſter of Aimar aforeſaid, and ſo by the evouching of
the learned, whom we con/ulred about thu matter, the Pre-
rogative both of name and bonour uw due unto him. W:
deem it jutk. and due, that the ſame Lawrence claiming
bis title the elder fiſter, aſſume and have the name of
Earl of Penbroke, which the ſad Aimar bad whilst
be lid. Which, as much as lyath in us, we confirm,
ratifie, and alſo approve unto him : willing and granting,
that the ſaid Lawrence have and bold the Prerogatroe
and bonour of Earl-Palatine in thoſe Iands which he hold-
eth of the ſaid Aimar's inheritance ; [o fully and after the
ſame manney as the ſame Aimar bad and beld them, at the
tare of bis death, &&c. Witneſs the King at Montmartin,
the 13th day of Ottober, and the 13th year of his reign.
This Lawrence Ha#tings was ſucceeded by his fon
Fobm, who being taken by the Spaniards in a ſea-
hghe, and afterwards redeem'd, died in France in
the year 1375. To him ſucceeded his fon Fohn,
who was kilPd in a Tournament at Wood/tock Anno
1391." And it was obſerv'd of this family (I know
not by what fate) that no father ever ſaw his fon
for five generations. He leaving no illue, ſeveral
couliderable Revenues devolv'd to the Crown : and
the Caſtle of Penbroke was granted to Francis At-court,
a courtier of that time in great favour; who upon
that account was commonly call'd Lord of Penbroke.
'* And not long after, John Duke of Bedford, and
after him his brother Humfrey Duke of Gloceſter, the
ſons of K. Hen. 4. obtain'd the ſame title. Afcer that,
William de Ia Pole was made Marquis of Penbroke ; up-
on whoſe deceaſe K. Hen. 6. created Fefter de Hatfield
his brother by the mother's ſide, Earl of Penbroke ;
who being afterwards diveſted of all honours by K.
Hen. 4. was ſucceeded by *2 William Herbert, who was
kill'd in the battel at Banbury. To him ſucceeded a fon
of the ſame name, whom Edw. 4. having recover'd
his Kingdom, created Earl of Huntingdon, conterring
the title of Earl of Penbroke, on his eldeſt fon Eq-
ward Prince of Wales, A long time afrer that, King
Hen. 8. entitled Anne of Bullen, ( whom he had be-
trothed) Marchioneſs of Penbroke '4. At laſt King
Edw. 5. in our memory, inveſted 5 William Herbert,
Lord of Caer-Diff, with the ſame title. He was ſuc-
ceeded by his ſon Henry, who was Preſident of Wales
under Queen Elizabeth. And now his fon William,
a perſon in all reſpe&ts molt accompliſh'd, enjoys
that honour. This family of the Herberts is very no- oigin of
ble and ancient in theſe parts of Wales. For they tb* ir
derive their pedigree from Hemry Fiz. Herbert, Cham- ©
berlain to K. Hen. 1. who marry'd that King's|| Con- || Amaliam.
cubine, Reginald Earl of Cormnwal's mother, as 1 am
inform'd by Mr. Robert Glover, a perion of great in-
ſight in Genealogies; by whole uncimely deceale,
Genealogical Antiquities have fuffer'd extreamly.
honour of this Earldom William de Valentia, of the
family of Luſigni in Poitiers, who was his own bro-
ther by the mother's ſide ; and marry'd Foan, the
daughter of Gwarin de Mont Chenſey by a daughter of
William Marſhal. To Wilkam de Valentia fucceed-
ed his ſon Audomar, who was Governour of Scotland
under K. Edw. 1. His * ſecond ſiſter and coheireſs
Elizabeth, being marry'd to Fohn Lord Haſtings,
brought this title into a new family. For Lawrence
—_CoCO
-
9 Eldeft. "> Lord of Weiſhford, and &c. ** By Sir John Sr. John _ 1» Not long after, Hum-
trey, lon to K. Hen. 4. before be was Duke of Glocefter, receiv'd this title of his brother K. Hen. 5. and before bug geath K. Hen. 6. granted the ſame
IR Fe VU. r/10M (8 tning not before heard F) to William de la Pule, Earl of Suffolk ; after who downfall, f ſaid wha when be mad nap! a Edmund
0 Hactam ard Gaſpper of Hartcld, rhe ſons of Queen Catharine his mother, to be hu la ul half brethren, created afper Cav! of PenSroke ava Ko
mund Ear! of Richmond with pre-eminence is take place above all Earls. For Kings have abſolute authority in ai/henjong BOrAur 5. '; Mr William
Fortxrt, for bis good ſervice againſt Jaſper mm ales. 14 Hith a Mantle and Coronet, in regard buth of her Nobility and atjc her Virtugs {for (2
Ties 312% 874; of ries Patent. ) i; $17 William. 0
* Who enjoy'd this honour but a few days.
Pariſhes in thu County 145.
AD D1-
©R 7p
—__ — =
DIM
E T i.
OLI —— —— —- — — —
ADDITIONS to PENBROKSHIRE.
(a] H A T our Author hath juſtly repre-
ſented the Flemings to be a warlike and
induſtrious Nation, is very evident, as
well from the account we have of them
in Hiſtory, as that they have maintain'd their Terri-
tories to be diſtinguiſhable from the Welſh even to
this day. But that all Wales with united Forces,hath
ſeveral times invaded their Country, and that without
alſo divers pieces of ſquar'd timber. As for roots or
ſtumps, I have often obſerv'd them my ſelf at a low
ebb, in the Sands betwixt Borth and Aber Divy in
Cardiganſhire ; but remember nothing of any im.
preflion of the Axe on them ; but on the contrary,
that many of them, if not all, were very ſmooth ; and
that they appear'd,as to ſubſtance, more like the cole-
black Peat or Fuel-turf, than Timber.
ſucceſs, ſeems a more honourable character of them,
than we find in other Hiſtorians. I ſhall therefore
tranſcribe what Dr. Powel hath deliver'd upon this
occation, in his * Hiſtory of Wales.
In the year 1217. Prince Lhewelyn ap Gorwerth
marched to Dyved, and being at Kevn Kynwarchan,
the Flemings ſent to him to deſire @ peace ; but the Prince |
would not grant them their requeſt. Then young RYs was
the firſt that paſs d the river Rledheu , ro fight with thoſe
of the town ' of Haverford : | whereupon Gorwerth Bi- |
ſhop of St. Dawids, with all bu Clergy, came to the Prince,
to tntercede for peace im behalf of the Flemings, which af-
ter long debating was thus concluded. |
[
Firſt, That all the Inhabitants of Ros, and the Land of |
| draw. It's ſupported by three large rude Pillars, about
| eight foot high ; but there are allo five others, which
Penbroke ſhould become the Prince's ſubjetts, and ever
from thence-forth take him for their liege Lord.
Secondly, That they ſhould pay im t000 Marks to- |
i
'
ward hw charges, before Michaelmas next comme.
|
T There are in this County ſeveral ſuch circular
ſtone Monuments, as that deſcrib'd in Caer-Mardh;n-
ſhire by the name of Meimeu givyr , and Karn Lhechart
7) Gromlech, near Pentre Evan in Nevern-pariſh, where **
there are ſeveral rude ftones pitch'd on end in a cir-
cular order ; and in the midit of the circle a vaſt
rude ſtone placed on ſeveral pillars. The diameter
of the Ares is about fifty foor. The ſtone ſupported
in the midſt of chis circle is 18 foot long, and 9g
' In breadth ; and at the one end it's about three foot
thick, but thinner at the other. There lies alſo by
ic a piece broken off, about ten foot long, and five in
breadth, which ſeems more than ewenty Oxen can
are of no'uſe at preſent, as not being high enough,
or duly placed to bear any weight of the top-ſtone,
Thirdly, That for the performance of theſe, they (hould | Under this ſtone,the ground is neatly flag'd,conſider-
delroer forthwith to the Prince twenty Pledges of the beHt |
12 all the Country, &C.
And again, p. 279.
In the year 1220, I hewelyn Prince of Wales led an
Army to Penbroke againſt the Flemings, who contrary to
therr Oath and League had taken the Caſtle of Aber
Teivi, which Caſtle the Prince deſtroy d, putting the Ga-
ri/on to the ſword, ras'd the Caſtle, and went thence to the
Land of Gwys , where he ras d that Caſtle, and burn'd
the Town. Alſo be caus'd all Havertord to be burn'd to
the Caſt le-gates, and deſtroy'd all Ros and Daugledhau ;
and they ! os kept the Caſtle ſent to him for Truce till
May. which was concluded upon Conditions, and ſo be re-
turn'd home. -
(b] As to the ancient name of S. Davids, there is
not tar from it a place at this day call'd Melin Meneu ;
wherein is preſerv'd the old denomination. Burt the
original fignification of the word Menes is now loſt,
and perhaps not to be retriev'd. However, I would
recommend it to the curious in Ireland and Scotland
(where the names of places agree much with thoſe in
Wales) to conlider whether it may not ſignifie a
Frith or narrow Sea; tor we find the Chanel berwixc
Caernarvonſhire and the Ile of Angleſey to be call'd Aber-
menceu; and that there is here af a {mall Frerum,call d
the Sound, berwixt this place and the Iſle of Ramſey;
and another place call'd Meney, by a Frith in Scort-
land , in the County of Buquban.
[c] Beſides the inſtance of the Sea-ſands being
walſhc off, we find the ſame to have bappen'd about
the year 1590. For Mr. George Owen, who liv'd at
that time, and is mention'd by our Anthor as a learn-
ed and ingenious perſon, gives us the following ac-
count of itin a Manuſcript Hiſtory of this County.
About twelve or thirteen years fince , it happen'd that
the Sea-ſands at Newgal, which are cover'd every tide,
were by ſome extraordinary violence of the Waves ſo waſhed
off, that there appeared Frocks of Trees , doubtl:f in their
native places ; for they retain'd manifeſt ſigns of the ſtroaks
of the ax, at the falling of them. The Sands being waſhed
off, im the -winter, theſe Bats remain'd to be [cen all the ſum-
mer following, but the next year the ſame were cover d
agam with the Sands. By this it appeareth that the Sea
zn that place hath intruded upon the Land. Moreover, ]bave
been told by the neighbours of Coed Traeth near Tenby,
that the like hath been ſeen alſo upon thoſe Sands, 8c. To
this an ingenious and inquihtive Gentleman of this
Country, adds, that the "gona hath been obſerv'd of
ing the rudeneſs of Monuments of this kind. I can
ſay nothing of the number and height of the ſtonesin
the circle, not having ſeen this Monument my ſelf,
but given this account of it out of Mr. George Owen's
Manuſcript Hiſtory above-mention'd , which was
communicated to me by the worſhipful Fohn Lewis
of Manour Nowen Eſq. And I have alſo receivd a
| deſcription of ic from a perſon, who at my requeſt
lately view'd it, not differing materially from that
, we find in the Manuſcripe. The name of this Mo-
| nument ſeems much of the ſame ſignification with
Meimeu gveyr,for Krwm (inthe Feminine gender Krom)
ſignifies as well as giyyr , crooked or bending ; and
Lhzch a ſtone of a flat form, more or leſs, whether na-
tural or artificial. And as we have obſerv'd another
Monument in Caernarvonſbire, call'd Lhech or Maen
gveyr, lo we meet with ſeveral in Angleſey , and ſome
in other parts of Wales call'd Kromlechew. Now that
, theſe Monuments have acquired this name from bow-
| 1g, as having been places of worſhip in the time of
Idolatry, I have no warrant to affirm. However,
in order tofarther enquiry, we may take notice, that
:
the plain of Aoy-/leutt in Brefin. This Idol is deſcrib'd &%*
to have been auro & argento celatum, and ſaid to be
attended with twelve other Idols much leſs, all of
braſs, plac'd round about him. Cromcrwach , at the
approach of St. Patrick, fell to the ground, and the
leffer Idols ſunk into the Earth up to their necks :
the heads whereof (ſays one of the Authors of the lite
of St. Patrick cited by Colgan) are in perpetual me-
mory of this miracle, ſtill prominent out of the ground,
and to be ſeen atthis day. Now although we ſhould
queſtion the authority of this Writer, as to theſe mi-
racles ; yertif we may be allow'd to make any uſe at
all of ſuch Hiſtories, we may from hence infer that
this circle of ſtones (which are here mention'd by the
name of Idol's heads ) was before the planting cf
Chriſtianicy in this Country, a place of Idolatrous
worſhip. Andif that be granted, we ſhall have little
reaſon to doubt but that our Kromlech, as well as al!
other ſuch circular Stone-monuments in Bricain and
Ireland ( whereof I preſume there are not lefs than
100 yet remaining) were alſo erected for the ſam?
uſe. But to proceed farther ; this relation of idola-
crous worſhip at Crumcruach , ſeems much confirm
by the general Tradition concerning ſuch Monuments
late years near Capel Stinan or St. Fuſtinian's ; where
were {gen not only the roots or ſtocks of Trees , but '
in Scotland. For upon peruſal of ſome Letters 0n
this ſubjz&, from the learned and judicious DE Fn
Garatn,
in Glamorgan. But the moſt remarkable is that call'd Y6-
the Iriſh Hiſtorians call one of their chiefeſt Idols , ,,,
Cromeruach ; which remain'd till St. Patrick's time 1N rys0%
———
37
PENBROKS HIRE.
638 |
Garden, Profeſſor of Divinity at Aberdeen, to an in-
;- genious Gentleman of the Royal Sosiety *, (who, for
:5- what I can learn, was the firſt that ſuſpe&ed theſe
- Circles for Temples of che Druids) I find that in ſeveral
+ parts of that Kingdom, they are call'd Chapels and
Temples; with this farther Tradition,that they were
places of worſhip in the time of Heatheniſm , and
did belong tothe Drownich. Which word fome inter-
pret the Pitts ; bur the Dr. ſuſpes it might denote
originally the Druids : in confirmation whereof, I add,
that a village in Angleſey is calld'd Tre'r Driw , and
interpreted the Town of the Druid. Now the diminu-
tive of Driw muſt be Driwin (whence perhaps Kaer
Drewm in Merionydbſhire ) and cb is well known to be
an uſual Iriſh termination in ſuch Nouns.
As for ſuch as contend that all Monuments of- this
kind, wereere&ed by the Danes, as Trophies, Seats
of Judicature, places for eleting their Kings, &«c
they'l want Hiſtory to prove, that ever the Danes had
any Dominion , or indeed the \ leaſt» Settlement in
Walesor the High-lands of Scotland where yet fuch
Monuments are as frequent , if not more -common,
than in other places of Britain. For although we find
it regiltred 'thacthey haveſeveral times commireed de-
predatiogs on our Sea-coaſts, deſtroying ſome *Mari-
time places in the- Gounties of. Glamorgan, Pembroke,
Cardigan, and Angleſey ;- and ſometimes alſo making
excuriions-into the Country : yet weread they made
no longer ſtay than whilſt chey plunder'd the Religi-
ous Houſes, and extorted money and proviſions from
the people. Now if it be demarided why they might
not in that ſhort - ſtay , ere theſe Monuments ; 1
have nothing co anſwer ,. but:thac ſuch vaſt perennial
memorials, ſeem rather to be the work of a people
ſetcled in their Country, than of ſuch roving Pirats,
who for. their own ſecurity muſt be continually on
their guard, and conſequently have but-ſmall leiſure
or reaſon for erecting ſuch laſting Monuments." And
that we find alſo theſe Monuments in the Mountains
of Caernarwonſbire, and divers other places, where no
Hiſtory does inform us, nor conjeRure ſuggeſt, that
ever the Danes have been. To which may be ad-
ded, that if we compare ſtrictly the deſcriptions of
the Daniſh and Swediſh Monuments in Sexo Gram-
maticus, Wormias, and Rudbeckias , with ours in Bri-
tain, we ſhall find conſiderable difference in the or-
der or ſtruure of them, For (it we may place that
here) I fad none of them comparable to that mag-
nificent, tho' barbarous Monument , on Salisbury
Plain ; nor any that has ſuch a table in the mid{(t,
as the Kromlech here deſcribed ; whereas ſeveral of
ours in Wales have it, though it be uſually much
leſs ; and very often this Table or a K:/f-waen is
found without any circle of ſtones, and fomerimes
on the —_— circles of ſtones without any K/#-
vaen or other
exactly, yet are we not therefore oblig'd to acknow-
ledge our Monuments were ere&ted by the Danes.
For as one Nation ſince the planting of Chriſtianity
hath imitated another, in their Churches, Chapeis,
Sepulchral Monuments, &c. ſo alſo in the time of!
Paganiſm, the Rires and Cuſtoms in Religion muſt
have been deriv'd from one Country to another. And
| think it probable, ſhould we make diligent enqui-
ry, that there may be Monuments of this kind till
extant in the leſs frequented places of Germany ,
France, and Spain ; if not alſo inltaly. But I tear
I have too long detain'd the Reader with probabili-
ties, and ſhall therefore only add, that whatever elſe
hath been the uſe of theſe Monuments, its very evi-
dent they have been (ſome of them at leaſt) us'd as
burial places ; ſeeing Mr. Aubrey in that part of his
Monuments Britannica he entitles Templa Druidum,
numents, calld the Chapel 6f- 7iligorum, alias Capet
Mac-mulath, 'which is fall of Graves, 'and was wirh-
in the memory: of ſome living an ordinary place of
burial, at leaſt for poor people, and contimits to be
lo at this day for ſtrangers, and children that dye
without baptiſm. -- | |
We have not rooth here to take notice of the other
Monuments of this kind, which this County affords;
and ſhall therefore only obſerve, that in Newport-
pariſh there are five of theſe Tables or Altars ( that
we may diſtinguiſh them by ſome name) placed near
each other, which ſome conjeQure to have been once
encompals'd with a circle of-Stone-pillars , for that
there are ewo ſtones yet ſtanding 'near them.” "But
theſe are nothing comparable in bigneſs to the Grom:-
lech here deſcrib'd , and not raisd above? three foot
high ; nor are they ſupported with pillars, but ſtones
placed edgewiſe ; and fo are rather of that kind of
Monuments we call K/tieu-maen or Stone-cheſts, than
Kroms lecheu.
I had almoſt forgot to acquaint the Reader, that
there is alſo in Newern-pariſh , beſides the Gromlech,
another Monumene call'd commonly Lhech y Drybedb
(1. e. Tripoduums ) and by ſome the Altar-/tone. It's
lomewhat of an oval form, and about twelve yards in
circumference, placed on four ſtones ( whereof one
Is uſelels as not touching it ) ſcarce two foot high.
At the Southend, is ahour four foot and a halt in
thickneſs, but ſenſibly thinner to the other end, where
ie exceeds not-four inches ;' at which end there is cuc
ſuch a Duttus or Conveyance, 'as might ſerve to car-
ry off any liquid that ſhould run down, but'to whac
purpoſe it was deſign'd, I ſhall not pretend to con-
jeRure.
Y maen figh, or the Rocking-ftone , deſerves alſo to Y man
be mention'd: here ; alcho? Irniag never ſeen it my
ſelf) I am not fully ſatisfied, whether it be a Monu-
ment, or as Mr. Owen ſeems to ſuppoſe, purely acci-
dental. But by the account I hear of it , 1 ſuſpe& it
rather an efte&t of human induſtry, than chance. 7hs
ſhaking Flone (lays he) may be ſeen on a Sea-cliff within
balf a mile of St, David's ; it's ſo vaſt, that 1 preſume it
may exceed the draught of an hundred Oxen ; and altoge-
ther rude and unpoliſhed. The occaſion of the name s,
for that being mounted upon divers other ftones , about a
yard m height ; it's ſo equally poysd , that a man may
ſhake it with one finger, ſo that five or ſix men ſitting on
it, ſhall perceive themſelves mov'd thereby. Burt I am
inform'd, that ſince this worthy Gentleman writ the
Hiſtory of this Country, (wiz.in the lace Civil wars)
ſome of the Rebel-ſouldiers looking upon it asa thing
much noted, and therefore ſuperſtitious ; did with
ſome difficulty fo alter its poſition, as to render it al-
molt immoveable. There is alſo a Rocking-ſtone in |
one in the midſt. Bur this we need
not ſo much inſiſt upon; for tho* they ſhould agree
| be ofa v
| form,
gives us ſome inſtances of human Skeletons, found on
the outſide of one or two of them in Wiltſhire.
d Dr. Garden in his foremention'd Letters , affirms
that ſome perſons yer living have dug aſhes out of the
bottom of a lictle circle (ſet about with ſtones ſtand-
Ing cloſe together) in the center of one of thoſe Mo-
numents near the Church of Keig in the ſhire of Aber:
deen ; and adds farther, that in the ſhire of Iwvernef,
and pariſh of Enner Allen, there is one of theſe Mo-
Ireland in the County of Dwnegall , and Pariſh of
Cl , no lefs remarkable than this, call'd by the
vulgar _—_— Fhin mbic Cuill, which is deſcrib'd to
bigneſs, and ſomewhat of a pyramidal
placed on a flat ſtone , the ſmall end down-
ward, but whether by accident or human induſtry,
I mult leave to further enquiry.
In the Church-yard at Newer» on the North-ſide, y.,..,.
I obſerv'd a rude ſtone pitch'd on end, about two
yards in height, of a triquetrous form , with another
{ſmaller angle ; having on the South-fide this Infcrip-
tion, which ſeems older than the foundation of the
Church, and was perhaps the Epitaph of a Roman
Souldier : for I guefs it muſt be read Viteliani Eme-
VITAJAWI
EMERET-
In the ſame Church-yard, on the South-fide , is
erected a very handſfom pillar, as the ſhaft or pede-
ſtal-of a Crofs. It is of a quadrangular form, about
two foot broad, eighteen inches thick , and thirteen
foot bigh ; neatly carvd' on all fides with certain
endleſs knots, which are about ones and thirty in
+ number
I "I"
DIME.T A.
number, and all different ſores. The 'top is cover'd | Iſle of Ramſey, with fomeother relations that ſeem
with a croſs ſtone, belaw which there is a Croſs carv'd | remarkable. 7
on the Eaſt and Weſt ſides , and about the mid(t Over again? Juſtinian'; Chapel, ſeparated from it by Rang
theſe Letters : : | 4 narrow Fretum, « Ramſcy-ifland, (calPd formerly
Ynis Devanog from & Chapel” rhere dedicated to that
Saint, now ſwallow'd wp by the ſea ) which ſetms by the
proverh { Stinan a Devanog dau anwyl gymydog | ro
have been ance part of the Continent, if 1 may properly
call our Country ſo, when I ſpeak of fach (mall In(ulets,
In it there u @ ſmall promontory or neck of land, i(ſuing
into the ſea, which is call'd NY nis yr hyrdhod *, whence *!!z
which perhaps are no other than the initial letters of | I preſume the name / Ramſey. To this land, and ſome \*
the names of thoſe perſans that erected this Croks. | rocks adjoyning, call d by the ſea-men The Biſhop and ©
But: whatever they may:ſignifie, the ſecond.charadter | his Clerks, do yearly reſort” about the beg inming of April
is ſuch as I have not met with elſewhere ,' and chere- | ſuch a number of birds of ſeveral ſorts, that none but ſuch
fore thought worth the publiſhing. . a7. hate been eye-witneſſes can be prevail d upon 10 believe
There is alſo an Inſcription within this Church, | iz: ; «ll which after breeding here, leave ws before Augutt.
which to me is equally. obſcure, and ſeems more like | They come to theſe rocks, and alſo leave them, conſt antly
Greek than Roman Charaers ; whereof the follow- | in rhe night-time : for in the evening the rocks ſhall be c9-
ing Copy was ſent me by Mr. William Gambold of | ver'd with-rbems, and rhe next morning not a bird to be
Exeter-College, Oxex, who, I preſume, hath tranſcrib'd | ſeem ; ſo im the evening not a bird ſhall appear, and the nex:
ic with due exactnels. morneng the rocks ſhall be full. They alſo wiſit ws com-
monly abour Chriſtmas; and ſtay a week or more, and then
tahe thew leave till: breeding-time. - Three ſorts of theſe
muygratory birds ave call'd in Welſh, Mora, Poeth-wy,
and Pal; im Engliſh, Eligug; Razorbil;- and Puffin ;
to which we may alſo add the Harry-bird; tho' 1 cannot
at preſent aſſure ou, whether this bird comes and poes
| yp i. ' off with rhe reſts - \ |
The ſtone is pitch'd on end, not ewo foot high, and | , The + Eligug lays (but one egg; which (as well at
is round-at top ( about which theſe Letters are Cut) | thoſe of the'Pufhn and Razorbil ) is as big as « Ducks, bat
like the Monumenc deſcrib'd at Mynydb. Gelbs Onnen | but longer, and-ſmaller at one end. From this egg (he ne-C
in Glamorganſhire. | | wer parts. (unleſs forced) till - ſhe batches it, mor then till \\
[ received alſo from the ſame hand the following | rhe young one be able ro follow her ; being all the while x
Inſcription, copied from a Stone amongſt the ruins of | fed by the-male. This and the Razorbil || breed upon the oy
the Abbey. of St. Dogmael ; which he deſcribes to be | bare rocks, waking no manner of neft ; and- ſometimes in «
ſeven foot in length, two in breadth ,; and fix inches | /ucb'a-place, that being frighten'd thence, the egg or young \®
thick. 20 one (which before was upheld by the breaft, upon # narrow +
ſhehving (rock ) tambles into the ſes. The Puffin * and4
Harry-bird f breed in boles, either thoſe of Rabbets jus
on Eon.
| or ſuch \as they dig with their beaks. - The Harry-birds y,
CVNO T AMI are mever ſeen on land but when'taken ; and the manner of "
\ AR raking theſe and the Putfins, is commonly by planting mts +
before ther berries, wherein they ſoon emtangle themſelves. **l
Theſe four ſorts cannot raiſe themſelves upon the wing , from Sr
The latter of theſe words | Cunotam } I take to be | rhe land; but if at any diſtance from the cliffs, wadl: "1
a Britiſh name, and the ſame wich what we call Kyned: | (for they cannot be well ſaid to go, their legs being too infirm As
ha or Kynedbav ; but the former v5 4 name I cannot | for that wſe, and placed much more backward than a Duck', «i
parallel with any now us'd, or extant in our Genea- ſo. that they ſeem to ſtand upright ) to ſome precipice, and ly
logical Manuſcripts. In this County there are di- | rbence catt themſelves off, and take wing : but from the 1:
vers ancient Twmuli, or artificial Mounts for Urn- | weter they will raiſe to any beight. The Puffin lays three
burial, whereof the moſt notable I have ſeen, are | white eggs ; the ret but one, fheckled, &Cc.
thoſe tour call'd Krigen Kemers, or the Barrows of He adds much more, not only of the other birds
* MrLloyd Kemaes. One of which, a Gentleman of the neigh- | char frequent theſe Rocks, but alſo gives a ſhort ac-
ofRwm bourhood *, out of curioſity, and for the fatisfation | count of ſeveral things remarkable in this County ;
vIN,
of ſome friends, caus'd lately to be dug ; and diſco- | but being conhned within narrow limits, I ſhall on-
ver'd therein tive Urns, which contain'd a confidera- | ly fele&t two of them. The firſt is of a narrow deep
ble quantity of burnt bones and aſhes. One of theſe, | pond, or rather pit, near the ſea-fide ; and ſome
rogether with-the bones and aſhes it contain'd, was | Cliffs which by cheir noiſe preſage ſtorms , &.
lately preſented t6 the Aſhmolean Repoſitory at Oxford, | whereof he gives the following relation.
by che worſhipful Job» Philips of Dol Heidb, Eſquire. | Neer Stack-pool Boſher, orberwiſe Boſherſton , «7-1
I ſhalt not pretend to determine what Nation theſe | tbe ſea-fide, is a pool or pit calPd RBoſherfton-mear ; the
Barrows did belong to ; tho' from the rudeneſs of the "Zeprb — ſeveral that have ſounded have not yet di/-
Urns, as well in relpect of -matter as faſhion , lome | cover d. This pit bubbles and foams, and makes ſuch a
might ſuſpe&t them racher Barbarous than Roman. noiſe before ſtormy weather, that it's heard above ten miles
But we know not how unskiliul fome Artiſts amongſt | off. The banks are of no great circumference at the top,
the Romans might be, eſpecially in theſe remote | bus broader downward: ; and from the bottom, there's 3
parts cf the Province, where probably not many of | great breach towards the ſea, which is about a furlong
them, beſides military perſons, ever ſettled. Ano- | diſtant. $80 that conſidering the bubling, and extraordind-
ther Urn was found not many. years fince, in a | 7y noiſe this pit makes again ftormy weather, I am af
Barrow in the Pariſh of Meleen, and one very lately | 0 ſuſpe# it may bave a [ubterraneous communication wit
on a Mountain not far from KI Rhedyn. | the [ea-water. But there's much more talk'd of this place
Put ſeeing our Author confines himſelf not always | chan I ſhall trouble you with at preſent, becauſe I take ſome
to Antiquiries and Civil Hiſtory, but ſometimes for | rel/ar;ons of it for fabulous ; and living remote from it
the Reader's diverſion, takes notice likewiſe of fuch | my ſelf, I have had no opportunities of being ſatisfied of
occurrences in Natural Hiſtory,as ſeem'd more eſpe- | rhe trurh of others. It's moiſe is diſtin&ly known fro
cially remarkable ; I hope it may be excuſable if I add | rbat of rhe ſea ; which alſo on theſe coaſts often roars v1)
2ilo ſome obſervations in that kind : and ſhall there- | /ov»d. And the neighbouring inhabitants to the ſea £7
fore communicate part of a Letter from my ingenious | give a ſhrewd gueſs what weather will enſue by the noiſe it
Friend, the Reverend Mr. Nicholas Roberts A. M. Re- | makes. For when it proceeds from ſuch a Creek or Hz"
Gor of Lhan Dbewi Velfrey, which contains an ac- | ver, they will expect this or that ſort of weather Wl! fol.
count of tome migratory Sea-birds that breed in the | /ow. And by ebe/e Obſervations, I bave been told it*
A v8 Lhd
AL >
CY
Rath
WY
CARDIGA
_—_
64.2
NSHIRE.
evening before, what weather we ſhould have next day ;
which has happen'# wery tri; and that nit once as by
chance, but often.
The other is a fort of Food, made in ſeveral parts
of this County, of a Ra-plant, which by the deferi-
prion I hear of it, I take to be the OyfFer-green br
Sea-lirverwort. This cuſtom 1 find obrains alſo in
Glamorganſhire ( where 'tis calld Laverbread ) and
probably in ſeveral Counties of England.
Near %t. David's (lays he) eſpecially at Eglwys Aber-
non, ard its other places, they gather m the ſpring-time a
tind of Alga or ſea-wted, wherewith they make @ ſort of
food call'd Lhavan or Lhawvan, in Engl;h Black but-
ſhred it ſmall, and knead it well, as they do dough for bread
jou make it up into great balls or "all, we roi eat
fe ov 1G others foes yr _ and butter. It's ac-
| overezon agaimnFt all diftempers of the Irver and
| ſpleen + avid the ey Dy. Owen ofuied #4 that be found
relief Form it in the acuteft firs of the Rone.
Upon the death of F:/l:am Herbert, the laſt Earl Earls con-
mention'd by our Author, the honour of Earl of
Pembroke defended to Philip Herbert, who was alſo
Earl of Monrgomery, and was ſucceeded by Philip his
ſon. Affer whole death, William his fon and heir
ſucceeded ; and upon his death, Philip Herbert, half-
brother ro the laſt William. At preſent, Thomas of
ter. Having gather'd the weed, they waſh it clean from
ſand and ſlime, and ſweat it between two tile: ſtones ; then
the fame name enjoys the titles of Ear! of Pembroke
and Montgomery.
| CARDIGANSHIRE.
HE ſhores being obliquely driven back
towards the eaſt, from Oftopitaruwm or
a half-moon ; on which lies the third
Region of the Dimete, call'd by the
Engliſh Cardiganſhire, in Britiſh Sir Aber Teivi, and
by Latin Writers, Ceretics, If any ſuppoſe ic deno-
v4 minated from King Caratacws, his conjecture may
ſeem to proceed rather from a fond opinion of his
own, than any authority of the Ancients. And yer
we read, that the {ame renowned Prince Carataczs
rul'd in theſe parts.
it is a champain country ; as alſo to the ſouth, where
the river Te divides it from Caer-Mardbin-Sbrre.
But cowards the caſt and north, where it borders on
Brecknock 'and _ there is a continued
ridge of mountains, but ſuch as afford good paſturage
for ſheep and cartel ; in the valleys whereof are
ſpread p ever lakes or natural ponds. That this
country Was peopl'd formerly, not with cities but
ſmall cottages, may be gathered from that ſaying of
their Prince Caratacus, who when he was a captive
at Rome, having view'd the ſplendour and magnih-
; cence of that city, faid ; Seeing you bave theſe awd ſuch
like noble ftruttares, why do you cover our [mail catta-
ger? [a]. However, let us take a flight view of ſuch
places as are of any noted Antiquity.
The river Terv, calld by Ptolemy Twerob:us, cor-
" ruptly for Dwr Tevi which ſignifies the Teivs warer,
ſprings out of the lake Lhyn Teivi, under the moun-
tains already mention'd. Art firſt, 'tis retarded by
the rocks; and rumbling amongſt the ftones wirhour |
any chanel, takes its courſe through a very ſtony
%. eountry ( near which 'the Mountaneers have at Ros
', a Very great Fair for cattel) to Stratfleur, a Mona-
* ftery heretofore of the Cluniack Monks, encompaſs d,
on all des with high mountains.
%n, From hence, being receiv'd into a chanel, it runs
* by Tre' Garon, and by Lhan Dbewsi Brevi, a Church
dedicated to the memory of St. David Biſhop of Me-
wevia, and thence denominated. Where in a full
Synod he confſured the Pelagian hereſie, at that time
reviving in Britain 3 and that mot only out of ſacred
Scriprure, but Jikewife by miracle : for 'tis Teported,
that the ground on which he ſtood preaching, mount:
ed up to a hillock under his feet | b |.
Thus far, and farther yet, the river Teivi runs
&. ſouthward to Lhan- Bedr, aNttrll market-town. From
whence directing it's coufſe to the weſt, it makes a
broader chanel, and fallikg aver a Nzep predipice,
wa. * near Kil-Garan, makes that Salmon- Leap I have al-
ready mention'd in Perlt##Þffhire. For this Tiver
abounds wich 'Salmon, ,and, was formerly the 'onfy
river +n- Britain '( as Giraldus :ſappoſed ) that bred
| Beavers. A Beaver is an emphibious animal, bavi
it's fore-feer like a dog's, 'but footed behind like a
;
On che weſt, towards the ſea, |
gooſe ; of a dark gray colour ; and having an oblong
| flat cartilagimeons raft, which, in ſwimming, it makes
St. David's promontory,receive the ſea | uſe of ro ſteer it's courfe. Giraldus makes ſeveral
into a vait bay, much of the form of | remarks upon the ſubrilry of this creature ; but at
| this time there are none of them found here | c |.
Scarce two miles from this Kil-Giran, lies Cardi- Cardigan.
\gan ; call'd by the Britains Aber Tejvi, 1. &. Teiwi-
mouth, the chiet town of chis County ; fortified by
| Gilbert the fon of Richard Clare : but being after-
| wards treafonably ſurrender'd, it was laid waſte by
Rbys ap. Gr)ffydb, and the Governour Robert Fitz-
Srepben, whom fome call Srephanides, taken priſoner : Firz Steven:
who after he had remain'd a long time at the devo-
tion-of the offended Welſh, for his life, was at length
releas'd ; but compell'd ro reſign into their hands,
all his polleftions in Wales, Whereupon, he made
a deſcent into Ireland, though with a ſmall army,
yet very ſucceſsfally ; and was the firſt of the Nor-
mans, who by his valour made way for the Engliſh-
Conqueſt of that Kingdom.
From the mouth of Teivi, the ſhore, gradually re-
tiring, is waſh'd by ſeveral rivulets. Amongſt them,
that which Prolemy calls Stuccia, at the upper end of $:uccia, or
the County, deſerves our notice; the name whereof be river
is ſtil] prefſerv'd by che common people, who call ic WE
Ytwyth. Near the ſource of this river, there are Lead-
mines [d]; and where it is diſcharged into the ſea, is
ns |
the moſt populous town of this whole County, call'd
Aber-Ytwyth : which was alfo fortified with walls by
the above-mention'd Gilbert Clare, and defended a
long time by Walter Beck an Engliſhman, againſt the
Welſh.
Not far from hence lies Lhan-Badarn-Vawr, i. e. Great
St. Patern's, who (as we read in his life) was an Ar-
morican, and govern'd the Church here by feeding, and
fed it by governing. To whole memory a Ghurch
and Biſhop's See was here conſecrated : but the Bi.
ſhoprick ( as Roger Hoveden writes) fell to decay
long ſince: for that the people had mot barbarouſly ſlam
their Paſtor.
Art the ſame place the river Rhezdiol 'alſo caſts it Rheidio!
ſelf into the Ocean ; having taken it's courſe from
that very high and ſteep hill Pl-Lhymmen ; which
terminates the north part of the County, and pours
forth, befides this, thoſe two noble rivers we have al-
ready mention'd, Severn and Hye.
Not very far from Aber-ytwyth, the river Dyvy,
the boundary berwixt this County and Merionydh-
ſhire, is alſo diſcharg'd into the Ocean.
The Normans had ſcarce ſerled their conqueſt in
Britain, when they affail'd this coaſt with a navy ;
and that wich good ſucceſs. For in the eime of Wil-
Tim Rufus they wreſted the ſea coaſts, by degrees,
out. of the Welſhmen's hands : but granted moſt part
' of it to Kadigan ap Bledbyn, a molt prudenc Britain; 1g,
| a perfon of great intereſt throughout Wales, and at Cardigan
' the ſame time in much favour with the Engliſh. But
—_—
This Salmon-Leap is not at Kil-Garan, but between Kemarth and Lan Duzwyds.
Si his
DIM
MS. of Mr.
R. Vaughan
of Hen-
gwir.
* Bardſcy
liland.
A IE — a nn———_
> — ————— — —— -
ET a
ee ———— CO. — CDILO—o—_—_—_
his ſon Owen proving a raſh young man, and a ha-
ter of Peace, and annoying the Engliſh and Flem-
mings, who had lately ſertled there , with continual
excurſions; the unhappy father was depriv'd of his
Inheritance, and forced to ſuffer for the offences of
his fon, who was alſo himſelf conſtrain'd to leave his
native Country , and to flee into Ireland. King
Henry the firſt granted this County of Cardigan to
Gilbert Clare, who planted Garifons therein, and for-
tified ſeveral Caſtles. But Kadwygan, with his fon
Owen, being afterwards receiv'd into favour by the
Engliſh, had all his Lands reſtored to him. Norwith-
—— —
His father being carried priſoner into England, ex.
pected for a long time a better change of Fortune ;
and being at laſt in his old age reſtored to his own,
was unexpectedly and on a ſudden ſtab'd by his ne-
phew Madek After that , Roger de Clare receiv'd
Cardiganſhire, by che muniticence of King Henry
the ſecond : but Richard Earl of Clare ( his fon, if ]
miſtake not) being ſlain whilſt he was coming hither
by land ; "Rhys, Prince of South-Wales, having with
his victorious Army made a great ſlaughter of the
Engliſh, reduc'd ic at laſt under his ſubjeRion.
ſtanding this, Owen recurning again to his old Bials,
and raiſing new Troubles, was flain by Girald of
However, it fell afterwards by degrees, without any
| blood-ſhed,into the hands of the Enghiſb.
[It contains 64 Pariſh-Churches.,
ADDITIONS to CARDIGANS HIRE.
[a] Hat this Country - was ſubje& to King
Caratacus, ſeems not evident from any
place in Tacitzs or other Author. For
we find no mention of the names of
thoſe Countries under his Dominion, unleſs we may
preſume the Silures, his Subjes, from theſe words of
Tacitus | Annal. Lib. XII] Itwm inde in Siluras, ſuper
propriam ferociam Caratlaci wiribus confiſos : quem multa
ambig ua, multa jroſpera extulerant, ut cateros Britanno-
rum Impcratores preeminerer, &c. Moreover , tho' we
ſhould grant him to have been King of the Dimere,
yet fuch as aie concern'd for the ancient reputation
ol this County, may fairly urge, that tho' they ac-
cept of the authoricy of Zonaras, who liv'd a thou-
fand years after, yet nothing can be colleted from
that ſpeech of CaraFacws, that may prove this Coun-
tiy to have been more poorly inhabited in thoſe times,
than other Provinces, ſeeing he only ſpeaks in gene-
ral of theTountries in his Dominion,and that we find
by his ſpeech in Tacitus, that he was plurium Gentium
Imperator, Prince or Soveraign ot many Coun-
tiies.
[b. The Synod for ſuppreflion of the Pelagian
Heretie, was held about the year 522. For we findin
ſome Britiſh Records, that St. Dubricizs Arch-biſhop:
of Caer-Lheion, having afliſted at the Synod , and re-
ſgn'd his Biſboprick to St. David, betook himſelf that
year (together wich moſt of the Clergy that had
conven'don that occaſion ) to a Monaſtery at Tnys
Fnltz *, where being free from the noiſe of the
world, they might with lefs interruption, devote the
remainder of their lives to God's ſervice. Of this
retirement of St. Dubricizs and his followers, menti-
on is made alſo by an eminent Poet + of that age, in
theſe words :
Pan oedb Saint Senedh Bhrevi,
Drwy arch y prophwydi,
Ar ol gwiw bregeth Dewi,
Tn myned « Tnys Enlhi, &C.
At this Church of Lhan Dbews Brevi, T obſerv'd
an ancient Inſcription on a Tomb-ſtone, which is
doubtleſs remov'd from the place where 'ewas firſt
laid, it being plac'd now above the Chance! door ;
but the Maſon that laid it there , had fo little :2gard
to the Inſcription, that two or three words are hid in
the wall, which renders the Epitaph not wholly intel-
ligible. However, it may not perhaps be amiſs if we
take notice of what remains of it in ſight, ſeeing
it's probably ſuch an Epitaph as might become that
martyr'd Biſhop of Lhan-Badern, who as Giraldus in-
forms us, was barbarouſly murder'd by ſome profane
Wrecches of his Dioceſe.For I am apt to conjeRure it
may bear this ſenſe ; Hic jacet Idnert ( alias Idnerth )
felis 1 ut occiſns fuit "= Pietatem & San-
&itatem. Bur I had rather ſuch as have opportunity
of doing it, would fatisfie their curioſity, by cauſing
ſome ſtones under it to be remov'd, and 74 reading
the whole Inſcription, than that they ſhoult rely on
my conjecture.
ERT FILIVWI
qi OCCISVS FVIT PROPTERP----
FANCTIC--
[+ hiC IMACET IN
” my —— -
TCD ERIN” D
There is alſo another old Inſcription on a Stone
erected by the Church door, on the out: fide ; which
ſeems (as well as ſome others on Croſſes) to conſiſt
wholly of Abbreviations. What it may import, I
The Sexton of this place ſhew'd me a Rarity by
the name of Markorn yr Yb bannog, or Matkorn Ych
Dewi; which he told me had been preferv'd there
ever fince ttc rime of St. David, adding the fabulous
tradition of the Oxen call'd Then banneg, which I
7
ſhall not pretend to explain ; but ſhall add neverthe-
les a Copy of it, leaving the ſignification to the
Reader's conjecture.
ſhall not trouble the Reader with, as being no news
to ſuch as live in Wales, nor material information £9
others.
This Matkorn,however,ſeem'd to me a very remark-
able curioſity. For if it be not really ( astthe __
imp
Penbroke, whoſe wife Nefs he had carried away,
+* ip
Ca
| als
G
Mig
An
bal
the-
the
eWs
n £0
arkK-
2Mme
lies
{ Roman Inſcriptions |].
CARDIGANSHIRE.
:mplies) the interiour horn of an Ox, it very much
reſembles it; and yet is ſo weighty that it ſeem'd ab-
ſolutely petrified. It's full of large cells or holes,
and the circumference of it at the root is about 17
inches.
Whilſt I was copying the Inſcriptions above-men-
tion'd, a Country-man told me there was another at
a houſe call'd Lhannio j/av, in this pariſh, diſtant a-
bout a mile from the Churzh. Being come thither,
| found theſe two Inſcriptions, and was inform'd that
ſ:veral others had been diſcover'd by digging.but that
the ſtones were applied to ſome uſes , and the In
{criptions nat regarded.
» The vulgar people
645
_— > —— ES C_ | O—— -
| chem might have been only Forts or Caſtles with the
addition of a few Houſes, as occaſion requir'd.
[c] As to the Beavers, tho' we miy not rely on
the authority of Giraldus in many things he relates,
(asone who writ in an ag? lels cautious and accurate,
and when nothing pleas'd ſo much as what excited
the admiration of the Reader) yer in chis caſe I ſee
bur lict'e reaſon to queſtion his veracity. Moreover,
that there were formerly Beavers in this Kingdom,
ſcems much confirm'd ; ia that there are two orthree
Ponds or Lakes in Wales, well known at this day,
by the name of Lys jr Avangk, i. e. Beaver-pool.
our age, ſcarce know what
creature that Avangk was ; and therefore ſome have
been perſwaded, that *twas a Phantom or Apparition
which heretofore haunted Lakes and Rivers. Asfoc
IARTÞMD
E NNIVS
PRIMVS»
The firſt I read Caij Artif Manibus [ aut forte me- |
mori | Ennins Primus. Another Roman Epitaph, |
circumſcribd wich lines, in the lame manner as this
s, may be ſeen in Reineſuus. Synt. Inſcr. Cl. 3. LXIV.
The letier C. reversd (as in the firſt place of this
Inſcription) denores frequently Caza, but ſometimes
ally C:us,as may be leen in the fame Author, p.722.
2 SEMPRONIO, &c.
This note or character [7] added to the firſt, fifch, |
ſixth and laſt letters, is fomerimes obſerv'd in other
As for the ſecond letter of
this Inſcription, we have frequent examples on ſtones
and coyns, of that form of the letter A. In Reine-
vs p. 3. we find chis Inſcription :
HERCVLI. L. ARTIVS. &c.
which that learned Critick direts us to read Her-
cvli Lartizs ; but ſeeing we find here alſo the name
of Artzus, peradventure that correction was ſuper-
fiuous.
Beſides Roman Inſcriptions , they find here ſome
times their coyns, and trequently dig up bricks and
lazge free-ſtone nearly wrought. The place where
theſe Antiquities are found , is call'd Kae'r Keſt:lb,
which ſignifies Ca/{e-Field, or to ſpeak more diſtin&-
ly, the Field of Caſtles; tho' at preſent there remains
not above ground the leaſt ſign of any building : nor
were there any (for what I could learn) within the
memory of any perſon now living in the neighbour-
hood, or of their Fathers or Grandfathers. However,
cing it is thus calld , and that it affords alſo ſuch |
maniteſt tokens of its being once inhabired by the
Romans, we have little or no reaſon to doubr, bur
that chey\ had a Fort or Gariſon, if not a confidera-
ble Town at this place. And that being granted, it
will alfo appear highly probable, that what we now
call Lhaznio, was the very fame with that which
| Iwrch, &C.
Projiemy places in the Country of the Dimere , by
the name of Lowventinum, or ( as Mr. Camden reads
it) Lovantium. If any ſhall urge, that to ſuppole it
only a Caſtle, and not a City or Town ot note, 5
tO grant it not to have been the old Lowvanrium ; 1 an-
lwer, that perhaps we do but commit a vulgar Er-
ror, when we take all the Stations in the [r:nerary, and
Burroughs of Prolemy , for conſiderable Lowns or
che name, I take it for granted that 'tis deriv'd from
the word Avon, which ſignifies a River, and ſuppoſe
it only an abbreviation of the word Awvenog, i.e.
Fluviatils ; as Lhwyneg, | a Fox | ſignifies Sylvaticas,
ſrom Lhwyn, Sylva. And for the fignification, 'tis
| not to be controverted ; ſome old Poets fo deſcribing
it, that I doubt not , bat that they meant a Bea-
Ver.
Beſides the Beaver, we have had formerly ſome
oher Beaſts in Wales, which have been long fince
totally deſtroy'd. As firlt, Wolves; concerning which
we read in this Author, in AMeirionydb-ſbire, as allo in
Derbyſhire and Yorkſhire. Secondly, Roe-Bucks , call'd
in Welſh hrchod; which have given names to ſeveral
places; as Bryn jr Iwrch , Phynon yr Iwrch , Lhwmn
Thirdly, The #:1d-Boar, whereof men-
tion is made by Dr. Davies, at the end of his Di&i-
onary. Andlaſtly, I have offer d ſome arguments
to prove alſo that Bears were heretofore natives of
this Iſland , which may be ſeen in Mr. Ray's Synopſis
Methodica Animalium quadrupedum, &Cc. p.213.
[d] There have been, ſince our Author writ this
—_— ſeveral other Lead-Mines, diſcover'd in this
part of the County ; but the moſt conſiderable that
has been found out in our time ( either here, or in
any other part of the Kingdom) is that of Bwlch yr
Eskir bir, diſcover'd Anno 1690. which was lately the
poſleflion of the right worſhipful Sir Carbury Pryſe
of Gogerdban, Baronet, who dying without iflue, and
the ticle being extin&, was ſucceeded in this eſtate
of Cn by the worſhipful Edward Pryſe, the
ſon of Thomas Pryſe of Lhan Vred, Eſq. who is the
reſent Proprietor of theſe Mines. The Ore was
re ſo nigh 'the ſurface of the Earth , that ( as
I have been credibly inform'd) the moſs and grafs
did in ſome places but juſt cover it; which ſeems to
add credit to that place of Pliny Nat. Hiſt. lib. 34.
C. 17.——Nigro plumbo ad fiſtulas lamini/que utimur ,
laborieins in Hiſpania eruto : ſed in Britannia ſummo ter-
r& corio, adeo large, ut lex ultro dicatur , ne plus certo
modo fiat. But becauſe there is a Map of chele Lead-
mines, publiſhed by the Steward Mr. William Waker,
trogerher with a far better account of them than may
be expected here, it ſeems needleſs to add any more
on this ſubje&. |
F There are alſo in this Countrey, ſeveral ſuch
ancient Stone-monuments as we have obſery'd in the
receding Counties, whereof I ſhall briefly mention
fuch as I have ſeen, becauſe they may differ in ſome
reſpe& from thoſe already deſcrib'd.
Lhech yr Aft, in the pariſh of Lhan Goedmor, is a
vaſt rude ſtone of about eight or nine yards in cir-
cumference, and at leaſt half a yard chick. It is
plac'd inclining, the one fide of it on the ground,
che other ſupported by a pillar of about three foot
high. I have ſeen a Monument ſomewhat like
this, near Lhan Edern in Glamorganſhice, call'd alſo
by a name of the ſame fignification Glal y Vila#t,
which affords no information to the curious , ſigni-
tying only the Bitch-Kennel , becauſe it might ſerve
or ſuch uſe. That Gwil y Vilaft, is ſuch a rude
ſtone as this, but much longer , and ſomewhat of
an oval form, about four yards long, and two in
breadch, ſupported at one end by a ſtone about ewo
foot high , fomewhat of the ſame form (tho' much
more rude) 25 thoſe we.tind at the head and feet of
Cities ; ic being not improbable, but that many of
graves in Country Churches. There is alfo by this
Lbtch
— -— = - —_ - - eo _— ow
647.
— — EPIFamv ware es oo -
Lhech yr 45#, ſuch another monument, but much
les and lower ; and five beds (ſuch as we call Kificu
Maen, but not coverd) ſcarce two yards long, of
rude ſtones pitch'd in the ground ; as likewiſe a cir-
cular area of the ſame kind of ſtones, the diameter
whereof is about four yards ; but moſt of the ſtones
of this circle are now fallen: and about fix yards
from it, there lies a ſtone on the ground, and an-
other beyond that, at the ſame diſtance, which
DIMET EA
But to proceed from theſe barbarons monument
( which yer I rake to be no more rude than thoſe of
our neighbour nations before they were conquer'd þ
the Romans) to ſomething later and more civilized.
I ſhall here add an Inſcription 1 lately copied from 1
large rude ſtone in Penbryn pariſh, not far from the
Church. Ir ſtood not long ſince (as TI was inform'd)
in a ſmall heap|jof ſtones, cloſe by the place where
. = / .
it lies now on the ground. The ffone 1s as hard x;
doubtlefs b{long to it.
Meineu hirion near Neuodh ( the feat of the worſhip-
ful David Parry Eſq; the preſent High-Sheriff of Pen-
brokeſhire ) are perhaps ſome remaining pillars of
ſuch a circular ſtone-monument ( though much lar.
ger ) as chat deſcrib'd in Caer-Mardhin-ſhice, by the
name of Meneu g%
maible, and the letters large and very fair, and
deeper inſcrib'd than ordinary ; but whar they fig.
nihe, I fear muſt be left ro the Reader's conjeRure.
I muſt confeſs, that at firſt view, I chonght T might
venture to read it, Cor Balencit jacit Ordous ; and to
interpret it, The heart of Valentius of North-Walces lis;
oy | bere ; ſuppoſing that fuch a perſon might have been
Meineu Kyvrivol ( or the numerary ſtones ) near the | ſlain there in battel. In old Inſcriptions we often
ſame place, ſeem to be alſo the remains of ſome ſuch | tind the letter B. uſed for V. as Balerius for Valeriu;,
barbarous monument. They are 19 ſtones lying on | Bixſit for Vix/ir, Militabit for Militavit, &Cc. and the
the ground confuſedly, and are theretore call'd Meineu | word Ordous | thought not very remote from Orgs.
Kyvrivol by the vulgar, who cannot eaſily number | vices. But I am not fatisfied with this notion of it
them ; whereof two only ſeem'd to have been pitch'd | my ſelf, much lefs do I expect that others ſhould
on end. acquieſce therein.
Lhech y Gowrez *, ( a monument well known alfo
in this. neighbourhood ) ſeems much more worth
our obſervation ; being an exceeding vaſt ſtone, pla-
ced on four other very large pillars or ſupporters, |
about the height of five or ſix foot. Beſides which |
four, there are two others pitch'd on end under the
top-ſtone, but much lower, fo that they bear no part
of the weight. There are alſo three ſtones ( two
large ones, and behind thoſe a leſſer ) lying on the
ps at each end of this monument : and at ſome |
iſtance, another rude ftone, which has probably
lome reference to it, This Lheich y Gowres hands on
ſuch a ſmall bank or riſing, in a plain open field, as
the five ſtones near the circular monument call'd
Rolrich ones in Oxfordſhire.
Hir-vaen gv4ydbog *, is a remarkable pillar about
16 foot high, 3 foot broad, and 2 thick. It's ereQ-
ed on the top of a mountain, in the confines of the
riſhes of Kelban and Lhan y Kriys, and is at pre-
ent (whatever it was put up for) the mere-ſtone or
boundary betwixt this County and Caer-Mardhin-
ſhire. Not far from it, is Maen y prewvol, which 1
have not ſeen, but ſuppoſe from the name to be a
monument of that kind we call Kif-vaern ; for Prenuo!
in this country (in North-Wales Prennol) ſignifies a
ſmall coffer or cheſt,
Gwely Talieſm, in the pariſh of Lhen-Vibangel geneu'r
$9", by its name, and the tradition of the neigh-
urs concerning it, ought to be the grave of the ce-
lebrated Poet Taliefm ben beirdh, who flouriſh'd about
the year 540. This grave or bed {for thar's the ſig-
nification of the word Gwely) ſeems allo to be a ſort
of Kiſt-wvaen, 4 foot long, and 3 in breadth 5; com-
poſed of 4 ſtones, x at each end, and 2 ide-ſtones ;
whereof the higheſt is about a foot above ground. 1
take this, and all others of this kind, for old heathen
monuments, and am far from believing that ever
Talieſin was interr'd here.
* 1d eſt,
Saxum fo-
mine 01-
ganee.
—N
CHACIT
CORBALE
ORDove,
In this ſame pariſh of Penbryn, was found ſome
years ſince, a Britiſh gold coyn, weighing (1 ſup-
poſe ) above a Guinea z which is now in the pollel-
fion of the worſhiptul Fob» Williams Eſquire of Aber
Nant bychan, who was pleas'd to ſend me the figure
of it, inſerted now among(t ſome other Antiquities
at the end of theſe Counties of Wales.
From this, and many others found in ſeveral pla-
ces of this Kingdom, it's manifeſt the Britains had
gold and filver coyns of their own, before the Roman
Conqueſt ; unleſs fuch as contend for the contrary,
can make it appear that theſe coyns were brought in
by the Phcenicians, or ſome other trading Nation,
which I think no man has yer attempted. For fe
ing fuch of theſe coyns as want Inſcriptions are al.
ways a little hollow on the one ſide, and have alſo
impreſſions or characters (if I may fo call them )
different from thoſe of Roman and all other coyns;
its very plain the art of coyning them was never
learn'd of the Romans ; for it ſo, we had never met
with theſe unintelligible characters on them, but Ro-
man letters, ſuch as, by ſome coyns of || Caſſive/aunu:
and Cunobelm, we find they made uſe of after ther |
conquelt.
Since Mr. Camden's time, Thomas Brudenel, Baron
Brudenel of Sroughron, was created Earl of Cardigan
by K. Charles 2. Apr. 20. 1661. upon whoſe death
| Rebert his ſon ſucceeded in his eſtate and ticles.
*14 eſt,
Coloſſus
c0n{þ1 cules.
+ tcf,
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protovatce.
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"MONTGOMERYSHIRE.
0:44 D EV ECMS
Hoſe Countries of the Silures and Dimetz we have laft ſurvey d, were in after-timer,
B when Wales became divided imto three Principalitits, call d by the Natives Deheu-
barth (or the Right-hand part) and is Engliſh, as we have already obſerty'd,
* South-Wales. The other two Principalities (which they call Gwynedh and Powys,
we North-Wales and Powiſland) were inhabited by the Ordovices, calPd alſo Orde-
vices and Ordovicz, and in ſome Authors (tho' corruptly) Ordolucz. A touragions
and puiſſant Nation theſe were, as being inbabitants of a mountainons country, and re-
ceiving vigour from their native ſoil; and who continued the longeit of any, uncon-
quer'd, by either Romans or Engliſh. For they were not ſubdu'd by the Romans, til
the time of the Emperour Domittan ; when Julius Agricola reduced almo#t the whole
nation : nor were they ſubjected by the Engliſh before the reign of Edward the fire.
For @ long time they enjoy'd their liberty, confiding as well in their own ſtrength and
courage, as the roughneſs and difficult ſituation of their country : which may ſeem, in a manner, as if nature bad de-
ſign'd it for Ambuſcades, and prolonging of war.
To determine the limits of theſe Ordevices, « no hard tak; but to render a true account of the name, ſeems wery
difficult. However, I bave entertain'd a conjefture, that ſeeing they are ſeated on the two rivers of Devi, which ſpring-
ing not far aſunder, take their courſe different ways ; and that * Oar-devi * the Britiſh language ſignifies, Upon %
rrvers of Deviz they bave been thence call'd Ordevices. So the Arverni recerv/d their name from their ſituation
on the river Garumna ; che Armorici fom inhabiting a maritim country, and the Horeſci from their bordering on
the rrver Esk.
Nor ® the name of the Ordevices ſo entirely extin in ths country, but that there remain ſome footſteps of it.
For a confiderable part of it, which lies on the ſea, u at thu day calld by the inhabitants Ardudwy ; out of which
the Romans, by a ſofter pronunciation, may ſeem to have coyn'd their Ordovices and Ordevices. But now the
whole tratt, one ſmall County excepted, s call'd m Latin Gwynedhia, and Venedotia, and in Britiſh Gwynedh,
from the Veneti in Armorica as ſome ſuſpeft, who ( as Ceſar writes) were ws'd often to ſail into Britain.
And if it were allowable to change but one letter, 1 might ſuppoſe thu name alſo not unknown to the Greeks and to
Pauſanias, who in bs Arcadia informs ws, that Antoninus Pius bad ſufficiently chaſtiſed our Brigantes, for making
mroads wto Genounia, a Roman Province in Britain. Now if we may be allow'd to read Genouthia for Ge- G:nounia.
nounia, that word comes ſo near Guinethia, and ths Guinethia [vr Gwynedh] borders ſo much on the country
of the Brigantes, that unleſs Pauſanias underſtood thu region, let Sibylla her ſelf diſcover what country he meant.
To the Ordovices belong'd thoſe Countries which are now call'd m Engliſh by new names, Mont-Gomery-ſhire,
Meirionydh-ſhire, Caernarvon-ſhire, Denbigh-ſbire, and Flint-ſhire.
- \} X
- \- - , _— ,
DYS "w/\ I s
* Read
Ar-dÞ v;.
MONTGOMERYSHIR E.
Ontgomeryſbire, in Britiſh Sir Dre' Vald-
wyn, from it's chief town, is bound-
ed on the ſouth with Cardigan and
Radnor Shires ; on the eaſt with
Shropſhire ; on the north with Den-
bigb, and on the weſt with Meirio-
mdb Shire. This County, though it be mountain-
ous, is yet in general a fertile Country, having fruit-
—— in flumen precipitatur Abren,
Nomen Abren fluvio de wvirgine ; nomen eidem
Nomine corrupto, deinde Sabrina datur.
Headlong was Abren thrown into the ſtream,
And hence the river took the Virgin's name,
Corrupted thence at laſt Sabrina came.
This river has ſo many windings near its Fountain-
ful Vales as well for paſture as arable land : and was
formerly a breeder of excellent horſes ; which ( as
Giraldus informs us ) were much eſteem'd, as well for
_=_ their ſhape and ftatelinefs +, as incomparable ſwiftneſ.
| At the utmoſt limit of this County, weſtward,
where it ends in a Cone or ſharp point, lies Machyn-
u beth; the Maglona perbaps of the Romans, where * in
the time of Hoenorixs the Emperour, the Przfe& of the
Solenſians lay in garriſon under the Dux Britannie, in
order to keep in ſubjetion the inhabitants of that
head, that ic ſeems ofcen to recurn ; but proceeds
nevertheleſs, or rather wanders ſlowly, chrough this
County, Shropſhire, Worceſterſhire, and laſtly Gloceſter-
ſhire ; and having throughout it's whole courſe en-
rich'd the ſoil, is at laſt diſcharged into the Severn-
ſea. In this County, being ſhaded with woods it
or New town, and Kaer Sws, ( which is reported to
be both ancient, and to enjoy ancient privileges; )
and not far from it's bank on the eaſt-ſide, leaves
rakes it's courſe northward by Lhas Idlos, Tre' newydb 1 han lates.
New-town.
Kaer 5W$.
Montgomery, the chief town of this County, ſeated on Montgo-
a riſing rock, having a pleaſant plain under it. "Twas ©)
buile by Baldwin, Lieutenant of the Marſhes of Wales, Tre' Vald-
in the reign of K. Will. 1. whence the Britains call ic *?”
Tre Valdwin, i.e. Baldwin's Town; but the Englith, Mone-
gomery, from Roger de Mont Gomery, E. of Shrewsbury *,
whole inheritance it was, and who builr the Caſtle,
as we read in Domeſday-book : though Florilegus
fabulouſly tells us, 'twas call'd Mons Gomeriems (from
it's ſituation) by King Henry 3. afcer he had rebuilc
it ; for the Welſh had overthrown it, putting the
garriſon to the ſword, in the year 1095. afrer which
it lay along time negleted. However, certain it is,
King "Henry 3. granted, That the Burrough of Anno 11,
mountainous trat. And at 2 miles diſtance, near Pen-
#, albt, we find a place call'd Kewn- Kaer ||, where they
= lometimes dig up Roman Coyns; and where are ſeen
* the footſteps of a round wall of conſiderable extent [ a].
» Five miles hence, that mountain of + Plinlimon, I
are Mention'd, riſes to a great height ; and on that fide
' Where it limits this County, ſends out the river
» Sabrina, call'd by the Britains Havren, and in Eng-
? liſh Seavern ; which, next to Thames, is the mo
a4 Noted river of Britain. Whence it acquired that
==, Name, I could never learn ; for, that a Virgin call'd
Sabrina was drown'd therein, ſeems only a Fable of
efreys invention ; on whoſe authority alſo a late :
Poet built theſe verſes: ' that
————
' In the time of the Empereur Theudefius the yunger. * Who winning much land here Sem the Welſh, as we find in Domiſiay, &c.
*'Si Montgomery
6
—
ORDEFVICES. |
Cn
651
—— -— | — CE” > ei ni Ione ones
—_
Montgomery ſhould be a free Burrougb,with other Liberties 3, i more remote from Adiolarum , than either Millang
Near this town Corndon-bill riſes to a conſiderable | in Italy, Le Million in Xantoigne, or AMethlen in the
height;on the top whereof are placed certain * ſtones | Low-Countiies; all which (as is generally allowed)
in form of a crown (whence the name) in memory | were formerly known by the name cf Atediolanuz,
perhaps of ſome victory [ c]. Now whether of theſe conjectures comes nearer the
A liccle lower, the river Severn glides by Tralhwn, | truth, let the Reader determine, for my own pare [
i. e. the town by the Lake , whence the Engliſh call it | only deliver my opinion. If I ſhould affim that this
Weiſh Pool [d). Near unto which on the South-fide, | our Mediolanum, and thoſe other Cities of the fame
Rd Cate js a Caſtle, call'd from the reddiſh ſtones whereof 'ris | Name in Gaul, were built either by Duke Medas or
buile, Kaftelh Koch , where , within the ſame walls | Prince Olanws ; or that whillt it was building, Sa;
are two Caſtles ; one belonging tothe Lord of Powys, mediatim lanata [ 2 Sow half clad with wooll] was dug
the other to Baron Dudley. KadWgan ap Bledbyn, that | up , ſhould 1 not ſeem to pralp at clouds and trifle ?
Corndon-
hill.
__ *Common-
ly call'd
Mag :fold.
We | hh
Pool.
ſtories of their Medio.
* [.Myrn-
wy.
Mediola-
num
Mathraval.
renowned Britain mention'd in the Jaſt County,
whilſt he was intent on the building of this Caſtle,
was ſlain by his nephew Madek, as we find in the A-
bridgment of K'radok of Lhan Garvan. Oppoſite to
this, on the other ſide the river , lyes Buttington , a
place noted for the Danes wintering there : whence
Marianxs tells us they were driven out by Adberedus
Duke of Aercis, inthe yzar 894. The river Severn
having left theſe places , winds it ſelf by degrees to-
wards the Eaſt, that it may the ſooner receive a ſmall
river call'd Tazat *, wherewith being united, it encers
Shropſhire.
I am fully perſwaded ( becauſe it ſeems a certain
eruth ) that the Mediolanum of the Ordowices, celebra-
ted by Antoninus and Ptolemy, ſtood in this Country,
the footſteps whereot I havediligently endeavour'd to
trace out, tho' with no great ſucceſs; ſo far doth age
conſume even che very skeletons and ruins of Ciries.
However (if we may conjecture from its lituation, ſee.
ing thoſe Towns which Antoninw places on each ſide,
are well known; wiz. on one fide Boniwm, call d now
Bangor, by the river Dee,and on the other Rutunium,
now Rowton Caſtle, for he places it twelve Italian
miles from this, and from the other, ewenty ) the
lines of Poſition (if we may fo term them) or ra-
ther of Diſtance, croſs each other betwixt Matbra-
val and Lhan Vylbin, which are ſcarce three miles
aſunder, and in a manner demonſtrate to us the fitua-
tion of our Mediolanum. For this method of find-
ing out a third from ewo known places, cannot de-
ceive us, when there are neither Mountains inter-
pos'd , nor the turningsof Roads diſcontinued. This
Mathraval lyes tive miles tothe welt of Severn, and
( which in ſome degree aſlerts the Antiquity of it)
tho' it bz now but a bare name, *twas once the Royal
Seat of the Princes of Powys; and isalſo noted in Au-
® De vereri thors, who teil us, that after the Princes left it, ® Ro-
te.
an Vyl-
In.
Kevn, Kacr. Fy KR
bert Vipont an Engliſh-man built a Caſtle therein. But
Lhban Vylbin (i. &. the Church 4 Mylbin ) a {mall mar-
ker-town, tho' in reſpect O diſtance it be farther
off, is yet, as to affinity of name much nearer Me-
diolanum. For the word Yylbin is by a propriety of
the Britiſh, only a variation of Afylbin ; as Kaer-
Vyrdbin, from Kaer and Myrdbin , and Ar-von from
fir-m:on. Nor is this name of Afylbin [ or Myllin }
3 Now th: Hetberts ave bere ſeated, branched out
may jeem over-much of Mediolanum, which I have ſough
wife's Progenizors.
4 brother of Sir William Herbert, the firſt Earl of Penbroke of that name.
t here and about Alcciter not far off.
And yetthe Halians tell all the
lanum. But ſeeing it is moſt evident that all cheſe were
founded by people who ſpoke the fame language (tor
we have Gown already, that the Gauls and Britains
uſed one common tongue;) it ſeems highly probable,
that they had their denomination from one and the
ſame original Now our Mediolanum agrees in no-
thing with that of Italy, but that each of them are
ſeated in a Plain between two rivers; and a learned
Italian has from thence derived the name of his AMe-
diolanum , for that it is ſeated media inter laxas,which
he interprets betwix: Brooks or ſmall Rivers [e] 4.
This County has dignified no Earl with its name
and title, till very
atGreenwich, Philip Herbert a younger fon of Henry Earl
of Penbroke by Mary Sydney,at one andthe ſame time
Baron Herbert of Shurland and Earl of Montgomery, as
a particular mark of his favour, and for the great
hopes he conceiv'd of his virtuous qualifications.
The Princes of Pows , deſcended from Roderic
the Great ft, poſſeſs'd this County with fome others
in a continued ſeries, till the time of Edward the 8
ſecond. For then Owen the fon of 4b ap Give-
»iymwyn the laſt Lord of Powys of Britiſh Extraction
(for the title of Prince was diſcontinued long before)
et only one daughter, calld Hows , who was mar-
ried to 5 Fobn Charton an Engliſh-man, the King's
Vale, and he thereupon created Earl of Powys by
| King Edward the ſecond. His Arms ( as I have ob-
ſerved in ſeveral places ) were Or, @ Lion rampant
| Gules *. He was ficcooded in this title by four Ba-
rons, until the male-line became extin@ in Edward ;
who by «leavers, daughter and one of the heireſles
of Thomas Holland Earl of Kent, had twodaughters,
viz. Fane married to Sir Fobn Grey, and Foyce the
wife of John Lord Tiprofs, from wham deſcended
the Barons Dudley, and others. This Sir Fobn Grey Doph
6 Hens
King Henry the fifth, receiv'd the Eaffdon of Tax End
quervil in Normandy, © to him and his heirs male,deli- *
by his own martial valour, and the munificence of
© yering one Baſſinet at the Caſtle of Rozy, yearly on
**S. George's day”. His ſon was Hemry Lord Powys,
in whoſe Family the title of Powys continued ho-
nourable to Edwerd Gr
time, dicd without law
who not long before our
iſſue [ f].
»
ul
4 Put thu
$ Sir John. 6s Which he receiv/d from bu
There are in this County 47 Pariſpes.
—————rreE
—}
ADDITIONS to MONTGO MERYSHIRE.
Ewn Kaer , tho' it be here mention'd,
lyes in the County of Meir ; CON-
cerning which a oo aps bas
liv'd there many years, adds this far-
ther account.
The main Fort which was on the higheſt part of
the hill, was built quadrangularly , and abs'd
with a ſtrong wall and a broad ditch,of an oval iorm:
excepting that towards the valley, 'ewas extended in
a direc line, On theout-ſide of the great ditch next
the river Dyvz, the foundations of many Houſes have
been diſcover'd;; and on a lower Mount there ſtood
a {mall Fort, which may be ſuppoſed te have been
built of bricks, for that they find there pewy of
them. All the out-walls were built of a tough
ſtone, which muſt have been carried thicher by wa-
ter, there being none ſuch nearer than 72! 7 Gone,
diſtant from this place about ſeven miles. From the
Fort to the water-ſide, there's a broad hard. way of
| els pebles and other ſtones,continued in a ſtraight
: |
| pugh meadows and marſh-grounds , w
may be about two hundred yards long , and ten Or
twelve in breadth. Ir is very evident, this Fort hath
| been demoliſh'd before the building -of the Chureh
of Penalbt, for that we- find in the walls of- that
Church, ſeveral bricks mixt with the ftones , which
wer
it fipu
Exh
lately An. 1605, King James created
mery,
Fr
-
Lord
Pown
p_—
Go . I-4 8
I ———__ ©
—
W--.
MONTGOMER
YS HIRE.
were doubtleſs brought thither from this place. Ro-
man Coyns have been found here ſin:ze Mr.Camden's
time; particularly ſome filver —_ of Auguſtus and
Tiberivs ; and near the main Fort, in a field calld
Kie Lhveyn y Newodb ( 1. e. the Court or Palace-grove) a
{mall gold chain was found, about four inches long ;
and another time a Saphire-ſtone neatly cut. Some
other things of leſs note have been diſcover'd in the
{ame place; as a very largebraſs Cauldron, uſed fince
25 a brewing veſſel at Kaer Berlban; ſeveral pieces of
lead; and ſome very odd Glafſes of a round form
like hoops, which were of ſeveral ſizes, fome of them
being about ewenty inches in circumference, others
much lefs, &*'c. Theſe hoop-glafſes were curiouſly
liſted, of divers colours; fome of which being broke,
was oblerv'd that variety proceeded from Sands or
Powders of the ſame colours, incloſed in ſeveral Cells
within the Glab.
[b |] Kaer Sws was anciently a town of conſidera-
ble note, as may be concluded from the ſtreet there,
— - —— - - OTRO— —— - >
654
— A "OS 9 >
of chat City. His arguments for the agreeableneſs
of the names of Med:olanum and Mylbin [though he
| writes it Adetblin] are fo valid, that I know not whac
can be objeRed to them. However, it ſeems obſer-
vable, that we do not find it was cuſtomary a-
mong the Britains, to prefix the word Lban ( i. e.
Church) to the name of Roman Cities ; but if any
word was prefixt, 'twas generally Kaey (i. e. a Fort or
Fence) as Caer Lhtion, Kaer Went , Kaer Vyrdbin, &c.
And tho' we ſhould allow the invalidity of this ob-
jetion, and ſuppoſe the word Lhan might be intra-
duced in latter times ; yet conſidering that a learned
and inquiſitive Gentleman of this Town (who a-
mongſt his other ſtudies, has always had a particular
regard to the Antiquities of his Country) has not in
the ſpace of forty years met with any Coyns here,
or other tokens of a place inhabiced by the Romans ;
nor yet diſcover'd the leaſt figns that this town was
anciently of any conſiderable note ; I think we can-
not ſafely (barely on account of its name and vici-
and the lanes about it. I cannot learn that any Ro-| nity to the ſituation requird) conclude it the old
man coyns have been diſcover'd at this place ; how-
ever that it was of Roman foundation feems highly
probable,for that there have been lately (beſides ſome
neat hewn ſtones tor building ) ſeveral bricks dug
up there, of that kind we frequently meer with in
ſuch ancient Cities as were pollef'd by the Romans.
It has had a Cattle and art leaſt one Church , and is
Gid to have been heretofore the feat of the Lords of
Arwyſtli 5 but how far this town extended, ſeems at
prelent altogether uncertain. It has had encamp-
ments about it at three {cveral places , wiz. Firſt, on
the North-ſide, on a Mountain call'd G db.
Secondly, Eaftward, near a place call'd Rhis dbiarbed,
in the of Lhban Dbinam,wherce, beſides —_—
thirdly, at a place call'd Kews Karnedb, about a quar-
ter of a mile on the Welt-fide of the town. More-
over, about half a mile Southward from this Kewn
Kargnedh, on the top of a hill above Lhew Dhinam
Church, there's a remarkable entrenchment calPd
Gaer Veohan, which name may fignifie either tbe leſſer
City, Or the leſſer Fortification, but i here doubtleſs put
for the latter, |
+ ({c} The: ſtones on the top of Cornden-biB, are no
=: other than faur fuch rude heaps as are commonly
known on the Mountains of Wales, by the name of
Karneu and: Kernedben , whereof the Reader may find
ſome general account in Radvorſbire. And to me it
ſeems very probable ( ſtones can in no
relpe& be compar'd to a Crown ) that the name of
Cornden is derived from this word Kern (the ſingular
of Karnes) With the addition of the Engliſh termina-
tion don, ſignifying Monntain or Hill, as in Snowdon,
Huntiagdan, &c. which conjure is much confirm'd,
when we conſider there are many hills in Wales de-
nontinated Fram ſuch heaps of ſtones; as Karn Lbe-
chart m Glamorganfhire, Karnedb Dbovidb , Karnedb
Higin, and Karuedb' Lhewelyn in! Caernarvonſhire ,
weh many more in other Counties.
\ [4d] Traliwn from Trey Lhys, is an Etymology
agreeable enough wich the ſituation of this place ;
acherwiſe I ſhould be apt to fuſpeRt the word Tralbwn
Right he the name of a place near this pool , before
the rown was built, and that the town afterwards
took its name from it. For - _ « has m_
tis 2 common appelltire, h ſoft on
Roads (oreifoutaed) as travellers may be apt to fink
into, as I have abfſerr'd particularly in the Moun-
tains of Glamorganſhire. And that a great deal of
' the ground near this place is fach , is alſo very well
EnownAs forthe Erymign of the appeliative Tratbwn,
ia of Tracth hy , i. e.
we.
i fall Damen the fauation of the old Aediole-
> our Amor to diſcourſe with that judg-
ment and modeſty as becomes the character he julſt-
ly bears in the world : and ſince his time, -I cannot
lezrn that an Roman Monuments have been dif
corer'd at either of the places he mentions,that might
remove his ſcruples, and fully determine the poſition
7
ments, there's a very large Mount or Barrow.
|
Atediolanum., Therefore it ſeems convenient to have
recourſe to the ſituation aflign'd this City by Dr.Pow-
&, before our Author writ his Britannia ; who in his
learned Annotations on Giraldus's Itinerary *, affures | L-c.+
us 'twas not only the opinion of ſome Antiquaries,
that the ancient Medio/anum was feated where the
village of Meived ſtands at preſent; bur alſo that the
ſame village and places adjoyning afforded in his
time ſeveral ſdch remarkable Monuments, as made it
evident,there had been formerly a conſiderable cown
at that place. This Meivod is ſeared about a mile
below Mathravel, on the North-ſide of the river
Myrawy ; and three miles Southward of Lhan Vylbin,
at the fituation our Author requires. At preſent
there remains only a Church and a ſmall village, but
ſeveral yet living have ſeen there the ruins of ewo
other Churches. I am inform'd that about a mile
from the Church there's a place call'd Erw'r Porth,
i e. the Gete-acre, which is to have taken its
name from one of the Gates of the old City, and
that in the ds adjoyning to this village, Cawt-
ways, ations of Buildings, Floors and Harths
are often diſcover'd by Labourers ; but whether any
fuch Monuments as we may ſafely conclude Roman,
as Coyns, Urns, Inſcriptions, &c. are found at this
place,” I muſt leave to enquiry. Meivod ( as
BiſhopUlher ſuppoſes )is calf dby Nennius Cair Meguid,
and in other copies Cair d ; bur what the
word Meguid or Merguod, or yet Merved or Mediola-
num might fignifie, is hardly intelligible at preſent ;
at leaſtwiſe I cannot difcern that the modern Bri-
tiſh affords us any information concerning the origin
of theſe names.
Mathravel mention'd here as formerly the feat of
the Princes of Powys, ſhews at preſent no remains
of its ancient , there being only a ſmall
Farm-houſe where the Caftle ſtood. Lhan Yylbin is a
market-town of conſiderable note, firft incorporated
by Lhewelyn ap Grufydb Lord of Mechain and Moch-
naw,in the time of Edward the fecond. It's govern'd
by ewo Bailiffs, choſen annually , who beſides other
Privileges granted to the town by King Charles the
ſecond ing date March 28. Ao Reg. 25.) were
on of the Peace within the Corporation
during the time of their being Bailif.
[f] The ip of Powys was afrerwards pur-
chaſed by Sir Edward Herbert, ſecond ſon of William
Earl of Penbroke; to whom fucceeded his eldeft
ſon Sir Wiliom Herbert , created Lord Powys by
Kiog James the firſt, whom his ſon Percy ſucceeded
in the ſame title. But his fon Wiliam was firft
made Earl of Powys: by King Charles the ſecond,
and afterwards Marquis of Powys by King James.
Since Philip Herbert, cond fon of* Hexry Fart of Farls of
Penbroke , was created Ear} of Montgomery (3 Jac. r. Mns*me
May 4) the ſame perſons have enjoy'd the ritles of
Pexbroke and , and at preſent both are
joyn'd in the right honourable Thomas Baron Herbers
.of Cardiff, &c.
MEI[RIONYDH-
ORDEFVICES.
MEIRIONYDHSHIRE.
Eyond the County of Montgomery, lies
Mcirionydbſhire , which the Britains call
Sir Veirionjdb, in Latin Mervinia, and
by Giraldus, Terra filiorum Conant It
reaches to the crooked bay I mention'd,
and is waſh'd by the main Ocean on the
weſt-ſid2 with ſuch violence, that ir may be thought
to have carried off ſome part of it. On the ſouth (for
ſome miles ) *tis divided from Cardiganſhire by the
river Dywy; and on the north, borders on Caernarvon
and Denbighſhire. ;
This County hath ſuch heaps of mountains, that
(as Giraldus obſerves ) 't# the rougheſt and moſt un-
pleaſant County of all Wales. For the hills are extraordina-
ry bigh, and yet wery narrow, and terminating in ſhary
peaks; nor are they thin ſcatter'd, but placed wery cloſe,
and ſo eaten in hetght, that the ſhepherds frequently con-
werſe from the tops of them ; who yet, in caſe they ſhould
wrangle and appoint a meeting, can (carce come together
from morning till night | a].
Innumerable flocks ot ſheep graze on theſe moun-
tains ; nor are they in any danger of Wolves, which
are thought to have been then deſtroy'd throughout
all England, when King Edgar impos'd a yearly cri.
bute of three hundred wolves skins on f Ludwa!
Prince of theſe Countries. For ( as we find in Wil-
liam of Malmesbury ) © When he had performed this
* for three years, he defiited che fourth, alledging
© he could not find one more*. However, that there
remain'd ſome long aſter, is manifeſt from unqueſti-
onable Records.
The inhabicants, who app!iy themſelves wholly to
the breeding of cattel, and who feed on milk-meats,
viz. butter, cheele, &c. ( notwithſtanding that
Strabo formerly derided our Britains as ignorant of
the art of making cheeſe) are ſcarce inferiour to any
Mountains
ex ecding
high.
Wolves in
England
deitroy'd.
+ No
Prince of
this name
in Wales:
An leg. 11-
wal «
See De by-
ſhire and
Yorkſhire.
y the neighbours Herie
Way
diers : whence that way is call'd b
at this day, Lhe Herbert | c |.
Higher up, in the confines of this County and
Caernarvonſhire, two notable arms of the ſea en-
croach on the land, call'd T Traeth mawr and Trarth
bychan, that is, the Greater Waſh or Frith, and the Leſſer.
And not far from hence, near a ſmall village call'd
Feſtineog, there is a high road or military way of «>
pitch'd ſtones, which leads thorough theſe difficulke
and almoſt unpaſſable mountains ; and ſeeing it is
call'd in Britiſh Sar» Helen, or Helen's way, it 1s but Hi!
reaſonable that we ſuppoſe it made by Helena the mo. **
ther of Conltantine the Great ; whoſe works were
many and magnificent throughout the Roman Em-
pire | d],
Nor is Kaer Gai, 1. e. Caias's caſtle, far from this
place, buile W” 9 Caiw a Roman ; of whom the
common e of that neighbourhood report great
things, ow Boe gs >
In the eaſt part of the County, the river Dee ſprings Ti
from two fountains, whence *tis ſuppoſed it deriv'd **
it's name ; for they call ir D%y, which alſo fenities
the number two ; though others contend it took the
name from the word Duw, as if a ſacred river ; and
ſome from Di, which denotes black, from the colour wa
of the water. This river, after a very ſhort courſe, *:
pailes entirely, and unmix'd, through a large lake, &
call'd Lhyn Tegid, in Engliſh Pimble Aear, and || Plew- 1.
yn Mear, carrying out the ſame quantity of water it ws,
brought in. For neither are the Gwiniad [e], which
are a fiſh peculiar co this lake, found in the Dee; ys
nor any Salmons taken in the lake, tho' commonly in
the river : but, if you pleaſe, take here an accurate
deſcription of this lake, by an Antiquarian Poet,
F&
Hifpida qua tells Mervinis reſpicit Eurum,
people of Britain, in ſtature, clear complexion, come: |
t have an ill,
for Incontinency |
lines, and due proportion of limbs ;
character among(t their neighbours
and Idleneſs. |
It hath but few towns. On the eaſt where Dyy |
runs, Kwmmwd Mowdbwy is a place well known ; |
which was formerly the inheritance of Williem, other-
wiſe call'd Wilkok Mowdbwy, a younger ſon of Gru-|
f1db ap Gwenwynwyn, and by his ſon's daughter it de-
Condpd to * Hugo Burgh, and again by daughters of
that houſe, to the honourable families of Newport,
Leighton, Lingen and Mitton. |
Where the river {| Awvos runs more weſterly, lies |
Dol Gelbeu, a ſmall market-town, 1o call'd from the
valley wherein 'tis ſeated [b ]. And cloſe by the ſea in
the {mall Country of Ardedwy, ſtands the caitle of
Ar-lech ( call'd heretofore Kaer Kelhwyn) on a ſteep:
rock, which, as the inhabitants report, was buile by
Edward 1. and took it's name from the fituation ;
for Ar-lech in the Britiſh ſignihes on 4 rock 3 though
+ Quaſi ſome call it Harlech |, and interpret it, A rock plea-
PRIN ſantly fituated. When England was embroild in
civil wars. Davidh ap Jenkin ap Enion, a Britiih No-
bleman, who ſided with the houſe of Lancaſter, de-
jended this caſtle ſtoutly for a long time againſt Ed-
ward 4. until 3 #iliem Herbert, Earl of Penbioke,
forcing his way thorough the mid(t of the Alps of
Wales, though a very toilſome journey, ſtorm'd it
with that vigour, that it was furrender'd into his
hands. It's almoſt incredible what great difficulties
he ſtrugg!d with in this troubleſome journey ; when
in ſome places whilſt he aſcended the mountains, he
was forced to. creep; and elſewhere in deſcending,
to tumble down in a manner, together with his fol-
Mewdhwy,
—_ Gel-
Harlech.
E#t lacus antiquo Penlinum nome ditims,
Hic lacus illimes in wvalle Tegeins alta
Late expandit aquas, & vaſtum conficit orbem.
Excipiens gremio latices, qui fonte perenni
Vicins recidunt de montibus, atque ſonors
Ilecebrus captas demulcent ſuauiter aures.
Illud habet certe lacus admirabile difFu,
Qnantumos magni pluvii non &ſftuat : atqui
Aere turbato, fi vents murmurs tollat,
Excreſcit ſubito rapidis wiolentior undis,
Et tumido ſuperat contempt as flumine ripas.
Where eaſtern ſtorms diſturb the peaceful skies,
In Merioneth famous Peslin lies.
Here a. vaſt Lake which deepeſt vales furround,
From the rough hills with pleaſing murmurs down,
This wondrous property the waters boaſt,
r Y
The riſing waves with fudden rage boyl ore, 6
And conqu'ring billows ſcorn th* uncqual ſhore.
houſes rudely built ; which yet is the chief market of
theſe mountaneers | f
whilſt Grufydb ap * Kynen was his 2 but he'*C
afterwards recovering this land with the reſt of his
His watry globe rowls on the yielding ground.
Encreas'd with conſtant ſprings that genely run
The greateſt rains are in it's chanels loſt,
Nor raiſe the flood; but when loud tempeſts roa
On the brow of this Lake lies Bale, a ſmall privi- kk
ledg'd town, having but few. inhabitants, and the
Hugh, Earl of er, was the firſt Norman that
leiz'd this Country , | and planted- garriſons in it, .
Principality, leſt it to his poſterity, 'who poſleſs'd it
till cheir od parted Is Princes Themad ;
There are in this County 37 Pariſhes.
—
: And Wales.
2» £jy Hugh Berrgh.
3 Sir William,
Ma
bs
he.
a
#
: dg
bs.
'ins-
is, Was once call'd Tir Bronwen, and afterwards receiv'd
MM. . os WT
MEIRIONYDHSHIRE.
653
.
mt
ADDITIONS to MEIRIONYDHSHIRE
[a] is Country ( as Giraldus obſerves)
nerally confider'd,” is the moſt _ |
tainous of al} the Welſh Counties;
though it's mountains are not the
Na Sonoran
ing in hei ing at leaſt equal to them
in rocky precipices. But whereas Giraldus calls it
the roughelt and moſt country in
Wales ; it may be anſwer'd (if that be worth notice)
ES
men
place of
than the hills and ri Kader
Idris is probably one of the higheſt mountains in Bri-
tain ; and (which is one certain argument of it's
height ) it affords ſome variety of Alpine plants : bur
for mountains ſo high, and their tops notwithſtand-
ing ſo near, that men may converſe from them, and
yet ſcarce be able to meet in a whole day; I preſume
there are none ſach in nature : and am certain there
are not any in Wales, but men converſing from their
tops, may meet in half an hour.
[b]'DbI Gelbe or Dil Gelben, is ſo call'd from it's
fituation in a woody vale, for that's the ſignification
of the name; the word Dsl being much the ſame
with the iſh Dale, fo common in the North of
land Scotland : and * Kelbe (in the ſouthern
diale& Kelb; ) ſignifying ſtritly # wood where much
bezel grows, and ſometimes uſed for any other wood;
though at preſent there are not ſo many woods about
this town as were formerly. What antiquity this
place is of, or whether of any note in the time of
the Romans, is uncertain : however, ſome of their
coyns have been of late years dug up near a well|
calld Fynon Vair, within a bow-ſhot of the town ; |
been found hereaboues 4 and that the Britains prefix'd
the word Kder co moſt -places fortitied bythe. Ro-
n_ - vows racy to-all Antiquaries: 5; +.
'the' year 1692. an ancient golden Torgues was
dug up in aigarden» ſomewhere near this,.caſtle of
It's a wreath'd bar of gold (prirather per-
haps three or. four rods:joyntly ewiſted:) about four
foot long:; flexi], bur. bending naturally -oply one
way, inform of a hat-band; hooked: ag -both ends
exactly ( that I may deſcribe' it incelligibly, though
in Yulgar terms ) like a pair of | ny 3 -but theſe
hooks are not twiſted as the. reſt of the 'ro0d, nor are
their ends ſharp, bu plain, and as it! were. cut even;
weighs tight -ounces, and is all over ſo plain, that
it needs -no farther deſcription, It ſeems = ig
ble, Roman Authors always intended an ornament of
this kind by the word:Torgues, leeing it's deriv'd from
Torques 5 'and not a chain'(compos'd of links or an-
nulets ) as.our Grammarians commonly interpret it,
and as Joannes Schefferus ſuppoſes, whe in his learn-
ed and curious diſſertation de Torquibys tells us ; Tor-
ques erant mobiles & ex annulit ; circuls ſolidi & rotundi
monilia paulo latiora, 8c. Moreover, the Britiſh word
Torch, which/is doubtleſs of the fame origin as well
as ſignification with the Latin Torques, is never uſed
for a chain, but generally for a wreath, and ſome-
times, though in a leſs ſtrict ſenſe, for any collar, or
large ring ; our word for a chain being Kadwen,
which agrees alfo with the Latin. Whether the Tor-
ques here deſcrib'd was Britiſh or Roman, ſeems a
queſtion not eaſily decided ; ſeeing we find, thac
anciently moſt Nations we 'have any knowledge of,
uſe this kind of ornament. And aways < that the
Britains had Torques's, we have the autho-
{ It's of around form, about an inch in circumference,
rity of Dis Caſſixs +, who in his deſcription of Boadi- tHiſt.Roax
cea, Or Bunduica, Queen
Nero, tells us, ſhe wore a large golden Torques ( 5pen1%y
Hye oy ipbges, ) that ber garment was of divers co-
lours, Sn If it be objeed, that though ſhe wore
ſuch-an ornament, yet it might be in uſe amongſt
the Britains only fince the Roman Conquelt ; it my
be anſwer'd, that this ſeems not to have been the ſenſe
of the Author, but that he thus deſcribes her for the
ſtrangeneſs of her habit ; adding, that her yelow hair
hung looſe, and reach'd down to ber hips, &c. A farther
confirmation, that the Britains uſed golden Torgquer's,
is, that they were ſo common among their neighbour
nation ( and probably their progenitors ) the Gauls.
of the Iceni in the time of *
62a
two whereof were ſent me by the reverend Mr. Mau- | For Livy || tells us, that Publius Cornelius, when he || Lib. 36.
rice Fones the preſent Recor ; which are fair ſilver
pieces of Trajan and Hadrian: wiz.
1. IMP. TRAIANO AVG. GER. DAC. P. M.
TR. P.
COS. V. P. P.S. Þ. Q. R. OPTIMO PRING.
Trophzum de Dacis.
2. IMP. CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG.
P. M. TR. P. COS. II.
Mars Gradivus cum haſta & ſpoliis.
[Cc] This place, in all likelihood, is denominated
(as our Author ſuppoles ) from it's ſituation on a
rock ; though it's never call'd Arlecb but Harlech. * It
the name of Kaer Kolbwyn from Kolbwyn ap Tagno,
who liv'd there in the time of Prince Anarewd, about
the year 877. and was Lord of Ardudwy and Evio-
»ydb, and ſome part of Lhyn ; which countries are
yet for the moſt part poſſeſs d by his poſterity. His
Arms were, Sable, a cheveron arg. berwixt three
flower-de-luces. * Notwithſtanding that Hoarlech
might receive this name of Kaer Kolhwyn from
Kolhwyn ap Tagno, yer
it ſzems probable that this
lace, or ſome other near it, was call'd Kaer before |
time, For I am aſſured, that in the memory of
me perſons yer living, ſeveral Roman Coins have |
triumph'd over the Boji, produc'd, 'among[t other
ſpoils, 1470 golden Torquess. And Britomarws, 4
commander amongſt the Gauls, whom Mr. Camden
preſumes to have been a Britain, wore fuch an orna-
ment; as we find in * Propertias :
Vaſti parma relata ducis
Virdomars.
Ih; wirgatis jaculantis ab agmine brachis,
Torguis ab inciſa decidit unca gula.
If any ſhall urge farther, (notwithſtanding this au-
choricy of Dio Caflius, which wi:h me is ſufficient )
that ſeeing there's no Britiſh name for this ornament,
(the common word Torch, being deriv'd from the La-
tin Torquis ;) it ſhould follow, the Bricains knew no
ſuch thing ; I anſwer (though we need not nuch in-
fiſt on that objeRion ) that to me it ſeems very ſuſpi-
cious the word was Celtick before *rwas Roman. For
though I acknowledge it deriv'd from Torqueo, yet
we have alſo» the verb Torch; in the ſame ſenſe : and
ſezing that both the Britiſh words Torch and Torchs
are in all appearance deriv'd from the common word
Troi, i.e. to turn; and alſo chat Grammarians know
not well whence to derive Torqueo; I know nor bur
we may find the origin of it in the Britiſh Torch. Nor
ought any one to think it abſurd, that I thus endea-
vour to derive Latin words from the Welſh; ſeeing
2-4 there
C. 40.
* Lib. +
ORDEVICES a.
Hib.Tip,
din ,
MN,
dmon, lod:
Tir, Alteir,
r, A-
wax, Loch.
there are hundreds of words in that uage , that | but by
agree infound end ſigniticationwith the ,which |
yet could not be borrowed the Romans , for
chat the Iriſh retain the ſame, who muſt have been a
Colony of the Britains, long before the Roman Con-
queſt: ;and alſo char the Welſh or Britifh is one Dia-
led of the-old Celtic ; whence, as the beſt Crivicks
allow, the Roman _—_ borrow'd feveral words ;
and I preſume; by the
never alter'd by 4 Row
raced much farther. For inſtanue; we maſt acknow-
ledge theſe Britiſh words, 7ir , Awyr , Mor , Avon,
Lhiich, &c.'to have one common origin with thoſe
of the ame Ngmificativph' in the Latin , Terra, Aer,
Mare, Anmis, Lacw ; but feting the Iriſh alſo have
them, -it's evident they were not leſt here by che Ro-
mans ; and I think it no abſusdicy to ſuppoſe them
uſed in theſe Iſlands before Rome was buulc. 24
But that we - 4 not digreſs :00 far from our ſub-
je&, it's manifeſt from what we have alledg'd, that
golden Torques's were much uſed by che Gauls;
and I think not queſtionable, but they were in uſe al.
fo amongſt the Britains before the Roman Conqueſt ;
but whether this we now ſpeak of, were Roman or
Britiſh, remains ſtill uncertain. To whichTI canon-
ly fay, that it ſeems much more JAP to have
been Britiſh. For whereas 'tis evident from the ex-
amples of Boadicea, Britomarus, the Champion that
fought withT: ManliwTorquatws &cc.that the greatCom-
manders amongſt the Gauls and Britains wore them;
I do not know that it appears at all that the Roman
Officers did fo 3 and unleſs that be made out,I think
we may fafely pronounce it Britiſh ; for noother Ro-
man but a Souldier could ever loſe it here. As for
thoſe honorary rewards preſented to * Souldiers of
merit, we may preſume them not to have been Ro-
* man, but rather Spoils from the |barbarous Nations
|| Num.2v8,
they conquer'd. The uſe of this Ornament feems
to have been retain'd by the Britains long after che
Roman and Saxon » for wefintthat wich-
in theſe few Centuries, a Lord of 14 in
ſhire, was call'd Lhewelyy aur-dorchop , i.\C. Leolinas
rorqui aureo inſignitns : and 'tis at this day a common
ſayin in ſeveral parts of Wales , when any one tells
his adverſary, he'l ftrive hard, rather than'yield to
him ; mis dymna'r dorch @ chwi; i.e. I pluck the
rorques with you.
"This we have here deſcrib'd, ſeems by the length
of it to have been for ſome uſe as well as ornament,
which perhaps was to hold a'Quiyer ; for ithat they
were ayplyed to that ufe , feems very iplain from
Virgil's + deſcription of the Exerciſes of the Trojan
Youth:
Cornea bina ferunt prafixa haFlilia ferro :
Pars leves bumero pharttras : © pettore ſurmo
Flexils obtorts per collum cireulus auri.
But I fear I have dwelt too long on this one ſub-
ject, and ſhall therefore only add (tor the ſatisfaction
of ſuch as may ſcruple this relation) that this valua-
ble Monument of Britiſh Nobility and Antiquity is
now fitly repoſited in the hands of the right wor-
ſhipful SivRoger Moſtyn of Moftyn, Baroner.
We muſt not here forget to cranſmic to Poſterity
ſome account of that prodigious fire or kindled ex-
halation which has annoy'd this neighbourhood theſe
eight monchs , and ſtill oeeranes eods. There is
already a ſhort relation of it, publiſhed in the Philo.
ſophical Tranſactions||, in a Letter from my above-
mention'd Friend Mr. Maurice Jones ; but thoſe
ieces coming to few hands, I ſhall make bold to in-
fort it here, with ſome additions.
Sir,
Hu Letter contains no anſwer to your Queries about
the Locuſts, for I am wholly mtent at preſent upon
giving you the beſt account I can , of a moſt diſmal and
prod:g 0ws accident at Harlech mn thu County, the begin-
ning of theſe Holy-days. It us of the unaccountable farmp
of {ixteen Ricks of Hay, and rwo Barns , whereof one
was full of Corn, the other of Hay. I call it unaccounta-
ble, becauſe 'ru evident rhey were not burnt by common fire,
of the Iriſh; which "Was | terpos'd their endeawaurs to: ſave the Hay; tho*
Cohqueſt, it might be | :4r'd ( percerving 2 different: from commas fire); not only
-_ — -—Q - "
- - — —
a kindled exbalation whic
from the Sea. of the durgiion whergoſ y C4mwu0r at pre-
{ent give'you any certain account, butiah {Aadfied it laſted
at leaſt « fortnight or three weeks ; and annoy d the Coun-
try as well by poyſoning their Graſs, as firing the Hay, for
the ſpace of s male er thrregbouts. Suthi an feen the
fire, jay 'twas a blue wuigak flame, eafily exting dd , and
that ut did not the leaſt harw to any of the who in-
e Vey-
cleje ro 1t,but ſometimes. nero 3t. All che gamage ſuſta'd,
bappen'd conſtantly m 1be night. I bawe' encloſed in catas
logue of furh as | bas recery'd certamivator mation of; and
bee not bing to add , bu that there axt thrae ſmall Texe-
weents in the ſame wei 4 ( calld' Iydhin vion
Wyn): whereof the (Grafix: ſo 1nfefted , that it abſolutely
bil d ab manner of Cattie@hat feed upon it: The Graf bas
been infettiqm theſe three years, but" nat. tbrowghly faral
til thu laft.. Pray ſend me with all convenient [bed your
friend: though of the can{d:,” and if peſſible
ts and your own
alſo the remedy of the ſutprizmg Phenomenon}.
Dol:Gelhen, Jan-20.
.3697-
The indoſd Catalogue.
Decemb. 24. Richord Grutydb of Lhechwedb da,
Owen of Garreg wen, and Rechard Dawidh of
Erw wen, bad each © one Rick of Hoy burnt.
Decemb. 27. Philips of Tips Lhan V ihangdl »
Traethau, loft one Rick of Hey ; Grufyab fobn Owen of
Kevn Trevor bich, two Ricks; and Katbarme William,
Widaw, of Kewn Trevor Mawr, two wort.
Decemb. 29. Frencw Evans of Gla-wrjn loſt one
Rick ; and Richard Davidb of Erw wen, bad a Raw
—_—_ of three Boys of building , burnt to the
gre
Thus far Mr. Fones's account of this ſarprizing and
unparallefd Meteor ; lince: which-time;l receiv d in-
formation from him and others , that it continued
to the ſeventeenth of this preſent manth of Auguſt ;
ſo.thatwe know not thecnd of ict. It has e nv
great damage'/by conſuming their Hay: and Corn,be-
ſides thoſe above-mentioned ; but the' Graſs or Air,
or both, are fo infected with-it, that chere has been
all this while a great mortality of Cattle, Horles,
Sheep, Goats, &-c. and pray God grant Men may
eſcape it. For a long time they could not trace this
fire any further than from the adjoyning Sea-ſhores :
but of late, thoſe that have watchd ic (-as ſome. have
done continually) diſcover'd that it craſles a part of
the Sea, from a place call'd Aorva bychan in Caer-
narvonſhire, diſtant from Harlech -about:8 or 9
miles, which is deſcrib'd to be a Bay. both ſandy and
marſhy. Laſt winter it appear'd much more frequent
than this following ſummer : for whereas they law it
then almoſt every night, it was not obſerved in the
ſummer above one or two nights in a week ; and
| that (which if true, is very obſervable) about the
lame diſtance of time, happening generally on 54-
turday or Sunday nights : bur of late it's ſeen much
oftner, ſo that 'tis fear'd, if ic continues this winter,
ic-may appear as frequently as ever. They add that
it's ſeen on ſtormy as well as calm nights, and all
weathers alike ;' but that any greatnoiſe, ſuch as the
ſounding of Horns, the diſcharging of Guns, &c.
0953 ky extinguiſh it ; by which- means *cis fup-
pow they have ſav'd ſeveral Ricks of Hay and Coin,
or it ſcarce fires any thing elſe.
This Phznomenon I preſume-is wholly new and
unheard of, no Hiſtorian or Philoſopher deſcribing
any ſuch Meteor ; for we never read that any 01
thoſe fiery Exhalations diſtinguiſh'd by the ſeveral
names of Igzs fatuws, Ignw lambens,Scintile volantes S6C-
have had ſuch effects, as thus to poyſon the Air or
Graſs, ſo as to render it infe&tious and mortal to al
ſorts of Cattle. Moreover, we have no examples of
any fires of this kind, that-were of ſuch conſiltence
as to kindle Hay and Corn, to conſume - Barns and
Houſes, &c. Nor are there any deſcrib'd ro move lo
regularly as this, which ſeveral have obſerv'd to pro”
| ceed conſtantly to and from the faine places for the
Pac
h was often ſeen to come
—
"MEIRIONYDHSHIRE
662
of at leaſt eight months. Wherefore ſecing the
effects are altogether ſtrange and unyſual , they that
would account for it, muſt ſearch out Tome cauſes
no lek extraordinary. But inzegard thatwmay notbe'| Curch-yar
ſome'|{cnt there remains no. account. of jic. By the de-
done {if at all) without making obſervations $
time upon the
with a bare relation of the matter of faq. I muſt |
confeſs, that upon the firſt hearing of this mrzain '
amongſt all ſorts of Cattle, I ſuſpected thoſe Locuſts |
that arriv'd in this Country about 4wo months
before, raight occalion-it, by an infection of, the Airs
coceeding partly from the corruption af -choie thac
anded , and did nat long furvive in this cold Coun-
try ; and partly of a far greater numbee, which I | y
fu
drowa'd in their voyage, and. calt upon
thele Coalts. For tho' I know not wherhec any have
been {ſo curious as to ſearch "the Sea-weeds for them
in this County, yet I am inform'd a Gentleman acci-
dencally obſery'd ſome quancicy of them on the
ſhoars of Caernarvonlhire near Daran ; and that
others have been ſeen on the Sands of the Severn-
Sea. Now that a conliderable quantity of theſe
Creatures being drown'd in the Sea, and afterwards
calt aſhoar , wall cauſe a Peſtilence, we have many
T3. inſtances in Authors *; and particularly ane that hap-
= pen'd in the year 1 374 when there was a great
=m, mortality of Men and Cattle, on the Coaſts of
, France, occaſion'd by Locuſts drown'd in our Eng-
5 liſh Chanel, and caſt upon their ſhores F. But whe-
= ther ſuch a contagious vapour , meeting with a vil-
cous exhalation, in a mooriſh Bay, will kindle; and
ſo perform in ſome meaſure, ſuch a devaſtation of
Hay and Corn , as the living Creatures would do,,
, (where we may alſo note that || Pliny ſays of them, |
Il multa contatin adurunt ) I mult recommend to far-
ther conſideration. I know there are many things
might be objeted, and particularly the duration of
chis fire; but men are naturally ſo fond of their own!
conjefures , that ſometimes they cannot canceal
them, tho? they are not themſelves fully ſatisfied.
About cwo miles from Haclech there's a .remarka- |
ble Monument call'd Koeren Arthur. Its a large ſtone-
Table ſomewhat of an oval form , but rude and ill
ſhap'd, as are the reſt of theſe heathen Monuments ,
about ten foot long,and above ſeyen where tis. broad-
place ; we wut content our ſelves :
i 0o-
uncertain. ' One of whe next neighbours informs me,
that about twelve;years lince , he ſaw amonit other
ſtones brou gi hence to 1vend the walls of. Feftiniog-
» ane With au Infcriptian ; but 'at pre-
{cripton he giv of i, 1ſuppoſe ic Roman. For he
Gys ra64 poll 1 8, about two foot long, half a
yad broad, and three or four inuiics thick; whereas
the Jater Inſcriptions 1 have ſeen: ia Wales, are on
yreaPilas, which are generally rude and unpolilh d.
4 {; iegs there..are alſo a conſiderabiz number
of Graves near this\Caul-way , on the Demeans of
Rhiw goch, in the-pariſh of Trawſoyn}db : and in the
ear 1687, I copied this Infcripuon from a ſtone
call'd Redb Parws, pr. Pores's Grawe, near Lhech Jdris
in the fame Pariſh.: '.
| 1 faund afterwards 'twas generally underſtood, as
if chis had been the Grave of one of the firſt Chri-
{tians in thele parts ; and that they read it, Porias bic
in tummlo jacit : Homo Chriſtian fuit. Being at that
time wholly unacquainted with any ſtudies or obſer-
vations in this kind ; perhaps I mightnot tranſcribe
it, with that accuracy 1 ought; bur if it be thus on
the Stone (which I muſt recommend to farther ex-
amination) it can never bear that reading, unleſs we
ſuppoſe the Letters S T I omitted by the Stone-cutter
after R I in the laſt line ; which would be ſuch a
fault as we have ſcarce any inſtance of in thoſe ma<
ny hundreds of Inſcriptions which Authors have pub-
liſh'd. Buc howfoever weread the word - -RIANVS,
I ſappoſe this Inſcription to have been the Epitaph of
ſome Roman, about the ſecond or third Century.
'[e] The word Gwiziad might be aptly render'd in
Engliſh a #biring ; bue the fith fo call'd is yery diffe-
rent from it, being of the Trout kind. A delcripti-
on of it may be ſeen in Mr. Willoughby's Ibrhyology,
who ſuppoſes it the ſame with that they call ( by
names be like ſignification) ein Albelen, and Weip-
et ; rwo-foot thick at one.end, but notabove an inch | fcb,in ſome parts of Switzerland , and the Ferra of
at the other, Jt's placed on three,rude Stone-pillars,
each about half a yard broad ; whereof .cwo that
* ſupport the thick end are betwixt ſeven and. eight foor;
' Hon the thud, at the other end about three foot
lgh.
16]This way which we call Sar» Helep,was probably
a very conſiderable extent ; unleſs we ſhould ſup-
pole the ſame Helen was Author of ſeveral other high
ways in Wales. For beſides the place here mention'd,
it's alſo viſible at one end of Kraig 4erwyn , where
tis call'd Fordb gam Helen Luedbog, i. e. The crooked
Road of Helen the great, or puiſſant. And 1 obſerv'd a
way call d Fordh | or San} Helen, in the pariſh of
Lhan Badarn Odjn in Cardiganſhire ; as alſo that a
great part of the Road from Brecknock to [Neath in
Glamorganſhire, is diſtinguiſh'd by the ſame name.
At this pariſh of Feſtinivg, it's call'd otherwiſe Sorn y
Db#] (a name whereot I can give no account) for
"her the ſpace of three miles, viz. trom Rhyd yr Halen *
-* to Kaftelb Dol Wydbelen ; and ſome preſume that Pone
": Aber Glaſhn, and y GymWynas in Caernarvonſhire, is a
ec COMInuation of the fame Road.
the Lake of Geneva. And here we may obſerve
the natural agreeableneſs of thoſe Alpine Lakes with
theſe in our Mountains, in affording the ſame ſpecies
of fiſh, as well as of our high Rocks in producing
ſome variety of Alpine Plants. They are never ta-
ken by any bait, but in nets ; keeping on the bot-
tom of the Lake, and feeding onſmall ſhells, and the
leaves of water Gladiol *, a Plant peculiar to theſe * Gladiolus
Mountain Lakes. That they are never taken in Dee, (ju
is no argument for that frivolous opinion of the Vul-
gar, that this river paſſes unmixt through the Lake ;
ſince we find that Fiſh as well as Birds and Beaſts have
their ſtations Providentially affign'd them, anal delight
in ſuch places as afford them agreeable feeding,
Oc.
[f] The word Bala, though it be now very ſel-
dom (if at all) uſed as an Appellative, denotes, as
the Author of the Latin-Britiſh Di&ionary + informs + Tho. G:-
us, the place where any River or Brook iſſues out of -——
a Lake; as Aber ſignifies the fall of one river into 6 Pref.
another, &c. and hence Dr. Davies ſuppoſes this town
denominated. In confirmation whereof I add , that ji The Lie
.oo On a Mountain call'd Mikneint near Rhyd ar Ha- | near the out-let of the River Sejont, out of Lhyn Pe- Meeks ig
.* le, within a quarter of a mile of this Road, there ' r# || in Caernarvonſhire, there's a place call'd Bryn * J nikies 2 hi!l.
:* -a1e ſome remarkable Stone-monuments, call'd Bedbes | Bala. Others contend that Bala in the old Britiſh, as
" Gwyr Ardudwy, i. e. the Graves of the men of Ardud- | well as Irith, ſignifies a Village. I incline to the for-
Wy. They are at leaſt thirty in number ; and each | mer opinion , and imagine that upon farther enqui-
Grave is Ceſcrib'd to be about cwo yards long ; and : ry, other inſtances beſides thele two, might be found
tbe diitinguiſh'd by four Pillars, one at each cor- | out , which would make it evident. The round
ner of a Grave; which are ſomewhat of a {quare | Mount or Barrow at this Town, calld Tommen y Bala,
lorm, about two or three foot high, and nine inches | as alſo.that ocher about half a mile from it, call'd
broad. The tradition is, that theſe are Sepulchral | Bryn/byzk, and a third at Pont Afwnwyl y Lhyn,in the
Mon::ments of ſome perſons of note lain here, in a | ſame neighbourhood, are ſuppoſed by their names,
batrei fought berwixt rhe men of Dyffryn Ardudwy,and | form, and ſituation, not to have been erected for
{me of Denbighihire. That they are indeed the | Urn burial, but as Watch-mounts to command the
Graves of men {lain in battel ſeems ſcarcely queſtion- road and adjacent places, upon the Roman Conqueſt
adle ; but when, or by what perſons, &s. is. wholly ' of this Country. X
a
ORDEVICES.
66 3
gy
moor
ground
where tuel
turts arc
dug up.
Conwy riv. Meirionjdbſhire 3 and on the eaſt the river C
* Expeait.
The Britiſh Iy call theſe mountains the Britifh © %
A'ps
n—_—_@_
Not far from hence in the Pariſh of Lan iw' Lhyn,
we find the ruins of an ancient Caſtle, whereof no Au-
thor makes mention. It's call'd Ca#ftelhb Corndochen,
2 name whereof I can give no account ; andis feat-
ed on the top of a very ſteep Rock, at the bottom of
a plealant valley. It ſhews the ruins of a Wall, and
within that of three Turrets, a ſquare, a round, and
an oval one, which is the largeſt: The mortar was
mixt with Cockle-ſhells, which muſt have been
broughe hither by Land-carriage, about 14 miles. It
ſeems probable that this Caſtle, as alſo ſuch another
(but much lefs ) in Traws-vmadb Pariſh , call'd Ca-
felb Pryſor, were built by the Romans, but nothing
certain can be affirm'd herein.
q We have not room here totake notice of feve-
ral other places remarkable, and ſhall therefore only
mention a gilt Coffin and ſome braſs Arms, found
there of late years. The Coffin was diſcover'd about
the year 1684. in a Turbery *, calld Mownog y/trar-
gwyn near Maes y Pandy, the feat of the worſhiptul
yo Namey Eſq. It was of wood, and fo well pre-
erv'd, that the gilding remain'd very freſh; and is
{aid to have contain'd an — Skeleton,
This is the only inſtance I know of burying in ſuch
[in Turberies, that ſuch bituminous earth preſerves
wood beyond all others.
lert. They ſeem to be ſhort ſwords or daggers,
to have been all caſt in molds. They wn.” dif
rent forms and ſizes; ſome of them being about two
foot long, others not exceeding twelve inches : ſome
flat, others quadrangular, &c. About fifry of them
were found by removing a great ſtone ; ſo near the
ſurface of the ground, that they were almoſt in Gghe,
I have been inform'd, that 'feveral were pilt : but
ewenty or thirty that I ſaw of them when firſt
found, were all cover'd with a bloiſh ſcurf. Their
handles probably were of wood, for they were all
waſted : and there remain'd only ( and that but in
very few ) two braſs mails that faſten'd them, which
were ſomething of the form of chair-nails, but headed
or riveced on each ſide ; ſo that they conld not be ta-
ken out without traps the round holes where.
in they were placed ; which they did nor fill up, but
hung looſe in them. Such weapons have been found
elſewhere in Wales; and they were probably of this
kind, which were found at the foot of St. Michael's
places: and yet they that placed this coffin here, | Mount in Cornwall, and are in that County men.
might have regard to the perperual preſervation of | tion'd by our Author, who ſuppoſes them Britiſh.
it ; ſeeing we find by dayly examples of trees found |
CAERNARYLVONSHIRE.
Bove Merionydhſhire, lies that County
which the Britains call Sir Gaernarvon,
and the Engliſh Caernarvonſhire, from
the chief town ; and before the diviſi-
on of Wales into Counties, Snowdon
Foreft; whence in Latin Hiſtorians 'ris
call'd Sneudonia ; as alſo Arvonia, becauſe it lies op-
poſite to the Iſland Mena or Angle: The north and
weſt parts of it border on the ſea ; the ſouth - y
1-
vides it from hp. 5 The maritim part of it is
fertile enough, well-peopPd ; eſpecially that
ſouth-weſt promontory that oppoſes it's crooked
ſhores, to St. David's Land in Penbrokeſhire.
But for the inner parts, nzture hath rais'd them
far and wide into high mountains ( as if ſhe would
condenſe here within the bowels of the earth, the
trame of this iſland ;) and made a moſt fafe retiring
place for the Britains in time of war. For here are
ſuch a number of rocks and craggy places, and fo
many valleys incumber'd with woods and lakes, that
they are not only unpaſlable ro an army, but even
to men * lightly appointed. We may very proper-
- for beſides
that they are the higheſt in all the iſland, they are
alſo no leſs inacceſſible for the ſteepneſs of their rocks
than the Alps themſelves: and do all of them en-
compals one hill; which far exceeding all the reſt
in height, does ſo tour the head alott, that it ſeems,
I ſhall not ſay, to threaten the sky, but even to thruſt
its head into it. And yet it harbours ſnow continu-
ally, being throughout the year cover'd with it ; or
rather with a harden'd cruſt + of ſnow of many years
that there are lakes and ſtanding waters on the tops
of theſe mountains, is certain : whence Geryaſe of
— in his book entitld Oria Imperialia, writes
cnus ?
In the land of Wales within the bounds of Great Bri-
tain, are bigh mountains, which have laid their founda-
tions on exceeding hard rocks ; on the rops whereof the
ground # ſo boggy, that where you do but juſt place your
foot, you'll percerve it to move for a tones caſt. Wherefore
upon a ſurpriſal of the enemy, the Welſh by their agility
tipping over that boggy ground, do either eſcape their aſ-
ſaults, or reſolutely expe them while they Fu vgs for-
ward to their own rum.
Joannes Sarwburienſis, in his Polycraticon, calls the
inhabitants of theſe mountains by a new-coin'd
word N:vi collinos ; of whom he wrote thus in the
time of Henry 2. Nivicollini Britones irruunt, 8c. The
Snowdon- Britains make inroads ; and being now come out
of their caverns and woods, they ſeize the plains of our
Nobles; and before their fates,nſſault and overthrow them, or
retain what they bave got ; becauſe our youth, who delight
in the bouſe and ſhade, as if they were born only to conſume
the fruit of the land. ſleep commonly till broad day, &c. [a].
But let us now deſcend from the mountains to the
plains; which ſeeing we find only by the ſea, ic may
lufhce it we coaſt along the ſhore.
That promontory we have obſerv'd already to be
extended to the ſouth-weſt, is call'd in the ſeveral
COPICs of Ptolemy, Canganum, TFanganum, and Lan- Cf
anum. Which is trueſt ] know not; but it may
ſeem to be Layganum, ſeeing the inhabitants at this
. a . ” 0
day call ic Lbyn. Ir runs in with a narrow Penin- LU:
ſula, having larger plains than the reſt of this Coun-
continuance. And hence the Britiſh name of Kreigieu | ty, which yield plenty of Barley.
Eryrew. and that of Szowden in Engliſh ; both which
ſignifie Snowy meuntains: ſo Niphates in Armenia, | the innermoſt at the bay of Pb heli, which name ****
and Imaws in Scythia, as Pliny informs us, were de-
nominated from Snow. Nevertheleſs, theſe moun-
tains are ſo fertile in grafs, that it's a common ſaying | Nevin : where, in the year 1284 the Engliſh Nobili- x:'»
among the Welſh, That the mountains of Eryreu would,
in @ caſe of neceſſity, afford paſture enough for all the cat-
rel in Wales, 1 ihall fay nothing of the two lakes on
the tops of theſe mountains; (1in one of which there
floats a wandring iſland, and the other affords plenty
of fiſh, each whereof has but one eye;) leſt I might
It affords but two fmall towns worth our notice *
ſignifies the Salt Poo] ; and the other by the Iriſh ſea
( which waſhes one part of this Peninſula, ) call'd
ty (as Florilegus writes) triumphing over the Wellh,
celebrated the memory of Arthur the Great with Tour-
naments and feſtival pomp. If any more towns
flouriſh'd here, they were then deſtroyed, when #/
Hugh Earl of Cheſter, Robert of Rutland, and Guari® |.
of Salop ( the firſt Normans that advanc'd thus far)
ſeem to countenance. fables : tho' ſome relying on | ſo waſted this promontory, thae for ears it
Giraidus's authority, have believ'd both. However, | lay deſolate. F 4 or wen F
4.
i
F:om
The braſs Arms were found ih the year 1688. in a Se
rock call'd Katreg Dbiwin, in the pariſh of Bethke. 14;
-
"©
»
”
65
« or chanel call'd Menew, which ſeparates the Iſle of |
CAERNARVONSHIRE.
666
| —
From Newin the ſhore indented with ewo or three
romontories, is continued northwards; and then
curning to the north-eaſt, paſſes by a narrow frith
g Xx ang from the firm land.
pon this Fretum ſtood the city Segontium, men-
tion'd by Antoninus; of the walls w ereof I have
N
y. 7 cDors T
nn It's Diocels
ſen ſome ruins near a ſmall Church built in honour
of St. Publicize. It took its name from a river that
runs by it, call'd to'this day Scjont, which iſſues out
of the lake Lhyn Pers, wherein they take a peculiar
fiih, not ſeen elſewhere, call'd by the inhabitants
from its red belly, Torgoch. Now ſceing an ancient
copy of Prolemy places the haven of the Seranri; in
this coaſt, which other copies remov'd much farther
off; if I ſhould read it __ i: Portum, and {lould
ſay it was at the mouth of this river, perhaps I
ſhould come near the truth ; at leaſt a candid reader
would pardon my conje&ure. Ninnivs calls this Cit
Kaer Kyſtenydb, and the author of the life of _ [2
op Kynan, tells us, thar Hugh Earl of Cheſter built a
caſtle at Hen Gaer Kyftenin 5 which the Latin Inter-
preter renders, The ancient city of the Emperour Con-
fantine. Moreover, Matthew of Weſtminſter hath
recorded ( but herein I'll nor avouch for him ) that
the body of Confantivs, the father of Conſtantine the
Great, was found here in the year 1283. and honour-
ably interr'd in the Church of the new town, ”
command of King Edward r, who at that time built
the town of Kaer's Arvon out of the ruins of this
city, a little higher, by the mouth of the river; in
ſuch a ſituation, that the ſea waſhes it on the weſt
and north, This, as it took its name from its ſituat-
on oppoſite to the iſland Mons, fo did it communi-
cate that name to the whole County: for thence
the Engliſh call it Ceernervonſhire. This town 1s
encompaſ'd with a firm wall, 'tho' of a ſmall' cir-
cumference, almoſt of a circular form ; and ſhews
a beautiful ' caſtle}, ' which takes 'vp all the weſt-
ſide of it. The private buildings, for the manner
of the Country, are neat ; and the civilicy of the
inhabitants much commended. eſteem it 4
great honour, that King Edward 1. was their foun-
der; and that his fon Edward 2. the firſt Prince of
Wales of Engliſh extra&tion, was born there ; who
was therefore ſtiled Edward of Caernarvon. More-
over, the Princes of Wales had here their Chancery,
their Exchequer, and their Juſticiary for Norrb
Wales.
In a bottom ſeven miles hence on the ſame Frerum,
lies Bangor or Banchor, encloſed on the ſouth-ſide
with a very ſteep mountain, and a hill on the north;
ſo call'd 2 choro pulchro, or as others ſuppoſe, quaſs lo-
cus chor; + ; which is a Biſhop's See, and contains in
96 Pariſhes. The Cathedral is confecra-
* ted to Daniel, once Biſhop thereof: it's no very fair
*n.
. the deſtruQion of all the Cities of Wales. Twas af: | vok'd his brothers with injuries, and the neighbouring death of
&
building, having been burnt by that moſt profligate
Rebel Owen Glys Dowrdwy, who deſign'd no leſs than
terwards reſtored in the time of Henry 7. by the Bi-
ſhop thereof, Henry Deny ;
but was heretofore ſo conſiderable, that for it's large
extent, it was call'd Bangor-wawr, and was fortified
with a caſtle by Hugh Earl of Cheſter, whereof ( tho?
| made diligent enquiry ) I could not diſcover the
leaſt ruins. *Twas ſeated at the very entrance of this
Fretum or chanel, where Edward 1. attempted in vain
the Iland Mona or Angleſey ; whereof next in order.
|
Ac this place alſo, as we find in Tacitus, Paulinus Sueto-
ws pals d over with the Roman ſoldiers ; the horle at
a ford, and, the foot in flat-bottom'd boats.
many
but hath not yet recover /
its ancient ſplendour. 'Tis now only a ſmall cown, |
From hence the ſhore with a ſteep aſcent paſſes by
mawr : which hanging over the ſea, affords travellers
but a very narrow Sallbge where the rocks on one
hand ſcem-ready to fall on their heads ; ant on che
ocher, 'the roaring ſea of a vaſt depth. Bur
having paſsd this, together with Pen maen bychan, i. e.
the leſſer rocky promontory, a plain extends it felt as far
as the river'Conwy, the eaſtern limit of this County.
This river is call d in» Prolemy, Toiſowms for Conovins,
which is only an errour crept in o copies from a
compendious way of writing Greek. Ir ſprings out
of a lake of the ſame name, in the ſouthern limit of
the County ; and haſtens to the fea, being confin'd
within a very narrow and rocky chanel, almoſt to
the very mouth of it. This river breeds a kind of
Penmacn-
a very high and perpendicular rock call'd Per macen
Conwy civey
cail'd Ter
ſoyius.
Shells, which being impregnated with celeſtial dew, Pearls.
produce pearl | b]. The town of Conovium mention'd ©
by Antoninus, receiv'd it's name from this river :
which tho? it be now quite deſtroy'd, and the very
name (in the place where it ſtood ) extin& ; yet the
antiquity of it is preſerved in the preſent name : for
in the ruins of ic we find a ſmall village call'd Kaer
ben, which fignibes the old city [c). Out of the ru-
ins of this city, King Edw. 1. buile the new Town
at the: mouth of the river; which is therefore call'd
Aber Cimwy : a. place that Hugh Earl of Cheſter
had fortified before. This new Conwy, both in re-
= of its advantageous ſituation, and for its being
o well fortified, as alſo for a very neat caſtle by the
river ſide; might deſerve the name of a ſmall city,
rather than a town, but that it is bue thinly inha-
bited [ d],
Oppoſite to Conwy on this ſide the river ( though
in the fame County) we have a vaſt promontory
0nUTlum,
with a crooked elbow (as if nature had defign'd there Gogarths
a harbour for ſhipping) call'd Gogarth ;
the ancient City of Diganwy on the ſea of Conwy, which
I ſuppole to have been the city Di#um, where under
the later Em , the commander of the Nerwii
Difenſes kept guard. As for it's being afterwards
call'd Digenwy: who ſees not that Ganwy is a varia-
tion only of Conwy
the Engliſh Genoc? for ſo was that caſtle call d, which
in later times was buile by Henry 3. | e].
Soon alter the Norman Conqueſt, this Country
was govern'd by Grufydb ap Kynan *, who not being
able ro repel the Engliſh troops which made frequenc
inroads into Wales, was conſtrain'd ſometimes to
yield to the ſtorm : and when afterwards by his inte-
grity he had gain'd the favour of King Henry 1. he
allo eaſily recover'd his lands from the Engliſh, and
lett them to his poſterity, who enjoy'd them till the
time of Lheweljn ap Grufydb F. But he having pro-
Engliſh with incurſions, was at length brought to
that ſtrait, that he held this mountainous Count
( together with the iſle of Mona or Angleſey ) of King
Edward 1. as Tenant in fee; paying a thouſand
marks yearly. Which conditions when he after-
wards would not ſtand to, but (following rather his
own and his perfidious brother's obſtinacy, than led
on with any hopes of prevailing) would again run
| the hazard of war ; he was kill'd, and fo pur an end
to build a bridge, that his Army might paſs over into | to his own Government, and that of the Britains in
| Wales.
This County contains 68 Pariſhes.
whete ſtood Diganwy.
ſince, was conſumed by lightning. This pitum.
- and that from thence alſo came Ganoe.
* Conanuf.
t An uc-
count of
the life and
this excecl>
lene Prince,
may be
ſcen at
large in
Dr. Powel's
Hiltory of
Wales, p g.
3 i4, Es.
+
R
n
4
7
Synopts of
B: riff
16109!
Viante.
wm
neri,P.1201.
[.
LA4
:
T
ha
#
ORDEVICES.
-— —
cc R 1y $
Umbli
mor G 4-
Willough,
hrhy ol.
The word
ectel 1g-
h:s the
{ſame with
Jergoch.
Cal!'d fo
cvrruptiy,
ps for
Vat
& ;
D. !:i:; for
ater aroys
Gown thus
TISHUIES
CONtINUANY,
| i & I'reige-
) , che
1.
S % e Wir.
06:*C,
{a] H E Britiſh name of theſe wm”
Kreigiewr Eryreu, ſignifies Rocks,
l which are CN DCs by che
Inhabitants to be fo call'd from the
Eagles that formerly bred here too plentifully , and
do yet haunt theſe Rocks ſome years, tho' not above
three or four at a time, and that commonly one-Sum-
mer in five or ſix ; coming hither, as is ſuppoſed out
ot Ireland. Had they been denominated from Snow,
the name muſt have been Kreigicu'r Eire, whereas
we always call them Eryreuw. Nor do the ancienteſt
Authors that mention them, favour Mr. Camden's
Etymology ; for Giraldus Cambrenſis writes it Eryrs
(which differs nothing in pronunciation) and Nin-
nius, who writ Amo 858. Heriri, However, ſeeing
the Engliſh call it Snowdon , the former derivation
was not without good grounds; and 'tis; poſſible the
word yraw might be either the ancient pronunciation,
or a Corruption of eire ; and fo theſe Rocks call'd Kres-
gian yr Trau, which might afterwards be written
Kreigies Eryreu. Amonglt theſe Mountains the-moſt
noced are Moe! y Wydbus, y Glyder, Karnedb Dbawvidb,
and Karnedb Lhewelyn; which are very properly
call'd by _——— the Britiſh Alps. For beſides
their extraordinary height, and cra IPICES ,
their abounding with Lake and Rivers, "cd being
covered with Snow for a conſiderable part of the
year ; they agree alſo with the Alps in producing ſe-
veral of the fame * Plants, and fome Animals; as
particularly Merula Saxatils Aldrovandi , call'd here,
and in Mcirionydhſhire , Afwyalchen y Graig , i. e.
Rack-ouzl, and in Switzerland , Berg-Amzel , or
Mountain Black-bird ; and the Torgoch,a Fiſh f,which
Mr || Ray ſuppoſes to be the ſame with the * Roerel
of the Alpine Lakes.
In theſe Mountains (as probably in the Alps alſo,
and other places of this kind) the greateſt variety of
rare Plants are found in the higheſt-and ſteepeſt
Rocks. The places bere that afford beſt entertain-
ment tor Bortaniſts, are, Klogwyn Karnedh y Wydbva,
call'd commonly Klogwyn y Garnedb (which is pro-
bably the higheſt Rock 1n the three Kingdoms,)Kriby
T Dakit, Trig-wylchau ||, and y dn ymben
Glyder , which are all near Lhan Berys, and we
known to the Shepherds. Such as have not ſ:en
Mountains of this kind, are not able to frame an
Idea of them, from the hill of more champain or
lower Countries. For whereas fuch hills are but ſin-
gle heights or ſtories, theſe are heap'd upon one ano-
ther ; fo that having climb'd up one Rock, we come
to a Vailey, and moſt commonly to a Lake ; and
palling by that, we af-:end another, and ſometimes a
_ and a tou;th, b:fore we arrive at the higheſt
'eaks.
1heſe Mountains, as well as Kader Idrs and ſome
others in Meirionydhſhire,differ from thoſe by Breck-
nock, and elſewhere in South- Wales, in that they
about:d much more with nzked and inacceffible Rocks;
and that their lower skirts and valleys are always ei-
cher cover'd, or ſcatter'd over with fragments of
Rocks of all magnitudes, moſt of which I preſume to
have tailn from che impendent Cliffs. But of this,
lomerhing more particular may bs ſeen in Mr. Ray's
Phby/ico-Theolog ical Diſcourſes, pag. 285. wherefore [
ſhail mention here only two places, which ſeem'd to
me mare eſpecially remarkable. The firſt is the ſum-
mit, or utmoſt top of the Glyder (a Mountain above-
mention'd as one of the higheſt in theſe parts) where
I obſery'd prodigious heaps of ſtones, many of them
of the largeneſs of thoſe of Stone-benge * ; bur of all
the irregular ſhapes imaginable ; and all ly ing in ſuch
confution, as the ruins of any building can be fup- !
poſed to do. Now I muſt confeſs, | cannot well
imagine how this hath happen'd : for that ever they
ſhould be indeed the ruins of fome Editice, I can by
no means allow, in regard that moſt of them are.
wholly as irregular as thoſe that have fall'n to the
ADDITIONS to CAERNARFYONSHIRE.
Valleys.
leton of che hill, expoſed to open view, by rains,
ſeveral years comtinuance,8&c. was a wrong Information
or Ice of ſeveral years continuance, we know not 1n
ſuch Ice, calf d by them Firn or Glericher , which may vt
— —T©O_—_ —— —_
We muſt chen ſuppoſe them to be the Ske-
iow, &c. but how then came they to lye acroſs each
other in this confuſion ? ſome of them being of an
oblong flat form , having their two ends ex. gr. Eaſt
and Weſt ; others laid athwart theſe : ſome flat, but
many inclining, being ſupported by other ſtones ar
the one end; whereas we tind by Rocks and (QQuar-
ries, the natural poſition of ſtones is much more uni.
form. Had they in a valley, I had concluded,
they had fall'n from the neighbouring R ocks, becauſe
we find frequent examples of ſuch heaps of ſtones
augmented by acceflion of others Myer on them;
bur being on the higheſt part of the hill, they ſeem'd
to me much more remarkable. |
The other place I thought no leſs obſervable, thy'
for contrary reaſons ; that being as regular and uni.
form, as this is diforder'd and confus'd. On the Welt.
lide of the ſame hill , there is amongſt many others
one naked Precipice f, as ſteep as any I have ſeen,
but ſo adorn'd with numerous equidiſtane Pillars, and |.
theſe again ſlightly crofs'd at certain joynts ; thats"
ſuch as would favour the Hypotheſis of. the ingenious.
Author of the Sacred Theory , might ſuppoſe it ones
ſmall pattern of the Antediluvian Earth. But this
leem'd to me much more accountable than the for-y»
mer ; for 'twas evident that the gullets or interſtices'®
between the pillars, were occaſion'd by a continual
dropping of water down this Cliff, which proceeds
fromthe frequent Clouds, Rains and Snow, that this
high Rock Fapor's toa weſterly Sea-wind,is ſubje@ to.
But that the effects. of ſuch ſtorms are more remark-
ably regular on this Cliff than others, proceeds part-
ly from its ſituation, and partly from the texture or
confticution of the ſhone it conſiſts of, However,we
muſt allow a natural regularity in the frame of the
Rock, which the ſtorms only render more conſlpicu-
ous,
That theſe Mountains are throughout the year co-
ver'd either with Snow, or a harden'd cruſt of Snow
our Author probably receiv'd from ſome perſons who
had never been at them. For generally ſpeaking, there's
no Snow here from the end of April to the midſt of
September. Some heaps excepted, which often re-
main near the tops of Meel » Wydbua and Karnedb
Lhewelyn, till the mid(t of June, e're they are totally
waſted. It often ſnows on the tops of thele Moun-
tains in May and June; but that Snow, or rather
Sleet, melts as faſt as it falls ; and the ſame ſhower
that falls then in Snow on the high Mountains, 1s but
Rain in the Valleys. As for an incruſtation of Snow
Wales what it means : Tho' Wagnerw || tells us they, |,
are common in the Alps of Switzerland. — Tempore ie:
£ſtivo quoque ſuprema Alpium culmma terns acinviti;,”
glacie rigent, perpetuiſque nivibus ſunt obrea. And adds, 3
there are Mountains crown'd with billocks or waſt heaps 0 **
preſumed to bave continued for two or three thouſand year',
1mſomuch that for hardneſs it may ſeem to be rather Cryji#
than Ice, &C.
The number of Lakes in this mountainous tra,
may be about fifty or threeſcdre. I took a Ca
ralogue of fifteen, viſible from the top of Moe! »
Wydbova. Theſe are generally denominated either
from the rivers they pour forth, or from the colour
of their water ; amongſt which I obſery'd one, under
che higheſt Peak of Snowdon , call'd Fynon /as that
ſignities the Green Fountain, which 1 therefore thought
remarkable, becauſe Mr. Ray * obſerves that the Wi , 4
ters of ſome of the Alpine Lakes , are alſo inclinrs!
' to that colour. Others receive their names from ſome 8”
| Village or Pariſh-Church adjoyning , or from a It
| markable Mountain or Rock under which they 2ſ*
few) diſtin:
ke beſt Cri-
eICks
firuarced ; and ſome there are (tho' very
guiſh'd by names ſcarce intelligible co t
_—_—
lg CAERNARLSVONSHIRE:. 670
CE ———— rr nn————n———_——_cenns pen _ _ a RES SF
ticks in the Britiſh, as Lys Teirn, Lhbyn E:giau, Lhyn | were in eſteem amongſt the Britains before that time,
no Lhydaw ft, &c. Giraldus Cambrenſis (as our Author leeing we read in Pliny t, that Julius Czſar dedica- + N «14:2.
4 obſerves) informs us of ewo Lakes on che highelt tops | ted a Breaſt-plate-to Venws genirrix, placing it in her '9<35-
7 of theſe Mountains ; one of which was remarkable | Temple at Rome, all cover'd or ſtudded over with
4 for a wandring Iſland ; and the other no lels (trange, | Britiſh-Pearls : which muſt have been receiv'd from
> for that all the filh in it (tho' ic aboundzd with Eels, | the Britains, and not diſcover'd here by his own Sout-
41: Trouts, and Perch ) were monocular, wanting the | diers, for he advanced not much nearer than 100
5" left eye. To this we muſt beg leave to anſwer , that | miles of any river that affords them.
4! among{t all the Lakes in this mountainous Country, | The Britiſh and Iriſh Pearls are found in a large
: there 1s not one ſeated on the higheſt part of a hill, | black Muſcle, figur'd and deſcrib'd by Dr. Lifter,
iby- all of chem being ſpread in valicys either higher or | under the citle of Auſculus niger omnium craſ/iſſima &
** lower, and fed by che Springs and Rirulets of the | ponderofiſſimi refti |} 5 whereby it's ſutficiently difſtin- || 1pp-ad.
ey Rocks and Cliffs that are above them. The Lake | guiſh'd trom all other ſhells. They are peculiar © *4 Trac:
all #- : | þ - | . . . n , | Q%e Anim.
"1; wherein he telis usthere's a wandring Iſland, is a ſmall | rapid and ſtony rivers ; and are common in Wales, a: x. ::.
; pond, call'd Lyn y Dy warchen , ( i. E. Lacis ceſpitws, )| in the North of England and Scotland, and ſome
5 tcom a little green patch neagghe beink of it, which | parts of Ireland. In this Country they are call'd by
a is all the occalion ot che fable of the wandring Iſland; | the vulgar Kregin Diliw, i. e. Deluge-ſhells; as if Na-
but whence that other of monocular Fiſh (which he | ture not intended ſhells for the rivers: but being
lays were found alſo at two places in Scotland) took | brought thither by the Univerſal Deluge', had conti-
beginning, I cannot conjecture. Moſt of theſe Lakes | nued there, and ty EN their kind ever ſince.
are wel ſtor'd with fiſh, bur generally they atiord no | They that fiſh here for Pearls, know partly by the
other kinds than Trout and Eel. The Torgochiaid or | out-lide of theſe Muſcles, whether they contain any ;
red Charres ( if we may fo call them) are found in | tor generally ſuch as have them, are a lictle contract-
ome other Lakes of this County and Meirionydb, be- | ed or diſtorted from their uſual ſhape. A curious and
tides Lbyn Pers ; but this Lake of St. Peris affords | accompliſh'd Gentleman lately of theſe parts * (whoſe + ger:
another kind of Alpine Fiſh ; and by the deſcripei- | uncimely death | have reaſon, amongſt many others, Wn”
on I hear of it, I ſuſpe& itto be the Gelr or Gilt Charre | to bewail) ſhew'd me a valuable Colle&ion of the k;1hen,
of Winandermear in Weltmorland , which Mr. Wil- | Pearls of this river ; amongſt which I noted a ſtool- £4:
loughby and Mr. Ray conclude to be the ſame with | pearl , of the form and bigneſs of a leſſer button-
the Carpio Lacu; Benact of Rondeletius and Gefſner. | mold, weighing 17 grains ; diſtinguiſh'd on the con-
The ſeaſon here tor cacching both, begins about the | vex ſide with a fair round ſpot of a Cornelian colour,
eleventh of November, and continues for a month. | exactly in the center.
Theſe fiih, as well as the Gumiad of Lhyn Tegid in | [c|] The ſmall village mention'd here by the name
Meirionydhſhire, are never taken by bait, but in | of Kaer ben, lies three miles above Conwy (or Aber
nets, near Pontyawr, inthe river Se:ont, which iſſues | Kynwwy) and is now call'd Kaer Rhan, which was al-
out of this Lake, and is call'd now corruptly Avon y | fo the vulgar name of ic in our Author's age , as
Sant, from Sc. Peris. appears by ſome Writings of that time. Neverthe-
1 obſerv'd that che Inhabitants of thefe Mountains | lefs I incline to his conje&ure, that Kaer Rhin is only
call any low Country Hendrev, which ſignifies the an- | a corruption of Kaer ben, i.e. the old City : unleſs we
cient habitation ; and that 'tis a common tradition a- | ſhould rather ſuppoſe ir calld T Geer byn, which fig-
mongſt them, as alſo amongft thoſe that inhabie the | nifies the elder Town or City, with reference to the
like places in Brecknock and Radnorſhire, that the | Town of Conway ; which as our Author informs us,
Iriih were che ancient Proprietors of their Country; | was built by King Edwar# the firſt out of the ruins
which I therefore thought remarkable , becauſe 'cis | of it. The common tradition of this neighbour-
impoſſible that either thoſe of South-wales ſhould re- | hood is, that it received its name from Rhivs ap Mael-
ceive it from theſe, or the contrary, ſeeing they have | gwn Gwynedb, who liv'd about the end of the ſixth
no communication, there being a Councry of about | Century ; for his Father, whom Gildas calls Mag/o-
fourſcore miles interpog'd. cunus (which word I ſuppoſe ſome Copyiſt writ er-
\ b] The river Conwy is probably one of the no- | roneouſly for Maclocunws) and inveRtively Draco Þnſula-
bleſt ſtreams of the length in Europe ; for whereas | r#,died about the year 586 *.This I ſuſpe& was at firſt » 1, g.4.
the whole courſe of it is but ewelve miles, it receives | no other than the donjeQure of fome Antiquary, con- Vaughas's
lo many Brooks and Rivulets from the bordering | ceiv'd from the affinity of the names, which being _
Mountains of Snowdon, that it bears Ships of bur- | communicated to others, became at length a current
den. And hence, if I may be free co conjecture, it | Tradition, as we find too many more have, on the
receiv'd its name ; for ſuppoſing that G*y ( or y ) | like occafion : but whether Rhimn ap Maclgwn gave
© i ſignifies @ River || ; Kynwy or Conwy ( for in Ety- | name tothis placeor not, 'tis certain 'twas a City long
,1 mologies we regard the pronunciation , not the or- | before his time, there being no room to doubt buer
thography) mutt denote an extraordinary great or prime | this was the old Conoviums of the Romans mention'd
river : the particle Kyn prefixt in compound words, | in the Itinerary.
being generally augmentative, or elſe ſignifying the | Not many years ſince there was a Roman Hypo-
firſt and chief, As Kyn-kan , extraordinary white ; | cauſt diſcover'd at this place, agreeable in all reſpe&s
Kyndyn, very tiff or obſtinate ; Kynwvid, the Antedi- | (by the account I hear of it) with thoſe found at
luvian world; Kyndbydb, the dawning of the day ; | Kaer Lheion ar wysk,mention'd by Giraldus; and near
Kynverthyr, a Proto-martyr, &c. And (that we may | Hope in Flintſhire , deſcrib'd by Mr. Camden. So
note this by the way ) 1 ſuſpe& the word Cys to | that in all places in Wales, where any Legions had
have been the ſame originally with the Iriſh Ceen, i.e. | their ſtation, ſuch ſtoves or hoe vaults have been dil-
Head ; whence Kyntav lignifies the = quaſj pennev | cover'd : thoſe at Kaer Lheion ar ®y;k being made by
the chiefeſt ; and Dr. Davies ſuppoſes the word Kynd- | the Legio Secunda Auguſte , that near Hope by the
Firedb, i.e. Megrim or Vertigo, to be equivalent in fig- | twentieth Legion , entitld Britannice Valens Vittrix,
nification with Penharedb. If this may be allow'd, | | which lay at Kaer Lheion ar Dbowrdwy , or Welſtche-
know not but theſe proper names, Cumtegorix, Cuno- |ſter; and this by the Tenth. For | find in ſome
*% belinns, Cuneglaſms, and Cunotamws *, ( calld in Britiſh | notes of Mr. William Brickdal, late Refor of Lhan
* Kynrwrch, Kywoehn, Kynglas, and Kynedbay +) might | Ruſt, that he had ſeen ſeveral brick tiles, found near
+. bear the interpretation of Cherocephalus, Flavicomas, | this Church of Kaer byn, inſcrib'd LEG. X. And
x. Conus and Capito, or Bucepbalus ; lince we find that | as thoſe two places above-mention'd were call'd Kaer
«; Perlons of the greateſt dignity, were {tiled by ſuch | Lheion (i.e. Urbs Legionum) from the Legions that had
firaames, not only among the Britains, but che Ro- | their ſtations there, with the addition of the names
mans alſo, and probably moſt Nations in cheſe parts, of the rivers on which they were ſeated , fo | ſuſpect
of Europe. h this place might be call'd anciently Kaer Lbeion ar
The Pearls of this river are as large and well co- | Gynwy, becauſe we find a hill near ic, call'd at this
lour'd as any we find in Britain or Ireland, and have | day Mynydb Carr Lheion, 1. e. Kaer Lheion Mountain.
probably been fiſh'd for here , ever ſince the Roman | The lace Sir Thomas Moftyn Baronet , who ( with-
Corqueſt, if not ſooner; For 'tis evident that P:arls | our complement to his worthy Succeſſor ) mm
| juſtly
- -
th.
« F "on
RDE
Oo” TIT TY PV
VICES.
6
—— _——
ja{tly ſtil'd a Gentleman of exemplary qualifications,
ſhewed me amonegſt his valuable Colleton ot Anti-
quities, ſome Cariolities he had received. from this
place. Amongſt which I noted a hollow brick,from
the Hyp2cauſt above-mention'd,thirteen inches long,
and tive and a balf ſquare, having a round hole in
the mid{t, of about ewo inches diameter, the thick-
nels of the brick, not exceeding } of an inch.
of this 1 thought a figure might be acceptable co the
Curious, and have therefore added one at the end
of theſe Welſh Counties * ; as allo of a round piece
of Copper found here, and preſerv'd in the ſame
Colle&ion, which I thought very remarkable. Ir's
{o11ewhar of the form of a Cake of Wax, even or
flac on one ſide, and convex on the other, about ele-
ven inches over, and forty pound weight. It's un-
even in the margin or circumference, and fome
what ragged on each ſide ; and on the flat fide, hath
an oblong ſquare ſunk in the mid{t, with an Infcrip-
tion as in the figure). This he ſuppoſed to have been
a piece of rude Copper or Bullion ; and that the
Inſcription was only the Merchant's ſtamp, or dire-
&ion to his Correſpondent at Rome : adding, there
were ſome ſigns of a Roman Copper-work near
Trewriw, about three miles hence, and elſewhere in
this neighbourhood, whence 'twas probable they had
dug it.
: d] Inthe year $880 a memorable Batte] was fought
near Aber Kynwy, betwixt Anzrawd Prince of North
Wales, and Eadred Duke of Mercia, wherepf that
judicious Antiquary Mr. Robert Vaughan of Heng-
worth, gives the tollowing account, in ſome notes he
writ on Dr. Powel's Hiſtory of Wales.
After the death of Roderic the Great, the northern Bri
tains of Stratclwyd and Cumberland, were ( as Hettor
Boethins and Buchanan relate) much infeſted and weakned
with the daily mcurſions of Danes, Saxons, and Scots ;
which made many of them (all that weuld not ſubmit therr
necks to the yoke ) to quit their country, and ſeek out more
quiet babitations. Under the condutt of one Hobert they
came to Gwynedh *, in the beginning of Anarawd's
reign ; who commiſerating their diſtreſſed condition, gave
them the country from Cheſter to the river Conwy to in-
babit, if they could force out the Saxons, who bad lately
poſſeſſed themſelves thereof. Whereupon thiſe Britams firH
engaged the Saxons ; and neceſſity giving edge to their wva-
lour, ſoon drove them out thence, being yet ſcarce warm in
— = ———DS Oy _———
—_—_ -
den the Dane marched ints Northumberland, which hs
ſubdued, baving before conquered the Pitt; and Britains of
Stratcluid : In regionem Nordan hymbrorum
perrexit, eamque ſubjugavit, necnon & Pictos & +1,
t Stratc|udenles. tor
[e] About ten years ſince, there were found at wh
this caſtle of Diganmwy ( or very near it) feveral braſs 4
But | inſtruments ſomewhat of the ſhape of axes ; but $}
whether they were Britiſh or Roman, or what uſe we
they were .deſign'd tor, I muſt leave to be determin's ””*
by others. There were about 5o of them found un- Thy
der a great ſtone, placed heads and points ; whereof #®
ſome are yet preſ:rv'd in the collection abovemen- Cu
tion'd. Theſe have been alſo dilcover'd in ſeveral Þx
other parts of Wales; and that whereof I have pi- c+
ven a Figure (»wv. 1 yjþis one of ſeven or eight that "=
were found of late years at the opening of a Quarry 5.4
on the ſide of Moe! yr Henlbys * in Montgomery. *
ſhire. Dr. Plet, in his Natural Hiſtory of Stafford- «..
ſhire ( pag. 403. ) mentions ſuch braſs inſtrument
found at four ſeveral places in that County ; which @;;
though they differ ſomething from ours, were yet in ®
all likelihood intended for the fame uſe. Bur that "_
| they were Bolt-heads of Roman Catapalte { as that
| learned and ingenious Author ſuppoſes ) ſeems to me
ſomewhat queſtionable : not only for that we find no
mention of braſs Arms amongſt the Romans ; but
partly becauſe they ſeem not large enough for that
uſe, nor well contriv'd either for flight or execution :
and partly becauſe Antiquaries take it for granted,
the Britains had no wall'd towns or caſtles before the
Roman Conqueſt ; fo that fiich machins as Carapalte
and Baliſte were unneceſlary in this INand. lf ir be
| urged, they might be of uſe to cover the paſſes of ri-
vers or friths ||, as that into Angleſey out of this Coun: jr;
ty ; 'cis evident they were not uſed here on that occa- 4*
fion : for if ſo, the Britiſh army had not been poſted m4.
on the oppoſite ſhore to receive the Romans (as T4
citus Amnal. 14. expreſly tells us they were ) but had g;
been compell'd to a farther diſtance. It ſeems very a=
probable, that the braſs Axes found at St. Michae/; o
| Mount in Cornwal, were of this kind ; becauſe there «=:
' were found with them certain Arms of the fame me- «
; tal, like ſhort ſwords or daggers, ſuch as we find alfo
' in theſe parts, and have mention'd in the laſt Coun- \,%
x47
'ty. Of choſe, Mr. Camden's opinion was, that they ws
' were Britiſh: and indeed it's not to be doubred but **
their ſeats. About three years after thu, An. Dom. 880. | that they were (ſo, if the braſs Arms he mentions:
Edryd Walbthir f, King of the Saxons, (call d by the Eng-
| were really ſwords (as he ſuppoles,) for no man will /Z'
liſh Hiſtorians Eadred Duke of Mercta) made great pre- | imagine that the Romans uſed ſwords of that metal: %
parations for the regaining of the ſaid country ; but the | and that being granted, *cwill be ſcarce queſtionable
northern Britains, who bad ſettd there, having intelli- | but the Axes and Spear-heads he mentions to be
gence thereof ; for the better ſecuring of their cattel and | lodg'd with them, belong'd to the ſame Nation. For
goods, remov/'d them over the river Conwy. In the mean | my own part, I muſt confeſs, that for a long time l
zrme, P. Anarawd was not idle; but gather'd together all | fuſpe&ed theſe inſtruments Roman, ſuppoſing them
the ſtrength be could make. Hu army encamp'd near Con-
wy, at a place calld Kymryd, where he and hu men ma-
king reſiſtance again#t the aſſaults of the Saxon power, at
length, after a bloody fight, obtain'd a compleat wittory.
The battel was called Gwatth Kymryd, Konwy, be-
cauſe it was fougbt in the Townſlhup of Kymryd, hard by
Conwy ; but Anarawd call'd it Lial Rodri, becauſe be
had there reveng'd the death of bis father Rodri. In thus
battel, Tudwal the ſon of Rodri Mawr receivd a burt
in the knee, which made bim be calld Tudwal Glof, or
the Lame, ever after. Huw brothers, to reward bu wa-
lour and ſervice, gave him Uchelogoed || Gwynedh.
The Britains purſuing their wittory , chaſed the Saxons
quite out of Wales mto Mercia ; where having burnt and
deſiroy'd the borders, they return d bome laden with rich
ſpoils. . Anarawd, to expreſs bus thankfulnefs to God for
of Bangor, as the Records of that See do teſtifie ; and like-
wiſe to the Collegiate Church of K'lynog m Arvon, as we
read in the extent of North Wales. After ths, the northern
Britains came back from beyond the rruver Conwy, and poſ-
lefſed again the lands efſigned them between Conwy and
Cheſter, which for a long t1me after, they peaceably enjoy'd. |
too artificial to have been made by the Britains be-
fore the Romans civiliz'd them ; and that they were
not ſwords, &c. but intended for ſome other uſes. But
ſeeing they had gold and filver coyns before that time
( as all Antiquaries allow) and that 'tis ſcarce que-
ſtionable but the golden Torque deſcribed in the laſt
County was theirs ; and alſo that Pliny tells us the
Druids cut down their Miſſeltoe with golden ſickles:
'I know not but they might have more arts than
we commonly allow them, and therefore muſt
ſuſpend my judgment.
& There are in this County ( as alſo in the other
Provinces of North- Wales ) ſeveral remarkable old
forts, and ſuch ſtone-monuments as we have noted
in the Counties of Caer-Mardbin, Penbroke, and Car-
: digan; whereof becauſe I have taken no deſcription
ihe great wittory, gave lands and poſſeſſions to the Church |
my ſelf, I ſhall here inſert for the ſatisfaRtion of the
curious, ſome ſhort notes on this ſubje& out of a MS.
written by a perſon of Quality in the reign of King
Chatles x. and communicated to me by my wor-
thy friend Mr. Grifirh Fones, School-maſter of Lb"
Kyi
On the top of Penmaen ftands a lofty and impregnavie
Some Engliſh Hriters, as Mat. Weitm. &c. not confider- Hill call d Braich y Dhinas ; where we find the rumow
ing probably, thit che Britains bad lands in Lhoegria | walls of an exceeding ſtrong fortification, encompaſs d with
and Albania, after King Cadwaladr's time, take theſe of | a treble wall, and within each wall the foundation &f 5
* Chr. «xx. Cumberland and Stradklwyd for the Britains of Wales. | leaft a hundred towers, all round and of equal bigneſs, and
Heaifdene.. Afffſer Meneverſis, who liv'd A. D. 875. ſays, that * Hal- | about fix yards diameter, within the walls. The _ f
| 17;
"ANGLESEY.
- — ———
the Dinas were in moſt places two yards thick, and in
ſome about three. Thu caſtle ſeems (when it ſtood) impreg-
nable, there berng no way to offer any aſſault to it ; the bull
bring ſo very bigh, ſteey, androcky, and the walls of ſuch
frength. The way or entrance imo it aſcends with m
turnmgs ; ſo that a bundred men might defend themſeboes
agaimſt a whole Legion ; and yet it ſhould ſeem that there
were Lodgings withmn theſe walls for 20000 men. At the
lummit of thu rock, within the innermoſt wall, there's a
Well, which affords plenty of water, even in the dryeHl
lummers. By the tradition we recerve from dur Aneeſt ors,
this was the ſtrongeſt and [afeit refuge or place of defence
the ancti:mt Britams had m ali Snowdon to ſecure them
from the mcurſions of their enemies. Moreover, the great-
nels of the work ſhews it was @ princely fortification,
ftrengthend by nature and workmanſhip ; ſeated on the
rop of me of the hig he#t mount alyf tha# part of Snowdon,
which lies towards the Sea. |
About a mile from this fortification, ſtands the moſt re-
markable monument im all Snowdon, call d X Meineu
hirion ; «pon the plain mountain, within the pariſh of
Dwy Gyvylcheu, above Gridhw glas. I's @ circular
entrenchment, about 26 yards diameter ; on the out-fide
| of whith about 12 ave now ſtanding, ſome 2 yards, others
| F foot bigh ; and thife ate ap ain apo k a ſtone
all. ÞÞ ſtands wpon the plain mountain, \as ſoon as we
come to the beight, baving much even gromnd about it ;
and not far from it thers are three other large ſtones pitch d
on end in « tyi orm.
About three furlongs from this monument, there are ſe-
veral ſuch va#t _—_ of [mall tones as we call Karned-
heu ; concerning which, the tradition is, that @ memorable
battel was fought near this place betwixt the Remans and
Britams ; wherein, after much ſlaughter on both ſides, rhe
latter remaining conquerour!, buried their dead in heoys,
caſting theſe ſtones 'on them ; partly to \prevent the wild
boars (which in thoſe 'times were common m theſe parts)
from digg mg up their bodies ; and partly as a memorial to
poſterity, that the bodies of men lay there' interr'd. Theve
are alſo about theſe heaps or Karnedheu, ſeveral graves,
which bawve ſtones pitch d on end about-them,- and are co-
ver d with one or two lavge ones. Theſe ave preſumed 'to
be the monuments of the Commander or greateſt perſons
then flam in battel; but ' having nothing to mform ns
herein, we mu#t rely on tvadition and conjecture, &C. *
whereof, there are certain rude ſtone-pullars putch'd on end ;
— — _— ——— — 0 —__————— Ee ere i
” Ws |
i. ak. St.
Ar preſent this County gives the ticte of Earl to the Earl.
| right honourable Charles Dormer.
<—_— » 4
- #
ANGL
- E have alr2ady obſerv'd, that the
County of Caernarvon, we |aſt
{urvey'd, deriv'd it's name from
the chief Town therein, and
that the Town borrow'd that
name allo from the Iſland Mons,
which lies oppoſite to it. It remains now, (whereas
we formerly, not fo properly, phac'd it among the
Ilands ) that we reſtore that tra& to' its right place,
and deſcribe it in order ; ſeeing it enjoys alſo, and not
undeſervediy, the ticle of a Connty. This Iſland
was call d by ch& Rojas Mons ; in Britiſh Mon and
Tir Mon, i. &. the Land of ' Mon, and Tays dowylhb or
tbe ſhady 1fland ; by the old Saxons Moneg, and in
later times, when reduced by the Engliſh, Engler ea
and Anzlepey,' 1. E. tbe Engliſh . *Tis divided
from the Continent of Britain by the narrow frith of
ks Meneu * ; and of all other fides, waſh'd by that raging
» Iriſh ſea. Tt is of an irregular form, and extended in
\ length from eaſt ro weſt ' 20 miles f, and where
” broadeſt about 17. * This Land ( faich Giraldys )
+ *although as to outward x. it may ſeem a
* *dry, rocky, and unpleaſant country, not unlike
* that of Pebidios near St. David's; is yet, as to the
* quality of the il, much otherwiſe ; for *tis incom-
probe the moſt fruicfal country for wheat in all
* Wales : infomuch that in the Welſh language, it's
* proverhially ſaid of it, Min mar Gymry, i. e. Mon the
" Nurſery of Wales : becauſe when other -Countries
* fail'd, this alone, by the richneſs of che ſoil, and
" the plentiful harveſts ir produced, was wont to ſup-
"ply a!l Wales. It is affo ar this time very rich in
cattel *, and affords milftones; in ſome places alfo a
kind of Alurn-earths, of which tliey lately began-to
make 4/uz and: Coperas ; butthe projet not ſucceed-
ng. they have now defi(fed:-
This 15 that celebrated INand Mena ; ancientiy the
ſar of the Druids, drrempred* firſt by 'Pawiinne Swero-
mu, and reduced under ths Roman yoke by Fultns
Agricola. ' In the reign of Nero, this Paulinus Suetonins
'a we read' my Tacitus) prepared for\an attempt om the
Wand Mona, & very populons coutttry,” ard & receptitele of
deſerters ; ant 'to "that ' td , built GI,
betauſe the ſhifes were bitt ſhalliw and haz.ardous * thus the
[60 paſſed 244 and: the beorſt follow, either at 4 ford,
tle 1 Meyer waters (as orc ROM requirdd | Fram their
ESEY.
provided of arms and men; beſides women running about
with diſhevel'd hair like furies, in a mournful habit, bear-
mg torches 'm their- bands. About the army ſtood the
Druids, who (with hands lifted up to heaven) pourin
forth dreadful Imprecations, ſo terrified the ſoldiers with the
novelty of the fight, that ( as if their limbs bad been be-
numm'd ) they expoſed their bodies, like ſo many ffocks,
to the firdkes of. thy enemy. | But at left, partly by exhor-
tation of the General, and doch by entouraf ing each others
not to ſtand amazed at the fight of diſtratted women and
own fires.” They being thus conquer'd, a gafriſon was
planted there, and their growes'ent down, which wete con-
ſecrated to their ornel a ns For they beltit lawful
t0 ſacrifice with the blood of Captives; and by inſpettion
into- bumane Eittrails to corfult their Gods. But while
theſe thins« were in agitation, # ſniddin revolt of the whole
Province, recall d bim from thu enterpriſe. Afterwards,
as the ſame Author writes , Julius Agricola reſolves
to reduce the Tland Mona ; from the Conqueft whereof
Paulinus was recalld ( as we have already obſery/d ) by
a general rebellion in Britain : but being anprovided of
tranſport Veſſels, as it commonly happens in doubtful reſo-
Iuttons, the policy and courage of the General found new
means of conveying over bu army. For having firft laid
down their baggage, 'be commanded the choiteft of the Au-
xiliaries (to whom the fords were well known, and whoſe
cuſtom it was in their country, ſo to ſwim as to be able to
guide themſelves and their arms 'and horſes) to paſi over
the chanel. Which was done in ſuch a ſurpriſing manner,
that the enemies, pars 4 pen @ Navy, and watch'd the
ſea, ſtood ſo much d; that, ſuppoſing nothing difficult
or mvincible to men of fuch reſolution, they immediately
ſupplicated for peace, and ſurrender'd the Iſland. So Agri-
cola btcame famons and great'('a].
Many ages after, when it was conquer'd by the
Engliſh, it «60k up their'riame ; being ealld former-
ly by the Saxohs Englep-ea, and now Azglſey ;
which ſgnifies the Engliſh land. But fecing Humprey
4, att his learned Epiſtle to that accomplith'd
Scholar Orcelizs, has reftor'd the Hand'to its anciehe
name and dignity, it is not neceſſary we ſnould dwell
long upon this County. 'v .
However we'may add, that about the*tlecline of
| the Roman'Govetnment in Bricain, ſome of'the Iriſh
v2; On the: oppoſite wre ſbood the Enemies army; well
Nation crept into this Iſland. For beſides certain in-
" & ©. -»
FEY<s 1&7 2 SE 2s
A te
. : »
> —— ——————— _— —— —
+ Ofihe Hilruren plundſum or Amianithw, fond at 2 place call'd Pue LEywarck in the Pariſh of Lhan air 3g Horn'wy. *e Pal Trin(./n. 156.
1 Find na th of oriat maltiind'y. b:
Uu : _ rreach'd
674
[|'s company of frantick pepple ; they advance their enſigns, || Fanars-
and trample down thiiv enemies, thruſt ing them into their ©" 959m:
ORDEVICES.
Marianus.
Lin Vies.
me oiled
trench'd Banks, which they call Iriſh Cottages ; there | ſter heretofore of the Friers minors ; ro Which the
is another place well known by the name of 7s bericy | Kings of England have bezn bountiful Patrons, as well
Gwidil, from ſome Iriſh, who under the condu&t of | on account of the devoutneſs and exemplary lives of
one Sirigi, overcame the Britains there , as we read | the Friers who dweltthere, as (that I may ſpeak out
.in the Book of Triades [bÞ], Nor was it afterwards | of the Book of Records) becauſe there were buried at : Pap
haraſs'd by the Engliſh only, but alſo by the Norwe- | :hat place, a daughter of King Fohbn, a ſon of the Kmg of Acai,
gians : and in the year 10900,a Navy of King Achel- ; Denmark , the bodies of the Lord Clifford, and of other
red ſailing round the Iſland, waſted and conſum'd it Lords, Knights, and Eſquires, who were ſlain m the war,
in a hoſtile manner (<} | of Wales, in the trmes of the illuftriow Kings of Eng-
| Afterwards, two Normans of the name of Hugh, ' /and.
the one Earl of Cheſter , and the other of Salop, op- » The Town of Newburgh, in Britiſh Rbozir [d], is x.
preſsd it; and to reſtrain the Inhabitants, built the eſteem'd next beſt to Beeumariſh, diſtant from it about
Caſltle of Aber Lhienawg. But Magnus the Norwegi- | twelve miles weſtward ; which having ſtrugl'd along
an coming thither at the ſame time,* ſhot Hugh Earl; time wich the heaps of Sand caſt againſt ie by the
of Cheſter through the body with an arrow, and Sea, has now Joſt much of its former ſplendour.
pillaging the Iſland, departed. The Engliſh having
afterwards often attempted it, at laſt brought it un-
der their ſubjeRion in the time of Edward the firſt.
It contain'd formerly 363 Villages; and is a very po-
pulous Country at this time. The chief Town is
Beaumaris, boil: in the Eaſt part of it, in a mooriſh
place, by King Edward the firſt , and call'd by the
name of Beaw meriſh from its ſituation, whereas the
place before was call'd © Bonover. He alſo fortihed it
with a Caſtle, which yet ſeems not to have been
ever finiſh'd ; the preſent Governour whereof is the
right worſhipful Sir Richard Bulkley Knight , whoſe
civility cowards me, when I ſurvey'd theſe Counnes,
I muſt always gratefully acknowledge.
Not far from hence lyes Lhan Vies, a famous Cloi-
Aber-Fraw, not far from thence, tho” at preſent xz;
but a mean place, w e heretofore of much great:
er repute than any of the reſt, as being the Royal Seat
of the Kings of Gwynedb, or North-W ales, who were
thence alſo ſtyl'd Kings of Aber- Fraw.
Near the weſtern Cape of this Iſland, which we 11.
call Holy-head, there's a ſmall Village calld in Welh
Kaer Gybi ; which receiv'd its name from Kyb; (a de-
| Vour man, and Diſciple of St. Hilary of Poictiers)
who led here a religious life : from whence there is
a common paſſage into Ireland | e |. The other places 0/4
of this Iſland are well planted with Villages, which "*<
ſ:eing they afford little worth our notice,l ſhall now Xu
pals over into the Continent, and take a view of Dey. '*#
big hſlure. |
Ia,
« This (wherever our Author found it) ſeems to be no Britiſh name.
* Shot the ſaid Hugh Earl of Shrew:bury, &c.
There are in thu Iſland 74 Pariſhes.
ADDITIONS
Eing wholly unacquainted in this Coun-
try my ſelf, I ſhall inſert here an Ex-
erat of a Letter from my ingenious
Friend, the reverend Mr. Fobn Davies
Re&or of Newburgh, concerning the place where the
Romans are thought to have pals'd the Frith of AMe-
neu, and ſome Monuments in this Iſland, which ſeem
particularly remarkable.
nn? T I S ſuppos'd the Romans paſs'd the Fre-
; tum of Menai,betwixt a place call'd now
© Lhan-Vair is Gaer in Caernarvonſhire, and Lhan Idan
© in this County, Oppoſite to this ſuppoſed paſlage,
© there is a hill calld Gwydryn ( a name corrupted
© perhaps from Gwydb-Uryn, i. e. Conſpicuous Hill )
* which having two Summitsor Tops ; one of them
© ſhews the ruins of an ancient Fort ; and on the o-
© ther I obſerv'd a round pit ſunk in a Rock, of about
© nine foot diameter, filld up with pure Sand. Whar
* may be the depth of it, I cannot at preſent inform
© you ; ſome that have ſounded it for three yards, ha-
© ving dilcover'd no bottom. I have had ſome ſuſpi-
* cion this might be the place where the Druids of
* fer'd their cruel Sacrifices with the blood of Cap-
© tives ; but having nothing out of Hiſtory co con-
© firm my conjeQure, T ſhall not much contend for
© it, butleave it to you and others to conſider what
* ſoodd a contrivance was deſign'd for.
* About a mile from the place where we ſuſpet
© the Romans landed , we find Trer Dr«w , which
© doubtleſs took irs name from ſome Druid, and may
© be interpreted Druids-Town, ſezing we find the ad-
* joyning Townſhip is call'd 7re'r Beirdb, i. e. Bards
© Town. And this puts me in mind of a place call'd
" Maen y, Druw, i.e. Druid-Stone, within the Kwm-
* mwd of Twrkelyn in Lhan Elian pariſh 5 where we
[a]
© need not much queſtion , but there was formerly a
* Sepulchral monument of a' Druid, tho' now it be, © roughneſs of che: ſtone, and pointed inco ſeveral
© angles,bur how many I cannot at preſent aſſure you.
* only the name of a houſe.
to ANGLESEY.
* Upon the Confines of the Townſhips of 7c
© Druw and Tre'r Beirdh, we meet with a ſquare For-
* tification, which may be ſuppoſed ro be the firſt
* Camp the Romans had after their landing here;
* and oppoſite toit weſtward, about the diſtance of
* three furlongs, there's another ſtrong hold, of a
© round form and conſiderable height, which proba-
© bly was that of our Anceſtors. Farther weſtward,
* under this Fort's prote&ion,there are ſtones pitch'd
© on'end, about twelve in number, whereof three are
* very conſiderable, the largeſt of them being welve
© foot high, and eight in breadch where 'cis broad-
© eft ; for 'cis ſomewhat of an oblong oval form.Thele
© have no other name than Kerig y Bryngwyn * ( Of «3w7
* Bryngwyn ftoner) and are fo call'd from the place 2
© where they are erefted. On what occaſion they ww
© were rais'd, I cannot conjeRure, unleſs this might hil
* be the burial place of ſome of the moſt eminent
© Druids, In Bod-Owyr, which lyes on the North-
* ſide of the ſame round Fort, at a farther diſtance,
* we find a remarkable Kromlech , which ſeveral , as
* well as my ſelf, ſuppoſe to be another kind of Se-
* pulchral monument ſince the time of Heathenilm.
© Theſe (for we have ſeveral others in the Iſland) are
* compoſed of three or four rude ſtones , or more,
* pitch'd on end as ſupportets or pillars, and a vaſt
* ſtone of ſeveral tuns laid, on them as a covering z
* andars thought to have received the name of Crom-
© lecheu, for that the Table or covering Stone is on
* the upper ſide ſomewhat gibbous or convex : the
* word Krwm ſignifying (as you know ) crooked or |
* bunch-back'd, and Lhech any flat ſtone F— This + 7
* Kromlech, at Bod-Owyr, is more elegant than any ps 4
* Monument I have ſeen of its kind ; for whereas in
* all ochers I have-nored, the top-ſtone as well as the
* ſupporters, is altogether rude and unpoliſh'd ; in
* this it is neatly wrought , conſidering the natural
Y-
ANGLESEY
673
———
* We have a tradition, that the largeſt Kromlech in
* this County, is the Monument of Bronwen,daugh-
"ter to King Lhyr or Leirws, who you know is Pd
t to begin his reign An. Mundi 3105. Bur of this, and
© the reſt of our Kromlechew , take here the words of
fan — Anrtiquary whill(t living, Mr. Fob Grif-
© fch of Lhan Dhyvnan, in a Letter to Mr. Vaughan
" of Hengwrre. Bronwen Leiri filiam quod
attinet ; Celluls lapidea curvata , ubi ſepultam tradunt,
x4 Pe non procul 4 fluyio Alaw cernitur, ex parte occidental ||.
Sed an Rex ille perantiquus, unquam in rerum natura fue-
rit, dubitant Camdeniani; quam reAeipft viderint. E-
UF juſmod: /Edicules que apud nos frequentes ſant, Crom-
A lechau, nomme (ut ſca) non imepto yocitantur. Denique
+ Inſula bac, que Sylva erat is temporibus. fere comtinua,
'". & Druidum ſedes quaſt propria, magnatum tumuls abun-
' dat. Loci ſeilicet reverentia optiigates quoſque buc duxit
ſepeliendos, &C,
© | know there are ſome who ſuppoſe theſe Monu-.
* ments, and ſuch like, to have been federal teſtimo-
© nies; but that I take to be a groundleſs conjecture :
*:nd ths opinion of their being places of Inter-
© ment ſeems much confirm'd,' for that a Gentleman
* of my acquaintance remembers that an odd kind
. * of Helmer * was diſcover , by digging about a
* rude ſtone, which together with ſome others, is
rw2* nicch'd on end at a place call'd Kae y macs mawr
”. in the pariſh of Lhan Rhwydras. | Of theſe ſtones
rl, there are but three now ſtanding ; and thoſe im a manner
'" triangularly. One of them u eleven foot and s half high,
* four foot broad, and fourteen inches thick ; another about
P three yards high, and four foot brosd ; and the third ten
g
a7 foo bigh, eight in breadth, and but ſix inches thick.] |
-OP-101- EE LE
F _
x:
1
DE ————
E-
® This Monument is call'd Maen Lhenol , corruptly
ger. [ ſuppoſe for Maen Lbineol, i. e. Laps inſculptus ſive
® lincolis exaretus : for there's ſuch another, known by
is, that name, at Penbryn pariſh in Cardiganſhire. It ſeems
'= ſcarce queſtionable bue this ſtone, as well as thoſe o-
a thers above-mention'd, was a Sepulchral Monu-
*% ment; and that the words Hic jacer end the Inſcrip-
i(n;,] LYON,
[b] Theſe words 1 Hericy Gwidil , I ſuppoſe to
*» have been erron2oully printed for Kerig y Gwydbe!,
"11, e.Iriſh fones ; for we find a place lo call'd in the
ora pooh of Lhan Griſtiolis. But 1 think we may not
& kafely conclude from that name, eicher that the Iriſh
had any ſettlement in theſe parts , or that there was
any memorable ation here berwixt that Nation and
the Britains ; ſeeing it relates only to one man, who
perhaps might be buried at that place, and a heap
of ſtones cal} on his grave, 'as has been uſual in ather
places. I alſo make = doubt, whether thoſe Mo
numents our Author mentions by che name of H:-
bernicorum Caſu!z, or Iriſh Hwuts, be any proof that
ever the Iriſh dwelt there ; for they are only fome
vaſt rude ſtones laid together in a circular order, en-
Cloſing an Area of about five yards diameter, and
are fo ill ſhaped, that we cannot ſuppoſe them the
foundations of any higher building : and as they are,
they afford no thelcer or other conveniency for. Inha
bitants. Thoſe I meant, are to be ſeen in a Wood
near Lhyzwy, the Seat of the worſhipful Pierce Lloyd
Elq; and are commonly call'd Killies 'r C dhelod,
L c. Ijþ Corrs.;3. whence 1 infer they muſt be the ſame
which Mr: Camden calls Hibernicorum Caſulas.
A Monument of this kind, cho' much lefs, may be
ken at Lhech yr Aſt in the pariſh of Lhan, Goedmor
near Cardigan, which was le erected in the
time of Heatheniſm and Barbariryz but to what end,
I dare not pretend to conjefture. The ſame may be
«
:
2:14
b
n:0
(aut
Bot
ret.
ig
laid of chele: Kiliewr Gwydbthed, which 1 preſume |.
to have been ſo call'd by the vulgar, only becauſe
ki have a tradition, that before Chriſtianity, the
Iriſh were poſſeG'd of this Iſland, and therefore ars
(
|
|
|
|
þ
* As for infcribd Stones;. I have notzd anly
* ewo in this County : . one. whereof was a kind of
* ſquare pillar in the. periſhof Lhan Babo, of about
* ten foot in - one in breadch, .and near the
* ſame thickneſs. I never was fo curious as t5 copy
© the Inſcription; and I ath told it's naw too late, ic
© being broken in ſeveral pieces. The other is in my
* neighbourhogd , but s fo obſcure, that 1- ſcarce
* think it worth while to trouble you with a Copy
*of it. I could read only Filins Ulrici erextt
bunc Lapidem. (| Thu Monument was perhaps erefed by
ſome Dane or Norwegian, Ulricus ſeeming to be rather a
Daniſh name than Brui|h. | ;
* I can give you no certain information of any
* Coyns found here, except a large gold Medal of
* Tulixs Conttantins ||,which was found on the plow'd || Figured
© land at a place eall'd Tre Varthin , about the year Num-:o.
© 1680.and was afcerwards added by the late Sir Tho-
© mas _ , to his curious Collection of Antiqui-
* ties, Oc.
Thus far. Mr. Davies; ſince the date of whoſe Le
ter | receiv'd a Copy of the Inſcriptiott he menet:
ons at Lhan Baho, from the Reverend Mr. Robere
Humphreys, Recor of Lhan Vechelb. For tho' the
Stone b2 (as he mentions) broken in two pieces,and
remaov'd from: the place where ic ſtood ; the Inſcrip-
tion, whatever it may import, is yet preſerv'd; which
tho' I underſtand not my elf, I ſhall however inferc
here, becauſe I know not but ic may be intelligible
to ſeveral Readers, and fo give ome light cowards the
explaining of ocher Infcriprions.
apt to aſcribs to that Nation, ſuch Monuments as
ſeem to them unaccountable ; as the iſh High-
landers refer their circular Stone pillars ro the Pits *. « n.. G-.
For we muſt not ſuppoſe
ments can be fo late zs the end of che ſixth Century ;
about which time ths Iriſh Commander Sirigs is ſaid
to bave been ſlain by sf Fae law. bir (1. e. Caſſi-
velaunus Longimanw) and his people forc'd to quit the
8 ſuch barbarous Mony- den's Ler-
ters to Mr,
Aubrey.
[land f. We have many places in Wales belides thele # $e the
denominated from the Iriſh ; as Pentrer Gwydbel in
orion
the pariſh of Rho: Golin in_this County ; Pont 7 Gwyd: before De.
hel in Lhan Vair, and Pentrer Gwydbel in Lhyſraen g's
pariſh, Denbighſhire ; Kerig y Gwydbel near Feſt ineog
in Meirionydhſhire; and in Cardiganſhire we find
Kwm y Gwydbyl in Penbryn pariſh, and Karn Philip
IWydbil in Lhan Wennog ; but having no Hiſtory to
gk theſe,, names, nothing can be infeer'd from
them. .
[c] bout the year. 945, there was 4 battel fought for vr. Rovers
the Iſle of Angleſey, berwixt Howel Dha King of Wales, Vaughan's
Kynan ap Edwal Voel, wherein Kynan fell, Af- "
terwards Grufydb bu ſon renewing the war, was likewiſe
overcome; 1Qand Kyngar 4 potent man, being driven out of
the Ife,: Howel kept quies poſſeſſion thereof.
| © The Walt The of Newburg is fo variouſly
written, tbat it's doubrful which is che right. 1a
the deſcriptioh.of .Wales inſerted before Dr. Powel's
Hultory, it's call'd Rheſſyr, and in_another inpreſli-
on of. che ſa Co h. was never publiſh'd, becauſe
not'compleated) it's, wricten R hs ir, Fhich either al-
ters the ſhgnifigation; @r makes it more diltin&. ln a
MS. Copy of the ſame ic" calld wofir, which we arg
to read Rhoſvir; but Mr,Davies above-mention'd,now
Rectorof che place, i 1 me, ir oughe to be Ri;-
Vair ;. in confirmation when of. x this Engin :
Mae 163i yn Rhor Pair, mae thn, .
Mae eur-glus ne ixtw1d Lhewelmn,
A Gwyr tal yn &« any,
An myrdb mewn goyrah s gun.
_—
(e] In
anuſcript.
619
* Mr, Aubr,
"45.
.
1 Ii ef
— O09. 1 OO Eee et
ORDEVICES.
| —
e] In Mr. Aubrey's Monumenta Britannica *, 1
obſerv'd a note of ſome remarkable Monument near
Holy-head, in theſe words : There « 1m Angleſey, about
a mile from Holy-bead, on a bill near the way that leads to
Beaumaris, a Monument of buge ffones. They are about
rwenty in number, and between four and froe # en bigh ;
at the Northern end of it there are rwo ſtones fix foot |
bigh. They ſtand upon a hillock in a Farm call d Trevig- |
neth , and have no other name than Lhechen ft, whence .
Har itons. rhe field where they are ras'd & call'd Kae'r Lhecheu. |
D. I-31 1.
| dible what quantities of Rye they' produce. * Nor is
this method
'nam'd formerly
;- which ſignifies the craggy
The firſt who rook the ticle of Earl from this «
INand, wes Chriſtopher Villers, brother of George Duke ©
of Buckingham , created Sept. 24. 1623. who waz
ſucceeded by Charles his fon- and heir, Bur he dying
in the year 1659. without iſſue male, it was conferr'q
on Arthur Anneſley, created Lord Anneſley of Newpy;.
Pagnel (in the County of Bueks) and Earl of Anylc/cy
Apr. 20. 1661. Ac preſent it is enjoy'd by the right
honourable Fames Anneſley.
DENBIGHSHIRE.
N this ſide the river Conwy, om
ſpire, call'd in Britiſh Sir Dbinbech, retires
it! from the ſea, and is extended ealt-
ward as far as the river Dee. It is en-
compaſs'd on the north for ſome ſpace
by x ſea, and afterwards by the
{mall County of Flint ; on the weſt by Meirionydh
and Mongomery, and on the eaſt by Cheſhire and
Shropſhire.
The weſtern part of it is ſomewhat barren ; the
middle, where it falls into a vale, exceeding fruicful ;
the eaſtern part next the vale not fo fertil 5 but to-
wards Dee much better. Towards the weſt, but
that it is ſomewhat more fruitful by the fea-ſide, 'ris
but thinly. inhabited, and ſwells pretty mach with
bare and craggy hills : but the diligence and induſtry
of the husbandmen hath long ſince begun to conquer
the barregnels of the land on the ſides of theſe moun-
taihs, as well as-ather plates of Wales. For having
pared oft che-lurtace-ot the earth, with a broad iron
inſkrument Tor that purpoſe, into thin clods and
turfs, they pile them up in heaps, and burn them to
aſhes ; which being afterwards ſcatcer'd on the fand
thus pared, does fo enrich them, thar ics ſcarce cre-
burning the grotnd any late inven-
tion, but 'very ancienc, as appears out of Virgil and
Horace. WE
Amongſt theſe Hills is a place call'd X#ip y Dru-
dion, ot Proid-ftones { a ]; and 'at Voelas there are
fome .fmall pillats, inferib'd with ſtrange tetrers ,
which ſome ſaſpe& to be the chari&ers ufed by the
Druids (b]. Not far from Klokiinog ye read this
Inſcription on a ſtone. 2 py
AMILUEIN
TOVISATOC. [ c).
*- Towards the Vale, where theſe monneains begin
to, be thinner, lies Denbigh, ſeated on. a ſteep rock,
by the Britains Kled-wryn yn Rbos
bill in Ros; for fo they. call
flat part'of the County, which K-Edw. t. beſtow'd,
with niaty other farge poſſefſions, on Davidb ap Gru-
7ydh, brother of Prince Lhewelyn.” -- But he being ſoon
after attainted of high treaſon; and beheaded; King
Faward granted It to Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln,
Who torritied it with a'very ſtrotg wall ( though of a
ſmall circumference, ) and on the ſouth-fide with a
caſtle. adarn'd'With high towers. © But his only fon
being unfortinately dtown'd'in the Caftle-well; Ne
was ſo much griev'd therbat,'rhiar He deſifted from tHe
work, leaving it unfiniſt'd. Affer' iis deceale; this
town, with the reſt of his tohetjrance, deſcended by *
his daughter Alice to the Houſeof f ancaſter. From
whom alſo,” when chat Emily" decay'd, ir 'dtvoti'd!
firſt, by the boiitity of King 'Edw:*4*to Hugh Spenſer,
King Edw. 3. For his Arnys are Rent on the'chitf gate.
Bur he being ſricenced to-dye, and execute,
| \ SEN
and afrerwards to Roger Mortiaper *,, by ihe chi with
tr
K: 2 fell!
to William Montacute ? Earl of Salisbury +; tho” foon
after [reſtor'd] to the Aortimers ; and by theſe at
length came to the Houſe of York. For we read thar
out of malice to K. Edw. 4. (who was of that houſe )
this town fufferd much by choſe of the family of
Lancaſter. Since which time, either becauſe tie in.
habirants diſliked the fituation of it ( for the deciivity
of the place was no ways convenient, ) or elſe be.
cauſe it was not well ſerv'd with water ; they remov'd
hence by degrees : inſomuch, that the old town is
now deſerted, and a new one, much larger, ſprung
up at the foot of the hill ; which is ſo P_ that
the Church not being large enough tor the inhabi-
tants, they have now begun to build a new one.
where the old town ftood ; partly at the charges of
their Lord Rober: Earl of Leiceſter, and partly with
the money” contributed for that uſe by ſeveral well-
diſpoſed perſons throughout , England. This Rober:
Earl of Leiceſter was created Baron of Desbigh by
Queen Elizabeth in the year 1566 5. Nor is there any
Barony in England that hath more Gentlemen hold.
ing thereof in fee.
e are now come to the heart of the County, ;
where nature having ftemov'd the moutitains on all cx
hands (to ſhew us what ſhe could do in a rongh Coun-
try ) hath ſpread out a moſt pleaſant vale ; extended
from ſouth:to north x7 miles, and about F in breadth.
It lies open only to the Ocean, and to the t clearing ++
North-wind, being elſewhere guarded with high **
mountains, which ( towards the eaſt eſpecially ) are
like battlements or turrets ; for by an admirable arti-
fice of nature, the tops of theſe mountains ſeem to re-
ſemble the turrets of walls. Amongſt chem, the high-
eſt is calf d Moel Enlhz :- at the top whereof I oblervd
a military fence or rampire [d], and a very clear
Spring; 'This vale is exceeding healthy, fruicful, and
aMords a pleaſant proſpe& : the complexion of the
inhabirants bright and chearful ;z their heads of 2
found confticution ; their ſight very lively, and even
their old age vigorous and lafting. The green mea-
dows, the corn-fields, and the numerous villages and
Churches in this vale, afford us the moſt pleaſant
proſpe imaginable. | The river Clwyd, from the Ve-C
ry fouhtain-head runs throngh the mid(t of it, recer
ving'on' each fide a great number of rivulers. And
from hence it has been formerly call'd Y?rad K!wys;
for Marianus makes mention of a King of the Stras-
cluid-Welſh : and at this day 'tis call'd Dyffrm Klwyd,
ji. e. the Yale of Cluid; \whiere, as ſome Authors have 5!
deliverd, cettain Britains coming out of Scotland, \..;
lanted a Kingdom, Having firft driven out the Eng-
liſh which wete ſeated there. |
Ih che ſouth part of this vale, on the-eaſt-fide of che
river, ends town of - Rwrhin, in Wellh Rar yn;
the greateft 'market in the vale, and a very populous
dg fitmous por lobg fihct, for a ately cate
which was capable of # very numerotis family. Both
the rown and caſtle were built © by Roger Grey, wit!
permififon' of re King; 'the Biſhop of Se. Aſaph, and
the” Retor of 'Lhan *Rijedb; it, being ſeated in that
A OT
_—
_—_ CI
+%. . w
Þ © _ ib
CEE WET ITT 28
' Earl of Wimcheſter.
Us lam and the
| —_ ——
* With the Cantreds of Roſs and Ricv ivbeky) et 3 After F ail of Salidb wy.
keirs of his body lawfully begotten. 6 By Regina. Cyey, fo wen K. Eaw. i. granted ut, and Roger, Cc.
_ —_— Tc...
—
{-- ; I - —
s For ſarpr: ſing .of Agr t 27087»
pariil.
J
*;k' $
k
w :
/7d
DENBIC
HSHIRE.
682
———
pariſh. To this Roger Grey, in conſideration of his
more lately repair'd by William Stanley, and. formerly
ſervice againſt the Welſh, King Edward 1. granted , by John Earl of Warren, who being guardian in truſt ©: Poweb
almoſt the whole Vale; and this was the ſeat of his
ſtericy (who flouriſh'd under the citle of Earls of
ent) till che time of Richard Grey Earl of Kent and
Lord of Ruthin ; who dying without iſſue, and ha-
ring no regard to his brother Henry, fold this ancient
inheritance to King Henry 7. ſince which time the
caſtle has daily decay'd. Of late, through the boun-
ty of Queen Elizabeth, it belong'd ro Ambioſe Earl
of Warwick,together with large revenues in this Vale.
Having aſcended eaſtward out of this Valley, we
come to 14l, a ſmall mountainous trac, of a very
high ſituation, if compared with the neighbouring
country. For no river runs into it from any other
country, tho? it pours out ſeveral. Upon account of
chis high ſituation, 'tis a very rgugh and bleak coun-
try; and much ſubje& to wi I know not whe-
ther it might receive it's name from the ſmall river
Alen, which ſpringing up in this country, by under.
mining the earth hides it felf in one or ewo places
Theſe mountains are well ſtored with oxen, ſheep, and
goats ; and the valleys in ſome gow are pretty ferti|
in corn ; eſpecially on the eaſt part, on this ſide
Alen ; but the weſtern is ſomewhat barren, and in
ſome places mere heath and defart. It hath nothing
in ic memorable, except the ruins of a ſmall mona-
ſtery 7; ſeated very pleaſantly in a valley, which
to.one Madek a Britilh Prince, fſcis'd for his own uſe
this Province, together with chat of Ial. From the
Earls of Warren, it deſcended afterwards to the Fitz-
Alans, Earls 'of Arundel; and from them to * William
Beauchamp Baron of Aber Gawemny: and afterward
to? Wiliam Stanley z who being beheaded, this, as
well as the reſt of his eſtate, was forteited to the
Crown.
Southward of Bromfield, lies Chirk, calld in Welſh chil.
Gwayn, a country alſo pretty mountainous, but
honour'd with two caſtles ; viz. Chirk, whence it re-
ceiv'd its name ; which was built by Roger Morti-
mer: and Kaſftelb Dinas Prin, ſeated on the higheſt Cattle Di
top of a ſharp hill, whereof there remain at prefent **
only ſome ruinous walls. The common people af-
firm, chat this was buiit and fo call'd by Brennas Ge- Brenmul.
neral of the Gauls ; and ſome interpret the name,
the King's palace: for Bren in Britiſh ſignifies a King z
(from whence poflibly that powerful Prince of the
Gauls and Britains was call'd by way of eminency,;
Bremnus : ) but others will have it derive its name
tom the ſituation on a hill, which the Britains
call Bryn: and this, in my opinion, is the ſeat of
Grutfydh ap Madok,, who when he ſided with the
Engliſh againſt the Welſh, was wont to ſecure him-
ſelt here. But upon his deceaſe, Roger Mortimer,
amongſt woody hills, is extended in the form of a | who was appointed guardian to his fon Lbewelyn,
croſs : whence it had the name of Yale-Crucs ; where- | ſeis'd this Chirk into his own hands; as John Earl of
as in Britiſh 'tis call'd Lban Gweff, Eaſtward of lal, | War:en, mention'd before, had ufurp'd Bromfield.
the territory -of Maelor Gymraeg or Welſh Maelor, call'd When the dominion of the Welſh, by factions
in Engliſh Bromfield, is extended to the river Dee; a among themſelves, and invaſions of che Engliſh, fell
plealant ſmall country, and well ſtored with lead, to decay, and could now fſubfilt no longer; the Earls
elpecially near Mwyn-glodh, a ſmall village, deno- of Chefter and Warren, the Mortimers, Lacy, and the
minated from the lead-mines.
In this part lies Wrexbam, call'd in Saxon Wyur-
tlerþam, remarkable for a very neat tower, and the
Greys (whom [ have mention'd) were the firſt of che
Normans that reduced, by degrees, this ſmall Pro-
vince, and left it to be poſſeſs'd by their poſterity.
Organ there : and near this place is Leonw Caſtrum, Nor was it made a County before the time of King
ſo call'd perhaps from the Lego viceſima Vittrix; which ' Henry 8. when Radnor, Brecknock, and Montgomery,
kept garriſon a little higher, on the other ſide Dee. were likewiſe made Counties by Authority of Par-
Tis now call'd Holt, and is ſuppoſed to have been liament.
1 Now wholly decay'd. ®* Sir Wiltam. » To Sir William Stanley, Chamberlain to K. Henry 7. who conteſting with his Sovereign about his
wd ſervices ( when he was honourably recompen;'d) loft bus head, forgetting that Sovereigns muit not be beholaing to $ubj- thr, howſoeer »ubjeits
ancy their own good ſervices.
It comtains 57 Pariſhes,
ADDITIONS to DENBIGHSHIRE.
Theſe I have not ſzen my ſe1f; but find the following
account of them, in a Letter from an ingenious Gen-
ble, tho' not altogether unqueſtion- | tleman of this neighbourhood. As for ancient Inſcri-
able: for that the word Dridion lig- | prions either of the Druids or others, I believe it's in vain
nifies Druids, is, for what I can learn, only prefumed to glean for them in theſe parts after Mr. Camden. Nor
from its affinity with the Latin Druide ; and becauſe | can thoſe he mentions at V oelas in our neigbbowrbood (as
we know not any other fignitication of it. In the | we may collef# from their charatters ) boajt of any great
Britiſh Lexicon we find no other word than Derwy- | antiquity : for that they are ſo obſcure and imtricate, I 1m-
* dbon * for Druids, which may be ficly render'd 1n | pure ro the wnikilfulnefs of the Hone-cutter, ſuppoſing they
" Latin Quercetani; Derw ſignifying in Welſh, Oak: | were nor plainly legible im thoſe times that firit ſaw them.
4 trees; which agreeing in found with the Greek, | 7et 1hat grave and learned Antiquary (as # commonly in-
. might occaſion 4 Pliny's conjeRture (who was better | cident ro rangers in their perambulation ) hath either for-
i. acquainted with that language than the Celtic or | gorren, or not obſery'd, the moſt remarkable pieces of An»
Z Britiſh) that Druides was originally a Greek name. | riquity in thi pariſh of Kerig y Drudion : I mean thoſe -
The ſingular of Derwydbon is Derwydb, which .the | two ſolitary priſons which: are generally ſuppoſed to have
9 Romans could not wrue more truly than Deruids, | been uſed in the time of the Druids. They are placed about
' Whereof Druida ſeems only an eaſier variation. The | « furlong from each other, and are ſuch buts, that each
word Drudion might likewiſe only vary in diale® | priſon cas well contain but a ſingle perſon. One of them «
irom Derwydbon, and fo the name of this place be diſt ingwiſh'd by the name of Karchar Kynrik Ri#th, or
rightly interpreted by our Countrymen and Mr. Cam- | Kenric Rwuth's Priſen ; but who be was, « altogether
den, Druid-ffones 3 but what ſtones they were that | uncertain. The other known by no particular title, but
have been thus call'd, is a queſtion I could not be | rhar of Kiſt-vaen or Stone-cheſt ; which « common to
thoroughly ſatisfied in, tho' 1 have made ſome enqui- | both, and ſeems to be @ name lateh grven them ; becauſe
Iy. The moſt remarkable ſtone-monuments now re- | rhey are ſomewhat of the form of large cheſts, from which
maining in this pariſh, are two of that kind we call | rhey chiefly differ in their opening or entrance. They ftand
Kiftieu maen or Stone- chefts ; whereof ſome have been | north and ſouth, and are each of them compoſed of ſeven
mention'd in other Counties, and ſeveral omitted as | fones. Of theſe, four being above ſix foot long, and about
not differing materially fro:m thoſe I had deſcrib'd. | a jard in _— are ſo placed as to ref the [quand
4 I
4a] Hat Kerrig y Dridion was ſo denomina-
| ted from Druids, ſeems highly proba-
—_—
2 _ —O— —"" —_ -
ORDEVICE
- aw —_— -- - a
o
J
W
-
—— _-- ——
—"— — —— ——
tamnel of a Chimmey : a fifth; which is not ſolong, but of
the ſame breadth, 1s pitch'd at the South end thereof, firmly |
— -—
lately difcover'd at a Stone-pir nzar Garvord in Berk.
ſhire, where they alfo find ſome pietes of Roman
to ſecure that paſſage. At the Noith-end is the entrance | Coyn; and ſometimes dig up skeletons of men, and
where the ſixth Ftone is the lid and eſpecial guard of this
cloſe confinement. But in regard 'tw as nee 10 remove
it when any perſon was impriſon'd or releas'd, it's not of
that weight as to be alone a ſufficient guard of the priſoner,
and therefore on the top-ſtone or uppermoſt of the four foſt
ieces of Arms and Armour. But it ay be oh.
jected, that a batce] being fought there berwixt the
Romans and Britains, as appears by the Bones and
Arms they diſcover , theſe glaſs-beads might as pro-
bably pertain to the latter. And indecd it ſeems
mention d, lyes the ſeventh, which 11 a waſt ſtone that with | to me very likely that theſe Snake-ftones (as we call
much force was remov'd towards the North-end, that wuh |
them) were uſed as charms or amulets among{t our
its weight it might faſten, and as it were claſp the door- | Druids of Britain, on the ſame occaſions as the Snake.
fone. Theſe, and the name of our pariſh, are ai! the me-
morials we have of the reſidence of thoſe ancient Philoſo-
phers the Druids, at leaſtwije all that tradition aſcribes to
them, &Cc.
Thus far the Letter : which makes it very proba-
ble that theſe are fome of the Stones ( if not all )
whence this pariſh receivd the name of Kerrig y|
Drudion; and adds not a little to Mr. Aubrey's con-
jecture, that thoſe rude Stones erected in a circular
order, fo common in this Itland, are alſo Druid-Mo-
* S&e Pen- Numents * : ſeeing that in the midlt of ſuch circles | cunt in ſublime jattari, Jagoque oportere intercip:, ne telly.
hrol:thne. we ſometimes find Stone ch-fts, not unlike thofe here | rem arrmmg at.
deicrib'd; as particularly that of Karn Lhechart ment
on'd in Glamorganſhire; which without all doubt was
delign'd for the ſame uſe with theſe. Bur that any of
them were uſed as Priſons in the time of the Druids,
does not at all appear from this account of them z
there being no other argument for it, than that one
of them is call'd Karchar Kynric Rwth ; whereas that
Kynric Rv%th, as I find in an anonymous Welſh wri-
ter #, was only a tyrannical perſon in this neighbour-
Tho. Price hood (of no antiquity in comparilon of the Druids)
ot Lhan who ſhutting up ſome that had affronted him in one
Tri > ws 4 ' . .
vylko Elq. of theſe Cells, occaſion'd it to be call'd his Priſon e
ver aſter, Whar uſe they were of in the time of the
Druids, we muſt leave to further enquiry ; but that
they really are ſome of their Monuments, I ſcarce que-
ſtion. Whether they were ever encompals'd with
+ A M5 in
the hands ot
| ezgs amonglt the Gaulith Druids.
| livd when thoſe Priefts were in reque!t,and ſw one
| of their Snake-eggs, gives us the like acconne of the
; Origin of them, as our common peop!e d:» of their
| Glain Neidr, which being but ſhore , may be added,
; that the Reader may With leſs trouble compare them
Praterea eff ovorum penns m mapra Galltarum fa- (1.
Angues imnumers £7ate convoluti, my
For Pliny , who
ma, omiſſum Grees, |
ſaliwvis faucium corporumque ſpumis artifict complexu pls.
merantur; angnimum appellatur. Druide ſibilis 1d dj.
Profugere raptorem equo : Serpentes enim
mſequi, donec arceantur ammis alicujus interventy. Expe-
rementum emu e[/e fi contra aquas fluitet wel auro vintum,
Atque ut eſt Mag orum ſolertia' vecultandis fraudrbus ſapar,
certa Luna capiendum cenſent, tanquam congruere oerati0-
| nem eam ſerpent um, bumant fit arbitriz. Vidi equidem id
; Owum mal: orticalati modict magnitudine, crvſt a cartila-
gems, velut accttabulis brachiorum Polypi erebris, inſigne
Druidis. Ad wittorias litum ac regum aditus mire lauda-
tur : tant vanitatis ut habemtem 1d im lite in ſinu equi-
ters Romanum e Vocontiis , 4 Divo Claudio principe inter-
emptum non ob aliud ſciam, 8c.
Thus we find it very evident, that the opinion of
the vulgar concerning the generation of theſe 4dder-
; beads or Snake-ſtones, 15 no other than a relique of the
Superſticion, or perhaps Impoſtor of the Druids. But
| whether theſe we call Snake-ſtones, be the very ſame
circles of ſtones like Karn Lhechart above-mention'd, | Amulets the Britiſh Druids made uſe of ; or whether
or with a wall as the Kift-viem on Mynydb y Drymmeu
in the 1112 County, 1s altogether uncertain. For in
this revolution of time, ſuch ſtones m.ght be carried
off by the neighbours, and applied to ſome uſe;as we
tind has been lately done in other places ||.
Theſe Druid-ſtones put me in mind of a certain
relique of their Doctrine, I have lately obſerv'd to
[| V. Ty
Ihmud at
Lhin Ha:n-
mwich,
Þ
cult it is to get rid of ſuch erroneous opinions as have
been once generally receiv'd (be they never fo ab-:
ſ{ur'd and ridiculous) may be teen at large in the ex-
cellent Treatiſe written upon that ſubje& by Sir Tho-
mas Brown. In moſt parts of Wales we find it a
common opinion of the vulgar, that about Midſum-
mer-Eve (tho' in the time they do not all agree) 'tis
«<> be yet retain'd amongſt the vulgar. For how diffi-
| this fabulous origin was aſcribed formerly to fome-
| thing elſe, and in after times applied to theſe glaſs-
| beads, I ſhall not undertake to determine ; tho' I
' think the former much more probable. As for Pli-
| ny's Owum anguinum, it can be no other than a .-ell
(either marine or foffil) of that kind we call L bs
nus marinus, whereof one fort ( tho? not the ſame he
deſcribes) is calld at this day in moſt parts ef Wales
where they are found, Wyeu'r mor, i. e. Sea-eggs. I
had almoſt forgotten to add, that ſometimes theſe
glaſs Annulets were ſtruck through a larger ring of
Iron, and that again through another much larger of
Copper, as appears by one of them found in the ri-
ver Cherwell near Hampton-Gag in Oxtord(hire,and
tigurd and deicrib'd by Dr. Plot in his Natural Hi- ,
ufual for ſnakes to meet in companies , and that by
joyning heads together and hifling,a kind of Bubble is
torm'd like a ring about the head of one of them,
which the reit by continual hifling blow on till ir
comes off at the tail, and then ic immediately har.
dens, and” refembles a glaſs ring ; which whoever
tinds (as foine old women and children are perſwa-
ſtory of chat County F. To th:ſe Amulets (but whe: |;
ther Britiſh or Roman I know not ) chat ſmall brals *+
Head |, figur'd numb. 18. muſt be referr'd ; which >;
was found in a Well ſomewhere in this Country, to-
gether with certain braſs Snakes , and ſome other fi /..
gures now loſt, all hung about a wire. jt
[| b] 1 doubt not but our Author has excited the ©
ded) ſhall proſper in all his undertakings. The rings
* G/ne, in they ſuppoſe to be thus generated, are call'd * Gleimeu
a wo Naadroedb, i. e. Gemme Anguine, whereot | have ſeen
--/\; In at ſeveral places about twenty or thirty. They are
{mall glaſs Annulets, commonly about half as wide
NN Giimor-
"4 Mon- As our finger-rings , but much thicker; of a green
an4{ Mon-
mozhihire colour uſually, tho' ſome of them are blue,and others
1 £1144 Curiouſly wav'd with blue, red, and white. 1 have
are call'd
Mz Magl. alſo feen two or three earthen rings of this kind, but
glaz'd with blue, and adorn'd with tranſverle ftreaks
or turrows on the out-fide. The ſmalleſt of them
might be ſuppoſed to have been glaſs-beads worn for
ornament'by the Romans'z becauſe ſome quantity of
them, cogecher with ſeveral Amber: beads, have been
Curioſity of moſt lovers of Antiquity, in mentioning
ſmall pillars inſcrib'd with ſtrange characters , ſuppoſed to
be thoſe uſed by the Druids. Bur it the following In-
{cription be one of thoſe he meant , twill ſcarce be
allow'd to be half fo old as their time, The pillar
whence 'twas copied is a hard, rough ſtone, fome-
what of a ſquare form, about ten foot mn
length ; and is now to be ſeen at Voelas, the place
where he informs us thoſe pillars were erected. The
Copy here inſerted was ſent me by my worthy friend
Mr. Griffith Fones, School-maſter of Lhan Rwſt, who
[ doubt not hath tranſcrib'd it from the Monument,
with great accuracy.
—
6865
O— — _ Mw
DENBIGHSHIRE
dGo [oF LIN
E 9 2 Tok) de Tin /1 D
FOIno/0/C:BR\
d
|
SF re e
| A a C @————— ——
WE.
y eeuKuhe 17? [VV
COIKO EPL Y-
ecCk-F©.08 OE. HE ® nd
FPUCPPS-RICF) E--0
8
| av
/ &e we Lt
This Inſcription is fo very obſcure and different
from all I have ſeen elſewhere , that it ſeems ſcarce
intelligible. However, I ſhall take the liberty of of-
fering my thoughts, which thc' they ſhould prove
erroneous, may yet give ſome hint to others todiſco.
ver the true reading. I have added under each Cha-
racter the Letters I ſuppoſe to be intended ; which if
I rightly conjecture make theſe words ;
Ego Fob de Tin i Dyleu Kuheli leuav
F'ord cudve Braech 3 Koed Emris
Lewels op priceps bic hs
_—
Which Ituppoſe, according to our modern Ortho-
graphy, muglht be written thus ;
Ego Foh:wnes de Ty'n y Dylau Gwydbelin leuaf,
[ ar | {fordd gydifan braich y coed Enrig——
Levelinus oftimus princeps hic bu
The meaning whereof is, That one Fohn, of the bouſe
of Dylen Gwychelen, &c. on the Road of Ambroſe-wood
Hill.eredted this Monument to the memory of the excellent
Prince, Lbewelin. But who this Lhewelyn was,l muſt
leave to be derermin'd by others. If any of che three
Princ:s of that name recorded in the Annals of Wales,
it mult be the firſt, or Lhewelyn ap Sitſy/bt, who was ſlain,
but where is not mention'd, by Howel and Aſredydb the
ſons of Edwyn, in the year 1021. For we find that
Lhewelyn ap forwerth was bonourably buried m the Abbey
, of Conwy, Anne 1240 *.and his Stone-coffin remov'd up-
on the diflolution,to the Church of Lhan Rw/#,where
tis yet to be ſeen. And that Lhewelyn ap Grufydb
'*\, the laſt Prince of Wales of the Britiſh Race, was
ſlain near Bwalbe in Brecknockſhire ; fo that his body
was in all likelyhood incerr'd ſomewhere in that
Country, tho' his head was fixt on the Tower of
London.
[c] The other Inſcription, our Author mentions
at Clocainog, is doubtleſs an Epitaph of fome Souldier
of note, who can be but very little, if at all later
than the Romans. This ſtone being yet preſerv'd in
the fame place, I have procurd a Copy of the In-
Iription from my ſingular Friend the Reverend Mr.
John Lloyd, School-matter at Ruthyn, which is here
added becauſe ſomewhat different frem that of Mr.
Cainden
The name Aimilinus, w2 are to underſtand, as the
ſame with s/Emilings, and tnat no other than e/Zmi-
anz, Thus amongſt Rein//o's Int riptions, p. 228.
we find M. AIMILIY>S tor A. «Emiliss. And
in the ſame Author, pag 550. w2 have wo or three
examples of the letter A. in che tame torm. with the
firit character of this In{cription. As for the ſecond
word, F an in ſome doubt whether we ought to read
a
it Towiſag or Toviſaci: it the former, ris Britiſh, and t Ty»yhe.
ſignifies a Leader or General | : and if the latter, it _—
le:ms only the ſame word latiniz'd. Mr.Lloyd adds, the vb
that the place where this ſtone lyes is call'd Bryn » lr hag
Bedbeu, which ſignifies the Hill of Graves, and that Latin Dux
there is near it an artificial Mount or Tamulas, call'd 9m Duce.
» Krig-Vrys , which may be englith'd- Barrow-hill |. br toag
Allo that on the Hills adjoyning there are ſeveral Cir- Annur. [<3].
cles of Stones 3 and inthe ſame neighbourhoad a place
call'd Rbis y Gadwa, or Battel field.
[d } There are divers old Forts or Entrenchments
in this County, that ſeem no lefs remark1hle, than
that our Author obſerv'd at Moe! Enlbi; fome of which
are mention'd in Mr. Lloyd's Letter. As firft, Pen
) Gaer vawy on Kader Dhimmael, diſtance about a
mile from Kerrig y Drudion ; which is a ciccular Diech
and Rampire of at leaſt 100 paces diameter. But what
ſeems moſt remarkable, is, that 'tis preſum'd to have
had once ſome kind of wall ; ed that the ſtones
have been long ſince carried away by the neighbours,
and applied to fome private uſes. Secondly , Kaer
| Dbyned, or as others, Kaer y Dhynod , which lyes ( as
| alſo Pen y Gaer) in the Pariſh of Lhan Vihangel.
| This is ſituate cloſe by the river Alwen , and is ra-
[ther of an oval form than circular. The Dike or
| Rampire conſiſts of a vaſt quantity of ſtones , at pre-
ſence rudely heap'd togecher, but whether formerly in
any better order, is uncertain. On the river ſide it's
about 3oo foot high perpendicularly, but nor half thac
height elſewhere. On the other ſide the river we
have a ſteep Hill, about twice the height of this Kaer
Dbjnod ; on which lyes Kaer-Vorwyn, 1. &. Maiden-
Fort, a large circular Entrenchment, and much more
artificial chan the former. This Kaer Dhynod (as Mr.
Lloyd {uppoſes) was in all likelyhood a Britiſh Camp,
ſeeing it agrees exactly with Tacitus's deſcription of
the Camp of King Caratacus, when he engaged O-
ftorius Scapula ſomewhere in this Country of the Or-
dovices—=-—Sumpto ad pralium loco, ut aditm, abſceſſm,
cunts nobis importuna, & ſums in melius eſſet : tunc mon-
tibus arduws, & ſi qua clementer accedi poterant, in mo-
dum alli ſaxa preſtruit : & prefluebat amnis vado in-
certo,&c ||. Thirdly, Dinas Melm y Wyz, which he « Tac.
{1ppoles to have been a Britiſh Oppidum,ic bing much Amnal.12.
ſuch a place as Czſar informs us they ca'!l'd ſo,in theſe ©**
words : Oppidum Britanni vocant cum Sylvas impedit as
vallo atque foſſa munierunt, quo incurſionis boſtium vitan-
de caula, convenire con{ueverunt *®. This place, as the + cz.
word Gwyg implies, 1s full of Woods, Dingles, ec. Com.liv 5.
The Fortification riſes about fifteen or twenty yards
where lowelt ; and is faced for the moſt part with a
cragey. Rock, and enconfpaſs'd with a deep Trench,
having two Entries calld d y Porth #cha and Porth iſa,
or the upper and lower Gares.
In the year 1622. Wilkam Vicount Fie/ding, Lord
St. Lis,and Baron of Newnham Padox,was created Earl
of Denbigh ; and was fucc-eded by Baſil his fon. To
whom ſucceeded Willam Fielding Earl of Deſmond, his
Nephew ; and at preſent it givesthe ſame ticle to the
Right Honourable Baſil Fielding.
FL IN Ts
Earls of
Denaigts
”
f WE EIT — —— —
—_
—
ORDEV7TICES..
Caer-wisk.
Capgrave.
FLINTSHIRE.
N th& North of Denbigh lyes Flintſhire,
a very ſmall County, of an oblong
form; waſll'd on the North by the
Iriſh Sea, or rather by a branch of ir
being the chanel of the Dee ; bounded
on the Eaſt by Cheſhire, and elſewhere
by Denbig hſhire. ;
We cannot properly call it mountainous, for it
only riſes gently with lower hills, and falls by de-
grees into fertil plains z which (towards the Sea eſpe-
cially) every firſt year they are plow'd, bear in lome
places Barley, in others Wheat, but generally Rye,
with at leaſt twenty-fold increaſe; and afterwards
Oars for four or five years. On the Weſt ic deſcends
to the Maritim part of the Vale of Cluid, and takes
up the upperend of that Vale.
In the Confines of this County and Denbighſhire,
Where the Mountains with a gentle declivity ſeem to
retire, and afford an eaſier paſs into the Vale, the Ro-
mans built, at the very entrance, a ſmall City, call'd
Var { a}; which Antoninws places 19 miles from Conowi
Valley at the mouth of chis river , does ſteni lower
than the Sea, yet it is never overtiown ; but by a na-
tural, tho* inviſible impediment , the water ſtands
on the very brink of the ſhore, to our juſt admiration
of Divine Providence.
The ſhore deſcending gradually Eaſtward from this
place, pales firſt by D:ſart caſtle, fo calld from its
lteep ſituation, or (as others will have it) quaſ# Deſert ;
and thence by Baſimgwerk , which alſo Henry the ſe-
cond granted co Hugh Beauchamp.
Under this place I view'd Hoh-wel, a ſmall Town ,,
where there's aWell much celebrated for the memory 7
of Winfrid a Chriſtian Virgin, ravilt'd here, and be. ,
headed by a Tyrant ; as allo for the mos it yields of *
a very {weet ſcent. Out of this Well a ſmall Brook
flows ( or rather breaks forth through the ſtones, on
which are ſeen I know not what kind of blood red
ſpots: ) and runs with ſuch a violent courſe, that im-
mediarely it's able to turn a mill. Upon this very
Fountain there's a Chapel, which with neat work-
manſhip, was hewn out of the live-Rock ; and a ſmall
um. This, without the leaſt diminution of its name, is | Church adjoyning thereunto, in a window whereof
call'd at this day BodVari *, which ſignifies the Manſi-
on of Varus ; and ſhews the ruins of a City, on a ſmall
hill adjoyning, call'd Moe y Gaer, i. e. the City-hill.
What the name ſignifies, is not evident. I have for-
merly ſuppos'd that Varia in the old Britiſh ſignified a
Paſ, and accordingly have interpreted Durnovaria,
and I/annevaria, The Paſſage of the water and of
Ianna. Nor does the ſituation of this T own contra-
dic my conjecture, it being ſeated at the only con-
venient Paſs through theſe Mountains.
Not three miles hence lyes Kaer-wyk; which name
tho' it favour much of Antiquity, yet 1 obſerv'd no-
thing there either ancient, or worth notice.
Below this YVars, the river Cluid runs throughthe
Vale, and is immediately joyn'd by Elwy, at the con-
fluence whereof there's a Biſhop's See, call'd in Bri-
tiſh from the name of the river, Lhan Elwy ; in Eng-
liſh from the Patron, St. Aſaph, and in Hiſtorians Eps/-
copatws Aſapbenſis. Neither the Town is memorable
jor its neatneſs, nor the Church for its ſtructure or
elegancy ; yer in regard of its antiquity, it is re
quiftite we ſhould mention it. For abour the year
5650. Kentigern Biſhop of Glaſcow fleeing from Scor-
land, inſticured here an Epiſcopal Seat and a Mona-
ſtery, placing therein ſix hundred and fixty three
Monks ; whereof three hundred being illicerate, were
appoimeed for tilling the Land ; the ſame number for
other enmpployments within the Monaſtery ; and the
reſt for Divine Service: and all theſe he fo diſtributed
into Convents, that ſome of them attenced at pray-
ers continually. Upon his return afterwards into | Qu
Scotland, he appointed Aſaph , a molt upright and
devout man, Governour of this Monaſtery ; from
whom ir receiv'd irs preſent name. The Biſhop of
this Dioceſe has under his juriſdiction about 128 Pa-
riſhes; the Eccleſiaſtical Benefices whereof (in caſe of
VaCancy in the See, ) untilthe time of Henry the 8.
were in the diſpoſal of the Arch-biſhop, by the Ar-
chiepiſcopal right, which is now a Prerogative of
the Crown. For fo we find ic recorded in the Hi-
ſtory of Canterbury.
Higher up, Rbudblan, ſo calld from the reddiſh
bank of the river Cluid where 'tis ſeated, ſhews a
very fair Caſtle, but almoſt decay'd with age. Twas |
built by Lhewelyn ap Sirfilbt, Prince of Wales; and firſt |
wreſted out of the Welihmens hands by Robert de:
Ruthlan, ( | nephew of Hugh E. of Chelter) and for- |
tified wich new works, by the ſaid Hugh's Lieutenant. |
Affferwards as the Abbot de Monte informs us, King ,
Henry the ſecond having repair'd this Caſtle, gave it
to Hugh Beauchamp [b]. Below this Caſtle, the ri-
ver Cluid is diſcharged into the Sea, and tho' the |
is painted the Hittory and Execution of St. Winif-id *.
Giraldus * writes that in his time there was not far
from hence « rich ve of filver, where ( lays he) in
ſearch of that metal——ltum eſt in viſcera terrz | c].
T hat part of this Country, becauſe it affords the moſt
pleaſant proſpe&, and was long ſince reduced by the
Engliſh, was call'd by the Britains 7g-Eingl, which
ſignifies Fair England. Bur whereas a certain Author
has call'd it Tegenia, and ſuppoſes the Jger; dwelt there,
ler the reader be cautious how he aſſents to it. For
that worthy Author was deceiv'd by a corrupt name
of the Icens.
From the ſhore at this place, we fee Flint-caftle, ....
which gave name to this County ; begun by King
Henry 2. and finiſh'd by Edward 1. 3, Beyond that,
on the eaſtern limit of the County, next Cheſbtre, lies
Hawarden-caſtl, near the ſhore, call'd eommonly Har- 114
den * ; out of which when Devidb, brother of Prince , ,..,
Lhewelyn, had led captive Roger Clifford Juſticiary mt
of Wales; he brought a moſt diſmal war on himlelfy*,
and his countrymen, whereby their Dominion in *
Wales was wholly overthrown. This caſtle, which
was held by Senelcalſhip of che Earls of Cheſter, was
the ſeat of the Barons of Aownt-baulr, who became a 6,wd
very illuſtrious family ; and bore azure a Lion ram- vi
pant argent : and alſo encreasd their honour, by
marriage with Cecilia one of the daughters of Hugb
D' Albany Earl of Arundel. Bur the itlue-male being
at la(t extin&, Robert, the laſt Baron of this family
(as we have mention'd already ) made it over to
ueen [/abella, wite of King Edw. 2. but the poſſefli-
on of the caſtle was afterwards transferr'd to the Star
leys, who are now Earls of Derby.
Below thele places, the ſouth part of this Country
's water'd by the little river A4/en, near which, on a
mountain at a village call'd K:/ken, there's a fprin
which like the fea ebbs and flows at fer times { d |.
On tkis river Alen lies Hope caſtle, call'd in Welſh yo
Kaer Gwrle, (into this King Edward 1. retired when
the Wclſh had furpriz'd his Army: ) near which
there are milſtones hewn out of a rock : and likewiſe wilt
Meld, calld in Britiſh 7 Wydbgrig, the caſtle former-
ly of the Barons of Monthault | e] ; both which ſhew
many tokens of antiquity. Near Hope, whilſt I was
drawing up theſe notes, a certain Gardener digging
ſomewhat deep, diſcoverd a very ancient work; con-
cerning which, ſeveral have made various conjeures :
but whoever conſults M. Virruvias Pollio, will find it
no other chan the beginning of a Hypocauſt of the Ro-
mans,who growing luxurious as their wealth increas'd,
uſed Baths very much. It was five ells long, four guls
broad, and about half an ell in height ; encompab'd
—Y
' How her h:ad was cut off, and ſet on agam by S. Benno. * Who yet knew not thu well. 3 Where King Richard 2. circumvented by th
who ſhould bave b:on mott trufty, was cunningly induced ts renounce the crown, as tmable, for certain difefts, to rule; and was delivered into 18
hands of Henry of Lancaſter Duke of Hereford, who ſoon after claimed the Kingdom and Crown, brirg then woid by his ceſſion, as his inheritance dt-
jcunded from King Henry 3. and to this hu deviſed claim the Parliament aſſcnied, and he was +jiablijbed i the K ing am.
T
with
— _— ——
LINTSHIRE.
—_—
669
with walls hewn out of the live-rock. The floor was
of brick ſet in mortar; the roof was ſupported with
brick pillars ; and conſiſted of poliſh'd tiles, which
at ſeveral places were perforated : on theſe were laid
certain brick tubes, which carried off the force of
the heat ; and thus, as the Poet faith, YVohuebant bypo-
cauſta PR Now who can ſuppoſe but that they
were ſuch Hypocaufts,which Giraldus ſo much admired
at Kaer Lheim in Monmouthſhire ; when he writ
thus of the Roman works there : And which ſeems more
particularly remarkable, you may ſee there ſeveral ftoves,
contriv/d with admirable hill, breathing heat inſenſibly
through ſmall pipes, 8c. Whoſe work this was, ap- | firſt Normans that ſubdued this County, Whence in
pears by this Inſcription on ſome tiles there, LEGIO | ancient records we read, That the County of Flint ap-
XX. for the twentieth Legion which was ſtiled Y;- | pertameth to the dignity of the ſword of Cheſter : and the
trix,” as we have ſhewn already, lay in garriſon at | eldeſt ſons of the Kings of England, were formerly
Cheſter, ſcarce ſix miles hence. | tiled Earls of Cheſter and Flint, But when it was
|
Near unto this river Alen, in a narrow place beſet [added to the Crown, King Edward 1. ſuppoſing it policy of
&. wich woods, lies Coleſhull, call'd by Giraldus Colls Car- | very advantageous, as well to maintain his own, as £4: l.
bonarims, Or a Cole-hill. Where when King Henr. 2. | to bridle the Welſh ; kept this and all the maritim
had made all diligent preparation to give battel to the | parts of Wales in his own hands; and diſtributed
Welſh ; the Engliſh, by reaſon of their diſorder'd | the inland countreys to his Nobles, as he thoughe
multicude, were defeated, and the King's ſtandard | convenient : imitating herein the policy of Auguſtws
was forſaken by Henry of Eſſex, who, by right of | Cz/ar, who himſelf undertook the charge of the out-
inheritance, was ſtandard-bearer to the Kings of | ward and moſt potent Provinces ; permitting the
England. Whereupon being charged with treaſon, ' reſt to the govgrnment of Preconſuls by lot. And this
and overcome by his adverſary in a duel, and his he did with a | cs of defending his Enipire, but in
eſtate forfeited to the crown ; he was fo much aſha- rezlity, that he might keep the Armies under his own
retir'd into a Monaſtery. |
There is another ſmall part of this County, on this
ſide Dee, in a manner wholly divided from the reſt,
call'd Engliſh Maelor ; whereof we. have taken notice gngiit;
in Cheſhire, when: we gave ſome ,account of Ban. Marlor.
gor | f ], and therefore need not repeat here what we
have written already. Nor remains there any thing
to be mention'd except Han-mere, ſeated by a lake or tan-mere
mear ; whence that ancient and honourable family
that dwells there, took the name of Hanmer.
The Earls of Chefter, by light skirmiſhes with the Exrls of
Welſh as occaſion and opportunity offer'd, were the <tr.
med of his cowardiſe, that he put on a hood, and
This Count 'y hath
ADDITIONS to
gu.
,
4
».
tether che ancient Vars was
ſeated at the ſame place we call
Bod Farri, I ſhall not diſpute :
but the name of AMoel y Gaer
—»
vV
(which our Author interprets the City-hill ) ſeems
but a ſlender confirmation of ic. For we cannot
doubt but that place receiv'd ic's name from the for-
tification or entrenchments that are yet to be ſeen
there ; the word Kaer ( as we have already hinted )
ſignifying ſtrictly, only a Wal, Fortref, or Encloſure ;
which being prefix d to the names of Roman towns,
becauſe fortified, has occaſion'd ſeveral to ſuppoſe the
genuine ſhgnification of it to be & Town or Cy.
We have divers camps on our mountains call'd Kaeres,
where we have not the leaſt grounds to ſuſpet that
ever any Cities were founded ; and in ſome places I
have obſerv'd the Churchyard-wall to be call'd Kaer
7 Vynwent : nor does it ſeem improbable that this Kaer
was deriv'd originally from Kaz, which ſignifies ro
ſhut up, or encloſe. This fortification is exactly round,
and about 160 paces over: we may frame an idea of
it by ſuppoſing a round hill with the top cur off, and
ſo made level. All round it, the earth is cais'd in
manner of a Parapet, and almoſt oppoſite to the
Avenue there is a kind of Tumulus or artificial
Mount.
command.
only 28 Pariſhes.
FLINTSHERE.
latiniz'd, we find they generally either retain'd the
conſonants, or changed them*for letters of the fame
organ. However, though I cannot acquieſce in this
Ery mology of Yars, yet I dare not afſign any other,
as not knowing any Britiſh word that comes near it,
except Gwair (for 'tis a rule confirm'd by at leaſt
forty examples, that where the Romans uſe the let-
ter v. the Britains have gw.) which having no other
fignification than Hay, makes lictle to our purpoſe.
[b] Art Rhudblan (though it be now a mean vil-
lage) we find the manifelt ſigns of a conſiderable
town: as, of the Abbey and Hoſpital ; and of a gate
at leaſt half a mile from the village. One of the tow-
ers in the Caltle is calld Twr y Brenin, i. e. King's
tower ; and below the hill, upon che bank of the ri-
ver, we find another apart from the Caſtle, call'd
Twvr Silod. Offa King of Mercia, and M'redyth
King of Dyved, died in the battel fought at Rhudblan,
in the year 794. Þ.
a rapid ſtream, that ſome ingenious perſons have
ſuſpected it to be rather a ſubterraneous rivulet which
the miners might have turn'd to that chanel, than a
ſpring ; it being their common practice, when they
meet with under-ground Currents in their work, to
dive:t them to fome Swallow. And this ſuſpicion they
+ Vaugh.
[c] The water of Holywel breaks forth with ſuch M5:
confirm with an obſervation, that after much rain
the water often appears muddy, and ſometimes of a
bluiſh colour, as it it had waſh'd ſome Lead-mine,
© At this Moel y Gaer, Howel Gwynedb F, ( who fi-
: ded with Owen Glyndwr againit King Henry 4. )
x9 © was beheaded. He was one who for a long time
* annoy'd the Engliſh of his neighbourhood ; bur be-
"ing taken at length by his enemies of the town of
* Flmt, and beheaded at this place, his eſtate was
* diſpoſed of to one Saxton. Before him, one Owen
© ap Aldud had alſo oppoſed the Engliſh in theſe bor-
or proceeded from Tobacco-pipe clay : adding far-
ther, that this ſeems to have happen'd fince the time
of Giraldus Cambrenſis, it oy not likely that fo no-
ble a fountain would have ct:aped his obſervation,
had it then exiſted. But chough we ſhould granc
*ders; who by force of arms kept all Tegaing! un-
* der his ſubje&ion for about three years, until ſuch
* time as. he had obtain'd full pardon.
I can add nothing in confirmation of our Author's
conjecture, that the word Varia ſignified anciently a
Paſſage; nor can I perceive on what grounds he firſt
lulpeRed it, unleſs he ſuppoſed the Romans might
coyn it out of the Bricilh Fordb, which ſignifies a way :
t it ſzerus a little too hard the letter d ſhould be
wholly omitted ; for in ſuch Britiſh names as they
that Giraldus might negle& the taking notice of fo
' extraordinary a Current ; yet we have good grounds
'to aſſent to Dr. Powel's opinion, that 'twas not fre-
quented by Pilgrims at that time, nor at all celebra-
'red for miraculous cures, or the memory of St. Beuno
and Winifrid, who yet liv'd above five hundred years
before ||]. For ſeeing we find that Author, through
out the whole courſe of his Journey, was particularly
curious and inquiſitive about miraculous fountains,
ſtones, bells, chains, &c. we have no reaſon to pre-
X x | fume,
1D. Poveli
ad
Grraldi
Camb, Irin.
Cambriz,
L $1. C. 8,
O R
fume, had this place been noted at that i: ce
for Winifrid's being reſtord to life by St. 1-45, and
the miraculous origin of the Fountain the:cupon ; or
for any ſoveraign virtue of the water in healing Di-
ſeaſes ; but he would take care to deliver ſome ac-
count of it to poſterity : eſpecially conſidering that
he lodg'd one night at Baſingwerk, within half a mile
of this place. From hence Dr. Powel very rational-
ly infers, that the Monks of Baſingwerk , who were
Lunded above one hundred years after, were (tor
their own private ends) the firſt broachers of theſe
fabulous miracles. For (ſays he) before the foundation
of that Abbey (which was in the year 13 12.)no wri-
ter ever made mention of the Romantic origin and
miracles of this Fountain. But | refer the Reader to
his own words, more at large, in the place above-
cited ; being for my own part, of their opinion who
think ſuch frivolous Superſtitions, are coo much
honour'd, when we uſe arguments to confute
them.
Of this St. Beuno, who was founder of the Abbey
of Klynog Vawr in Caernarvonſhire, as allo of En-
»ian who built the Church of Lhan Ennian Vrenin
in the ſame Country , I find ſome account in Mr.
Vaughan's Annotations on the Hi#tory of Wales ,
EV 1CES,
flowing Well, mention'd by our Author to be near
Kilken ; a worthy Gentleman I conſulted on this oc-
caſion, informs me that 'tis indeed in the Pariſh of
Kilken , but nothing near Kilken-Church or the 11.
ver Alen ; and that it neither ebbs nor flows at pre.
ſent, tho' the general report is that it did fo tormer]y
But whereas Dr. Powel (whom our Author and ».
thers ſeem to have follow'd) ſuppoſes this ro be the
Fountain to which Giraldus Cambrenſis afſcrib'd that
quality ; he is of another opinion , ſuſpecting rather
that Giraldus meant Fynnen A//av, a noble Spring, to
which they allo attribute the ſame Phanomenan * * 6.
But ſeeing that Author (tho! a learned and very cy. © ©
rious perſon for the time he livd) is often either errg c.
neous or leſs accurate in his Phy tiological Odbſervyati-
| ons, it's but ſeldom worth our while to diſpute his
' meaning on ſuch occaſions.
[e] The preſent name of Mold 1 ſuppole to be an
abbreviation of the Norman AMonm-haulr, and that no
Other than a tranſlation of the Britiſh name Gwy4h.
| 8's which ſignifies a conſpicuors Mount or Barrow ;
| tor tho' the word Gwydb be not uſed in that ſenſe at
| preſent, yet that it was {» anciently is manifeſt from
| tome names of places, the higheſt Mountain in Wales
being call'd x #ydb va }, and the highelt Stone-pillar +;.:,
|
i
|
|
:
|
which tho' not ſo pertinent to this place, I ſhall | or Monument I have ſeen there, calld Hir-waey ©
add here however, as being willing to make uſe of gwydbog || ; fo that there being a conſiderable Krig at c...
the leaſt occaſion of publiſhing any Notes of an Au-
thor ſo well acquainted with the Antiquities of his
Country.
St. Beuno, to whom the Abbey of Clynog was de-
Viughan's dicated, was the ſon of Hy wgi ap Gwynlliw ap Glywis
MS3. Notes ap Tegid ap Cadell, a Prince or Lord of Glew:/ig, bro-
os Hittory. ther's ſon to St.Cadoc ap Gwynlliw, ſometime Biſhop of Be-
neventum # ſtaly : he was by the mother's ſide, Couſin
German to Laudatus the firſt Abbot of Enlli ( «n Engliſh,
Bardſey) and to Kentigern Biſhop of Glaſco in Scotland,
and of Llm Elwy in Wales. The ſaid Kentigern's Fa-
ther was Owen Regent of Scotland, and ſon of Urien
King of Cumbria. Beuno having rawu'd to life , as the
tradition goes, S. Winifrid ( who was put to death by one
C'radoc @ Lord in North-Wales, becauſe ſhe would not
nield ro bis unchatt difires) was much reſpeFed by King
Cadvan, who gave him Lands, whereon to build a Mo-
naſtery. Cadwalon Cadvuan's ſon beſtow'd alſo other Lands
on him, call'd Gwareddog ; where having begun to build
a Church, a woman came to him with a child in her
arms, and rold him thoſe Lands were the inh-ritance of
that Infant. TVhereat Beuno being much concern'd, gave
orders ſhe ſhould follow him to Caer Seiont ( calld by the
Romans Segontium, and now Caernarvon) where King
Cadwallon reſided. When he came before the King be told
bim with a great deal of zeal, he bad done ill, to devote
to God's ſervice ſuch Lands as were not his own lawful poſ-
ſeſſions, and demanded he would return a golden Scepter bs
bad given bim as a conſideration for the ſaid Lands ;
which when the King refuſed, he was excommunicated by
him. Beuno having pronounced hu ſentence againſt him,
departed ; but Gwyddaint, who was Couſin German to
thu Prince Cadwellon, being inform'd of what had hap-
pen'd, follow'd after him ; and overtaking bim, pave bim
( for the good of his own ſoul and the King's) the Townſhip
of Clynnoc vawr, which was bu undoubred mberitance ;
where Beuno built a Church about the year of our Lord 616.
about which time Cadvan died, leaving hs ſon Cadwallon
ro ſucceed him. Some tell us Beuno reſtor d St. Winifs id
ro life in the year 644. but ( whatever we may think of
the miracle) that time us not reconcileable to the truth of
Hiſtory.
Net long before ths time, Eneon Bhrenin or Anianus
Rex Scotorum,se Prince in the North of Britain, leaving
his Rejalty,came to Llyn i*= Gwynedd, where be bui!t 4
Church, which at this day is call d from bim TL\an Ein-
gan Bhrenin, where be ſpent im God's ſervice the remain-
der of his days. King Eneon was the ſon of Owen Dan- |
wyn 2p Eneon Yrth, ap Cunedha Wledig King of
Cambria, and @ great Prince in the North, He was.
Coufin German to Maelgwn Gwynedh King of Britain, ,
whoſe father was Caſwallos Law-hir brother to Owen
Danwyn. ' The ſaid Mael-gwn died about the year of our
Lord 586. Medif,daugbter ro Voylda ap Talw traws of
Nan-conwy, was Maelgon's Mother,&CC.
[4] Concerning Fynnon leinw, or the ebbing and
| this place (for fo they call artificial Mounts or Bar. | ©
| rows in South-Wales ) we may lately conclude it <..\;
thence denominated, Pal
Near this Town, as the learned * Ulher ſuppoſes, ;..-
| was that celebrated victory (which he calls Y;#oria 6":
| Allelwatica, for that the Pagans were put to flight by (,,*
| the repeated ſhouts of Alleluia) obtain'd by the Bri- *':.
tains under the condutt of Germanus and Lupms,againit \*=
the Pits and Saxons. Adding, that in memory of*:z
that miraculous victory, the place is call'd at this **
day Maes Garmon,or St. German's Field. And where. ' \
as it may be objected, That ſeeing 'tis allow'd St.Ger- ;;;
man died in the year 435. 'twas impoſſible he ſhould i=:
lead the Britains in this Iſland againit the Saxons, tor ..**
that Hengiſt and Horſa arriv'd not here ill 449 |. <*!
He anſwers that long before their time ( as appears :...:
from Ammianus Marcellmus, Claudian, &c.) the Saxons tir:
made frequent inroads into this Iſland. -
It will not perhaps be unacceptable to the Curious, |
{if we take notice here of ſome delineations of the *\!
leaves of Plants, that are found upon ſinking new cr:
Coal-pits in the Townſhip of Leewood in this pa- '***
riſh.Theſe(tho' they are not much minded) are found
probably in moſt other parts of England and Wales,
where they dig Coal ; at leaſtwiſe I have oblery'd
them at ſeveral Coal-pits in Wales, Gloceſterſhire,
and Somerſerſhire ; and have ſeen conſiderable varie-
ty of them, in that excellent Mu'zum of Natural Bo-
dies, colleted by Mr. William Cole of Briſto}, as allo
amongſt Mr. Beaumont's curicus Colleftion of Mi-
nerals. They are found generally in that black (lar,
or (as the Workmen call it) the /lag or cleft which lyes
next above the Coal ; fo that in linking new Pats,
when theſe mock-plants are brought up, they are apt
to conclude the Coal not far off, "Theſe are not
ſuch faint reſemblances of leaves. as to require any
fancy to make our the compariſon, like the Pierrs
imboſchata, or Landskip-tone of cl:ie Italians ; but do
exhibit the whole form and texture more compleatiy
than can be done by any Artiſt, unleſs he cakes off
| their impreflions from the life, in ſome fine paſte or
| clay. I ſay, reſemblances of leaves, becauſe among(t
' all the ſtones I have ſeen of this kind, I have hitherco
| obſerv'd none delineated with any roots or flowers,
bur always either pieces of leaves or whole ones; or
elle (which happens but ſeldom ) ſome ſingular fi-
' gures, which I know not what bodies to compare
'to. Such as thoſe I have ſeen from theſe Coal-pits
( and the ſame may be ſaid of others in general ) do
for the moſt part reſemble the leaves of capillary
Plants, or thole of the fern-kind : but our obſerratt-
ons in this part of Natural Hiſtory, are as yet in their
infancy ; and we know not but the bowels of the
Earth, were it poflible to ſearch them , might afford
as great variety of theſe mock-plants , as the ſurface
contains of thole we eſteem more perfe&, However,
* #®
i ”'s.
% w
.
4
"4
:
|
this
—> <> —— --
FLINTSHIRE,
this I ſhall venture to affirm, that theſe Plants (what:
ever may be their origin ) are as diſtinguiſhable into
Species, As thoſe produced in the Surface. For altho?
we find (as yet) no reſemblance of flowers or ſeeds,
yet the form and texture of theſe leaves, which are
always conſtant and regular, will ſoon diſcover the
Species tO ſuch as have any skill in Plans, or will take
the crouble to compare them nicely with each others.
For example ; I have obſerv'd amongſt the ruble of
one Coalpit, ſeven or eight Species of Plants, and of
each Species twenty or more Individuals.
Whoever would prove theſe Subterraneons Leaves an
effe& of che univerſal Deluge, will meet with the
{ame difficulties (not to mention others, ) as occur
to thoſe who aflign that origin to the foflil ſhells,
teeth and vertebrz of fiſh, Crabs claws, Corals and
S2a-muſhrooms, fo plentifully difpersd , not only
throughout this Iſland, but doubtleſs in all parts of the
World. For as amongſt the foflil ſhells of England,
we find the greateſt part, of a figure and ſuperficies
totally differcnt from all the ſhells of our own Seas ;
and ſome of them from all thoſe, the moſt curious
Nacuraliſts have hitherto procured from other Coun-
treys : ſo amongſt cheſe Plants, we find the majority
not reconcileable with thoſe produced in this Coun-
ry, and many of them totally different from all
Plants whatever , that have been yet deſcrib'd. But
chat the Reader may not wholly rely on my Judg-
ment herein, I have :dded three figures of ſuch leaves,
out of a Coal-pit belonging to the Demeans of Eaghe's-
Buſh near Neath in Glamorganſhire.
Fig. 27. repreſents a Leaf of a Plant which 1
Wh 5s totally different from any yet deſcrib'd. it's
about ſix inches long, but ſeems to be broken off at |
each end, and almoſt ewo in breadth. The four ribs
are a little prominent, ſomewhat like that of Harts-
tongue ; as are allo the three orders of CharaFers, be-
twixt thoſe ribs, which ſeem in ſome ſort to anſwer
the ſeeds of ſuch Plants as are call d dorſiferous, as
thoſe of the Hart's-Tongue or Fern-kind.
Fig. 28. reſembles a branch of the common fe-
ma'z Fern, and agrees with it in ſuperficies and pro
portion, as well as hgure.
Fig. 29. expretſes the common Poly
not fo exactiy as the 28th imitates the female Fern.
This is an elegant Specimen, having the middle rib very
prominent, and that of each leaf rais'd proportiona-
bly ; four inches long, and an inch and a quarter
broad.
| tind theſe Mineral Leaves are not only
y , tho'!
uc'd
in the Coal-ſlats, but ſometimes in other Foflils ; for!
I have formerly obferv'd of them in Marl-pits near
Kaer-wys in this Coungy, which in ſome mealure re-
ſembled Oak-leaves: And amongſt that valuable Col
le&tion of Minerals repoſited in the Aſhmolean. a2a«-
ſeum, by Dr. Robert Plot, I find a Specimen of Iron-
ore out of Shropſhire, delineated wich a branch of
lome undeſcribed Plane, which from the texcure 'of
the leaves I ſhould be apt to refer te the capillary
= Tribe; tho' the figure (as the Door obſerves in his
"gy Catalogue) ſeems rather to reſemble Box-leaves t.
Bur 1 ſhall add no more on this-ſubjec, as expeRing
ſhortly a parcicular Treatiſe of the origin of form'd
Stones and other Foflils , from an ingenious perſon ,
who for ſome years has been very diligent + collec-
ing the Minerals of England, and ( as..jar 'as F am
capable-of judging ) no leſs happy in his Diſcoveries,
(f] I find ſome mention of this Bangor I-koed
( for 1o tis generally call'd to diſtinguiſh it from Ban-
gor in Caernarvonthire) in that
theſe Welſh Counties. Bangor Monachorum (faith he)
ſo call d from the famous Monaſtery that way once there,
lzes fituate in Maelor Seiſing, or Bromfield, ,” not far
fom K
|:ſide of ours, feem nothing
uſcripe of Mr. :
Robert Vaughan's of Hengwret;, fo often, guored in
acer Lheion, or MWeſt-cheſter. Both Town
and Monaſtery bath ſo felt the injuries of time, that at
thus day there are hardly any ruins of them remaining.
For we find now only a ſmall Village of the name, and 10
footſteps of the old City , except the rubbiſh of the tw3o
principal Gates Porth Kleis and Porth Wgan ; the for-
mer looking towards England, and the latter towards
Wales. are about a mile diftant from each other ,
whence we may conjetfure the extent of the City , which
lay between theſe two Gates, the river Dec running through
the midſ# of it. The old Britiſh Triades tell ws , that in
the time of the Britiſh Kings there were in the Mona#tery
of Bangor 2400 Menks, who. in their turns (Viz. @ bun-
dred each bour of the 24) read Prayers and ſuns Pſalms
continually, ſo that Dime Service was perform'd day and
night without intermiſſion, CC.
&. It remains now that we make ſome mention of
that
Moltyn-mountain, repreſented in the Plate by the
firſt and ſecond figures. It ſtands on the evenelt parc
of the mountain, and is in height eleven foot and
three inches above the Pedeſtal ; rwo foot and four
inches broad ; and eleven inches thick. The Pede-
{tal is five foot long, four and a half in breadth, and
about fourteen inches thick : and the Monument be-
ing let thorow it, reaches abour five inches below the
bortom ; fo that the whole length of it is about thir-
teen foot.
The firſt figure repreſents the Eaſt-ſide, and thac
edge which looks to the South ; and the ſecond the
\\ eſtern-ſide with the North-edge ; tho' the Sculp-
cures on theſe edges are grav'd as if they were no part
of che ſtone.
When this Monument was erected , or by what
Nation, I muſt leave to farther enquiry ; however, I
chought it not amiſs to publiſh theſe draughts of it, as
luppoling there may be more of the ſame kind in
ſome parts of Britain or Ireland or elſe in other Coun-
tries; which being compar'd with this, it might per-
haps a what Nations uſed them, and upon what
occaſions. Dr. Plot in his Hiſtory of Staffordſhire,
| gives us the draughts of a Monument or ewo which
agree very well with it in the chequer'd carving, and
might therefore poflibly belong to the ſame Nation ||.
Thote he concludes to have been ereted by the
Danes, for that there is another very like them at
Beau-Caſtle in Cumberland, infſcribd wich Runick
Characters, which is preſurtyd to have been a Fune-
ral Monument *. But the Characters on the Eaſt.
like the Runic , or an
other letters I have ſeen, but-reſemble rather the nu-
meral figures. 1221. tho' I conſe. I am (o little ſatiſ-
fied | with the meaning, of them, that 1 know nor
| wherher they were ever intended to be fignificative.
Within a furlong or leſs of this Monument, there is
an acrtificiatMount or Barrow (whereof there are al-
ſo aboyt twenty more ia thisneighbourhood, call'd y
Gorſedbeu) where there have- been formerly a great
raany: carcales and skulls diſcover'd , ſome of which
were Cut ; -one or two particularly had round
holes in we 35 if pierged with an arrow : upon
which account this pillar. has been ſuſpe&ed for a
Monument of ſome ſignal. victory ;- and the rather
for that upon digging five or fix foot under it, no
bones were diſcover'd, nor any thing elle that might
give occaſion to ſulpet ie Sepulchral.
This, monumental Pillar is call'd Maen x Chwyvan,
a name no les obſcure than the Hiſtory of it ; for
cho' the former word ſignifies 'a Srone, yet no man
underſtands the meaning of Chayvan. Were it Gy-
ven, I ſhould conclude it corrupted from Gwy4b-
warn, i. e. the bagh Pillar: but lecing 'tis written
Maen y Chufan in an old Deed bearing date 1388.
(which ſcarce differs in pronunciation from Chwywvan)
| dare not acquieſce in that Etymology, tho' at pre-
ſent I can think of none more probable,
PRINCES
Maen y
remarkable Monument or carv'd Pillar on ©»:
| Plot's
vat Hiſt. of
Statt»rd-
ſhire,p.404-+
& 432.
* Phil.
y Tranſat.
Num. 17 8.
PRINCES of WALES.
tration, I refer the Reader t0 the Annals of | ſelf) on bis young ſon Edward ; who being taken in the
Wales already publiſhd : but for the later | battel of Tewkesbury, had his brams daſh'd out cruelly by
Princes of the Royal line of England, it ſeems | the York-Party. Not long after, K. Edward the fourth
pertinent to 0:7 deſign, that we add bere a ſhort account being ſettÞd im the throne, created bis yourg ſon Edward
of them. ( afterwards Edward the fi'h ) Prince of Wales. And ſoon
Edward the firft, (to whom, during bu _— bu | after, his Uncle Richard, having diſpatch'd him away,
father Henry the third had granted the Principality of | ſubſtituted im bis place his own ſon Edward, created Earl
Wales) having (when Lhewelyn ap Grufydh the latt | of Salizbury before by Edward the fourth, but died
Prince of the Britiſh blood was ſlain) cut off in a manner | ſoon after (which I have but lately diſcover'd). Afterward;
the ſmews of the Government, or ſovereignty of that Natr- | Henry the ſeventh conſtituted firſt bis ſon Arthur Prince
on, united the ſame to the Kingdom of Englavd inthe 12th of Wales, and after bis deceaſe, Henry , famews after.
year of hu reign : and the whole Province ſwore fealty and | wards under the title of Henry the 8. On all theſe the
allegiance to hu ſon Edward of Caernarvon, whom be con- | Principality of Wales was conferr'd by ſolemn Inveſtiture,
ftituted Prince of Wales. But this Edward the ſecond con- | and a Patemt delivver'd them im theſe words ; Tenendus
ferr'd not the title of Prince of Wales on bis ſon Edward, | ſibi & haredibus Regibus Angliz, &c. For in theſe
but only the honour of Earl of Cheſter and Flint ; as far | times the Kings would not deprive themſelves of ſo fair an
as I could yer learn out of the records of the Kingdom '. | opportunity of oblig ing their eldeFt ſons, but thought it pru-
Edward the third, firft ſolemnly inveſted his ſon Edward, | den:e to engage them with ſo great an bonour, when it
firnam'd the Black, with this title * ; who, in the wery | ſeem'd mo#t convenient.
height of grandeur, died an untimely death. After that be| Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward, the children of Hemy
conferr'd the (ame on his ſon Richard of Bourdeaux, bezr | the eighth, although they recei/d not the Inveſt iture and
to the crown ; who being depriv/d of his Kingdom by K. | Patent, were yet ſucceſſively ſti d Princes of Wales. For
Hen. 4. died miſerably, leaving no iſſue. The ſame Henry | at that time Wales was by Att of Parliament ſo united and 1; i
the fourth * conferr'd the Principality of Wales on bis eldeH | incorporated with England, that they enjoy d the ſame Laws
fon, who was that renowned Prince Henry the fifth. His | and Privileges * But now let us return out of Wales into
ſon Henry the ſixth, whoſe father died whilſt be was an England, and proceed tv the Country of the Brigantes.
1 And by that title ſummon'd him to Parliament, being then nine years old. * With a Cap of Eſtate, and a Coroner ſet on his head,
| Afterward * gold Ring pur upon his fhnger, and a || ftilver Verge deliver'd inco his hand , with the aflent of Parliament. 3 Ar the formal re-
Ao ied uelt of the Lords and Commons. + Or that you may rcad it abridg'd out of the Act of Parliament. ** The Kings Country or Dominion of Wales,
<2 +: cf [1 Rand and continue for ever incorporated, united, and annex'd to and with the Realm of England ; and all and fingular perſon and perſons, born
wc 7 and to be born in the ſaid Priacipalny, Country, or Dominion of Wales, ſhall have, enjoy, and inberit, al and ſingular Freedoms, Liberties, Rights,
: Privileges, and Laws within this Realm and other the King's Dominions, as other the King's Subjects naturally born within the ſame, bave, enjoy,
4 k S for the ancient Princes of Wales of Britiſh ex- | infant, conferr'd that bonowr ; (which be never receiv'd Lim.
and inherit: and rhe Laws, Ordinances, and Statutes uf the Realm of England for ever, and none other, ſhall be had, uſed, practiſed, and exccu-
ted, in the (aid Country or Dominion of Wales, and every thercof, in like manner, form, and order, as they be and ſhall be in this Realm,
and in fuch like manner and form, as hercafter ſhall be farther eftabliſh'd and ordain'd. ” This Act, and the calm Command ot bing Ray ”.
preparing way for ir, cfte&ed rhat in a ſhort time which the violent power ot other King's arms, and has ry 1 of Henry the fourth, with extream
rigour alſo of laws, could not draw on in many years. For ever tince, the Britiſh Nation hath continued as faithful and durtiful in their loyal alle-
giance to the Crown of England, as avy vthcr part of the Realm.
—_———__ l_
'A: INDEX of the Curioſties repreſented in the TABLE,
The pillars defcrib'd in the Hall at Kaw-phyli Caſtle in Glamorganſhire.
Fig. 1. 2, T HE carv'd pillar or monument call'd Maen y Chwyvan in Flintſhire.
3. 4-
The Alabaſter Statue, found near Porib $hini Kran ih Monmouthſhire.
6 Maen y Morynnion at Gaer near Bre:knock?
7. The chequer'd Pavement diſcover'd Anno 1692. at Kaer Lheion in Monmouthſhire.
8. A hollow Brick out 'of a Roman Hypocauſt at Kaerhyn in Caernarvonfhire.
9. The Phiala or Bowl deſcrib'd at 'Kaer Lheion in Monmouthſhire. h
x0. One of the leaden Boxes mention'd at Lhan Boydy in Caermardhinſhire.
. I2. The ſame open'd. F-f7;.351 | |
. A braſs-axe found at Moe/ yr Henblys in the Pariſh of Derowen in Montgomery ſhire.
. Part of one of the brafs Daggers ( if we may ſo call them ) found at Karreg Db:iwin in Meirionydh-
ſhire : with the nails that faſten'd it to the handle.
. The point of ſuch a Dagger, found at the ſame place.
. 17, The Roman Fibsla, deſcrib'd at Ker Lheion in Monmouthſhire.
. A braſs Amulet dug out of a Well ſomewhere in Denbighſhire. The other ſide differd not from
that which is engraven.
. A cake of Copper deſcrib'd at Kaer Rbyn in Caernarvonſhire.
. A gold Medal of Julius Conſtantius, found at Treverthin in Angleſey.
wm _—_ wo coyn ( ſuch as they uſed before the Roman Connuelt ) found at Penbryn Pariſh in
Cardiganſhire. | :
. 23. 24- Ocher Britiſh coyns of gold, kept in the Aſhmolean Repoſitory at Oxford.
. 26. The Coyns deſcrib'd at Kaer-Pbyl; Caſtle in Glamorganſhire.
. 28. 29. Mock Plants out of a Cole-pit near Neath in Glamorganſhire. See a deſcription of them
in Flintſhire. -
| On the left band of the Table.
| 8. An; Adder-bead vs Glain Neidr of green glaſs, found at Altr-Fraw in Angleſey.
b. Another of earth, enamell'd with blue ; found near D3/ Gelbew in Meirionydhſhire.
ce. A yy of glaſs, undulated with white, red, and blue ; found near Maes y Pandy in the fam
unty. | :
d. Repreſents one end of the ſame. Oftheſe Adder-beads, which are ſuppoſed to have been Druid-
Amulets, fome account is given in Denbighſhire, Annor. on Kerig y Drudion.
Mort
{ kw Yew n
» ww_—m_— >” — aw
More rare PLANTS.
— —— — ————— — ——_— OO ———— — —
\ Lig! ? D: Plukenet. -PImroprapt S*aHEFirn ith 8
Tu PE YUTE Plants £700 Te in Wales. rattle lkaves, hair . emeath. On the IKLRs c FP
| Clogwyn y Garne c> Be. pop of the mtr an Goo y,!
-| the higheſ? im es.” 1: 15 a ratgef Pure: exer;
4 ETi!0 © 1] | $uÞw4on. — ©
'5 me s | ud 0 F- Filicula perracþ Rerida pere! egans ſo - 1.
_— mk high redk;, agid by eonlery bam floridum. AnAgianthum Alpinum crit”
don by "Cuernarwonſrirg dim##t "? re; as alſs by Schwenckteldii F.B: 2 Small flowering _ io - oO |
;vulats] amore the broly rocke of C ad S £7 above & aer- | Clogwyn j Garnedhyxand moſt other biehwn
Llin y ca; 'S ilix montanaFamoſa, minor ar Remticu!
rgemone. lutea Cadro-bricaninieh Park. Papa- 'D. Lhwyd. Alpina*Myrrhidis facie Cambro-britanni
1 1m percnne, Wh- folio2Cambro brican- ca D. Plukenet. \Phytograp b. Small-branched Mou:
cw a - _— - © + © - = «a - -
nicuſh, "Yellow wild ard Poppy.” About 4 mile | Fern, with finely pndented L leaves. On the top of the 1
{om fmnall willage called-Abbar, and in the midway from tain Glyder, where -it ateBongs the lake or pool c.
Denbigh to Guidar ; ; al G near a wooden. bridge over the 1i- | Lhyn\Og wan. |
ver Dee, near to s 4h 'ape called Bala; alſo going up the Filix marina Angitca Park. Chamezfilix matin;
hall that teads to Banyor near to Angleſey, Park. p. 270. \ Anglica 7. B. Filicula petrza formina ſeu Chame!ilix
But thore.certoin!y to be found on Clogwyn y Garnedh ys- | marina Anglica Ger. emac. Filix 'petraa ex infilli;
oltd® wwuyiche, cr you dfſcend the Glyaze » from Lhan-7 chadibus C. B. Dwarf Sea-fern. On tbe rocks abu;
Mleroera! other PR about Sm fon x woof? com- | FroPholm Wand ntar Benumaris, and-at Ebendw'yn in the
"| Tſe of an
* 6, rs {>xarilis Ti i F. B. Park. (Adineum e@xplor,.y
| ix corniculata C. B. On the 7.
| fotis4a Alx : | arnedb-Lhewehn near .Lhan Lhechyd 38 Caernaru,
| mu uris villoſa flore amplo 'membranaceo. ſpire. Horned or forked "white Maiden-bair.
azyophyllus holoſteus-Alpinus angultifolius C. B. Gnaphalium "maritimum C. B: naritimum multi;
7rod? Fl © gn rrp Chickweed Fe ge F. BS. land Ger., wn Go I
the rock calle Chgwyn.3 Garne & the hig _ Cudweed or Cortomwee On the' ſand near Aber:
[2 4 * WEE 97 oh pow”
Dooed white Mayden-bair divided Jike b V7 Fw nea P. B: Graſs upon graſs. On the
ry \\On Snowdon Bll. f Y: mount aims, wo TIN &e. AT
SS minima pa, foliis imis ſubratundis & | and moſs, where ns oeber Plant gr |
d. Alpina pumila varia {| Hippoſelinum” Ger.. emac. $lipp E 6 Say efijum
bc ndis & fongis{Mori/. The | vulgare Fark. Macerone, s ene S$my rnium, le-
Found ond long \leaves. In | mine magno nigro'F."B. Hippoſetimim Theophral
five Smyrnium Dioſcoridis C. B. Alexandevs. O» the
F | rocks about Preſt holm Iſland near Beatrmaris plentiful ully.
ther this be frat efferent Sow k a in Bi- | Hyacinthus ſtellacus Fuchſii Ger. ſtellatus vulgari;
ſtorta minor, 1 LAith In the plants, five bifolius Fuchſii Park. pared. ſtellatus bifolius &
| 2 trifolius vernus Cumetorum flore cxruleo & albo 7.
x
MteP ar k. Conſolial media cx-| ſtellaris bifolius Germanicus C. B. Sma!! wern: 1 $;
ent ain Bugle \ or' Sickleworr.\) Hyacinth. On the coaſts of Nor'b-Walcs among the
um im Catrtarvonſhire by Dr." es, and in the adjacent Iſa nds, Bardſey, XC. plenns' full;
\Fol | - he# © | Juncus acutus maritimus Anglicus Park. Eng!:(» Se
Caryophyllata moMtha purpurea” Ger. emac. mon- | bard Ruſh. On the ſouthern Sea-coaſ# of Wales.
tana feu paluſtris purpurea Park.. aquatica nutante | Juncus acucus capitulis Sorghi C. B: maritimus -4-
{lore C. B. aquatica flore rubro ſtriato. F. B. Purple | pitulis Sorghi Park. pungens, 1-u acutus capiulis 50.
Man aim-Avens or Water- Avens. On Snowdon and other | gi F. B. Pricking large Sea- Ruſh, with beads like In: "i
"9 "0 v0 millet. On the ſandy hills &n the Weſtern ſhore of Nort!
T-B atdjcunt Clafi repens F. B: aliud An- Wales, Merioerbloe about Harleth.
lo magno vel incanum |-- Juniperus Alpina F. B. Cluf. Park. Alpina mins!
ſoft or gentle Thiſtle, or | Ger;- emac. minor montana folio latiore,..tructique
| the Glyder Fom Lhan-'| longiore C. B. Mountain Dwarf Funiper. On Snowdmn
berjs, and m many other mount ainowus paſtures about | bill, The Country- people call it Savine, and uſe the dtcs-
26 | ion of it to deſtroy the bots m horſes.
ile Cynoglofli folio poly-j Lamium montanum Meliſſa folio C. 'B. Me!
lis Hetenii folio Fan ? [Fuchſii Ger. Meliffophyllon Fuchſii #ark. Mcli 1114
adulterina quorundam, amp'is foliis, & floribus 101
grati odoris Fe B. Baulm-leaved Arch: augel, Bajt ai.
cl Salicis folio | Bawlm. I the woods about Hawerfor + 1+ in Te
4 BY @ rivulet on Gall ar Ogo near \ brokeſhire.
Cavel Cerio, and in dog with the precedent, of | Leucoium maritimum ſinuato folio C. B. _
which perhaps 1t may be Wy a variety. mum Camerarit F. B. marinum maximum Park.
Chamamorus ritannica five Lancaſtren- | & majus eja/dem. marinum purpurcum I oben G
fe Vaccinium mubis Pa "The p” "_ Knoutberry : ſaid | emac. Great Sea-ſtock-Gillyflower, with \@ ſimu! ed leo;.
to be found in Wates by "Dr. Lovel. Ii'e met not with it On the ſandy ſhores about Abermeney ferry im the Ile © of
there. Anpleſey, and at Aberdaren in Caernarwonſbure.
Cochlearia mingt#ecundifolia noſtras & Parkinſoni.| Lychnis Alpina minima. Caryophylleus flos 9 C1
Small round-legvel cu y-graſs. The lower {zaves from | ho, Caryophyllus pumilio Alpinus Ger. emac. F.yc-:
the root are round : z0n the ſtalks angular. On the nis Alpina pumila folio gramineo, ſeu Mulcus Alpi
coaſt of Cattnar vonſhiref and likewiſe of Angie/ev, about | nus T,ychnidis flore C. B. Muſcus Alpinus flore inliz-
Beaumars. * ni dilute rubente F. B. Ocymoides muſcoſus Alpinu»
Cotyledon birſuk#P. B. Saniculz Alpinz aliquate*}PaFE" The lcaft .. Mountain-Campion or Moſſe Camp!
nus afhn: is FB. forte. H: ziry K:idney-wort. By the | On the ſteep anth higher rocks of Snowdoy- in Caerher
Fills 2 on. the morft rocks of many mountains in I ales, |oonſhire almot#teverywhere.
Gs. Snawson, Cader-idris, Carnedb Lhewelyn, &c. abun- Lychnis ſylveſtris viſcoſa rubra anguſtifolia C. »
dantly. Park. Odomtidi five Flori cuculi affinis Lychnis 15'”-
Filix Alpina Pedicularis rubrz foliis ſubtus villoſis | 1. Clufii in Pannon. 4 in Hiſt. F. B. Muſcipula an-
D. Lbwyd , punnla, Lonchitidis Marantha ſpecies guſtitolia Ger. emac. Narrow-leaved red Catchfly. 0"
Cambro-britannica, An Lonchitis aſpera Iivenſis | rhe ſides of Craig Wreidhin bil in Montgomeryſbire
Alfſines
—
in W A
L ES.
Alſines myoſoris facie Lychnis Alpina flore amplo
niveo rep2ns D. Lloyd. Mountain-Campion with a large
white flower, reſembling Mouſe-ear-Chickweed. By t
water-courſes on the ſid:s of Snowdon-hill plentifuly.
Lonchitis aipera C. B. aſp2zra major Ger. aſpzra
major Mutthiolo Park. altzra cum folio denriculato,
five Lonchicis alcera Matchioli F. B. Rowgh Spleenwort
with indented leav?s. It ſprings out of the rifts and chinks
of the rocks, im the high Muntams of Saowdon.v.g. Clog-
win y Garnedh, y Grid Goch Trygvylchau.
Lichoſpzrmum myus Dodonzi, flore purpureo, ſe-
minz Anchuſz F. B. majus Ger. vulgare majus Park.
minus repens latifolium C. B. the leſſer creeping Grom-
wel. On the top of a buſhy bill on the Nortb-ſide of Denb:gh
$02WN.
Malva arborea marina noſtras Park. Engliſh Sea-Tree-
Mallow. Ontherocks of Caldey 1/land #m South-Wales
»lentifully.
" Muſcus clavacus five Lycopodium Ger. Park. Club-
miſs or TWolves-claw.. On the Mountams every where.
Muſ-us terreſtris folits retro reflexis F. B. Lycopo-
dium clativs Abieti-forme Julo ſingulari apode D.
Lhwyd. Ciub-moſs with refietted leaves, and ſingle beads,
without foot-ſta!ks. It grows together with Cypreſs-moſs on
the Mountains of Caernarworſhire ; but more rarely. We
found it plentiſully on the Mountain call'd Rhiwr Glyder
above the Lake L.'hyn y cwn, and elſewhere on the ſaid
Mount am.
Mauſcus clavarus foliis Cuprefſi Ger emac.C.B. Cypreſs
Meſs or Heath-Cypreſ. On Snowdon,Cader-idru,and moſt
other of the high Mountains among the graſs.
Muſcus ere&tus Abieri-formis, terreſtris reftus F. B.
Selago tertia Thal. Upright Fir-moeſSs. On Snowdon, Ca-
der-idris,and other high Mountains.
Muſcus terreſtris repens, clavis ſingularibus folioſis
eretis. Creeping Club-moſi with eref# beads. On moiſt
and watery places about ſprings; and in meadows about
Capel Ceirtg.
Muſcus terreſtris ereus minor polyſpermos. Seed-
ins Mount ain-moſs. In moiſ# places and about ſprings on
Snowdon and otber Monntams
Mufcus Trichomanoides purpureus, Alpinis rivulis
innaſ-ens. Purple Mountain-water-moſs reſembling black
maiden hair. In the mountainow rivulets.
Muſ-us croccus ſaxigena holoſericum referens, ſeu
Byſſus petrzus. An muſcus ſaxatilis ferico ſimilis Com-
melint in Cat.plant. Holland ? Saffron-colour'd ſilken ſtone-
m3. Under high rocks where they are prominent,
Orchis pulilla alba odorata radice palmata. White-
banded musk Orchies. On the ſides of Snowdon by the
way leading frrom Lhanberis ro Caernarvon.
Orobus ſylvaticus noſtras. Engliſh wild Wood-Vetch
or bitter Vetch. Below Brecknock-bills in the way to
Cardiff: and in Merionethſhire not far from Bala.
P!lanrago anguſtifolia montana. An Alpina anguſti-
folia 7. 8. Narrow-leav'd Mountain-Plantain. On the
rocks of Trigvylchau above the Lake Lhyn Bochlyn,
near the Church of $. Pers.
Polypodium Cambro britannicum pinnulis ad mar-
pines laciniatis. Lacintated Polypody of Wales. On a
rock im a woed near Denys Powis Caſtle, not far from
Ca-rdyit i» Glamorganſhire.
Ranunculus globoſus Ger. Park. parad. The Globe-
frow'er or Locker-goulons. In the mountainous meadows,
and on the ſides of the Mountains plentifully.
Rhodia radix omnium Autorum. Roſewort. On the
rock; of the high Mountams of Snowdon and Cader-idris, |
| Small fine-leav'd Mountain-Chickweed with a fair flower.
Cc. plentifully.
Sedum Alpinum Ericoides cxruleum C. B. F. B.
Mountain Heath like Sengreen with large purple flowers.
On the ſteep and higher rocks of Snowdon almoſt every
Where.
Sedum Alpinum crifido folio C.B. Small Mountain-
| Sengreen with jagged lerves. On Snowdon and or5:y
bigh Mountains, chiefly by the rivulets [iler.
Sedum fzrratum tloſculis conpattis non maculatis.
Indented Mountain Sengreen with unſpotted flowers grow-
ing cloſe gogether. On the higheſt Mountains, it ſprings
out of the chinks and commiſſures of the rocks ; os in Clog.-
wyny Garnzdh, Crib y Diſtilk, Clogwyn du ymben
y Glyder, near Lhanberys.
Thalitrum montanum minus foliis latioribus. The
leſſer Meadow-rue with broader leaves. On the ſteey id 1
of the Mountain call d Cader-idris by Dolgchle im Mer:o-
nethſhire, out of tbe clefts or chinks of the rocks.
Thalictcum minimum montanum,atro-rubens,fol iis
ſ[plendentibus. The leaſt mountainows Meadow-rue,with
ſhining leaves and dark red flowers. On the moift rocks,
and by the rivu/ets in the Mountains of Caernarvonthire.
Mr. I.hwyd. There are two warieties of this, the one with
broader, the otber with narower leaves.
Thlaſpi ſive Lunaria vaſculo ſublongo intorto. Lu-
nar Viokt with a wreathen cod. On the Mountains of
North-Wales, ob/erv'd by Mr. Lhwyd. I/hbo alſo found
another Plant there on the bigb rocks call d Hylvae, bang-
ing over the valley Nant Phrancon i» Cacnarvonlhire,
which be intitled Paronychiz ſimilis {:d major perennis
Alpina repens, of which, having not ſeen it in the ſeed, be
was in ſome doubt whetber it might not be the ſame with
the precedent.
hlaſpi Vaccaria incano folio perenne. Perennial
Mithridate-muttard. In the mount amous part of North-
Wales.
Naſturtium petrzum Fobn/on: Merc. Bot. part. al.
Dr. Johnſons Rock-creſs. On the bigh Mountains of Caer-
narvonſhire and Merionethſhire, a+ Moelyn rudh near
Pheſtiniog, Clogwyn du y yr Ardhus and Clogwyn
y Garnedh near Lhanberys.
Bulboſa Alpina funcitolia pericarpio unico erecto
in ſummo cauliculo dodrantali. A certain Ruſh-leaw'd
bulbous Plant, bawing one Seed-weſſel on the top of an erect
ſtalk about nine inches high. On the high rocks of Snow-
don, viz, Trigvylchau y Clogwyn du ymhen y Glu-
der, Clogwyn yr Ardhu Crib y Diſtilh, &c. Ar.
Lhwyd. It hath three or four more narrow and ſhort
leaves upon the ſtalk.
Subularia lacuſtris ſeu Calamiſtrum herba aquatico-
Alpina, {. Aizoides Fuſiforme Alpinorum lacuum D.
Lhwyd. A Spindleleay'd Water-Sengreen-like Plant ,
growing in the bottom of a ſmall Lake near the top of
Snowdon hill, call'd Phynon vrech, &c.
Graminifolia plantula Alpina capitulis Armeriz
proliferz, D. Lbwyd. A Mountain graſ-leav'd Plant
with beads like the wrns ys In the pat ures at the foot
ji a certain bigh rock call d Clogwyndu ymhen y Gly-
er in Caernarvonſhire.
Gladiolus lacuſtris Dortmanni Cluf. cur. poſt, Glad.
lacuſtris Cluſii, five Leucoium paluſtre flore cxruleo
Bauhini Park. Water Gladiole. In moſt of the Lakes in
North-Wales. |
Graminifolia lacuſtris polifera , ſeu plantulis quaſi
novis hinc inde cauliculis accreſcentibus. A Graſ-
leav'd childing Water-plant, having young Plants ſpring-
ing from the ſtalks. -
Veronica ſpicata latifolia C. B. Ger. major latifolia,
foliis ſplendentibus & non ſplendentibus F. B. ſpicata
latifolia major Park. Great broad-leav'd ſpiked Speedwell
or Fluellin.On the ſides of a Mountain call 4 Craig-Wreid-
' hin i» Montgomery ſhire.
Auricula muris pulchro flore, folio tenuiflimo F.B.
On moſt of the bigh and ſteep rocks about Snowdon.
Trichomanes ramoſum F. B. aliud, foliis mucrona-
tis protunde inciſis Sibbald. Prod. Scot. Branched Eng-
liſh black Maiden-hair. On the high rocks about Snow-
don plentifully.
BRIGANTES.
702
SS EG ANTI E S.
AE RIT AIN, which has thas far bulg'd ont into ſeveral Promontories, com;»:
RIBS gradually nearer, on one fide to Germany, and on the other to Ireland ; does now
EY (a if it were afraid of the breaking im of the Ocean) draw it ſelf in on each [il-,
—CCER retires fartber from its neighbours, and « contratted into a much narrower bread,
OM For it x not above a bundred miles over between the two coaſts ; which run forway 1,
Zo almoſt in a ſtreig hr line as far as Scotland. While the Government of the Britains
SIS laſted, almoſt all thu tratt was inhabited by = Brigantes. NE OTOny tells us, that
WIRES they were poſſeſſed of all from the Eaſtern to the Weftern Sea. Thu was a People [tout
IN ADTTT os worn yy P = much commended by the better ſort of ancient Ya o
rY who all name them Brigantes, except Stephanws in hu Book of Cities, who calls them
Brigz. NY WONT 2% Brigz. What he ſays of them in that place, we know not ; the ſentence where he
ſpeaks about them being imperfe# in the _ we bave at thu day. If I ſhould ima-
- amains gine that thoſe Brigantes were ſo call'd ffom Briga, which among the old Spaniards ſignified a City ; "tw a con.
whence ſo jefFure I could not acquieſce in, becauſe it ® evident from Strabo that thu a pure Spaniſh word. Or if I ſhould think
call'd. with Goropius, that theſe Brigantes were deriv/d from a Belgick word Free-hands (5. e. Liberi manibus;) what
were it but to obtrude hs dreams upon people that are waking ? But whatever becomes of theſe opinions, our Britains
* Brigan- at thus day, if they obſerve a fellow of a reſolute, reſtleſs, intruding temper, will twit him by faying that * he plays
Palgoerur, the Brigans: and the French at this day call the ſame ſort of men Brigand, and Pirate-ſhips Brigantin ; which are
Les Recher- probably remains of the old Gauliſh. But whether the word had that ſignification in the old Gauliſh or Britiſh languages,
OW | c, and whether our Brigantes were of that temper, I dare not affirm. Yet if my memory fail me not, Strabo calls the
c.49, Brigantes (a People of thr Alps) Graſſatores, i. e. robbers and plunderers ; and Julius Belga, « deſperately bold youth
(who look'd upon power, authority, and wirtue, to be no more than bare empty names, u in Tacitus firnam'd Briganti-
cus. And our Brigantes ſeem to have been a little guilty of that hamour ; who were ſo ery troubleſom to ther
neig bbours, that Antoninns Pins difpoſſef'd them of a great part of their territories for no other reaſon, as Pauſanias
rells rus tn theſe words ; *Amiſijure]o 3 'AvlevivG- 5 wig x, wy & Berfavig Beryavnov F manlo, im maCaivev x, cru cw,
Tis 07h; Wbav Tiva Terevias wolegy antes Pojprailoy' 1.6. Antoninus Pius depriv'd the Brig antes in Britain of much
of their lands ; becauſe they began to make incurſions into Genounia,a Region under the Juriſdifion of the
Romans. [ hope none will conſtrue this as a reproach: for my part, I ſhould be unlike my ſelf , ſhould I now go 16
ſcandalize any private perſon, much leſs a whole Nation. Nor was thu indeed any reproach in that warlike age, whe
all right was mm the longeſt ſword. Robberies ( ſays C4ſar) among the Germans are not in the leaſt infamous,
{lo they be committed without the bounds of their reſpeive Cities ; and this they tell you they praRtiſe with
a deſign to exerciſe their youth, and to keep them from ſloth and lazineſs. Upen ſuch an account alſo, the
+ Percuſt- Prones among the Greeks had that name from being F Strikers or Beaters 3 as the Guad! among the Germans, and \
| Graffa- alſo the Chaldzans had theirs from being [| Robbers and Plunderers. _
TorcS. When Florianus del Campo, 4 Spaniard, out of 4 piece of vanity, carried the Brigantes out of Spajn into Ireland,
Some Co- and from thence into Britain, without any manner of grounds, bat that he found the City Brigantia in Spain; I am
_—_— afraid be carried himſelf ffom the Truth. For if it may not be allow'd that our Brigantes and thoſe in Ireland had
Ireland Fhe ſame name upon the ſame account; I bad rather, with my learned friend Mr. Thomas Savil, conjefure that ſome
Birgantes. 4 our Brigantes, with others of the Britiſh nations, retir'd into Ireland upon the coming over of the Romans, Some,
for the ſake of eaſe and quietneſi ; others,to keep their eyes Fom being witneſſes of the Roman inſolence ; and others agam,
becauſe that liberty which Natwre bad gruen them and their younger years had enjoy'd, they would not now quit in the:
old age. However, that the Emperour Claudius, was the firſt of all the Romans who made an attempt upon our Br:
gantes, and ſubjefted them to the Romay yoke, may be gathered from theſe werſes of Seneca:
Hle Britannos,
Ultra noti licttora Ponti & cxruleos,
Scuta Brigantes, dare Romulzis colla catenis
Juffit, & ipſum nova Romanz jura ſecuris
Tremere Oceanum.
'Twas be whoſe all- commanding yoke
The fartheſt Britains gladly took,
Him the Brigantes in blue arms ador d,
Ip hen the vaſt Ocean fear'd bu power
Reftrain'd with Laws unknown before,
And trembling Neptune ſerv'd a Roman Lord.
Yet I bawe always thought that they were not then conquer'd, but rather ſurrender” d themſelves to the Romans : tc
cauſe what be bas mention d in a Poetical manner, # not confirm'd by Hiſtorians. For Tacitus tell ws, that then Oltc-
| rius having new conqueſts in his eye, was drawn back by ſome mutinies among the Brigantes ; and that after be bas
COS: put ſome few to the ſword, he eaſily quieted the reſt. At which time, the Brigantes were govern'd by Caortilman-
2 dua, a noble Lady, who deliver d up King Caratacus to the Romans. This brought in wealth, and that, Luxury ; {0
nga that laying afide her hasband Venutius, ſhe marryd Vellocatus, (his armour-bearer) and made him ſharer with her
Britain. the government. This wvillany was the overtbrow of ber Houſe, and gave riſe to a bloody war. The City ftoos up [7
Facts. rhe Hasband ; and the Queen's luſt and cruelty, for the Adulterer. Sbe, by craft and artifice, got Venutius's brother
and neareſt relations cut off. Venutius could no longer brook this infamy , but call d in ſuccours 5 by whoſe aſſiſt an
partly, and partly by the defettion of the Brigames, he redac'd Cartiſmandua to the utmoſt extremity. The Gariſ,
Wings, and Coborts, with which the Romans furniſht her, brought ber off in ſeveral bartels : yer ſo, that Venutius KP"
the Kingdom, and left nothing but the War to the Romans ; who could not ſubdue the Brigantes before the time of V*-
ſpaſian. For then Petilius Cerealis came againſt this People, with whom be fought ſeveral battels, not without much
bloodſhed, and either waſted or conquer'd a great part of the Brigantes. But whereas Tacitus has told us, 1hat this
GR Queen of the Brigantes deliver d Caratacus priſoner to Claudius, and that he made up a part of Claudius's truwmpb 3
, Fake ir 4s @ manifeſt * 'ArlixeimorG- inthat excellent Author, as Lipſins (that great Maſter f ancient Learning) bas ng
ago objer'd. For neither was Caratacus (Prince of the Silures) in thas triumph of Claudius ; nor yet Caratacus, ſon
of Cunobelin (for ſo the Falti cal the ſame perſon,that Dio names Catacratus,) over whom Aulus Plautius, if 1% * be
Soter ſame year, at leaſt the very next after, | triumpb'd by way of Ovation. But theſe things Tleave to the ſearch of others ,
vis tho' ſomething I have ſaid of them before. In the time of Hadrian, when (as Xlius Spartianns bas it) the Britain:
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could no longer be kept under the Roman yoke; our Brigantes ſeem to have revolted amongſt the reſt, and io
have razs d ſome wery notable commotion. Elſe, why ſhould Juvenal (who was 6 Cotemporary) ſay,
Dirue Maurorum attegias, & caſtra Brigantum.
Brigantick forts and Mooriſh booths pull dows.
And afterwards, in the time of Antoninus Pius, they ſeem not to bave been over (ubmiſſive ; ſince that Emperour
{ as we obſertd ) diſpoſſeſsd them of part of their territories, for invading the Province of Genunia or Guinethia,
;n Allie of the Romans. |
I” I thought I ſhould eſcape the Cenſure of the Criticks ( who pre/uming upon their wit and miceneſ}, do now-a-days
tike a ſtrange liberty, ) methinks I could correfF an error or two im Tacitus, relating to the Brigantes. One « m the
1 21h book of bis Annals, where be writes that Venutius (the perſon we juft naw mention'd ) belong'd to the City of
ths Jupantes, e civicate Jugantum ; I would read it Brigantum, which alſo Tacitus himſelf, in the third Book of
by Hittory, ſeems to confirm. The other « in the Life of Agricola : Brigantes ( ſays he) foemina Duce, exu-
rere Coloniam, &c. 1.e. the Brigantes, under the condutt of a woman, began to ſet fire to the Colony. Here, if
we will ſollow the truth, we are to read Trinobantes : for be ſpeaks of Queen Boodicla, who had nothing to do
with the Brigantes 3 whereas twas ſhe that ſtir d up the Trinobantes to rebellion, and burnt the Colony * Camas- * Maldon.
lodunum.
Thu large Country of the Brigantes grows narrower and narrower ; and 1s cut i the middle ( like Italy with the
Appennine ) by a continu'd ridge of Mountains, that ſeparate the Counties mto which it 15 at preſent divided. For un-
dr theſe Mountains, towards the Eaſt and the German Ocean, lay Y orkihire and the Biſhoprick of Durham ; to
the Weſ?, Lancaſhire, Weſtmorland, and Cumberland : al which Counties, in the infancy of the Saxon Govern-
nent, were contain'd under the Kingdom of the Deiri. For the Saxons call d theſe Countries in general, the King-
donr cf Northumberland ; dividing it into rwo parts : Deira (call d m that age Deip land ) which is nearer, name-
ly, on this fide the river Time; and Bernicia, the farther, reaching from the Time 7 to the Frith of Edenburrow. Which t *\ tum
parts, though for ſome time they bad their different Kings, yet at laſt rbcy came all under one Kingdom. And to take VOOTIOUR.
notice of this by the way ; where we read in the || Life of Charles the Great, Fardulphus Rex Nordanhumbrorum, | Pag. 2;:.
i. e. De Irland, patria pulſus ad Carolum magnum venit, for I'e Irland, we are to read Deirland ; and ſo to gn”
wider/tand it, that be went over to Charles the Grect out of this Country, and not jrom Ireland.
TORKSHERE.
—4 HE County of York, in © Saxon Euep- | are the moſt remarkable, not only as being the beſt
pcxcype, Exxpocpcynpe, and Ebopa- | rivers, but as flowing by the moſt conliderable
rcype, commonly Yorkſhire, by tar | places.
the targeſt County in England, is re- | Danw, commonly Don and Dune, is as it ſeems Don, river.
puted to be pretty fruitful. If in one | fo called, becauſe 'tis carried in a low deep chanel ;
place the foil be of a ſtony, ſandy, | for that is the ſignitication of the Britiſh word Daz.
barren nature, yet in another it is pregnant and truit- | After it hath faluced Worrley, which has given name
.ful ; and 11 if it be naked and mg in one part, | to that excellent family ct the Wortleys [ a], and allo a
we find it cloathed and ſheltred with great ſtore of | place near it called Wentworth, from which many Wentworth
wood in another ; Nature uling an allay and mixture, | Gentry both in this County and elſewhere, as alſo
thac the entire County, by this variety of parts, might | the Barons of Wentworth, have deriv'd their name
ſcem more pleating and beautiful. Towards the weſt, | and original | b ]; it arrives at Sh:afield, remark- Sheaficld.
it 15 "wks 9 by thoſe hills already mention'd, by | able, among many other places hereabouts, for
Lancaſhire, and by Weſtmorland. Towards the north, | Blackſmiths, there being much iron digg'd up in
it borders upon the County of Durham, which is en- | theſe parts; and tor a ſtrong old Caſtle, which is de-
tirely ſeparated from it by the river Tees. On the | ſcend<d in a right line from the Lowetofts, the Lords
ealt, it bounds upon the German Ocean.. The fouth- | Furnival, * and New Lord Furnival, to the moſt ho- Furnival.
ſide is encloſed, firſt with Cheſhire and Derbyſhire, | nourable the Talbots, Earls of Shrewsbury [ c]. From
then with Nottinghamſhire, and laſtly with Lincoln- | hence the Dane, under the ſhade of alder, yew-trees,
lhire, where that noble zſtuary the Humber breaks in, | and others, flows to Rotheram, which glories in ha- Rothcram,
which is a common rendezvouz for the greateſt part | ving had an Arclibiſhop qt York of it's own name,
of the rivers hereabouts. The whole County is divi- | viz. Themas Rotheram, a wile man, who was born
ded into three -parts, denominated from three ſeveral, here, and prov'd a great benefactor to this place, ha-
quarters of the world, Weſt-Riding, Eaſt-Riding, | ving, upon a laudable delign, tounded a College here,
% and North Riding. We#t-Riding or the Weſt-part, is with three Schools, for inftruting boys in Wri-
+... for ſome time bounded by the rjver * Ouſe, Lanca- | ting, Grammar, and Muſick ; which are now ſup-
4 thire, and the ſouthern limits of the County, and preſt by the wicked avarice of this age d]. Then it
' lies out cowards the ſouth and weſt. Ea#t- Riding or | runs within view of Connisborow | & ,, an old Caſtle, Connizbo-
the eaſt-pare of this County, lies towards the eaſt, | called in Britiſh Caer Conan, fituatzd upon a rock, ***:
and towards the Ocean, which together with the ri- | whicher (at the battel of Maisbelly, when Aurelius
ver Derwent, encloſes it. North-Riding or the north- | Ambroſius routed the Saxons and put them to a dil-
P2:t, fronts the north, and is in a manner included | orderly flight) Hengiſt their General retired to ſecure Florilegus
by the iivers +ecs and Derwent, and along courſe of | himſelf; and a few days after took the Feld again 487.
the river Ouſe. From the weltern mountains, or | againſt che Britains, who purſued him, with whom
thoſe bordering in the welt- part of the County, ma- | he engaged a ſecond time, which proved fatal both
ny rivers guth torth, which are every one at laſt re- | to himſelf and bis army : for the Fiicains cut off ma-
ceived by the Ouſe, and ſo in one chanel flow into | ny of them, and raking him priſoner, headed him,
the Humber, Neither do I perceive any better | if the authority of the Britiſh Hiſtory is to be prefer-
mzhcd in deſcribing this pait, thin to toliow the | red in this matter before that of the * Saxon Annals,
Court of the Dane, the Calder, Are, Wherſe, Nid, | which recort him to have dy'd a natural death, being
and Outc, which itfue our of thels mountains, and | worn out ard {pent with fatiegue and buſinefs [ f | *.
CO CC CE <—ern—oom— ——_—_—_ — --
— ——
*
b It does not appear that any S1con Annals fiy for on the contrary, thoſe Hiftorians who
; Cife ( as Harth, of Weſl minſeer exprielfics it ) Capits, armputace
— — m_
fa
o{cire T rake to be the true Saxon name. *! |
1i1c4 with fach ancient Records, aſſert plainly that he-was {lin ; «
0 , "S #
1 « - F* 4s *T;
#4 6 ab7 67 T) 1111U8R6ifÞs
4
4411 4 © 7, Fs [, " * T4 3\ uy, Iu Fi Valle : Eut F407 5 Coningsborcugh N $- Zed Was the 23; j4d 7 67 45 EI7U UJ VV 4ITEN,
DES. 4 De etna le Ire Ir es te AA ERS 9-4 Bute) oder tes AE << nes wer er bet CESS AR. oo io 4
|
|
j
|
|
|
CO CO mor para:
2 *bSDSS IH ann AI AS Rr ern ts xy
707
CN
UC yo Er em et ——_ ——
_— ———O——— Oo—oIoIEOSs. Er OO III III ooo
Fitz-
Williams.
Dncaſter.
Tickhill.
Plac. An. 3-
Joan.
Plac. NL 4-
H. 3
* Vitert
ponte.
Noftiull.
St. Oſwald.
Calder, riv.
Affeer this it waſhes Sprorburg , the ancient Seat
of an ancient family the Firz-Williams , Knights ,
related to the beit families of England , and
the anceſtors of 3 William Fiuz-Wiliams, within the
memory of the laſt age Earl of Southampten ; and
alſo of William F:z-W:liams late Lieutenant of Ire
land. But this ſeat is now deſcended to the Copleys;
as Elmfley and many other eſtates of theirs in chele
parts, to the Sawils.
From hence the Dan ſcvers into two courſes, and
runs to an old town, to which it leaves its name,
common!y called at this day Doncaſter | g ], but by
the Scots Donca//le, and the Saxons Dona cercen ;
by Ninius, Caer-Daun ; by Antoninis, Danum ; and
fo likewiſe by the Norztia , which relates that the
Prafe& of the Crifinizn Horſe under the Dux Bri-
tamie pgarrilon'd theie. About the year 759. it was
burnt to the ground by lightning, and ſo bury'd in
it's own rubbiſh, th@t it has hardly yet recover'd it
ſelf. The plat of a large tower is {till viſible, which
they imagine was deſtroyed in that fire ; where now
ſtands a neat Church dedicated to St. George, the on-
ly Church in this town [h]. Scarce five miles di-
ſtant, to the ſouthward, ſtands a place which I muſt
not paſs by, called 7ic&b41, being an ancient town, |
and fortified with an old caſtle, which is large, but
barely ſurrounded with a ſingle wall , and by a huge
— O—— —
$RIGANTES.
| DVI CI. BRIG. On the other ſide,
ET NVM. GG. A"
T. AVR. AVRELIAN ANTONINO ye
VS DD PRO SE {1]. ET GET. COS,
ET SVIsS. S. M.A. G. S.
Which is to be read, Dut Civitats Brigantum & num!
| d - , A '
nibus Aupuſtorum,Titus Aurelizs Aureltanus dedicavil pro
ſe & ſus. i.e. To the God of the City of the Brigantes,
| and to the Detties of the Emperours, Titus Aurelins Aure-
lianus bath dedicated this in behalf of himſelf and bg.
As for the lalt remaining letcers, cannot tell what
they mean. The Inſcription on tie other fide , is,
Antonino tertizm & Get Conſulonr.
Whether this Du: be that God which the Britains ,,,
call'd Diw, or the pecutiar and local Genius of that g,,;
Ci'y, may be decided hy thoſe who are better Judg. pa
Cs. But as Symimachus has it, As 1hz ſouls are- diſtri Lok
| buted among thoſe that are born, even ſo are the fatal Ge-
| N11 among Notions. God does appoint every Kimgdom tit;
reſpeftive Guardians. "I his was the peilwalon and be-
liet of the Ancients in thule matters. Forygto {iy no-
thing of foreign Nations, whoſe Hiſtories are {tutt d
with ſuch local Deities, the Britains themlclves had
their Andates in Eſlex, their Bello-tucadrus in Cumber. Ds
land, their Vitermmus and Mogentus in Northumber.
land; as will be more manifctt from the Inſcriptions,
mount with a round tower upon the top of it. It was | 1 ſhall inſert in their proper places: And laſl!y, is
of ſuch dignity heretofore, that all the manours herc-
abouts appertaining to it, were ſtiled, rhe Honour of
Tickhill. In Henry the tirſt's reign it was held by
Roger Buſy ; but afterwards King Stephen made the
Earls of Ewe in Normandy Lords of it. Next, King
Richard 1. gave it to his brother 7obn. In the Ba-
rightly obſerv'd by Scrvius Honoratws , that thelc local
| Gods were never tranſitory or ſhiſted from one Coun-
| try to another, But to return to the Calder. Which,
' with ſupplies from other currents, is now become lar-
; ger, and therefore made pallable by a very fine bridge
; at Eland,not far diſtance from Grimſcar, where bricks
rons war, Robert de * Vipont took and detained it, | have been dug up with this Inſcription :
till Henry the thi:d deliver'd to him the caſtle of |
| COH. III. BRE.
Carliſle, and chat County, upon condition he would
reſtore it to the Earl of Ewe. But upon the King
of France's retuſal to reitore the Englith co the eſtates
- Vonh
| For the Romans , who were excellent Maſters in pu
they had in France, the King diſpoſleſ(t him again, | the arts of Diſcipline and War, wilely took care to
John Earl of Ewe (till demanding reſtitution of it
from King Edward the firſt, in right of Alice his
Fogg grandmother
preſerve their Souldiers from effeminacy and ſloth, by
exerciſing them in times of peace, eicher in draining
Laſtly, Richard the ſecond , | the Country by caſting ditches, mending the higl-
ing of England, gave it to John of Gaunt Duke of | way,making of bricks, building bridges, or the like,
Lancalter.
chanel by Hatfield Chaſe, where there is ſpecial good
Deer-huntiag | i }, ic divides it ſelf again, one ſteam |
running towards the river 14:1 which comes out of
Nottinghamſhire, the other towards the river Are ; in |
both which chey continue till they meet again, and
fall into the z{tuary of Humber | k] Within the Iſland, |
or that piece of ground encompalled by the branches |
of theſe two rivers,are D:che-march and Marſhland.ten- |
ny trats, or rather River-iflands , about fifteen |
miles round, which produce a very green rank grafs, |
good for cattcl, and are as it were ſet round with lit-
tle villages. Some of the inhabitants imagine the
whole Jſland floats upon the water ; and that fome-
times when the waters are encreaſed,'tis rais'd higher ;
juſt like what Pomponius Mela tells us of the Ifle of
Antrum in Gaul. Among other brooks which water
this p'ace, I muſt not forget to mention the Went,
becaulc it arifes from a pool near Nofhil, where for-
merly ftocd a monaſtery dedicated to that royal Saint |
Oſwald, which was repaired by A. Confeſlor to King,
Henry the firſt ; and art this day is the ſeat of the fa-
mous family of the Gargraves Knights [ 1}. +
The river Calder, which flows along the borders be-
eween this and [ ancaſhire, among other inconſidera-
ble lictie places, runs by Gretland, ſituated on the ve-
ry top of a hill, and acceflible but on one ſide, where
was digged up this Votive Altar, ſacred, as it ſeems,
to the tutelar God of the city of the Brigantes. It is|
to be feen at Bradley, in the houſe of the famous
Sir Joba Savil, Ke. Baron of the Exchequer { m | +.
Now the Dan, which here begins co rile |
and frequently overflows its banks, re-unites its ſcat- |
ter'd ſtreams, and after it hath run on in one entire |
From hence the river Calder paſles through the pi
Mountains on the left by Halifax, a very famous
town, ſituated from Weft to Ealt upon the gentle
deſcent of an hill, This name is of no great anti-
qQuity : not many ages ſince it was call'd Horton, as Sr
ſome of the Inhabitants ſay ; who tell us this ſtory jc;
concerning the change of it. A certain Clergy-man 7
of this town, being palionately in love with a young 7,
woman, and by no means able to move her to comply
with his luſt, grew flark mad, and in that condition
villanouſly cut oft her head. Her head was afcerward
hung upon an Ew-tree, where it was reputed holy by
the vulgar, till quite rotten; and was often viſited
in Pilgrimage by them; every one plucking off a
branch of the tree | as a holy relique. ] By this means
the tree became at laſt a meer trunk, but {till retain'd
its reputation of ſan&ity among the people, whoeven
perſwaded themſelves that thoſe little veins, which are
{pread out like hair in the rind between the bark
and the body of the wes, were indeed the very hair
' of the Virgin. This occaſion'd ſuch reſort of Pil-
grims to it, that Horton, from a little village grew up
ſoon to alarge town, aſſuming the new name of Hs-
| lig-fax or Halifax, which ſignifies holy hair. For fax ra»
is uſed by the Engliſh on the other ſide Trent, to ſig- 15
nitie bair. And that noble family of the Fairfax 1n
theſe paits, are ſo denominated from their far barr-
And therefore whoever, from the affinity of their
names, would have this to be what Ptolemy calls
Olicans, are certainly out. This town is no lefs fa-
mous among the Commonalty for a By-law,wbereby ili
they behead any one inſtantly that's found ſtealing ;*
| nor among the Learned, who will have Fobn de ſacro
; Boſco, Author of the Treatiſe De Spbera, to be born
| in it.
But 'tis more remarkable for the © unuſual ex-
SOR Pay 05 thr tans Bits Seronns.
:al.
3 Sir i ligem. + But now among Sir Robert Cottows Ant iquitter
© It has init twelve Chapels, ſubje&ro the Mother-Church of Halifzx ; two whereof arc Paro-
ent
YORKSHIRE | _
On —_—_ — —
_ DO”
tent and Jargeneſs of the Pariſh, which has under it| marches to Wakefield, a town famous for it's Cloath- Waketicld: |
eleven Chapels { two whereof are Parochial) and a- | frade, largenefs, neat buildings, great markets; and
bout ewelve thouſand men in it. So that the Pariſhi- | lor the bridge, upon which King Edward the fourth
oners are wont to ſay, they can reckon more men | built a very neat Chapel, in memory of thoſe that
in their Pariſh, than any kind of animal whatſoever; | were cut off in a battel here. This town belong'd
whereas in the moſt populous and fruitful places | heretofore to the Earls of Warren and Surty ; as allo
of England elſewhere,one ſhall find thouſands of theep, | Sendal-ca#e juſt by, buile by John Earl of Warren,
but fo few men, in proportion, that one would | whoſe mind was never free trom the {laviſh dictates
think they had given placeto ſheep and oxen, or were | of his own luſt; for being too familiar with the wife
devour'd by them. Burt of all others , nothing is ſo | of Thomas Earl of Lancaſter,his deſign was todetain
admirable in this town, as the induftry of the inha-| her there ſecurely from her husband. Below this
bitants, who, notwithitanding an unprofitable, barren | town, when England was embroil'd with civil wars,
ſoi!, not fit co live in, have fo flouriſh'd by the Cloath | Richard Dukeof York, and father of Edw. 4 (whoſe
trade (which within thele ſeventy years they firſt | temper was rather to provoke fortune,than quietly to
fell co) that they aie both very rich, and have gain'd | court and expect it) was here ſlain amongſt many o-
a reputation for it above their neighbours. Which | thers,by the Lancaſtrians.The ground hereabours for a
contirms the truth of that o!d obſervation, That a | pretty way together,is call'd the Lordſhip of Wakefield,
barren Country 1s a great whet tothe induſtry of the | and hath always ſome one or other of the Gentry for
Natives: by which alone we find, Norinberg in Ger- | its Seneſchal or Steward; an Office often adminilter'd
many, Venice and Genoua in Italy, and laſtly Limoges | by the Savils, a very numerous family in theſe parts, $avils.
in France, notwithſtanding their ſituation on a bar- | and at this day in the hands of Sir J. Sevil Knight,
ren ſoil, have ever flouriſhing Cities [n]. Six miles | whoſe exceeding neat houſe appears at Howley,not far Howley.
from Halifax, not fir from the right ſide of the river | off (p] Abour five miles from Wakefield, the river
ab» Calder,and near Almondbury, a little village, there is a | Calder lofes both its name and waters in the river Are.
very ſteep hill only accefible by one way from the Upon the confluence ſtands Medley, formerly Meve- yedlcy.
plain ; where the marks of an old rampire, and ſome | ley, ſo calld from its ſituation, as edging in be-
ruins of a wall,and of a caſtle well guarded with a tri- | tween two rivers. In the laſt age this was the Seat
ple fortification, are plainly viſible.Some would have it | of 1 Robert Waterton, Maſter of the Horſe to K.Henry
the remains of Olicana , but 'tis really the ruins of | the fourth, but at preſent of the famous * Sir Fobn $4-
Cambodunum ( which is, by a miſtake in Ptolemy, | vil,a moſt worthy Baron of the Exchequer,who muſt
call'd Camwlodunum, and © made two words by Bede, | be ingenuouſly own'd not only to have promoted this
Campo-dunum )as appears by the diſtance which Anto- | work by his great learning, but alſo to have encou-
ninus makes between that and Mancunium on the one | ragd the Author of it , by his humanity and kind-
hand, and chat and Calcaria on the other. In the be. | nels.
ginning of the Saxon times, it ſeems to have made a | The river Are iſſuing from the root of the Monn- are river
great figure in the world. For it was then a Royal | tain Pennigent ( which is the higheſt in theſe pars, )
2 Seat, and graced with a * Cathedral built by Palmas
the Apoſtle of theſe parts, and dedicated to St. Alban;
whence for Albanbury 'tis now call'd Almonbury. But
in thoſe cruel wars that Ceadwall the Britain and
at firſt ſeeming doubtful, whether it ſhould run for-
wards into the Sea,or return into its Spring,is ſo wind-
ing and crooked, that in travelling this way, 1 had it
to pals over ſeven times in half an hour upon a
Penda the Mercian made upon Edwin the Prince of {traic road. It's courſe is calm and quiet ; fo eaſie that
theſe Territories, it was burnt down: which in ſome | 1t hardly appears to flow : and I am of opinion this has
meaſure appears in the colour of the ſtones to this | occafion'd its name. For I have already obſerv'd that
day. Afterwards a Caſtle was built here, which, as | the Britiſh word ara, ſignifies ſow and eaſie: and hence
l have read, was confirm'd to Henry Lacy by King | that flow river Arars in France, takes its name. That 4-#rs in
Sephen | © |. part of the Country where the head of this river lyes, &*»)-
s. Not far from this ſtands 7birley, the Seat of the | is call'd Craven,pothbly from che Britiſh word Crage, a Craven:
ancient and famous family of the Beaumonts,which is | rock:for what with ſtones,ſteep rocks,and rough ways,
different and diſtin from that of the Barons and Vi- | this place is very wild and unfightly. In the very
counts Beaumont , and flouriſh'd in England before | middle of which, and not far diſtant from the Are,
they came over. ſtands Skipeon, hid (as it were) with thoſe ſteep pre- Skipron.
The Calder having paſſed by theſe places, runs on | cipices, lying quite round ; juſt like * Latiwm in lealy, + Leo.
to Kirkley, heretofore a Nunnery ; thence to Robin | which Varro thinks was really fo call'd from its low +
Hood's Tomb, who was a generous robber, and very | ſituation under the Appennine, and the . Alps. The
- famous ; and ſo to Dewsborrough, ſituated at the foot | town is pretty handſome , conſidering the manner of
of a high Hill. Whether this name be deriv'd | building in theſe mountainous parts, and is ſecured by
from Dui, that local Deity already mention'd, I can- | a very beautiful and ſtrong Caſtle , built by Robere
not determine : the name is not unlike; for it reſem- | de Rumeley ; by whole poſterity it came to be the
bles Duzs Burgh in found, and this town has been con- | inheritance of the Earls of Albemarle. But being
ſderable from the earlieſt date of Chriſtianity among | afterwards eſcheated (as the Lawyers term it) to the
theEngliſhof this Province. For | have been inform'd | Crown, Edward the ſecond gave it (with other large
of a*Crofs yet to be ſen here wich this Infſcrip- | poſſeffions hereabouts) in exchange, to Robert de Clif-
tion : ford anceſtor to the Earls of Cumberland, for ſome
lands of his in the Marches of Wales [q].
PAVLINVS HIC PREADICA- The Are —_ pak'd Craven, is carried in a much
VIT ET CELEBRAVIT. larger chanel with pleaſant fields an both ſides, by
Kigheley, from which the famous family of Kig heley Kighaley.
That is, derive their name. One of whom, call'd * Henry
Kigbeley, procured from Edward the firſt, for his ma-
Paulinus here preached and celebrated [ Divine $ ervice.] | nour here, the privilege of a Market and Fair, and a Livera
free Warren, ſo that none might enter into thoſe grounds ro Warrens,
That this Paulinus was the firſt Archbiſhop of | chaſe there, or with deſign to catch any thing pertaining to
York, about the year 426. we are aſſured by the | rhe ſaid Warren, without the permiſſun and leave of the
concurring evidence of our Hiſtorians. From hence | ſaid Henry and bis Sece(ſors. hich was a very conſi-
it goes by Thornhill, which from a knightly family of | derable favour inthoſe days: and I the rather take
that name / deſcended to the Savils : and fo Calder ) notice of it, becauſe it teaches us the nature and
*lt isin King Alfred's Paraphraſe render'd Donafelds. & MS. Bede has it Artamen in Campo dons, u51 tr1me etiam villa Regia erat, &c. and ſo the
printed Edirion ac Livala M1906 whence probably came ney range _—_— in tr pemeanny. h —_— call” Oy te. iſh Verfion.
p * * he . ancient Muuter of t r's, a native of the place, affirms tha arner, 3T years
© 15 nathing now appears of this Croſs ; and an c pa 4 ln the Church of this place, there is
Vicathe it. f It1 in the paſſe.Hon of the Marquifs of Hs!ifax.
there, never had any knowiedge of it tis now in the p on 0 rq Connitirs fs aficier. Hibs. » fie rok
tarely Monumene for him; which acquaints us that he was, Ex ſpeciali gratis Regs in propri
mas there interr'd, but the date of his death 13 not legible.
5 Sir Robert, DIET Bp”
wa mearung
iacds.
Winwid
ficld.
Elmect
Ninius.
BRIGA
Pr —= _ >
— null — nm I WIRD <—_—_ wa AO too - —
NTES,
_— — —————
"
_ CC NN en —_ —
— —
meaning of a Free-Warren. The male-ifſue in the
right line of this family ended in Henry Kigheley of
Inskip, within the memory of this age : the daugh-
ters and heireſſes were married, one to W/l:.am Ca-
wendiſh at this time Baron Cavendiſh of Hardwick ; the
other to Thomas Worſeley of Boothes. From hence,
the river Are glides on by Kirk all, a famous Mona-
ſtery, founded about the year 1147. by Henry Lacy.
And thence by Leedes, in Saxon Loyoer, which was
made a royal village when Cambodunrvm was burnt
down by the enemy : now enriched by the woollen | gs of thoſe times tell us) beirg m the battel of Trinch. tits
Here Ofwy the Northumbrian routed |
manufacture.
Penda the Mercian, to the great advantage, lays Bede,
of both people ; for ut both ſecured his own nation {rom the
inroads of the Pagans, and was the occaſion of converting
the Mercians to the Chriſtian Religion. The very fpor
where- this engagement was, goes by the name of
Iinwidfeld in our Hiſtorians. 1 ſuppoſe, deriv'd from
the victory it ſelf; as when Quint:livs Varus and his
Legions were cut off in Weitphalia, the place of
Action was called in High Dutch 1:»field (the field of
Vifory ) as the moſt learned, and my moſt worthy
friend, Abrabam Ortelius has well obſerve#[r]. The
Country, for ſome little way about it, was formerly
called by the old word * E/met ; which Edwin King
of Northumberland, fon of Ella, brought under his
own dominion, by the conqueſt of Cereticus a Britiſh
| works,
; fervently, that not one cf them was loſt [u], This
town is {weetly ſituated, and is remarkab!e tor pro.
| ducing Liquorijh and Skirworts in great plenty : the
buildings are neat, and ſecured by a caft!e which ;;
very ſtately, and ſtrongly tounded upon a rock ; ang
not only fortified, but teautited with many our.
It was built by Hildebert Lacy a Norman, to 1...
whom William. the Conquercur gave th.i5 town, ang
the grounds about it, after he had diſpoſſeſt 7;
a Saxon. But Henry Zacy bu Nephew ( as the Plcgg-y..
Ka
J
brey ag aint Henry 1. was diſſeiſed of by Barony © Pont.
fradt ; and thim the King gave the hincur to Tiido 0,
Laval, who held it till King Stephen's time, w cm Heyy
de Lacy re-entred upon the ſaid Barony ; and by the Ky
interceſſion, the difference was adjuſted with Ii ids fr
150l. This Henty had a fon Reberr, who died with.
out iſſue, leaving Albreda Liſours, bis fiter by the wy.
ther's fide, bis beir ; for thire was mo one «iſe ſo new!;
related to him : ſo that by the deceaſe of Robert, 6th 14,
, inheritances, that of the Lacies by her brother, and (25 (4
| the Liſours by her father, deſcended to ber. TT Fi: is word
| for word out of the Regiſter of Sranlow Monaltery
She was then married to Richaid Firz- Vn ach ( or
| the fon of Euſtachius ) Conſtable of Cheſter, whoſo
| poſterity have took the name of Loy, and have b-21
| honoured with the Earldom of Lincoln. The 2+
Limeſtone. King, An. Dom. 620. There is Limeſtone plentifully | daughter of this family conveyed this fair inhericance
Catti-fn8. vitdage Caſtleford, but called by Marianus Caſterford ; | Sainted by the
K orherton the Calder, leaves Brothertcn on the lcit, where * Mar- |
* His ſc-
« ” ,»4* c
cond wite, FT Cs
A
Marlc.
found heie : they burn it at Brotherron and Knotring-
ley ; and at certain fealons convey it in great quan-
tities, for ſale, to Wakefield, Sandall, and Standbridge :
from thence ir is fold into the weſtern parts of this
County, which are naturally cold and mountainous
and herewith they manure and improve the foil. But
Icaving theſe things to the husbandmen, let us re-
urn | $].
The Calder above-mention'd, is at laſt received by
the /re : near the union of them ſtands the little
who tells us, that the Citizens of York flew many
of Etheldred's army, purſuing them in a diforderly
:
| * by a ſhort Deed to the Earls of Lancaſter ; who l:ave,
| enlarged the Caſtle veiy much : it was afterwards »a
; repaired, at great expence, by Queen Elizabetl1, who”
began a fine Chapel here. The Caſtle has been {-
tal to great men : it was firſt ſtain'd with the blcod
of Thomas Earl of Lancaſter *, who held it in right of
| his wife, and was the firſt of this family that own'd **
| it, He was juſtly beheaded here by King Edward 2, ©
for fomenting thoſe plots and rebellions which em-
broiled the Kingdom : however, he was afterward;
people. Here alſo King Richard 2.
depoſed by Henry 4. was barbarouſly deſtroyed with
; hunger, cold, and other unheard-of torments. Here
flight ; when he infeſted this Country for their trea- | Amrhony Earl Rivers, Uncle to Edward F. and
chery and hreach of Leagues. Yet the older name of | Sir Richard Grey Knight, brother by the mothers ſide
{ -2*olum. this place is that in Antoninus, where *tis called Legeo-
Inm and Logetium which among other remarkable
and exprets remains ot antiquity, is confirmed by
thoſz great numbers ol Coins ( called by the com-
mon people Saraſms-beads ) dug up here in Beanfeild,
a place near the Church, and ſo called from the
beans that grow there. Allo by the diſtance of ic
trom Danurn; and Eberacum on cach ſide : not To men-
tion its firuztion by a Roman way ; nor that Hove:
den expreſly calis it a City [t].
The river Are, now enlarged by the confluence of
Queen to King Edw. 1x. took up as ſhe was
hunting, and was brought to bed of her fon © Tho-
mas firnamed de Brotherion from this place, who was
afterwards Larl of Norfolk, and Marſhal of England.
Somewhat below this cown the river Are is joyned by
the Dan, and then runs into the river Oy/e. On the
[claw Tight, there is found'a yel/ow marle of ſuch virtue,
that the fields once manurd with it prove fruitful
many years aiter. From hence the river is ſtil] car-
ry'd on not much wide of Pon!j7at {or, broken bridve)
Pontfreit. Commonly called Ponrfrezt, which aroſe out of the
ruins of Legeol:zy. In the Saxon times, the name of
this town was Kirkby, which was changed by the
T.deCalile- Normans into Ponrfrat?,becaulc of a broken bridge there
ford.
$. Gu! hiel-
wus Eprora-
cenfcs.
The ſtory is, that there was a wooden bridge over this
river there, when William Archbiſhop of York, and
ſiſter's ſon to King Stephen, returned from Rome;
and that he was welcom'd here with ſuch a c owd
of people, chat the bridge broke, and they tell into
the river ; but the Archbiſhop wept and prayed fo
_— — — _ - — — - _
I —
:
:
to the ſaid King Edward, were both murder'd ( not-
withſtanding their innocence) by King Richard z,
For this tyrant was ſuſpicious, that men of ſuch fpi-
rits and honour as theſe were, might check his deſgns
of tyranny and abſolute power. As for the Abbey
| founded here by the Lacies, and the Hoſpital by the
bounty ot 7 R. Knolles, 1 irduft: ioufly omit them, be-
cauſe the very ruins of them aic haid!ly in being.
From Legee!r:m vo pels by Shirbora { w |, a populons
{mall cown, (which takes that name from the ciear-
nels cf the little river there, and was given by Athel-
ſtan to the Archbiſhops of York [x1;) and to travel
on upon a Ronian way, very kizh rais'd, tO Lberford, gigs
a little town ſituated juſt by that way, famous for its
| art of pin-waking ; thoſe here made beirg in particu-
lar requeſt among the Ladies. Urder the town lies
the courſe of tie river Cock ( or as tis in books Co:
karus.) Between it and the town there is the oun-
dation of an old Caftle, (which they call CaZ/c-Cary ) ox
ſtil! viſible. About ewo milcs from hence, where
the Cock ſprings, ſtands Berwick in Elmer, which is X**
ſaid to have been the royal ſeat of the Kings cf Nor:
thum berland. It has been walled round, as the rub-
biſh ic ſelf ſhews. On the cther ſide ſtands He/el-
woed, the chief ſeat of that particularly famous and
ancient family the Yaweſors, who take that name Var
; from their Office, ( being formeriy the King's Valus- *.,"
ſors ) and towards the end of Edward the firſt's reign,
we find by the Writs of Summons of thoſe tins,
that * William Vavaſor was ſummoned to Parliament
among the other Barons of this Kingdom | y |. Under
- * hy
the town 1s the remarkable Quarry called 7etres-Poſt, **
s That 1s Ul avium or Ulmetrm, 2 grove of Elms. Evaſit arctorn 7
[apideum era, & ſoruvatur aahuc in Menaſterio Reverendiſſmi Avbatis
Jane 1. An. Dem. 1300. having his Chriſtian name from S. Thomas of C
brought, be lk'd hers well cnough.
s The fir of the Lan;aftrian-houle ths;
8 Sir W; $a 4 4
n 7 anterbury, whom his mother, in th:
caie. It is reported, that the Nurſe defign'd for him was a French-woman, wiute milk be covld rot endure; but that an bt giſt: won ah 75
Ut AA
RE er er OOO —_—
—
Tnem ( (c. qui! villam Regiam 24 Deonafeld por:!tus bf n pit } Altare, 0714
| ( . O& Pre:byters Thrythwultt, eucd in £14 @ Eine elt. Par Ecel, Hil.
c. ig. *Tis polſible rhis Monattery might be plac'd at Berwick im Elmer. J © .
þ 2.
i He Was born
exriemity ct ber pain, proy © 10 is
See afterwards, uvncer the titlc Berwick 51 1 imc9.,
had
in right of his wife peſſeſed it, ſtained ma evirucd the ſame with bis own bud.
—C —— _— —— ———_—
—
1 YORKSHIR E&.
becauſe the ſtately Church at York dedicated to
St. Peter, was built with the ſtones hewed out there.
by the bounty of the Vavaſors. |
From Aberford the Cock runs ſomewhat ſlow to |
the river Wherf, as if it were melancholy, and deteft-
ed Civil wars ever ſince it flowed with that Engliſh,
blood which was formerly ſhed here. For upon the
very bank of this river, not far from Towton, a ſmall
714
VERBEIAE SACRVM
CLODIVS FRONTO
PR AF. COH. II LINGON.
Verbein ff.
vel Nyms-
pha.
For Rivers, ſays Gildas, in that age had divine ho-
nowrs paid them by the ignorant Britains. * And Seneca £1 +'
tells us of Altars dedicated to them ; 1/e worſhip the
country Village, was truly the Engliſh Pharſalia. Here | beads of great rivers, and we raiſe altars to their fir#t
was the greateſt fight of Nobilicy and Gentry, and | frings. And Servius ſays, that every river was preſided
the ſtrongeſt army that ever was ſeen in England ; | by ſome Nymph or other. In the walls of the Church
no fewer chan an hundred thouſand fighting men | there is this other imperfe& Inlcriprion.
on each ſide ; who under the condut of two daring |
and furious Captains, engaged here upon Palm-
Sunday, in the year 1461, The Victory continued
wavering for a long time ; bur at laſt the Lancaſtri-
ans proved the weakeſt, even by their being roo
ſtrong. For their number proved cumberſome and
unweildy ; which firſt cauſed diſorder, and then flight. |
The York-party gave the chaſe briskly ; which, to-
gether with the fight, was fo bloody, that no leſs. [ aa ].
chan 35000 Engliſh were cut off, and amongſt them
a great many of the Nobility. Somewhat below this I found nothing in my ſearch up and down the
place, near Shirburn, at a village called leſton, | Church for pieces of Roman Antiquity, but the por-
there is a noble Quarry ; out of which when the ſtones | traiture of Sir Adam Middleton, armed and cut out
are firſt cut, they are very ſoft ; but by being in the | in ſtone, who ſeems to have livd in Edward the 1.'s
air, they preſently conſolidate and harden ?. | reign. His poſterity remain ſtill in the neighbour-
Out of the foot of Craven-hills ſprings the river | hood, at a place called Stubbarn | bb |.
x1". Wherf or Wharf, in Saxon Guepp, the courſe of which Somewhat lower ſtands Orley, which belongs to the ole;
for a long way, keeps at an equal diſtance from the , Archbiſhop of York ; memorable for nothing bur its
Are. If any one would derive the name of it from a | ſituation under a huge craggy Cliff called Chevzn. Chevin.
Britiſh word Guer, /wift, the nature of the river will For the ridge of a mountain is in Britiſh Chevin; and cy;
favour him ; for it's courſe is ſwift and violent, fret- | ſo that long ridge of mountains in France ( which whit ic tg-
ful and angry, as it were, at thoſe ſtones which ob- | formerly usd_ the fame language with our Britains ) I
—— Fr
RVM CAES.
AVG.
ANTONINI
ET VERI
JOVI DILECTI
CAECILIVS
PRAEF. COH.
| in the Wars between York and Lancaſter.
Ptolemy, both from its ſituacion in reſpe& of York,
= 5 time by * Viriz Lupms, Legate and Proprztor of
&
= *dug up near the Church,
"2
ſtruct it's paſſage; and ſo rolls them along very |
frangely, eſpecially when it ſwells by a wet winter.
However, it is dangerous and rapid even in the ſum-
mer time ; as I am ſenſible by experience, who in
my travels this wh run no ſmall risk in paſling it.
For it has either ſuch ſlippery ſtones, that a horſe's.
foot, cannot tix on them ; or elſe the current it ſelf is
fo ſtrong, that it drives them from under his feet. |
Tho' the courſe of jt be long, ( no lefs than fifty
miles, computing from the firlt riſe to its joyning the
Ouſe ) yer there are no conſiderable towns upon it.
It runs down by Kilneſey-Cragge ( the higheſt and the
ſteepeſt that ever I ſaw,) to Burnſall, where Sir Wi-
lam Craven, Alderman of London, was born, and is
now building a ſtone bridge; as he has lately, out of
a pious concern for the good of his Country, found-
ed a Free-ſchool hard by [y]: then to Barden-rowre,
a little rower belonging to the Earls of Cumberland,
noted for the good hunting thereabouts : then to
Bolion, where ſtood formerly a lictle Monaſtery { z}:
and to Berhmeſley , the feat of the famous family of
Claphams, of which was J. Clapham, a famous ſouldier
Hence it
paſſes by Tlekely, which I imagine to be the Olicans in
and the reſemblance of the two names. It is, with-
out queſtion, an ancient town ; for ( not to mention
thoſe engrav'd Roman pillars, lying now in the
Churchyard and elſewhere ) it was rebuilt in Sewe-
Britain, as we are informed by an Inſcription lately
IM. SEVERVS.
AVG. ET ANTONINVS
CAES. DESTINATVS
RESTITVERVNT, CV-
RANTE VIRIO LVPO.
* LEG. EORVM {| PR. PR.
That the ſecond Cohort of the Lingones quartered
here, is likewiſe thewed us by an old Altar I have ſeen
tlere, now put under a pair of ſtairs, and inſcribed
by the + Captain of the ſecond Cohort of the Lingones
tO Ferheia, perhaps the Nymph or Goddeſs of the
Wherf (the river) called Verbcia, I ſuppoſe from the
likeneſs of the two words.
—m——
is called Gevenna and Gebenna. From hence the river Ge venna.
flows in a chanel, bank'd on both fides with Lime-
ſtone, by Harewood, where ſtands a neat and ſtrong 1 arewood.
Caſtle, which has always chang'd its maſter as the
times turn'd. It was formerly the Curcies, but went
from them, with Alice the heireſs of that family, to
Warren Fitz-Gerold, who married her, and had ifſue Placit. r.
Margery ; who being one of his heirs, and a great /***%; 5
fortune, was firſt married to Baldwin de Ripariz, fon Monitr. le
to the Earl of Devonſhire, who died before his father; ©" 37
and then, by King John's means, to Falcatiws de Brent,
a favourite, upon account of his great ſervice in pilla-
ging. Affcerwards, Iſabel de Riparixs, Countels of De-
vonſhire, dying without iſſue, chis Caſtle fell to
Robert de Liſle, the fon of Warren, as a relation, and |, . ,,
one of her heirs. Ar laſt, by thoſe of Aldborowgh, it Iuſula, or
came to the Rithers, as I learn'd from Fr. Thim, who ©
with great judgment and diligence has long ſtudied
the Antiquities. of this Kingdom [cc]. Nor muſt I
forget to take notice of a place juſt by, called Gaw-
thorp, remarkable for that ancient and virtuous family
the Gaſcoigns, delcgnded very probably from Gaſcoigne Gaſcyigns.}
in France.
Hence, the courſe of the river herf is by Wetherby, wetherby,
a notable trading town, which has no remains of An-
tiquity, but only a place under it called Helensford,
where a Roman military way has lain through the
river [dd]. Then by Tadcaſter, a very ſmall cown ; Tadcalter
which yet I cannot but think was the ſame with Cal- Calcaria.
caris, both from the diſtance, name, and nature of
the ſoil ; eſpecially, ſince it is agreeable to che opini-
on of Mr. Robert Marſhall of Bickerton, a perion of
excellent judgment : for 'tis juſt nine Italian miles
from York, which is the diſtance of Calcaria trom ic
in Antoninus. And Limeſtone (which is the main
ingredient in mortar ) is no where to be found all a-
bout, but plentifully here ; from whence it is conveyed
to York, and all the Country round, for the uſe of
building. This Limeſtone was call'd by the Britains,
the Saxons, and che Northern Engliſh, after che man-
ner of the Latins, Calc ( © For that imperious Ciry not
* only impos'd her Laws upon thoſe ſhe had ſubdu'd, :
© but her Language t00;) and Calcarienſes in the Theo. ©ricn-
deſian Code is ulzd to denote them who burne this D* Decur.-
Limeſtone : from whence one might not improbably 7
infer, that this town had the name Calcaria trom the Roman
Limeſtone found there ; like the city Chalcs from £n8%:*
in the Pra-
i VINES:
—
tv — —_
TE es es
9 But 'to return) Coc making no long cour(r, ſbeadeth himſelf into Whert.
.
Augultin.
\ |]. 9. de Ci-
XAAKS wit. Dei.
Yy
Iunerary of
T. kdcs.
Nid river.
R ipley.
Knarsbor-
row-caltle.
Propping-
well,
A Fountain
that coun-
verts wood
uo ſtone.
A:ngesbey.
BRIGA
abs, braſi; Ammon from 4\uus; ſand; Preleon from |
14:4, elms ; and perhaps the city Calcaria in Clive
from the word Calx. Eſpecially contidering that Bede
calls ir Calca-cefter ; who t:Ils us tarther, that * Hezna,
the firſt woman of this Country that turned Nun,
came to this City, and lived in it. Again, here 1s
by the town a hill called Kelcbar, which {till retains
ſomething of the old name. For other proofs of An-
__ - Not to mention its ſituation near a Roman
Conſular way, theie are many Coins of Roman Em-
perours digged up in it, the marks of a trench quite
round the town, and the platiorm of an old Caſtle
{till remaining; out of the ruins of which, a bridge
was made over the Wherf, not many years ago. Not
far from this bridge, the #herf glides gently into the
Ouſe. And really, cunſidering the many currents that
NTES
OT _— ——— - -
Wilfred Arch-bilbop of York, in the infancy of the
Engliſh Church ; and wonderful, fiys Malmesbury,
for its arched waults, its fine pavements, and winding en-
tries. But this pompaus Monaſtery was entirely de.
moliſh'd (together with the whole town ) by the
| Danes, whoſe outrage and cruelty knew no diſtinian
between things ſacred and prophane. Affter that, it
was rebuilt by Odo Arch-biibop of Canterbury, who
being a molt religious obſerver of holy Rites, tranſ.
ferred the Reliques of St. Filf-id from hence to Cax-
rerbury, However, this town was never fo conlidera-
ble as ſince the Norman Conqueſt, (when, as ane tells
us, greater plenty of Manaſteries began to be built.)
Then this Monaſtery began to encreafe and flouriſh
under the patronage of the Arch-bithops of York ;
[and the town rao, partly by the advantage of a Go-
fall into it, this ſo ſhallow and eaſfie ſtream from the | vernour , call/d in Saxan Wakeman, that is to ſay ,..
bridge is very ſtrange, and might well give occaſion
to what a certain Gentleman that palled it in the
lummer-time laid of it.
Nil! Tadcaſter habet Muſis wel carmine dignum
Prater magmifice ſtruct um ſine flumine pontem.
Nothing in Tadcaſter deſerves a name,
But the fair bridge that's built without a ſtream.
Yet if he had travell'd this way in winter, he would
have thought the bridge little enough for the river.
For, (as Natural Philoſophers know very well) the
quantity of water in ſprings and rivers ever depends
upon the inward or outward heat and cold *'* [ee |.
Somewhat higher, the river N:d, iſſuing from the
roots of Craven-hills, is carried in a muddy chanel by
Nidberdale, a valley fo call'd from it ; and thence un-
der the covert of wood on both ſides, by Kapley , a
market-town, where the family of the bg lebeys fiou-
riſhe with great antiquity and repuration | ff |}. Then
proceeds to Gnaresburgh, vulgarly Knarsborrow, a Ca-
itle ſituated upon a craggy rock ( from whence it
takes its name) and ſurrounded by that deep river.
*Tis reported to have been buile by Serlo de Burgh,
uncle by the father's ſide to Euftace Veſcy ; afterwards
it came to be the Seat of the Efortewilles ; and now it
belongs to the Dutchy of Lancaſter. Under it, there
is a fountain, which does not illue from the bowels
of the Earth, but diflills in drops from the rocks
hanging over it, and fo 'tis calld Dropping-Hell: if a
piece of wood be put in it, it ſhall be prelently cruit-
ed over with a ſtony ſubſtance, and by degrees turn'd
into (tone [ gg]. In the adjacent fields Liquoriſh g:ows
plentifully, and they find a yellow ſoft mar! , which
proves an excellent rich manure. The oftce of Keep-
er of the Foreſt here, belong'd formerly to one Gamel-
las, whoſe poſterity took the name of Screwen from
Screven the place of their habitation. From them are
delcended the ® Sl;ngsbeys, who were made Rangers
ol this Foreſt by King Edward the firſt, and live
here at this day in a very flouriſhing condition.
The Nid having paſs'd theſe places, runs on but a
little way before it falls into the Ouſe, near Allerton
the Seat of a truly ancient and famous family the
* Aallivers, Knights, who in old wiitings are call d
Mali- Leporars.
Our of theſe Weſtern mountains ſprings likewiſe
the river Ure, but in another part of the Country,
namely in the North-riding : which ſtill retaining this
name, and watering the North part of the County,
a lictle before it comes to Rzppon, is made the boun-
dary between the North and tie Weſt-riding. This
Rippon, in Saxon Þmuppun, is ſituated berween the
Ure and che little river Ske , and owes its grearneſs
co Religion ; eſpecially to a Monaſtery *” buik by
Watchman ; and alfoby theirdiligence in the woollen
manufacture, which is now ſlackned. The town is
adornd with a very neat Church, built by the con-
tributions of the Gentry hereabouts, and of the
Treaſurer of the town ; having three Spire-ſteeples,
which welcome ſtrangers to the town ar a diſtance,
and ſeem to vie with » the rich Abbey of Foantain ,
buile within ſight of it, by Thurftin Arch biſhop of
| York [hh]. On one ſide of the Church ſtands a
lictle College for ſinging-men , founded by Henry
Both Arch-biſhop of York; on the other ſide a
| great earthen Mount, call'd Hilſhaw, caſt up, as they
fay, by the Danes. Within the Church , Wilfid's
| Needle was mighty famous in the laſt age. The buf.
| nes was this ; there was a (trait paſſage into a room
cloſe and vaulted under ground, whereby trial was
made of any woman's chaſtity : if ſhe was chalt, ſhe
paſsd wich eaſe; but if ocherwiſe,ſhe was,by I know
not what miracle , ſtopt and heid there. This Mo-
naſtery of Fountain is delicately ſituated, in a fruuful foz
ſoil, wherein ſome veins of Lead are to be found;
and had its original from ewelve Monks of York,
who affecting a more rigid and tri courſe of life,
left their Cloiſters ; and afcer a great deal of trouble
and hard{bip, were ſettled here by 7hur/tin Arch-
biſhop of York '*, who then founded ic for that pur-
poſe '*, However, I ſhould ſcarce have took notice
of them,but that St. Bernard in his Epiſtles has fo much
commended their Order and Diſcipline.
Not much lower, upon the river Ure, is ſituated %"
Burrowbridge, a little town {9 call'd from the bridge”
there which is made of ſtone, very high and ſtately;
yet in Edward the fſecond's time it ſeems to have beea
only a wooden one. For we find, that when the Ba-
rons harraſs'd that King and the whole Kingdom,
Humphrey de Boban Earl of Hereford, in patling over
it, was run up the groin quice through the body by
a Souldier that lay in ambuſh under the bridge , and
took che advantage of puſhing through a chink.
Juſt by the bridge, in three little helds to the Welt-
ward,T {ſaw 4 huge ſtones, of a pyramidal form, very
rough and unpoliſh'd, placed, as it were, in a ſtreight
line one from another. The two middle ſtones (one ot
waich was lately diſplac'd in hopes of finding mony)
almoſt rouch'd one another ; the outer ones ftanding
at ſome fmall and equal diſtance from them. As tor
the deſign or meaning of them, I have nothing to re-
mark, but that my opinion is agreeable with ſome
others in this point, That this has been a Roman
trophy raiſed by the high-way, which runs along
here. As for theſilly ſtories of their being choſe bolts
which the Devil ſhot at ſome cities hereabours, and
fo deltroy'd them; I think it not worth while to men-
tion them. Thus much is obſervable,that many, an
thoſe learned men, are of opinion, that the ſtones
— ——
& & The ſtory we have in Bede (Eccl.Hiſt l.4.c 23.) where rhe L2tin Copies genera'ly call this venerable Vatron FHeru, and the Saxon Paraphr alc He-
£4; and the fame woman in the coucluhon of thar Chapter, is more rightly nam'd Begr, or (as ore Saxon Copy reads it) B-ga. This is the ſame 2*-
£4, that (as Leiend, l. 1, p. 395. Monaſt. Angl. witneiles) was bornin 1rc/an t, ard built her firſt Monaitery at S. B-ge's in Cumberland, her ſecond 4!
tieruty (or Hartlepoel,) and her third ar this Ca/caceaſter,
by beheaded tor iis Loyalty to King Charles the ſecond.
was 2 Monaſtery of Scors at Rip
(in Vit. S. Curhs+eytr, capp.7.& 8.
the Dalolution, at 1173L 05. 7 &. ob.
i: Sir fohn Inglevey Baronet is the preſent heir.
* This name occurs in the Lifts of the Sheriffs of the County lince $ Henr.s. -
, before Wiltrid came there. So much is acknowledg'd by Bede (Hilt Eccl | 3.c.25. & 1.5.c.20.) who alfo eliewhere
tells us who thoſe £cors were, namely, Eata (Abbot of Miilrus ) ana his Monks.
= .Ot this family was Sir wat Art a
o It was tavourably vaiu'd 1
10 Wrereupen in his return, be fiuding here durt for dift, and ful! current watcy under the bridge, recanted with theſe Ver (c; +
Que Tadcaſter erat {inc flumine, pulvere
_ ;
Nunc habet immenſum Ravium, & pro pulrere latum.
' And addiFea themſelves to the Ordinances of S. gernaid.
'2 Which [ Abbey] was acknow e4;'d an immediate daugiter of Clarevaile, an* 1" #
few years vecarme 4 daughter to many others, as Kirktail, Sally, Meaur, ec.
are
T
= YORKSHIRE
are not natural, but artificially compounded of Sand, , dral, dedicated to St. Peter, a magnificent and curious
Lime, and Vuriol (for of this they fancy it has ſome | fabrick 3 near which, without the walls, was a ? no-
grains) as alfo of an oily unQuous matter. Much | ble Monaftery, ſurrounded wich the river and its
like choſe ciſterns ar Rome, which Pliny tells us were | own walk, nam'd St. Maries. It was founded by
made of Sand and a hot Lime, fo very compaR and | Alan the third, Earl of Bretaign in Armorics , and of
firm , that one would have took them for rea} | Richwond here in England ; and plentifully endow'd.
ſtone | ii }. But now *tis convertedinto a Royal Palacz,and iscom: x4, 14.
Somewhat Eaftward from the bridge before men- | monly call'd the Mancur. wo.
, tiond, ſtands Iſurium Brigantum, an ancient city, | As for the original of York, I cannot tell whence
which took its name from the Urethat waſh'd ir; but | ta derive it, but trom the Romans; ſeeing the Bri-
has been demoliſhe many ages fince. Still there is a | tiſh towns before the coming in of the Romans were
village upon the fame ſpot, which carries antiquity | only woods fortified with a ditch and rampire , as
yin its name, being call'd Ealdbwrg and Aidborrow , | Czar and Strabo ( who are evidence beyand excep-
that is to ſay , a» old Burrough. "There is now little | tion) aſſure us Without inſiſting upon the ſtory of
or no ſigns remaining of a City, the plot thereof be- | King Ebraucws (a word formed from the name Ebeo-
ing converted into arable and paſture grounds. So | racum) who is grolly feigned to be the founder of it ;
that the evidence of Hiſtory it ſelf would be fuſpe&- | this is certain, that the xtrb Legion, call'd Vifrix,
ed in teſtifying this to be the old [ſuriwmn, if the name was fent out of Germany into Britain by Hadrian,
of the river Ure, the Roman coins continually digg'd | and gariſon'd here :; and that this was a Roman Co-
up here, and the diſtance between it and York, ac- | lony , we are aflur'd both by Aritoninus and Prolemy
cording to Antoninus, were not convincing and un- | and an old Infcription, which I my ſelf have ſeen in
deniable [ kk] For by that time the Ure (which | the houſe of a certain Alderman of this City :
from hence-torward the Saxons call'd Ou{e,becauſe the
Ouſeburne, a little brook, falls into it here) has run 16 M. VEREC. DIOGENES I1iril VIR
lralian miles farther,it arrives at the City Eboracum or COL. EBOR. IDEMQ. MORT CIVES
i? Ebwracum,which Ptolemy(in Lib.2. Magne Conſtruttio- BITVRIX. HEAC SIBI VIV Ve FECIT.
»s) Calls ** Brigantium, (it the Book be not faulty,and
that miſtake have not riſen from it's being the Metro- | And aiſo from Severus the Emperour's Coins, which
polis,of the Brig antes. Ninias Calls it Caer-Ebraxc,the Bri- } have cis Inſcription on the reverſe of them ; |
tains Caer-Effroc, the Saxons Euop pic, and Eofop- pic,
and we at this day rk. The Briciſh Hiſtory derives] COL. EBORACVM. LEG. VI. VICTRIS.
ies name from the firſt founder, King Ebraucws. But
with ſubmiſſion to other mens judgraents, my opini-
on is that the word Eburacum comes from the 1iver
Ure ; implying its ſituation to be upon that river.
But upon what grounds, YV;#or, in his Hiſtory of the The @me
Cajars, calls York a Municipium, when it was a Colo: rrlarely
ny, I cannot readily tell; unlef the Inhabirants :4#4+.$cher-
Thus the Eburovices in France, were feated by the ri- | might defire, as the Praneſftines did, to be chang'd ** _
ver Ure, near Eereux in Normandy; the Eburones in | rom a Colony to a Municipium. For Colonies —_—
the Netherlands, near the river Ourt, in the Dioceſe | were more obnoxious and fervile; being not left
of Liege ; and Eb-lana in Ireland , by the river Lefry. | to their own humaur,as Agellius tells us, but govern'd
York is the ſecond city in England, the fineſt in this | by the Roman Laws and Cuſtoms. Whereasthe Au-
County, and the great fence and ornament to thoſe | nic:pia were allow'd the free uſe of their own Conlſti-
Northern parts. 'Tis both pleaſant, large,and ſtrong, | tutians,and enjoyedthoſe honourable offices which the
adorn'd with fine buildings (both publick and pri- | Citizens of Rome did, without being tied to any 0-
rare) populous, rich, and an Arch-biſhop's See. The | ther duties ; and therefore 'tis not ſtrange that a Co-
river Ure,which now takes the name Owſe, runs gently | lony ſhould be converted into a Mwicipium. But to
(a5 I faid)from North to South,quite through this Ci- | what purpoſe is this nicety ? For the difference be-
ty, and fo divides it into two parts, joyn'd by a Stone- | tween thoſe two words is not always preciſely ob-
bridge , which has one of the largeſt Arches that e- | ſerv'd in the Hiſtory of the Caeſars, but ſometimes
ver I ſaw. The Weſt part of the City is le6 popu- | both Colonia and Afunicipium promilcuouſly apply'd
lous, and lies in a ſquare form , encloſed partly wich | to one and the fame place. Yet from the Coins be-
ſtately walls, and partly by the river, and has but one | fore-mention'd, I dare hardly affirm this Colony to
way to it,namely by Mikell-barr, which ſignifies a greas | have been planted here by Severas, ſceing Ptolemy 2 .
Gate, from whence a broad fair buile ſtreet on h | tells us that in the time of the Antonines this was
lides leads to the very bridge, with fine Gardens be- | the ſtation of the ſixth Legion. However , we read
hind them, and the fields tor exerciſe extended to| that Severus had his Palace here, and that he died in Scycrus:
the very. walls. In the South part of the fields, where | this city with theſe words in his mouth, The Common-
the river forms an angle, I ſaw a mount which has wealth was diſorder d in all parts when [ receiu'd it, yet 1
probably been caſt up for ſome Caſtle to be built | /cave it all in peace and good temper, even to the Britains.
there, now call'd the o/d Bale, which William Melton | His Corps were allo brought out after the Roman
the Arch-biſhop (as we find it in the lives of che | manner by the Souldiers , and commitred to the
Arch-biſhops) fortified frſt with thick planks eighteen | flames; and theday folemniz'd with races by his ſons
foot long, and afterwards with a ffone wall ; whereof| and ſouldiers, at a certain place under the town, not
there remains nothing now viſible. far to the welt, near Ackbam; wheie ſtands yeta huge
The Eaſt pare of the City ( where the buildings | moune, which RadulphusNiger tells us was in his time
are thick, and the ſtreets but narrow) is ſhap'd like a | cali'd Siwers from Severus. His aſhes were preſerv'd
lentil, and ſtrongly wall'd. On the South-eaſt 'ris | in a golden Urn, or a veſſel of Porphyrite-ſtone , and
*, defended by a FF or Ditch, very deep and muddy, eransſerr'd to Rowe; where it was laid in the monu-
which runs by obſcure ways into the very heart of | ment of the Antonmes. 1 muſt not forget to take no-
the City, and has a bridge over it ſo throng'd with | rice, that there ſtood a Temple dedicared to Belkona
buildings on both ſides, that a ſtranger would miſtake | in this City ; for Spartian {peaking of the City, lays,
it for a ſtreet: after which it falls into the Ouſe. Ar | That Severus coming into it, and intending to offer ſacri- mary
the confluence, over againſt the Mount before men- | fice,was firſt condutled 10 tho Temple of Rellona by a miſtake
tion'd, William the Conquerour built a prodigious | of an ignorant Augur. And that it was then lo happy,
ſrrong Caſtle, to keep the Citizens in awe. Bur | as to have juſtice adminiſtred to it by that great Ora-
this, without any care, has been left to the mercy of | cle of the Law «#milins Paulus Papinianus, Forcatulus
time, ever ſince fortified places have grown in diſre- | has to!d us. From this City the Emperours Sewe-
Pute among us, as only fit for thoſe who want cou- | rs and Antoninw, Upon 2 queſtion ariſing about the
rage to face an enemy in the open field 11]. Towards | fenſe of the Law , dared their Reſcripe de Res Vindi-
the North-eaſt, on this fide alſo, ſtands the Carhe- catione. About a hundred years afcer the death of
» Taciros lin Vie. Arr ico! wo Clinlor Dire n ime reaſon, ic was ſometimes by the Saxons nam'd lumply Craftre, as well
* ® hoard wn x CG 4 ra ry * 763-& 7 = fe ee eiion, raked at 28s L Li.5 4.06. g. EEE
'3 And Anonine himſelf.
f. Severus,
—
a:
Foo
BRIGANTES.
tw
—
> -—
—->w—e
Eonſtantius
Chlorus:
Conſtan-
tine the
Great.
Vincentii
Speculum
Hijtoriale,
Scotland
tormerly
ſubject ro
the Arch-
h thop ot
Y Tk.
See in Scot-
land.
The Lib: a-
TY.
F'icous Al-
cmnwus or
Albdinus,
Bouriſh'd
about 730.
" _
— ——— Tu——_—— ” —— _—— — —— - - -”” — > ——_—— — —_
Severus, Fla. Val. Conftantius, ſirnam'd Chlorus, an ex- |
dom, 1 will ſend ſome of your own ſervants, who may eg.
cellent Emperour, endow'd with all moral and chri- py out of them ſuch things as be neceſſary, and ſo trarſport
ſtian virtues, came to this City ( as the Panegyriſt | tbe
ers of Britain into France , that thu garden m,
has it) the Gods calling him hither, as to the remoteſt part | 0 longer be confined to York , but ſemethirg of that Pars.
of the world, Here he died likewiſe, and was alter-
wards deified, as appears by the old Coins. And},
tho' Florilegus tells us, that his Tomb was found in
Wales, as I have already obſerv'd ; yet I have been
inform'd by credible rkns, that at the ſupprefiion
of Monaſteries in the laſt age, there was found a
Lamp burning in the vaulc of a little Chapel here,
and Conſtantius was thought to be buried there. La-
zius tells us that the ancients had an art ot diſlolving
gold into a fat liquor , and of preparing it ſo, that
1: would continue burning in the Sepulchres tor ma-
- ages. Conſtantius by his firſt wife Helena had
iſſue Conſftantinus Maximus, in Inſcriptions ſtiled Roma-
ne Urbis Liberator, Quietu fundator, and Reipublice m-
ſtaurator ; who here received the laſt gaſp of his dy-
ing father, and was immediately made Emperour,
The Souldiers (as the Panegyrilt ſays) regarding rather
the benefit of the State, than their own private mtereſts,
caſt the robes upon bim , whilſt be wept and clapt ſpurs to
| diſe may be tranſplanted to * Tuurs, The Church f
York was by the Princes of that time endow'd with
many large poſleflions, eſpecially by Ulptus the fon cf
| Toraldus : which I the rather note, from an old b: co,
that a ſtrange way of endowing heretofore may be
took notice of, The Ulpbus gowern'd in the weſt par:,
of Deira, and by reaſon of a difference like to happen be.
tween bis eldeſt ſon and his youngeſt , about the Lordſhip
after his death, he preſently took this courſe to make them
equal. Without delay be went to York, and taking the
horn wherein he was wont to drink, with bim, be fill'd :;
with wine, and kneeling upon bis knees before the Altar ,
beftow'd upon God and the bleſſed $. Peter, Prince of the
Apoſtles, all his Lands and Tenements. This horn was
kept there to tne laſt age, as I have been informed.
It would ſeem to refle& upon the Clergy if 1 ſhould
| relate the emulations and fcufles which ambition has
| raiſed berween the two Sees of York and Canterbu.
ry, whilſt with great expence of money, but more
bis horſe to avoid the importunity of the «rmy, attempting | of reputation , they warmly contended for pre-emi-
at that inſtant to make him Emperour ; but at laſt bis mo-
deſty gave way to the bappineſi of the State. Andthere-
fore he exclaims at laſt 3 O fortunate Britain, now bleſ-
ſed above all Nations for having ſeen Conſtantine fir tf Em-
perour, Apain— Liberavit ille Britannias ſervitute, tu
etiam mobiles illic oriendo feci#ti : i. Ee. He reſcued the
Britains from ſlavery, but thou baſt enobled rbem by be-
ing born there. For in the judgment ol the learned Ba-
ronius and others , this paſſage refers to the native
Country of Conſtantine. Bur | will not here re-
peat what I have already faid.
From all this, it may be inferr'd what figure Ebo-
racum then made in the world; ſeeing it was the Seat
of the Roman Emperours. Our own Hiltorians tell
us /?, that it was made an Epiſcopal See by Conltan-
tius. But that Taurinus the Martyr , Biſhop of the
Eburovices or Eureux preſided here, I am not inclin'd,
with others, to believe; for Vincentius,by whom the
were tainted with this errour,would confute me wit
his own words.
ſelves , and left Britain a prey to barbarous Nations;
ſuch a weighty ſhare of milcries fell to this City, that
towards the end of the Scotch and Saxon wars,it was
nothing but the mere fame and Echo of what it had
been. For when Paulinus preached Chriſtianity to
the Saxons of this Province, it was reduced fo 9s
that the whole City could not afford ſo much as a
ſmall] Church wherein to baptize King Edwin , who,
in the year 627. rais'd a fabrick of wood for Divine
Service; and after that, intending to ' build another
of ſtone, he had hardly laid the foundation but he
died, leaving the work to be finiſhe by his ſuc-
ceſlor King Oſwald. From this time the City began
tobe great in Eccleſiaſtical affairs Pope Honorius
ſent ita Pall, and it was made a Metropolitan City, en-
dowed with foveraignty not only over twelve Secs
here in England, bur over all the Biſhopricks of Scot-
land. But Scotland hath diſown'd her Prerogative many
years ſince,and ſhe her ſelf hath ſwallowed up ſeveral
ſmall inconſiderable Biſhopricks hereabouts, ſo that
the whole Province is now reduc'd to the four Sees
of Durbam, Cheſter, Carliſle, and Man or Sodor, in the
Heof Man. Egbert an Arch-biſhop of this See,who
lived about the year 740. founded @ noble Library here
(theſe are the words of Malmsbury ) a Treaſury and '
Cabinet, if I may ſo expreſs my ſelf, enrich'd with all Arts
and Sciences, Of which alſo, Alcuinus of York,
(who was 'Tutor to Charles the great, the firit Author
| NeNCe,
| equal in dignity, tho' it was the younger, and the poorer
When the Romans withdrew them-
' For ( as one relates it ) rhe See of Nork warts.
| ſofter ; and this being raiſed to the ſame power that the See
of Canterbury was,and endowed with the ſame poſt olical
privileges, took it very heinouſly ro be made 1ubj:ct,
by the decree of P. Alexander, declaring that the Arch
biſhoprick of York ought to yield to that of Canterbury, and
pay an obedience to ber, as Primate of all Britain, in all
ber Conſtitutions relating to the Chriſt :an Religion, 11 falls
not within the compals of my deſign, to treat of the
Arch-biſhops of this See, many of whom have been
men of great virtue and holineſs. 'Tis enough for
me to obſerye, that from the year 625. when Paulus
the firſt Arch-biſhop was conſecrated, there have ſuc-
tor his virtue and piety, for his learned eloquence,
and for his indefatigable induſtry in teaching, was
tranſlated hither Tom the Biſhoprick of Dur-
ham [mm].
This City very much flouriſh'd for ſome time un-
der the Saxon Government, till the Daniſh ſtorms
from the North began to ruſh on, and ſpoil'd its beau-
ty again by great ruins and dilmal ſlaughter. Which
Alcuin in his Epiſtle to Egelred King of the Nor-
thumbrians ſeems to have toretold. For he ſays,
What can be the meaning of that ſhower of blood, which m
Lent we ſaw at York, the Metropolis of the Kingdom ,
| near Sr. Peter's Church, diſcending with great horrour from
| the roof of the North part of the Houſe in a clear day*
| May not one imagine that this forebodes deſtryttion and
blood among us from that quarter ? For in the following
age, when the Danes laid every thing they came at
waſte and deſolate, this City was deſtioy'd wich con-
tinual ſufferings. In the year 867. the walls of it
were ſo thaken by the many aſſaults made upon them,
that Osbright and Ela, Kings of Northumberland,
as they purſued the Danes in theſe parts, eaſily broke
into the City, and afrer a bloody conflit in the
midſt of it, were both ſlain, leaving the victory to
the Danes, who had retired hither. Hence that 0!
William of Malmesbury ; York, ever mott obnoxious 10
the fury of the northern nations, hath ſuſtamed the barva-
rous a[ſaults of the Danes, and proaned under the m:ſerits
it bath ſuffered. But, as the fame author informs Us,
King Athelſtan took it from the Danes , and de-
, moliſh'd that caſtle wherewith they had fortified it.
| Nor in after-ages was it quite ridof thoſe wars,in that
of an Academy at Paris, as allo the great glory of | eſpecially, which was fo fatal for the ſubverſion of
this City) makes mention of it in tis Epiſtle to the | Caries.
ſaid Charles the great : Grve me ſuch excellent and learn- |
But the Normans, as they put an end to theſe mi-
ed Books for Scholaſtick Divinity, as I have ſeen im my | leries, ſo they almoſt brought deſtruction to Yo!k.
own Country collethed by the uſeful and pious induſtry of |
Ep bert, Arch-biſbop. And if it ſeem proper to Jour Wit |
—
For when the ſons of Suenothe Dane arrived here with Afi
a fleet of two hundred and forty fail, and landed hard he!
of ia
————————"
,* This account is not roo well grounded, See Fuller's Church Hit. A. D. 30s. -
C:nvent appcndant to his Monaſtery of St. Martin's where he was Abbor. Fuller's Horth. p. 227. fim Bale, who ranks him the third Eng'1ſÞ mat 0: Us
” This Controverfie was determin'd in Arch-biſhop Thorezby's rime, A.D. 1353. at the ſpecial folicitaticn of King Edward 2 9
for le AY M17 F,
corporum CX animarum pericala conſidrrans, ac pacem & quieter popult ſui afeti anc, aitios Archiepijcopos ad facts concordiam invirav..
a* that the Arch biſhops of Terk might legally write themſelves Primate of Ergland. Avylia Sacra, | ar. I. P74.
y Here A!Cuir us dy'd A. D. 780. ard was buried in 2 ( all T:e:
Yet 10
by
ceeded in it threeſcore and five Arch-biſhops, to the |**
year 1606. in which D. Tobias Matthews, Venerable tiby
Burk!
YORKSHIRE.
722
_—_—
—_—
by ; the Normans, who kept garriſon in two caſtles
in the city, fearing leſt the houſes in the ſuburbs
might be ſerviceable to the enemy in filling up the
trenches, ſet them on fire ; which was ſo encrea-
{:d and diſperſed by the wind, that it preſently ſpread
about the whole city, and ſet it all on fire. In this
diſorder and hurry the Danes took the town, putting
the Townſmen and the Normans to the ſword with
great ſlaughter ; yet ſparing Wil:am Malt and Gilbert
Gant, the principal men among them, for a Decima-
tion among the ſoldiers afterwards. For every tenth
priſoner of the Normans on whom the lot fell, was
executed. Which fo exaſperated William the Con-
querour, that ( as if the citizers had ſided with the |
| government. King Rich. 2. made it a County incorpo-
rate, and Rich. 3. began to raiſe a new Caſtle in ic
from the ground. That nothing might be wanting,
in the laſt age K. Hen. 8. eſtabliſhed a Council or
Senate here, not unlike the Parliaments in France, The Con
who were to judge of all ſuits ariſing within theſe <il «ta-
northern parts, and to decide them by the rules of :\..
right and equity. This Court conſiſts of a Preſi-
d in
North,
dent, and what number of Counſellors the King -
pleaſes, with a Secretary and under-Officers. Our
Mathematicians have defined the Longitude of York
to = 22 deg. and 2 ſcr. the Latitude 54 degr. and
10 ſcr. |
Thus far we have been deſcribing the weſt part of
Danes) he cut them all off, and fer the City again | this County, and the City of York, which neither
on fire: and (as Malmesbury ſays) ſo foiled all the | belongs to this nor any other part of the Shire, but
adjacent territory, that a fruitful Province was quite diſ-
| enjoys its own Liberties, and a juriſdiction over the
abled and uſeleſs ; that the country for ſixty miles together | neighbourhood on the welt-ſide, called the liberty of
lay ſo much neglefted, that a ſtranger would bave lament- | Anſty : which ſome derive from Ancienty, to denore Audy.
ed at the ſight of it (conſidering that formerly bere bad been | its antiquity ; others more plauſibly from the Ger-
fine cities, bigh towers, and rich paſtures ; ) and that no
former inbabutant would ſo much as know it. The an-
cient greatneſs of the place may appear from Domeſ.
day. In the time of Edward the Confeſſor, the City of
York contained ſix Shires or Diviſions, beſides the Shire of
the Archbiſhop. One was waſted for the caſtles; mm the
free remaming Shires there were 1428 houſes inhabited,
and in the Shire of the Archbiſhop two hundred houſes in-
babited,. Affeer all theſe overthrows, Necham ſings
thus of it ;
I iſto quam felix Ebraucus condidit urbem,
Petro ſe debet Pontificals apex,
Civibus bee toties viduata, noviſque repleta,
Diruta P_ menia [epe ſua.
Quid manus boſtils queat, e#t experta frequenicr,
Sed quid ? nunc pacs otia longa fovent.
There happy Ebrauk's lofty towers appear,
Which owe their mitre to St. Peter's Care.
How oft in duſt the hapleſs crown hath lain ?
How oft it's walls hath chang'd 2 how oft it's men ?
How oft the rage of ſword and flames hath mourn'd ?
But now long peace, and laſting joy's return'd.
For in his days, theſe troubleſome times being fol |
lowed with a long and happy peace, this city began
to revive, and continued flouriſhing, nowichſtand-
ing it was often marked out for deſtrution by our
own Rebels and the Scotch. Yet in King Stephen's
time, it was moſt ſadly ruined again by a caſual fire,
which burnt down the Cathedral, St. Mary's Mona-
ſtery, and other Religiow houſes ; and alſo, as 'tis
luppoſed, that excellent Library which Alcuin tells
us was founded by his Maſter, Archbiſhop Egelred.
The Monaſtery did not lye long till it roſe again ;
but the Cathedral lay negleted till Edw. 1.'s time,
and then it was begun by Jobn Roman, Treaſurer of
this Church, and brought to that ſtately picch we
now ſee it of, by his fon Jobs, William Melton, and
Jobn Thoresby, all Archbilhops [nn], together with
the contributions of the Gentry thereabouts : eſpeci-
ally of the Percies and the Vawvaſors; as the Arms of
thoſe families in the Church, and their portraictures in
the mn ſhew.The Percies are cut out with a piece of
timber, and the Yawvaſors with a ſtone, in their hands ;
in memory of the one's having contributed Horne, and
the other timber, to this new fabrick. The church
(as we are told by the Author of the Life of «nes
Silvias, or Pope Pims 2. as he had it from his own
mouth ) «s famous for its magnificence and workmanſhip
all the world over, and for a | Chapel with ſbining
walls, and ſmall thin-waſted pillars quite round. This 1s
the beautiful Chapter-houſe, where the following verſe
5 writ in golden Letters:
Ut Roſa flos florum, fic eff Domus iſta Domorum.
The chief of Houſes , as the Roſe of flowers.
About the ſame time the Citizens began to fortifi
themſelves with new walls, adding many towers for
a farther ſecurity ; and made excellent laws for their
man word Anfoſſen, implying a bound or limit. I
will conclude what I have faid of this City wich theſe
verſes written by J. Jonſton of Aberdeen not long fince.
Preſidet extrems Artoe finibus ore
Urbs wetus in veteri fatta ſubinde novs,
Romans Aquilis quondam Ductbuſque ſuperba,
Quam poit barbarice diripucre manus.
—
——
Piflus atrox, Scotus, Danus, Normannus, & Ang us,
Fulmina im hanc Marts detonuere ſui.
Pot diras rerum clades, totque aſpers fata,
Blandins aſpirans aura ſerena ſubit.
Londinum caput eſt, & regni urbs prima Britanni z
Eboracum 4 prima jure ſecunds venir.
O'er the laſt borders of the Northern land,
York's ancient towers (tho' oft made new) command.
Of Rome's great Princes once the lofty ſeat,
Till barbarous foes o'erwhelm'd the ſinking ſtate.
The P:i&#s, the Scots, Danes, Normans, Saxons, here
Diſcharg'd the loudeſt thunder of the War.
But this once ceas'd, and every ſtorm o'erblown,
A happier gale refreſh'd the riſing town.
Let London (till the juſt precedence claim,
York ever ſhall be proud to be the next in fame.
The Ouſe being paſt York, begins to be diſturb'd
with eddies, or that whirl of waters which we call
Hiprs,
Biſhop's Village ; formerly
till Walter Grey Archbiſhop of York purchaſed it;
and, to bilk the King's Officers (who are always
ready to ſeiſe the Temporalities of Biſhops when
a See is vacant ) gave itto the Dean and Chapter
of York, upon condition they ſhould always yield it
to his ſucceſſors. Of whom, Richard le Scrope, Arch-
biſhop of York (a hot man, and ſtill hankering after
novelty and change) was in this very place condemn-
ed of high treaſon by ye own the fourth for his
ſeditious practices [00], Upon the ſame river ſtands
Athelſtan gave to the Church, as I have been tol
Over againſt it, on the other ſide the river, is ſeated
Rical, where Harold Hgardread arrived with a nume-
rous fleet of the _ Fon hence the Ouſe runs
to Selby, a ous little town, and remark-
able fe Henry the firs being born in it. Here
William the firſt, his father, built a Church in me-
mory of St. German, who quaſh'd che Pelagian He-
reſie, notwithſtanding like a Hydra, it had frequent-
ly revived and ſtruggl'd for life, here in Britain. The
bbots of this, and of-St. Maries at York, were the
only Abbots of theſe northern parts that could fit in
Parliament [| pp]. 'Ac laſt the Oe runs direaly to
and ſo marches by Biſhops-Thorp, that is, the Bihops-
called S. Andrew's Thorpe, *99"he-
I4oF.
Cawood, the caſtle of the Archbiſhops, which King Cawoot: ,
the Humber '+, paſſing in it's way by Drax, a little jy x,
village, formerly famous for a Monaſtery *:, where
Philip de Tollevilla (William Newbrigenſis is my Author)
had a caſtle ſtrongly ſituated in the mid(t of rivers,
woods, and marſhes ; and defended it againſt K. Ste-
phen, relying on the courage of his men, and the
great ſtore of arms and proviſions in the place : how.
ever, it was ſoon reduced into the King's power [qq].
CC
Lard Knivet, ts the hmour of Baron Kaivet of Eſcricke in the year 1597.
't L.aving fir# Eſcricke a ſeat of the Laſcelles ſometimes, to be remember'd fir that
K. Tamer advanced Sir Thomas Knivet, the owner theroof,
1; Foundcd there by Sir William Paiactl.
ADDELE
Z 7
web
+ $:9, Re-
ports, JIF.
I! D124.Bar.,
Z Vo!.P.445
W-ontwort!
_— ——
BRICANTES.
ADDITIONS to the Weſt-riding of
YORKSHIRE.
ORKSHIRE (without any angular ad-
vantages) extends into a ſquare ot four-
{core and ten miles , * adequate in all its
dimenſions to the Dukedom of 7} :rtenberg
in Germany.
[a] Following the river Do», we tuft come to
Wartley : the Tilue-male of the family ot which name
expir'd in Sir Francs IVortley, F who devis'd the great-
elt part of his eitate to Anne Newcomen, luppo :d to
be his natural daughter, the prelent wit: of the Ho-
nourable Sidney Hortley Elgqz (| ſecond fon of Edward
Mountague Lari of Sandwich, ſlain in the Dutch wars
28 May, 1672,) who 1n right of his {:id wit: is Lord
of WWertley.
[L)] Not far from hence is Wentworth. Of the fa-
mily of that name and place, was the Righe Honou-
rible Thomas Vilcount Wentworth, Lord Lieutenant |
of Ireland, created Earl of Strafford 15 Car. 1. and | plac | rk, Bro
'to King Edward 3. and grandfather to King Edv.
Knight of the moſt noble order of the Garter : who
being beheaded on Tower-hill 12 May, 1641. Iyeth '
here interrd, and was fucceeded in his Honours by '
his fon William the preſent E.ot Srrafferd, and Knight |
ol the {aid noble Order.
[c | The Don carrics us next to Sheafield,the Staple-
town for Knives, and has been ſo theſe three hun-
died years. Wines that Verſe of Chaucer's,
A
7 F
A Sheff,
reld whittle bare be in bu boſe.
Many of the Talbots, Earls of Shrew:bury, are here
interr d, particularly, George the hirſt of that name
and titl-, who dy'd the 26th of July, 1538. and his
grandſon of the fame name (to whoſe cuftody Meary,
Q. of Scots, was committed) the date of whoſe death
is now inſerted upon the Tomb | xviii. Novembris,
anno redenjptionis Chriſti OMDLXXXX 1 which is
the more warthy our obſervation , becauſe it wasde- |
ticient 1n that part when Sir #iiam Dvugdale publiſh'd
his * Baronage, His fon, Gilbert, likewiſe interr'd
here, gave 200 /. per An. to the poor of Sbeafeld,
where his great grandſon erected a {tately Hoſpital
wich this Infcription :
]he [{loſpi:al of ch» Right Honourable Gilber:
Eut of Sprewsbury,
ereaed and ktled by the Right Ilonourable Henry |
Eail oi Nerwich, Earl Marſhal of Englund,
G;cat grand child of the aforeſaid Earl, in
perluance of his laſt Will and Teſtament,
Anno Dom. 1673.
ren ns
— ——
Tize Manour of S$heaficld is deſcended from the ſaid |
Earl ivMiarioal io the preſent Duke of Norfo/k. "The
Caſtle (mention'd by our Author) was built of ſtone |
4a the time of Henr. 3. and was demolithe ( when
other Caſtles ailo were order'd to bs ragd) after the
Templc-
Baugh.”
death of King Charles the tirit. Here it 'was (or in
the Manour-houſe in the Park) that Mary Queen of |
>cots was detain'd Priſoner in che cuſtody of George |
Duke of Shrewsbury, b2twezn fixteen and ſeventeen '
years. Concerning the valt Oak tree growing in this
Park, I refer the Reader to Mr. Evelyn's account: of |
ic.
Betore the river Don comes to Rotheram, it paſſes
iCloſe by a fair Roman foxcification, call'd Temple- |
Brough. The North-ealit corner of ic is worn away ;
by the river ; the area is about 200 paces long, and
120 broad,beiides che agger ;/ and withour it is a very
large Trench ,, 37. paces. deep from the middle of
the Rarapice to rhe bottom, ..OQn.the outiide of it is
. another large bench, Upon, which are huge trees; and
-upon the fide of the bench of the high-way, there
- $12W a Cheſaur-tree, that had ſcarce any bark upon it,
' Ciom'dby three men.
bu: only upon me top-branches, which bore leaves.
It was not tall; but the Bole could ſcarcely bs fa-!
|
| On the North: fide of the river, over aginlt Towp/..
| brough, is a high Hill call'd 1/:»co-bank, from which
| 4 large bank is con:inu'd wichourt interruption almoſt by,
tive miles; being in one place cai't Danes-bank,
And about a quarter of a mile South from Kemp.
bank (over which this Bank runs) there is another
agger,which runs parallel with that trom a place call'd
Eirchwood, running towards Mexburgh, and termira-
ting within halt a mile of ics Welt-end; as Kemp-b:nk
runs by Swinton to Mexburg more North.
{ [ d | Felow, upon the fame river, Iyes R::he.
' ram , famous as for the birth of Thomas Rotheram.
lo allo for thatof the learned and judicious Dr. Robe;
| Sanderſon, late Biſhop of Lincoln Near which ij:
| Thribergh, the Seat of Sir William Reresby , Baro. 1
net.
e } Not far from hence is Conaboreough 7 the birth- c
place of Richard Plantagenc: Duke of Y ork, grandſon "7
4 Wark
who tampering too ſoon tor the Crown, wasbeheaacd
by King Henry 5. The Caſile here hath becn a larpe
[trong built Pile, whereof the out-walls are !tar 0';'g,
ſituate on a pleaſant aſcent f om the river, but nu
| over-topp'd by a high hill on which the town: !!and
| Betore the gate is an agger, by tradition ſaid to te t!:2
| burying place of Heng:/?. In the Church-yad, un
| Ger the wall, lyes a very ancient ftone of Þ:ue mar-
' ble, with antique figures upon it ; one reprefonting a
| man With a taiget encount! ing a vaſt wing=d Serpent,
; with a man bearing a target behind him. Ir is ridg'd
like a Coffin, on which is engraven a aan on hoile-
Is
| back, curiouſly cut, but very ancient,
| {f ] Nighthis towns Carhouſe, the Seat of Toby Ci!
| Gil Etq; High-Sheriff of the County 4. D. 1692.and |
| above three miles off is 4fo7, the ancient Seat of the *'
' Lord D' Arcys, now Earls of Holdernefs.
| g] Going-along with theriver, we come-to Don-!
caſter, where-in St. George's Church , the oniy one 1n
the town, is interr'd Thomas Ellis, five times Mayor,
and a BenefaQor, founder of an Hoſpital calld &:.
Thomas the Apoſtle :and one Eyrks tilat YaVe F
-.%
F -
wo hs g *
, ton-wood to the publick, with this uncouth Inicrip-
' tion upon his Tomb.
| Robin of Doncastere and Alargaret my Jearc, that] /7
Howe. Howe. Who is hare, :
#
XX... p
55 ph as}
1 +
that [ baa, that I gave that 1 tive, that Tihift that |
A. D. 1579. Enuib Robertus Byrics,who in th: 21
did reign threeſcore years and ſeven, and yet l:yed not one.
This place, fince our Author's time, nth atto!
ed the titizof Viſcount to Fares Hay Baron of
ley, created 16 Jac. r, and afterwards in the
year of the ſame Kinz, made Earl of Carlifle, a:
was fucceeced in his citate and titics by Jame:
jon, who dy'd without itfue. Wherevpon, in t
i5th of Car. 2, James Firz-Roy Baron of Tizda/e, was
created Earl of Doncaſter, and: Duke of Monmouti.,
[h } Thence Doze runneth by [6-2/1 whe
SIC George Cook Baronet, whole uncle [iran Corr to;
gave by Will 4.1660. the whole ReRoiy of At;
to five Truſtecs for the payment of ſo much to 4:2
Vicar there, as with his ancient itipend of 12 /. 1;
4 4, will amount to 100 ]. per Ann. He gave allo 45 4
per An. to a School-maſter to inftruc the poor of t':%
F.'1>
3 h*
"% i149
\.
11
+
-
*
_ _
.
> 1» © , \
F . _
| Pariſh, and 66 1 for the building of a Hoſpital 1or
twelve of the ancienteſt poor,, which receive caci
5 L. per An. His brother Sir George Cook Daren;
gave by Will (1683.) 200. and two Cottages 10!
building of a fairSchool-houſe. |
Scarce two miles from Arkſey, lyes Adwick '47 757 4
ſtreet, memorable on this account, that Mrs. Arre 5--
vill (a Virgin Benefator yer living ) daughter 0!
Fobn Savill of Medley Eſq; purchasd the Reaory
thereof, for which ſhe : gave. about gool. and has
ſ:til'd ir in the hands of Truftees for the uſe of :t:2
Church for ever: and .this from a generous and Pt
ous principle,upon the reading of Sir Herry Spel.cn ,
noted Treatiſe, De non temerandis Eccles. Mr. _—_
rock,
—_— — — ——
_— MES
_ — >
TORK SHIRE
TD W——_ - > -—_
" 726
— — —
Brook, the preſznt Incumbent, has erected this In- | yards deep, with his head northward, his hiir and
ſcription over the door of the Parſonage-houſe, built | nails not decay'd. Dr. 7obnfon has tlie band, and
from the foundation. at his own charge: Retoria de | tne arm to the elbow ; who by laying i
Adwich aceeſfit Clera ex dinatione D** Anne Savile ex | water, foftned it fo (tho' otherwiſe
proſapis Savillorum de M. tr 'ey 01nd. ener ) that he took out the bones, which were 120;
; | The next place of noce is Harfield-chace, where | gy. 'Tis faid that in the cut-river to Gowle, there
Cadwallis King of the Britains { the * printed: Bede | was found a Roman Coyn, either of Doziriay or
| calls him Carduella , but Cezdwallz l22nis to be the | Trajan. |
2 He/gate Archbiſhop ot York (depriv'd in the firſt of
right, as it is in a MS. Bede row in the hands of | [m] After the river Don, our no«t direction is the
Mr. Thoresby of Leeds ) wich Penda Pagan King of | river Calder, near which lyes Prid/cy, famous for the Boats
Aercia, 1a bloody battel ſl2aw Edwyn, the firlt Chi |
ſtian King of Northumberland , and Piince Offride |
his eldeſt fon in the year 633. Here are many Firr- |
trees found in the ground: and here was alfo the birch |
altace &f Priz:ce 1/%{:am {cond fon of K.E4.3. 4.1335. |
which the rather delervres our mention, becauſe by |
molt Hill orians,e 5 milplac'd at Hatfield inHetfordſhire; |
but that it 5 an errour, plainly appears by the Rolls, |
to the neighbouring Aihot 6: Roch, and 5 nobles to
the Monks there, to pray fur the foul of this her fon
Wilitarr de Hatfield, which fumms are transferr'd to |
the Church of Yoik, where he was buried,and are to |
this day paid by the Earl of Devonſhire to the Biſhop, |
and Lean and Chapter of York. out of the Impro-
priation of the Rectory of Hatfield, Near the town
are many entrenchments, as if ſome great army had
been there encampt. *Fis faid that no Rats have
ever been fern in this town ; nor any Sparrows at a|
plac: caiid Lm4barn, in the Moors below it; tho? it |
is a 200d earth for corn or paſture , but encompalt |
Witl 2 morals.
k | Near the confluence of Den and Avre,is Cowick, |
the pizalant Seat of the ancient family of the Dawneys
/which name occurs frequently amongſt the Sheritts |
of this County) of which Sir Job» Dawney was by
King Charles 2. 2dvanc'd to the degree of Viſcount
Downe 'n the Kingdom of treland.
[{ | Not far from Noft hill is Hemſworth, where Robert
Queen Marv for being marry'd) did An.1544. found
an Hoſpital for cen poor aged men, and as many wo- |
men, who have each about 1o /. per An. and the Ma- |
fter who is to read Prayers to them , betwixt 5o and |
60 |. per An. He was likewiſe a Benefactor to, if not |
Founder of, the School there.
The T-vels or Marſhes mention'd by our Author,
elpcciofly caliward, and north eaſt of Thorn ( a mar-
ker town) are generally a Turt-moor ; in other pla-
ces intermix'd with arable and paſtu'e grounds. By
rexon of the many Meres, it was formerly well-ſtor'd
with f eih-water hſh (etpecially Eels ) and Fowl. But
in the r2ign of King Charles 1. ſeveral Gentlemen
undertook to drain this morith and lenny country, by
drawing ſome large rivers, with otier ſmaller cuts.
There is an angle cut from about Thorne to Gowle,
which is ten miles in length , and extraordinary
broad. As to what our Author obſerves of the ground
being heav'd up, Dr. Fohn/ton affirms he has ſpoke
with ſeveral old men, who told him, that the Turt-
moor betwixe 7horn and Gowle was fo much higher
before the draining ( efpecially in winter-time) than
ty arc now ; that before,they could lee lictle of the
Church-ftecple, whereas now they can fee the Church:
yard wall.
Under the Turf.earth and other grounds, from
one yard to two yards deep, are frequently dug up
Ereat Quantities of firr-wood , and ſome oaks: the
wood of the latter being very black. At low water,
th: forefzid learned Doctor has often obferv'd in the
prext cut to Gowle-ſluce, ſeveral roots of trees ; ſome
very }a172 ſtanding upright, others inclining to the
ext : ſore of the trees have been found lying along
with their roots faſien'd, others feem'd as if cut or
. and broke off from the rocts. Upon the dig-
£12 of theſe large rivers,there were found gates, lad-
Gers, hammers, ſhoes, nuts, &c. and the land in
lone places was obſer v'd to lay in ridges and furrows,
3 it ir had been plow'd. Under fome part of the
»uri-more, firm earth was found ;- but in other places
nRthing bur fand
>
Abour thirty years ſince they met with the entire
of 2 man at the bottom of a Turf-pir, about four
burnt
vu Wy
-
| and contiguous paril
nativity of Si Herry Szwvil (brother © Sir jonnmen-
ton'd by Mr. Camden)Warden of Merion College,and
Provoſt of Eaton, the noble editor ct St. Chryſo-
ſkome.
[nj At ſome diſtance from this river is Filifax, to t12!ica-.
which town and pariſh Mr. Nathaniel Waterhouſe, by
x7 - . . , . -
Will datzd the firſt of July 1642. was an eminent
zenefactor {,by providing an Houſ for the I.eturer, + 5x: 3
which te:} us that Queen P34/1p54 gave 5 marks per 4». | an Hoſpital for 12 aged poor, and a Work-houſe for * * Vi
20 Chiidren (the Overicer whereof is to have 25 7.
per An.) and a yearly Salary to the preaching Mini-
iters of the 12 Chapelries, which, wich moneys tor
repair of the banks, amounes to 300 l. per Ann. Bri:
Crow:ther Clothier, gave allo 10 }. per An. to.the poor,
| and 20/. per An. to the Free-ſchool of Queen Elizabeth in
the Vicarage of Halifax. In this Charch is incerr'd
tne heart of Milliam Rokeby (of the Rokebys of Kir}..
| Sandal by Donca/fcr, where he was born) Vicar of
Halifax, and pe-rfon-of Sandall, aſterwards Biſhop of
Meath and Arci-b/up of Dublin, where dying the
29th of Nov. 1521.he order'd his bowels to be bury'd
'at Duvlm, his heart at Halifax, and his body at San-
dall, and 0v2r each a Chapel co be built ; which was
pertorm'd acco: Cingely. 1
The vaſt growth and incicale of this town may b:
guels'd ac from this inſtance, which appears in a M>.
of Mr. Fohn Brearcliff's, of one Fehn Waterhouſe Eiq;
born 4.1443. He was Tord of the Manour, and
livd nigh a hundred years; in the beginning of
whole time, there were in Halifax but 13 houles,
which in 123 years were increasd to above 520 houlſe-
holders that kept fires, and anſwer d the Yie An.
I 566.
It is honour'd by giving title to the Right Honou-
rabls Gecrge Lord Sawile of Eland, Exit and Mar-
| quiſs of Halifax : and with the nativity of Dr. Johr
Tillotſon, Arch-biſhop of Canterbury. $So that this
Welt-:iding of Yorkthire has the honour of both the
Metropuiitans of our Nation, Dr. 7obn Sharp Arch-
biſhop of York, _ born in the neighbouring town
of Bradford ; where Mr. Peter
Sunderland ( of an ancieat family at Higb-Sunderland
nigh Halifax) belides other benefactions, founded a
Lecture, and endow'd it with 40 1. per 4».
Bur nothing is mote remarkable than their mes 71, 1,
thods of proceeding againſt Felons ; which in ſhort
was this : That if a Felon was taken within the Li-
berty with Goods ſtoln out of the Liberties or Pre-
cinds of the Foreſt of Hardwick, he thould after three
Markets or Meeting-days within the town of Halifax,
next alter his appichenſion, be taken to the Gibber
there, and have his head cut off from his body. But
then the tat mull be certain ; tor he mutt either be
taken hand-habend, 1. e. having nis hand in , or being
in the very a of ſtealing ; or back berond, i.e. having
the thing ſtoln either upon his back, or ſomewhere
about him, wichout giving any probable account
how he came by it ; or laſtly confeſ/on'd, owning
that he ſtole the ching for which he was accuſed.
The cauſe therefore muſt be only 75efr, and that
manner of :heft only which is call d furtun: manifeſt n:,
grounded upon ſome of the forefaid evidences. The
value of the thing ftoln mult likewiſe amount to a-
bove 13 4. cb.for if the value was found only fo much,
and no more, by this Cuſtom he ſhould not dye tor
it, |
He was firſt brought before the Bailiff of Fzlifax ,
who preſently ſurnmon'd the Frithborgers within the
ſcveral Towns of the Foreſt ; and being found guil-
ty,within a week was brought tothe Scattold. The Ax
was drawn up by a pulley , and faſten'd witha pin to
the ſide of the Scalfold.If it was an horſe,an ox,or any
other creatuze, that was fftoln $5 it was brovght alony
. *
S227 15%
SY 30S
M2 itak.
BRIGANTES.
_ _ —— — - — ————— — — —
with him to the place of execution,and faſten'd to the| poor of London, 5© /. to York, 30 7. to Hull, with a
cord by a pin thzt ſtay'd the block. So that when| conſiderable eſtate amongſt his relations.
the time of execution came (which was known by| Farther from the Calder, lyes Burton-grange, Where Ban,
the Jurors holding up one of their hands) the Bailiff the no leſs religious than honourable Lady Mary Tal. *%:
or his Szrvant whipping the beaſt, thepin was plucke | bor, ſecond daughter and coheir of Hemy Talbe,,
out, and execution done. Bur if it was not done by fourth fon of the illuſtrious George Talbot Earl of
a beaſt, then the Bailiff or his Servant cut the Shrewsbury, ereted an Hoſpital for ſix poor widows,
rope. each of which have 4o s. and a Gown every year.
But the manner of execution will be better appre- | She built alſo and endow'd rwo other Holpitals in
hended by the following draught of it. other Counties during her life, and at her death (An,
| 1675.) left 401. per An. for 99 years, to be put to ſuch
like ules.
More to the ſouth is Staimbrough, where Henry EJ. St.
munds Eſq; has generouſly built a good houſe for the **«
Miniſter ; and Mr. Walker, late Maſter of Univer-
liety-College, has annex'd a Library to the {chool.
| Two miles fron! Howley is Drigblington, memora- Digy
| ble only for the nativity of Dr. Fames Margetſon late
' Archbiſhop of Armagh, who founded here a ſchool,
and endow'd it with 60 U. per An.
'q] The river Are, our next guide, runs to Skip. Sing
ton, where lye interr'd ſeveral ot the Cliffords, parti-
cularly, George third Earl of Cumberland, honourd
' with the Garter by Queen Elizabeth, and famous for
Silla Banuzs | his fea-ſervices, Eg * nine Voyages in his * lk
Ag WR pd LDN own perſon, molt of them to the Wet-Indies, being 2 ®
You -T- the beſt born Engliſhman that ever hazarded himſelf
6 Qu in that kind. He died 30 0#. 1605. leaving one only
daughter Ame, Counteſs of Pembroke, Dorſer, and
Montgomery, an eminent benetator, born 3o Jan.
1532. at Skipton-Caſtle in Yorkſhire , wherein 1 am
tue more particular, becauſe Dr. Fuller in his Wor-
thies ( Com. Weſt. p. 140.) out of a miſtake, ſays
'twas in Hertfordſhire. She buile from the ground, or
conſiderably repaird, ſix ancient Caſtles; one of
| which, Brough, had lain 140 years deſolate aſter the
SEL. it. _ = | fire GERIEY it, An. 1520. Another, Pendragon. 5: i:
Dos "Bentley in Halifax. caſtle (of which our Author tells us, nothing remain'd ,;;.
Frinbdgy e&ls By = oF in his time but the bare name and an a, ſtones,) ==
320 years after the invading Scots, under their King
David, had waſted it An. 1341. She built allo ſeven
Chapels or Churches, with ewo ſtately Hoſpitals
richly endow'd ; and ne = March A. D. _
: X . TIE This Country ( Craven ) hath given the ticle of Earl
- as pres of wood wherein the Axe 1s fix'd. : Z Lion Creven, Baron of Ha = fe 4 Marſhal, created
D. The Pulley by which the Axe is drawn up. | Lart ot Craven Mars 16. An. 16 Car. 2;
"= L he rw Be who lyes to be beheaded. : From hence the Are paſſeth by Thorneon, the ſeat of fark
F. The pin to which the Rope is ty'd that draws Richard Thornton Eq., to gs famous for Sir George
ae has | Rawden, a molt accompliſh'd perſon, who with 200,or
P tewer Britiſh, moſt valiantly repulſed Sir Ph:lim o Neile,
Canbodu- [0] On the other ſide of the Calder, is Cambodu- | at the head of an army of about 7000 rebels aſfault-
nu, »um, Which probably was buile moſt of wood, there | ing Liſnegarvy (now Lwburn) in Ireland, in that grand
being no manner of appearance of ſtone or brick. | maſſacre 1641. wherein thouſands of Proteſtants were
The fire that burnt it down ſeems to have been ex- | moſt cruelly murder'd. There now refideth Hemry
ceeding vehement, from the cinders which are | (ſon of Francs) Leyton Eſquire ; who, in purſuance
ſtrangely folder'd rogether. One lump was found of | of his ſaid father's will, has built there, and endow'd
above 2 foot every way,the earth being melted rather | with 20 /. po an. a Chapel, which was conſecrated
than burnt. But Mr.Camden's gueſs at a burning there | by Archbiſhop Dolben, 4 May 1684.
from the blackneſs of the ſtones in the buildings, is | { r ] Upon the ſame river is Leeds, (poflibly from L:4
groundlef; : for the edges of them are ſo in the Quar: | the Saxon Leod, gens, natio ; implying it to have
ry which is half a mile off; and ſo deep, that tor | been very populous in the Saxon times; ) which town
fire to reach them there, is impoſlible. and pariſh King Charles 1. by Letters Patents 1 July,
Wakefield, | p] Next, the Calder goes to Wakefield, where by | ſecond of his reign, incorporated under the govern-
the noble charity of the pious Lady Campden, is a | ment of one chief Alderman, nine Burgeſles, and
weekly Lecture, endow'd with fouricore pounds per | twenty Afliſtants ; Sir Fohn Sawil, afterwards Lord
An. The other ( for ſhe left three thouſand pounds | Sew, being the firſt Alderman, and his office execu-
coTruſtees for the founding two Lectures in the north | ted by Foby Harriſon Eſquire, a mcſt noble benefa-
of England) is at Grantham, Upon the 1ight hand | &or, and a pattern to ſucceeding ages. 1. He found-
of che high-way leading from Wakefield to Sandal, | ed a Hoſpital for relief of indigent perſons of good
there is a ſmall ſquare plot of ground hedg'd in from | converſation, and formerly induſtrious ; which he
a Cloſe, within which ( before the war between | endowed with 801. per an. and a Chapel, endowed
K. Charles and che Parliament ) there ſtood a Crofs| with 10 /. per an. for a Maſter to read Prayers, and
of ſtone, where Richard Duke of York was ſlain. | to inſtrut them. 2. He built the Free-ſchool (
The owners are oblig'd by the tenure of the land to | which Godfrey Lawſon Eſquire, Mayor of the Bur-
hedge it in from the Cloſe. The carved work of | rough of. Leeds An. 1669. has added a Library ) pla-
ſtone upon the Chapel, built by King Edward 4. on | ced it upon his own ground, and enclos'd it with 2
the bridge, hath been very beautiful, but is now | beautiful wall. 3. He built a moſt noble Church,
much defac'd. The whole ſtruture is artificially | dedicated to S. Fobny-the Evangeliſt, and endowed it
wrought about ten.yards long and fix broad. | with 8o /. per an. with 10 /. per an. to keep it 1n 7e-
At tome diſtance from hence is Darton of the Beru- | pair; and provided a houſe for the Miniſter. 4. He
monts, "of which Mr. George Beaumont a Merchanc left erected a ſtately Crofs for the conveniency of the
5-01. for the founding a Free-ſchool in this place of market. When his eſtate was almoſt exhauſted 1n
his nativity, as much to poor Miniſters, 150 /. to the acts of charity, he lefe the remainder for relief of
[ | fach
A A. The Scaffold.
YORKSHIRE.
| baniſh'd in the 6. of Hen. r. for being at the battel of
HP_—_—
fach of his relations as by the frowns of the world
hould unhappily be reduced to poverty, bequeath-
= 30 |. nnc4 5 be managed by four Truſtees, to
pur out the males to trades, and to the females
in marriage. And as thele are in of his cha-
rity, ſo in a Codicil annex'd to his Will, there is a
fair teſtimony of his ftrict juſtice and wa
I hereas 1 heretofore bought of Richard Falkingham Eſq;
divers lands and tenements, part of which I endow'd the
New Church withal, and part T ſince ſold to ſeveral per-
lons for a good ſum of money more than I purchas'd the
{ame for, 1 rhought my ſelf bound to beſtow upon the eldeſt
{en of John Green, and the eldeſt ſon of John Hamerton,
who marry d the cohcirs of the ſaid Richard Falkingham,
the ſurplus of all ſuch moneys as I ſold the lands for, over
and above what indeed they coft me : together with a
Irge addition thereunto: the produdt of the whole
ſim amounting to 1600 /. which upon a ſtrid eſti-
mate of his whole eſtate, appears to be a full half.
He was baptiz'd in S. Peter's Church at Leeds, the
15. of Aug. 1579. was chief Alderman 1626. and
again 1634. in which year the new Church of his
own foundation was conſecrated 21. Sept. by Richard:
Neile ; then Archbiſhop ot York. He dy'd Oct. 29.
A. D. 1656. wt. 77. and lyes interr'd under an Altar-
tomb of black marble in the faid Church ; over
which is the well-painted effigies of this BenefaQor
(in his ſ:a: '&r-gown,) the gift of the reverend Mr.
Henry Rob:*{on, the preſent incumbent, who 1s per-
haps the 119421e inſtance of one that enjoys a Church
Þth founded and endow'd by his own Uncle, and
tro whom there is a fair and near profpe of ſome
Tenercebray on behalf of Robert Duke of Normandy
againſt K. Henry, and dy'd the year after ; which
was before any other Archbiſhop ſucceeded in that
See, to whoſe name the initial T. will agree. 7homas
the ſecond indeed came preſently after (An. 1109. )
but this S. William (to whom the miracle is attributed)
was not poſleſs'd of it before 1153. From which it
is evident, that the town was call'd Pontefra# at leaſt
52 years before the miracle z and how much longer,
we know not.
Below che Church and a water-mill (call'd Box-
gate-mill ) there is a level ground nam'd the Waſh, the
road from Pontefratt to Knottingley, and the direteſt
way from Doncaſter to on ord. By this Waſh the
current of waters flowing fronr the ſprings above.and
ſupplying two mills, paſles into the river at Knotting-
ley. Bur it retains not that name above a large bow-
ſhot, being terminated by a plzce called Bubwith-
bouſes, where, by an Inquiſition taken in the reign of
Edw. 2. it appears that one Fobn Bubwith held the
eighteenth part of a Knights fee juxta weterem pontem
de Pontefrat, i. e. near the old bridge of Pontefract.
Which muſt have been over this #aſb; as will be
made more probable, if we conſider that even now
upon any violent rains, or the melting of ſnow, /it is
fo overflow'd as to be ſcarce paſſable; and that for-
merly, before the conveyance of the waters into cha-
nels co ſerve the mills, and the dreins made from
hence to Knotting ley, the paſſage muſt have been much
more difficult, and by conſequence the rather requir'd
a bridge. So then, the probability of a bridge over
this Waſh, the Record making the Pons de Ponteſs att
to be near Bubwith-houſes hard by, and there appcar-
ing no neceflity of a bridge in any other part of the
town ; it follows, that the bridg# which was broken
muſt have been here. And the occaſien of it being,
no doubt, very conſiderable, it was natural enough
for the Norman Lords (who knew what numbers of
places took their name from Bridges in their own
country ) to lay hold upon this opportunity of chan-
| ging the name; eſpecially when that former one of
exemplary ad of publick piety.
By a ſecond Patent, bearing date 2. Nov. 13 Car. 2.
the government of Leeds was alter'd to a Mayor, 12
Aldermen, and 24 Afliſtants. This place is now ho-
nour'd by giving the title of Duke to the right ho-
nourable Thomas Lord Marquis of Caermarthen,
Preſident of their Majeſties Council.
\$s] From Leeds, Are paſſeth by Temple Newſome,
: of old a Commandary belonging to the Knights Tem
plzrs, now the ſeat of the right honourable Arthur
hyram, Lord Viſcount Iwing in the Kingdom of
Scotland. ;
"t] Near the corffluence of Are and Calder is Caſt le-
E ford, a hiſtory whereof, Thomas de Caſtleford ( who
was bred a Benedictine in Pontfra#, and flouriſh'd
« An. 1326.) wrote, from As a Saxon, firſt owner
thereof, to the Lacies, from whom that Large Lord-
ſhip deſcended to the Earls of Lancaſter.
,. Not far from hence is Led/ton Hall, tormerly the
ſeat of the ancient family of the Withams, but late of
Sir John Lews Baronet, who having got a vaſt eſtate
during his nine years faRtorſhip for the Eaſt-India-
Company (much augmented by the Jewels preſented
him by the King of Perſia, who much delighted in
his company) dy'd here without iſſue-male, 14. Aug.
1671. He erected a curious Hoſpital ( which colt
400 I. building ) and endow'd it with 60 /. per an.
for the yearly maintenance of 10 aged poor people,
who by his Will are requir'd _— to obſerve
the Sabbath-day, and to be preſent at Church in
time of Divine-Service and Sermon.
[u] The occaſion upon which Polydore Virgil and
our Author ſay Pontefrat had its name, is by Dr.
Jobnſton obſerv'd to be altogether inconſiſtent with
the Records of the place, eſpecially in point of time.
At firſt it was call'd Kirkby : for in the Charter made
by Robert de Lacy ſon of Hildebert to the Monks of
St. John the Evangeliſt, they are ſtil'd De dominio ſuo
*. d Kirkby; and this he ſays, he did by advice of T.
'Archbiſhop of York. Yet the ſame Robert by ano-
ther Charter (to which are the ſame witneſſes, ex-
cept that T. Archbiſhop of York is added) confirms
other Lands and Churches Deo & S., Fobanni & Mo-
nachis mexs de Pontefratt. So that by this account, it
1s plain that in the time of T. Archbiſhop of York,
it had both the names of Kjrkby and Pontefrat?. Now
this T. could be no other than the firſt Thomas, who
came to the Archbiſhoprick about the eighth of the
Conquerour, and continu'd in it till about the begin-
ning of Henry 1. whom he crown'd, and ſoon atter |
dy'd. For Rehert, who granted theſe Charters, was
\
K:rkby, upon the building of more Churches round it,
grew leſs emphatical, and leſs diſtinguiſhing.
Whether the Caſtle was firſt buile by Alric the Sa-
xon, or by Hildebert, does not appear. In the hiſto- Monaſt.
ry of the Lacies indeed, the latter is ſaid to have caus'd 98) volz.
a Chapel to be erected in the Caſtle of Pontfract,
which he had buile. But ſince it's being demoliſh'd
of late years (among ſeveral others throughout Eng-
land, ) 'tis obferv'd that the round-tower ſtood upon
a raisd hill of very hard ſtiff clay : which looks as if
it had been of thoſe fort of fortifications the Saxons
call'd Keeps; and might from a fortification of earth
be built of ſtone by the ſaid Hildeberr.
[w ] Next is Sbirburn, now chiefly famous for the Shirburn.
benefa&tion of Robert Hungale Eſquire, a moſt zealous
Proteſtant, who by Will ordain'd the erection of an
Hoſpital and School, with convenient Lodgings, &<c.
tor 24 Orphans, who have each 5 /. per an. allow'd
for their maintenance there from 7 to 15 years of age,
and then a proviſion for binding them Apprentices,
or ſending them to the Univerſity ; which, with 301.
per an. to the Maſter (whois alſo to catechize them, )
20 marks for the Uſher, and as much to a man and his
wife for making ſuitable proviſions of meat and appa-
rel for the Orphans, and 40 marks per an. for 4 poor
ſcholars in S. Fohn's Coll. Cambridge, &c. amounts
to 250 þ. per an.
[x] Not far from hence is Hoſlewood, which has a j14gcwoog.
pleaſant proſpe& ; the two Cathedrals of York and
Lincoln, 60 miles aſunder, may thence be diſcover'd.
The Country within 10 miles, Dr. Tonſtsl Biſhop of
Durham affirm'd to King Hen. 8. (when he made his
progreſs to York, An. 1548.) to be the richeſt valley
that ever he found in all his travels through Europe,
there being 165 manour-houſes of Lords, Knights,
and Gentlemen of the beſt quality, 275 ſeveral woods, _
(whereof ſome contain 5 oo acres) 32 parks, and 2 cha-
ſes of deer; 120 rivers and brooks, whereof x are na-
vigable, well-ſtor'd with Salmon and other fiſh, 76
water-mills for corn, 25 cole-mines, 3 forges for ma-
king of iron, and ſtone enough for the ſame ; within
C©'2 thoſe
BRIGANTES.
| Burnſall,
Bolton.
Ikley.
Subham.
Brambope.
Harewo3d
(C altlc.
Wi 2hil!.
thoſe limits alſo as much ſport and pleaſure for hunt-
ing, hawking, fiſhing, and fowling, as in any place
of England beſides. ho POL es
[y] The river Wherf is the next in this Riding ;
upon the banks of it ſtands Burnſef, where Sir Wi
liam Craven not only built a School, but endow'd it.
He built alſo a Church there,and encompalſs'd it with
a wall that coſt 600]. He built in all four Bridges,
one of which coſt 500 /. another 250 {. and a Caule-
way that coſt 2001. He gave 1000 L. to Chriſt's
Hoſpital in London, and the Royalties of Creek,with
the perpetual donation ol the eigen to St. John's
College in Oxford. William, his eldeſt Son, much
affeting Milicary Diſcipline, was ſent to the wars of
Germany under Gu/ffavus Adolphus, the famous King
of Sweden, and after into the Netherlands under Hen-
ry Prince of Orange by King Charles 1. who alſo
advanc'd him to the dignicy of a Baron by the title
of Lord Craven of Hamſted - and 16 Car. 2. he was
dignify'd with the title of Viſcount Craven of Uſfing-
ton in Berkſhire, and Earl of Craven in York-
ſhire.
[z] The Wherf goes from hence to Bolton, now
honour'd by giving title of Duke to the Right Noble
Charles Pawler Marquiſs of Wincheſter, and Duke of
Bolton,
{aa] Next,to Ikley,which Mr.Camden proves from
an Altar to have been the Seat of the ſecond Cobort of
the Lingones ; but it ſeems rather to have been that of
the firlt Cobort, the laſt line of that Inſcription w_
not II LINGON. but P. LINGON. in the original,
as appears from Mr. FobnThoresby's Papers late of Leeds,
an eminent Antiquary, who accurately tranſcrib'dit,
being very critical in his obſervations upon Inſcripri-
ons and original coins,of which he had a valuableCol-
lection, beſides his own having purchas'd thoſe of the
Reverend Mr. Stonehouſe, and the Right Honourable
Thomas Lord Fairfax. This Muſeum is very much im-
rov'd, and ſtill growing, by the curioſity and indu-
firy of Mr. Ralph Thoresby, an excellent Antiquary,
who has a great variety of Manuſcripts, with other
Curioſities,and poflibly the beſt Colle&ion of Coyns
(particularly Roman and Saxon) that is in the King-
don).
The original Altar, mention'd by Mr. Camden is
remov'd to Stubham ; the new one erected at IBey,
has this Inſcription added upon the Reverſe :
GVILM: MIDLETON
M: ME:FECIT AD
AGINEM ANTI
LAPIDIS HIC
T I 1608.
ER
(bb ] At ſome diſtance from hence is Brambope ,
the Seat of the ancient family of the Dinelys ; of
which, Robert Dinely Eſq; (lately deceag'd in a good
old age, having ſeen four generations of moſt of the
" —_—
Not far from it is Helaugh-manour , which belongs Heay
to the honourable and ancient family of the Wharton,
in the Church whereof is the Monument of Sir 74-
mas Wharton, Lord Warden of the Weſt-marches ,
who gave fo great a defeat to the Scots at Solemm-mej,
A.1542. Nov.24.that their King,James the fifth,ſoon
alars 'd for grief. With 400.men,he not only defeated
their Army, 1 took * above a thouſand priſoners, + jj...
for which good ſervice he receiv'd ſeveral marks of ho- Hei.
nour. At Kirkby-Stephen he founded and endow'd a **'*
Free-ſ{chool.
[ce] Lower down upon the river is Tadcaſter, tyv.y.
where Dr. Owen Oglethorp (a native of Newton Kime)
Biſhop of Carliſle, who crown'd Queen Elizaberh
(the See of Canterbury being then void, and York
refuſing it,) founded a Free-ſchool , and endow'd it
with 40 /. per An. as alſo an Hoſpital for twelve poor
ple with good revenues. Here our Antiquary
ettles the Roman Calcaria, tho' Mr. Dodſworth pla- + ws.
ces it at Newton- Kime in the Water-fields, near S. He. "he
len's-ford : for many Roman coyns have been plow'd y. ;;,.
up there ; particularly of Conſtantins, Helena, and Con- cila
Hlantine ; alſo an urn or box of Alabaſter with only
aſhes in it : melted lead ; Rings, one whereof had a
Key of the ſame piece joyn'd with it. Dr. Johnſton
agrees with him ; and Mr.Henry Fairfax,a very learn-
ed Antiquary, was of the ſame opinion; who,among
many other coyns dug up here, was poſleſt of one
with this Inſcription , DOMITIAN VS CALCA-
RAVCI, and on the Reverſe,He is on horſe-back ſub-
{crib'd COS. VI. which he imagin'd might be coyn'd
here by Jaliw Agricola, about the year of Chriſt 8.
when he was Proprztor in Britain. Add te this,tha:
che Inhabitants call them borrow-pennies ; Which
ſhould ſeem to point out to us ſome large Town or
Burrow.
And as the Ceyns, fo the Roman High way makes
for this opinion. For it goes direRly to Roadgare and
croſles the river Wharfe at St. Helensford, undoubtedly
ſo call'd from Helens mother of Conſtantine the Great.
And the paſlage from that to York, is firmer ground
by much than that from Tadcaſter ; which would
hardly be paſſable, were it not for the Cauſey made
over the Common between Tadceſter and Bilburgh.
Now this Ford dividing the Roman Agger,may give
one juſt reaſon to expe& a Roman City or Station ra-
ther near this than any other place. Nor ought it to
be obje&ted, that there is at preſent no paſlage: for
it had formerly a bridge of wood, the fills whereot
yet remain ; but when that was broken down, and
the Wharf was not fordable, they found a way by
Wetberby.
Nor is there any thing our Author has ſaid in fa
vour of Tadcaſter, but what is equally, if not more ap-
plicable to Newton-Kyme. The diſtance holds more
exactly ; the hill call'd Kelc-bar is at Smaawe, which
1s nearer Newton than Tadcaſter. And as to Heina,
who remov'd to Calca-cefter ; 'tis pofſible enough there
might in thoſe early times be a Religious Houſe con-
Mag
neighbouring nobility and gentry) ereted a Chapel
with a competent endowment.
[cc]And upon the Iherf is Harewood-caftle,reduc'd
to a skeleton in the late Civil-wars, In the Church
are ſeveral curious Monuments for the owners of it,
and the Gaſcoyns, of whom, the famous Judge Sir
William Gaſcoyne, is the moſt memorable, for com-
mitting the Prince (afterwards King Henry .) pri-
loner ro the King's Bench, till his Father's pleaſure
was known ; who being inform'd of it, gave God
. thanks that at the ſame inſtant had given him a Judge
who could adminiſter, and a fon who could obev
juſtice. He was made Judge A. D. 1401. and dy'd
17 Dec. 1412. as appears by their Pedigree curiouſly
drawn by that accompliſh'd Antiquary Mr. Richard
Gaſcoyne ; and is the rather mention'd, becauſe moſt
Hiſtories are either deficient, or miſtaken therein.
| dd } Thence Whetf paſſeth by Wigbill, the Seat of
an ancient family of the Stapleton, of which,Sir Ro-
bert being Sheriff 23 Eliz.met the Judges with ſeven-
{-ore men in ſuitable Liveries. For a perſon well-
ſpoken, comely, and skill'd in the Languages, he had
[carce anequal (except Sir Philip Sidney) ja. ſu-
periour in England. .
Y
ſecrated to the memory of the pious Helena, about
| St. Helen'r-ford. At Calcaria liv'd alſo Adaman ( who
was afterward Abbot of Hue, or Huenſis, and dy'd
| Oct. 23. An. 704.) of whoſe name there ſeem to be
fome remains, in that place at Newton-Kyme calld
Adaman-grove.
| Thepreſent name (which carries in it ſomething
| of modern) ought not to be any prejudice to it. For
| ſince it is back'd with ſuch infallible proofs of Anti-
Quity ; this concluſion is very natural, that it was
; call'd New-town, when new buildings began to be
| erected upon the foundations of the old crown.
| [ff] Let us next berake our ſeves to the river Nis, 879
| upon which ſtands Ripley, the bicth-place of Sir George
Ripley, famous for his ſtudy after the Philoſopher 5
ſtone;whom I the rather mention,becauſe by Dr.Hol-
land, in an unwarrantable interpolation, he is fallly
plac'd at Ripley in Surrey.
g] From hence the Nid Carries us to Knares _
browgh, the Caſtle whereof is now demoliſh'd ; fo that ***
'tis Chiefly famous for four medicinal Springs nigh un-
to it ; and poflibly all England cannot produce a place
that may truly boaſt of four ſo near in ſituation, and
yet of a very different operation. 1. The Swee! 6
| O
i years, pious, charitable and
YORKS
HIRE.
134
or Vitrioline-well, diſcover'd by Mr. Slmgsby about the
vear 1620. 2. The Stinking or Sulphur-wel, ſaid to
cure the Dropſie, Spleen, Scurvy, Gout, &c. ſo that
what formerly was calld Dedecus Medicine, may be
call'd Pecus Fonts Knaresburgenſis, the late way of ba-
:bing being elteem'd very loveraign. 3. St. Mongabs
(not Magnus, amang us,mungus Or mugnas, as frequently
miſcall'd) or Kentigern's,a Scotiſh Saint,much honour'd
in theſe parts ; whom his Tutor Servanws Biſhop of
Orkney, lov'd beyond others,and us'd to call him AMon-
it: gab ||, in the Noriſh tongue, a dear friend.
| In the Church there (5. e. at Copgreve) 1s a memo-
' rable Epitaph for Fobn Wincupp Rector thereof for 54
peaceable, never ſu'd
any, nor was ſu'd, liv'd 52 years with his wife, had |
ſix children, and a numerous family ( boarding and |
teaching many of the Gentry) out of which not one |
dy'd in all that time ; himſelf was the firſt 8 July,
A.D. 1637. etat. 86, In the firſt particular he was
far out-done by his Country-man Mr. Moore, the
o0d old Puritanical Miniſter, who was Rector of
Guiſeley 63 years.
Two miles Northward, Sir Edward Blacke: has built |
2 moſt noble Hall, with delicate Gardens adorn'd with
ſtatues.
The fourth Medicinal opring is call'd the Dropping-
well, * the moſt famous of all the petrifying Wells 1n
England ; and the ground upon which it drops from
the ſpungy porous rock above twelve yards long, is
all become a folid Rock 3 from whence it runs into
Nid, where the ſpcing-water has made a rock , that
ſtretches ſome yards into the river. Yet it muſt be
confeſs d to fall ſhort of that ſtupendous Spring at Clar-
mont in Auverne, a Province in France, where the
Lapideſcent is fo ſtrong, that it turns all its ſubſtance
into ſtone, and being put into a glaſs will turn preſent-
ſuppoſing that they might be ereted in memory of
ſome battel fought there, but is rather of opinion thac
they were Britiſh Deities, agrecing with the Learned
Dr. Stilling fleet, and grounding upon the cuſtom of
the Phcenicians and Greeks (Nations undoubtedly
acquainted with - Britain before the arcival of che
Romans ) who ſet up unpoliſh'd ſtones inſtead of
images to the honour of their Gods.
(kk) Hard by this is Aldburrow , confirm'd to be ls urium-
the 15-wrium of the Ancients from ſeveral Roman
Coyns and chequer'd Pavements digg'd up there,
ſome of which are now in the Muſzum of the ingeni-
ous Mr. Thoresby.
But eo be alittle more particular upon the remains
of Antiquity,they meet with ; take the following ac-
count, which is the ſubſtance of a Letter from Mr.
Morrs, Miniſter of the place. Here are ſome frag-
ments of Aquiducts cut in great ſtones, and cover'd
with Roman tyle. In the late Civil wars, as they
were digging a Cellar, they met with a fort of Vaule,
leading, as 'tis ſaid, to the river: if of Roman work
( for it has not yet met with any one curious enough
to ſearch it) it might probably be a Repoſitory \-
the Dead. The Coyns (generally of brafs, but ſome
few of ſilver) are moſtly of Con/tantine and Carauſins;
tho” there are two of Maximian , Dioclefian, Valerian,
Severus, Pertinax, Aurelizs, and of other Emperours;
as allo of Fauſftine and Fulis. They meet with little
Roman heads of braſs ; and have formerly alſo found
coyn'd pieces of gold, with chains of the ſame me-
tal ; but none of late. About two years ago were
found four ſgone poliſht ſtones, three whereof were
Cornelians, The firſt had a horſe upon it, and a
ſtamp of Laurel ſhooting out five branches: the ſe-
cond, a Roman ſitting, with a ſacrificing diſh in one
hand, and reſting his other on a ſpear: the third a
44:7. ly into a ſtone of the ſame form. And | Perrws Fo- | Roman (if not Palas ) with a ſpear in one hand,
annes Faber, a French Phyſician, reports, that they | wearing a helmet, with a ſhield on the back, or on
-«,54, make bridges of it to rn their gardens over the | the other arm ; and under that fomething like a qui-
rivulet that comes from it: for by placing timber,and | ver hanging to the knee: the fourth ( of a purple
. Roxr' Nor muſt Robert's Chapel be forgot, being a Cell
;- . ture of their being ſet up as Trophies by the Romans
; © May be allow'd, is not fo certain. A * later Antiquary
then pumping up the water upon it,they have a com-
plete ſtone-bridge in 24 hours.
hewn out of an entire Rock, part of which is form'd
into an Altar which yet remains, and three heads,
which (according to the devotion of that age) might
be deſign'd for the Holy Trinity. The ſaid Robert Foun-
der of the Order of the Robertines, was the ſan of
4 One Flower, who was twice Mayor of York; F where
'® he was born,and forſaking his fair Lands,betook him-
ſelf to a ſolitary life among the Rocks here, where he
dy'd about the year 1216,
Upon the adjoyning Foreſt , was lately found a
large ftately Medal inſcribd, JOKE NDAL
RHODI TVRCVPELLERIVS. Rev. TEMPORE
OBSIDIONIS TYRCHORVM. MCCCCLXXX.
+, Which is the more remarkable, becauſe it ex-
preſſeth the preſence of our Country-man Kendall
(with his image and arms ) in that famous ſiege of
Rhodes, when the great Mabomet was worſted. It is
now in the hands of Mr. Ralph Thoresby of Leeds.
" Eaſt from Knarebrough ſtands Ribſon-ball, the plea-
lant Seat of the Right Honourable Sir Henry Good-
rick Baronet, Ambaſladour from King Charles the
ſecond to the King of Spain , now Privy-Councellor
and Lieutenant of the Ordnance of the Tower of
London.
[bh] Another river call'd Ure muſt be our next
diretion, carrying us to Rippon, where in the Min-
ſter-yard is this modeſt Inſcription for a two thou-
land pound Benefa&tor : Hic jacet Zacharias Fepſon,
Cujns etas fuit 49. perpaucos tantum annos Vixit.
[11] It brings us next to Burrowbridge, where the
* Pyramids , calld by the common people the De-
vil's Arrows, are moſt remarkable. That they are
artificial, we have the opinion of Mr. Camden ; and
the Dewit's Coits in Oxofrdſhire confirm it, which Dr.
£ | Plot affirms to be made of a ſmall kind of ſtones ce-
& mented together, whereof there are great numbers in
the fields thereabout. But whether our Author's conje-
ems inclin'd to conclud2 them to b; a Britiſh work;
bi hop (Matthew Parker of Canterbury )to hec fathec-
colour ) has a Roman head like Severus or Antonine,
Several Pavements have been found about a foot -
under-ground, and compals'd” about with ſtones of
about an inch ſquare ; but within are little ſtones of
a quarter that bigneſs, wrought into knots and flow-
ers, after the Moſaick-faſhion. No Altars are met
with ; but pieces of Urns and old Glaſs are common.
In the Veſtry-wall of the Church is plac'd a figure
of Pan or Silvanw, in one rough ſtone nyched.
[11] From hence the Ure or Owſe runs to ork , in you.
the Antiquities whereof our Author has been ſo par-
ticular, that we have lictle to add. This ancient
and noble City might have had an agreeable light, if
Sir Thomas Widdrington, a perſon accompliſhe in all
Arts, as well as his own profeflion of the Laws,after
he had wrote an entire Hiſtory of it, had not upon
ſome diſguſt, prohibited the publication. The origi-
nal Manuſcript is now in the poſleflion of Thomas
Fairfax of Menſton Elq.
Near the Caſtle ſtands the ſhell of Chford's Tower,
which was blown up the 24th of April, 1684.
In the year 1638. in a houſe near Biſhop-bi/}, was
found this Altar, which is now at the Duke of Buck-
ingham's houſe in York :
I. O. M.
DIS. DEABVSQVE
HOSPITALIBVS PE
NATIBVSQ. OB. CON
SERVATAM SALVTEM
SVAM: SYORVMQ.
P. AEL. MAR CIAN
VS. PRAF. COH.
ARAM. SAC. NCD.
Cmm] Dr. Tobias Matthews was Archbiſhop of * Inicripe.
this place, * whoſe wife Frences, a prudent Matron, &'*, .
daughter of Biſhop Barlow ( a Confefſor in Queen York.
Mary's time) was a great Benefa&reſs to che Church,
beſtowing upon it the Library of her husband, which
conſiſted of above 3000 Books. She is memorable
likewiſe for having a Biſhop to her father , an Arch.
-11
BRICANTES.
in-law, four Biſhops to her brethren, and an Arch- | Thomas Lord Fanfax, General of the Parliament.
biſhop to her hucband. army, who merits a memorial here upon account of
[nn] The Cathedral Church, afcer it had been | the peculiar reſpe& he had for Antiquities. As an
burnt down in K. Stephen's time, by little and little | inſtance whereof, he allow'd a conſiderable penſion
reviv'd. The Thoresby mention'd by our Author was | to that induſtrious Antiquary Mr. Dodfworth, to col.
a great benefaQtor to it ; and the 29th of July 1631. | let thoſe of this County, which elſe had irrecover.
laid the firſt ſtone of the new Quire, to which, at ably periſh'd in the late wars. For he had but juſt
16 payments, he gave ſo many hundred pounds, be- finiſh'd the tranſcript of the Charters and other Ma.
ſides many other lefs ſums for particular uſes towards | nuſcripts then 'ying in St. Mary's tower in York, be-
© -- ins on that work. As he was Archbiſhop of | fore the ſame was blown up, and all thoſe facred re-
. f alſo was he Lord Chancellour of England, mains mix'd with common duſt. * And when that +;
and Cardinal, ( which I the rather take notice of | garriſon was furrender'd to the Parliament, he took ©. pe
"ere, becauſe he is omitted by Onaphris, ) as the In- | great care for the preſervation of the publick Library, P. 7
ſcription of his ſeal teſtifies. S. Fobs & Sci P.” ad vim and bequeathed to it many MSS. with the ColleQi-
cula presbyteri Cardimals. ons aforeſaid , which of themſelves F amounted to
The Ghenbens of this Cathedral were wy ta- x ab re at _ : by
| ingenious Archite&, and are as follows : Pp ur next place upon the river is Selby, part
tary hay of which ancient Ka” beautiful Church, with half of
the ſteeple, fell down ſuddenly, about 6 a clock on
Sunday morning, 3o March 1690.
From hence our Author carries us to Eſcricke, Ei
which gave the title of Baron to Sir Thomas Knivet,
He was Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber to King
James x. and the perſon intruſted to ſearch the vaults
under the Parliament-houſe, where he diſcover'd the
36 barrels of gun-powder and the perſon who was
' to have fir'd the train.
[qq)] Afterwards the Ouſe paſſeth by Drax, where
the benefa&tion of Charles Read Eſq; (a native of the
00] Southward from York is Nun-Apleton, fo call'd | place, and Judge in Ireland) ought not to be omitted.
from a Nunnety founded there by the Anceſtors of | He erected here a Hoſpital, as alſo a School-houſle,
the Earls of Northumberland ; afterwards the ſeat of | and endow'd them with 100 /. per an.
Spelm.f7
Þ1 Canc ?l-
larics.
+tlhd
H £4
I* 77
Feet.
Length beſide the buttreſſes — 524
breadth of the eaft-end ——— — - oF
breadth of the welt-cend —————— —— 109
b:2adch of the Croſs from north to fouth—222
breadrch-of the Chapter-houſe — ——— o58 ;
he'-ht of the Chapter-houle to the Canopy 086 ;
height of the body of the Minſter ——— 099
height of the Lanthorn to the Vault 188
height to the top-leads 213
——_—
Nin.
Apleton.
EAST-RIDING.
\ Aſft-Riding, or the eaſt part of York-
ſhire [a], where the Pariſi are ſeated by
Ptolemy, makes the ſecond diviſion of
this County ; lying eaſt of York. The
north and weſt ſides of it are bounded
by the winding courſe of the river Der-
makes mention of a Captain over || the Company, | as
Derventienſes, under the General of Britain, that lived ®*
here: and in the time of the Saxons it ſeems to have ©
been the Royal Village, ſituated near the river Dore-
wventio ( lays Bede) where Eumer, that Aſſaflin ( as
the ſame Author has it ) puſhed with his ſword at
Montfer=
rant.
Hiſtoria _
ent ; the ſouth by the xſtuary of Humber ; and the
north by the German Ocean. That pare of it towards
the ſea and the river Derwent is pretty fruitful ; but
the middie is nothing but a heap of mountains, call-
ed © Torkeſwold, which ſignifies Jorkſhire bills. The r1-
ver Derventio, or as we Call it Derwent, riſes near the
ſhoge and runs towards the weſt, but then turns a-
gain towards the forth, and paſles by Airon and Mak
zon 5; which becauſe they belong to the North-Riding
of this County, I ſhall reſerve tor their proper pla-
ces. As ſoon as the river has enter'd this quarter, it
runs near the remains of that old caſtle Mentferrant,
which belonged formerly to the Fofſards, men of
Meauxenlis preat honour and eſtates. But William Foſſard of this
Derventio.
family being in ward to the King, and committed to
the guardianſhip of William Je Groſſe Earl of Albe-
marle, enraged the Earl fo by debauching his fiſter
(tho? he was then but very young) that in revenge he
demoliſhed this caſtle, and forced the noble young
Gentleman to forſake his country. Yet after the death
of the Earl he recovered his eſtate ; and left an only
daughter, who was married to R. de Tornham, by
whom ſhe had a daughter, afterwards married to Pe-
ter de Male-lacs; whoſe poſterity being enriched
with this eſtage of the Foſſards, became very famous
Barons [b]. Not far from hence ſtands a place ſeat-
ed upon a bank of the river, called Kirkham, i. e. the
place of the Church ; for here ftood a College of Ca-
nons, founded by Walter Efpec, a very great man,
whoſe daughter brought a vaſt eſtate by marriage to
the family of the Roſes. Next, but ſomewhat lower
upon the Derwent, there ſtood a city of the fame
name, which Antoninus calls Derwentio, and tells us |
it was ſeven miles diſtant from York. The Notitia
— - — - — — — — —
* Wold in Saxon ſignifies a large plain withour woods. =# See the General part, under the title Normans,
" Sir Thowas.
Edwin King of Northumberland, anc! had run him
through, if one of his retinue had not interpos'd, and
ſav'd his maſter's life with the loſs of his own. Where
this place is, I could never have diſcover'd, without
the light I have received from that polite and accu-
rate ſcholar Robert Marſhall. He ſhewed me, that
at the diſtance from York I mention'd, there is a lit-
tle town ſeated upon the Derwent called Auldby,
which ſignifies in Saxon, rhe old habitation ; where
ſome remains of antiquity are ſtill extant : and uoon
the top of the hill —_ the river, is to be ſeen the
rubbiſh of an old caſtle: fo that this cannot but be
the Derventio, From hence the river flows through
Stanford: bridge, which from a battel fought there is
alſo called Battle-bridge | c]. For here Harald Haard- %"
read the Norwegian (who with a fleet of 200 fail had "©
infeſted this Kingdom, and from his landing at R:-
chal had marched thus far with great outrage and dc-
vaſtation ) was encountred by King Harold of Eng-
land : who in a fair battel here, ſlew him and a great
me of his army, and took ſo much gold among the
poil, that twelve young men could hardly bear it up-
on their ſhoulders, as we are told by Adam Bremen',
This engagement was fought about nine days betore
the coming in of William the Conquerour ; at which
time the diffolute luxury of the Engliſh ſeems to have
foretold the deſtruction of this Kingdom. * But ot
this we have ſpoke already.
The Derwent (which as often as 'tis encreas'd
with rains, is apt to overflow the banks, and lay ali
the neighbouring meadows a-float ) paſſing from _
hence to HWreſhil, a Caſtle neatly builc and fortitied by =
' Thomas Percy Earl of Worceſter ; runs at laſt more
ſwiftly under Babthorpe, which has given both a ſeat %*
——
and
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TORKTT HERE ©
738
and name to a famous family of Knights there ; and
from thence into the Ouſe.
of this family, (I muſt not forger co. be ſerviceable
ro their memories, who have been ſerviceable to
their King and Country ) were ſlain in the battel of
S. Albans, fighting for Henry 6. and lye buried there
with this Epitaph.
Cum patre Radulpbo Babthorpe jacet ecce Radulphus
Filins, boc duro marmore preljus bumo:
Henrici ſexti dapifer, pater Armizer eus,
Mors ſatus it docuit, fidus utcrque futt.
The two Ralph Babthorps, tather and his fon,
Together lye interr'd beneath this ſtone.
One Squire, one Sew'r to our ſixth Henry was :
Both &y d 1'th eld, both in their maſtei's caule.
Now th2 Derwent, wich a larger ſtream, glides on
- nzar Howden, a mark:t town, remarkable not for it's
_neatneG 07 refort, but for giving name to the neigh-
bouring territory, which from it 1s called Howden-
lire ; and not long fince, for having a pretty Colle-
giare Chiwvrch of tive Prebendaries, to which a houſe
of the Biſhops of Durham is adjoyned, who have a
vait eſtate hereabouts. Walter Sk:r/aw, one of them,
who flouriſh'd about the year 1390. (as we find in
Church, that m caſe of a ſuddcn inundation, the inbabi-
tants might ſave them(elves in it. Not far diſtant from
hence is Metham, which gives a name and ſeat to the
fimous and ancient family of the Methams | d].
The Ouſe grown more ſpacious, runs with a ſwift
5 and violent ſtream into the Eſtuary 4bw, the name
by which it is expreſſed in Prolemy [ e |; but the
S1z01n5, and we at this day, call it Humber *, and
{75111 it all that part of the country on the other ſide
was in general termed Nordan bumbria. Both names
{->m to be derivatives from the Britiſh Aber, which
ſignifies the mouth of @ rrver, and was perhaps given
to this by way of excellence, becauſe the Urw or
Oy, with all choſe ſtreams that fall into it, and ma-
ny other very conſiderable rivers, diſcharge them-
{ves here. And ic is, without queſtion, the moſt
lpacious Eſtuary, and the beſt ſtor'd with fiſh, of
any in the Kingdom. Ar every tide, it flows as the
{za does, and at ebb returns it's own waters with
thoſe borrowed from the Ocean, with a vaſt hurrs
and murmur, and not without great danger to thole
that then fail in it. Hence Necham :
Fulthus equorew Nauts ſufpettior Humber
Dedignans urbes wiſere, rura colit.
Humber, whom more than ſeas the Pilots fear,
Scorning great towns, doth thro' the country ſteer.
The ſame Author, ſtill following the Britiſh hiſto-
ry, as it the Humber deriv'd this name from a King
of the Hunns, continues :
Humnorum princeps oftendens terga Locrmo,
Submerſus nomen contulit Humbr# aque.
The Hunne's great Prince by Locrin's arms ſubdu'd,
Here drown'd, gave name to Humber's mighty flood,
Another Poet ſays of the fame river :
Dum fugit, obſt at ei flumen, ſubmergitur llc,
Deque ſuo tribuit nomme nomen aque-
Here ſtopt in's flight by the prevailing ſtream,
He fell, and to the waters left his name.
However, in Necham's time, there was no city
ſeated vpon this Aſtuary ; tho? before, and in after-
apes, there flouriſhed one or two in thoſe places. In
the Roman times, not far from its bank upon the lit-
tle river Foulneſſe, where Wigbton, a ſmall crown, well
Irequented wich h:sbandmen, now ſtands ; there
Pi. hems to have ſtood Delzovitia ; as is probable both
from the likene(s and the fignification of the name,
without drawing any other proofs from its dittance
—_—
A tather aad fon, both |
the book of Durham ) built a huge tall ſteeple to thu
| from Derwentio. For the word De{owe in Britith, 1 2-
nifies the Statues or Images of the hearhen Gods ;
and in a little village not far off, there ttcod an
Idol-Temple; in very great glory even in the £:x0n 5...
times, which from the heathen Gods in it was then
Called Ged-mundingham, and 'now in the {xme' f2nic,
| Godmanbam. ' Nor do I queltion, but here was {me ©
famous Oracle or other even in the Briciſh cimes ; ©
{an age wherein weakneſs and ignorance expo- *.f-0e
[ſed the whole world to theſe ſuperſticions. But
' after Paulinus had preach'd Chriſt to the Nor-
| thumbrizns, Coyfi, who had been a prieſt of thele
| heathen Ceremonies, and was now converted tov
Chriſtianity, firſt profaned ths Temple, th+ houſe of nr
| piety ( as Bede telis us) * by throwing a ſhear into it ; *
| nay deſtroyed and burnt it with all its | hedges | © |.
| Somewhat more eaitward, the river Hull runs into
the Humber: the riſe of irc is near a village call'd
; Driffeild, remarkable for the monument of Aled, the Prif-'4.
' moſt learned King of the Northumbrians ; and like-
; wile for the many Barrows raisd hereabouts. The
fame river poſts on, running not far from Leckenfeld, Leckent.!!.
a houſe of che Percies Earls of INEY near
which, at a place called Schorburg, is the habitation
of a truly famous and ancient family, the Horhams ;
and at Garthum, not far from thence, the rubbitk of
an old caſtle, which belonged to P. de Malw-lacn or
Mauley, The river- Hull begins now to approach
near Beverley, in Saxon Beuep-lega , ( which Bede 8cvertcr.
ſeems to call Monaſfterium in Deirwaud, that is, the
| Monaſtery in the wood of the Deiri, ) a town large
and very populous. From it's name and fitnation,
| one would imagine it to be the Petuaria Parifiornm ; Peron».
| tho? it pretends to nothing of greater antiquity, than
that Jobs ſirnamed de Beverley, Archbithop of York,
| a man (as Bede repreſents him) that was both devout
and learned, out of a pious averſion to this world,
renounced his Biſhoprick, and retired hither ; where,
about the year 721, he died. The memory of him
has been ſo facred among our Kings (particularly
Atbeltan, who honoured him as his Guardian-Saint
after he had defeated the Danes,) that they have en-
dowed this place with many conſiderable immuni-
ties 3, They granted it the privilege of a San@&uary,
that it ſhould be an inviolable prote&ion to all ag!
Bankrupts , and thoſe ſuſpe&ed of Capital crimes.
Within it ſtood a Chair made of ſtone, with this
' Inſcription : |
HACSEDES LAPIDEA Freedfool
DICITVR, i. PACIS CATHEDRA ; AD
QVAM REVS FVGIENDO PERVE-
NIENS OMNIMODAM HABET
SECVRITATEM.
That 1s,
S* 3D
Life ot Jo.?
de Rzverley
Thu Stone-ſeat u call'd Freedſtooll, 5. e. the Chair of
Peace, to which what Crimmal ſoever flies, ſhall have full
protetF;on.
By this means the Town grew up to a conſidera-
ble bulk ; ſtrangers throng'd thither daily, and the
Towns-men drew a chanel from the river Hull for Ti :i::;
the conveyance of foreign commodities by boats and ****--
barges. The Magiſtrates of the Town were firſt,
twelve Wardens, which were after that chang'd to Go-
wvernours and Wardens. But at this day, by the favour
of Queen Elizabeth, the Town has a Mayor and Go-
wvernours | g ). More to the Eaſtward, flouriſh'd Meaux-
Abbey, lo denominated from one Gamell born at Meaux
in France, who obtain'd it of William che Con-
querour to live in. Here William le Grofi, Earl of Al-
bemarle, founded a Monaſtery for the Monks of the
Cluniack Order, to atone for a vow he had mads,
whereby he was oblig'd to go to Jeruſalem. Some-
what lower, ſtands Cortimghem,a long Country-town, ©iivg)
where are the ruins of an old Caſtle buile ( by King t"-
John's permiffion ) by Robert EFotevill, deſcended Eitoreril.
from Robert Grundebeofe a Normzn Baron, and a man
i} vo,
Regitf. «T4 _
nalt. dc ;
Mea AX »
— —
' Pref alſo the Comtr,y beyond it, by a genera! name was cal'd No
Pr, Ail's tice, wnkel As acait nay thin?., 6
” =
videeg
2 — — —
thumberland. 3 And Athciitin aranted them 1.5:
ie; in theſe Ze eral
Aaaxa of
— —
eve may ice.
of great note in thoſe times ; whoſe eſtate came by the Haven is block'd up and ufelefs ; that ir has not
marriage to che Lords !e Wake, and afterwards by a the leaſt ſhew of that grandeur it pretends to have
daughter of fobn de Wake to Edmund Earl of Kent, had. Which may teach us , that the condition of
from whom deſcended Joan , wite to Edward that Towns and Cities is "_ jot as unſtable as the ſtate
moſt warlike Prince of Wales, who defeated the and happinefs of men, King John granted to Bald.
French in ſo many Engagements. The river Hull win Earl of Albemarle and Holderneſ, and to bis wife
about ſix miles from hence falls into the Humber. | Haws, free Burgage here, ſo that the Bargeſſes mig ht holl
J«it at its mouth, ſtands a Town call'd from it Kmg- in free burgage by the ſame cuttoms with York and * Nichol.* \.
{on upon Hull, but commonly Huf. The Town is of , At preſent the Town begins to flourith again, and has
1 no great antiquity ; for King Edward the firſt, whoſe ſome hopes of attaining to its former greatneſs. Some.
royal virtues deſervedly rank him among the greateſt | what farther in the fame Promontory, there ſtands
Plac. an. 44 and beſt of Kings, having obſe;v'd the advantagious | an ancient Town call'd Pretorium by Antonius; x
E 3 £2 ſituation of the place ( which was firſt call'd #& )| but we now name it Parrmgton, as the Italians do Pe. ts.,
ning: mn
Upon H |
24.
had ic in exchange from the Abbot de Meaux ; and
inſtead of the Vaccari: and Bercar:i ( that is, as I ap-
prehend it, Cribs for Cows and Sheep-folds) which he
found there, he built the Town call'd Kmgſton , fg-
nitying the King's Town ; and there ( as the words of
the Record are) he made a harbour and a free burgh,
making the inbabuants of it free burgeſſes, and granting
them many liberties. By degrees it has grown to that
trovina from the Town Pretorium. '-That I am vot
miſtaken here, the diſtance from Delgovitia, and the
name ſtill remaining, do both ſhew ; which alſo does
in ſome ſort imply, that this is the Petuaria which
goes corruptly in Copies of Ptolemy for Pretoriun,
But whether it took the name from the Pretorium ,
which was their Court of Juſtice, or from fome large
and ſtately edifice ( for ſuch alſo the Romans calld
|
dignity, that for ſtatley building, ſtrong forts, rich | Pretoria) does not appear []', The Inhabitants do
fleets, refort of merchants, and plenty of all things, | ſtill boaſt of their antiquity, and the former excel.
'tis without dpute the moſt a Town inthele | lence of their Haven ; nor do they leſs glory in the
parts. All this increaſe is owing,partly to Michael de | pleaſantneſs of the place, having a very fine proſpeR,
la Pole, who upon his advancement to the Earldom | on this ſide as it looks toward the Ocean, and on that,
of Suffolk by King Righard the ſecond, procur'd them | as it ſurveys the Humber and the ſhores about it , to-
their privileges, and partly to their trade of ]{cland-fiſh | gether with the green skirts of Lincolnſhire. The
Stockfiſh. d:y'd and hardend, term'd by them Stock-fiſh 5 which | Roman way from the Picts wall, which Antoninus
tu;nsto great gain, and has ſtrangely enrich'd the | the Emperour firſt trac'd our, ends here. So Ulpian
Town. Immediately upon this riſe, they fortify'd | tells us, chat High-ways of that nature end at the Sea,
the place with a brick wall and many towers,on chat | at a River, orat a City. Somewhat lower ſtands.
ſide where they are not defended by the river ; and | Winſted, the Seat of the Hildeards, Knights : and a **
Cobleſtones brought in ſuch a quantity of ſtones for ballaſt,as was | little higher Roſe is ſeated, which gives name, as it did
ſufficient to pave all parts of the Lown. As I have | heretofore a ſeat, to that famous race of Barons db
been inform'd by the Citizens,they were firſt govern'd | Rofſe : and upon the ſea, Grinfton-garth , where the ©
by a Warden, then by Bailfs, after that by a Mayor | Grimſtons long flouriſh'd. From hence at no great
and Bailfs ; and at laſt they obtain'd from Hen | diſtance ſtands Riſe, formerly the Houſe of thoſe No-
ry the ſixth, that they ſhould be govern'd by a Mayor | blemen, call'd de Faulconberge. In the very tongue of
and Sher:ff,and that the City ſhould be a County cor- | this Promontory, where 1c draws moſt towards a, .
porate of it (elf, as the Lawyers term it. Concerning the | point, and cakes the name of Spurnbead, ſtands the ,,z
tirſt Mayor of thisCity,it may not be cedious to relate | little village Kz//nſexy, which ſhews plainly chat this 5=%
De la Plc.
this pallage from the Regiſter of the Abbey de Melſa
or de Meaxx, tho' the ſtile be barbarous. William de la
Pole, Kt. was firſt @ Merchant at Ravens-rod, skilful in the
arts of trade, and inferidur 10 ns Engliſh Merchant what-
ſorver. He afterwards living at Kingſton upon Hull,
was the firſt Mayor of that Town, and founded tbe Mona-
ftery of St. Michael, which now belongs to the Carthuſian
Monks, near the ſaid Kingſton. Hu «ldeſt ſon * Michael
is the Oce//um in Ptolemy : for as Kellnſey comes from
Orellum, fo withovrt doubt this Ocellum is deriv'd from
7-kill, which ſignifies in Britiſh a Promontory , or 6
narrow ſlip of ground , as I have already ſid {m |.
From Oce/lum the ſhore gradually withdraws , and
with a ſmal] bending runs northward by Overihorne and
Witherenſey, little Churches, call'd from the ſiſters that
buile them Si#ers kirks ; and not much wide of Cor
i
my
de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, cauſed the ſaid Monaſtery to | ſftable- Burton , ſo nam'd from the Lords of it,who by 2
be inhabited by that Order. William de la Pole aforeſaid | marriages are ws to very honourable families, and
lent King Edward many thouſand pound: of gold, during | flouriſh in great ſplendour at this day. Roberrt of this
bs abode at Antwerp in Brabant. For tha reaſon the King | Houſe (as we find it in Meaux-Abbey-book) was one
made him chief Baron of his Exchequer, gave bim by Deed | of the Knights of the Earl of Albemarle, who being old
the Seignicry of Holdernefs, with many other Lands then | and full of days, took upon bim the Croſi, and went with
belonging to the Crown, and made bim a Baneret. lt any | King Richard to the Holy Land. Then by Skipſy,
one queſtions the truth of this, the Records of the | which Drugo the firſt Lord of Holdernefs forutyd
Tower will, I hope, fully fatistie him; there it is ex- | wich a Caſtle. Here the ſhore begins to ſhoot again
preſly, William de Ia Pole dile& us, walettus, & mercator | into the Sea, and makes that Bay, call'd in Ptolemy
noſter. Now Vale&xs (that I may obſerve it once tor | Eaiuwey Gabrantovicorum, which Ain Latin Tranſla-
all) was then an honourable tiile both in France and | rors render Portwoſus (mus, others Salutaru. Neither ws
England ; but afterwards coming to be meanly ap- ' of them expreſs the ſence of the Greek word better
ply d to ſervants, fo that the Nobilicy diſliked it , the than that little cown in the turn of jt, call d Swerly.
title was Changed, and he was call d Gentleman of' For that which is ſafe and free from danger, is by the
the Bed chamber [h] | Britains and Gauls call'd Sexr ; as we alſo do in Eng-
From Hull, a large promontory ſhoots out into | liſh, who probably derive it from the Britains. There's
the Sea, call d by Ptolemy Ocelum, by us at this day | no reaſon therefore why we ſhould queſtion, but this
Holdernefs, A certain Monk has call'd it Cave Dera, | was the very © Evniuwy Gabrantovicorum, a people that ©”
that is to ſay, the bolow Country of the Deiri, in the ſame | liv'd in this heighbourhood [n] Near this is Brid- ©
ſence that Cele{yris is fo call'd, ſignifying hollow Sy- | lmgton, a town famous for John de Bridlington 2
1:4 [i]. The hilt place a man comes at on this wind- | Monkiſh Poet, whoſe rhyming prophecies, which are
ing ſhore is Headon , which formerly ( it we'll be- | altogether ridiculous, I have rb. [0] Not far from
lieve Fame that always magnifies Truth) was a veiy | hence, for a great way towards Drifield, there was 4
confiderabie place by reaſon of merchants and ſhip- | ditch (drawn by the Earls of Holdernzfs to divide the
ping | k ] For my part I have faich enough to believe | Lands ) which was call'd Ear/;-dike. But why this
It, notwithſtanding 'tis now ſodiminiſh'd, partly by * ſmall People were call'd Gabramrovici, I dare not o
re:lon of its being too near Hull, and partly becauſe ' much as gueſs , unleſs perhaps it was deriv'd from
--
<©CrrfRy
m 28.
Vale&ns or
Vaiervs.
J. Tilus.
Oc Tm.
Holderncs.
Hcadon.
—_——
: Dr. G. le gives vs a note upon this paſſage in Ptolemy, which mult ve wrong printed, "Tis this, Salutarcm finer, male ; MS. & Seld. «64498
Which ought to be 1hus pointed, Saiutarem ſinum ; me:e M>. Kc.
+ Sir Nichacl
T Gozts
11.44 ONES 3 as ap
x. Caftie, which ||
YORKSHIRE.
nn pI TIER ]
Goats which the Britains call'd Gaffran,whereof there
are not greater numbers in any part of Britain than
in this place. Nor is this derivation to be lookt uþ-
on as abſurd, ſeeing the eEgirs in Achaia has its
748
which the lictle village Filey takes its natne... More
inward ſtands Hixten, where a Hoſpital was builc in
the time of Achelſtan for defending Travellers ( as it is |
word for word in the * Publick Recotds) from Wolves, * Fcti®
that they ſhould not be. devoured by them. This ſhews us, ©
- name from Goats ; Nebrodes ih Sicily, from Deer ;
and Beotia in Greece , from Oxen. The little Pro- |
montory that by its bending makes this Bay, is com- |
monly calld Famborough-bead , but 7 Saxon Authors
Fleam-bupz, who write that 144 the Saxon (who |
firſt ſubdu'd theſe parts) arriv'd here. Some think it |
took irs name from a Watch-tower to fer out
Lights, whereby Mariners might diſcern that Har-
bour. For the Britains ſtill retain the provincial word
Ham,and the Mariners paint thisCreek with a flaming.
- head,in their Sea-Charts. Others are of opinion that
this name came into England out of Anglcen in Den-
mark, the ancient Seat of the Ang; ; 3 there is a
town call d Flemsburg, from which chey think the
Engliſh gave it that name; as the Gauls ( according
to Livy) nam'd Mediolenum in Italy from the town
Mcdiolanum they had leſt in Gaul. For the little vil-
lage in this Promontory is call'd Flamborough, which
gives original to another noble family of Conſtables,
as they call them, which by ſome are deriv'd from
the Lecies Conſtables of Chelter[p)]. Upon my en-
® quiries in theſe paits, I heard noching of thoſe Ri-
vers (call'd Þipſes) which Walter de Heminburgh tells
us, flow every other year from unknown Springs,
and with a great and rapid current run by this little
Promontory to the Sea. However,take what William
of Newborough ( who was born there ) has faid of
them: Theſe famous waters commonly call d V ipſeis, ſpring
foom the earth at ſeveral ſources, not inceſſantly, but every
other year,and baving made a pretty large current, through
the lawer grounds,run into the Sea; and when they are dry d,
tu 4 pooh þ-98 For the flowing of them, u tru ſaid to
forbode the miſery of an approaching famine [q]. As the
Sea winds it ſelf back from hence, a thin flip of
land (like a ſmall tongue when 'tis thruſt out) ſheots
that in thoſe times Wolves infelted this tract, which *"®
now are to be met with in no part of England, not
lo much as in the frontiers of Scotland; altho* they
are very numerous in that Kingdom.
This ſmall territory of Holderneſ was given by Wil.
liam the firſt eo Drugo de Bruerer a Fleming , upon Hoelderne/s.
whom alſo he had beffow'd his niece in marriage ; ———_
but ſhe being poiſon'd by him, and he forc'd to fly *
for his life, was ſucceeded by Stephen the ſon of Odo,
Lord of Albemarle in Normandy , deſcended from
the family of the Earls of Champaigne, whom Willi-
am the firſt (who was his nephew by a half ſiſter on
the mother's ſide) is ſaid to have made Earl of 4lbe-
marle; and his poſterity retain'd that title in Eng-
land, notwithſtanding Albemarle be a place in Nor-
mandy. He was ſucceeded by his fon William, ſir-
nam'd f Creſ/as. His only daughter Av#s was mar- t L: G.
ried to three husbands ſucceffively ; tq, William Mag-
»avill Earl of Eſlex, to Baldwin de Beton , and ro
William Forts, or de Fortibws. By this laſt husband
only ſhe hau iſſue, #iliam, who left alſo a ſon Y#:l-
liam to ſucceed him. His only daughter Avelin, be-
ing married to Edmund || Crouchback Earl of Lan: || Gibboſuz.
calter, dy'd without children. And fo (as it is ſaid
in Meaux-Abbey-book) for want of beirs, the Earldom
of Albemarle and the Honour of Holderneſs were ſeized in-
to the King's hands, Yet in following ages, King Ri-
chard the ſecond created Thomas de Wood(tock his
Uncle, and afterwards Edward Plantagenet , fon to
the Duke of York, Duke of Albemarle, in the life-
time of his father. Henry the fourth alſo made his
ſon Thomas, Duke of Clarence and Earl of Albemarle;
which title King Henry the fixth added afterwards as
a farther honour to Richard Beauchamp Earl of War-
Farls of Al.
b:1marle and
A
iato the Sea, ſuch as the old Engliſh call'd File; from |
wick.
4 There is nofuch thing. One might as well ſay (as ſome do) that the Caledenian woods are till plentifully Rtockt with Wild- bears. Both theſe
kinds are long fince wholly deſtroy'd in that m.
See Sir Robert Sibbald's Nuntius Scoto-Brit. part. 2. p. 9.
ADDITIONS to the Faſt-riding of
YORKSHIRE.
[a] O W we come to the ſecond Diviſion,
the Eaſt-Riding. Which Diviſion by
Ridings (to obſerve it by the way) 1s
nothing but a carruption from the
Saxon Dpihing, which conſiſted of ſeveral Hundred:
, or Wapentakes. Nor was it peculiar to this County,
but formerly common to moſt of the neighbouring
by the * Laws of Edward the Confeſ-
* ſor, and the 4 Life of King Alfed.
(b] The firſt place we meet with is Aont-ferrant-
land tells us in his time was clearly
defaced, ſo that buſhes grew where it had formerly
ltood. Of the family de Malo Lacu ( or as Leland
calls them Mawley) there were eight ſucceflively en-
joy'd the eſtate, all Perers ; bur the laſt of thefs leaving
only two daughters, the one was married to Bigor,
and the other to Salwayne.
[c] However the name of Battle-bridge may be us'd
for Stanford-bridge in Authors, a Traveller will hard-
ly meer with ic among the Inhabitants of this Coun-
try. Our Author ſeems to have taken it from an In-
ſtrument concerning the Tranſlation of St.Ofwin (ſince
- Printed in the * Monafticon Anglicanum) which ſpeak-
ing of this place, adds, Nunc vero Pons belli dicitur,
L E. at ox 'tis call'd Pons Belli, or Battle-bridge.
[d] Upon the Derwent lyes Howden ( formerly
Hovedene, as is plain from ſeveral Records in the time
of Edward 2. and Edward 3. as alfo from + Leland's
calling the firſt Canon of the place = Heovedene
where the bowels of Walter Skirlaw Bi
|
|
ſhop of Dur- |
bam were bury'd, || as appear'd by che Inſcription of || >4:
a very fair ſtone wvarii mermorss , as my Author calls
it, The fame perſon had reaſon to build a high
belfrey in order to ſecure them againſt inundations ;
for the ſeveral Commiſſions that have been ifſu'd our
for repair of the banks thereabouts, argue the great
danger they were in: and within theſe ſeven years,
the Ebbe, by reaſon of great freſhes coming down
the Ouſe, broke through the banks, and did conſidera-
ble damage both to How&den and the neighbouring
parts. Here tbe Londoners keep a Mart every year,
beginning about the fourteenth of Ccon-
tinue it about nine - where they furniſh by
whole-ſale the Country Trades-men with all forts of
Goods.
[e] Tho' the Aba and the Humber be generally abv*-
looke upon as one and the fame, yet Ptolemy's *Ac&
ſeems to be the corrupe Greek reading of the old name
Ouſe, rather than ſprung from the Britilb Aber. Tis
plain however by that expreflion, "AC: mf 2xcort, i. E.
tbe emptying of the river Abas, that he meant, the river
had thatname before ever it came to the Qut-ler. |
[f] What our Auchor ſays of Coyfi throwing down **=* {4%
the Fanum, Impietatzs domicilium, does hardly feem to
be cautiouſly or accurately enough exprett. For it
does not appear that any cover'd Temples were ere-
Red for the ſervice of chofe Pagan-Idols which the
Saxons here worſhip'd. Pollair & deſtruxit eas,quas ip-
ſe ſacraverat, des, ſays the Latin * Bede, Guat of
this Coyff; and the Saxon-Paraphrake uſes the word
piZbe>
*Lid.2c.12
ms
p1zbes, of ( as ſome Copies have it ) peopeve pxy Px-
pbenan-zyler, implying not a Temple, but an Altar,
as is evident from Marth. v. 23. and xxili. 18, 19, &Cc.
No, they were only ſurrounded with a hedge to de-
fend their ditches from the annoyance of cattel ; as 15
{ufficiently intimated by another expreflion in the
fame Chapter, Mi> Þeona hezum pe Þ1 ymbrecte
pzpon, i. e. with the hedges wherewith they were fur-
rounded.
] But for Antiquities, Beverley is the moſt con-
ſiderable place hereabouts, calld tormerly Bewerlac,
quaſi locws wel lacws Caſtrorum, 4 Caſto!ibus quibws
Borecley.
Evangeliſt ; which this Archbiſhop converted into a
Chapel for his new-erected Monaſtery.
tiis Inſcription :
CLESIA IN MENSE ' SEPTEMBRI, IN SE-
RECONDITA, ET PVLVEB CEMENTO MIX-
TVS IBIPEM INVENTUS EST ET RECON.
DITUS.
(11s over this, there lay a box of lead, about ſeven
in. t:c> Yong, fix broad, and five high ; wherein were
ieveral PICCES ot bones mix d with a lietle duſt, and
fully re-interr'd in the middle Alley o
the Minſter, wheie they were taken up. Which
circumitance does not by any means agree with
what Þiſhop Godwin has left us about this Saint ;
namely, that he was bury'd in the Churct porch,
For tho' what is mention'd in the Inſcription was
only a Re-interrment upon the Inquiſition made, yer
in the ſame p'ace where they found them : unleſs one
ſhould folve it this way, | that but part of the Church
w.5 thiny ſtanding, and they might lay him there
with a defign to remove him when it ſhould be re-
built, but afterwarc's either neglected or forgot it.
The Minſter heie is a very fair and neat ſtructure ;
the roof is an arch cf ſtone. In it there are ſeveral
monuments of the Percies Earls of Northumberland,
who have added a little Chapel to the Quire ; in the
window whereof are the: pictures of ſeveral of that
family drawn in the glaſs. Ar che upper-end of the
Quire, on the right-ſide of the Altar-place, ſtands the
Freed-ftool ( mention'd by our Author ) made of one
entire ſtone, and f:id to have been remov'd from
— _—
143 | BRIGANT ES, ©
* Vid. Mo- Hulla aqua wicina abundabzat, ſays Ieland * from an | cord call d Provost s Court, In this, may be uy'd Can
ho Anonymous Manuſcript concerning the Anti- | /es for any ſum, ariſing within its Liberties which aic
quities of Bewerolac or Beverley. Tho” our Author tells | very large (having abour a und: ed towns and parts
us it has nothing of greater Antiquity than Fobn of | of towns in Holdern and other places of the Ea/t.
Beverley, yet the ſame Manuſcript intorms us, it had | Riding belonging to 17.) It Is laid to have alſo a pow»
a Church before that time, dedicated to S. Fobn the er in Criminal matters ; tho” at preſent that is not us'd,
On the 13. of September, An. 1664. upon opening 1n its buildings ; and has pleaſant ſprings running
a grave they met with a vault of ſquar'd free-ſtone, quite through it. It is more eſpecially beautilied
15 foot long, and 2 foot broad at the head , but at with two ſtately Churches ; and has a Free-ſchoo],
the feet a foot and a half broad. Within it, was a | that is improv'd by wwo Fe!lowlhips, fix Scholarſhips,
ſheet of lead four foot long, and in that the aſhes, fix | and three Exhibitions in S. John's Lo in Cam-
beads (whereof three crumbl'd to duſt with a touch ; bridge, belonging to it ; belides fix Alms-houſes, che
of the three remaining, rwo were ſuppos'd to be Cor- | largeſt whereot was built lately by the Executors of
nelians, ) with three great braſs pins, and four large | Michael Wharton Efquiie; who by his laſt Will !-t:
iron nails. Upon the ſheer laid a leaden plate with , 1900 /. for that uſe. The Mayor and Aldermen
ANNO AB INCARNATIONE DOMINI give Bond to leave their effects to the pour when
MCELXXXVIN. COMBYSTA FVIT HAC EC- they dye: a good example to other places.
QVENTI NOCTE POST FESTVM SANCTI | Oat-meal, and Tann'd-leather ; but the poor peopl:
MATH#1I APOSTOLI: ET IN AN. MCXC VII. | moſtly ſupport themſelves by working of Bone-lace,
VI. IDVS MARTH FACTA FVIT INQVISITIO | which of late has met with particular encouragement,
RELIQVIARVM BEATI JOHANNIS IN HOC | the children being maintain'd at ſchool, to learn to
LOCO, ET INVENTA SVNT HAC OSSA IN | read, and to work this fort of lace. The Cloath-
ORIENTAII PARTE SEPVLCHRI ET HIC | trade was formerly follow'd in this town; but + Le +. y
yiciding a fwezr ſmeil. All thele _ were Care- | Tradeſmen by whole-fale.
the body of! About a mile from Bewer/ey to the ealt, in a paſture
belonging to the town, is a kind of Spaw ; tho” they
ic looks a little odd they ſhould not lay the Reliques
- @ — —_—__ = Or S _ . A, — 4D = Cr
| their 1ickes and ficviiſhiing condition. For incecd
one is ſurpris'd to find fo laige and handiome a town
within ſix miles of Hull. In the body of the Church
ſtznds an ancient munument, which tlicy call the
Virgins temb, becauſe; two Virgin-liliers lye buiicd
' there; who gave the town a piece of land into
' which any free-man may put thiee milch-kine from
| Lady-day to Michaelmas. Ar the lower end of the
; body of the Church ſtands a fair large Font of Agate.
{tone.
Near the Minſter, on the ſouth ſide of it, is a place
nam'd Hal-garth, wherein they kecp a Court ot Re.
But co come to the condition of the town. It is
above a mile in length, being of late much improv'd
( having ſometimes been deceiv'd in their choice |
admit none into their Alms-houſes, but fuch as will
The principal trade of the town, is, making Malt,
land telis us, that even in his time it was very much
decay'd.
They have ſeveral Fairs ; but one more eſpecially
| remarkable, beginning about nine days before Aſcen-
hon-day, and kept in a ſtreet leading to the Minſter:
arth call'd Londoner-ſtreet. For then the Londoners
ring down their Wares, and furniſh the County-
lay it cannot be judg'd by the taite whether or no it
comes from any Mineral. Yet taken inwardly, it
is a great dryer; and waſhd jn, dries ſcorbutick
{curt, and all forts of icabs ; and allo, very much helps
the King's Evil.
(hb! Ar the mouth of the river Hu! is King*on, Kngh
Calld in all wiitings of Concernment Kmgſton ſuper 4"
Hull. The walis aud tuwn-ditch weie made by leave
irom King Edwaid 2. but Richaid 2. gave them the
pielent haven, which now it's fear'd will ſhortly be
warpd up at the mouth, it ſpeedy cate be not taken
about it. *Tis a town very conliderable for merchan-
diſe ( being the ſcale of tiade to York, Leeds, Norting-
bam, Gamsborougb, and icvcral other places, ) as allo
tor importing goods from heyend fea. And for
Danbar in Scotland ; with a Well of water behind
Als free make 1 thee,
' As beart can wiſh, or egh can ſee.
Hence the Inhabitants of Beverley pay no Toll or
Cuitom in any port or cown of England ; to which
immunity (1 ſuppoſe ) they owe in a great meaſure
the better convenience of managing their trade,
they have an Exchange for Merchants, built in 1621
and much beautify'd in 1673. Above that, is the
Cuſtom-houſe 5 and near theſe the Wc] L-uſe, made ule
of tormerly, without all doubr, for the ſelling ard
weighing of wool, as well as lead; but now only
it, Ar the. upper end of the body of the Church, | for the latter, when 'tis to be fold or ſhip'd here. Cn
next the Quire, hangs an ancient Table with the | the eaſt-ſide of the river, is built a ſtrong Citade!,
pictures of St. Fobn (from whom the Church is nam'd) | begun in the year 1681. and jncluding the Caſtle and
and of K. Athelfan the founder of it : and between | fouth-blockhouſe. It hath convenient apartments tor
them this Diſtich ; | lodging a good many ſouldiers, with diftin& houſes
for the Officers ; has alſo an engine for making falt-
water freſh, and is well-furniſh'd wich Ordnance.
Bur yet the ſtrength of the town does rot conſiſt fo
much in it's walls or fortifications, as it's ſituation :
ſor all the Country being a perfect level, by cutting
the fea-banks they can ler in the Food, and lay it for
tve miles 10:nd under Water, Which the Gover-
Nour
YORKSHIRE.
nour of the place, at the late Revolution, had de-
ſigned to do, it the then Prince of Orange had land-
ed there, as was once thought. For he had causd
ſeveral Flood-gates to be made, and pitch'd upon
certain places about the town and on the bank of
Humber, for cutting.
The town hath two Churches, one call'd the High-
Church, a very ſpacious and beautiful building ; on
the ſouth-ſide of the Quire whereot is a place now al-
ter'd into a neat Library, conſiſting moſtly of mo-
dern books. The other is the Low-Church, the ſtee-
ple whereof Henry 8. is faid to have order'd to be
pull'd down to the ground, becaule it ſpoild the pro-
ſpe& of his houſe over aginſt ir, wherein he had his
r2tidence tor fome- months, An. 1538. Near the
/:1b Church is the Free-ſchool, firſt tounded by Fobr
,-::k Biſhop of Worceſter, and then of Ely ; and
in (2 year 158. buile by Mr. William Gee ; with the
Merchants Hall over it. North-welt of the faid
Church, is the Trinity-bouſe, begun at firſt by a joint
contribution of well-diſpoſed perſons, for the relict of
diſtreſſed Sea-men and their wives. But afterward
they got a Patent from the Crown with ſeveral pri-
vilcges; by the advantage of which they maintain
n:111y diltreſſed Sea-men, with their widows, both
ai /all, and other places members of the Port of|
Hull. The Government is by twelve elder brechren, |
wit! fix Affiltants : out of the twelve, by the major
vote of them and of the 6 Afiſtantrs, and the younger
brethren, are annually choſe two Wardens; and ewo
Stewards out of the younger brethren. Theſe Go-
vernours have a power to determine matters in!fea-
aſlairs not contrary to Law, chiefly between Maſters
and Sea-men ; and allo in Tryals at law, in ſea-affairs,
their judgments are much regarded. Bur here take |
the accurate deſcription of this place, as I had it from |
the curious and ingenious Mr. Ray, who actually
view'd it. © The Trinity-houſe belongs to a Society
© of Merchants, and is endow'd with good revenues.
© There are maintained 3o poor Women called S:{ers,
© each of whom hath a little chamber or cell to live
in. The building conſiſts of a chapel, two rows of
* chambers beneath ſtairs for the ſiſters, and two
* rooms above ſtairs; one, in which the brethren
* of the Society have their meetings ; and another
© large one, wherein they make fails, with which the
* rown drives a good trade. In the midlt of this room
© hangs the efhgies of a native of Groenland, with a
© looks skin-coat upon him, fitting in a {mall boat or
© Canoe Cover'd with «kins; and having his lower part
under deck. For the boat is dzck'd or cover'd above
with the ſame whereof it is made, having only a
round hole fitted ro his body, through which he
puts down his legs and lower parts into the boat.
*lie had in his right-hand (as I then thought ) a
© pair of wooden oars, whereby he rowed and mana-
* ged his boatz and in his left, a dart, with which he
* ſtrikes fiſhes. Bur it appearing by the Supplement
© to the North-Ea#t Voyages lately publiſh'd, that they
© have but ene oar about fix foot long, with a paddle
* tix inches broad at either end, 1 am inclin'd to
*hink, that the boat hanging fo high, I might be
* miſtaken. The ſame book has given us an account
* ct their make; to which I reter you. This on his
*torehead had a bonnet like a trencher to fence his
" eyes from ſun or water. Behind him lay a bladder
* or bag of skins, in which I ſuppoſed he beſtowed
"the fiſh he caughe, Some told us it was a bladder
* full of oyl, wherewith he allured the fiſh to him.
* This 13 the ſame individual Canoe that was taken in
*the year 1613. by Andrew Barkar, with all its fur-
* niturc and boat man. The Groenlander that was
* taken refuſed to eat, and died within three days at-
*ter. 1 have ſince ſeen ſeveral of theſe boats in pub-
"Ik Town-houles and Cabinets of the Virturfi. Here
* | cannot but reflect upon and admire the hardineſs
and audacionſnels of theſe petty water-men, who
\are venture cut to ſea ſingle in ſuch pitiful veſſels
£
(
£
c
Gare \
as are not tufficient to {ſupport much more than the
weicht of one man in the water, and which if they
1aP-cn io be over-turned, the rower mult needs be
Ot, And a wonder it is to me, that they ſhould
KD themſelycs upright if the fea be never fo little
£
c
£
c
C
c
c
|
* rough. 'Tis true, the daſhing of the waves cannot
* do them much harm, becaule the Canoe is cover'd
* above, and the skin-coat they have upon them keeps
* off the water from getting in at the round hole, re-
* ceiving and encompaſling their body. |
A lictle above the bridge ( which conſiſts cf 14
arches, and goes over into Holderneſs ) ſtands the
Groenland-bouſe, built in tae year 1674. at the joint
charge of ſeveral Merchants ; but by reaſon of the
bad fuccefs of that trade, 'tis now only employ'd toc
the laying up of corn and other merchandiſe. At a
little diſtance from this, is Gods-bowſe, which with
the Chapel over againſt it to the north, in the late
Civil wars was pull d down, for preventing inconve-
niencies when the ſiege was againſt Hul. But now
both of chem are built again, and the houſe is en-
largd ; and the Arms of the De Js Poles, being found
among the rubbiſh cut in ſtone, are now ſer over the
door, with this Inſcription : Deo &* pauperibus poſint
D. Michael de Ia Pole. A. D. 1384. The Chapel over
againſt it is built on the old foundation, with this
Inſcription over the door ; Hoe ſacellum Deo &* paupe-
ribus poſuit D. Mich. de Ia Pole An. Do. 1384s quod in-
gruente bello civil; dirutum 1643. tandem auttins m{taura-
tum fuit 1673. Ricardo Kitſon S. T. B. Reffore domus
Dez ſuper Hull. Near this Chapel, to the eaſt, is built
a new Hoſpital for the better reception of the poor
belonging to this houſe ; the other being not large
enough to contain all the poor, together wich the
Maſter and his family. This new one hath over the
door ; Deo & pauperibus poſuit Michael de 1a Pole. Hec
ommes reparata domus perduret in annos. W. Ainſworth,
Rettor, An. Dom. 1663.
Without che walls, weſtward of the town, ſtands
the W/ater-houſe, which at firſt came from Fulian-Well ;
ie appearing by an Inquiſition made in 3 Hen. 4.
that drawing a new Sewer from thence to the town
through the meadows and paſtures of An/abie, would
be no damage to the King or any other perſon. Bur
in the latter end of the ſaid King's reign, upon a mo-
tion to ſupply the town from thence, it was confi-
der'd that part of the ſpring deſcending from the
Priory of Haltempriſe, it could not be done without
licence from the Pope ; and ſo the Grant thereof was
ſeal'd to the town from Rome in the year 1412. un-
der the hands and ſeals of three Cardinals. Afffeer-
ward, the courſe of that ſpring altering, and running
into the grounds of Sir -Fobn Barrington, the town
was forc'd to compound with him.
The Mayor of this town hath two Maces ; a large
one for feſtival days, and for ordinary days a ſmall
one : beſides, he hath two ſwords, the one given by
King Richard 2. and the other, which is the larger,
by King Henry 8. yet but one born before him at-a
time.
This town hath given the honourable title of Earl
tO Robert Pierpoint of Holme, Vilcount Newark, crea-
ted July 25. 4 Car. 1. who was ſucceeded by Henry
his fon, created alſo Marquis of Dorcheſter, Mar. 25.
1645. during life only. The Earidom is at preſent
enjoy'd by the ſame family, in the perſon of the right
honourable Evelm Pierpornt.
[1] The neighbouring erat Holderneſi alſo, hath af-
forded the ſame title firſt to Fob Ramſey Viſcount
Hardington, created Dec. 3o. 18 Jac. 1. who dying
without iſſue, it was conferr'd Jan. 24. 1643. upon Pr.
Rupert Count Palatine of the Rhine. Ar preſent the
right honourable Coniers D' Anvers enjoys this title of
E. of HolderneS. The true ancient writing ofthe name is
Hol-oerp-nexpe, as much as to ſay, the promontory of
Hol-oeipe, fo call'd to diſtinguiſh ic from Deipa-pals,
now the Holds, Tho? after all, the Country ſeems
rather to have had this name of diſtinion given ic
from the river Hull which paſſes through it, than
( as Holland both in Lincolnjhire and beyond fea )
from hol, cavw or hollow. The Seigniory of Hol-
derneſs belongs to the right honourable Robert Vit
count Dunbar. The town of Hedon finds him a pri-
ſon for thoſe taken in the Liberty of Holdernefs, till
they can be ſent to the Caſtle of York. The fame
town finds him a Hall, wherein he holds a Court
call'd IV apentak-Court, for tryal of Actions under forty
ſhillings.
ry *Aan Ck? What
746
— — - <VeR— eR Cn CC — ——— __—
24
—
= -———
BRI
- Ct He eG Ire ec GOES OA A EE - —_ ——_— _-
Headon.
ſhop, with chis Inſcription,
[k] What our Author has told us from common
Fame concerning the flouriſhing condition of Headen,
may be confirm'd from the remains and marks of
ewo Churches (beſides that one they have) which
muſt argue its former populouſnes, and by conſe-
quence a flouriſhing trade. In St. Auſtin's, the pre-
ſent Church, * are the piures of a King and a Bt-
Als free make 1 thee,
As heart may think or eigh ſee.
The old Haven nigh the town being grown up, there |
i5 a new cut made on the South-eaſt, which helps to |
ſcowre that part of the Haven now left ; but with-
out any hopes of rendring it ſo uſeful as formerly it
CNT ES,
loſt, and the town of Dripoo!, with the adjoyning
grounds,very much damnily'd: at which town 'tis ſaid
they of Rawenſere deſign'd to ſettle, but were forc'd to
20 to Hull. Likewiſe before,about the 3oth of Edw.z.
the High-way betwixt Anlaby and Hull , as alfo the +
Grounds and Paſtures lying berween both theſe pla-
ces and Heſſel, were all drown'd ; but the laid King
by his Letters Patents order'd ſeveral perſons to ſeg
that an old ditch thereabouts ſhould be dreſs'd, and a
new one (24 foot broad ) ſhould be made, and the
way rais'd higher ; which was accordingly effect-
ed
[0] As little as our Authour values Fobn de Brid. Briding
lington (who dy d A. D. 1379.) he has to this day,
in all that neighbourhood, the repute of a Saint.
And very juſtly too, if all the mighty things be true
was. In the year 1656.a great part of the town was | of him which Nicholas Harpsfield in his Eccleſiaſtical *. tr.
conſum'd with fire ; and about two years ago ſeve- | Hiſtory has related with gravity and good aſfurance,
ral houſes in the market-place ſuffer'd the ſame fate : | In the 16th of Car. 2. Richard Boy! Baron Clifford, &c.
but now the greateſt part is rebuilt, and the town | was created Earl of Bridlington or Burlington.
thereby render'd much more beautiful. Of late years | A little overward from Hornſey is the Marr, a wa- Mc.
they have grown in wealth more than formerly ; | ter pretty deep and always freſh, about a mile and a
Pretorium.
+ De Vi'it,
Rom.1b.s.
P-40,41.
8purnhead.
which is {pppos'd to be owing principally to the 1e-
veral Fairs procur'd for them. The Inhabitants have
a tradition that the Danes deſtroy'd this town ; and
there is a Cloſe belonging to it, call'd Danes-field to this
day.
[1] To the two acceptations our Author has pi-
ven us of Pretorium, may be added a third; and that
too the moſt probable realon why Antoninus ſhould
call our Patrington, Pretorium. I mean,the General's
tent in their ordinary encampments, in which {-nſe the
moſt learned f Lips has ſhown it to be us'd. And '
this ſeems much more agreeable to the Roman affairs |
in Bricain, than either of the other two bgritica- |
tions,
[m] Upon the Spurn-bead (the utmoſt part of the
Promontory) call'd by fome Conny-bil, is a Light-
houſe built in the year 1677. by one Mr. Fu{tmian
Angel of London, who had a Patent for it from
Charles the ſecond. But the Lord Dunbar claiming
che ground, there aroſe a difference between them,
which is not yet ended, The Lights however are.
kept up; and in the year 1584 a Day-mark was allo
erected, being a Beacon with a barrel on the top of
it.
(n] In theſe parts of Holdernefs, there have been '
ſeveral towns ſwallow'd up by the Humber and the
Sea. Frismerk particularly,which upon the grant of a
tenth and fifteenth to the King about the 1 8th of Edw.3.
repreſented to the King and Parliament how much
they had ſuffer'd by the Sea and River breaking in
upon them, and petition'd to have a proportionable
deduction made in the Rating. Whereupon , Com-
halt long, and half a mile broad, well-ſtor'd with
the belt Pikes, Perches, and Eels. Whether it has
been caus'd at firſt by ſome Earth-quake with an over-
flow that might follow it,is hard to fay ; bur they tell
you that there have been old trees ſeen floating upon
it, and decay'd nuts found on the ſhore. And 'tis
certain, that in the Sea-cliffs againſt Hornſey both
have been met with ; at preſent alſo there is ( or at
leaſt was very lately) a vein of wood that looks as
black as if it had been burnt ; which poflibly is oc-
caſion'd by the faltneſs of the Sea-water, both pre-
ſerving wood better than freſh- water, and alſo by its
lalrnefs (and conſequently greater heat) helping to
; turn it black.
[p] Upon the Coaſt of the German Ocean is tha,
Hornſey, the Church-ſteeple whereof, being a Wigh
broach or ſpire,is a notable Sea-mark ; tho” now it is
much faln to ruin, and the Inhabitants are ſcarce
able to repair it. Not many years ago , there was a
{mall ſtreet adjoyning to the Sea, call'd Hornſey-beck ,
which is now waſht away except one or two houſes ;
and about Skip/ie, a few miles north of Hornſey , they $;..;,
have a tradition of a town call d Hide being devour'd
by the Sea.
More inward into the Land is Radon, where in Ruiz:
the Church-yard is a kind of Pyramidal-ſtone of
great height, Whether the name of the town may
not have tome relation to it, can be known only from
the private Hiſtory of the place ; but if the ſtone
bear any reſemblance with a Crof, Rod in Saxon im-
plies fo much.
[q ] Concerning the Vipſeys hereabouts , take vizis
mithoners were appointed to make enquiry concern- | what the ingenious Mr. Ray was pleasd to commu:
ing it ; who certify'd that a third part of their lands | nicate, among other things relating to theſe parts.
were totally deſtroy'd by the tides : fo the King if- | © Theſe Yipſeys, or ſuddain eruptions of water, whe-
ſued out his Precept to the Aſſeſſors and ColleRors | ©* ther the word in Newbrigenſis were by miſtake of
70 ſuperſede, &c. and they were aflels'd according to
tieir moveables at x /. 65s. 84. for each of the two
years. He alſo ſent his Mandate to the Barons of the
Exchequer, commanding that neither then . nor on
the like occaſion for the future, they ſhould be rated
at any greater ſumm. The like Mandate was di-
rected to the Colle&ors of Wooll in the Eaft ridirs ,
for a proportionable abatement to the Inhabitants of
the town of Framerk.
In the ſixteenth of Edward the third, among other
Towns in Holdernefs bordering on the Sea and Hum-
ber, mention is made of 7harlethorp, Redmayr, Peny/-
:b>rp; but now not one of them is to be heard of Ac
what time preciſely they were loſt, does not appear ;
but about the goth of Edw.3. the tides in the rivers
of Humber and Hull flow'd higher by four foot than!
ulual ; fo tis likely they might then be overflow'd. | * dearth : and Newbrigenſis 1aith the like of the Gipſes,
Probably allo about the ſame time, R aven/ere (which
{:ems to bz the ſame with Mr. Camden's Raverſpur,
and Ravensburg) was much damnify'd, and not long
alter tocally lo!t. The Inhabitants hereabouts talk
ol two other towns, Upſal and Porterficer, which are |
Guite deſtroy'd. About 38 Edw. 4. the Lands and
Meadows becwetn Sudcore-ffeel and Hull were much
overfiow'd ; when probably Ravenſcre was entirely
* the Scribe, and changeof aletter , put in ſtead of
« Gip/eys; or whether Vipſeys were the original name,
* and in procels of time chang'd into Gipſeys, I know
** not; certain it 15 they are at this day call'd Gipſeys :
** of which Dr. Wittey in his Scarborough Spaw writes,
* that they break out in the wolds or downs of this
,** Country, after great rains, and jet and fpout up
© water toa grea.. height. Neither are theſe erupti-
© ons of Springs proyer and peculiar tothe wolds of
* this Country, but common to others alſo, as Dr.
&* Childrey in lis Britannica Baconica Wwitneſleth in theſe
© words. Sometimes there breaks out water in the
* manner of a ſuddain Land-flood out of certain ſtones
** that are like rocks ſtanding alofc in open fields,
* near the riſing of the river Kine: in Kent ; which
*« js reputed by the common people a fore-runner of
© that the flowing of them is ſaid infallibly to por-
© rend a future famine. So we ſee theſe Gipſcys
| © do not come at fer times, every other year, 35
| *© Newbrigenſis would make us believe, but only after
© great giuts of rain, and laſting wet weather ; and
[© never happen but in wet years : and moreover that
** they always portend a dearth, not as a Divine 1n-
© dication or forewarning, but by a natural fgnin-
* C2ancy
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« cancy: it being well known that cold and wet
* Springs and Summers mar the corn , and do al-
© moſt conſtantly and infallibly induce a dearth
« thereof in England ; which a drought, how laſting
« ſoever it be, hath never in my memory been ob-
«ſerved to do.
« If any be fo curious as to enquire how a glut of
* rain comes tocauſe ſuch a ſpringing up of waters?
« ] anſwer, that there are hereabout in the wolds,
* ndin like places where ſuch jets happen, great
* ſbterraneous baſips or receptacles of water, which
* have, iſſuing out from their bottoms, or near them,
*« {me narrow ſmall veins or chanels reaching up to
*« the ſurface of the earth. So the water in the ba-
« 6n lying much higher than the place of eruption
« by its weight forces that in the veins upward, and
©« makes it ſpout up to a great height , as is evidencly
« ſeen in the Lacw Lugetrs , or Zirchnitzer-Sea: it
* which this ſpouting up cf water happens ever
« year after therains are tall'n in the Autumn. Theſe
* tuddain and intermittent fountains or eruptions of
* water have a particular name in Kent as well as
*© Yorkſhire, bein# there call'd Nailbourns.
cant, till, upon the Reſtoration of King Charles the
ſecond, George Monk (who had been chiefly inſtru-
mental in it) was advanc'd'to the Honours of Baron
Monk of Potheridge, Beauchamp , and Teyes ; as alfo
Earl of Torrington and Duke of Albemarle, July 7.
12 Car. 2. Who departing this Life in 1669. was ſuc-
ary his Eſtate and Titles by Chrifopher his fon
and heir,
NORTH-RIDING.
Carce two miles above the Promontory of
Flamburorw, the North-part of this Country,
or the North-riding, begins ; which makes the
frontier to the other parts. From the Sea
- it extends it ſelf in a very long, but narrow
tract, for threeſcore miles together, as far as
Weſtmorland, to the welt. *Tis bounded on this fide
with the river Derwent , and for ſome time by the
Ure; on the other all along y the courſe of the ri-
ver Tees , which ſeparates it from the Biſhoprick of
Durham to the North. This Riding may not unhely
be divided into theſe parts, Blackamore, Cliveland,
Northalvertonſbire, and Richmond(bire.
That which lyeth Eaſt and towards the ' Sea, is
call d Blackamore, that is a land black and mountain.
ous, being with craggs, hills, and woods up and
down it, rugged and unſightly. The Sea-coaſt is
eminent for Scarborough, a very famous Caſtle, for-
merly call'd Sceap-bupg , 1. E. « Bourg upon a ſteep
Rock ( a} ; Take the detcription of it from the Hiſto-
ry of William of Newburgh. 4 rock of wonderful
beight and bigneſs, and inacceſſible by reaſon of ſteep craggs
almoſt on every ſide, ſtands into the Sea ; which quite ſur-
rounds it, but in one place , where @ narrow ſlip of land
gives acceſs to it on the Weſt. It has on the top a pleaſant
plain, graſſy and ſpacious, of about ſixty ccres or upwards,
and a little well of freſh water, ſprirging from a rock m it.
In the wery entry, which puts one to ſome pains to get up,
Hands a ſtately tower ; and beneath the entry the City be-
gins, ſpreading its two ſides South and North, and carrying
its front Weſtward, where ut us fortified with a wall ; but
on the Eaſt « fenc'd by that rock where the Caſtle Htands;
and laſtly, on both ſides by the Sea. William, firrnam'd le
Groſſe, Earl of Albemarle and Holderneſi, obſerving this
place to be fitly ſituated for building a Caſtle on encreaſed the
vatural ſtrength of it by a wery coſtly work, hawing enclo-
ted all that plain upon the rock with a wall, and built a
Tower in the entrance. But this being decay'd and
falin by the weight of too much age, King Henry the
ſecond commanded a great and brave Caſtle to be built upon
the ſame ſpor. For he had now reduc che Nobility of
England,who during the looſe reign ot King Stephen,
had impaired the revenues of the Crown; but eſpeci-
ally this William of Albemarle, who Lorded it over
all theſe parts, and kept this place as his own.
It is not to my purpoſe, to relate the deſperate
boldneſs of Thomas Stafford, who, that he might fail
from great attempts, ſurpriz'd this Caſtle in Queen
Mary's reign, with a very ſmall number of French-
men, and kept it for two days: nor yet that Sher.
lis, a noble Frenchman of the ſame party, was ar-
raign'd for High-Treafon, alcho' he was a foreigner, | Saxon tongue © Scneanep-Þeale, which Bede renders,
becauſe be had atted contrary to the duty of bis Allegi-
well known in the world to need a publication here,
Yec it is worth remarking , that thoſe of Holland and
Zealand carry on a very plentiful and gainful crade
Latin Haleces, Leucomenide, Chalcides , or what you
get a Licence firſt for ic from this Caſtle. For the
Engliſh always granted leave for fiſhing; reſerving the
Honour to themſelves, but out of a lazy tem-
per reſigning the gain to others. For 'tis al-
| molt incredible what vaſt gains the Hollan«
ders make by this Fiſhery on our Coaſt. Theſe
herrings ( pardon me if I digreſs a little to
ſhew che goodneſs of God towards us) which ia the
former age ſwarmed only about Norway, now in
our time, by the bounty of divine providence, ſwim
in great ſhoals towards our coaſts. About Mid-ſum-
mer, they draw from the main ſea towards the coaſts
of Scotland, at which time they are immediately
lold off, as being then at their beſt. From thence
they next arrive on our coaſts; and from the middle
of Auguſt to November, there is excellent and moſt
plentitul fiſhing for them all along from Scarborough
to the Thames mouth. Afterwards, by ſtormy weather
they are carried into the Britiſh fea, and there caughe
till Chriſtmas ; thence having ranged the coalt of
Ireland on both fides, and gone round Britain, they
they remain till June ; and after they have caſt their
puts me in mind of what I have formerly read in
S. Ambroſe : Fiſh in prodigions numbers,
were by common conſent out of _ places from ſevera
creeks of the ſea, in one united body make towards the
inſt intt ſwim into the northern ſeas. One would think, to
ſee them as they climb the main, that ſome tide were ap-
proaching ; they ruſh on and cut the waves with ſuch wia«
lence as they go through the Propentss to the Euxine Sea.
But now to return.
From hence the ſhore is craggy, and bendeth in-
there is cauſed a bay about a mile broad, which is
firit, ( as Fo. Major a Scotchman intorms us, who
ſtiles him , a principal and leading robber, and the moſt
kind and obl:ging robber.) From hence the ſhore imme-
diately going back on both ſides, lets us fee the Bay
the bay of the Watch-tower. I will not diſpute this ex-
ence, there being then a Peace berween the King:
doms of England and France. Theſe things are too
planation of ir, chough in our language it feems fo
plainly to intimate the bay of Safety, thar I ſhould cer-
PL WT. . J—_ _
ttt ——
p— oO IOW h—— WY —_—_ —_—Y
#4 Sirgones heats
tainly
From Richard de Beauchamp {the laſt Earl of AL E:rts of
bemarle mention'd by our Authour) that title was va- 44-77%.
of fiſhing in the Sea here for herrings ( call chem in The gair-
9s trade of
erring-
pleaſe) whereas by an old Conſticution, they uſe to fiſhing.
convey themſelves into the Northern Ocean, where .
ſpawn, return again in great ſhoals. This relation
meeting as it Hexanie-
1 "904. 5.C.19s
blaſts of the * North-ea#t wind, and by @ kind of natural » aq.2a,
ward as far as the river Tc<i{e ; and by its winding in, Te; ripe;
called Robin- Hoods Bay, from that famous Our law Robbin =
Robin Hoed, veho flourith'd in the reign of Rich. the Hood's Bay,
Dunus ſinus mention'd in Ptolemy ,upon which is feated Dunum,
che little village Dwneſly ; and juſt by ir, #h:rby,in the cove.» i
Whitby.
—_ —
—
mn =_ 0 -
BRIGANTES.
'— — ——— — —— -— - — - - ———-—- - —-—- - - __— —— —
PR _— =_— — — — — _— — —— —
—
H:1d2.
Geeſe drop-
ing down.
Sympathy
and Anti-
pathy.
Do!.- Wa-
«Xx, trom
whom the
family "T) i
the {a7-c
derive thcir
pcdiziec.
Moulgrave
Caitle.
Birons &
Malo- lacu.
Orhers are
of opinion,
that ovr
Pie-coa! is a
ſort of Ga-
£% <7.
fainly have ſaid it was the Sina Salutaris, it its ſituati-
on ( as the Geographer makes it) did not perſwage
me to the contrary [b]. Here are foun
ſtones, reſembling the wreaths and folds of a ſerpent,
the ſtrange frolicks of nature, which ( as one fays )
ſhe forms for diverſion after a toilfome application to
ſerious buſineſs. For one would believe them to have
been ſerpents, cruſted over with a bark of ſtone.
Fame aſcribes them to the power of Hzildzs prayers,
as if ſhe had transform'd them | c].
of the Saxon Church, ſhe withitood, to the utmoit
of her power, the tonſure of the Clergy, and the
celebration of Eaſter after the Roman manner, in a
Synod touching theſe matters An. 664. held in the
Monaſtery ſhe had founded in this place, whereof
certain
In the infancy
her ſ:1f was firſt Governeſs [d]. It is alſo aſcribed
co the power of her ſanity, that thole wild Geelſc
which in the winter fly in great flocks to the lakes
and rivers unfrozen in the ſouthern parts ; to the great |
amazement of every one, fall down ſuddenly upon
the ground, when they are in their flight over cer-
tain neighbouring fields hereabouts : a relation I
ſhould not have made, if I had not received it from
{:veral very credible men. But thoſe who are leſs
inclin'd to heed ſuperſtition, attribute it to ſome oc-
cult quality in the ground, and to ſomewhat of anti-
pathy between it and the Geeſe, ſuch as they => is
between Wolves and Scylla-roots. For that ſuch
hidden'tendencies and averſions as we call Sympathies
and Antipathies, are implanted in many things by pro.
vident nature for the preſervation of them, is a thing
ſo evident, that every body ou it. Edelfleda the
daughter of King Ofwin, atterwards enriched this
Abbey with very large revenues ; and here alſo ſhe
buried her father. Burt at length, in the times of the
Danilh ravages, it was deſtoyed; and although Serlo
Percins ( who preſently after the Conqueſt was made
Governour of it) rebuilt it, yet at this day it has
hardly the leaſt ſhew of its ancient greatneſs. Hard
by, upon a ſteep hill near the fea ( which yet is
berween two that are much higher) a Caſtle
of 1iads a Saxon Duke is ſaid to have ſtood,who
(in the confuſed diſorderly times of the Northum-
brians, © fatal to petty Princes ) having combined
m—n—_— Prefulget nigro ſplendore Gagates
Hic lapu ardeſcens auſtro perfuſus aquarum.
AFt oleo perdens flammas, mirabile wviſu,
Attritus rapit bic tener as, ceu ſuccina, frondes.
All black and ſhining is the Jear,
In water dip'd it flames with ſudden hear.
But a ſtrange coldnefs, dip'd in oyl, receives;
And draws, like Amber, little ſticks and leaves.
Likewiſe Marbodew in his Treatiſe of Jewels :
Naſcitur in Lycia laps, & prope gemma Gagates,
Sed genus eximium facunda Britannia mittit ;
Lucidus & niger et, leuu & laviſſimus idem :
Vicinas paleas trabit attritu calefattus,
Ardet aqua lotw, reſtinguitur untt ws 6/100.
Jeat-ſtone, almoſt a gemm, the Lyb:ans find,
But fruitful Byiram ſends a wondrous kind
'Tis black and ſhining, ſmooth, and ever light,
'Twill draw up ſtraws if rubb'd till hot and bright,
Oyl makes it cold, but water fgives it heac.
Hear alſo what Solinus ſays : I Britam there w great
ſtore of Gagates cr Geate, «a wery fine ſtone. If you ack
the colour, ut u black and ſhining ; if the quality, ut 15 ex-
ceeding light ; if the nature, it burns m water, and :s
quenched with oyl; if the wirtue, it bas an altrattive
power when beated with rubbing | | ].
From Whitby the ſhore winds back to the welt-
ward ; near which ſtands Cleland, 1o called, as it ©
ſeems, from precipices, which in our language we
call Cliffs ; for it is ſituated by the ſide of ſeveral ſteep
hills up and down here; from the foot of which the
country falls into a plain fertile ground | g ].
Upon the ſhore, Skengrave, a ſmall village, flou-
riſhes by the great variety of fiſh it takes ; where, e-
venty years ago, it is reported, they caught a || ſza- a
man, who lived upon raw hh tor ſome days ; but at |
laſt caking his opportunity, he made his eſcape again
into his own element. When the winds are laid, and
the ſea in a ſtill calm, the waters thereof being ſpread
into a flat plain, very often a hideous groaning is
{uddenly heard here, -and then the fiſhermen are
with tfoſe that murder'd King Ethered, gave battel | afraid to go to fea; who, according to their poor
to King Ardulph at Hballey in Lancaſhire, bur with | fence of things, believe the Ocean to be a huge mon-
fuch il! fortune, that his army was routed, and him-
ſter, which is then hungry, and eager to glur it ſelf
ſell forced to fly for it. Afterwards he fell into a di- | with mens bodies. Beneath Skengrave fiands Kilron, a Kit
temper which kill'd him, and was interr'd on a hi) |
caſtle, with a park quite round it ; this belonged
here berween two hard ſtones about ſeven foot high ; | formerly to the famous family of the Thwengs, whole
which bcing at twelve foot diſtance from one ano- | eſtate fell to the Barons of Lumley, Hilren, and Daubeny,
ther, occalions a Cuirent report, that he was a gyant
Long after, Peter de Malo-lacu
built a Caſtle near this place , which from its grace
and beauty he nam'd in French Moultgrace, ( as we
find it in the Hiſtory of Meaux, ) but becauſe it be. |
in bulk and ſtature.
came a grievance to the neighbours thereabcuts, the
people ( who have m_—_ the right of coyning |
words) by changing one ſingle letter call'd it Moulr- | ſters heirs ; Agnes married ro Waker de Falconberg ;
grave; by which name it is every where known, tho' | Lacie married ro Marmaduke de.Thwerge, from whom
Vesy near this place is ſeated Skelron-caſtle, which be- Sits
longs to the ancient family of the Barons de Bris, 3 4
who are deſcended from Rcohert Bras a Norman. He >**
had two ſons, Ado:m TI ord of Sk:/ron, and Robert
' Lord of Anan-dale in Scotland, from whom ſprang
' the Royal Line of Scotland. But Peter Bras. the fifth
L ord of Skelton, died withour iſſue, and lefe his 1i-
che reaſon of it be little underſtood. This Peter de | the Baron Lumley is deſcended ; Margaret married
Malo-lacu, commonly called Mauley ( that I may fa- |
tistie the Curious in this point) born in Poi&os in |
France, married the only daughter of Robert de!
Turnham in the reign of Rich. 2. by whoſe right he
to Robert de Roos; and Laderina mariicd to Jolin de
Bella-aqua 5; men of great honour and repute ir; 1428
age. The Polterity of Walter de Falconberg flourithd
a long time ; but ac laſt che eſtate fell by a female to
came to a very great inheritance here, enjoyed by |» Willtam New, famous tor his valour, and honour'd
leven Peters, Lords ds Male-lacu ſucceſſively , who
bore for their Arms, @ bend ſable in an Eſcocheon |
Or. But at laſt the ſeventh dying without iſſue, * the |
arted by the ſiſters between |
the Knightly families of the Salvains and Bigors [ e].'
Near this place, and elſewhere on this ſhore, is found |
Black Amber or Geate. Some take it to be the Gapates, |
which was valued by the Ancients among the rarelt |
ſtones and jewels. It grows upon the rocks, within |
inheritance came to be
a chink or cliff of them ; and before it is polifh'd
looks reddiſh and ruſty, but after, is really ( as So-
linus deſcribes them) black and ſhining like a dia-
mond. Of which, thus Rhemnius Palamon from
Diony fs ;
I Inn
with the title of Earl of Kext by King Edward the
fourth. - His daughters were married to F. Coigneer:,
N. Bedbowing, and R. Strang wayes.
Near Hunt-cl:ff on the ſhore, when the tide is out,
the rocks ſhoot out pretty high ; and upon theſe your
Sea-calves(which we contractedly name Seales,as tome
think for Sea-veals or Sea-calves) lodge ingreat drovex,
and there ſleep and fun themſelves. Upon one ct :|:c
rocks neareſt to the ſhore, fome-one of theſe itands
centry, as it were ; and when any body comes near,
he either puſhes down a ſtone, or caſts himſelf upon
the water with great noiſe, to alarm the reſt, chat
they may provide for themſelves, and get into the
| water. Their greateſt fear is cf men; if they arc
| purſued by chem and want water , they commonly
me
C—C—_—
# Thy inheritance of Dancaſter, B:intcn, B: idclalic, $ic. ware 7 ortcd, &C.
* Sir MWikiam
ke?p
"FORKS
HIRE.
keep them off, by caſting up ſand and gravel with
their hinder fzet. They are not in ſuch awe of wo-
men ; 1o that thoſe men that would take them, dil-
-uile themſelves in their habit. Here are found on
:1is Coaſt yellowiſh and reddiſh ſtones; ſome ruſted
over With a brinith ſubſtance, which by cheir ſmell
and calte reſemble Coperas, Nitre , and Brimſtene: |
:nd alſo great ſtore ot Pyries like brab> in colour. |
Near, at Humly Nabs, the ſhore (which tor a long |
But this Danby, among other eſtates, was fold to the
Newils, of whom George Newil was fſummon'd among
the Barons to Parliament by Henry 6. under the title Barons
of Lord Latimer ; in whoſe poſterity thar dignity re- me
main'd to our age | i }. I have nothing now to ob-
ſerve here, but that the Baron de Meinill held ſome The i*%--
lands in this County of the Archbiſhops of Cancer- ;!,,,.,*
bury, and that the Corgmiers and Strangwates +, with
ſome others deſcended trom them, are obliged to be
way together has lain open ) now riſeth high with | attendant, and to pay certain military ſervices to the
-0.ks lye itones of ſeveral ſizes fo exactly form'd |
round by nature, that one would think them bullets |
calt by forme Artiit for the great Guns. It you break
lem, you ind within Stony-lerpents wreath'd up in
Circles, but generally without heads. Hence we
come in view of -#/ton-caſtle, formerly belonging
to this Buimers, Higher up at Dobham the river Tees
tows into the Sca, having tirſt receiv'd many ſmall
rirulets ; the lait of which ts a namelels one, entring it
near Yarwn, known for its maiket ; and waſhes Stokes-
3 !y, a fraall marker-rown likewiſe, which hath been
long in the hands of the famous family de Eure. Be
. low theſe, ſtands #barlton-caltle, which tormerly be-
longed to the Barons Meimill 5 and Harlſey, to the ta-
mily of Horhom, but atterwards to the Srrangwayes :
both of them old and ruinous.
The mouth of the Tees , I ſpoke of, was hardly
truited by Mariners heretofore ; but now it 1s found
craggs 3 and up and down at the bottoms of the | Archbilhops for the ſame. And whereas the King of Preroza-
| | pit. Reg.
England, by bus prerogative ( thele are the very words * $5 Y
of it) ſhall bave the Wardſbip of all the lands of them Wadſhip.
that bold of him in chief by Knights ſervice, of which
themſelves as tenants have been ſeiſed im their demeſne as
of fee at the time of their deceaſe, of whomſoever they beld
by the like ſervice, ſo that themſelves notwith{ anding hold
of the King any tenement of the ancient demeſne of the
crown, till ſuch time as the heir has come to years: Yet
theſe fees are excepted, and others of the Archbiſhop
of Canterbury and the Biſhop of Durham 7, ſo that
they ſhall bave the wardſhip of ſuch lands, tho' elſewhere
they beld of the King.
More inward among the mountains of Blackamore, Blackamore
there is nothing remarkable to be met with (beſides
ſome rambling brooks and rapid torrents, which take
up as it were all the vallies hereabouts ; ) unleſ ict be
Pickering, a pretty large town belonging to the
| Dutchy of Lancaiter, ſeated upon a hill, and forci-
ty be a fate Harbour ; and to direct the entrance,there | hed with an old Caſtle, tro which many neighbour-
were Light-houſes made upon both fides of ic with- | ing villages round about do belong, fo that the adja-
ia the memory of this age. Four miles from the mouth | cent territory is commonly called Pickering Lith ,
\, of this 11ver, Gisburgh (tanCs upon a riſing ground; | the Liberry of Pickering, and the Foreft of Pickering ; pickering,
** acpreſent a ſmall town : while it was in its prime, it | which Hen. 3. gave to Edmund his younger fon E. of
was very much giaced by a beautiful and rich Mo- |
natiery built about the year 1119. by Robert de Brus |
Lud of the town. It has been the common burial- |
pace for all the Nobility of theſe parts, and has pro. |
duced alter de Hemingford, no uplearned Hiltorian.
. Ihe place is really fine, and may for pleaſancnels, a
curious variety, and the natural advantages of it,
compare with Puzeols in Italy 3 and then for a health:
fu! and agreeable lituation, it certainly far furpaſſes ir.
The coldnels of the air, which the lea occalions, is
qualitied and broken by the hills beeween ; the foil is
truictul, and produces grals and fine flowers a great
part of the year ; it richly abounds with veins of me-
tl and Alwm-earth of ſercral colours (but elpecially
with choſe of ocher and murray) from which they
1pw begin to extract the belt fort of Alum and Co-
peras in great pienty. This was firſt diſcover'd a
ew yea's lince by the, admirab'e ſagacity of that
!21ncd\ Naturalilt Sir 7 bomas Chsloner Kt. ( to whoſe
tuition, his prefent Majelty has commirted the delight
ind glory of Britain, his jon Prince Hemry,) by ob-
+ feving that the leaves of trees were [of a more wealky
%. {ort of Green heie than in other places ; that the oaks
ihor toith thicir roots Vely broad, but not deep; and
= that tht: had much ſtrength bur little fap in them
xþ tha: the foil was a white clay, ſpeckled with ſeveral
colours, namely, white, yellowith and blue ; that it
never tioze ; and that in a pretty clear night 1t
nd and ſparki'd like glals upon the road-lide [h].
Next, Ouncsbery-Topping , a Neep mountain and all
0: green, rileth to high, that it appears at a great
Clitan-e ; and it is the 1and-maik that directs failers,
and a prognoitick to the neighbours hereabouts. For
win it's top begins to be darken'd with clouds;
ran generajiy follows 3. Near the top of it, a foun-
Lin jitues from a great ſtone, very good for fore eyes.
hills, green meadows, 1ich paſtures, iruitul corn-
he:ds, filby rivers, and the creeky mouth of the Tees,
low and open ſhores yet free irpm. inundation, and
te {2a with the ſhips in it, render the proſpect
"%icate, Beneath this ſtands Kildale, a Caltie be-
longin 2 to the Percies Earls of Norch:.mberland ; and
moe wo the eaſtward, Danby, which trom Brus, by
the Thwengs, came to the Barons Latimer, trom whoſe
Lancaſter. In this, upon the Derwent Atron is firu- ,...,.
ated, which gives name to the famous family of the
Attons Knights, deſcended from the Lords de Veſcy,
whole eſtate was divided by the daughters between
Edward de St. fobn, the Exers, and the Corgmiers.
From this Edward de St. Fobn, a great part thereof
came by a daughter to Henry Bromflet ; who was
ſummon'd to Parliament in the following manner, 27 Hen. <
(no where elſe to be met with among the Summons |"
to Parliament ;) We will that both you and the hers Veſy.
males of your body lawfully begotten, be Barons of Veſcy.
Aicerwards this title went by a daughter to the Clf-
fords. On the other ſide, four miles from Pickering,
near Dow (a very ſtrong current) is Kirkby: Morfide, Ki-kby
none of the moſt inconfiderable market-trowns, for- <<
merly belonging to the Efotevills, and fituate near
hills, from which it takes it's name.
From theſe, weſtward, ſtands Rbidale, a very fine Rbidile.
valley, pleaſant and fruitful, adorn'd with 24 Pariſh-
Churches, and the river -Rby running through the
midſt of it. A place ( lays Newbrigentis ) of va#t ſo-
litude and horror, till Walter Efpec gave it to the Clu-
niack Monks, and founded a Cloiſter for chem.
Here Elmeſly is ſeated, which ( if 1 do not miſtake ) Flnciicy,
Bede calls Ulmetum, where Robert firnamed de Rops, ©: 5,5
buile the Caſtle Furſam 3 near which, the river Recal
hides it felf under ground. - Lower down upon this
river ſtands Riton, the old eſtate of an ancient family
the Percibaies, commonly called Percyes. From hence
the Rhy, with the many waters received from other
currents, rolls into the Derwent, which waſhes Mal- Vion.
ton in this valley, a market-town, famous for its vent
of corn, horſes, fiſh, and Country-utenfils. 'There the
foundation of an old Caſtle is viſible, which former-
ly, as I have heard, belonged to the Yeſceys, Barons
of great note in theſe parts. Their pedigree ( as ap-
Barron
Fejcey.
4nd trom hence, the valleys round ict, the grafly | pears from the Records of the Tower ) is from Wil-
liam Tyſon, who was Lord of Malton and Alnewick
in Northumberland, and was cut off in the battel of
Haſtings againſt the Normans. His only daughter was
very | married to Ivo de Veſcy a Norman, who likewiſe left
one only daughter called Beatrice, married to Euſta-
chius the fon of Fobn Mmoculzs, who in the reign of
K. Stephen founded two Religious houſes, at Malton
and IWatton. For his ſecond wife (daughter toWilliam,
Heir are deſcended the Willoughbies Barons Broke. Conltable of Cheſter) was Lady of Watton. William
brve a proterbiallRhime ;
5 L eewpeorn Tine £24 Te
Wacn Roſebery Topping wears a Caps
—
Let Clivcland thea beware of a Clap. + And
Bbb the
——
IS
the 1'7(cigs.
Marth Paris
MS.
Lb. Du-
teclm.
Vid. pag.
prxccd.
New bor-
YUOW.
Biland.
Family of
the Mow-
bray:.
® In ann-
ther pl. cc
Call'd De
Fr. nre Bo-
Vi.
The Regi-
ter ot
Foumt a; n-
Abby.
G'!)lmng-
Caltlc.
Fairfax.
Fax.
Faixcd-ltar.
The Foreſt
of Galres.
A Horſe-
TICc.
Sherry-
hurcton.
Hinderskel
Comtum
onurcys.
No th Al
veartonthire
— _— —
the ſon of Euſtachius by his wife Beatrice, being rip- | a ſmall territory water'd by the lietle river Wwke. It
ped out of his mothers womb, rook the name Veſcey. | takes its name from the town of Northakverton, for-
Arms of and for Arms, A Crof, Argent , im @ field , Gules.' merly Ealrencun,which is nothing but a long ſtreet ;
This William, by B. CR to Robert Eſtotevill of yet, the mott chrong Beaſt-tair upon Se. Bartholo-
Knaresburgh, had two fons ; Euſtach de Veſcey, who
married Margaret daughter to William King of Scot-
land; and 7 Guarin de Veſcey Lord of Knapton. Eu-
{tach was father to Willem, who had a fon Fobn that
died without iflue, and Will;am famous for his exploits
in Ireland, and who changed the old Arms of the fa-
mily into a ſhield,Or, with a Croſs,Sable. William (his
lawful fon Jobs dying in the wars of Wales ) gave
ſome of his lands in Ireland to King Edward, that
his natural ſon called William de Kildare, _ in-
hegit his eſtate ; and made Anrbovy Bec Biſhop of
Durham, his Fcottee in truſt to the uſe of his fon ;
who hardly acquitted himielf fairly in chat part of his
ſhould ſtill be permitted to remam entire 5 which norwith- t1
charge relating to Alnwick, Eltham in Kent, and ſome ſtanding , the King afterwards commanded to be raſed,
mew's day, that ever I ſaw. King William R«fus
gave this place,with the fields abour ir,to the Church
of Durham; to the Biſhops whereof ic is much
obliged. For William Comin, who forcibly poſleſs'd
himſelt of the See of Durham,built the Caſtle there,
and gave it to his nephew ; which is almoſt decay'd.
The Biſhops likewiſe , his Succeſlors,,ndow'd it with
lome privileges. For in the Book of Durham, we Cy;
tind, that Hugh de Puteaco, Biſhop of Durham, fortified
the Town, having obtain'd thu favour of the King, that
of all thoſe unlawful Caſtles which by bus order were then
dettroy'd up and down throug bout England , this alone
J
other-eſtates, which he is ſaid tro have converted to | 47d laid even with the ground. Near this was fought The
his own uſe This natural ſon aforeſaid was ſlain at
Sterling fight in Scotland ; and the citle fell at laſt to
the family of the Atrons by Margaret the only daugh-
ter of * Guarim Veſcy, who was married to Gilbert de
Atton. But enough of this, if not coo much ; and.
belides, we ſpoke of it before.
Near this valley ftands Newborrow, to which we
owe Williem of Newberrow,an Engliſh Hiſtorian, learn
ed and diligent, (now it is the Sear of che famous fa-
mily de Balafie, who are originally from the Bi-
ſhoprick of Durham) and alſo Belrland, commonly
cali'd Biland ; rwo tlamous Monaſteries, both f unded
and endow'd by Roger Mowbray. The family of theſe
Mowbreys was as conſiderable as any tor power, ho-
nours, and wealth : they poſſeſſed very great eſtates,
with the caſtles of Slmge:by, Thresk, and others in
theſe parts. The rife of this family was in ſhore
thus : Roger de Mowbray Earl of Northumberland,
and R. de * Grandebeofe, being for diſloyalty depriv'd
of their eſtares, King Henry che firſt gave 4 great
pen them to Nigel de Albemie (delcended from the
ame family with the Albenies Earls of Arondell) a
man ot very noble extraction among the Normans.
He was Bow-bearer to William Rufus, and enrich'd
to that degree by him, that he had in England 140
Knights fees, and in Normandy 120. His fon Roger
was allo commanded by him to take the name
ed. 1o theſe Mowbrays alfo Gillng-caſtle, a little
way from hence, did formerly —_— ; bur now 'ris
in the hands of that ancient and famous family,
which from their fair heir, have the name of Fairfax :
for fax in the old Saxon ſignifies hair, or the harrs
|
|
the battel, commonly call d* The Standard, wherein %?
David King of Scotland, who by his unhead of,
crueiry had made this Country a mere deſert, was put
to flight with ſuch ſlaughter of his men,thatthe Eng-
liſh chemſelves thought cheir revenge then at laſt (uf.
hciently completed. For what Ralph the Biſhop ſaid
in his Exhortation to the Engliſh belo e the fight,
was tully effeted: A multitude without diſcipline 1s a
bindrance to it ſelf, either to hurt when they conquer, or to
eſcape when they are conquer'd. T his was call'd the Bar-
rel of Standard , becauic the Engliſh, being rang'd in- +
to a body about their Standard, there receiv'd and
bore the onſet of the Scots, and at laſt routed them.
Now this Standard ( as | have ſeen it d:awn in old
books) was a huge Chariot upon wheels, with a
* mat of great height fix'd in it; on the top whereof *
was a crots, and under that hung a banner. This
was a ſignal only usd in the greateſt Expeditions,
and was Jookt upon as the ſacred Altar; being indeed
che very fame with the Carrocium among the lralians,
which was never to be uſed but when the very Em-
| pire it ſelf lay at (take.
There is farther remarkable in this diviſion, Thresk, Tirk
commonly Thrusk,which had formerly a very ſtrong
Caltle, where Roger de Mowbray began his rebelli-
on, and calid in the King of Scots to the deſtruction
| of his Country ; King Henry the ſecond having ve-
of Mowbray, from whom the Mowbrays Earls of | ry unadvilediy 4yg'd bis own grave, by taking his ſon
Nottingham, and the Dukes of Norfolk ,are defcend- | into an equal ſhare of the Government and Royalty.
But this Sedirion was at laſt, as ic were quencht with
blood ; and the Cattle utterly demoliſht ; fo that I
could ſee nothing of it there , beſides the rampire.
An«ther flame of Rebeilion likewiſe broke out here
of | in King Henry the ſeventh's reign. For the lawleis
the bead ; upon which account they call'd a Comet | Rabble repining moſt grievouſly at that time, that a
or Blazing-ſtar a Faxed-fer, as allo the place before
ſpoken of, Hely-fax, from holy barr.
Below chis to the Sourhward tyes the Calateriam
nemas, commonly 7he Foreft of Galtres, which in ſome
places is thick and ſhady, in others plain, wer, and
boggy. Ar preſent it 1s famous for a yearly Horſe-
race, wherein the prize for the horſe that wins is a
lirtle golden bell. "Tis hardly credible what great re-
fort of people there is to theſe races from all parts,
and what great wagers are laid upon the horſes. In
this Foreſt ftands Creac, which Egfrid King of Nor-
thumberland in the year *684 gave with the ground
three miles round it to S. Carhbert ; by whom it came
to the Church of Durham.
Scarce four miles from hence, Sherry-button, a very
neat Caſtle buile by 9 Bertrand de Bulmer. and repair'd
by Ralph Newill firit Earl of Weſtmorland. is pleaſanc-
ly ſeated among the woods : near which is F Hinder-
sFell, a Cattle buitt by the Barons of Greyltock,
which others call || Huzderd- ell, from the many foun-
tains that ſpring there. |
Behind the hills to the Weſtward, where the Coun-
try falls again into a level, and the fields are more
fruittul, lyes Alvertonſbire, commonly North- Allerton,
ſnall ff:bfidy was laid on them by the Parliament ,
drove away the Colle&ors of it, and forthwith ( as
ſuch: madneſs upon the leaſt fucceſs ſpurs on without
end or aim) feil here upon Herry Percie Earl of Nor- ful
thumberland, who was Lieutenant of this County, 7
and kilid him : then under the condu@t of Fohy Epre- lin
mond their I cader, rook up Arms againſt their King **
and Country. Yet it was not long before they were
brought to ſuch heavy puniſhments as were due to
them. Here hard by ftands Seareby and Brakenbak,
belonging to the truly ancient and tamous family of
Laſcelles: and more to the Southward, Sezay, for- Liz!
| merly the eſtate of the Darells, after that of the
Dawnies , who flouriſhd long under the title of
Knights. |
The firſt and only Earl of Yorkſhire ( after Wil- 7.”
liam Mallet, and one or two Efforevills, both of Nor- Yai
man extra&ion; whom fome would have to have been
heredicary Viſcounts here )was Orho (fon of Henry Leon an!
Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, by Maud the daughter 14:
of Henry the ſecond King of England ) who was
afterwards greeted Emperour by the name of Orbo
the fourth, From whoſe brother liam ( another
fon by Maud) the Dukes of Brunſwick and Lunen- —
MENIIIrrr
» It was given m 6$5. rhe laft of rhar _ reign ; as ſome Latin editions, and the original Charter it ſelf (till extant in the Cottonian Library
2nd publiſhe by Sir Roger T'w1{den at the
of the Hiſt. Ecclr. Srm Dunelm.) abundantly reltific. + This Caitic was a great part of it laic'y
bernt down. * One part of the Hiſtory written by Rickard Pr.or of gexham bears the title De Bello Srandardi. Pits d: Script. Anglp.: 5 9-
7 bir Guarin. 6 Sir Guarin. 9 Sir Bertrand Bulmer.
.
-
burgh
1
ie H
RICHMONDSHIRE.
burgh in Germany are deſcended; who, as an inſtance
of this relation of theirs to the Kings of England ,
us'd the ſame Arms with the firſt Kings of England
that were of Norman deſcent, namely , two Leo-
pards or Lions, Or , im @ Shield , Gules. Long after
\chis, King Richard the ſecond made Edzwnd of Lang-
——
- plaining of male-adminiltration, di
a
d.
GR
# ®
18
e , fifth ſon to King Edward the third, Duke of
ork : who by one of the daughters of Peter, King of
Caſtile and Leon, had two ſons ; Edward theeldeit,
in the life time of his father was firſt Earl of Cam-
bridge, after that, Duke of Albemarle, and lait of
all Duke of York, who without iſſue loſt his lite vali-
antly in the battel of Agincourt in France. Ricoard
the ſecond fon, was Earl of Cambridge ; he married
Amn, ſilter of Edmund Morcimer Earl of March,
whoſe grandmocher likewiſe was the only daughter
and heir of Leone! Duke of Clarence ; and attempting
to ſet the Crown upon the head of his wife's bro-
ther Edmund , was preſently fas extend behead-
ed, as if he had been hired by the French todeltroy
King Henry the fifth. Richard—his fon, jn the fix-
teench year after, by the great, but, unwary gene-
roſity of Henry the ſixth; was fully reſtored, as /on
of Richard the brother of Edward Duke of York , and
Couſin German to Edmund Earl of March. And now
being Duke of York, Earl of March andUlſter, Lord
of Wig more. Clare, Trim, and Conaght, he grew to that
pitch of boldneſs, that whereas formerly he had
ſoughe the Kingdom privately by ill * mans. Com-
perſing ſedicious
rumours and libels , entring into ſecret combina-
tions, by raiſing broils next to wars againſt the
Government ; at laſt he claims it publickly as his
right in Parliament againſt Heary the ſixth, as bein
ſon of Ann Mortimer, ſiſter and heir to —
Earl of March, deſcended in a right line from Ph;-
lipps the daughter and ſole heir of Leonel Duke of
Clarence, third fon of King Edward the thi:d ; and
therefore in all juſtice to be preferred in the ſuccefiion
tothe Crown before the children of Fohy of Gaunt,the
fourth fon of the faid Edward the third. When ic
was an{wer'd him, That the Barons of che Kingdom,
and the Duke himſelf, had ſworn Allegiance to the
King; that the Kingdom by AR of Parliament was
conferr'd and entail'd upon Henry the fourth and his
heirs ; that the Duke deriving his ticle rom the Duke
of Clarence, never took the Arms of the faid Duke;
and that Henry the fourth was poſleſs'd of the Crown
by che right he had from Henry the third : All chis
he eaſily evaded ; by replying that the ſaid Oath
ſworn to the King, being barely a human Conſticu-
tion, was not bindi
with trath and juſtice, which are of Divine appoint-
2 He and his heirs to ſucceed after him.
— —
ment. That there had been no need of anAc of Parlia-
ment to {ertle the Kingdom in the line of Lancalter,
neither would they have deſired it,if they could have
rely'd upon any juſt title : and as for the Arms of
che Duke of Clarence, which in right belonged to
him, he had in prudence deciin'd the uſing them, as
he had done challenging the Kingdom «ill that ma-
ment : and that the tit'e derived from Henry the
third, was a ridiculous pretext to cloak the injuſtice,
and exploded by every body. Tho? theſe tings ,
pleaded in favour of the Duke of York, thew'd his
title to be clear and evident ; yet by a wiſe foreſight
'0 prevent the dangers that might enſue upon ir, the
matter was fo adjulted, That Henry the ſixth ſhould
pollels and enjoy the Kingdom tor lite, and that
Richard Duke of York ſhould be appointed his heic
and ſuccetfor in the Kingdom ** ; with this provilo,
that neicher of them ſhould contrive any thing to
the prejudice of the other. However, this heady
Duke was quickly fo far tranſported with ambition
that by endeavouring to anticipate his hopes, he raif-
ed that pernicious war between the Houſes of York war: t;--
and Lancalter, diſtinguiſh'd by the whjre and the red ''v<2 the
Roſes. Which in a ſhorc time prov'd fatal to himfelf rag
at Wakefield, Ning Henry the tixth was four times Lancatter ;
taken prifoner, and at laſt deprived of his Kingdom fl.
and his Life. Edward Eail of March, fon of Ri- 9 and the
chard, then obtain'd the Crown ; and tho* he was "©
depoled, yet he recover'd it, ( thus Fortune, incon-
ſtant and treakiſh, made her ſport with the riſe and
tall of Princes ; ) many of the Blood-royal and of
the greateſt ot the Nobility being cut off, thoſe here.
ditary and rich Provinces of the Kings of England in
France being loſt, Ireland negle&ed and relapſed to
their oid wildneſs, the wealth of the Nation waſted,
and the harals'd people opprefſs'd with all forts of
miſery. Edward being now ſertled in his Throne,
the jourth King of chat name, beſtow'd the title of
Duke of York upon Richard his ſecond ſon ; who,
with the King his brother, was de{troy'd very young
by that Tyrant Richard their Uncle. Next, Henry
the ſeventh conferr'd it upon his younger ſun, who
was afterwards, by the name of Henry the eighth,
crown'd King of England. And now very lately
King James invelted his ſecond fon Charles ( whom
he had before in Scotland made Duke of Albany, Mar-
quis of Ormond, Earl of Roſs, and Baron Ardmanoch )
't tho' but a child, Duke of York,by girding him with
4 Sword (to uſe the words of the form) putting a Cap
and Coronet of Gold upon bus head, and by delivering him
a Verge of Gold : after he had the day before, accord-
ing to the uſual] manner, created both him and ele.
I 604
becauſe it was IncontMont
ven others of noble families, Knights of the Bath.
A little child not full four years of age.
There are in this County 459 Pariſhes, with very many Chapels under them, which for number of Tn-
babitants are comparable to great Pariſhes.
—— — — - - — — _ —
— —_— - —— — - -
— -_— — ——— —- — — - — _ — — —— _ - -—— —
Cn OO CCS___— ——_ ETOP! _ nad GAS" _
RICHMONDSHIRE.
HE reft of this County , which lyes
towards the North-weft , and is of
large extent, iscall'd Richmondſhire, or
R ichmountſhire. The name 1s taken
from a Caſtle built by Alan Earl of
Bretagne in Armorica, to whom Wil
liam the Norman Conquerour gave this ſhire (which
belong'd to Edwin, an Engliſh-man) by this ſhort
Charter : 1 William, firnam'd Baſtard, King of England
do give and grant to you my Nephew Alan Earl of Bre-
tagne, and to yeur beirs for ever, all the villages and lands
which of late belong'd to Earl Eadwin in Yorkſhire, with
the Knigbts-fees as other Liberties and Cuſtoms, as freely
and bonourably as the ſame Eadwin held them. Dated
from our Siege before York.
With craggy Rocks and vaſt Mountains, this ſhire
lyes almoſt all high; the fides of them here and
there yield pretty rank grafs ; the bottoms and val.
leys are not alcogether unfcuittul. The hills afford 8,46, Le,
great ftore of Lead, Pir-Co1l, and alſo Brafs. In a #4 Pi-
Charter of Edward the fourch's, there is mention'd —
Mineral or Mine of Coper near the very City of Rich-
mond.But covetouſneſs, which carries men even to Hell,
has not induced them to fink into theſe Mountains;
diverted perhaps by the difficulties of carriage.
On the tops of cheſe Mountains, as likewiſe in 0- Stone-
ther places, there have ſometimes been found ſtones **'=-
reſembling Sea cokcles and ather Water-animals;which
if chey are not the Miracles of Nature, I cannot but
think with Oroſius, a Chriſtian Hiſtorian , t :at they
are the certain ſigns of an univerſal deluge in the
times of Noah. The Sea (as he ſays) being in Noab's
time ſpread over all the earth, and a deluge pour d forth upon
it, {o that thu whole world was oyerfloated, and the Sea,
”
_— % ned Ear AA” act —053- 7 FI Ts
— ——— — PIES
159
— _--
BRIGANTES,
-
—"— ——— _ - --
Wenwſcdaic
Bracchium.
Sratue of
Commonas
the Empc-
TULT,
read with cockles and oyſters, yea oftentimes bollow'd by
as heatven, ſurrounded the earth ; all mankind was de
ſtroged, but only thoſe few ſaved m the ark for their fauh,
to propagate poſterity ; as u evidently taught by the mo#H
fautbful Writers. That thu was ſo, they bave alſo been
witneſſes, who knowing neuter pait times, nor the Author
of them, yer from the ſigns and import of thoſe ſtones (which
we often find on mountains diſtant from the ſea, but over-
—- CAXSARI AVGVSTO
MARCI AVRETLH FILIO
SEN IONIS AMPLISSIMI
VENTS PIYS.
This was extant in Nappa, a houſe built with tur- N;,,
the water) have learn'd it by conjetture and inference WW rets, and the chief feat of the Medcalfs , which is ;;.
Where this Shire touches upon the County of Lan- | counted the moſt numerous family this day in Eng. '*
caſter, the proſpe&t among the hills is ſo wild, foli-| land. For I have heard that Sir Chriftopber Medealf” ©
cary, fo untightly, and all things fo till, that the. Knight, che chiet of the family, being lately Sheritf
bordeters have call'd ſome brooks that run here, Hell | of the County, was attended with 300 Knights all
becks, that is to ſay, Hell or Stygian rivulets ; elpeci- of this tamily and name, and in the lame habit, tg
ally that at the head of the river Ure, which, with receive the Juſtices ot the Afize, and conduct them
a bridge over ic of one entire (tone, falls ſo deep, that to York. From hence the Ure runs very fwitcy,
it ſtrikes a horror upon one to look down to it. Here with abundance of Crez-fſhes ; ever tince C. Medealf, Cn.
is fate living in this tract for goats, deer, and ſtags, within the memory of this age, brought that fort of
which for their great bulk and bran-hy heads are ve- | fiſh hicher from the ſouth parts of England [1]: and
ry remarkable and extraordinary. | bereween ewo rocks ( trom which the place is called
The river Ure, which we have often mention, | Atr-ſcarre) it violently rolls down its chanel not tar
has its riſe here out of the weſtern mountains, and | from Bolton, the ancient ſeat of the Barons de Scrope, Bir,
firſt runs through the middle of the vale Wentſedale, | and a ſtately caſtle which Richard Lord le Serope, ©
which is ſufficiently flock'd with cattel, and has a | Chancellour of England in Richard the fecond's *
great deal of lead in ſome places. Nor far from thg | time, built at very great charge. Now taking its
hrſt ſpring, while ic is yet but ſmall, 'tis encrealed by | courle eaſtward, ic comes to the town of AMidelham, Vs
the little river -Baint from the fouth, which iſſues
from the pool Semur with a great murmur. At the
confluence of theſe two ſtreams ( where ſome few
cottages, call'd from the firſt bridge over the Ure
Baintbris ) was formerly a Roman garilon ; of which
the Honour of which (as we read in the Genealogy
of the Nevils ) Alan Earl of Richmond gave to his
younger brother * Rinebald, with all che lands which *"
before their coming belonged to G:parrick the Dane.
'His grandchild by his ſon Ralph, called Robert Fitzs Ln44
ſome remains are yet extant. For upon the hill| Ralph, bad all Wentſedale beſtowed on him by Cona- N
(which from a burrough they now call Burgh) there | nus Earl of Bretagne and Richmond, and buile a very
are the groundworks of an old fortification about five | ſtrong caſtle at Midlebam. Ranulph his fon built a
acres in compal: ; and under it, to the eaſt, the ſigns |
{mall Monaſtery for Canons at Coverbam ( now con- 6G:
of many houſes are yet apparent. Where, among | tractedly called Corbam) in Coverdale; and his fon ®"
ſeveral proofs of Roman Antiquity, I have ſeen this
fragment of an old Inſcription in a very fair chara-
Rer, with a wimmged V1Hory lupporting it.
IMP. CAS. L SEPTIMIO
PIO PERTINACI AVGV.--
IMP CASARI, M. AVRELIO A-
PIO FELICI AVGVSTO- ---
BRACCHIO CAMENTICIVM--
VI NERVIORVM SVB CVRA LA
SENECION AMPLISSIME
OPERI L. VIE SPIVS PRA-
-- -- -- -- -» LE GIO. -- o- -- = -- --
| Ralph had a daughter Mary, who being married to
Robert Lord New, brought this large eſtate for a
rtion to the family of” the Newi/s. This Robert
evill having had many children by his wife, was
taken in adultery, unknown, and had his privy
members cut off by the adulterefs's husband in re-
venge ; which threw him into ſuch excetlive grici
that he ſoon dy'd.
From hence the Ure having paſs'd a few miles,
waſhes Ferus or forvalle-Abbey *, which is now de-
cay'd ; then runs by Maſham, which belonged to the wits
Scropes of Maſham, who, as they are deſcended from
the Scropes of Bolton, fo are they again grafted into
the ſame by marriage. On the other fide of this 1i-
ver, but more inward, ſtands Snath, the-chief ſeat of
'the Barons de Latimer, whoſe noble extraction is
| from G. Newil, younger fon' of Ralph Nevill firſt Larl
' of Weſtmorland, who had this honourable title con-
ferr'd on him by K. Henry the fixth of that name,
when the elder family of the Latimer; had ended in a 8m
female : and fo in + continu'd ſucceflion” they have ©
flouriſhed till our time, when for want of heits-male
to the laſt Baron, this brave inheritance was parted
among his daughters, who were married into the fa-
From which we may conjecture, that this fort at milies of the Percies, the Cecils, the D'anwers, and
Burgh was formerly called Bracchium, which before Cornwall. There is no other place in theſe parts re-
had been made of turf, but then was buile with ſtone | markable upon the Ure, but Tarfeld, formerly the 4
and mortar ; that the ſixth Cohort of the Nervi: ga- | feat of the Gernegans Knights, from theſe ir defcend:-
riſon'd here ; who alſo ſeeni to have had a Summer ed to the Marmions ; the laſt of theſe left Amce his vr
Camp upon that high hill trenched round, which is heir, the ſecond wife of John Lord Grey of Rother-*
hard by, and is now called Erhelbury. It is not long, feld,whoſe two children taking the name of Aarmin,
ſince a Statue of Aurelius Commodus the Emperour | were heirs to their mother *.; and one of them letr an
was dug up here, who (as Lampridius has it) was {tiPd only daughter and heireſs E/iz.aberh, the wife of Fitz-
by his flaiterers Britannicus, even when the Britains Hugh a famous Baron.
were for chuſing another againſt him. This Statue! The Ure now receives the Swale, fo called ( a5 5”
ſ:ems to have been ſet up, when through an extra-| Thom. Spore has it ) from ics {wiftneſs, which enters ;,..
vagant eſteem of himſelf, he arriv'd to that pitch of, it with a great leaping and burry of waters. This allo
folly, that he commanded every one to call him, 7he| riſes out of the weſtern mountains, hardly five miles
Reman Hercules, ſon of Fupiter. For it is formed in the | above the head of the river Ure, and runs to the eaſt-
liabic of Hercules, his right-hand armed with a club ;| ward. It was very ſacred among the ancient Engliſh,
and under it (as I am inform'd ) was this broken and | becauſe when the Saxons were firſt converted to
imperte@ Inſcription, which had been ill copied, and| Chriſtianity, there were baptiz'd in it on one day,
was quite decay 'd before I came hither. with great joy, by Paulinus Archbiſhop of York,
above ten thouſind men, beſides women and chil-
= — ——
—
— — ———R—— _——- --
' Of Ciltertimr, frunded firſt at Fors, add ofrrr tranſated hither by Stephen Ear! of Pritain and Richmond.
meme o barmion, and dy 'd iſſucleſr 5 and Robert, wo (jt behind 141m one only daughtcy and [ole heir Elizabeth, wife ro Sir Hevry £nz
dec of Ba" Jo
N John, that ans tt p-
H-gt, 4
"
”
” w >*
.
i
nes
RICHMONDSHIRE.
dren. The courle of the Swale lies through a preny
Lirge vale, which is called Swaldale from it, and has
ike. grats enough, but wants wood ; and firſt by Marricke,
where ſtood a Cloilter built by the Askes, men of
great naxe heretofore ; then by Maxk, where there
is great ſtore of lead. From thence by Richmondia,
nod, Commonly Richmond, the chief city of this Shire,
encios'd with walls of no great compals; yet by the
ſ.burts which ſhoot out in length to the thiee gates,
it is pretty populous. It was Puile by Alan the firſt
Earl, who ( not daring to rely upon Gilling, his vil-
lege or menour haid ty, to withſtand the alfaulcs
”
”w
o; the Saxons and Danes, whom the Normans had |
ſtrip'd of their inbericances) grac'd it with this name,
ſigni ying a Rich Moxnt, and tortify'd it with walls and
a vey ſtrong caſllle fituared upon a ro-k,from whence
it looks down upon the river Swale, which with a great
murmur ſeems to rulh rather than run among the |
ſtones. The village Gulling was rather ho:y upon the ac.
count of Religion, than itrong in reſpect of its fortitica- |
tions z Ever ſince Oſwizvs KR. of Northumberland, by the |
treachery of his f Halt, was ſlain in this place, which |
is called by Bede Gerbling. To expiate whoſe mur-
der, a Monaſtery was built here ; which was highly
eſteem'd and honour'd by our anceſtors. More to-
wards the north ſtands Ravenſwath, a caltie en-
compals'd with a pretty large wall, now ruinous ;
\F:z Which belonged to thole Barons called Fuz- Hugh,
ceſcended from an old line of Engliſh who were Lords
of this place te'ore the Norman Conqueſt, and flou. |
riſh'd cill the time of Henry 7. being enriched with
reat eſtates by mariiages with the heirs of the famous
2 nilies of the Forneaux and Marmions ; which went
at laſt by females to the Fienes Lords Dacre in the
South, and to the Parr.
Three miles below Richmond, the Swale flows by
that old city which Ptolemy and Antoninus call Car
> ratonium and Catarraton, but Bede Catarractan, and
in another place the village near Catarra#a ; which
makes me think that name given it from the Catar-
rat, ſeeing here is a great fall of water hard by, tho'
nearer Richmond ; where ( as I already obſerv'd ) the
Swale rather ruſhes than runs, its waters being daſhed
and broken by thoſe crags ic meets with. And why
ſhould he call it a village near Catarra&s, if there had
been no_ catarad of the waters there ? That it was a
city of great note in thoſe times, may be inferrd
from Prolemy, becauſe an Obſervacion of the Hea-
vens was taken there. For in his Magna Conſtruio
(lib. 2. cap. 6.) he deſcribes the 24th parallel to be
through Catarratonium in Britain, and to be diſtant
from the xquator 57 degrees. Yet in his Geography
he defines the longeſt day to be 18 Equinodtial hours:
ſo that according to his own calculation, it is diſtant
58 degrees. Bur at this day (as the Poet ſays) it has
k; u- nothing great but the memory of what it was. For it is
but a very ſmall village, called Catarrick, and Catar.
&. rick-bridge 3 yet remarkable for its ſituation by a Ro-
man highway which crotles the river here, and tor
thoſe heaps of rubbiſh up and down, which carry
ſome colour of antiquity : eſpecially near Ketterick/-
wart, and Burghale, which are ſomewhat diltane from
pþ.tahs
C.
|
| river, where I ſaw a huge mount as it were with four
bulwarks caſt up with great labour to a conſiderable
heighe |m]. What it might ſuffer from the Pics and
Saxons, wh:n with fire and ſword they laid waſte
| the Cities of Brirain, I cannot certainly tell ; yer
| when the Saxon Government was eltabli{h'd, ic ſeents
|to have flouriſh'd { though Bede always calls it a vil-
lage,) till in the year 75y it was burnt by. Eanredws
or Beanredus the tyrant, who deſtroyed the Kingdom
of Northumberland. But immediately after, he him-
ſelf was milecably burnt, and Catarraonium began
© raiſe its tead again: for, in the 77th year after,
Ring Etheldred folemaized his marriage with the
daughter of Offa, King of the Mercians, here. Yet ic
did not continue long flouriſhing ; for in the Daniſh
outrages which followed, it was utterly deſtroy'd.
The Swale, after a long courſe, not without ſome
rubs, flows pretty near Hernby, a caltle of the family Horaby:
de S. Quintin, which afterwards came to the Cogni-
ers ; and belides pleaſant paſtures and country villages,
ſees nothing but Bedal, ſituated upon another little Bedal.
river that runs into it, which in the time of King
Edward the firſt gloried in irs Baron * Brian Fitz,» Firz-Alan;
Alan, famous for his ancient Nobility, being deſcend-
ed + from the Dukes of Biicain and the Earls of
Richmond : but for default of ifſue-male, this inhe-
ricance was broughe by daughters to the Staplerons
and the Greys of Rotherfeld.
The Swale being now paſt Richmondſhire, draws
ncarer to the Ure, where it ſees Topchffe, the chief Topeliffe,
ſeat of the Percies, call'd by Marianus Taven-clife,
who ſays that in the year 949. the States of Northum-
berland took an cath of Allegiance there to King
Eldred the Welt-Saxon, brother to Edmund [n}]. Ac
the very confluence of thele wo rivers ſtands Mitten, Miten,
a very ſinall village, bur memorable for no ſinall
flaughter there. For in the year 1319, when Eng-
land was almoſt made deſolate by a raging plague,
the Scots continued their ravages to this place, and
eaſily routed a conſiderable body of Prieſts and Pea-
ſants, which the Archbilhop of York had drawn to-
gether againſt chem. But now to return. From Ca-
tarrattonium the military-way falls into two roads ;
that cowards the north lies,by Caldwell and Aldburgh, & 1,
(which imports in the Saxon language as old burgh.) aidburgh.
By what name it went formerly, 1 cannot eaſily
gueſs. Ir ſeems to have been a A City from its
large ruins; and near it, by a village called Sranwig,
lies a dicch of about eight miles long, drawn between
the Tees and the Swale. As the Way runs towards the
| north-weſt, twelve miles off ic goes by Bowes, at | Circiur
preſent a little village, and ſometimes write Bough ; tower.
where, in former ages, the Earls of Richmond
ad
a little caſtle, a tribute called Thorough-roll, and theic
Gallows. But formerly ic was called in Antoninus's
Itinerary Lavatre and Levatre, as both irs diſtance, Lavursi
and the ſituation by a military way (which is viſible
by the ridge of it) do plainly demonſtrate. The an-
tiquicy of it is farther confirmed by an old ſtone in
the Church, uſed there not long ago for a Commu-
nion-table, wich this Inſcription, in honour of Hadri-
an the Emperour.
the bridge; and likewiie more eaſtward hard by the
]
IMP. CASARI DIVI TRAIANI PARTHICI. Maxfhiio,
DIVI NERVA NEPOTI TRAIANO.
NO AVG. PONT. MAXM.-
COS. I.-- - - P.P. COH. HIL F. -
IO. SEV.
nt was alſo dug up liere.
This fragme
FRONTINYS.
COH. IL THR AC.
In Severus reign, when Virius Lapus was Legate
and Proprztor of Britain, the firſt Cohort of the
wm, Thracians was gariſon'd here; for whoſe ſake he reſto-
Kun. red the Balneum or bath ( alſo called Ralineum ) as
appears from this Inſcription. which was hence con-
Hadria
vey'd to Comington, to the houſe of the molt famous
and learned Sir Robert Cotton Knight.
.. FORTVN
IY SEX TTS
Inſtead of
Deg tor-
tur#.
mp» <<" WHr<L
OZ
O>*7
|e7-3<
P
|
|
3 vir Brian. + from the Earl; of Britain and Richmond,
763
BRIGANTES.
Seneca.
Sec Fiint-
ſhre.
TC
* Orb1bus.
+ Numer 1s
Explurat-
rum
® [).1c19
Brianne,
Stanemore.
Spirtle on
Stanemore.
Rere-croſs.
About this
timne,Ove-
rus de St.
Martino 18
menrtion'd
as Earl of
Richmond.
Here I muſt corre& an errour in thoſe, who from | Normandy, who pafs'd Sentence upon him, tho” he
a falſe draught of this Inſcription , which has it | was abſent, unheard, had made no confeffion, and
Balingum corruptly for | |
place to have been calld Balingium ; whereas, Normandy and his hereditary
upon a cloſe inſpeRion it is plainly Balineuwm in Whereas he had publickly
the ſtone, a word uſed for Balnewm by the ancients, | judgment of Paris, and anſwer to the death of 4.
as the learned know very well; who are not igno- | #bur, who as his liege ſubje& had taken an oath of
rant, that Baths were as much usd by the Souldiers | Allegiance to him, yer had broken the fame, raiſed a
as any others, both for the ſake of health and cleanli- | rebellion, and was taken priſoner in the war. In
neſs ( for daily, in that age, they were wont to | thele times, the queſtion was bandied, Whether the
waſh before they eat;) and alſo that Baths,both pub- | Peers of France could be Judges of a King anoint-
lick and private,were built at ſuch a laviſh rate every | ed, and by conſequence their Superiour ; ſeeing eve-
where, that any one thought bimſelf poor and mean, that go dignity as it were drowns the leſſer , and the
bad not the walls of his Bath adorn'd with great and coft-| Ring. of England and Duke of Normandy at
ly * Boſſes. In theſe, men and women waſhed pro- | that time was the ſelf fame perſon. But where am ]
miſcuouſly togerher ; tho' that was often prohibited | thus roving? After Arthur , there ſucceeded in the
both by th: Laws of the Emperours and Synodical | Earldom of Richmond Guy Vicount of Thovars, fe-
Decrees. cond husband of Conſtantia aforeſaid. Ranulph the
In the decline of the Roman Empire,a + Band of the | third, Earl of Cheſter, third husband to the faid Con-
E xploratores,with their Przfe& under the command of | ſ{tantia. Perer de Dreux deſcended from'the Blood-
the *Captain of Britain,had their ſtation herezas is ma- | royal of France, who married Alice the only daugh-
nifz(t from the Noritia, where it isnam'd Lavatres. Now | ter of Conſtantia by her husband Guy Thovars. 7 Pe-
{:cing theſe Baths were alſo call'd Lawacra by the La- | ter of Savoy, Uncle of Eleanor,Confort to King Hen-
tins, perhaps ſome Critick or other will imagine that | ry the third ; who fearing the Nobyility and Com.
this place was call'd Lavatre inſtead of Lawvacra ; yet | mons of England that grumbled at that time againſt
| fi-uld rather derive it from thar litde river run- | foreigners, voluntarily renounced this honour. Foby
ning hard by, which I hear is call'd Laver. This | Earl of Britain , fon of Perer .de Dreux : John the
modern name Bowes (ſeeing the old Town was burnt | firſt Duke of Britain, and his ſon who married Bea-
tothe ground, according to a tradition among the In- | trice daughter to Henry che thir d King of England.
habitants) ſeems to me to be deriv'd from that acci- | He had ifſue Arthur Duke of Britain , who according
dent. For that which is burnt with fire is call'd by | ro ſome Writers, was alſo Earl of Richmond. For
the Bricains, Boeth ; and ſo the Suburbs of Cheſter , certain, Fobn his younger brother preſently after the Rover
beyond the Dee, call d by the Engliſh Hanbridge , is | death of his father, enjoy'd this honour ; who ad- —_—-
nam'd by the Welſh or Britains, from irs being burnt | ded to the ancient Arms of Dreux , with the Can- Rica
ton of Britain, rhe Lions of England in bordure. He ***
was [| Governour of Scotland under Edward the ſe- bury
down ina Welſh in-road, Treboth, that is, a little rown
burnt. |
Balineum , imagine the | was not conviet ; fo they adjudg'd him depriv'd of Nawy
Lands in France. 4,
romis'd to ſtand to then
te”
Here begins th-t mountainous and vaſt trat , al- | cond, where he was kept priſoner three years, and '"
ways exposd to winds and rain, which from its be-
ing rough and ſtony is call'd by the Inhabitants, | the third; and Fob» Duke of Britain his Nephew
Sranemore ; for it is quite throughout ſolitary, bur for | the ſon of Arthur, ſucceeded in this Earldom. He
one Inn in the middle of it for the entertainment of dying without iſſue, at a time when this Dutchy of
Travellers ' ; and near this is the remainder ofa Croſs,
which we call Rere-crof, and the Scots Rej-crof,, that to advance his intereſt in France,
is, & Royal Crof. He&or Boerius, a Scotchman, ſays | of Montford (who had ſworn fe
this ſtone was fet as a boundary between England
and Scotland, when William the firſt gave Cumber. | as he
land to the Scots upon this conttion.ch
hcid it of him by fealty, and attempt nothing that | both as he was a man, as he was nearer ally'd, and as
might be to the prejudice of the Crown of England, | he had a better title. His lands being at length regain'd
Somewhat lower, juſt by the Roman Military way , | by means of the Engliſh , the ſame King gave it to
was a ſmall Roman Fort of a fquare form, which is | Fobn of Gant his fon,who at Jaſt reſtor'd it to theKing
now call'd Maiden-caftle. From hence, as I had ic | his father for other Lands in exchange. The King
from the Borderers, this Military Roman way weat | forthwith created John Earl of Montford (thefecond
with many windings to Caer Yorran. Duke of Britain, firnam'd the Faliant, to whom he
As the favour of Princes inclin'd, there have been | had married his daughter) Earl of Richmond, chat
ſeveral Earls of Richmond, and of different families: | he might oblige him by ſtronger ties, being a war-
of whom, with as much accuracy and clearneſs as I | like man, and a birter enemy to the Frenzh, Yet
can, I will give this following account in their due | by an A& of Parliament in the 14th of King Ri-
order, Alan Rufus Earl of Britain in Armorica - | chard the ſ:cond, he was deprived of this Farldom
Alan Niger, to whom William the Conquerour gave | for adhering to the French againſt the Engliſh. How-
this ſhire ; Srephen Earl of Britain his brother ; Alan | ever, he retain'd the ticle, and left it to his poſterity.
Earl of Britain, the fon of Stephen, Conanus Earl | The Earldom it felf was given by the King to
of Britain his ſon, who by the affiſtance of Henry | Foan of Britain his ſiſter, widow of Ralph Baſe:
the ſecond King of England, recover'd Britain from | of Draizon. After her death, firſt Ra/ph Newi! Earl
his Father-in-law the Sheriff of Porboer poſſeſſed of it, | of Weſtmorland, by the bounty of Henry the 4th,
Geeffrey Plantagener, ſon of Henry the ſecond King of | had the Caſtle and County of Richmond for term of
England, who firſt married Contantiz, only daughter | Life ; and then Fob» Duke of Bedford. Afterwards.
of Conanus : Arthur his ſon, who is {cid to have been | Henry the ſixth.conferr'd the title of Earl of Richmond
made away by King John. Upon this account Joby upon Edmund de Hadbam his brother by the mother's
was certainly impeach'd by the French as Duke of | ſids, with this peculiar privilege , That he ſbould take
— CO OO
gave to John Earl
_—
5 Calf d the Spittle ow Stane more. © The firt Earls were ont of the houſe of Little Britain in France, whoſe deſcent is confuſedly intricate among ſi
their own Writers ; for that there were two principal Earls at once, oue of Haulte Britain and another of Baſe Brirazn for many years, and every one
of their children had their part in Gwelkind, and were [ti!'4 Earis of Britain without diſtinflion. But of theſe the firſt Earl of Richmond, accord.
ng to our Writings and Records, was alane /irnam'd Feregaunt, that is, The Red, ſon ; $1, Earl of Britain, Kone) hrs Hawiſe great Awnt 10
William the 4 who g ave this Country waite irs by name of the Lands of Earl Eadwin in Yorkſhire, withal beſtowed buy daughter up:
him, by whom he had no iſſue. He built Richmond: caſtle, as is bejore ſorcified, to defend himſelf from dilmberited and out-law'd Engliſh men in tho/?
parts : and <ying lef? Brita to bis ſm-Conan Ie Grofle by a ſccond wife. But Alane the Black ſon of Eudo ſon of Geffrey Earl of Brita and Haw!(e
aforeſaid, ſucceeded in. Richmond, ana he having no child, left it to Stephen his brother. This Stephen b+gat Alanc, firnam'd Le Sivage, his ſon ant
ſucceſſonr , who alſified King Stephen againſt Maude the Empreſs in the bat;el at Lincoln, and married Bertha one of the hetrs of Conan le Groſs gar!
of Hault Britain,
y whom he had Conan
the ſecond of
; land,” diſpsſſ-ſiea Endo
and enaed his life leaving 01 4 oxe Agughter Conltance by Margaret /ifter ro Malcolme King of the Scots. Geffrey third
Ergland, was advanced by his father to che marriage of the [ud C nitance, whereby he was Earl of Britain and Ric
thur, w/o ſucceeded him. and as the French write, mas made away by King Joha his Uncle.
Savoy, Cc.
B ys.
e Perir Earl of both Br:tains by hereditary rizhr, as well as of Richmond, He by the affiftance of K. Her”)
to King Henry the econd of
mond ; Aut begs: of Þer Ar-
1 Then upon diſlike of the houſe of Britain, Perer U
8 Between john Earl of Monfor: of the hal blood , 1:4 Joan his brother's dou hter, and b the whole bleed od 6 Charles of
9 To mean the Parliament of France ua ati. { it Y ear of » MATE }
#* place
at laſt dy'd without children in the reign of Edward Ri K
? | Cab
Britain was hotly * contended for * , Edward the 3d, *t+
Fab
Mm:
ty to him for the ng 3
' Dutchy of Britain) all this Earldom, ill fuch time Cw
ould recover his Lands in France; he ſeeming ©...
at they ſhould | preferable ro the daughter of his brother deceas'd ?, 5
Vicount of Porhoet bis father-in-law, who uſurp'd the title of Britazn in right of the (aid Bertha bu wife:
RICHMONDSHIRE
_—
place in Parliament next the Dukes, To him ſucceeded
Henry his ſon, afterwards King of England by the
name of Henry
King Edward the fourth their brother. Laſt of all,
Hesry, natural fon to Henry the eighth , was by his
the ſeventh. But whiltt he was in| father inveſted Duke of Richmond ; but in the year ks wes
exile, George Duke of Clarence,and Richard Duke of | of our Lord 1535. he dy'd without iſſue .
Gloceſter, had this County beſtow'd upon them by
10 As for Sir Thomas Grey who was made Baron of Richmond by King
fardſbire calbd Rugemound and Richmount Greies.
Henry the fixth, he was not Lord of this Richmond, but of a place in Bed-
There are reckon'd in this County 104 great Pariſhes, befides Chapels of Eaſe.
ADDITIONS to the North= Riding, and
Richmond/hire.
thor ſpeaks of is Scarborough, which drives a
great trade with fiſh taken in the Sea there-
about, wherewith they ſupply the City of
York , tho' thirty miles diſtance. ides Hermgs
(which he takes norice of) they have Ling, Cod-fijh,
Haddock, Hake, Whiting, Makrel, wich ſeveral other
ſorts,in great plenty. On the North-eaſt it is fortifi-
ed with a high and inacceflible rock, ftrercht our a
good way into the Sea, and containing at the top a-
bout eighteen or twenty acres of good Meadow ; and
not near ſixty, as Mr. Camden has told us out of
Newbrigenſis, Whether the difference lye in the ſe-
veral meaſures of Acres ; or the greater part of it be
waſht away by the Sea; or laſtly, may have been
caus'd through an error of chat Hiſtorian ; I ſhall not
diſpute, ſince the matter of fa& is plain. * The
-#. Spaw-well is a quick Spring , about a quarter of a
> mile South from the Town, at the foot of an exceed-
ing high cliff, ariſing upright out of the Earth like a
boyling pot, near the level of the Spring-tides, with
which it is often overflown. It is of that fort of
Springs, which Ariſtotle calls ys 44244;, which in
the moſt droughty years are never dry. In an hour,
it affords above 24. gallons of water ; for the ſtones
through which it flows contain more than 12 gallons,
and being empty'd every morning, will be full with-
in half an hour. It's virtue proceeds from a partici-
ſa] I the North-riding , the firſt place our Au-
Woodward. The 'particular method of making ic in
this place is fully deſcrib'd by Mr. Ray, in his +Col- t Pag. 2or.
lettion of Engliſh words.
{4 For the Synod held here, our Author had no
leſs authority than the || Eccleſiaſtical Hiſtory of Ve- !.,-i>z
nerablz Bede : but yet neicher King Altred's Para- DO
phraſe, nor the Saxon Chronicle mentioning any
luch thing, makes ic a little ſuſpicious. And that
the whole matter is really a Fable, is prov'd by Mr,
Nicholſon in his * Hiftory of the Kingdom of Nor- * Part 1V.
thumberland, which will ſhortly be princed. _
This Whitby hath a very fair and commodious Ha. =
ven. There are about ſixty Ships of 8o Tuns or
more belonging to the Town.
(e] Since Mr. Camden's time , Adoulgrave in this Moulgrare.
Riding hath given the honourable title of Earl co
Edmund Lord Sbeftields of Butterwick, Lord Preſident
of the North, .and created Earl ot this place Febr.7.
in the firſt year of Charles 1.He was ſucceeded by Ed-
mund, his grandchild by Sir Fohn Sheffields his ſecond
lon ; to which Edmund, Fohn his {ou and heir ſuc:
ceeded in this honour.
[f ] All along theſe ſhores, Mr. Ray obſerv'd the
people very buſie in making of Kelp : which they
do in this manner. They gather the Sea-wrack, and
lay it on heaps; and when *tis dry, they burn it.
While it is burning, they ſtir it to and fro wich an
Iron-rake : fo it condenſes and cakes together into
pation of Vuriol, Iron, Alum, Nitre and Salt : tothe | ſuch a body as we ſee Kelpto be, and is of uſe ima
fight it is very tranſparent, w——_ ſomewhat to a
sky-colour : it hath a pleaſant acid taſte from the
Vitriol, and an inky ſmell. The right honourable
Richard Lumley has from this place his title of Earl of
Scarborough.
(b] 7 a the ſame coaſt is Whitby, not calld in
Saxon Srneanep Þeale (as our Author has it ) but
Srneoner HalÞ, as it is in the Saxon Paraphraſe of
Bede, and alfo the beſt Latin Copies. And there-
* fore Mr. Funiws in his Gothick Glofſary under the
word Alb, ſeems to have hit the true original, when
he fetches it from the Saxon hzl, hal, or healh (call'd_
king of Alum. If they ſhould not ſtir it, it would
yu to alhes as other combuſtible bodies uſe to
0.
[ g] The neighbouring traft call'd Cl;veland, has Cliveland.
ſince our Author's time given the cicle of Earl to
Thomas Lord Wentworth, created Febr. 7. 1 Car. 1.
who dy'd without ifſue. In the 22th year of Charics
the ſecond, the title of Dutcheſs of Cliveland, during
life, was conferr'd upmn Barbara Villiers , daughter tO
the Lord Viſcount Grandifon.
One could hardly imagine how this name ſhoule
be taken from Cliffs, when Travellers have obſerv'd
by Czdmon alb) which, as our Northern word Hall | it to be a perfect plain ; particularly by a profpe&
ftill in uſe, Hgnifies any eminent building. Hence the
Pagan God Woden's Valbol (or Yalhaul ) fo frequznely
mention'd in the E44a,and other old Cimbrian Wr1-
ters: and Crantzius fetches the name of the Cy of
Upſal from-the ſame original. y
[<) As for the Serpent-/fones, Mr. Nicholſon ( who
has made large obſervations upon the Natural Rari-
ries of thoſe parts ) affirms them to be the ſame wich
thoſe the Modern Naturaliſts call Cormua Ammons.
Whether they be original produRions of Nature, or
perrify'd Shell-fiſhes of the Nautilus kind, has been
very much controverted by ſeveral Learned men on
from Roſeberry-Toppin. The Soil 1s exceeding clayre ,
which has occaſion'd this Proverb;
Cliveland in the clay,
Bring tm two ſoles, and carry one away.
[h] The Abbey-Church of Gzb»rgh ſeems by the G-vurgis
ruins to have been comparable to the beit Cathedrais
in England. The Inhabitants of this placs are oh-
| ſerv'd by Travellers to be very civil and well bred,
cleanly in drefling their diet, and very decent and
neat in their houſes. Here are two Alum-works,one
both ſides. But he is of opinion,that they are rather |
ſpiral petrifications produc'd in the Earth by a fortof
ermentation peculiar to Alum-mines. Hence they
Te plentifully found in the Alum-pits at Rome, Rochel,
and Ly hb, as well as in choſe of this Country :
and *tis probale that Keinſham, and other parts of
-ogland, where theſe ſtones art found, would afford
likewiſe good ftore of Alum. But a fuller account
of thaſe Alums , than hitherto we have had, is to be
belonging to the-Chaloners, the other to the Darczes ;
but were both laid aſide ſome years ago. Potubly ,
Whitby lying more conveniently, and having plency
of the Mine at hand, may have got the crade from
chem.
[i] Since Mr. Camden's time, Denby hath afford- Danby.
ed the tirle of Earl to Henry Lord Danvers of Dant-
ſey, created Febr. 7. 1 Car. 1. but the dy'd wiebour
iflue in the year 1643. In 1674. June 27. this ciclz
hop'd for from Mr. Lbwyd, Mr. Beaumont, and Mr. | was conferr'd upon Thomas Oborn, created before Ba-
ren
766
DO OE PITS
—-— OTA we EET ory ”*
.
YC, OT Yer S2. — wger $0 7 EI RO TY her
_ —_—O— —— — —
= a —_— Oo — —— _
Co le-
tones.
Crcy-fiſh.
vanc'd to the dignity of Marquils of Carmarthen, and
lately created Duke of Leeds.
Continuation of the DU K. E' S.
As James 1. created Charles his ſecond ſon Duke of
York, ſo Charles ſucceeding his father in the Throne,
declared his ſecond fon James ( afterwards King
_ 2.) Duke of the ſame place : whereupon,at his
irth he receiv'd that ticle, but was not created til] che
27th of Jan. 1643. being the 19th year ot his tather's
reign.
As to the ſtones like Cockles, mention'd by our
Author in Richmond(hire, Mr. Nichollon affirms he
could never hear of any that were met with lying
ſingle and diſpers'd, but that plenty of them, as well
here as in other places of the North, are found in
firm rocks and beds of Lime-ſtone; ſometimes at 11x
or eight fathom within ground. Whence the Mi-
ners call them Run- Limeſtone ; they ſuppoſing thele fi-
gures to be produc'd by a more than ordinary heat,
and quicker fermentation than they allow to the pro-
duRion of the other parts of the quarry. And this
perhaps is as rational an account of theſe Sports of
Nature, as any that our Modern Virtuoli have hi-
therro vitch'd upon,
[1] Sir Chriſtopher Medcalff might have had a
ſtock of Crey-fiſh nearer home ; tor in the County of
Weltmorland,the rivers Kent, Lowtiher, and others, are
plenrifully ſtockt with them.
[m] Tho' the name of the old Caruradonium be
lefr in Catarick, yet are the remains of ic met with
about three flight-ſhors from the bridge, at a farm-
houſe call'd Thornburgh ſtanding upon a high ground;
where, as well as at Brampton upon Swale on the 0-
ther ſide of the river, they have found Roman Coins.
Upon the bank of the river ( which here is very
ſteep) there are foundations of fome great walls,
more like a caſtle than any privace buiiding; and
the large proſpedt makes it very convenient for a
Frontier-gariſon. Ir is credibly reported that almoſt
a hundred years ago, theſe walls were dug into out
of bopes ot finding ſome treaſure,and that the work-
k
men art laſt came to a pair of Iron-gares. Overjoy'd
at this, and thinking their bufinels done , they go to
refreſh themſelves; but before their return, a great
quantity of hanging ground had fill'n in, and the vaſt
labour of removing the rubbiſh diſcourag'd them
trom any further attempr.
The level plot of ground upon the hill adjoyning to
theFarm-houſe,may be about ten acres,in ſzveral parts
whereof Roman Coins have been plowd up; one
particularly of gold wich this Inſcription , Nero Imp.
Ceſar. and on the Reverſe, Fupiter Cuſtos. Within
this compals alſo, they have mer with the baſes of
old Pilla:'s, and a floor of brick with a pipe of lead
paſling perpendicularly down into the earch 3 which
1s thought by ſome to have been a place where ſacri-
tice was done to the Infernal Gods and tha: the hiood
deſcended by thoiz pipes. Likewiſe in Sir John Law.
{on's great grandfather's time ( to which family the
eitate came by marriage) as the Servants were plow-
ing, the Plow-ſhare ſtuck faſt in the ear of a great
brak-pot ; which, upon removing the earth , they
obſerv'd to be cover'd with ſlat-ftones,and upon open
ing, found it ( as *tis receiv'd trom our Anceſtors by
tradition) to be almoſt full of Roman Coins, moſtly
copper, but ſome of ſilver. Greatquanctiries have been
given away by the Predezetſors of Sir Fobn Lawſon,
and he himſclt gave a good number to be preſerv'd
among other Rarities in King Charles Cloſer.
The pot was redeem'd at the price of 8 / from the
S2queſtrators of Sir John Lawſon's eſtate in the late
Civil War, the metal being/an unuſual fore of com-
poſition. Ir was fixt in a Furnace to brew in, and
contains ſome 24 gallons of water.
Now from ail this, why ſhould not we conclude
BRIGCANTES.
ron of Kiveron , and Vilſcount Latimer , ſince ad- | Vicws juxta Catarrattans ; ſince Caterick-bridge, and
that Thornburrow, belonging to Burgh hall, was the | Num alcerum C.8. 7h: great Ergliſn ſejt or gentle Thif#,
T
_—
the grounds adjoyning, belong not to Catarick, but to
Brough. Upon the South-end of che bridge ſtands
a little Chape! of ſtone, where tradition ſays
| oY
| that formerly Maſs was ſaid every day at eleven a
| clock, for the Benetit of Travellers that would (tay and
; hear it.
' [n} The Oath ef Allegiance taken by the Nohili.
,ty of Northumberland to Eldred, is by our Author
| referr'd to Topcliffe or Tavenchrpe, upon the authq-
rity of Marianw. Burt || Ingulfus, who had better op. + yy
| portunitics than Marianw to know that matter, ſays %ay
the buſineſs was dilpatch'd by Chance:lor Turkery] ac
York.
Continuation of the DUKES of RICHMOND.
|; Next after Hemry-Fitz-Roy, Lodowick, Duke of I eo-
'nox, was created Earl of Richmond, 11 Jac. 1. ORs.
| and afterwards iri 1623. Duke of Richmond. After
him, Farres Stewart, Duke of Lennox and Fail of
| March, was created Duke of Richmond by Charles
the firſt, Aug. 8. and was ſucceeded by his fon E/me;
who dying young in the year 1660. was ſucceeded
| by Charles Earl of Lichfield his Couſin-german,
Which (aid Charles dying wichout iſlue , Charles
| Lenos natural ſon to King Charles the fecond, was
created Aug. 9. 1675. Baron of Setrington , Eail of
March, and Duke ot Richmond.
More rare Plants growing wild in Yorkſhire.
Allium montanum bicorne purpureum proliſerum,
Purple-flower'd mountain Garlick. On the ſcars of the
Mountams near Settle. See the deſcription of it in Synop-
ſis merhod. ſtirpium Britannicarum.
Alſine puſilla pulchro flore, folio tenuifſimo no-
[tras. Small fine Mountain-chickweed with a milk-white
flower. In the Mountains abeut Seitle plentifully.
Bifoiium minimum F. B. Ophris minima C.B. The
lea;t Twayblade. On the Heaths and Moors among the
Furze in many places. As on Blakay-moor in the way to
Gwuburgh near Scaling-damm, and in the Moor near Al-
mond»ury.
Calceolus Mariz Ger. Damaſonii ſp2cies quibuſdam
ſeu Calceolus D. Mariz F. B. Elleborine major ſeu
Calceolus Maria Park. Ladies ſlipper. Art the end of
Felks-wood near Ingleborough.
Campanula cy mbalaria foliis. Ger. Park, Tender
Ioy-leav d Bell-flower. I have obſerved it in watery places
about Sheffield.
| Cannabis ſpuria flore luteo amplo, labio purpureo.
| Fair-flower'd Nettle- bemp. In the mountainous parts of
| this Country, among the Corn plentifully.
Carum ſeu Careum Ger. Carum vulgare Pork.
Caraways. In the paſtures about Hull plemtifully, ſo that
they gather the Seed there for the uſe of the ſhops.
Caryophyllacta montana purpurea Ger. emac. mon-
tana ſeu paluſtris purpurea Park. aquatica nutants
flore C. B. aquatica, flore rubro ftriato F. B. Purple-
Avens. In the Mountains near the Rivulets and Water-
courſes about Settle, Ingleborough, and other places in the
Wet and North-ridings of ths County. Mr. Lawlon
bath obſerved thu with three or four rows of leaves in the
fiower.
Caryophyllus marinus minimus Ger. montanus mi
nor C. B. Thrift or Sea-Gillyflower. Mr.Lawlon found
this m Bleaberry-giil at the bead of Stockdale-fields net fat
from Settle : ſo tart it may not improperly be calil'd nioun-
t ainous as well as marit ine.
| Ceraſus avium nigra & racemoſa Ger. racemola
| fre&tu non eduii C. B. aviuin racemoſa Park. ract
| moſa quibuſdam, aliis Padus F. &. The Wild-clusier-
| cherry, or Birds-cherry. In be mount aizoms parts of r6e
| Ve/t-riding of tha County.
Chri:tophoriana Ger. vulgaris Park. Aconirum r2-
cemolum, Aqtza quibuſdam F. B. racemoium, 4!
Atza Plinnl. 27 c. 7. C. B. Herb-Chriſtopber or Bone”
berries. In Haſelwood-woods mear Sir Waltcr Vavajer
Park pale : alſo among the Shrubs by Malbam-Cave.
Cirſium Britannicum repens Clufii 7. B. aliud A
glicum Park. fingulari capitulo ſquamato , vel 12
&
fully wpown Stanemore near the Spittle ; and upon hy nn
far a diſt inft Species, and calf d Cochlearia minor rotun-
fins of the common Garden Seurvy-graf.
YORKSHIRE.
or Melancholy Thiſtle. In the Mountains aboat Inglebo-
rough and elſewhere in the Weſt-riding of Yorkſhire.
Cochlearia rotundifolia Ger. folio ſubrotundo C.B.
Common round leav'd Scurvy-graf. That, tho' it wſually
he accounted s Sea-plant, yet we found it growing plenti-
and Inzleboroug b-bills ; in which places, by reaſon of the
coldneſs of the air it ws ſo little, that it bath beew taken
dilolia ; but :ts Seed being taken and ſown tm a warm
Garden, it ſaon confeſſes its Species, growing to the dimen-
Conyza Helenitis folins laciniatiss Fagged-leaw'd
Fluabane-mullet. About @ ſtones-caſt from the Eaſt-end of
Sbirley-Pool near Ruſby moor. P. B, Thu bath been al-
ready rnention'd in ſeveral Counties.
Erica baccifera procumbens nigra C. B. Black-
herried heath, Crow-berries, or Crake-berries. On the
b-ggy mountains or moors plentifully.
tucus five Alga tin&toria P. B. Diers wrack. It s
often cat on the ſhore near Bridlington.
Fungus piperatus albus, lateo ſucco turgens C. B.
Pepper- Muſbrome with @ milky juyce, Found by Dr. Liſter
im Marton woods under Pinno-moor in Craven plentifully.
A_—_——
fide, mearGreta bridge and Br
ing 10 Kighley ; but moſt plentifully on the moors
Geranium batrachioides montanum noſtras. An
batrachicdes minus ſeu alterum Clu. $i#.? batrachoi-
mountain moſſe. All theſe ſorts are found upon Inglebovougb
bill. The lai about ſprings and watery places, The firit
and third are common to mott of the moores and fells in
the north of England.
Ocnichogalum luteum C. B. Park. luteum ſeu Cepe
agraria Ger. Bnlbus ſylveſtris Fuchſii flore luteo, ſeu
Ornithogalum luteum F. B. Yelow Star of Bethlebern.
In rhe woods in the northern part of Yorkſhire by the Tees
ignal,
Pentaphylloides ruRicols Shrub-Cinquefoil. On the
ſouth bank of the river Tees below a village called Thorp :
as alſo below Eggleſton Abbey. As Mickle Force in Tee/-
dale there are thouſands of theſe plants.
Pentaphyllum parvum hirſurum F. BR. Small rovgh
Cinquefoll. In the paſt ures about Kippax, a village three
miles diff ant from Pontefs aitt.
Pyrola Ger. f. B. noſtras vulgaris Park. Common
Wimer-green. Ie found it near Halifax, by the way lead-
ſouth of
Heptenſt all in the way to Burnley for near @ mile's riding.
Pyrola folio mucronato ſerrato C. B. ferrato F. B.
tenerior Park. Secunda tenerior Cluſii Ger. Sharp-
pointed Winter-green with ſerrate leaves. In Haſelwood-
woods near Sir Walter Vawaſor's park.
Polygonatum floribus ex fingularibus pediculis
7. B. latifolium flore majore odoro C. B. majus flore
des minus Park.? batrachiodes folio Aconiti C. B.? | majore Park. latifolium 2. Clufii Ger. Sweet ſmelling
batrach. aliud folio Aconici nitente Clufii F. B. ?
Mountain Crowfoot-Cranesbill. In the mountainous mea-
dows and buſhets in the Weſt Riding.
G. Geranium moſchatum Ger. Park. Musked Cranes-
bill, commonly called Musk or Muſcovy. It u to be found
growing comman in Craven. Dr. Liſter s my Autbar.
C. Gnaphalium montanur album five Pes ca.
Mountain-Cudweed or Cats-foor. Upon Ingleborough and
other bills in the We#Hl-Riding : alſo in Scosby-leas near
Doncaſter. |
Helleborine foliis longis augultis acutis. Baf ord!
Helkbore with long narrow ſharp pointed leaves. Under
Bracken-brow near Ingleton. At the end of a wood near
Ingleborough, where the Calceolus Marie grows.
Heilebarine altera atro-rubente flore C. B. Ellebo-:
ine flore atro-rubente Park. Baſterd Hellebore with a
blackiſh flower. In the fides of the mountains near Mal.
ham, four miles from Settle plentifully ; eſpecially at a place
called Cordil or the Wheyn. |
Hieracium montanum Cichorei folio noſtras. An
Hieracivum Bricannicum Cluſ. Succory-leaved mountain
Hawkweed, In moiſt and boggy places in ſome woods about
Burnley.
Hordeum polyſtichon F. B. polyſtichon hybernum
C. B. poly(tichon vel hybernum Park. inter or ſquare
Barley, 6r Bear-barley, called mm the North country Big.
Thu endures the winter, and is not ſo tender as the common
Barley; and is therefore ſown mſtead of it in the mount am-
0us part of this country, and all the North over.
M. Lilium convallium Ger. Lilly convally or May-
«llz, On Ingleborough and otber bills,
naria minor Ger. Park. botrytis F..B. racemoſa
minor vel vulgaris C. B. Moonwort. Though this grows
lomewhere or other in moſt Counties of England ; yet have
I no found it any where in that plenty, and ſo rank and
large, as on the tops of ſome mountains near Settle.
Lyſimachia Chamenerion didcta latifolia- C. B. Cha-
mznerion Ger. Chamenerion flore Delphinii Park.
minus ree. Roſe-bay. Willow-herb. In the meadows
near Sheffield, and in divers other places.
Lyſimachia lutea flore: globolo Ger. Park. bifolia
fore globolo luteo C. B. altera lutea: Lobelii, flore
quaſi ſpicato F. B. Yellow looſe ffrife, with a globular
{pike or tuft of flowers. Found by Mr. Dodfaworth in the
Eaſt-Riding of this County.
M. Muſcus clavatus ſive: Lycopodium Ger. Park.
Club-moſi or Wolfs-claw.
Muſcus clavatus foliis Cuprefli C. B. Ger. emac. cla-
Vaus cuprefliformis Park. terreſtris ramoſus pulcher
JS. 7 Sabina ſylveſtris Trag. Selaginis Plinianz pri-
ma lpecies Thal. C or Heasb cypreſs.
Muſcus erraſiels 9 clavis Ca alaribus foliolis
erectis. Smaller creeping -Club-moſs with erect beads.
_ Muſcus eretus Abietiformis nob1{. terreſtris rectus
F. B. Selago 3. Thalii. Upright fir-mo
Muſcus terreſtris rectus minor poly
rmos. Seeding
Solomon's ſeal, with flowers on ſingle foot-ſtalks. On th:
ledges of the ſcars or cliffs near Settle and Wharf.
Primula veris flore rubro Ger. Clu. Paralyſis minor
flore rubio Park-parad. Verbaſculum umbeilatum Al-
pinum minus C. B Birds-ejn. In the mountainous
meadows about Inglebarough and elſewhere in moift and
Wwapery places.
Pyrola Alfines flore Europza C. 3. Park. Flerha tri-
entalis F. B. Winter green with Chickweed flowers. As
the eat end of Rumbles-mear near Hel wick.
Pyrola Alfines flore Brafiliana C. B. prod. inte:
| green Chickweed of Braſil, Found near Guburgh ip Cleve-
| land, as was atteſted to me by Adr: Lawſon. :
Ranunculus globoſus Ger. Park. parad. flore globoſo,
quibuſdam Trollius flos: F. B. montanus Aconiti fo-
lio, flore globoſo C. B. Indeed it ought rather to be en-
titled an Aconite or Wolfsbhane with a-Crowfoot flower.
The Globe-flower or Locker gowlons. In the mountainous
meadows, and by the fides of the mountains and near wa-
ter-courſes plentifully.
Ribes vulgaris frutu rubro Ger. vulgaris acidus ru-
ber 7. B. fructu rubro Park. Groflularia ſylveſtris ru-
bra C. B, Red Currans. In the woods in the northern
part - ny County, about Greta-bridge, SC.
Ribes Alpinus dulcis F. B. Sweet Mountain-Currans.
Found in this County by Mr. Dodſworth.
Rhodia radix omnium 'Autorum. Telephium ro-
ſeum rectius. Roſewort. On th: rocks on the north-ſiae
| of Ingleborougb bill plentifylly.
Roſa :ſylveſtris pomifera major noftras. Roſa po-
mifera major Perk. parad. The greater Engliſh Apple-
Roſe. In the mountainous parts of thus County it # very
frequent. ;
Roſmarinum ſylveſtre minus noſtras Park. Ledum
paluſtre potius dicendum. Wild Roſemary or Marſh
Holy Roſe. On Moſſes and mooriſh grounds.
Rubus ſaxatilis Ger. Alpinus ſaxatilis Park. Alpinus
humilis F. B. Chamzrubus ſaxatilis C. B. The ftone-
Bramble or Raſþu. On the ſides of Ingleborough bill, and
other bills in the Weft-Riding.
Salix folio laureo ſeu lato glabro odorato. Bay-
leay'd ſweet Willow. In the mountainow parts of the
Weii-Ridimg, by the rivers and rivulets.
Salix pumila montana folio rotundo F. B. Rownd-
leaved mountainous d Willow. On the rocks upon the
rop of Ingleborough hill, on the north-fide : and on an bill
called Whernſide «ver again#t Ing leborough on the other ſide
of the ſubterraneozs river.
Sedum Alpinum ericoides caxruleum C. B. F. B.
Mountain Sengreen with Heath-like leaves, and large pur-
ple flowers. On the uppermoſt rocks on the morth-ſide of
Ingleborough.
Sedum minus Alpigum luteum noſtras. | Small yellow
mount ain-Sengreen. On the ſides of Ingleborougb« bill about
the rrvers and ſpringing waters on the north-fide of the bill
plentifully,
Ceo tTedum
— — —— - a -
BRIGA
Sedum Alpinum trifido folio C. B. Alpineum laci-
niatis Ajugz foliis Park. Sedis affinis trilulca Alpina
flore albo F. B. Small mountain-Sengreen -with jagged
leaves. On Ingleborough and many other hill, m the
north part of ths County.
Sedum purpureum pratenſe F. B. minus paluſtre
Ger arvenſe ſeu paluſtre flore ruben'e Park. paluſtre
ſubhirſutum purpureum C. B. Small - Marſh-Sengreen.
On the moiſt Rocks about Inglebcroug b-hill, as you go
from the bill to Horton in Ribbles-dale m a ground where
Peat u got in great plenty.
- Sideritis arvenſis latifolia hirſuta flore luteo. Broad-
leav'd rough Field-lromwort with a large flower In the Wett-
riding of Yorkſvire about Sheffield, Darfeeld, Wakefield,&Cc.
amorg the Corn plentifully.
Trachelium majus Belgarum. Giant Thbroat wort,
Every where among the Mountains.
Thali&trum minus Ger. Park. C. B. The leſſer Mea:
dow-rue. Nothing more common on the Rocks about Mal-
bam and Wharfe. ;
Thiaſpi foliis Globulariz F. B. montanum Glaſti
folio minus Park. C. B. opp. In the mountainow pe-
flures going from Settle to Malhbam, plentifully.
Thiaſpi vel potits Leucoium five Lunaria vaſculo
ſublongo intorto. Lunar Violet with an oblong wreathen
N T7 E S.
_— OO OO. CC
Vaccinia Nubis Ger. Chamzmorus ya Anglica
Park. item Cambro-britannica eju/dem. - Rubo' Idzo
minort_affinis Chamzmorus Ml B. Chamezmorus
folio Ribes Anglica C. B. Cloud-berries , Knot-berries,
or Knout-berries. Thus I found plentifully prowing and
bearing frait on Hinckel-baug hb near Settle. I bawve found it
alſo in Ingleborough end Pendle hills, but not in flower and
fruit. Both Gerard and Parkinſon make two Plants of ix.
Valeriana, Graza Ger. Park. Grazca-quorundam, '
colore cxruleo & albo F. B. cxrules C.' B. Greek
Valerian, which the wulgar call Ladder to Heaven, and -
Facob's Ladder. Found by Dr. Lifter im Carleton beck in
the falling of it into the river Are : but more plemifuly
both with a blue flower and @ white about 'Malham-cove,
in the Wood on the left band of the water as you po to the
Cove plentifully, as alſu at Cordill or the Whern, a »+-
markable Cove, where there comes out a great ſtream of
water near the ſaid Malham.
To theſe I ſhall add s Plant,” which tho' perchance. it b
not orig inally native of thu County, yet is planted and cul.
truated in large Gardens at Pantefraitt for ſale 5 and bath
been taken notic of by Camden and Speed ; that is,
Glycyrrhiza vulgaris Ger. emac. vulg. filiquoſa Park.
filiquoſa vel Germanica C. B. radice repente vulgaris
Germanica. F. B, Common' Liquorice. The quality of
cod, On the ſdes of toe Mountains, Ingleboroug h and
Hinckel-haugh, in moiſt places, and where water: ſpring.
this Plant in raking away the ſence of bunger and thirkf,
we have taken natice of in Cambridgeſhire-Catalog ue.
bw. 7
——_—
The BISHOPRI
HE Biſhoprick of Durbam or Du-
re/me, bordering upon Yorkſhire on the
North, is ſhapd like a Triangle ; the
utmoſt Angle whereof lies to the
Weſtward, made there by a contat
of the North boundary and the Teer's
head. That ſide of it towards the South is bounded
all a!ong by the courſe of the river Tees. The other
which lyes Northwaid, is at fiſt mark'd out by a
ſhore line from the outmolt point to the river Der-
2'ent, and thence by the Derwent ir ſelf, until ic re-
ceives the little river Chopwell ; and after that by the
river Tine. The baſis of this triangle which Ilyes
Eaſtward, is made by the Sea-ſhore, which is wath'd
by the German Ocean with great rage and vio-
lence.
In that part where it contracts it ſelf into an an
gle, the fields are naked, the woods very thin, and
the hills bald,but not without veins of Iron in them;
but the vales produce graſs pretty well : for the Ap-
pennine of England, which I have already ſpoke of,
Cuts it at this angle. Burt on the Eaſt part, or the ba-
fs of this triangle, as alſo at the ſides ol it,the ground
is made very | uitful by tillage, and the return of it
anſwerable to che pains of the husbandman ; being
enamell'd wich Meadows, Paſtures, and Corn-fields,
CRof DUR HAM.
of St. Cuthbert, or his Patrimony. For ſo they nam.
all that belong'd to the Church of D«rhem, of which =»
Cuthbert was in a manner, Patron ; who in the very ©
infancy of the Saxon Church was Biſhop of Linde-
farne, and liv'd in ſuch holineſs and integrity , that
he was kalendar'd for a Saint. And our Kings and
Noblemen (believing him to be a Guardian Saint co
them againſt the Scots) have not only gone often in
pilgrimage to his Body, which continu'd entire and
uncorrupred, as Writers would perſwade us ; but alſo
endow'd| the Church] with my great poſleffions,and
many immunities. King Egfrid gave large Revenues
in the very City of York, and alſo Crecs, which I
have ſpoke of, and the City Luguballia, to Cuthbert
himlelf in his life time , as it is in tbe Hiſtory of Dur-
bam [a]. King A/fFed,and Gstbrwn the Dane (whom
he ſer over the Northumbrians \ b] ) afterwards gave
all the Land between the river Were and the Tine (theſe
are the words of an old Book) to Cuthbert, and to thoſe
that (bould miniſter in that Church, for ever 5 by which
they mig bt bave ſufficient to live upon, and not be ford to
ſtruggle with want and y : moreover, they made bi
Church an Aſylum or Santtuary for all that fled to it, [0
that whoſoever upon any account ſhould fly to bis Body, ſhould
bave peace there for thirty ſeven days, and be imviolable up-
on any pretence whatſoever. King Edward and Athel-
thick ſet with Towns in all parts of it, and very pro- ;
ductive of Sea-coal, / which we uſe for fewei in ma-
ny places. Some would have this Sea-coal to be a
black earthy birumen, others to be Fear , and others |
the Lapis Toracius ; all which that great Matter of |
Mineral lea:ning, 'Georgiws Apricola, proves to be the
very ſame. For certain, this of ours is nothing bur
birumen harden'd- and concocted by heat under
ground; for it cafts che ſame fmell that bicumen
does ;- and-if water be ſprinkled on it, it burns the
hotter and the clearer ; + but whether or no it is
quench'd wich oyl, I have not yer try'd. If the La-
pis Obſidianus be in England, IT ſhould take ir for that
which'is found in other parts of this Kingdom, and
commonly goes by the name of Canole Coal : for that
is hard, ſhining, light, and apt to cleave into thin
flakes,and to burn our as ſoon as it is kindled. But let us
Sea- Coal.
nature more narrowly.
: way in Scotland under the King. For they pleaded (theſe
are the words of the Hiftory of Durham) that ihe
were Haliwerke folkes, i. bound to do nothing but bo
leavetheſe points ro men that pry into the ſecrets oi | Cuthbert, and that they ought not to march out of 1he cow
..+This whole County, with others that border up- Tees, either for the King, or for the Brſkop. But Edward
on it, is calld by the Monkiſh Writers The 1 and:
| T
ſtan, and Cnuto or Canutus the Dane, who went
barefoor to Cuthbert's Tomb, not only confirm'd
theſe Laws and Liberties , but alſo encreafſed them.
Nor did King William the Conquerour lefs encou-
rage them, from whoſe time ir was reckon'd a Coun- , ,,
ty Palatine; and fome of the Biſhops, as Counts Pa- Pu
latines, have bore in their Seals a Knight arm'd, fit-
ting upon a horſe with trappings,wich-one hand bran-
diſhing a Sword,. and in the other holding out the
Arms of the Biſhoprick. The Biſhops have alſo had
their Royalties, ſo that the Goods of Outlaws were
forfeired to them, and not to the King ; nay the
common people ," inſiſt ing upon privilege, bave refws'd 10
works ; that they beld their Lands to defend the body of St
fines of therr| Biſhcprick, namely beyond the T me ord the
the firſt abridg'd them of thele Liberies. For he v0-
luntaiuy
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{
The BIS HOPRICK of DURHAM
lantarily interpoſing himſelf as mediator between
Anthony Bec Bithop, and the Prior, who were then
ſharply conteſting with -one another about certain
Lands, and at laſt would not ſtand to his determina-
tion, ſeized (as my Author ſays) the Liberty of the Bi-
ſhopriek imto his own hands, and then made enquiry into |
many things about them, and abridg'd their privileges in
many particulars, However, the Church recover its
Rights afterwards, and held them without dimi-
nution,till Edw.the {ixth's timezto whom(that Biſhop-
rick being diiſolv'd ) the Parliament gave all the Re.
venues and the Immunicies of that See. But imme
diately after, Queen Mary had this A&t of Parlia-
ment repeal'd, and reſtor'd all fafe and found to the
Church again ; which ic enjoys at this day.For lately
Fames Pilkington the Biſhop commenc'd a ſuit with
Queen Elizabeth for the Lands and Goods of Charles;
Nevill Earl of Weſtmorland, and other out laws in
this County, who had been in actual rebellion a-
gainſt their Country ; and had proſecuted this uit,
if the Parliament had - not interpoſed , and for
chat time adjudg'd it to the Queen, in conſideration
of the great charge ſhe had been at in reſcuing both
the Biſhop and the Bilhoprick from the rebels; as the
words run. Butto leave theſe matrers,let us now proceed
to the deſcription of places [ c |.
The river that bounds the South part of this Coun-
ty, is call'd by the Latins Tei/is and Tea, commonly
Tees ; by Polydar® an Icalian ( who was certainly
then thinking of Atbefss in his own Country) with-
out any grounds *Arbefis ; .by Ptolemy it feems to be
calld * TOYASIE and Tweſis: yet I am of opinion,
that by che heedleſineſs of Tranſcribers it is milplac'd
in him. For whereas he makes the Tueſis or Tine to
be in che remoter parcs of Britain, now inhabited by |
the Scots ; and the Teſis or Tina is the boundary to,
this County : if 1 durſt criticiſe upon this ancient |
Geographer, I would recall it back hither co its pro- |
per place; and that as I hops without offence to the
Scots, who have no rivers, to which chey can right-
ly apply theſe names. The Tees riles in that ſony
ground call'd Stanemore, and with the many currents
which joyn it\on both ſides, flows through rocks, out
of which at Egk/ton (where C. Earl of Britain and
Richmond built 'a Monaſtery ) they hew Marble; and
- firſt it runs by Bernard-caſtle, built by Bernard Balliol,
great grand-tather to John Balliol King of Scots, and
denominated from him. But John Balliol, whom Ed-
ward the firſt had declard King of Scots, loſt this, |
a {mall market-rown, where ſtood a Collegiate Church
buile by the Nevis, which was a burial-place to them.
Bordering upon this, ſtands Rabye, which King Cnute Rabye-
or Canutus the Dane gave to the Church of Durham, m_
with the Land abour it, and Stanthorpe, ro have and
to bold freely for ever. From which time (as my Au-
wt the N-.-
vills.
thor has it) rhe family of the Newvils, or Ce Nova gl he Family
bave held Rabye of the Charch by arent of 4 | and a St
Yearly. For this Family is deſcended from H#alraeef
Earl of Northumberland ; of whoſe Poſteriry, Rober:
the Son of Malredas, Lord of Rabye, having marry'd
the daughter of Galfed Nevill the Norman ( whoſe
grandtlather Gilbert Newill, is faid to have been Ad-
miral to King William the firſt) their Poſterity then
took the name of Newil, and grew up to a conlide-
rable and very numerous family : they built here a
Caſtle of no {mall compaſs , which was their princi-
pal and chief Seat *. Theſe two places, Stamtborpe and
Rabye, are only ſunder d by a little river ; which af-
ter ſome few miles falls into the Tees near Selaby, Sclaby,
whete the Seat of the family of the Brakenburys now
1s, eminent for their antiquity and marriages with the
heirs of Denton and Iircliff { d ].
The Tees flowing from hence by Sockburne , the
houſe of chat ancient and noble family the Cogniers,
from whom are deſcended the Barons Corgniers of Rarons
Hornby (whoſe eſtate being much enlarg d by marria- ©8<'%
ges with the heirs of Darcy of Menill , and of Wil-
lam New Earl of Kent and Lord Fauconberg, went
in the laſt age co the Arherſtons and the Darcys,) runs
near Derlamgton, a throng market-town, which Ser a
Saxon, the fon' of Ulphus, with King Etheldred's P<lingion
leave, gave to the Church of Durham ; and Hugh de
Putesco or Pudſey adorn'd it with a Church and other
Buildings [e]. In a field belonging to this place, there
are three Wells of great depth, commonly call'd Hel
kettles, or the Kettles of Hell, becauſe the water by **ule
an AntiperiHiafis ,, or reverberation of the cold Air, is
hot in them. Men of better ſence and diſcretion
think chem to have been ſunk by an Earth-quake ;
and indeed not improbably. For we find in the
Chronicle of Tinmonth, That in the year of our Lord
1179. upon Chriſtmas=day, at Oxenhall im the out fields of
Darlington in the Biſhoprick of Durbam, the Earth raw'd
it ſelf up to a great beight in manner of a lofty tower,
and remain'd all that day till the evening ( as it were,
fixed and unmoveable) inthat poſture ; but then it ſunk
down again with ſuch a horrid noiſe, that it terrified all
the neighbours ; and the Earth ſuckd it m, and made
wich other poſleflions in England, for falling from | :bere @ deep pic, which comtinues as a teſtimony to this
the Allegiance he had ſworn to King Edward. At
which time, the King, being diſpleas'd with Anthony
Biſhop of Durham (as the Hiſtory of that place tells
us). rook rbis Cattle with all its appurtenances ffom him, |
and conferr'd it upon th: Earl of Warwick. Herks and
Hertr 2s be beſtow'd upon Robert Clifford, Keweriton up-
on Galfrid de Hertlpole, which the Biſhop had, as forfeit-
ed by F. de Ballol, R. de Brus, and Chriſtopher de Seton.
But ſome few years after, Ludewvicws de Bellomonte the
Biſhop, deſcended from the Royal Line of France
(who, as ic is written of him, was but ignorant,and
a meer ſtranger to matters of Learning) went to law
for this Caſtle and other Poſleflions, and carry'd the
Cauſe, Sentence being given in theſe words, The Bi-
ſhop of Durham ought to have the forfeitures m war with-
in the liberties of bu Bifhoprick , as the King has them
""n. without, Near this ſtands Strertihbam, for a long time
* the Seat of che famous and knightly family of the
Bowes or De Arcabus, who have often done great ſer-
vice to their King and Country in times of extremity.
Their pedigree is from W. de Arcnbw, to whom (as
I have read) Alanas Niger Earl of Britain and Rich-
mond gave it in theſe words, that he ſhould bear for
bs Arms the Scutcheon of Britain with three bens Bowes
mn it.
Art lefs- than five miles diſtance from hence, and
ſomewhat farther fiom the Tees, is Standrope ( which
Is alſo call'd Staintborp, that is cofay, 4 ory village)
_
lington, the Tees has no eminent Towns upon it:
| day. Thar there are ſubterraneous paſlages in theſe
- pits, and a way out of them, was firſt diſcover'd by
| Cuthbert Tunſtall the Biſhop , * who found a Gooſe in
the Tees which he had mark'd , and put into the
greater of them for an experiment | f ]. From Der-
ſo winding on by green fieids and country vil cemen
lages, it falls at laſt from a large mouth into che O- call'd Sur-
the Sea-coaſt. formerly
fouriſh'd
| The ſhore runs hence northward, being interrupt- you ic.
ed only with one or two brooks near Gretham, Where gym,
| Robert Biſhop of Durham built a good Hoſpiral ; the
manour of this being bveltow'd upon him by the Lord
of it Peter de Montfort. Next it, ſtands Claxton, that
gives name to a famous family in cheſe parts ; which
I the rather take notice of, becauſe T. Claxton, a great
admirer of venerable antiquity, was a branch ot it.
From hence the ſhore ſtarrs out ina lictle promontory
only at one place(ſcarce ſeven miles above the mouth
of the river Tees; ) upon which ſtands Harzlepole, a
famous market, and under it a ſafe harbour, well fi-
tuated. Bede ſeems to call it Heopeu, (which Hunt-
ingdon renders Cervi inſula, ) and tells us that Hei, a
religious woman, formerly built a monaſtery there ;
if Heortew be not rather the name of chat ſmall rerri-
rory, as the Durham book intimates, and in ſome
| places calls ic Heortneſſe, bscauſe it ſhoots our pretty
« "Tis very likely tht in the C pies we have of Ptolemy's Tables, T45e eigvnmc and Towarne (or Tier, a8 ſome Books have ir) ew;vore, are trand-
ac'd ; the former being turther north, and, «s the learned Sir G-orge Mackenty has well noted (Detence of the Royal Lineg&c. p. 79.) is now
nown by the nam off the March of Angus; bein
other be diſpos'd ©
Chriſtopher Yan- « 'Tis faidthis
the Frith or Oat let of the rirer Tay. So that this is ſtil] ro be left in Scotland; however the
s Ever tince _ James the firſt's time, Raby»Caltle has belong'd to the Family ot the Fanes ; and is now the Seat of
ory ot the Got is all Romance 1 at kaſt, nothing is now ro be heard of it thereabourg, \
far
Thoſe Gen-
cean, where begins the balis of this triangle towards & the 7zr)
—_——_— en A wy
BRIGANTES.
—_— — OC eE—_— —— —— — CS” —>———_—
miles together, the ſhore, with ſome towns ere
b- and there on it, affords an entertaining pro
| to thoſe that fail by, and continues uninterrupt
Vida, till it opens a pallage for the river Yedrs ; for
ſo it is call'd by Ptolemy ; but in Bede J/'re,
in-Saxon Weopz, and by us now Were. This
river riſes in the very angle of the triangle (name-
| ly, in the utmolt part of the County to the welt-
| waid) from two ſmall {treams Kel/bop and Burn-
| hop; which uniting into one current, take this name
and run ſwiftly to the eaſtward through valt heaths,
and large paiks belonging to the Biſhop ; and by
Hitton, - a Caltle of the Lords 4' Evers, who ave of an-
cient note and eminence in this County ; as being
deicended from the Lords of Clavering and Warkworth,
| W-rec.
|
Wirrnn,
Earons
Eners or
de Eire.
| Barons, tamous tor their warlike gallantry, as Scot-
= land can plainly ſhew us. For Ketrnes, a little town
| in the farthelt parts of Scotland, was beſtow d upon
far into the ſea. From this place, for fifteen|
as alſo by daughters from the Veſcies and the Attons |
there burſts out of them a reddiſh {alc water, whic,
| grows fo white and hard by the heat of the ſun, thy,
jped | they who live thereabouts, take it up, and ule it fq;
ed | falr.
Now the river, as if it deſign'd to make an iſlans
goes almoſt quite round the chief city of chis Coun:
| [cared on a hill : upon which account it was callq
wails beſides.
; a fine ſhow.
them by K. Edw. r. for their great ſervice ; and in| the welt. From the caſtle northward lies the market.
the laſt age Henry 8. dignified them with the ticle of | place and S. Nigho/as's Church, from whence there
Barons. After this, the Were, ſome few miles lower, ſhoots out a ſuburbs to the noith-eaſt for a good way,
receives Gaunl(i, a little river from the fouth : where, wichin a winding of che TIVET 5 as likewilſc others on
at the very confluence upon a little hill, ſtands Auk- both ſides beyond the river, leading towards the
Aukland. [ond, lo nam'd ( as Sarron in Greece was) from the
caks 5; where we lee a fair-built houſe of che Biſhops
Bec; and a very fine bridge, built by Walter Szrlaw
the Biſhop about the year 1400, 'who then alſo en-
largd this houſe, and made a bridge over che Tees
at Jurwm [g]. Fiom hence (che -Were goes north-
ward, that ic may continue the longer in this Coun-
ty. and ſoon comes within ſight of the refiques of an
old City feared upon the top of a till, which is not
in kcing at this day, but dead and gone many years
ago ; calld by Antoninus /imovwum, by Ptolemy Bi-
movin ; in which Author it is 10 miſplac'd, and as
Vinovium,
Fincheſtcr.
lf have diſcover'd it, but by Antoninus's direction. At
| preſent it is call'd by us Bincheſter, and conſiſts of about |
E. one or two houſes only ; yet much took notice of by |
[f the neighbours thereabouts upon the account of the |
j rubbiſh and the ruins of walls yet extant, and alfo for
the Roman coins often dug up in it, which they call |
Bincheſter-penies ; and for Roman Inſcriptions, one of
which cut out thus in an Altar there, TI lately met
with.
Of the Alo- DEAB.
eſe, fee MATRIB. Q. LO---
| Lancaſhire. EITED £8 BY QV N
74m TIANVS---COS
| 236. Y. > LL: M.
| ir inbens
it merits, Another ſtone was lately dug up here very much
4 defac'd with gaps ; which yer upon a narrow view
| thews this Inſcription :
_E=ERTA_RT_CHRT Tas >
{ TRIB. COHOR. I.
CARTOV -- --
MARTI VICTORI
GENIO TLOCH. |
E'T BONO
EVENTVI.
|
I have read nothing elſe relating to it, but what is
mention'd in an old book, That the Earls ot Nor-
chumberland tore this, with other villages, from the
Church ; when that curſed luſt after gold ſwallow'd
up the ſacred revenues of the Church.
On the other ſide of the Were, among the hills,
> --aaqk we fee Branſpeth caſtle, built by the Bulmers ; and by
a daughter of Bernard Bulmer ( marry'd to Galtfrid
Nevill) added wich other great poſleffions to the fa-
mily of the Newills [h]. A little lower, the Were
has many huge ſtones in the chanel of ic, ne-
ver cover'd bur when the river is overflow'd by rain :
[ upon theſe if you pour water, and it mix and tem-
| = a while upon the ſtone, it becomes thereupon
tiſhz a thing to be effeted no where elle. Nay,
at Butterby a lictle village, when the river is ſhallow
Yak icacs. and fallen from thoſe ſtones in the ſummer time,
- ” . Xx
09 549
with turrets, as it now ſtands repair'd by Anthony |
it were ſeated under another pole, that I could nzver |
| bridges: each of which has its particular and diſting
Church. The original of this cown is not. very anci.
ent. For when the Monks of Lindgisfarn were dil.
quicted in the Daniſh wa:s, and fore'd by that people
to wander up and down with the reliques of S. Curk-
bert ; at laſt (if we may believe itÞbeing admonith'd
by an oracle, they fix'd and ſettl'd here ahout the year
ot Chriſt 99g. But rake this relation from my Dur-
| bam- Author himſelf. All the people following the cory: of
| our moſt holy father Cuthbert, came to Durham a place
ſfrong by nature, and ſcarce babitable, enclos'd quite round
| with @ very thick wood ; and in the middle only a (mal!
' plain, which they ws'd to plough up and ſow : where Biſhop
| Aldwin afterwards built a pretty large Church of ſtone. The
ſaid Prelate therefore, with the belp of all the people, and
the aſſiftance of Utbred Earl of the Northumbrians, fell'l
and prubb'd up all thu wood, and in a ſhort time made
the place babuable. Laſtly, from the river Coqued 1»
the very Tees, there was no body but came in readily both
to belp forward thu work, and alſo afterwards to build
the Church : and till it was foamuſh'd, ceas d not with great
zeal ro follow tt. The wood being thus routed up, and
every one, as bu lot fell, having a bouſe aſſign'd him, th;
aforeſaid Biſbop, out of zeal ro Chrift and S. Cuthbert, b«-
' gan to build @ handſome pretty large Church, and endea-
vour'd with great application to finiſh it. Thus far my
Author | i ].
Not many. years aſter, thoſe of the Engliſh who
could not endure the Norman Empire, «ruſtling to
the ſtrength of this place, made it the ſear of war,
and gave William the Conquerour no ſmall diſtur-
bance from it. For Guilielmus Gemeticenſis writes,
That they went into a part of the County inacceſſible by rea-
ſon of woods and waters, building a caſtle with & jirony
rampire round it, which thry cail'd Dunholm. Ort «
this they made frequent ſallies, and kept them(elvues clo:
| there, waiting far King Sueno the Dane's coming. Bc
things not happening as they had expected, they
; took themſelves to flight 5; and William the Conguz-
| rour coming to Durham, granted many privileges 0
ſecure and confirm the liberties of the Church , an
buile the caſtle already mention'd upon a higher par:
of the hill, which afterwards became a habitation
for the Bithops ; and the Keys of it, when that $<c
was Vacant, an old cuſtom were wont to ke hung
upon St. Curhberr's Sepul cher.
When this caſtle was new built, William of Malm<s
| . 4 -- '
| bury, who liv'd about that time , gives us this Ce
(cription of the City : Durbam 1s @ bill riſing by (itt:
and little from one plain of the valley by an eafie and ow
aſcent to the ery top; and notwithſtanding by its re»
fituation and craggy precipices , the acceſs to it be cut (ff 0
all ſides, yet lately they bawve built a caſtle upon the #:'
At the very foot and bottem cf the caſtle , runs n exct:-0#
rever for fiſh, pecially Salmen. Almoſt at the ww_k
time, as that old book has it, William de Care-ef--
the Biſhop, who reſettled Monkt kere ( for the!
Cloifters had been every where tybverted by tn
[ans
\
%
.
1
Dunholm by the Saxons, For, as we may inter tro; ;...
Bede, they calld a hill Dun, and a River Iſland bolny, iu
From hence the Latins call it Dunelr.. m ; but the"
common name is very corruptly Durham. The tow,
{ſtands high,and is very ſtrong ; but is of ng great com.
paſs,lying in a kind of oval torm, enclos'd quite round
by the river except on the north part,and tortity dai;
In the ſouth part, almoſt where th:
| river winds it ſelf back again, ſtands the Cathedr;
Church, which with its ſpires and tower-ſteeple make;
In the heart of the town ſtands the ca.
itle, almoſt in the middle berween two ſtone bridges,
the one upon the river on the ealt ſide, che other on
— ——— Dorn Re IE ne — oe
The BISHOPRICK of DURHAM.
petty while after that, William Skirlaw the Bithop
rai-*d a neat building on the welt part of the Church |
which they call Galilee, whirther they transferr'd the !
marble tor. of Venerable Bede. In which place
Hugb de PuPacs formerly began a piece of building ;
wl ere Women (thele are the words of an old book ) ,
might lawfully enter; and thoſe who might not perſonally.
take a view of the ſecrets of the boly places, might mever-
theleſs bave ſome comfort from the view and contemplation
of the Samts. This ſame Biſhop Ralph ( as our Hi-
{torian relates ) converted all that ſpace of ground be.
tween the Church aud the Caſtle ( where many houſes
flood ) tnto a plain field, leſt the Church ſhould either be
defil'd by the dirt, or endanger'd by the fire of the town.
And although the city be naturally ſtrong ; yet be mereas d
both the ſtrength and ſtate of it by a wall: for be built
one all along from the Chancel of the Church to the tower of
the caſtle; which now begins by degrees to fall under
the weight of age ; but never, that | know of, bore
the brunt of an enzmy. For when David Brws King |
of Scors deſtroy d all with fire and {word as tar as
wt Beaupark Or Berepark (which is a Park juſt under the
4, City) whillt Edward |
: France ; Henry Percy and William Zouch Archbiſhop |
3. was at the liege of Calis in
of York, with ſuch troops as they could raiſe on a
ſudden, encounter'd the Scots, and chargd them |
with that heat and bravery, that they almoſt cur off
the rſt and ſecond battalions to a man, took the |
King priſoner, and put the third into ſuch conſter- |
nation, that they fled with all che haſte they could |
make ; their tear carrying them over the deepeſt pre-
cipices, till they got again into their own country. |
This was a remarkable engagement, and to be reck-
Danes ) having pull'd down that Church , which | Newbrigentis has it ) with great cot and expence, yet
Aidwin had built, began another more ftately, which | upon [ome accounts not very honourable : For to advance
was finiſh'd by Radulph his ſucceſfor, and enlargd |
wich other buildings by Nicholas Fernbam the Biſhop, |
and Thomes Melscomb the Prior, in the year 1242. A.
thus charitable deſign, be made wſe of bu power to extort
from other men, when be was not willing to allow enough
of has own to that work. However, he ſettled a very
good allowance for maintaining ſixty five Lepers,
beſides Maſs-prieſts.
From hence the Here is carry'd in a ſtreighter
courſe towards the north, by Finchale, where in the Fin lite,
reign of Henry 2. Godricus a man of ancicnt and
Chriſtian ſimplicity, and wholly intent upon God
and Religion, led and ended a folitary life ; and was
here buried in the ſame place, where ( as William of
Newbwrow lays) he was wont in @ fit of devotion to
proſtrate bim/elf, or to lye down m a fit of ſickneg. This
man grew into ſuch admiration for this holy ſimpli-
city of his, that R. brother to that rich Biſhop Hugh
Pudſey, buiit a * Chapel to his memory [k]. Hence » pct,
the Were runs by Lumley, a caſtle with a Park quite Lumley.
10und it, the ancient ſeat of the Lumkys, who are Buons
deſcended from Liulphus (a man of great Nobility in ©
theſe parts in Edward the Confeſlor's time ) who
married Aldgitha the daughter of Aldred Eail of
Northumberiand. Of thele, Marmaduke took his
mother's Coat of Arms; in whoſe right hs came to
the rich inheritance of the Thwengs, The Arms
were, In s field argent a feb Gules bet ween three Poppin-
jays Vert ; whereas the Lumleys before that bore for
their Arms, Six Poppinjays argent in a field Gules. For
the was the eldeſt daughter of Marmaduke Thweng
Lord of Kilton, and coheir to Thomas Thweng hec
brother. But Ralph the fon of this Marmaduke, was
made the firſt Baron of Lumley by Richard 2. Which
honour, John, the ninth from him, enjoys at this
day ; a man of accompliſhd viitue and integrity,
and now, in his old age, molt honourable tor ail the
ornaments of true nobilicy,
Oppolice to this, and not far from the river on the
on'd among the many bloody defeats we have given | other ſide, ſtands Cheſter upon the +reet, that is, a Ca- Cheſter vg-
the Scots ; calld by us The Battel of Newul Croſs. For \tle or little city by the highway ; call'd in Saxon
the greateſt of the Scotch Nobility being fin here, |
Concepcen ©: for which reaſon I have thought it the
on the
and the King himſelf taken, they were torcd to | Condercum, where, upon the lime of the Vallum, the fir{t Condercurn
pare with much ground hereabouts, and yie!d up
many Caſtles into our hands. And this may lufhce !
for Durbam; to which, with the Reader's leave, 1
will add a diltich of Necham's, and an Hexaſtich of
Fonſton's, and 1o conclude: |
Arte, ſituque loci munits Dunelmia, ſalve,
Qua floret [antt 2 religions apex.
Hail, happy Durham : Art and Nature's care,
Where Faith and Truth at th' nobleſt height appear.
Vedra ruens repidis modo curſibus, ag mine leni,
Seque miner celebres ſuſpucit urbe wir9s
Quos dedit ipſa olim, quorum & tegit ofſa ſepulta ;
Magnus ubi ſacro marmore Beda cubat.
Se jattant alie wel relligiome, wel armis ;
Hec armis cluit, bac relligione putens.
Unequal Were as by her walls it runs,
Looks up, and wonders at her noble ſons, |
Whom the gave lite, and now their death does mourn, |
And ever weeps o'er Beds's ſacred urn.
Let others boaſt of piety or war,
While ſhe's the care of both, and both of her.
—
As for the Monks being turn'd out, and twelve
Prebendaries with two Archdeacons ſubſticured in
lieu of chem ; as for the Prior's alſo being chang d in-
to a Dean : I have nothing to ſay to them. Thele are
things ſufficiently known to every body *, It ſtands
in 22 degr. of Longitude, and in 54 degr. 57 min. of
Latitude. |
Beneath Durham (not to omit this ) there ſtands |
- Eaſtward a very noble Hoſpital, founded by Hugh
þ:. * Pudſey (an extraordinary rich Biſhop, and for ſome
ime Earl of Northumberland ) for Lepers : and ( as
wing of the Aſtures kept garriſon in the Roman times,
as the Notitia tells us. For it is but ſome few miles
diſtant from the Vallum ; ot which I ſhall treat here-
after. The Bilhops of Linditarn liv'd retiredly here
for 113 years with the body of S. Carbbert, in the
time of the Daniſh wars. In memory of which,
whilſt Egelric Bilhop of Durham was laying the foun-
| dation of a new Church there, he diggd up ſuch a
prodigious ſum of money *, that he lete his Bilhop-
rick, as being now rich enough : and ſo returning to
Pecerborough, where he was Abbot before, he made
Cauſeys through the fens, and did ſcveral other works
not without very great expence. Long af.er this,
Anthony Bec Biſhop of Durham 3 founded a Colle-
giate Church, a Deanry, and ſeven Prebends here. In
this Church, Baron Lumley but now mention'd, plac'd
the monuments of his anceſtors, all in order, as they
ſucceeded one another from Liz!/phus down to our
own times; which ke had either pick'd up out of the
ſuppreſs'd Monalteries, or made new. More inward,
and in the middle ( as it werz ) of the triangle, ſtands
another ſmall village, lately noted for it's College,
with a Dean and Prebendaries in ic, founded by the
| faid Anthony, The name of the place is Lanchefter ;
which 1 once imagin'd to be the old Longovicum.
Burt to return to the Were; which at laſt winds
about into the eaſt, and running by Hz:/ton a caltle of yi...
the Hiltons, falls into the fea at Wiran-muth (as Bede caltie.
calls it) but now Monks-were-mouth, that is, the mouth
of the Were belonging to the Monks. Of which,
William of Malmesbu: y writes thus : The Were flow-
ing into the Sea here, kindly receives the ſhips that are
brought m with @ gentle wind : upon each bank wher:of,
Benedi&, Biſhop, built a Church [1], and likew ſe
— ——
— > —————
CRC Cc RR
« From an Altar found at Benwal/ in Northumberland, 'tis probable the Condercum was there ; that place being nearet ad Zincam Valli, Sce
Kthumberland.
, , | ' LITETY ; #*u* T7 bs M7 I "Fin
Ard unwilling I am to remember how this Biſhoprice was a: falv'd by a private Statute, and al the paſſeſſims thereof given t3 Edward 6. when
aw greedineſ; edz'd by
14 Bu 12en Mary ripeal'd that Stwrute, and reftar'd the os B.jhopric
a riarci 9;
1293. ®* Bary'd, aus is t9)4gh5, by Fae ROWAN, J
Cnerch men did grind: the Courcn, and wiihdrew mich from God, whirewith Cariſian picty bai tomerty bynous'd
&, with all the pri fins and franchiſes tnereef, tha; G4 might enjoy bus
Jerw/ al.m.
*CCcc rbe
In |
| Biſhop Be-
the ſame places founded Monaſteries ; the one to Ferer, nedict.
”
—_— vc wo i YEIRESRY * 9s *% _. -
>——<>— —_——_—_—_— Po—_ wa
* UOIE7 « s "
a od AD eee rap eomocc es
® ApCX.
Fbcheltcr.
S. Eioa.
S. Tabbs.
Cartcſhcad,
CG JHroa-
{cutum.
1080.
Jarrow,
Girwy.
ls 4 i
eee. mee eee ee
the other to Paul. Whoever reads the life of this man,
will admire hs induſtry ; in bringing hither great ſtore of
books, and m being the fir it man that ever brought Maſons
and Glaziers mio England.
Five miles higher, the Tine alſo draws to its mouth,
which for ſ»me way (as we have oblerv'd ) made the
north-ſide of our triangle, with the Derwent. Upon
the Derweart, which riſes near the * angle of this tr1-
angie. nothing is eminent, unlels it be Ebcheſter ( as
they now call it,) a finall village, fo nam'd from
Ebba detec 0 From the blood-royal of the Northum-
brians 3 wh » 100: 11h'd about the year 639. in ſo much
repute and eſteem tor her ſanctity, that ſhe was ſo-
lemnly canon?z'd for a Saint, and has many Churches
dedicated to her in this Iſland , which are commonly
call'd-St. Tabbs, for St. Ebb:
The firſt remarkable upon the Tine, is Gateſhead,
in Saxon Gaertrheveo, and in the ſame ſence by Hi-
{torians Capre caput , i. e. Goats-head ; which 15 a
kind of Suburbs :o Newcaſtle upon the other fide
the Tine, and was annexed to it by Edward the [ixth,
when he had ſuppreſsd the Biſhoprick ; but Queen
Mary ſoon after reſtor'd it to the Church. This piace
is commonly believ'd tobe of greater antiquity than
Newcaſtle it ſeif And it I ſhould fay farther, that
this and Newcaltle (for they ſeem formerly to have
been only one Town parted by the river) were that
Frontier-garifen which in the times of the later Em-
perours was call'd Gabroſentum, and detended by the
ſecond Coliort of the Thraces ; and that it retain'd its
old name in a due ſenſe and fignitication, notwich.
ſtanding this Newcaſtle has chang'd its name once or
twice : I hope it would beno ways inconſiſtent with
eruth.For Gaffr is us'd by the Britains for a Goat, and Hen
in compoſition for Pen, which fignities a head : and
in this very ſenſe and meaning it is plainly call'd Ca-
pre caput, or Goats-head, by our old Latin Hiſtorians :
as Brunduſium took its name from the head of a Stag,
in the language of the Meſſapis, And I am apt to
fancy that this name was given the place from ſome
Inn or other that had ſet out the Goats-head for the
ſign ; juit like the Cock in Africa, The three SsFters in
Spain, and The Pear in Italy, all of them mention'd
by Antoninus ; which (as fome learned men think)
cook their names from ſuch ſigns. As for our Hiſto.
rians,they unanimoully call it Capre capur,when they
tell us that Yalcher Biſhop of Durham (who was con-
{tiered Earl by William the Conquerour, to govern
the Northumbrians) was ſlain in this place by the fu-
rious rabble for his ſevere and illegal proceedings.
Below this village, almoſt upon the mouth of the
Tine, (tands Girwy, now Farrow ; where venerable
Bede was born, and where a little Monaſtery here-
tolore flouriſht. When and by whom it was found-
ed, may be learnt from this Inſcription, which is le-
gible to this day in the Church-wall ;
* Since the yer 155, (wherein Mr. Camder. publiſhe the laſt Editioa of his Britannia) there have been five Biſhops of this See.
4 ra rreat wilt approv'd in domeſt:cal and foreign employments,
occaſion of their muniticence to his
Church ; our Hiſtories informs us, and
\is very evident from our Author. But he ſeems co
have given him more than ever was beſtow'd, when
he telis us that King Egfrid gave him Jarge Revenues
m York. Fog his Charter (be it tie or counterfeit)
mentions no ſuch thing. Simeon Dunclmerſis indeed
(or rather At bot 7Twger) tells ns that Creac was given
{ a | Lat the great opinion our Anceſtors had
' of the Sanity of St. Cuthbert , was the
BRIGANTES.
—
There are in this County and Northumberland 118. Pariſh Churches, beſides a great many Chapels.
ADDITIONS to the BISHOPRICK
of DUR H A M.
OS o—o— To—OoOOS_OOS2%NRO OS TS SOS —
DEDICATIO BASILICZ#
S PAVLI- VIIL KL. MAIlI.
ANNO XVI ECFRIDI REG.
CEOLFRIDI ABB. EIVSDEMQ.
ECCLES. DEO AVCTORE;
CONDITORIS ANNO 111.
[m"
| Now the greater Churches , when the ſaving», .
light of the Goſpel began to ſhine abroad in the world
| (for 1t is not impertinent to note thus much) were
call'd Bafilice, becauſe the Baſilice of the Gentiles,
namely thole ſtately buildings where the Magiſtrates
held their Courts of Juſtice, were converted ty
Churches by the Chriſtians. Whence Auſonius, Ba.
filica olim negotins plena,nunc wvotis; i.e, The Baſilica fre-
quented for buſineſs heretofore, but now for devoricn.
| Or elfe, becauſe they were built in an oblong form, a;
the Baſilice were.
Here,our Bede, the great glory of England (for his ,,
enunent piety and Jearning firnam'd Venerable) made
ic his buſineſs, as he himſelf ſays, co ſtudy the Scrip-
tures; and in the very worlt times of barbaricy, writ
many learned volumes. Upon his death (as William ot
| Malmesbury ſays) almoſt all knowledge of Hiſtory duwn
| to our times, went to the grave with him. For whil\} one
| ſtxll ſucceeded lazier than another, all ſpirit of ſtudy
| and induſtry was quite extin{t im the Iſland. The Danes
were fo troubleſome to this holy place, that in the be-
| ginning of the Norman times, when ſome had re-
| viv'd the Monaſtick Order in theſe parts , and Wal.
cher the Biſhop had aflign'd them this place ; th:
walls (lays my Author) ſtood without a roof, and with
out any remains of ther ancient ſplendour : bowervy c5-
vering them with rough unhewn wood, they thatcb'd them
| with Hraw, and began to celebrate Divine Service | n.
Ic is not neceſſary, that | here give an account of
Palatines. It may ſuffice to obſerve in ſhort, that from ©
the firſt foundation of this Biſhoprick in the year 995,
to our times, there have preſided thirty hve Biſhops
in this See. The met eminent of them are theſe
four, Hugh de Puteaco or Put who for 1013 /. rea-
dy money, purchas'd gf Richard the firſt the Earl-
dom of Northumberlatff for kig,own lite , and Sath-
bregia, to hold to him and his Succeſſors tor ever; and
founded a very fine Hoſpital, as was obſerv'd before.
Between him and the Archbiſhop, there happen'd a
moſt grievous out-fall, whilſt ( as one words it ) tbe
one would be ſuperiour, the other would not be inferiour; \
and neitber would do any good. Next, Anthony Bec, *
Patriarch of Jeruſalem ; who ſpent vaſt ſums of mo-
ney in extravagant buildings, and glorious furniture.
Thomas Wolſey , Cardinal, who wanted nothing to
compleat his happineſs , but moderation : his ſtory is
well enough known. And Cuthbert Tunſtall, who dy'd
about the beginning of this age, and for his know-
| ledge in the beſt kinds of learning, and a holy lifes,
was (without envy be it ſpoken) * equal to them all, *
' and the great ornament of our Britain”.
% .
Xe 7
C
| him by this King, Ut haberet Eboracum, iens, wi inde
rediens, manſionem ubi requieſcere poſſer. But this only
intimates, that St. Cuthberr might have frequent oc
ſons to travel to York; probably,to attend the Court,
which the Hiſtorian ſuppoſes to have been moſt com-
monly reſident in that City.
"b Nor can we properly fay , that Gurtrun ti
Pane (whom our Hiſtorians call alſo Gurhredus, ©
thredus, Gorme, and Gurmurde) Was Lieutenznt iO the
great King Xlficd in the Kingdcm of Nonhunee .
ang,
all che Biſhops of Durham; who are reckon'd Counts 3* »
Ex!
The BISHOPRICK ff DURHAM.
oy Ins rr
Tenants of them) Parkers, Rangers, Pale-keepers. He was
Lord Admiral of the Seas and Waters within the County
Palatine ; had his Vice- Admirals and Courts of Admiralty,
land, any more than Xlfred was his Deputy in chat
of the Weſt-Saxons. For they two by compact di-
vided the whole Kingdom berwixt them,and joyntly
enacted Laws, which were to be mutually obſerv'd
both by the Engliſh and Danes. And hence ſome Anchorage, &C. be awarded Comm:ſſuns to regulate wa-
Monks have taken occaſion to unite them falſly , in | rers, and paſſage of waters.
ranting Charters to Monaſteries, &c. | There have been ſeveral conteſts betwixt the Archbiſhop
[c] What vaſt Privileges and Immunities this | of York, and the Biſhop of Durbam,about Eccleſiaſtical Fu-
Church had by the Liberality of Princes, we may | 7:/di&:0n ; the one attempting to exerciſe hus Archiepiſcopsl ju-
learn in general from Mr. Camden ; but may have a | riſa:&:on m this Dioceſe the other claimirg a peculiar 1m-
more particular view by the help of ſome obſervati- | munity, Walter Gray Archbiſhop, profferr'd the Arch-
ons upon that Head, extracted tor me by Mr. Rudd |
Schoolmalter of Durbam, out of the poithumous Pa- | he refas'd to accept it, as having it before in bis own or the
pers of Mr. Mickleton, who had made large Collectt- | Biſhop's right. Another Archbiſhop coming to wiſit the
ons in order to the Antiquities of this County. | Priory, when the Biſhop was abſent at Rome , was ford
to take Santtuary m St. Nicholas Church ; as be was af-
terwards, upon another attempt of the ſame nature : and
when be was going t0 excommumcate them im h:s Sermon,
was in danger of being kull'd , if he bad not eſcap'd oat of
the Church : one of his Attendants loſt anear.
It's probable the Biſhops were Counts Palatine before the
Conquett ; it appears at leaſt they were ſo im the Conque-
rour's time. Their power was formerly very great,till part
of ut was taken away by the Statute of Henry 8. It was
z common (aying, that Quicquid Rex habert extra Co-
mitatum Dunelmenſem, Epiſcopus haber intra ; niſi
aliqua fit conceflio, aut praſcriptio in contrarium.
They had power to levy Taxes, and make Truces with the
Scots 3 80 raiſe defenſible perſons within the Biſhoprick, |
trom 16 to 60 years of age. They had power alſo to make |
Barons, who, as well as their waſ/als, were bound to come |
to therr Palace to adviſe them, and to grove them obſerwance |
and obedience in thetr Courts. And altho' the Canons for- |
lid any Clergyman to be preſent when judgment of blood
5 grven, the Biſhops of Durbam did and may fit m Court |
n thetr Purple-robes m grumg judgment of death. Hence |
the ſaymg , Solum Dunelmenſe judicat ſtola & enſe.
lbey bad a Mint, and power to coyn money. The Courts,
which im other places are held m the King's name, were,till
the St-tute of Henry 8.held bere im the Biſhop's; till which |
time he could make Tuſt ices of Afhizes, of Oyer and Ter- |
miner, and of the Peace ; and all Writs went out m his
name. All Recognizances, entred upon his Cloſe-Rolls m
bis Changgry, and made to him, or i his name, were as valid |
within the County, as thoſe made to the King without.
could exempt men fromi appearing at the Aſſizes , and SS |
cM Far ors, 7 He had a Regiſter of Writs of as "much | This diſtin mention of Condati, would temp?
authority, as that in the King 's Conrts. He hath yet bu ' us to believe that this was the aNClENt Condarte which
Court of Chancery, Common- Pleas, and County Court, and Mr. Camden places in Cheſhire. Which opinion
Copyhold or Halmot Court. A great par: of the Land in | 0N& may cloſe with the more freely ; becauſe noting
the Courty w beld of him as Lord Paramount in Capite. | (at leaſt thar he has toid us of ) indicd him to ertle
All the Moors and Waſtes in the County to which no other | it at Congleton, beſide the aſtinity of names.
can make title, belong to bim ; which could not be enclosd | [©] North trom hence is Heighington (in Darling.
without bis grant. Neither could Freehold Lands be alie- ' ton-ward ) where Elizabeth Penſon tounded a School
nated without his leave : they that did ſo, were oblig'd to in the 43d of Queen Elizabeth, to which Edward
ſue to him for bis Patent of Pardon. He pardon'd mtruſs- | Kirkby, late Vicar, ore by Will 50 L :
ons, treſpaſſes, &C. He had willains or bondmen, whom he \ t | Of the Pits call'd Hel- Kertles, take this account,
manumitted when he pleas d. The Lands,Goods,and Chat- | 35 I had it in _ Letter from a very ingenious Gentle-
tels of thoſe that commuted Treaſon are forfeited ro the Bi- man,who view'd them.
ſhop. All forfettures upon Outlawries or Felonies belong to |
bim. He could pardon Felonies, Rapes, Treſpaſſes,and other
M:ſpriſions. He had the fruits of Tenures by Wardſhips,
[d] Upon the river Tees lyes Percebridge, where
was dug up an Altar with this Inſcription :
#97
*
E NENXCC)MP
SOD
I
LR ALA BORG
FRI
%
k
%
Y %
/
\ // | F.90
Y/, X Ve
. V1
$
SIR,
Ccording to the promiſe which I made you, I went to
Marriages, Liveries, Primier-ſeizins, Outer le mains,
&c. He gave licence to build Chapels, found Chantries
nd Hoſpitals, made Burroughs and Incorporations, Mar-
kets, Fairs, &c. He created ſeveral Officers by Patent, ei-
'ber quamdiu fe bene geſlerine , quamdiu Epiſcopo
placuerit ; or for life, or lives ; viz. his Temporal Chan-
eilor, Conſtable of the Caſtle of Durbam ; Great Cham-
eriain, Under-Chamberlain ; Secretary , Steward, Trea-
wer,and Comptroller of bis Houſhold ; Steward and Under-
*eward of the Manours or Halmot Ceurts, Sheriff, Proto-
"otary, Clerk of rhe Chancery, Crown,and Peace ; (cueral
Keepers of the Rolls, belonging to their refpefFive Offices ; '
Kepiſters and Exammers in Chancery ; Clerk of the County
ſound rhe depth of Hell-Kettles near Darlington.
The name of bottomleſs pits made me provide my {elf with
line above rwo hundred fathoms long , and a lead weight
proportionable, of fue or ſix pound weight ; but much mat.
ler preparations would have ſerv'd : for the deepeſt of them
took but fifteen fathoms, or thirty yards of our Ime. 1 can-
not imag ine what theſe Kettles hawe been, nor upon what
grouxds the people of the Country have ſuppos'd them to be
bottomleſs. They look like ſome of our old wrought Coal-
pits that are drown'd: but I cannot learn that any Coal, or
other Mineral has ever been found thereabouts. They
are full of water (cold, not bot, as Mr. Camden bas been
miſinform'd )to the wery brim,and almoſt the ſame level with
' the Tees which runs near them , [o that they may have
; [ome ſubterraneal communication with t hat rivir. But the
| water in the Kettles (as I was inform'd) is of a different
kind from the river-water : for it curdles milk, and will
Court 3 Stewards of Burrough-Courts ; Eſcheators, Feod3-
Y'&, Auditors and Under- Auditors ; Clerks of the Receipt
of the Exchequer ; Superviſors of Loydjhips, Caſtles, Mines
7 Coal, Lead, and Iron ; Ceoroners ; Con{ervators of Rivers
and Waters ; Officers of the Marſhalſea , or Clerks of the
Market of Cities, Burroughs, and Towns ; Keepers of his
Seal of Ulnage, and of his Wardrobe and Harneſi, But
none of his Patents are valid any longer than the Biſhop's
e that gives them, unleſs they be confirm'd by the Dean
Md Chapter. He had ſeveral Foreſts,Chaces, Parks, Woods,
here be bad his Forefters (wbo kept Courts in bis name,
a vetermen d matters relating to the Foreſts,&C, or the
not bear ſoap. But this I did net try.
Below Darlington ſtands Yarum (bigger and better
buile than Darlingeon) a conſiderable Market : and
about chree miles below Yarum by Land ( bur eight
or ten by water) ſtands Stockton, a conſiderable rown
well-builr, and a Corporation , having a great trade
in Lead and Butter; tho* about thirty years ſince ic
had
782
Fudges, Regiſters, Examiners, ©. Officers of Beaconage, .
deaconof Durbam the guariandſhip of ttanhop-Church,but *
Perceoridge 4”
Heighing-
ton.
Hel!-
K trics.
A—— GG QO———— ec —
ECRATIBET ARCS 2 0907; Ch 2
Co ARLARIESEY *
Tear ar
of 19% 4% ets. 4
TE IO
" - apinen <7 a, 4.4
- > > ed ck
hadneither trade, nor houſes but of clay,and tl atch'd | reſt of our Hiſtorians, and alfo f om the Inſcription
Hukland , from the Biſhop's houſe there ; which
was ruind by Sir Arthar+ Haſlerig , but magnih-
cently repair'd by Biſhop Coins. The flame learned
and pious Prelate buile likewiſe a ſtately Chapel, A.
1565. in which he was bury'd; founded alſo and en-
\dow'd he;e an tlofpirtal for ewo Men and ewo Wo-
IREN.
MJ] In the Pariſh of Branſpeth Iyes Haircholme,
commonly Hairum ; whither *t15 reported fome of
zrers Of Thomaw Recket fled after the tact,
and built'y Chapel there to his memory.
(1] At rham, the late Biſhop Dr. To. Coſms EX-
p2nded vaſt fumms of money. in beautifying his Pa-
lJacz, and ereting a Library,well furniſhe wich Books.
The ſtory of Aldwin's ſertiement here ( as our Au-
thor has given it) is far from being fo full as the Hi-
ſtorian Twgor (whom he quotes) has deliver'd it.
omic the many pretended Mirac'es, and other palla-
ges of leſs moment, he ſays that the firſt Church erect-
ed at Dunholm by Biſhop Aldwin was fatta citilſime de
wirgts Feeleſivla ; jult ſuch another ſtructure as ct ar
which is fiid to have been fhirit built at Gla//enbury #
whereof Sir Henry Spelman (Concil. T. 1. p. 11.) his
piven us a draught at large.
(k] At Finchale ( calld in Saxon Pincanheal , by
Henry Huntingdon IWincanhale , by Hovden Phincan:
hal, and by others Finchale ; which difference has riſen
from the likeneſs of the Saxon p, p, and f) there was
a Synod held in the year 788.
[1 ; When Malmesbury tells us that the two Churches
were upon the banks of the river, it is a manifelt mi-
ſtake. For St. Paul's was at Girwy or Farrow, ſome
miles diſtance from IWeremuth ; as appears irom all the
To!
ciety by the ingenious and learned Dr. Lifter.
—o— — ——_—
a
che Southern bank of the Were ſtand; «.:.
Smnderland, a handſom populous town, buile ſince our =
Author's time, and very much enrichd by the Coal.
trade. Were the Harbour ſo deep as to entertain
Ships of the ſame burthen as the river 7 me does
would be no {mall loſs to Newcef le.
Ic gave the ticle of Earl to Emanuel Lord Scrope of
Bolton, created Jun. 19. 3 Car. 1. who dying without
lawful ue, Henry Lord Spencer of Wormleighton Was
honour'd with e1is title by King Charles 1. and beins
ſlain the ſame year atthe firſt battel at Newbury, Was
lucceeded by Robert his ſon and heir.
Near Wh:irburn, not far from this place, were ſome
Copper Coyns taken up within theſe few years, mo{t
whereot were Conſt antine's, with the Sun on the Re.
verſe, and theſe words Sol: rmwitlo Comui. One of
them was of Maxentius, with fommething like a Titi.
umpha! Arch on the reverſe, and theſe words, Con/er.
wvatort Urbis, "There were likewiſe one or two of [;.
cinics, and one or two of Maximianns.
[m | In the Inſcription, the XVI. ſheuld be XY.
For King Egirid reigned no more than 15 years. And
lo (indeed) vir Fames Ware has given it in his Notes
upon Bede's Hiſtory of the Abbots of Wiremuth. But it
ought not from this Inſcription to be inferrd, that
Ceolfszd was the Founder of this Monaſtery : ſince
ic appears from Bede's account, that he was only con-
[ticured firſt Abbot of the place by Benedittus Bi/copius,
who ſent him hicher (with a Colony of about ſeven-
ceen Monks) trom Weremuth.
[n | Some years ago, upon the bank of Tine, was
dilcover'd a Roman Altar ; the tigure and deſcription
whereof take hereas it was deliver'd to the Royal $0-
» ht
=
=> ww wy + Sy e—_
TT
—
— a — __—__— _ oo am
—
I ©, p——=— ws
m——_—
> a
F
— _____ _ -
The BISHOPRICK ff DURHAM
——— —W—— — ——
-
:, ala, ſay the Hiſtorians *, after his father's death art |
r's I hare with much trouble got into my hands a
piece of Roman Antiquity, which was but a very
tew years ago diſcover'd upon the fouth bank of the
river Tine, near the Sheilds in Biſhoprick. Ir is a ve-
ry large and fair Roman Altar, of one entire ſtone.
But afrer all my coſt and pains, I am very ſorry
to find the Inſcription very il! detaced, that much of
it is not legible. And I believe ic hath been alſo mil-
handled by thoſe who have endeavoured to read it;
York, took upon him the command of the army
alone, and the whole Empire ; he went alone again{t
the enemy, who were the Caledon inhabitiag be.
yond the wall which his father had builre, he made
peace with them, received their hoſtages, lighted
their fortitied places, and returned. And this feems
to be confirmed by the Inſcription ; for undoubr-
edly upon this his laſt expedition alone, wichout
his brother Gera and mother, was this Altar ere&-
whereas if the remainder of the Letters had been ex- | ed to bim alone, at a place about wo Stations on
actly meaſured, and the face black'd and lightly
waſl'd off again, as in prints, fome things more
might have been fpelled.
As to the nature of the ſtone it ſelf, it is of a coarſe.
Rag, the ſame with chat of the Pyramids at Burrow-
Briggs. It is four foot high, and was afcended to by
ſteps; which appeareth, in that all the ſides, bur the
front, have two ſquare holes near the bottom, which !
erin the irons that joyn'd it to the ſteps.
I have carefully deſigned it in all it's ſides, and.
have given the plane of the top alſo ; which, it you
pleaſe, we will ſurvey in order.
1. The back-ſide, oppoſite to the Inſcription ; on
which is engraven, in baſs-reliet, a Flower-pot fur- |
niſhed, I ſuppoſe with what pleaſed the Stone-cutter,
for theſe men needed not to be more curious than |
the Prieſts themſelves, who were wont to make ule;
of herbs next hand to adorn the Altars, and therefore
Verbene is put for any kind of herb: yer if we will
have it reſemble any thing with us, 1 think it mot
like, if not truly Nymphea, a known and common
river-Plant.
2. One of the ſides, which is ſomewhat narrower
than the front or back : on this are engraved in Baſls-
relieve, the Cutting: knife ( ce/eſpita ) and the Axe
(ſecurs). The Knife is exactly the ſame with that
on the ocher Altar formerly by me mention'd in the
Philofophical Colle&ions of Mr. Hooke: but the
Axe is different ; for here it is headed with a long
ind crooked point, and there the head of the Axe
is divided into three points.
3. The other ſide ; on which are engraved, after
the ſame manner, an Eure (Urceolus) and a Ladle,
which ſerve for a Sympulum. This I call rather a
Ladle than a Mallet, ic being pertetly Diſh-wiſe and
hollow in the middle, although Camden is of an-
other opinion in that elegant Sculpt of the Cumber-
land Altar. And the very fame Utenſil I have ſeen
and noted on the 1ckley Altar, which is yet extant
at Middleton Grange near that town ; bur the ſtone
which Camden fays ſupports a pair of ſtairs there ( as
at this day it does in the very road ) is but an ill co-
py of it, and not the original. "Dis :
4. The plane of the top; which is cut in the;
hgure of a Baſon (diſcus or lanx) with Anſz on cach
fide, conſiſting of a pair of links of a chain, which |
reſt upon, and fall over two rowles : and this was |
the Harth. |
this fide the wall. So that the vow might be as
well underſtood of his return from this expedition,
as for his ſafety and return to Rome; which me-
thinks ſhould be true, or his mother and brother
Geta would ſcarce have been left ont, at leaſt fo ecar-
ly. For yet the Army declared for them both, ac-
cording to their father's will.
Further, ie ſeems alſo to have been erected by
thoſe who flatter'd him, and who were afterwards
killed by him ; and for this reaſon the perſons names
who dedicated it, ſeem to ms to be purpoſely defa-
ced, the ſixth and ſeventh lines of the Inſcription
being deſignedly cut away by the hollowneſs of them,
and there not being the leaſt ſign of any letter re-
maining. And this, I ſuppoſe, might be part of their
difgrace, as it was uſual to deface and break the $t:-
tues and Monuments of perſons executed, of which
this monſter made ſtrange havock.
But fince worn Inſcriptions admit of various read.
ings, becauſe ſome letters are worn out, and ſome
more legible; whereby unprejudiced people may
| conceive chem diverſly, I will therefore tell you an-
other reading of part of the ewo firſt lines, which 1
do not dilallow, but that it will agree well enough
with che hiſtory of Severas, though his Aporbeofis, or
lolemn deification, was not performed till he came
to Rome, in the manner of which Funeral-pomp
Herodian 15 very large: it was of that excellent Anti-
quary Dr. Fohn(on ot Pomjjer.
CONSERVATO
RI. B. PROS, &c.
The reſt as follows in mine.
Which ſhews the height of flattery of thoſe times.
So that they paid their vows to the lately dead father
the Conſervator of Britain, for the ſafety of the fon :
and the ſtory tells us how gladly he would have had
him made a God long before, even with his own
hand.
More rare Plants growing in the Biſhoprick of Durham
Buphthalmum vulgare Ger. Dioſcoridis C. B. Mat-
thiol five vulgare millefolii foliis Park. Chamzme-
lum chryſanthemum quorundam F. B. Common Ox-
eye. I found thu on a bank near the rrver Tees, not far
5. The Front ; which hath an Inſcription of nine | fo” Sogburn in ths Biſhoprick.
lines in Roman letters, each letter a very little more |
Ceralus ſylveſtris ſeptentrionalis, fruftu parvo ſero-
than ewo inches deep of our meaſure ; now remain- | tiNO. The wild northern Cherry-tree, with ſmall late ripe
Ing as in the prefix'd {culprure, Fig. 5. which I would | fruit. On the banks of the river Tees near Bernards-caſtle
read thus : Ds deabuſque Matribus pro Salute M. Aure- |
lu Antonins Auguſti Imperators —— wotum ſobvit lubens
merito ob reditum.
The Dee Matres are well interpreted by Selden. It
is much his Safety and Return both vowed, ſhould
be fo ſeparated in the Inſcription ; but I have not
uruter by me to compare this with the like. Cara-
m the Biſboprick plentifully. | ;
Ribes vulgaris fruftu rubro Ger. vulgaris acidus
ruber F. B. Red Currants. In the woods as well in thus
Biſhoprick of Durbam, as in the northern parts of Yorkſhire,
and in Weſtmorland. ,
Pentaphylloides fruticoſa. Shrub-Cinquefoil. This ts
allo found mm ths County.
LANCASHIRE.
——————
786
-
= wy —_ —— —_— ——
= — —— —
— —
LANCASHIRE.
miles from the Merſey, flouriſhes that ancient Town,
read according to difterent copies, Mancunum ang \':
Manutium, in Antoninus ; which old name it has ©
not quite loſt at this day, being now call'd Manche. !z.
ſter. This ſurpaſſes all the Towns hereabouts in
building, populouſneſs, woollen-manufaQture, mar-
ker-place, Church; and its College, * founded in
the reign of Henry the fifth , by Thomas Lord Li-
Ilare * , who was in Orders , and was the laſt heir.
male of this family. He was deſcended from the
Greleyzs, who were by report the ancient Lords of the
Town *, But in the laſt age it was much more emi-
nent tor the credit cf its Woolen-cloth or Mancheſter. ,, .
Cottons, as they call them ; and allo tor the privilege c --
of a Sanctuary in it, which by Ac of Parliament in
Henry the eighth's time was transterr'dto Chefer a.
In a Park adjoyning tothe County of Deiby.call 4
Alparc, 1 ſaw the marks of an old ſquare Fort, juſt
where the river Medloc joyns the Irwell , which they
call Mancaſtle. 1 will notſay that this was the anci.
ent Mancumum, the compals of it is fo little ; but ra.
ther that it has been ſome Roman ſtation : here 1law
an old ſtone with this Inſcription ;
Muſt ſtrike off now to another Road, and
proceed to thoſe Brigantes who ſettled beyond
the Mountains towards the Weitern Ocean.
And firſt for thoſe of Lancaſhire, whom I ap-
proach with a kind of averſion ; I wilh ir
torebode no ill ſucceſs. I fear I ſhall be fo far
from ſatisfying the Reader, that I ſhall not fatishe my
ſelf. For after I had ſurvey'd the far greater part of
this County, I found but very few things as I had
with'd them ; the ancient names ſeem'd to be every
where ſo much obſcured by Antiquity. However,
not to ſeem wanting to this County , I will run the
hazard of the attempt, hoping that that Divine afh-
itance will not now fail me, which hath hitherto
tavourd me.
Under the Mountains (which, as I have often ob-
ſerv'd, run along through the middle of England,and
as I may ſay, make themſelves Umpires, and detine the
leveral Shires and Countics ) lyes this County of
Lancaſter, on the Welt, in Saxon Loncapcen-rcype,
commonly Lenka-ſhire, Lancaſhire , and the County
Palatine of Lanca//cr, kecaule this County is dignihed
Cunmty Pa- With the title of Palatine. Tt Iyes pent up between
ge ae => © ng ge cs ym tr te pre ne Tg
(orgs = Snape ome nr
Lincaſhiie if we will
Oxcn -
+ Compol
times they yield Trees that have either grown
under ground , or lain long buried there. Beiow ,
in ſome parts, they tind great ſtore of Marle to
manure their grounds ; whereby that foil which was
deem'd unfit for Corn, is ſo kindly improv'd, that
we may reaſonably think Mankind rather to blame
for their idicnefs heretofore , than the Earth tor her
ingratitude. But as for the goodneſs of this County,
we may ſce it in the complexion of the Natives, who
are particularly well favour'd and comeiy ; nay , and
, In the Cattle of ic too. For in the Oxen,
which hav huge horns, and 7 proportionable badies,
150 corpore. Fou ſhall find nothing of that perfection wanting that
Alago the Carthaginian in Columelis requir'd.
On the South part, it is divided trom Cheſhire by
the river Merſey , which 1p:ingech in the middle of
the Mountains, becomes the boundary as ſcon as it has
gone a littie trom the riſe of ir, and runs with a gen-
tle ſtream towards the Welt, inviting as it were other
rivers (to ule the words of the Poet ) into bis azure
lap; and forthwith receives the rwel trom the North,
and with it all the rivers of this Eaſtern pare. The
moſt memorable .of them is the river Koch , upon
arc; Yorkſhire on the Eaſt,and the Irith Sea on the Welt;
nine oo but on the South part cowards Chſhire 'tis broader ; © LANDIDL
Cojbire. and by little and little, as it ſhoots out into the North E043 > ©
l; where it borders upon Weſtmorland , it grows ſtrait LLLY,
4 and narrow. And there by the intruſion ot the Sea
bi it is broke off ; fo chat no ſmall part of it lyes beyond This other was taken for me by the famous Ma-
4 this Bay, and joyns to Cumberland. thematician f.Dee, Warden of Manchester-College,
[ Where this County is plain and level, it yields Bar- | whoview'd ic.
; ley and Wheat pretty well ; in the bottoms of che
hills Oats grow beit. The Soil of it is every where COHO.LFRISIN
tolerable, except in ſome moiſt and unwhollome > MASAVONIS
| Moſlcs, Places, call'd AZofſes, which notwithſtanding make P. XX ILL
# amends for theſe conveniences by many countervail-
i ing benefits. For the ſurface of them being par'd | They may ſcem ereQed to the memory ot tho:
Turfs. oft, makes an excellent fat Zurf for fuel ; and ſome- | Centurions, for their approv'd faith and loyalty toi
lo many years together , b |.
In the year 920. Edward the elder, as Mariants
ſays, ſent an Army of the Mercians into Northum-
berland (for thcn this belong'd to the Kings of Net-
thumberiand) that they ſhould repair the City of Man
cheſter, and jut a Gariſon in it [c]. For it ſeems to
have been deſtroy'd in the Daniſh wars ; and becaule
the Inhabitanis behav'd themſelves bravely againit
them, they w:!] have their Town call'd Mancke/is;
| that is, as they explain it, a city of men: and ol this
| opinion they are ſtrangely fond, as ſeeming to .con-
| tribute much to their glory. Bur thele honeit men
; are not ſenlible that Mancuniz was the name Ol 1c 1n
| the Britiſh times ; ſo that the original of it, as ©
| derived from our Engliſh tongue, will by no me-r
| hold. And therefore I had rather fetch it fiom i
; Britith word 24am , which fgnifies a fone. For it
| ſtands upon a ſony bill; and beneath the Town 4
; Colzhur/t, there are noble and very famous quarries. ©
But co return.
by the river Irwell, runs towards the Ocean by 7r-':
ford, which gives both name and habitation to t:--
famous tamily of the Traffords : and by Chatmeſi, 2 %**
Rochdale. which in the valley ſtands Rochdale, a marker-town of | marſhy ground of great cxtent , a conliderab!e Þ-'*
no {mall reſort ; as alſo Bury upon the well it ſelf, a
market-town no way inferiour to the other. And near
this, whilſt I crrefully fought up and down for Coc-
| whereof, in the memory of our fathers, was wait ©
| away by a river-flood, not without great dange!;
| Cauſing alſo a corruption of the waters, which £&
The Merſey being now eng _
Cockley. cium,mention'd by Antoninus,l fzw Ceckley a wooden | ſtroy'd a great part of the fiſh in thoſe rivers. Int
Turton.
Chapel beſer round with Trees ; Turton-Chapel, ſitua-
ted in a dirty ſteep place : Turton-rower, and Ent-
weiſſel, a fair boil: houſe. The latter of which former-
| place there lyes a valley watered by a ſmall river 33"
| here Trees have been diſcover'd lying flat in ©
i &
| ground.So that one would think, that when the cif!
. . . , * a ohpt
ly belong'd to certain noble perſons of that name; the | lay unhusbanded, the ditches alſo unſcour'd :n tr
former 3s the fear of that famous family the Orel/;, at
this day. Where the Irk runs into the Irwell, on the
lefrbank(riſing in a kind of reddith {tone )ſcarce three [lower than the reſt, were converted into fuch L0;
| . . . WP La
| low plains, and either by negle& or depoputationt'-
| water-paſſages were ſtopt up ; thoſe grourc that 1a
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1 \ THIS?)
: fz.t and name to the famous family of the Holcrofts,
{ and che fourth de Ryfe/:
* Readzr may ſee that our Anceltors,as they were grave |
| ſhould not travel the Land, if we traverſe the Sea [ 8 |.
:
T”
S IH IR,
L ANCA
—————— —
I —— _—
Mo//-s (as we call them) orelfz into ſtanding Pools.
It this be crue, there is no realon to admire, that fo
many Trees in places of chis nature throughout Eng.
land, but particularly in this County , ſhould lye o- |
verwhelmd, and as it were buried in the ground. For |
when the roo!'s of them were looſen'd by reaſon of
he too great moiſture of the earth, 'twas impothible |
but they ſhould fall , and fo ſink and be drown'd in
{:ch a ſoil. The people hereabouts uſe poles and ſpits
to dilcover where they lye ; and having obferv'd che
pla-e, they dig them, and uſe them tor tiring. For
they burn clear, and give a light as good as Torches ;
wich perhaps is cauſed by the bicuminous earth they
have lain in. And tor this realon, he vulgar think
have been Firr-trees 5 whicn Crafar denys
to hive grown in Eriain{ d ). I know the opi-
nivna generally receivd is , that theſe have remain'd
here ever ſince the Deluge, being then beat down by
the violence of the waters : and the rather becauſe
they are fometimys dug up in the higher grounds,
———
However, tlizy do not deny but that cheſs higher
; they {p2ak of, are wet and quaggy. Thoſe |
kind 0; h:g2 Trees are likewiſe often found in Hol.
Jand in Germany ; which the learned there do fup-
pol were either undermin'd by the Waves on the |
Sea-ſhore, or blown down by the wind, and fo car.
ried into theſe law walhy places, and there funk into
the ground, Put as for theie points , we may expect ;
moie light into them from the curious Philoſophers |
ot this ape *. |
After Chatmoſs we fee Holcreft , whic
l
OUNCE:
h gave both |
formerly enrich'd by marriage with the Coheir of
Cu/chir, For that plzce ſtands hard by;which Gilberr
d: Culchic held i fee of Almarick Butler , as Alma-
rick did of the Earl de Ferraris in Henry the third's
tine. Wholeelde(t daugher and heir being married
t Richard the fon of Hugh de Hmley , he took the
name of Crlchirh ; as Thomas his brother, who marri-
ed the lzcond daughrer, was call'd trom the eltate
H-crsft ; the other for the ſame realon, Peasfalong ;
Now | nate his, that the
and f:ttPd in other things. fo in rej2ting old and ta-
king new names from their poile/tons, were light and |
changeable. And this was a thing commonly pra-
ais'd heretofore , in other parts of England. Here
ve lictle "Towns quite round (as alſo throughout this
whole County, Cheſhire, and otlier Northern parts)
which have given names to famous families, and con-
tinue in the hands of thoſe of the ſame name to this
very day. As A4/on of Aſton, Atherton of Atherton,
Tilley of Tilleſley, Standiſh of Standiſh, Bold of Bold,
H-þet of Hesher, Worthimgton ot Worthington , Torbeck
of T:rbeck, &c. It would be endleſs to reckon up all;
neither is it my delign to give an account of eminent
families, but to ſurvey ſuch places as are of Antiqui-
ty. Yet th:ſe and ſuch like families in the Northern
Counties (that I may once for all obſerve it) as they
role by their bravery, and grew up more and more
by their frugality, and the ancient ſelt-contented fim-
plicity; ſo in the South parts of England, Luxury,
Uſury , Debaucheries , and Cheating have undone | |
father, leaving a ſon, Thomas , the ſecond Earl of
the molt flouriſhing families 1n a ſhort time : infomuch
that many complain, how the old race of our Nobi- |
| Lord Haſtings, had a fon Edward the third Earl of
| Derby ;
lity fades and decays.
Let us however go on with the Merſey which runs
by 1arrington, remarkable tor its Lords the Burlers,
who obtain'd for it the privitege of a Market from
Edward the firlt. Hence northward, at no great di-
|
'
j
|
|
This happy place did holy Ofwald love,
Who once Northumbria rul'd, now reigns above.
And from Marcelde did to Heaven remove.
From Warrington the Merſzy grows broader, and
ſoon after contradts it ſelf again ; but at laſt opens in-
to a wide mouth very commodious for trade, and
then runs into the Sea, near Litherpoole, in Saxon Lt-
reppole, commonly Lirpoole, call'd fo(as*tis thought)
from the water ſpread like a fenn there. Ir is the
moſt convenient and frequented place for ſetting fail
into Ireland; but not fo eminent tor its being ancient,
Li:hcrpoo!,
as for being near and populousſe]. For the name of
It 15 not to be met with in old Writers ; but only tha:
Roger of Poitiers, who was Lord of the Honour of
Lancaſter (as they expiefsd it in thoſe times ) built a
Caſtle here; the government whereof was enjoy'd
tor a long time by the-noble family of the Melineaux,
Knights, whoſe chick Seat lyes hard by at Sefron,
which che ſame Roger de Po:ttiers beſtow'd upon Vi-
vian de Molineaux about the beginning of the Nor.
mans. For all the Land between the Rib: and the
' Merſey, belong'd to the faid Roger, as appears by
Domeſday | f ].
Near Sefton, Alt, a little river runs into the
| d2a, leaving its name to Altmouth a ſmall village,
which it patſes by , and runs at a little diſtance from
Ferneby, where in the moſſy grounds belonging to ic,
they caſt up Turves, which ſerve the Inhabitants both
or fire and candle. Under the Turf there Iyes a
blackiſh dead water, which has a kindof I know nor
what oily fat ſubſtance floating upon it, and little
hines ſwimming in it, which are took by thoſe that
| dig the Tutves here ; ſo that we may ſay, we have
th dug our of the ground here, as well as they
nave about Heraclea and 7ius in Pontus. Nor is this
{trange, when in watry places of this nature, the fiſh
by futlowing the water often ſwim under-ground,
and men there tiih for them with ſpades. But that
in Paphlagonia many fiſh are dug up, and thoſe good
ones roo, in places not at all watery,has ſomewhat of a
peculiar and more hidden cauſe in it. That of Se-
neca was pleaſantly faid , What reaſon xs there why fiſh
From hence the ſhore is bare and open, and goes
on with a great winding. More into the Country
ing the burial-place of the Stanleys, Earls of Derby ;
whole chief Seat is Latham hard by, a houſe large and
ſtately, which from Heary the fourth's time has been
continually enlarg'd by them [h]. Ar that time Joby
Stanley Knight, (father of Fobn Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland, detcended trom the fame ſtock with the Ba-
rons of Audley ) married the davghter and heir of
Thomas Latham an eminent Knight, to whom this
great eſtate, with many other potleflions, came as his
wife's portion. From that time the Staricys have
liv'd here , of whom Thomas (fon of Thomas Lord
; Stanley) made Earl of Derby by King Henry the ſe-
Molineux.
Setron.
F.ſhes dug
up.
| ſtands Ormeskirke, a market-town, remarkable for be- 0:meik,
S-anleys,
Earls of
Devby.
venth, had by Eleanor Newill,daughter to the Earl of
Salishury, George Lord Le Strange. For he married
Foan, the only daughter and heir of John Baron
Le Strange of Knockin,who dy'd during the life of his
Derby. He by his wife Am, daughter of Edward
who by Derorthy, the daughter of. Thomas
Howard Duke of Nortolk, had Henry the fourth
Earl, whoſe wiſe was Margaret, daughter of Henry
Clifford Earl of Cumberland, and mother of F:rd:.
ſtance, ſtands 1/7wick, very famous for being one of | nand the fifth Earl, who dy'd lately , and of 7#/-
the beit + Beneiices in Engiand. Here, in the upper-
molt part of the Church, are read theie verſes, in an
old barbarous character, concerning King Ol- |
wald. |
Hic locus, Oſwalde, quondcm placuit thi walde
Northanhumbrorum fucras Rex, nuncque Polorum
Regna tenes, loco paſſus Maicelde wocato.
— — — —— — —
3 To winnnn I recon ig nent
ang 25hcr £0350 4
them, aid to their farther diſquiſition, whether !
But I forget my {*lf now, when as I have forts:
' liam now the ſixth Earl, who ſucceeded his bro-
ther + [i].
Here Duglef, a {mall brook, runs with an eaſie ſtill
ſtream ; near which cur Archur (as Ninnivs fays )
| defeated the Saxons in a very memorable batte!. Near
the riſe of it ſtands //:2gim, a town formerly call'd
Wibzzmn, as they affirm : I have nothing to fay of
chis name, but that the Lancaſhire-men call build-
be — - ——— > —— — — — —_ - ————— __—_— — ——— — ——
On—_ —_ -——— -— —— —— — —— — -
hore are not (ubterranean trees, growing undcr the earth, as wel as Plant. ,
p 3 roms rea 75 us
h,
plentiful,
Dugſcls
TIVEr.
Wigeg'n,
| ings Biggin; nor of the town, but that *tis neat and 3-42'n,
my what.
- - OX 4
= mMm1i\h nt
; .
Myllands.
A:nms of
the Ho;-
321 3.
', With
ot IVCTIS de
Ks
Bellifama. _
Penigent.
Pendlc-hill.
Cloadcs-
bery.
Pez, what
11 AR; iciflh,
Clithcro.
Whaley.
Rib!o-
CliCitcr,
BRIGA
plentiful, and a Corporation conſiſting of a Mayor |
and Burgeſſes : alſo, that the Retor of the Church |
is (as I have been told) Lord of the town. Hard
by ſtands Holland, from which the Hollands, a moſt '
famous family ( who were Earls of Kent and Surrey,
and Dukes of Exeter ) tock their name and original.
The daughter and heir of the eldeſt brother, who
fiouriſh'd here under the degree and title of Knight,
being at laſt marry'd to the Lowvels, brought them
both the eſtate and Arms of this family, namely, Þ
a field Azure || florete Argent a Lim rampant garaant
Arg.
i the mouth of the Dugleſs lies Merton, a large |
broad lake, which empries it felf into this river ; |
where, in the out-let of it, it is-preſently joyn'd by |
the river Ribel. Next to the Merſey, this is the firlt |
river here that falls into the Ocean ; the old name
whereof is not quite loſt at this day : for Ptolemy |
calls the Xſtuary here Beliſama, and we Ribell, by |
adding perhaps the Saxon word Rhe, which ſignifies |
a river. This river running in a {wife ſtream from
Yorkſhire-hills, is firſt carry'd to the ſouthward by
three high mountains : Þgleborrow-hill near the ſpring
of ic, which made me very much wonder ; for it
ſhoots out in a vaſt ridge, riſing ( as it were) gra- |
dually to the weſtward, and mounts up towards the |
end, as if another hill were raisd upon the back ot it. |
Pempgent, fo call'd perhaps from it's white and ſnowy |
head ; for ſo Perygwin ſignifies in Britiſh: it is of a
great bulk, but not ſo high as the other. Where the |
Rhibell enters Lancaſhire ( for theſe 1 have mention'd ,
are in Yorkſhire ) ſtands Pendle-bill, of great height ; |
and which on the very top produces a peculiar plant,
call'd Clwdcsbery, as if it were the oft-ipring of the |
Clouds [k |. But this hill is chiefly famous for the |
great damage done to the lower grounds about it |
heretofore, by a fall of water that iſſued from it;
and for being an infallible prognoſtick of rain, when
the top of it is black and cloudy. I the rather make
mention of them, both becauſe they are the moſt
eminent hills in our Appennine ; and therefore 'tis |
commonly ſaid, |
Ing Pborrow, Pendle, and Penigent,
Are the higheit hills between Scotland and Trent :
and alſo, that what I have already ſaid may be the
better underſtood, Why the higheſt Alps ſhould be
calld Pemin# ; the very top of a hill, Pennum ; and why
the Appennimes were 1o term'd by the old Gauls. For
Pen in Britiſh tignihes the tops of mountains. Ar the
bottom of Perdle-hill ſtands Clithero caſtle, built by
the Laceys at a (mall diſtance from the Rhibell. Near
this, Whalcy, in Saxon Walaleg, remarkable for a |
Monattery built by the Laceys there, which was |
tranflated trom Sranlaw in the County of Cheſter, |
in the year 1296. Here in the year 798. Duke Wada |
unfortunately engag'd Ardulph King of the Northun: |
brians at Bulangho, now by contraction Langho. ;
The Rhibell curning ſhort about to the weſtward, |
gives it's name to a Village call'd at this day Rible- |
cheſter, where ſo many ſigns of Roman antiquity,
Seatues, Cuins, Pillars, Pedeſtals of Pillars, Chapiters,
Altais, Marbles, and Inicriprions, are commonly
dug up, that this hobling rhyme of the inhabitants
does not ſcem to be altogether groundlefs :
Ir s written upon @ wail in Rome,
, FF YJ, * |
Ribcheſter was as rich as any town in Chriſiend,me. |
"Moreover, the military-ways Icd hither: the one,
plain by it's high cauſey, from York; the other
NTES.
OA SO EI at OO Or OE er
— — — —————
— —— —
DEO
MARTI, ET
VICTORIA
DD. AVGG.
ET CC---NN
In tlie wall adjoyning to it, there is another ſtong
with the portraiture of Cxp:d and another little
image ; and in the back-ſide of it this Inſcription wiz
drawn out for me. After a great deal of ſtudy, beins
"2 . a Wo” 6. 2
able ro make no ſenſe of it, I have here ſubſcribd ir,
to tempt others to give their opinions
mxXMLO
wm=n<<>TtT=t>
Dy
=
71
G)
For my part, I cannot ſo much as fancy any thing
about it, but that many of the words are Britiſh names
of places hereabouts. In the year 1603. when I c...
a ſecond time to ſee this place, I met with an \!rar,
the greateſt and the faireſt that ever I ſaw, with this
Inſcription.
DEIS MATRIBVS ::
M. INGENYVI-
Vos ASIATICVS
DEC AL AST. 7
So. LL. M.
Upon enquiry after theſe Dee Matres, T am able...
to diſcover nothing, (for among the Inſcriptions
gather'd up and down in the world, except in ano-
ther found here in Britain, there is no mention of
them ; ) but only that Emgumum, a little crown in Si-
cily, was famous for the preſence of the Mother God- nw
dejjes, and that fome ſpears and brafs helmcts were {*,
ſhewn there, conſecrated to thoſe Goddeſſes by Merv »..;
and Ulyſſes.
I ſaw there alſo another little Altar caſt out among
the rubbiſh, with this Inſcription.
PACITE
RO MARTI
ELEGAYVR
I W 6. * S*
TS KAY Oo
p ey #5
This is fo ſmall, that one would take ic to have
been ſome poor man's litcle Altar to carry about with
him ; and to have been for offering incenſe, or lalc
flour ; whereas that other of a much greater ſiz2, wzs
us'd in the ſacrifices of larger beaſts. Theſe thinss
were certainly done in imitation of Noah by atier- --
ages, even when they had revolted from the ©?
worſhip of God. Nor was it to the Gods on'y
that they rais'd theſe Altars, but out of a ſervile fla:-
tery to their Emperours likewiſe, under the imp1ou
from the north through Bowland, a large toie{t, | title of NUMINI MAJESTATIQUE EORUM.
and tor ſeveral miles togerher is plainly vitible. But | To theſe they fell upon their knees , and worſhip'd
the Inſcriptions are fo defac'd by the country-people, |
that chough I mer wich many, I could hardly read |
above Ganz or two. At Salasbury-Hal!, juſt by, the |
{cac oi the noble and ancient tamily of che Talbors, in |
the pedelial oi a pillar I flaw this Inſcription. |
them ; theſe they embrac'd and pray'd to; b:fore the'e
they took their Oaths ; and to be ſhort, in theſe and
their Sacrifices the miin ſubſtance of their Religion
conſiſted. So that they among them who had no Al-
tar, were ſuppos'd to have no Religion, and to ac:
knowledge no Deity.
* Ana ataicated ta the Mithir Godarſſes by a Cap air, of ihe Aftura 5,
47
5-4
-
+4 — — __ —ouc— Es
TT HNCE
SHIK E.
{dd!le or bridle, brandiſhing his ſpear with boch
hands, and infulring over a naked man proſtrate,
who held out before him a kind of ſquare piece.
Beeween the horſe and the perſon proſtrate ſtand the
\ lexters D. M. Under the proſtrate man are * GAL.
"SARMATA. The other letters (for there were
4+gmany here) are fo defac'd, that they cannot be read,
and I date nor venture to gueſs at them. One would
imagine both from the former inſcription, and this
which was found hard by many years apo, that a
wing of the Sarmate had their ſtation here :
H TERRIS. TEGITVR
A MATRONA QV------
\ AN. XXVIIL M. IL D. VIII.
ET M.IVLIVS MAXIMVS. FIL.
VIX AN. VI M. UL D. XX. ET CAM
PANIA. b
UEXEA
gh ALAE
ONIVGI.
'T. FILIO.PATR
SIMO. ET SOCERAE. T
MEMORIAE.
4
— -
However, theſe give us no light whereby to diſco-
ver the ancient name of the place, for which we are
at a loſs; except it has often chang'd the name, a
thing not at all unuſual : tor Prolemy makes Rigodu-
rwn to be in this place, and it that be corrupted trom
Ribodunum, it is not altogether unlike * Riblecheſter,
And at the fame diltance from Mancunium or Man-
cheſter, viz. 18 miles, Antoninus places Coccuum,which
is alſo read Goccwm in ſome copies.
But when the grandeur of this city, having come
to its full period, was at laſt deltroy'd by either wats,
or earthquake ( for ſo 'tis commonly fuppos'd ; ) fome-
what lower, where the tide flows up the Rbell, and is
call'd by the Gz2ogravher Bel:ſama «ſt uarium, near
\ Penworth (where ſtood a caſtle in the Conqueror's
* time, asappears by the records of the ſaid King;) from
the ruins of Riblecheſter ſprang Preſton, a large town,
hand{om tor theſe parts, and populous ; ſo call'd from
the Religiows, for the name in our language ſignities
Prie2's tuwn. Below it the Rubell is joyn'd by the
Derwen, a little river, which tirſt waſhes Black-burne,
L a market town, fo call'd from the blackneſs of the
warer. Ie belong'd formerly to the Lacies, and has
ziven the name of Blackburneſh;re to a Imall neigh-
bouring part of the Country.
From hence it runs by Haughton-Tower, which has
given name to an eminent family that has long dwelr
there ; and by I aicton, which William Lord of Lan-
cilter, King Stephen's fon, gave to Walter de Wale-
ton : afterwards it belong 'd to the famous family of
the Lungtons, Who are delcended from the Waltons.
But now to return.
The Pre/on, but now me?nrion'd, is commonly
. call'd Prefou m Andernelſe, initead of Acmundeſneſ/e ; tor
{5 the Saxons nam d chis part of the country, becauſe
berween the rivers R:be4 and Cocar it hangs out to
al ng way uno the Seca, like a Noſz : it was aifo af-
terwards cal!'d Agmonder nes. In William the Con
04210:'s time there were only 16 villages in ut inbabied,
the re/Þ lay waſe, as we hind in Doinel-day ; and ic was
potlef&d by Roger of Porctzers. Atrerwards it belong d
t Theobald Waiter, from whom the Butlers of Ircland
ars deſcended ; for fo we read in a charter of
Richard the firſt : Know ye, that we have gruen, and
by this preſent charter confirm'd ro Theobald Walter for
bis bamage and ſervice, all Agmondernes, with all 0: ber
6Purtenances thereunto, &c. This foil bears oats pret-
ty well, bur is not fo good tor barley ; it makes ex-
ceilent paſture, eſpecially rowards the Sea, where ic
is partly champain 3 whence a great part of it is
calid the File, as one would gueſs, for the Feld.
Yet in the records of the tower it is exprelsd by the
| Here was alſo a ſtone lately dug up with the
portraiture of a naked man on horſeback, without
[trument, wherewith iron or other things are poliſhd.
In other places it is fenny, and therefore counted lets
wholſom. The Myr, a little rivec which comes from
IVierdale, a lolitary and dilmal place, touches hete as
it runs along in a ſwift ſtream, and paſſes by Gren- Grenhaugh
baug h caltle, built by Thomas Stanley, the tir{t Earl of cattle.
Derby of that family, while he was under apprehen-
tion of danger trom certain of the nobility outlaw'd
in this County, wholz eſtates had been given him by
Hehiy che 7th ; for tizy made ſeverai atrempts upon
him, frequently making inroads into his grounds, till
at laſt theſe feuds were wiſely quictcd by the modera-
tion of this exc-llent perſon.
- — _
ſand *, upon which they now and then pour water, &;
till they grow faltiſh, and then with a hot turf-tire
| they boil it into a white ſalt. Here are alſo ſome
| deceitful and voracious ſands (they call them quick-
ſands) lo dangerous to travellers who when the tide
1s out take the ſhorteſt cur, that they ought to uſe Qiickfaus
great Care, leit (as S:Jonizs exprelles it) they ink and
are ſhipwrack d in their travels by land ; elpecially, near
the mouth of the Ceckar, where in a field of quickſands
( if I may fo lay) ſtands Cockarſand Abbey, formerly a Syrricus
{mall Monaſtery of the Cluniacks, founded by Ra- _
nulph de Me{chines. It lies expos'd tothe winds, fitua-
ted berween the mouth of th: Ceckar and the Lune,
commonly cali d the Lene, with a large piolpet into
the lcith fea.
The Lone, commonly Lune, which has its rif: 1, cy.
' among the mountains of Weſtmorel:nd, runs fouth-
' ward in a crooked chanel, bank'd fo as that the cur-
' rent of the water is much hinder'd. To the grear
' gain of thoſe that live thereabourts, it affo:ds ſtore of
Salmon in the ſummer time ; for this fore of Fiſh ta- $14,
king great delight in clear water, and particularly in
ſandy fords, comes up in great ſhoals into this and che
other rivers on this coaſt. As foon as it enters Lan-
ca'hire, the Lac, alittle river, joyns it from the eaſt.
Here, at prelent, ſtands Over-burrow, a ſmall country over bur-
| village ; but that ir was formerly a great City, taking '%-
| UP a large plot of ground between the Lac and the
; Lone, and was forc'd to ſurrender by the utmoſt mile-
| Ty of a ſiege and famine ; I learnt from the inhabi-
' rants, who have ic by a tradition handed down from
| their Ance{tors. The place it {z!f ſhews its own an-
tiguity by many old monuments, inſcriptions vpon
' ſtones, chequer'd pavements, and Roman coins, as
alſo by this its modern name, which fignifies a Bur-
row. It itever recover its ancient name, it muſt owe
it to others, and not to me; tho' I have fought ic
with all the diligence I could. And indeed, one is
| not to imagine that the particular names of every
, Place in Britain 1s to be found in Prolemy, Antoninus,
| the Nora, and in Cloſſick Authors. It a man mighe
| have che liberty of a conjecture, I muſt confeſs I
CUHIL
ſtinct place trom Brementuracum, as Ferom Surita 4
Spaniard. in his notes upon Antoninus, very reaſona-
bly ſuppoſes) upon the account ot its diſtance from
Coccium Or Riblecheſter,
From this Burrougb the river Lone runs by Thur-
Lind-Tunftalls, a fore buile in Henry the fourth's time
by Sir Thomas Turſ'al Knight, the King having gran-
red him leave ro fortifie and kernel bis manſion, that IS, yy. i. ;,
to embartel it 3 and then by Hornby a tne caltle, to kernet.
which glories in its foundzr N. Je Mont Begon, and (i9r"y-
in its Lo:ds the Harrinzrons, and the Stanleys Barons =
de Monte Aquile or Mont-Eavle, d:icended from The- Barons
mas Stanley firtt Earl of Derby 5. William Stanley, the Vitcages
chird and laſt of chele, lefe Elizzbech his only daugh-
ter and heir, marry'd to Edward Parker Lord Morley.
She had a fon, Wi!lam Parker, who was reſtor'd by
King James to the honour of his an:eltors rhe Barony
of Mont-Eagle, and muſt be acknowledged by us and
0r poſterity to have been born tor the gogd of the
whole Kingdom : tor by an obſcure letter privately
ſence him, and produc'd by him in the very nick of
time, the moſt helliſh and deteſtable treaſon that Gun pow-
latin word Lima, which fignihes a File, a Smith's In-
— - - —_ OCC— — —- —_ - — _
: Mr. io I f Ny *# 3
"4 99 15,
% Aid adyanc'd is 5/4at title of RK. Henr. 8,
wickedneſs ic felf could projet, was diſcoverd and <#*
—_— OO —— <> ——
* [1 the neighbom hood of Riblecheſter rhere is a place call'd Rixton, or Riſbron, which fcems to have. fome remains m it of the old Rigodwnwms.
l | !). 29).) has given us an accuunt of the manacr of making fait of fea-land in this Councy,
*Ddd
PIe-
In many places alung this coaſt there are heaps of 4 nw way
Of making
ſhould take it to be Bremetonacam (which was a dj- B:'<meront-
_
Ld $8.4
39% nt 4 DEE SS” SHO As Oe CO o_
2”. Og. tf oe nn Ines wk ed _
© OS i $4 OSEII_—> 2 ORE Gr Winer Apes 9 ry et. mo oe WH ——X _H__
wrt om a wo. HO aw wee eee Ow
0 S—o——_—_ eo
+0 004902 oo D>o
* AY 94, 04s
- PI
«det
Py
KI ND En Fra, gy ae, Ee
»s wh,
Do—- wy
— — —
Lancaſter.
F-urnellc.
Carthmcll.
of ruin ; for foie of that wicked gang, under the
execrable maſgue of Religion, ſtood ready to blow |
up their King and Country in a moment, having be-
tore planted a great quantity of Gun-powder under
the Parliament-houle tor that puryote.
The Lone, after it bas gone ſome miles further,
{ces Lancer on the ſouth ſide of it, the chief town
ot this county, which the inhabitants more truly
call © Loncaſter, and the Scots, Lyoncaſtell , from
the river Lon. Both its name ar this day, and
the river under it, in a manner prove it to be the
Logowicwn, vw erc under che Lieutenant of Britain
(as tne Notia intorms us) a Company of the Longo-
wicarians, Who took that name trom the place, kept
gartifon. Tho at preſent the town 15 not popu:ous,
and the inhabitants thereof are all husbandmen, ( for
the grounds about it are well cultivated, open, flou-
riin:ng, and woody enough ; ) yet in proof ot its
Roman antiquiry, th:y ſometimes meet with coins
of the Empetors, eſpecially where the | ryers had cher!
cloytter: tor tiiere (as they report) ood che marks 0)
an ancient city, which the Scots in a ſudden inroad, 1n
the year 1322, wherein they deſtroy'd every thing
they could meet with, burnt co the ground. From
that time they bezan to build nearer a green hill by
the river, upon which itands a caſtie, nor very great
S*RIGA4NTES. |
prevented, when the Kingdom was in the very brink '
OB—_— ——— —_ -—— —_ — — _ _ —_—
among thoſe mountains lies the greateſt lake in En-
gland, nos call'd IVinander-mere, in Saxon Winpaope. w...
men, perhaps from the windings in it ; about ten ":.
miles in length, the bottom pav'd, as it were , with
a continued rock, wonderful deep in ſome places (as
the neighbouring Inhabitants tell you ) and well 5.
ſtor'd with a fort of fiſh no where elſe bred, which - s fs
they call Chare [m]. Upon this lake ſtands a little 1.4
town of the ſame name, where in the year 792. Ea- ©.
thred, King of the Northumbrians, flew the ſons of 1:....
King Eſfwold, after he had taken them from York ; '-
that by his own wickednels and their blood, he might
ſecure himſelf inthe Kingdom. ;
Between this lake and the river Dudden, is the
promontory we commonly call Fornep,with the Illand
Wainey like a Counterſcarp lying along by it, and a
{mall arm of the ſea between. The entity to it is
«cetended by a Fort call'd The Pile of Fouldrey, ſituate ;
upon a rock in the middle of the water, and built by *..
the Abbot of Forneſs in the thirſt year of King Edward
the third.
Upon the promontory there is nothing to be ſeen
but the ruins of Forneſ- Abbey *, which Stephen Earl 1.+.r
ot Bullen, atterwards K. of England, built in the year
1127. 1n a place formerly call d Beker/gzll ; or tranſla«
rec it rather trom Tulket in Anderneſ. Out of the
Monks of this place, and no where elſe ( as they
nor ancient, but fair buile and ſtrong; and upon the
very hill ſtands a Church, the only one in the town,
wheie the Monks alicns had a cell heretofore 7. Be-
low this, at a very tinc bridge over the Lone, on the
ſte:pelt ſide of the hill, there hangs a piece of a very
ancient wall, v/hich is Roman : they call it Wery-wall,
probably from the later Britiſh name of the town,
tor they nam'd this town Caer IWerid, that 1s, a green
Cri:y, from the green hill, perhaps ; but I leave the
tarcher ditcovery of this to others. John Lord of
\loricon and Tancait::, who was afterwards King of
i-ng.and, confirmed by charter all the liberties which be
ad granted to the Burgeſſes of Briſtow. Edward the
thiid, in the 35th year of his reign, granted to the
Mayor and Bailiffs of the <illage of Lancaſter, that Pleas
and Sefſions ſhould be held no where elſe but there. The
{aticude of this place {not to omit it) 1s 54 degrees 5
minutes, and the longitude 20 degrees 48 minutes.
From the top of this kill, white I lookd all round
to fee the mouth of the @.one, (which empties it ſelt not
much lower) I ſaw Forneſs the other part of this Coun-
ty on the welt, which is almoſt fever'd from it by
the f:a ; for whercas the ſhore lay out a great way
from hence weſtward into the ocean, the fea (as if
it were enrag'd at ic) cealzd not to flaſh and mangle
it. Nay, it {wallow'd it quite up at ſome boiſterous
tide or other, and thereby has made three large bays,
nainely, K-n:/and, 'xhich receives the river Ken, Le-
wvenſand, and Duddenſard , berween which the land
ſhoots o:.r ſo much like a promontory into the ſea,
that this {+ -» the county takes its name from it ;
12114 116 Foreland figniftie the fame with us that
Pr 03/4 74011477 anterins. that is a fore-promontory, does in
| | The while tract, except by the Sea- ſide,
1,11 mountains and great rocks (chey call them
orz{s 7iils) among which the Britains liv'd ſecurely
for a long time, relying upon the fortifications where.
with nature had guarded them, tho' nothing prov'd
impregnable to the Saxon Conquerors. For in the
228th year alter the coming in of the Saxons, we
may from hence inter, thar the Britains lived here,
becauſe at that time Egfrid King of the Northum-
brians gave to S. Cuthbert the land called Cartbmell,
and all the Britains in it ; for ſo it is related in his
life. Now Carthmell, every one knows, was a part of
this County near Kenrſand ; and a little rown in it
keeps that very name to this day, wherein I/ill;am
Atareſchal the elder, Ear! of Pembroke, built a Priory,
and endow'd ir, If in Ptolemy one might read Se-
tantiorum 2147% (a lake) as fome books have it, and not
* Sctantiorun: 2144), (a baven,) I would venture to afhrm
{ ba a
the Britains in theſe parts were the Seranti; ; for |
+
that
c This is its name in ali the Narth part of Engiaul.
p 0: vas. P'? \ £ -* - 2 Poo65i ''s. s Of C J, C30 Mon: :.
, to John Coupland,one of the moſt warlike men of that
themſelves have related) the Biſhops of the Iile of
Man, which Ilyes over againſt it, were wont by an
ancient cuſtom to be choſen : this being the mother,as
it were, of ſeveral Monalteiies both in that Iſland
and in heland[n} More to the Laſt fiands Aldmgp. 4 44
ham, the ancient eſtate ot the family of the Harring-!!-'r;
tons, to whom it came from the Flemmmgs by the Can- ©
cefeids 35 and whole inheritance by a daughter went
tw Wilkam Bonwill 9 of Devonſhire, and by him ar
laſt to the Grezs Maiquifſes of Dorfet. Somcwt.ar
higher lyes Uiver/ton, to be mention d upon this ac ,
count , that Edward the third gave a moiety ot it ©
age,whom he alſo advanc'd to the honour of a Rane:
rt, for taking David the ſecond, King of Scots prifoner
in a battel ar Durham. Afcer his death the ſaid King
gave it, with other great eſtates in theſe parts , and
with the title of Earl of Bedford , to Ingleram Lond
Coucy a Frenchman ; he having mar1i1ed his daughter
I'abcl, and his Anceſtors having been poſlel:'d of great
Revenues in England in right oi Christian de Lind-
ſey 0].
As tor thoſe of the Nobility who have bore the,
ticle of Lanca#er ; there were three inthe beginning (
of the Norman Government, who had the tile of -
Lords of the Honour of Lancaſter : namely, Rogerot {|
Poittou, the fon of Roger Montgomery , firnam'd Þ:
| &avenſis (as William of Malmesbury ſays ) becaule
his wite came out of Poi&cu in France. Bur he be-
ing depriv'd of this honour for his diſloyalty, Kinz
Stephen conferr'd it upon his own fon #:{;am,Ear; of
Moriton and Warren. Upon whole death, King Ri-
chard the hirſt beſtow*'d it upon Fohn his brother,
who was alterwards King of England. For thus we
' find itin an ancient Hiſtory ; King Richard ſhew'd'
| great affettion for hu brother fobn. For beſides Ireland,
| and the Earldom of Moriton in Normandy , be beftow d ©
; upon bim ſuch great preferments in England, that be w:3s |
| in a manner a Tetrarch there. For be gave bim Cornws!,
| Loncafter, Nottingham, Derby, with the adjacent Cows
try, and many other things. A pretty while after, King
Henry the third, fon of King John, raiſed Edmuns
Creuchback his younger ſon ( to whom he had given
the eſtate and honours of Simon Montfort Earl ol
Leiceſter, of Robert Ferrars Earl of Derby, and ot
Fohn of Monmouth ; for rebelling againſt him) to the
Earldom of Lancaſter, giving ic in theſe words, Tz **
Honour, Earldom, Caſtle, and the Town of Lanca#ter,
with the Cow-pa#ttures end Foreſts of Wireſdale , Lowns
3 Of Somcrſesjt ire
dale, Newcaſtle under Lime , with the Manour, Furiit,
and @ Caſtle of Pickering , the Manour ef Scaleby, tht
Village of Gomeceſtre, and the Rents of the Town of Hu:
— ——_———
3 This fort is quite ruinatcd,
,
£0401,
* having firſt chousd and
hn, $91]
— —— — —— —— —
«endon, CC.
LANCASHIRE.
after he had loſt the Kingdom of S#- . other Liberties and Royalties 0
—— — CCC CCS
A —————— —_—_—
f what kind ſoruver apper-
b
:/y, with which the Pope by a ring invelted him to | raining ro a County Palatine, as freely and as fully as the
no purpoſe ; and what expos'd the Engliſh to the | Earl of Cheſter within the ſaid County is knywn to have, 82.
publick ſcotf and laughter of the world , he causd | Nor was he only Duke of Lancaſter ; but alſo by
pieces of gold to be coyn'd with this Inſcription,
AIMUNDUS REX SEGITLIE;
cully'd the credulous
King our of much money upon that account.
The faid Edmund (his firſt wife dying without iflue,
who was the daughter and heir of the Earl of A4lbe-
marie **; yet by her laſt Will made him her heir) had
- by his ſecond wife Blanch of Artois of the * Royal Fa-
+ mily of France, Thomas and Henry; and fobn who
dy'd very young. Thomas was the ſecond Earl of
Lancaſter, who married Alice the only daughter and
heir of Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln : the convey d
this and her mother's eſtate, who was of the family
of the Long Eſee's Earls of Salisbury (as likewiſe, and conferr'd this honour upon Heny his fon, after- y 1j.,.. .
|
[
| marriage with Conſtantia, daughter of Peter King of
Caſtile , for ſome time bore the title of Kg of Leen
and Caſtile. But by contract he parted with this ti- Gwnr, K.of
'tle, and in the x3ch of King Richard the ſ:cond, Cie:
was created by conſent of Parliament, Duke of A-
quitain **, tothe great diffatisfation of that Country.
Ar that time his titles were, Fobn, ſon to the King of
England, Duke of Aquitain and Lancaſter, Earl of Devr-
by, Lincoln, and Leiceſter, and bigh Steward of Eng-
land.
After this John, Henry de Bullingbroke his fon,
ſucceeded in the Dutchy of Lancaſter '*; who having
depoſed Richard the ſecond, obtain'd the Crown,
her father Henry Lacy had done betore with his own | wards King of England. And that he might entail
Land:, in cate Alice ſhould dye without iffae, as in- | it upon him and his heirs for ever, he had an A of
decd it afterwards hapen'd ) over to the family of | Parliament made in theſe words :
L ancaiter. But chis Thomas tor his Infolence and
dilreſpect to his Prince Edward the ſecond, and tor
inbroiling the State, was at laſt caxen priſoner in the
field, and beheaded, having no ifſue. However, his
Sentence was atterwards revers'd by Act of Parlia-
ment, becauſe he was not try'd by his Peers ; and fo
his brother Henry ſucceeded him in his eſtate and ho-
nours. He was allo enrich'd by his wife Maud,
daughter and fole heir of Patrick Chaworch ; and
that not only with her own, but with great eſtates
Ile being unwilling
that our ſaid inheritance, or its liberties, by reaſon of our
now aſſuming the Royal ſtate and dignity, ſhould be any
ways chang'd, transerr'd, dimmiſhd, or imparr'd but that
our ſaid inheritance, with its rights and liberties aforeſaid,
}
ſhould in the ſame manner and form , condition and ſtate,
wherem they deſcended and fell to ms, and alſo with all and
/mgular liberties, franchiſes and other privileges, commods-
ties, and profits whatſoever, which our Lord and Father
in hu life time had and held it withal for term of his life
by the grant of the late King Richard ; be wholly and
in Wales, namely, of Maurice of London, and of . fully preſerv'd, continu'd, and enjoy'd by us and our bears,
S$:ward, trom whom ſhe was deſcended. He dying
®., lett a fon Hewy, whom Edward thethird raisd trom
Earl to a Duke ; and he was the ſecond of our No-.
bility that bore the title of Duke. Bur he dy'd with-
out iſſue-male , leaving ewo daughters Mawd and
Blanch, between whom the Inheritance was divided.
Mawd was married to William of Bavaria, Earl of
Holland, Zeland, Friſeland, Hanault , and of Lei-
ceſter too in right of his wife. But ſhe dying with-
out iſſue, Fobn of Gaunt (lo calld becauſe he was
born at Gaunt in Flanders) fourth fon of Edward the
third, by marriage with Blanch the other daughter of
Henry, came to the whole eſtate. And now being
[pectfied im the [aid Charters.
And by the tenure of theſe
preſents, we do upon our certam knowledge, and with the
conſent of this our preſent Parliament, grant, declare, de-
cree and ordain for ws and our heirs, that as well our
Dutchy of Lancaſter, as all and ſingular Counties, Honours,
Cattles, Manours, Fees, Adworr'ſons , Poſſeſſions, Annut-
tres, and Seigniories whatſoever deſcended to us before the
Royal Dignity was obtain'd by us , how or in what place
ſoever by right of mberitance, m poſſeſſion, or in reverſion,
or other way, remain to us and our ſaid heirs, ſpecified m
the Charters aboveſaid, after the ſaid manner for ever.
Afeerwards King Henry the fifth by A& of Parlia-
ment annex'd a very great eſtate to this Ducchy,
equal ro many Kings in wealth, and created Duke of | which had fall'n to him in righe of his mocher 2,
Lancaſter by his father, he alſo obtain'd the Royal-
ties of him. TheKing too advanc'd the County of Lan-
caſter into a Palatinate by this Reſcript; wherein after
he has declar'd the great ſervice he had done his
Country, both at home and abroad, he adds,
We have granted for us and our heirs to our ſon aforeſaid,
that he during the term of life ſhall have within the Coun-
ty of Lancaſter hu Chancery, and hs Writs to be 1jſred out
under bus own Seal belonging to the Office of Chancellor ;
bs Juſtices ikewiſe, as well for Pleas of the Crown, as
for other Pleas relating to Common Law, to have cogm-
:
'
i
| who was the davghter and coheir of Hamphry Behun,
| Earl of Hereford. And in this ſtate and condition irc
remain'd trom that time, ſaving that Edward the
fourth, in the firſt of his reign,when he had atrainted
Henry the ſixth in Parliament for Treaſon, appropria-
ted it (as they term it) ro the Crown ; that 1s toſay, to
him and his heirs Kings of England. Howerer,
Henry the ſevench ſoon broke this entail ; and fo at
this day it has its particular Officers, namely, a Chan-
cellor, Attorney, Receiver, Clerk of the Court , fix Aſſeſ-
ſors, a Meſſenger, two Auditors, three and twenty Recei-
ſance of them, and to have power of making all Executi- | vers, aud three Superviſors.
ons whatſoever by bus Writs and Officers. And to have all |
Of W;{{am de Fortibus Earl &c.
" To have and to hold the ſame title for term of life of the King of Enzland and Monarch of Frarc:, but
to th-2 general diſguſt of the inhabitants Ta Province of Aquitain,who garve it out that their Seigniory was in[eparably annex? to theCrown of England.
{9 whon he had difpoſſeſs'd Richar
Franchiſcs
There are reckon'd in this Shire, beſides ſeveral Chapels, only 36 Pariſhes, but thoſe very populous, and
ſuch as for number of Pariſhioners, far exceed the greateſt Pariſhes anywhere elſe.
| the ſecond, and obtain'd the Kingdom of England ; he conſidering that being now Kinz,
ertly of Duke of Lancaſter, and unwilling that the ſaid title ſhould be diſcontinwad, ordain'd by all-nt of Fariiament that Her y 1s prejent fon jhould
entoy the ſame, and be ſt;l'd Prince of Wales, Duke of Aquitaim, Lancaitcr, and Cornwall, and Earl of Cheſter: and alſo 7wat the
of t2e Dutchy of Lancaſter ſhould remain to his ſaid ſon ſever'd from the Crown of England.
ADDITIONS to LANCASHIRE.
Liberties and
iz Dame Mary.
he cont noet binr the
758
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Ho' Lancaſter has given the name to
this County ; yet Mancheſter, whether
one conſider Antiquity, number of
inhabitants, or growth , ſeems to
be more conſiderable. And yet tor all that it is nei-
ther a Corporation, nor does it ſ:nd Burgeſles to
Parliament;tho' perhaps of an in-land town it has the
beſt trade of any one in the north of England. It is
water'd with the rivers Irke and Irwell : but there is
no ſuch river about it as Spol/den, upon which the late
Hiſtorical and Geographical Did ionary has falſly plac'd
ie; as it hath alſo it's diſtance from London, which
15 really 147 miles. The Fuſtian-Manufacture, calld
Mancheſter-Cottons, ſtill continues there, and is of
late very much improv'd by ſome modern inventions
of dying and printing ; and this, with the great va-
riety
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riery of other manufactures, known by the name of
Aancheſter-I ares, renders not only the town 1t ſclt,
but alfo the pariſh about it, 1i.h, populous, and in- |
duitiious. Sixty years ago there were computed nea:
2-00 Communicants in the town and Parilh ; ſince
which time the inhabitants are much more numerous,
proportionable to the increaſe of trade. The Colle-
giace Chuich (which was built in the year 1422.) 15
a very large, beautitul, and ſtately edifice ; and the
Quire is particularly remarkab!e lor it's neat and Cu-
1101s Cary | wo: k.
Ie is likewiſe beautify'd with three remarkablc
Foundations, a College, a Hoſpital, and a Publick
School ; the following account whereot we owe to
the worthy Warden of this place.
The College was firſt tounded A.D. 1421. by Tho
»as De ls Ware, at firlt Rector of the faid Parith
Church, and brother to the Lord De z Ware; whom
he ſucceeded in the eſtate and honour, and then
founded a Colleze there, conliſting of onz Matler or
Keeper, eight Fellow-Chaplains, four Clerks, and
ſix Choriſters, in honour of St. ary (to whom
the ſaid Parith-Church was formerly dedicated )
St. Dems of France, and St. George of England.
Chis foundation was diiſoiver 1547. in the firſt
year of King Edwaid 6. the lands and revenues of it
caken into the King's hands, and by him demiſed to
the Earl of Deiby, and the College-houtke and fome
Inds fold to the laid Ea l.
The Colleps was re-founded by Queen Mary, who
reſtored mot of the Jands and revenues; only the
College it 1ef, and ſome of its revenues, remain'd
{{il} in the bands of the Fail of Dei by.
Ie was allo founded a-new by Q«cen Ei:ztheth
A. Þ. 15-8. by the name of Ch»:/7's College in Man
cheſtrr, conliſting of one Warden, tour Fellows, ew ;
Chaplains, four Singing-men, and fur Chorillers,
the nuniber being leilen'd becauſe the revenues were
ſo. chiefl- by the covetoulneſs and talle-dealing of,
Thomas Heirle then Warden, and his Fellows, who |
fold away, or made fuch long leal?s of the revenues,
as could never yet, tome of them, be retrieved.
It was laſt of all re-founded by King Charles t.
A. D. 1636, conſticuting cherein one Warden, four
Fellows, two Chaplains, tour Singing men, and four
Choirilters, and incorporating them by the name of
the Warden and Fellows of Chriit's College in An
chefter ; the Statutes tor the fame being drawn up
by Archbiihop Laud.
The Hoſpical ws founded hy Humphrey Cheetham
Etquire, and incorporated by King Charles 2. ; de-
ligned by the ſaid bountitul Benefactor for the main-
tcnance of 43 noor boys, out of the Town and Parijh |
of Mancheſter,and ſome other neighbouring Parithes. |
Fut ſince, 'tis enlarged to the number of 60 by the
Governours of the ſaid Hoſpital, to be taken in be- ;
tween the age of 6 and 10, and there maintained |
with meat, diink, lodging, and cloaths, to the age |
. on.
of 1.4, and then to be bound Apprentices to ſome |
honeit trade or calling at the charge of the faid |
Hoſpital. For the maintenance of which , he en.
dowed the ſame with the yearly revenues of 4290 /.
which is lince improved by the care and good hul- |
bandry of the Feoitees or Governours, to the yearly
ſum of 5171 85s. 44. they having laid out in the
puichace of lands, the ſum of 1825 /. which was 11
ved wut of the yearly income over and above the
maintenance of the poor children and others belong-
ing to the {aid Hoſpital; wherein there are annuaily
near 70 perſons provided tor.
Within the Hoſpital, and by the bounty of the
ſaid Founder, is a'fo erected a very fair and ſpacious |
Library, already furniſhed with a comperent ſtock |
of choice and valuable books, to the number of near
4000, and daily encreating with the income of 1167.
per an. ſztled upon the fame by the ſaid worthy be- |
nefattor to buy Books for ever, and to afford 2 com. |
petent filary for a Library-keeper. There is ailo a |
large School for the Hoſpical-boys, whe:e they are |
daily initructed, and taught to write and read
Tie Publick Schoo! was founded A. D. 15 19, by
NTES.
$00
took the Mills there in leaſe of the Lord De ls og
\ tor 62 years. Afterwaids, with the Biſhop's money,
| Hugh Bexwick, and Foan his ſiſter, purchaſed of the
Lord De la Ware his Lands in Anceates, and the Miils
' upon 1:k, and lefr them in Feoffment to the ſaid
Free ſchool for ever. Which Revenues are of late
very much encreas'd by the Feoffees of the School,
who out of the improvements, have as well conſide.
rably augmented the Malters ſalaries, as the Exhihj.
tions annually ailozed to the maintenance of {ich
{-holars at the Univerſity as the Warden of the Col.
lege and the high Maſter ſhall chink requiſite ; and
have beſides, tor ſome years paſt, added a third
' Maſter, toc whom they have lately erected a new
and convenient Schoo! at the end of the ether.
Beſides thels publick Benetactions and Endow-
ments, there have been 1ſ-veral other conſiderable
lums of money, and annual revenues, left and be.
queathed to the Pcor ot the ſaid Town ; who are
thereby, wich the kindneſs and Charity of the pre-
ent inhahticants, competently provided for, without
ſtarving at home, or being forced to ſeck relict
abroad.
The Town pives title to an honourable family -
Henry Mountague being created Earl of Manchelfer
by K. Charles 1. A. D. 1525 ; which honour js now
poſſeſs'd by Edward his Grandchild, the third Earl
of this family,
[ b] And thus much for its preſent condition.
That it was famous in the time of the Romans, ap.
pears from another Inſciiption Mr. Camden has not
mention'd, dug up near the town at Aldport by the
river Ad/zck in the year 1612.
|
| FORTVNAE
CONSERVA
TRICI
I. SENECITA
NIVS MAR
TIVS 9 LEG
| VI. VICT.
' The ſtone is 3 quarters long, 15 inches broad, 11
| thick ; and is preſerv'd entve in the garden at Hulme,
| the ſeat of Sir Edward Meſeley, L.ord of the town of
| Mancheſter. © It ſeems to be an Altar dedicated to
\* Fortune by L. Senecianius Martivs, the third Gover-
*nour or Commander in the tixth Legion, which
** remain'd at York in the time of Severus's being
* there, after he had vanquiſh'd A/bmw General ot
**the Bricains, and reduced their State under his
* obedience. Ir was firnam'd V:i&rix, and is plac'd
* by Di in Lower Britain; and the 2oth Legion fir- 15. «
Y4).%
**namd allo YVitrix, that remain'd at Cheſter, which F
# =
wat
* ſeemeth, was made by the ſame Sewers.” $0 a
Manuſcript writ by one Mr. Hol{;mgworth, and now
preſerv'd in the Publick Library at Mancheſter. But
as tO Senecianins's being 3d Governor or Commander;
tis a way of exprefling che particular ſtation of any
' tingle man in the army, hardly to be mer with in
their Inſcriptions. Betdes, their Numerals, both in
Coins, Medais, and Inſcriptions, were always ex-
prels'd by Capital Figures, and nor in that abbre-
viaced way we uſe now-a-days. So that one would
rather imagine, that what he calls 3, was delign'd to
exprefs re office he bore in that Legion.
,C | That ir was eminent alſo among the Saxons,
our Author proves from Adartanns. That pailag?
| Marianus had from the Saxon Chronicle, and Flo:
' rence of Worceſter tranſciib'd it from him - and lo ie
' was handed down as Current to the reſt of our Hiito-
rians. Which conſent has inducd ſome more mor
dern Writers to cloſe with the receiv'd opinion. Lu
'in the Saxon Annals ( the original of tte ftory ) WE
are toid, that An. 922. Edward repaird maniz?
cearzep, by which the learned Mr. Nicolſon (©-
king it appellatively ) will have only multe crviates,
many cities, to be meant ; without confining it to any
particular one. Which opinion is contirm'd not ol
ly by the writing of the Copies that :2ake them
Hugh Oidham D. D. and Biſhop of Lxecer, who txo diftin&t words; bur alto our Author's deriving
. |
boi:ght the Lands on which the School ſtands, and
the preſent name from the old Mancuniumm, whereby
t any
** he placeth in hizher Britain. This diviſion, it 15;
00
WY ;3%
_—_—_—
gol
_—
.» And || Fobn Speed gives us this memorable pallage, | 707 1n this County, October 15. 165 1. by the prevail-
OO ——” @IEI—e——_— CO OCT CG OgI—_ RO OO
L aNCAIIRHERE
—— — —_— — ——_— — _
CC A AI
802
—
any relation it might ſeem to have to a Saxon ori-| in the year 1644. For a more particular account of
ginal, is deſtroy d. | her bravery, I refer the Reader co Sir William DPug-
d] Czfar's error in affirming that no Fir-trees ever | dale's account of this Action, in his Barrage, How-
grew in Britain, is not only confuted by ſuch as lye ! ever, that ancient houſe of Lathorn, aſter a frcond
under-ground, bur, as Sir Robert Sibbald tells us, by | firge, was laid almoſt flac in the dait, and the head
whole torelts of thoſe trees in the north of Scotland. | of Fames, that heroick Earl of Derby, cut off at Re!-
That at Lowgh-Argick in the north-weſt of chat Xing- | ing power cf the Parliament. |
dom, there grew firs of great height and thickneſs. | Near Lathem-patk, in the grounds of the Earl of
At the root they bore 28 handfuls about ; and the | Derby, there is a mineral wat: r or ſpary, as deeply im-
bodies mounted to 9o foot in length, bearing 20 | pregnated with the on and /tr:o! minerals, as any ei-
inches diameter throughout. This, he tells us, was | ther in this County, or Yorkſhice. 'The want of con-
ccitityd to King James 1. by Commiſſtoners ſent | venient Lodging and other accommodations, mak? ic
p..rpoſcly to enquire tor ſuch cimber for maits. Nay, | teh frequent. d ; but tis certain it has done fome no-
and *tis demonſtrable that moſt of our Mþ-weod is of | table cuties, one particularly, which an ingenious Gen-
this kind. | tleman of this County athrms, upon his own Certain
In this very County alſo, at Hey ( formerly a ſeat | knowledge, to hive been one of the greatelt and
of the Heys ) thele trees grow in great abundance, | quickeſt that ever he knew done by any fuch water.
by the induſtry and cont: ivance of it's preſent owner! | | i |} In Hugh near Wipgin, in the grounds of H i}:
Thomas Brotherton Eſq; to whom the world is indebt- | Str Roger Bradſhargb, there are Very plentiju! and
ed for thoſe curious Obſervations and Experiments | profitable mines of an extraordinary Coal. Beſides
concerning the growth of Trees, mention'd in the | the clear flame it yeilds in burning, it has been curi-
Philoſophical Tranſattions publiſh d by the Royal So- | ouſly polith'd into the appearance of black marble,
cicty for the month of June 1687. and tramd inco large Candicſticks, Sugar-boxes ,
Bur to go along with the Merſey ; Warrington Spoons, with many other ſuch f:rrs of veſtels ; which
( where thete is a fine bridge over it ) 1s a pretty large | have been preſented as curioſities, and met with very
town, and has a contiderable market. Ar preſent | good acceprance both in London and beyond fea.
the right honourable Henry Booth takes from hence his | North from hence lyes #bit:le near Chorley, where whit,
ticle of Earl of Warrington. '1n the grounds of Sir Richard Standiſh, a mine of
\&)] Ar the mouch of the Merſey is Leerpole, famous | lead has been lately found, and wrought with geod
for a convenient paſſage over into Ireland : and ſuch | ſucceſs ; poflibly the tirſt that has bcen wrought in
as ai@ free of this town have the benetic of being | this County. And near the ſame place is a plentiful
Free-men alſo of Waterford and Wexford in that King- | quarry of Mill-3tones, no leſs memorable than choſe
dom, as alſo of Briſtol in this. To this (with their mention'd by our Author in the Peake of Derby.
trade to the Hert-Indies, and the ſeveral manufactures * Within ataile and « halt of Viggin,is a Well; which guning
in the parts adj.cent) is probably owing the valit does not appear to be a ſpring, but rather rain-water, +.
2ruwth of this town of late years. So that it's buiid- Ar hiſt ſight, there's nothing about it that ſeems ex-
ings and people are more than doubly augmented, traordinary ; but upon emptying it, there preſ=mily
and the Cuſtoms eight or tenfold encreasd within | breaks out a ſulphurcous vapour, which makes the
theſe 28 years laſt pait. Þ Ort late, they have built a | water bubble up as it it boyl'd. A Candle being pur
Town-houſe plac'd on pillars and arches of hewn | to it, ic preſently takes hre, and burns like brandy.
ſtone, with the publick Exchange tor the Merchants The flame, in a calm ſeaſon, will continue ſometinues
underneath it. Ir is principally indebted to the Mores a whole day ; by the heat wherecf they can boyl
of Blank-hall, chief Lords and Owners of the gieateſt eggs, meat, &c, tho? the water it ſelf be cold. By
ſhare of it; by whom it was beautified with many | this bubbling, the water does not encreaſe ; bur is
goodly buildings ot hewn ſtone : fo that ſome of che | only kept in motion by the conltant Halitus of the
!;cets are nam'd from their relation to that family. | Vapours breaking out. The fame water taken out of
They have a Free-ſ-hool, which was formerly a | the Well will not burn; as neicher the mud upon
Chapel ; ar the welt-end whereot, next the river, | which the Halitus has bear.
there ttood the ſtatue of St. Nichols ( long lince de- [{k] Of the plant calli'd Clowdeibery mention'd by
tac'd and gone) to whom che Mariners ofter'd, when | our Author, I have the following account from Mr.
they wentio fea. To add to the reputation of this | Nico{/on. Some of our Botaniſts have given it the name
town, it has had ſeveral Mayors who were perlons | of Yaccmia nubs ; but the more common and better is
of the molt *conliderable families of this County, | Chamamorw : tor *tis a dwart-mulberry. Ir is notpecu-
[
|
both before and ſince the Reſtoration. liar to Pendle-hill, but grows picntifully on the boggy
[ t} Upon this coalt is Cro:by magna, where they | tops of molt of che high mountains both in England
have a Grammar-ſchool, founded by one Harriſon a | and Scotland. In Norway alſo, and other No:thern
rative of the place, Ir is a fair building of tree-ſtone, | Couninies, it 15 plentiful cnough. Inſtead of Gerard's
and endow'd with Fo /. yearly to the Maſter and | miiiaken name of Clowdberry, the Northern pealants
Ulker, belides 7 or 8 pound tor Repairs and Viſta: | Call it Cnout-berry ; and have a tradition that the Da-
tions, 'nith King Knute, being (God knows when) diſtreſs'd
Ar a little diſtance is Crosby parva, within which for ſ-me time in thel2 walls, was reliev'd by teeding
Lordſhip, in a place cali'd Harkirke, ſeveral Saxon | upon theſe dainties. I know not whether it will coun-
Coins were dug up, Ap.1. 8.1411. the portraitures | ernance the ftoiy, to obſerve that this King's name is
whereof were printed in a Cepper-plate by William | in vir ancient Records f fometimes written Knut + gee $2).
Elw-del Elcuire, Grandtacher to the preſence Mr. Bur this berry is not the only edible that bears his den's Tiles
Blundel , name to this day : tor in this County 'tis ſaid they . Eg
ig] Next our Anthor mentions Fiſhes under. | have a bird of a luſcious taſte, || which (in remem:- | Drayr.
ground at Fernby. The name of che place is cer- | brance of King Cnute ) they call che Knor-brrd. Poly oi,
hs . Liz,
rainly Formby : and whatever grounds our Author| [| | | Next we come to the north ſide ; the ſcanty *
mizht have for his aſſertion, Mr. Blundel ( to whom | account whe:eot piven by our Author, is here ſup-
ve are indebted for information in ſeveral particulars | ply'd moſtly by the informations of the worſhiptul
belonging to thoſe parts) tho? he has liv'd above 60 | Sir Daniel Flemming 0i Ridal in Weſtmorland, a preac
years in the neighbourhood, could never by the belt | ornament to his Country, and very well verit in the
enquiry hcar of any fuch thing. The an&iour matrer | ſub;2& of Antiquities.
he mentions, is indeed remarkable: and a Chymiſt| As the Iland Foulney is fo call'd from the
in the neighbourhood reports, that he has extracted | grear ſtore of Fow! uſualiy there ; fo may this whole
from ir an oyl extraordinary foveraign for Paralytick | tract be nam'd Furneſs or Fournege, trom the ma- Fornef
diftempers; having firſt congeai'd ic into a turt, | ny Furnaces therein in old time; as the Rents and
'b] Ac fome diitance from the ſhore is Lathorn, | Services paid for them do teſtifie. For many Tenan's
memorable for that perſonal and ſucceſsful defence | in-chis County {till pay a Rear, call d 2/.49 Smthy-
of it, made by Sherlotra the loyal Counteſs of Derby, | Renr.
#2ainſt a c!ote and long licge of the Parliament-army |
|
|
Lee The
- " wo -
- - , oh ute IS noe ee er er non nn — — -
_———_ _ CCC CR En ee —_—
by reaſon of the uncertainty of the Tides which are
- quicker and ſlower,according as the winds blow more |
or leſs from the Iriſh-ſea; and alſo cf the many quick-|
ſfands,caus'd principally by much rainy weather. Up- |
on which account, there is a guide on horſe-back ap-
pointed to each Sand, for the direction of ſuch per-
ſons as ſhall have occaſion to pal: over ; and each of
the three has a yearly Salary paid him out of his Ma-
| jeſty's revenue.
wy ([m] The greateſt Lake in thoſe parts is Hinander-
Charrz. mere, Wherein the Charr mention d by cur Author, 15
_ a fort of golden Alpine Trout, and to be kad inother
#:/tmor- oft our Northern Lakes,as Ulles-water, Butter-meer, Cc.
wo as well as here. They have alſo the (ane th in ſome
parts of North-Wales, where 'tis call'd 7or-grcb or R-d-
belly.Where our Author had the ſtory ol Earhred is hard
to guels : it is probable Roger Howden was his Author, |
who poflibly is the only Hiſtorian that mentions 17.
However, it does not look very plauſible 3 tor this!
| Eathred or Ethelred was himſelf King «1/vold's fon
3's\ton. [n] Within the Manour of Aldmgham 15 GleFton-
Caftle , which has been very large and firm ; having
four ſtrong towers of a great height. b{lides many |
other buildings with very thick walls. To obſerve it
keie once for all ; many perſons ot quality,eſpecially
towards Scotland, had cither Caſtles or Towers to
dwell in, to defend themieives and their Tenants
trom the inroads of the Scots. Anciently they had
their houles kernell'd, fortity'd, or caibattel'd ; and
divers Commiſkons have been awarded in purſuance
of the Stat. 2 and 3 P. & M cap. 1. unto certain per-
ons to enquire what and how many Caltles, Fortrel-
ſes. &c. have been decay'd, what are fit to be re-
edify'd, and how many new ones neceſſary co be e-
reted. This of Gleſton is ſeated in a fertile vale a-
monegſt rich meadows, and ſhelter'd trom the Sea by |
tiuictul hills ; all which render it oneot the moſt plea- |
{ant feats in this Country. |
"om Manour-houſe whereof ( Kirkby-Crofs-bouſe, ſo call'd.
t-om a Croſs plac before the gates, the top of which |
vas Broke off, as 'tis faid, by Archbiſhop Sandys's |
orger)-is a ſtately ſeat, giving name to the Kirkbys ,
who have been T.ords of it ever ſince the Conqueſt: |
the prefent owner is Colonel Roger Kirkby.
Boughton, Near the river Dudden lyes Broughton, tormerly the |
chief f2at of a family of that name , till in the reign '
ot Henry 7. it was forfeited for Treaſon by Sir Tho- |
mas Broughton Knight, who then cook part with the |
itake in the Hiſtory of that King's reign, where 'tis|
atfirm'd that Sir Tho. Broughton was ſlain at Stokefield ; |
whereas in truth heeſcapd from that battel to ither-
while-among his 'Tenants, hete allo he dy'd and was
bury*d ; and his grave is known and to be ſeen at
this day.
Comics Next is Conde anciently call'd Conmeeſheved, hete- |
totore an Hoſpital, or Priory, founded by William de |
Lunca/ter, Baron of Kendal, and tormerly the poſſel- |
ton cot the Sanys. It's {aid that Edward Sandys, Arch- |
hiihop of York, was born here.
SA art
trom Marim Swart (who came in with the counter- |
tit Plarragener at the Pile of Fouldrey, in King tlen- |
rv the feverith's time.) Here it wasalfo,that z».165 2. |
(eee Fox 2nd fome of his Fellow-Quakers tirit |
thew d chemicives in this Country, where chey have |
210! ever tince remain d. |
pin ctr A title North from Uſverfton is Plumpion, Where
were toimer'y Ames arid a Forge : from whence, a
Werty viy North, is Cormpton, a Manour plac'd be-
Con mgtton DUY. een Conry/tou-Feils { very high Mountains,w here-
mare many Mines oi Copper, Lead, &c.) and Ce-
ms or-waiyr, a Lake tive miles long, and near a;
m:Js broxd Yhe town is ſometimes call'd Fleming
Common (to diltinguith it trom another lying cn
tC cmmbuary fideo the lake, nanr'd Monk Coningft on,
0 ads The 3 Sands are-very dangerous to Travellers mor as formerly belonging to the Abbey of Fourneſs.)For I
the reign cf Henry the thi:d it came by marriaze
from the Urſwicks to Sir Richard le Flemming of Carr.
narvon-Caſtle, and hasbeen ever ſince enjoy'd by |,
heirs-males; Sir Damel Flemmmg of Rydal-hall in ti;
County of Weſtmorland Kr. being the preſent own.
er. This Manour of Rydal came to them by <$i;
Thomas le Fiemming's mariying Iſabel, one of the
daughters and conehrs cf Sir John de Lancaſter ol Ry.
dal and of Houlgil-caſtle in the ſame County, Knight
The Chapel here was made Parochial, among dire-s
others in this Country, by Edwin Sandys, Archbiſh»p
of York. ;
By the Sand-ſide is Hrayſholme rower , near which =
-1 B03 "T/BRIGCANTES. "
Sa
_
ou
was not long ſince diſcover'd a Medicinal Spring of 4 « -
brackiſh calte. The water is now drunk by many ©
every Summer, being eſtcem'd a very good remedy
tor Worms, Stone, Gout, Itch, and feveral other :;.
itempers.
Our Author,beſides Chapels,makes but 36. Pariſhes
in this County: whereas it appears by an Eccleſiaſtical
ſtate of the County, taken about the beginning of k.
James the firſt, that there are no fewer than 60. The
Manuſcript was drawn up by one Mr. Urmſten, and
is in the handsof 7homas Brotherton of Hey, Elq.
More rare Plants growing wild im Lancaſhire.
Aſphodelus Lancaſtriz verus Ger.emac. diſcr.Pſeudo-
aſphodelus paluſtris Anglicus C. B._ Lancaſhire A(the-
del , or Baſt ard-Engliſh.Aſpbodel. Thus being a Plant
commonly growing in moſſes or rotten boggy grounds in ma-
ny Counties of England, I need not have mentioned here,
but that our Engliſh Herbariſts have been pleaſed to dins-
minate it from thu County , as if it were peculiar to it.
Lobel ſauth, they call it Maiden-hair, becauſe the Women
bereabout were wont to colour their hair with the flower
of 2t.
Bifolium minimum. The leaft Tway-blade, Os.
K by. {0| Hard by Dudden-ſands is Kirkby-Ireleth, the | ſerved upon Pendle-hill amorg the beath. See the Syno)ms
im Yorkſhire.
Ceraſus Sylveſtris frutu minimo cordiformi P. B
IWild Heart cherry-tree , commonly call'd the Merry-trc:
About Bury and Mancheſter. See Weſtmorland. *
Cochlearia marina folio anguloſo parvo D. Law/-»
Small Sea Scurvy-grafs with a corner'd leaf. In the |:
of Walney. I take the to be the ſame with the Cochlca-
ria rotundifolia minor noltras & Park. and the Thlaſpi
hederaceum Lob.
Conyza helenitis foliis laciniatis. Fagged Fleabane-
counterfeit P/antagenet that landed in Fourneſs. And | Mullet, or Marſh- Fleabane. In the ditches about Pillin-
here it may not be improper to obſerve a mi- | meſs plentifully.
Crichmum ſpinoſum Ger.maricimum ſpinoſum C.B.
maritimum fpinoſum, ſeu Paſtinaca marina Park.Pa-
{tinaca marina , quibuſlam Secacul & Crithmum
(lick, a Nanour then belonging to him in the Coun- | ſpinoſum F. B. Prickly Sampire or Sea-Par/nep. 05
cy of Weſtmorland. Here he liv'd incogniro a good | ſerved by Mr. Lawſon at Roosbeck im Low- Fourne(s
Echium marinum P. B. Bugloſſum dulce ex infi-
lis Lancaſtrix Park. Sea- Bogle. Over againſt Bigger
an the Iſle of WWalney plentifuly.
Eruca Monentis laciniata lutea Cat. Arg. An Ert-
ca Sylveltris minor Jutea Buriz paſtoris folio C. F.
Small jagged yellow Rochet of the [ſie of Main. BEeirwetn
Marſh-Grange and the Iſle of Walney.
Geranium hzmatodes Lancaſtrenſe, flore eleganter
About a mile trom Ulver/ton is Swartmoor, 10 calld | ſtriato. Bloody Cranes-bil wito a wartgated flower.
In the Iſle of Walney in a Sandy-joil near the Sea-ſhore
Juncus Alpinus cum cauda leporina F. B. Hare:
tail-Ruſh, Moſe-crops, upon the Moſſes, of which there «it
plenty m thu County.
Roſmarinum purpureum. Purple-Goats-beard. On
the banks of the rrver Chalder, near the Lady Hesketh
bouſe, two miles from Whalley, P. B, This, Mr. ite:
Roberts, a shalful HerbariHt, affirms himſelf to have found
wild, but not in the place mention d.
Tormentilla quadrifolia radice rotunda. Merret.
Pin, Near Wigan in Lancaſhire.
Sambucus foliis laciniatis. Elder with jagged leaves
In a hedge near Mancbefter. I ſuſpeft that this was '
native, but induftriouſly or accidentally planted there.
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WEST MOREL AND.
O the utmoſt bounds of Lancaſhire | part of this County, boundzd on the Weſt with the
on the North joyns another ſmall |river #/m#er, and the ſpacious Lake mention'd bur
tract of the Brigantes, call'd in Latin | now, call'd Winander mere ; and on the ea't with che
Weſtmorlandia,in Engliſh We#ftmoreland, | river Lone or Lune.
and by ſome modern Writers IWe##-| At the upper corner of this Lake Winander-meare, toiblo+ ts,
maria. On the Weſt and North, it is | lyes the carcaf, as it were, of an ancient City, wich:
border'd by Cumberland ; on the Eaſt, by Yorkſhire | large ruins of walls , and fcatterd heaps of rubbiſh
and the Biſhoprick of Durham. From its ſituation | without the walls. The Fort has been of an oblgnz
among high Mountains (for here our Appernine runs | figure, fortify'd with a dicch and rampire, in length
out broader and broader) and from its lying general- | 132 Ells, and in breadth 89. That it was a work of
ly uncultivated, it had this name. For the North | the Romans, the Britiſh bricks, the mortar temper'd
parts of England call wild barren places, fuch as are | with ſmall pieces of bricks, the lictle Urns or Pots,
not fie for tillage , by the name of Mores ; ſo that | the Glaſs Vials, the Roman Coins commonly mer
IWeftmoreland implies no more than an uncultiuated tratt
lying towards ihe Wet. Let then that idle ſtory about
King Marius (whom ſome of our Hiſtorians affirm
to have conquer'd the P:&#s, and to have call'd this
County after his own name) be baniſht out of the
School of Antiquities | a].
The South part of the County (which for fome
time is pent up in a narrow compals between the
river Lone and © Winander-mere)isinthe Valleys pretty
| with, the round ſtones like Mill-ſtones ( of which
deniable Evidence. But the old name is quite lolt ;
unleſs one ſhould imagine from the preſent name
the Noritial e ].
Towards the Eaſt, the river Lone is the limit, and
gives its name to the adjoyning trad, Lonſdale, i. e.
fruittul, tho' not without its bare ſtony rocks ; and is
'= call'd by one general name, The Barony of Kendal or
Candalia,ſignifying a Vale upon the Can | b]. This it took |
from the river Can, which runs along this valley in a
{tony Chanel, and has upon its Weſtern bank a very
populous town, call Candale *, or Kirkby-Candale, 1c.
4 Church in the valley upon Can. It has two Streets
crofling each other, is very eminent for the woollen
manutacturezand the induſtry of the inhabitants,who
trade throughout all England with their woollen cloath.
Their greateſt honour is, that Barons and Earls have
taken their titles from the place. The Barons were
of the family of Ivo Taleboys, of whoſe poſterity
William, by conſent of King Henry the ſecond,call'd |
« himſelf William of Lanca#ter. His * niece and heir
- was marry'd to Gilbert, fon of Roger Fuz-Reinffid ,
by whoſe daughters (upon the death of i/l;am his
ſon) the eſtate came to Peter Brms the ſecond Lord of
Skelron of that Chriſtian-name, and /il:am Lindſay ,
from whom on the mother's ſide, Igelram Lord of
. Concy in France, deriv'd his pedigree, as I under-
food by the Hiſtory of Fourneſ- Abbey. By the
daughter of this Peter Bras, filter and heireſs to Peter
Brus the third, the Barony deſcended to the Roſſes of
Werke ;
reditarily upon the Parrs *, whoſe Caſtle,over againſt |
the town, is ready to drop down with age. It has
had three Earls ; Fob» Duke of Bedtord, advanc'd |
to that honour by his brother King Henry the fifth ;
John Duke of Somerſet ; and John de Fozx, deſcend.
ed from the noble family of the Fozx in France, whom
King Henry the ſixth raisd to that dignity for his
faichful ſervice in the French wars. Upon which ac-
a vale upon the Lone ; the chief town whereof is Kirk-
by Lonſdale, whither the neighbouring Inhabitants
reſort to Church and Market. Above the head of the
Lone, the Country grows wider, and the Mountains
ſhoot out with many windings and turnings ; be-
tween which there are here and there exceeding deep
vallies, and leveral places hollow'd like fo many dens
or caves |f ]. The noble river of Eden, call'd by Pto-
lemy una, * riſing in Yorkſhire, has at firſt only a 5+
ſmall ſtream, but increaſing gradually by the con- **+
fluence of ſeveral little rivers,ſeeks a paſſage through
theſe Mountains to the North-weſt, by Pendragon
Ca#th, * to which age has left nothing but the name
and a heap of great ſtones [ g . Then it runs by
Wharton-ball, the feat of the 7
firſt whereot was 3 Thomas , advanc'd to that honour hail.
+@VWas
{ foder'd together, they us'd formerly to make Pil- + C49.
lars) and the pav'd ways leading to it ; are all an un. Pets.
arons of I/hbarton, the wi:::-1-..
by King Henry the Eighth. To him ſucceeded his whair.c,
ſon of the ſame name, who was fucceeded by
Philip the preſent Lord,a perſon of great honour | h}.
Next, by Kirby-Stepben, or Stephen's Church, a notcd
market; and ſo by two little villages call'd Muſgrave, 1-254
that gave name to the warlike family of the My/-
graves [i] 5 of which, Thomas Muſgrave in the time of
Edward the third, was fummon'd to Parliament a-
and from them the honour was devolv'd he- | mong the Barons : their ſeat was Heart!y-Ca#tle, hard ;;.
by.
Here the Eden as it were ftops its courlz , that it
may receive ſome rivulers ; upon one of which.ſcarce
town mention'd by Antonin and the Netitia, From
the latter of theſe we learn, that in the decline of
the Roman Empire, a Prxtez& of the Romans quar-
ter'd there with a band of the Dzirectores. Now, the
count poſlibly it is, that ſome of this family of Foix
in France have ſtill the ſirname of Kendal [c ]. I
know no other piece of Antiquity that Kendal can | for it is calld Burgh under Stane-more, i. e.
boalt of, Once indeed I was of opinion that it was
the old Roman ſtation , Concangiz:; but time has in-
+. form'd me better [d]). Lower in the river Can, there
are two Hatir-falls, where the water is tumbled
headlong with a hideous noiſe ; one at a little vil-
lage cali'd Levens, another more Southward near
Betham. From theſe the neighbours draw certain
prognoſtications of the weather : tor when the Nor-
thern one has a clear ſound, they promiſe themſelves
t2ir weather ; but when the Southern,rain and miſts.
And thus much of the Southern and more narrow
town it ſelf is dwindl'd into a little village, defended
(to obſerve it once for all) the litle Caſtles, which <5.
were built for the emergent occaſions of war and
ſtor'd with proviſions, began to be call'd Burg: ; a
new name, which after the tranſlation of the Em-
pire into the Eaſt, the Germans and others {cem to
have taken from the Greek 2/z9&. And hence the
' Burgundians have their name from inhabiting the
Burgi ; for fo that ape cali'd the Dwel:ings planted
| , * .*
at a lictle diftance one from another along the Fron-
tiers. I have read nothing of it, but that in the be-
—_—w__
—
—
ys —_ — —— —_
* As this Barony, on the Eft, goes
; Holmes.as they call them) that are ia it, are own'd to be in the County of Weſtmorland :
eyoad Lan? or Leun ; fo on th: Weſt, doth it wholly include the great Lake #7nander-mere. For all the Lics
all the Fiſhing belongs ro A4pelrbhwaze in Winander-
mere Pariſh in the £:id County, and all the Tithe-fiſh to the Reftor i;1ereof ; who has a Pleaſures boat upon the faid Lake, and a Preſcription of ſo
much a beat, in licu of the Tithe of ail rhe fiſh that are taken in it.
lnce thit was the gitt of //il:am de 1.ancaſter Baron of Kendal.
Brtham ay we Milenorp. 6 I: ariſes in W
Ld of Witmorlind. O it of the ſame hill, there rua two other great r
"mic to the 14+ /?-Riding of Yorkſhice.
YN Fnigdz.
2 Of whom jr William Parr was made 1 ori Por by Fong Hevry 8,
Nar is it of any moment that the Abbey of Fowneſs had two boats upon it ;
a « They re not both in this river ; bur one in this, and the other in the river
et-morlind, art a place call'd Hugh ea: \farvil, or Hugh Moryil's hill ; from one of that name, ſometimes
ivers on York hire-tide, Eure and Swale. © Sce Skipton in the Additi-
2 Sir Thomas Whartn
ginning
WW iy-
Caltic.
two miles from Eden it ſelf, ſtood Yertere, an ancient j7r::-c
Ambleſide, that this was the Ambog/ana mention'd by Amb»!gana,
with a ſmall Fort, and its name pab'd into Burgh ; yr 4 nw.
i. 8. a Burrow %r >
| - more.
under a ſtony Mountain. Under the later Emperours yeg..1,
4: + *
- x T YL A. % bs
OD CY DCC CC —_—_z —
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PERRY _ - . WF <> * ” WV 9 -—” -
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ATE I
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np————_ TOC — CORRECT :
409-40 o ea —_—_
—__
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—
BRIGANT ES.
> ITE ED TIE ee A
—— Ir —_— — — _ _— — ——— —
inning of the Norman Government * the Engliſh | Hard by, at Crawd:mdale-waich, there appear
t5:11d a Conſpiracy here againſt William the Con- | ditches, rampires, and great mounts of earth Calt up ,
oucrour. I durſt almoſt afhrm that this Burgh was | among which was found this Roman Inſcription,
the old Verierzg, both becauſe the diſtance on one tide | rranfcribd for me by the abovemention'd Reging/,
trom Levatre, and on the otlie: from Browemacum, it | Bainbrig Schoo! maſter ot Appleby. It was cut in a
refolv'd into Italian miles, docs exactly agree with | rough fort of rock ; but the to:e-part of it Was wort:
the number aflign'd by Antoninus ; and allo becaulz | away with age 5.
a Roman military way, till viſible by its high 1dge
QO7 apger, runs this way to Browonacum, by Avallaba, ----- ARRONIVS >
mention'd in the Nor: 2, the name whereot 13 to this - -- - EGIVS- LEG AX. Y.V.
day kept fo entire, that it plainly ſhews it t- te the | . - - AEL. LVCANVS
ſame, and leaves no grounds tor diſpute [k | For - P. LEG. IL AVG. C.
£.alabs, inſtead of Aballaba, we call it at this day, by a little | |
Apdby. Contra&tion, Apeiby. Nothing 15 memorable atout | 1. &. (as I read it) Yarronius Praefeitus legions wiceſime
ie, beſides it's antiquity and ſituation : for under the | Valents wittrics Aelins Lucanus Prefectus legi-
Romans it was the Station of the Mauri Aureliant * | 0048 ſecimde Aupuſlt e, caſirametatt ſunt ; or ſome luch
and *tis ſ:ated in a piety pleaſant field, and almoſt thing [q_. For the Legio Viceima Valons Vitirns,
encompais'd with the river Eden. © ButitisOol [5 | which quarter'd at Deva or Weit-Cheiter; as alto
litcle refort, and the buildings fo mean, that if Anti: | the Legio ſecunda Augrta, which quarter'd at I/ca or
quity did not make it the chief town of the County, | Caer- Leon in Wales ; being both derach'd againſt th3
and the Allizes © were not kept in the Caſtle, which | enemy in thele parts, feem to have tix'd lierte, and to
is the publick Gaol lor MalefaRors ; it would be but | have pitch'd their camps for fome tine : and 'tis pro-
vey little above a village [1]. For all its beauty | bable that che Officers, in memory ot it, might en-
confitls in one broad (tieet, which runs from north | grave this in the rock |r ]. When this was done, is
to ſouth up an caſie aſcent; at the head where- | hard to determine ; tho! tw mark out the time, the:
of the Caltie riles up, / almoſt entirely ſurrounded | words were engraven in large charatters, and arc
,
with the river. Ac the lower end is the Church, and ft to be fren in a rock near it, CN. OCT. COT.
a School built by Robert Lang:on and Miles Spencer COSS. Put in the Conſular 34/7: | do not find that
Doctors of Law [m ; the preſent worthy Nlaſter any two of that name weie Cont:ls together | 5s |.
whereof is Reginald Bambrigg, a very learned Gentle- | I his oblervation however I have made, that from
man, who courteoully tranſcrib'd for me 1zveral anci- | the age ot Severs to that of Gordian, and alter, the
ent Inſcriptions, and has remov'd ſome into his own | Letter A in the Inſcriptions found in this Itland,
rarden. It was not without good reaſon, that William ! wants the croſs-ſtroke, and is engrav'd thus A. ,
of Newburrow call'd this place and Burgh, ipoken of Next, Eden runs along not far trom Howpil, a Ca-
* Reis before, * Royal Forts; where he tells us that William | [tle of the Sandfords ; but the Roman military way
mwitiorer King of Scots took them by ſurpriſe, a little before | runs diretly welt through Whinſeild ( a large park u;
he himſcif was taken at Alnorick Atterwards they thick let with trees) to Brovoniacum, 20 Italian miles, '*
were recoverd by King John, who gave them to | but 17 Engliſh, from Verteres, as Antoninus has tix'd :x
John de Veter: ponte or Vipont, as a reward for his good it. He calls it allo Brocowum; as the Notitia Breco-
ſervices. | macum, from which we underſtand that the * Com: »;..
From hence the river poſts forward to the north- | pany of the Defenſores had their abode here. "Tho'
welt by Buley Caltle, belonging to the Bilhbop of | Age has conſum'd both it's buildings and ſplendour,
Carliſle | n]; and by Kirkby 7 bore, be!ow which there | yet the name is preſerv'd almoſt entire in Broughan, *:
appear the vaſt ruins of an old town : whe allo | as we call it at preſent. Here the river Fimort (which ®
Roman Coins are now and then dug up; and not runs out of a large Lake, and is for ſome ſpace the
long ago this Inf-ription : border berween this County and Cumberland ) re-
| ceives the river Loder, near the head whereof, at
DEO BELATY CAD- | Shap, formerly Hepe ( a ſmall Monaſtery buile by
RO LIB VOTY | Thomas Fitz, Geſfatrick, lon of Orm ) there is a Hel,
M. FECIT | Which like Ewripas ebbs and flows ſeveral times in a
IOLVS | Cay [t_ ; as alfo large ſtones in the form of Pyra-
| mids ( lome of them 9 foor high and 14 thick ) ft
Age has quite worn out the o!d name ; and* they | almoſt in a Girect line, and at equal diſtances, for
call it at this day // heallep-Caſile 'o . It ir might be; a mile rogether. They ſeem deliegnd to preferve
done wicthout offence to the Crittcks in Antiquity, I ' the memory of ſome Action or other ; but the injury
ſhould fay this was the GaFagum niention d by Ptole- of Time has pur it beyond all poflibilicy cf pointing
my, and calld by Antoninus Gallatum. Which con- | out the particular OcCCalion. Upon Loder, there 15 4
jetuie, as it agrees with the diſtances in the Ieinera- | place of the {zme denomination, which ( as Strrick-
ry, fois it partly tavour'd by the preſent name. For | [and not tar off) has given name to an ancient and
ſuch names as the Bricains begun with Ga#, che Eng- | f;mous tamily ' u}.
liſh curn'd into Wall. Thus Galena wes calld Wailing. ence of 7.der and Emot, was dug up (in the yea:
ford ; Gall-Szver, Wall of Sever, &c. This was, | 1602.) this itone, fet up in memory of Conſt autine 1c
without doubt, a place of confiderabie ncte; fecing Great. ;
an old cauſey (commonly call'd X{::den-way) run> I M P.
almolt di:etly trom this place to Cawoy-I'orran { near 2: is Ts Þ
the Pid{s If'all ) along mooriſh hills and mountains CONSTA.
Galiatum.
Lower Cown | wW | at the confiu-
"2
tor ſome 20 miles. Upon this, I am enclin'd to be- N TINO
lieve the old Staticns and Mzn/iczs mention'd by An: | PIENT,
toninus in his awww /ccr, to have been ictled ; tho' no AVG.
one has pointed out the particular places | py,. For
indeed how ſhould they ? when Time ( which con-| Afffeer Fixer has been for ſome ſpace the hound be:
fumes and deſtioys every thing ) has been, as it were, | tween this County and ( umberiand | X , near I{antaris!
jecding upon them tor lo many ages. |(a rock well known in the neizhbuurtood, ) which
Do —
— —_— > — — —
— — — -_ — —— - —_—
« 'Tis one of the beſt Corm-maikets in theſe Northern parte e The Aſſizes are kept in the Town-ha!l, 2nd the Thieves in +!
bridge end. # It is nor near {urrounded ; but where the r.vcr comes nor, there are bulwarks, and trenches ftanding with a
( in kis Notes up-n Nennus, p. 1334. ) thinks this corjetture well ilinftrared in an old MS. fragment in Sir Fam Cottor''s 1. 4
tnrimate fumetiieg of 2 quarrel berv. 'x* Argbroſius and Griroleiine and his for Marchantw, it Coiouelori, This he tan ies, is the ſame t:
call'd 475:7-p or Wi-./op Cattle in Weltmorland ; and he belicycs the neighb uring ruins of harchantonihy carrying "7 Ps Arthacor ws 44
chantrs ) a grcat ſupport to his opinion. Bur what if there ſhould be no (uch place as Marchantonby 7 Vis certain there's n ; fic —_ npe
this day, 2s the hanging-walls mention'd by Mr. Camden ; and "tis polible he might be abus'd in the it-ry, B "3p I 2s nip _y t, WY -—
in one of the learned D ctor's Avpendices, may be the ſame with cithcr Cora oo Oey 3 20%, 000 FPG I RT
arc manifeitly the names of men, and not ot places. ®
» © ow
« *
3 Wille: 0%
bail, Cnrtgubail, Corgualat, 01 Ca*gu{4: In the other © and
4 The Northory Englyb. 5 Or thruit out by the rao? of a trce there growm?.
= a
N ati -
* Your of it.
VWESTMO
_— -- —-
RELAND.
Jn = -— -
throws its own waters with thoſe of other rivers, in-
to Eden, a few miles below : having firſt receiv'd the
licele river Blencarne (the bound on this ſide between
Weſtmorland and Cumberland ) upon which I un-
derſtood there were the vaſt ruins of a Caſtle, call'd
the Henging walls of Marcantomby, that is ( as they
tell you j of Mark Antony.
The * firſt Lord of Weſtmorland, that I know of,
was Robert de Veteri ponts or Vipont, who bore in a
ſhield gules fix Annulets Or. For King Juhn gave him
* , the Bailtwick and revenues of Weſt morland by the ſervice
' of four Knights : whereupon the Cl:ffords, his luccel:
fors, held the Sberiffdom of Weſtmorland down to our
age. For Robert: the laſt of the Viponts, left only ewo
daughters, * Sy44l wite ot Roger Lord C!:;ford, and
In this County are '
Nature hath made of fach a difficult aſcent, with ſe-
veral caverns alſo and windings, as if the deſign'd a
retreat for the diſtrelsd in troublelome times, ) it
— - - — — —J
Idonea wife of ? Roger de Leybourne, A long while
after, King Richard 2. created Ralph de Newil or
New-Ville ( Lord of Raby, a perſon of a very noble
and ancient Engliſh Pedigree, being deſcended trom
( hurry'd on by a boundlels Ambition) violating his
duty tro Queen Elizabeth and his Country 5, tix'd an
eternal mark of infamy upon this noble tamily, cat
| a blot upon his own dignity **, and leaving his na-
| tive country, liv d and dyd very niifcrab:y in the
| Netherlands. His iſſue by the ſecond wife Katharine,
| daughter of John of Gaunt D. of Lancaſter, became fo
| famous and numerous, that almoſt at the ſame time
| there flouriſh'd of it ** the Earl of Sa/isbury, the Earl
| of Warwick, the Earl of Kent, the Maiquis of Aunta-
| cute © , Baron Latimer, and Baron Abergevenny.
26 large Pariſhes,
+ That both Ralph Meſchine;, and Hugh de Norwil, with ſome others of that family, were Lords of Weſtmorland before Robert de Vipont
Mr. Mache! has dilcover'd
mas Twfton Earl of Thanet 3 to which family it deſcended from their anceſtors the //ipents and Clifford. |
Beldes theſe, there is a great number of Chapels of caſc ; many of which arc tallen to decay,
and in the Barony ot Kendal 7.
e Ilabel.
1 710 YOEAY 1599.
* By hw former wife Margavet.
7 Sir Roger.
'* A Duke of
'' Beſide the Earl of Weſtmorland,
um m_
—— — — { —
ADDITIONS to WEST MORELAND.
{4] YN the geneggl deſcription of this Coun-
ty, Mr. Camden ſeems to have taken his
meaſures only from one part of it. For
travelling from Lancaſter, through the
Barony of Kendal, to Workington in Cumberland, he
met with little in his road, beſides great mountains
with here and there a Valley between, and fo took
an eſtimate of the whole from that part; imagining
probably, that the more ſoutherly corner was like to
be as good at leaſt, if not better than the reſt. But
had he gone direatly northward, he would have
found reaſon to change his opinion : the Barony of
Weltmorland ( commonly call d the borrom of We#t-
morland, from it's low ſituation ) being a large open
champain couucry, in length not leſs chan 20 miles,
and in breadth about 14. And fo far is it from being
wicultivated, that it affords great plenty of arable
grounds; and thoſe, good ſtore of corn, Nor do
Mores ia the northern parts ſignite wild barren
mountains, but generally Common of paſture, in op-
polition to Mountains or Fells. So that in the Baro-
ny of Kendal ( where they have moſt Mountains )
there are few or no Mores, their Commons being ge
nerally call'd Fells; and in the bottom of Weſtmor-
land there are few mountains ( except that ridge
which bounds the Country like a rampire or bul-
wark,) but very many Mores : which yet are fo far
trom being uncapable of improvement, that moſt
of them have been formerly plow'd, as the ridges
appearing do aflure us. If the whole Country there.
tore were to be deriv'd from barren mountains ; we
might ſay with more reaſon, that it had the name
trom lying weſtward of that long ridge of hills, which
Mr. Camden calls the Engliſh Apennine. As for the
ſtory of King Mariws, tho! our Author perhaps juſtly
rejzts it fo far as 'tis urg'd for giving name to this
County ; yet we muſt not be too haſty in exploding
the whole matter of fa&t as fabulous, ſince the
=: learned Primate of Armagh has laid fo much in fa-
Before we deſcend to a particular Survey, we may
obferve that the Gentlemens houſes in this County
xe large and ſtrong. and generally buile Caſtle-wile,
tor detence of themſelves, their 'Tenants, anc their
200ds, whenever the Scots ſhould make their inroads;
which before the time of King James 1. were very
CONMMmMen.
That it is divided into the Barony of Kendal, and
9 And covering treaſon under the mantle of Religion.
ie Brrony of IWe:ſtmorland, we have betore hinted.
11:21; two parts belong to wo leveral Diocrles; the
trom Records, and will prove & large in his Antiquities of this County. The preſcurt Lurd is the right honourable Uhu-
i In rhe burtom of Weitiworland arc 25.
, 4 j
40 By a:t.:zl Rebed. Mn,
Bedford.
— — _ —
former to Cheſter, the latter to Carliſle. In each we
find, with two Wards, {everal Deanries, Pariſhes, and
Conſtablewicks ; but no Hundreds : pofhbly, becauſe in
ancient times theſe parts paid no Subſidies, being
ſufficiently charg'd in Border ſervice againſt the Scots.
[b) On the ſouth ſide lies Milrbrop, the only fea- Wits
town in this County : tho' the commodities which
are imported, are brought hither only in ſmall veſſels
from Grange in Lancaſhire. And near it, Levers, Levers.
where is a fair ſtone bridge over the river Kent ; on
the fouth-ſide of which river, are ſtill co be ſeen the
ruins of an ancient round building (now call'd K;rks-
head) which is faid to have been anciently a Tem-
ple dedicated ro Diana. And not far from it, ap-
pear the ruins of another building ; which frems to
have belong'd to the ſame place. In the Park (which
1s well itord with Fallow-deer, and almoſt equally
divided by the river Kent) is a ſpring call'd che
Dropping Well, that petrifies moſs, wood, leaves, &c.
Welt trom hence lies Witherſlack, in which manour, Withe:.
not long ſince, a fair Parochial Chapel was built and
endow'd by Dr. John Barwick late Dean of St. Pauls ,
a native of the place; conſecrated by Dr. Wilkins
late Biſh. of Cheiter, June 22. 1671. and dedicated to
S Paxl. The Charity was ſo much the greater,becauſe
of its remoteneſs from Berham the Parith-Church.
| C ] Next, the river carries us to Kendal, which
Queen Elizabeth, in the 18th year of her reign, in.
corporated by the name of Aldermen and Burgeſles.
But afterwards, in the reign of King James 1. (An.
Reg. 11.) it was incorporated by the name of a
Mayor, twelve Aldermen, and ewenty tour Burgefics.
Beſides the Lords and Earls, fince our Author's time,
it hath alſo had its Dukes, which title ir gave firſt te
Charles Stuart, ( thicd fon to James Diike of York,
afcerwards King James 2. ) declar'd Duke of Kendal
in the year 1664.
[ d] Not far from hence is Water-Crceke (fo call'd
from a remarkable cooking in the river, ) where up-
on the eaſt-ſide of that river, is an old ſquare fore,
the banks and ditches whereof are ſti!l viſible. That
it was Roman, the diſcovery of Coins, broken Alrars,
and other pieces of Antiquity, will nct give us leave
to make the leaſt ſcruple of: which it our Author
had found, 'tis poſlible he might have fix'd the Ceor-
cangii rather here than in any other place ; becauſe
in the Notztia it is plac'd, as ic were, in che very
middle of the Northern Stations. For whereas bs-
eween 70k and Derwent, it Ipzaks of 1.4 Stations, ihe
Concargiz is the 7th; and the very nexe that cem?
*Ece atier
Uhcred E. of Northumberland) firſt E. of Weſtmor: £441. .
land ; whoſe poſterity * by his firſt wite AM. daughter Wetmur-
of the Earl of Stafford enjoy d this honour, till Charles, Lud.
a aca = <5
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CO ee et ee ED ES DR Ce ee ee lee i z”' VS EE CT EEE
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- Conn
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wm Sa
.* 7 - _ _—
ay %. #8 ” > . —_ :
TRY uw aac 7ST TORT | 4 Aaitc Ae AO AELL A,
— - — —
PR 1 GANTES.
atcerit are Lavaire (Bowes,) Vertere (Broup, h,) anCc Alitcle "ka & "HOLME: , on the n: NU: ide of
joey macurm (Prownam : v3 boti1 th &@ two alt in this Jeffrey. 454-1 int. is a little SP! 1ng cail'd Go ud {ike Whit: ch
the r{t upon the ed ge ar It. ; COntinually calts up imall ſilver-lixe picces Ae bl; 1g
'r:boglana , which, our Author ſays, | ſpangles : what ſhould be the cauſe, is lefe ro Nav.
: whe wel DiY 'be S at Amoieſtae, tlic "Tiit wnus Cob pri= | | ralilts ro de termine.
mea Ale Dacyrm. relided. As the name would in- | This Parith of Orton, in the year 1612. purchagd
ce 1s not 10 icck it in any othe r place; /o would | all the Tithes beivnging to the Re <QOry, with the
2 Antiquities that have been d | wer'd there, both | Advov! lon and parry of its Vicaridze, for ever,
fore and tince his time,per!{wade us to throw away | For which they pat > pounds, ſub{-rib'd by tlie
all {-ruple in this pointe, But there are ewo things ©2.7) wi to Fane _ , they commonly dig un
which ſtand in our way : the fir{t, that we are direct- | in their wet Vioiles fuch Swubrerraneors Trees as are met
ed by the Net:tz2 to feck it @d Lineam Valli; the Ie- with in ſome cther parts of England.
ond, that Mr. Caniden himſelf has {xt it at Wity- [g] Pendragon Caltle was not a beap of great ſtones, p
/ord in Cumberiand, where, without ail doubt, the in Mr. CamYen's time ; when the walls, being tour *
C ors prez to f/1a Dacorum had their abode,as appears yards in thicknefs(with battlements upon them) were
| ſeveral Inferiprions that have been tound at a ſtanding, tl! the year 1662 that the moſt noble Ia-
: diitance on the o:her {de of the rIVCT. How to dy, the Lady nm Clifford, Coiintels Dowager of
tie this two OP! inions , and Mr. Camden to Pawdrok: e. Dorſet, and Montgomery,repair d this ancient
[1 Perhaps it cannot be done houſe ot her Anceſtors , with thice more Caſtles
Rare Ex why, than by furpoling that this Ambl-fede which the had in this C ounty ; and removing tre-
ir be the chick ſt 1101 or Nanding-guarters; and quently from one to another, kept hoipitality , and
© the otlier (not 17 orford, but the Bank end ; and ditfus'd her Charity all over the Count: y.. Ls C3.
.2ps the bridpe $ £16 over the river which they file is watht on the Eaſt by the river Ed: -n; and on
e790 defend > was p fibiy the Fort aitign d them, ' the other ſides chere are great trenches, as it the tir(}
abcn thcy were Cli'd out u ,pon ©) xtraorGinary occali- builder had intended to draw the water round it.
'f:nd the Pid/o-wall, Vor we cannot imagine, ' But the attempt prov d ineitectual, from whence
ms that were Quarter d y - £ 01 purpoſe to they..have an old rhyme hereabouts
vel the Enemy, knew their pareicular Poſ/s, as well
their place and emplovments in t!;cir Camps and Let Utrr Pendragon do what he he can,
1renclhments. Ard tis Pol they might poſhbly The river Edi will run where it ran.
19h mai out by
tic will be objectd, That 1: Norzria places. [h] The Barons of 17 harten are ſtill poſſeſs'd of 1/7
'f d Limean Val: Winch yet may be fo | ron bal. Philip, the laſt Baron mention'd by our Aud
a5 not thiictly to 1mply the Lime or Track | thor, was f{ucceeded in this, Honour by Pks/zp his
Walitlet, but on'y to tine the Line of grandchild (fon of Sir Thomws his eld2it fon, who
1 ation which ſeveral Auxirartes had with | dy'd in his father's life ume) who till enjoys 1t.
were quarter d upon the (its wall. 1, Inſtead of ſaying wich our Author , that the.
Among other pieces of Antiguity dilcover'd ahout Mu/vraves were fo calld trom the towns oft th
od Work at amvlcſice, were fev-ral Medals of naine, *tis more probable the towns had their name
£09.d, ſhiver, an copper, ſome of wh ich are in that from the Family. For the name of Muſgrave 15 to
Collection which Mr. 7hormgs Rrathwate oft Amble- be reckon'd among thoſe , which have been taken
{de gave by Peed (dar do 26 Nov. 1674.) to the Li- from Offices, and "Civil or Military Honours ; and
brary ot the Univerliity of Oxtord. is of the like original as Landteraff , Markgraff ,
A littie mils north of Ambilelide, is R:dal-hall, a Burggraff, &c. among the Germans. And indeed,
convenient large ancieve houſe: in which I ordihip | this name and 17, rkproff (now ceurn'd into Marque)
- avery high Mountain call'd R:idz head, trom the are probably the ſame.The hgnitication of both is Dux
top whereot one has a large proſpect, and,ii the day Limitanexs ;5 and anciently Mnſgrave, or Mo(grave,
be clear, may fee Lancaiter-Caltls, and much ta:ther. was ali one as in orr later langu3zpe , @ Lord Warm
The Manouranciently belong d to the Family of Lan- of the Marches, Tis therefore no Compliment to
eaily, trom whom: it def nd-d in the reign ot Heen- this honourable Family, to foilt the name ( as fome
ry the Seth tO thc tonnes, WHO n we been Lords have done) into one or two Copies of Battte- zvory-
ot it ever lince ; the prejent owner being dir Damel , Roil; having enough of true cd | ngitih ho nour,
Flemmg, a great lover ot ancient I exxning,co whom | and not needing tO borrow any of 1ts uttre from
We are particularly oblig” 4 for ciara uſetul Informa- | Normans. Yet even this Opinion, if ic ſhould pr C-
tons in this County and Lzcathire. | vail, deſtroys our Author's, that the Family ot the
|| | Next, We Come tO he "Rarely of Weſtmorland, | Mu'grawes had their name from thele villapes.
wi.ercct our Author bad given a much more juſt de- k | Not far from hence, is Brough, conhilting at ;
(cripitton, by calling it an open champain Country | preſent of two good villages : Unper , otherw'l:
01 Corn-tields, Mc. adows, and Paſtures, mixt with ' Church ST whe! ce the C hurch ftandeth, whereot
Wookws, and as it we! e hemm'd Ty by a wall of high | Ruberr Felesfie!d, Founder of Queens-College im
NeOuntains 5 th an by laying, That it ſhoots out with | Oxford, was Recor ,and procur d the >ppropiiation
Wy WINGS on {CHING EL between which there are here | thereo! from King ] Ldwaid the third to the faid C ol-
reve exceeding weep wales : which very well | lege. ere aifo {tands che Caſtle of Bre ugh , and
{cis wn part t he law Gr it, but is not by any means | a tower call'd Crs rower 3 which is prob ably 11:0
app: cable to the relt. Propugnaculum our Author fpeaksot, becaute LY e C4-
The river Luxe 1ifing a little abov2 Refſendale, runs tle was in his time ro2'd to the ground (the wails of
by Lang-g:il, wheie Dr. Barlow Inte Biſhop of Lin- the Tower only remaining,) which was dy reput.c
con was born, in April 1607. Alterwards receiving by the Counteſs of Pembr roke, before: ment! "MC,
the river Birkbeck, it runs down bv a field call'd Galla- Near the bridge there is a Spaw-weil, lately dit |
ber ; where there ſtands a * red ſtone, about an el{ verd by the preſcnt Vicar of the place, the Rd
[1 oh, with ewo Crofles cut deep on one fide. The Mr.Fohn Harriſon. The other village is c:ll'd Lower:
tradition among the Inha birants, is, that formerly ic Brough from its ſituation , and Market-brovgh from 4
was thng Mereſtone between the Erng/ifh and Scots. How Market held there every Thurſday.
tiue It may be, I dare not atirm : but only obleirve [1] The next old town is Apleby, which hath feve-
that it i5 about the fame diſtance trom Scotland wes ral teſtimonies of irs ancient ſplendour, tho' at pre-
Rere croſs upon Stare-more is ; and to what end that ſent it be very much decay'd. Henry the firit gave
was erected, Mr. Camden has told us. To prevent them privileges equal to York ; that City's Charter be-
allo the Ircurfions of that people, there is an artiti- ing granted (as *ris ſaid) in the tore-noon, and t©15 in
Ci | Mount Cali'd Ca?/e-b5w, near Tebay (where is a | | the alternoon. Henry the ſecond granted them an7-
Free-fch ha endow'd by Mr...am/on, born at Rownth- | ther Charter of the like Immunitics ; and Ienry ing
2 att; who was likwile a great BenefaRor to Orron- | chird (in whoſe rime t there was an Exchequer hero *,
Churca) and anoth: $a at Groen 19;2nt; which tw O, COM - call'd Searcarium de AP! by) 4a third Which were 67
zand the two grew Roads. | 9n:V:15 ſicut Eboracum, and conlirm'd by TC JUCC220- &
4 + .
%
$
1
V1?
—
3
men of principal note, z. e. Sherifts, or the lame
23 we now call Bazliffs; and fign'd the publick
. As of the Town along with che Mayor* ; tho' at
preſent they on'y attend the body of the Mayor with
Hugh Michel Elq;z. And as the place 15 memorable
on account of this uninterrupted fucce!lion tor 1o
many ages ; fo is it alſo for the admirable Camps
which lve near it; and the Antiquities diſcover'd
+
PT
thereabouts, which (with otheis found in theſe parts)
are Carefully collected and preferv'd by Mr. Thomas
tad Sheriffs of its own,as moſt Citic+ had ; though we Machel, (brother to the ſaid Hugh , and Nymitier of
now call them Bailifts. For in the ſecond year of | K:r&kby.Thore ) in order to his intended z:t:quities of
P:n% 22 | dward the tirſt, in a contirmation-( harter to Shap- this County.
7 bbcy, we find this Subſcription , Te//e Thoma filzo | [0] What our Author has faid alſo cf the Anti- "Ke
hamns, tunc Vice-Comie de Apelby. Unleſs one thould | quities cf Kirby: thore, has been farther contiiinn'd by 2;
{i , that Hef moreland was call'd the County of Apelby, | Urns, Inſcriptions, &c. 1o that we nave no 0-cation to
or /Anc{by-[chire , as indeed Erompton (cems to inti- | £O along with him in ſtraining the o'd name It ze'p-
; Caſtle, where they are found, to fome congruity
with the old Gal/agum, by caliing it /{ healep. Nor
incced cannot be allow'd; this never appearing either
in Records or common talk : whereas, that ot /f help-
caſtle, is juitify d not oniy by both theſe , but alſo by
one I help who was Lord of this place about the Con-
guelt, and Icic the name to it.
That the old Saxon God Thor { from whom our
Thurſday 1s calld) had a Ternpie he e, is plainly im-
ply'd in the p cfent name K:rby:bive. bur writ in old
Records K:irkbythore, and lomecimes K:irkby-Th yr. Of
the manner of Worſhip, and magniticence ol the
Temple of this God Thy among the 54%. ns, we need
not be particular, becaule it is aiready done to our
hands *, But a new diſcovery having b-cn lately made * verſe.
of a curious Rarity rejating to this Idol and cone 8405 An
municated by the ingenious Mr. R:/ph Theresbyto forme 7
learned Gentlemen, for their opinion, (particularly to
Mr. Nicolſon Arch-deacon of Carliſl: ) we cannot but
obſerve ſomething of it, and of their thoughts about
it, The ſhape is this :
:wo Halberds.) Brompton makes mention of Apleby-
(hire, which ſhould ſeem to imply that at that time it
& ©
m.t7c.
t.r the Scotch-wars by degrees reduc'd it to a '
much lower condition. { In the 221 of Henry the
ſ.cond it was let on fireby them : and again, in the
1:th of Richard the ſecond. when 4 2200 Burgages
(by due computation of the Fee farm-rents ) there
remain'd not abovea tenth part, as appears by In-
quiiions in the Town-cheit. Since which, 1t never
recover'd it felf, but lay as it were diſmember'd and
{_:tt-rd one ſtrezt trom another, like ſo many feve.
- and one could not «Know, but by Re-
cords, thit they belong'd to the fame body. For
which reaton it 15, that Mr. CamJden mentions no
Bu more than Burgh gate 3 whereas Bongate, Battle-burgh,
hal P Seattergate , are all of them members of
| t1's ancient Town : and probably the Burrals alfo ;
which may be an evidence of its having been wall'd
round (that word implying Burrow-walls; ) and the |
rather, becauſe at Bath in Somerlet{hire, they call the
Tm town walls by the ſame name of Burrals. Concern-
ing the condicion and misfortunes of this place , take
this /cr:pt:on, placed in the Garden belonging to the
Schoot-houte, among!t many others of Roman anti-
quity,collected by Mr. Bainbrizg of whom our Author
| makes an honourable mention :
. i ©
Vat VIIApCS 3
iT Tf P
(#8: C þ
ABALLABA OF AMC C
} ELVIT ITVNA. FVIT
y EM. M
; V A S =
() ' x pf
e =_ — | *Tis a Coin about the bigneſs of a ſilver Groat : J#f
/- | but the beſt Daniſh Antiquaries are of oyinion, that TP
1 | no Currant money was ever minted in thefz Northern
: DEVM TIME. Kingdoms till the Runick Character was laid aſide.
' , 50 that,tho' it be true that they ſometimes meer with
: The CC. in the firſt line , is Cireumflui : the F F | Pieces pf Ser, Of, the IKE fapon With Bild Notre
: : - "S 3 p £ . bFie * . £
Fs - = fourth, Finditzs : and the Fin the end, Fuit. | , ? Gals of alt the reſt of thaw) Zaintrnuie ab
. S0 that here ws have its ſituation, its Roman Anti- _ Meet - Bs Bo hk
: quity , and the devaſtations made in it by War and |. Pa xs I Gn p 5 ns * "E = MM, Ns Coe ;, ;
1 Tef ilence 3 together wRlh we £b DA of the Markee having learnt from..our Amti ities that our Fo a —_
| tO Gi/ſhaughlim, tour or five miles north-weſt of che Pors p > ge pros Tg MY $i 01584 "IK es 08 We
town. *Tis ſaid that the preſent Earl of Thaner Ga 7 $6 et wo ants YT, wand oy SY
ods repreſented upon them im a buman face. By the/e
1 (whoſe Anceſtors on the mother's ſide,the V:ponrs and
| Ciffords, have been Lords of this Country, and flou-
nih'd at Apelby for above 480. years ) deligns to ſet
up and encourage the Cloath-working-trade in this
town,
'm] The endowment made to the School by the
two perſons mention'd in our Author, was far ſhort
k of what has been added fince by ſome modern Be-
they foretold what was to cone 3 and look: pon them as
their Tutelar Deirtes, which ( ſo long as they kept them )
would aſſure them of ſafety and proſperity. Now us pro-
bable, that this may prove one of thele Amnulers. For
the imagery gives us a human vilage witha glory fur-
rounding his head, &c. And the account which
ft Stephanizs ( with ſome others of his learned Coun- Bos,
| Ra Fo " their G bor, 1s this. That $.,,.....
nefactors ; the chief whereof was Dr. Thomas Smith | *©Y-men) haslefrus of thei God For, i U0L.""Ln0t Grammatt-
: ( in the poſture they worſhip'd him ) he had Capur <5.
the preſent Biſhop of Carliſle : who particularly, a
dong with Mr. wg Sander{on, erected _ png flamma circumdatum, &Cc. i. e hu head ſurrounded with
| * ” - > FS 4
"Ml . . wer 27/ Wh a flame like a Sun; juſt as Painters uws'd to acorn the
: Souls for the uſe of ws ——_ cop 7 heads of tbetr Gods. In hs hand they paint a Scepter, or
n] From Apleby the river carries us to Buley-Ca-
fle, which is now ſet in farm to the Muſgreves ; but (as others will have it) a golden || 097008 A delcripti- 1 Malicum,
was (no doubt) formerly a feat of the Biſhops of | 2? ſo agreeable to the figure IY wane
Carliſle, as our Author obſerves. For it is ſaid to | 2&YET have been a exact, tho 1! nad Deen COPY <
have been erated or fomnced coor by two or three from this Original. But the Runick Characters on =
. pm pengl mags: everſe put the matter beyond all dilpute : tor thele
Biſhops ; and there is {till in being, an account of R P ) Þ
ſeveral Ordinations held there. words are fairly legible ; |
Next, Eden runs to Crakenthorp hal, a plcaſant feat F#« Thur gut Luetis: 1. e.
Ontthe Ealt-ſide of ic; where the chief branch of the Thorws Det facies ( ſeu efjgies :)
: Machels (a family of good note in this Country ) The face or cffigies ot the God T bor.
ER eee ee EE EE EE —= == === - - ==> + en
v- Ay xr — --— -_ —"—_ I - une ”- wh a - = a , _ a
- Y ry, ? I tr om vr > bp > ML CER . 2 -
ty ” b HY - Mv > G ; ; py Pa SS Oe LT OOBLEILAT <5 _ ey FE PEETS w
= 0a—s emo ly wan a__ > ry =" , ©. 4 9 en. "_ _—_y— - _ ws Os. Me _—_— a i - _—
: = = of Er ee emerge SERIDAND ne __
_ <= 4) REAP eons yy ear. Re CITES bt wang. — LR®Rna£ ___rwua6mnx .
« __ '7- h « ol — __— -— > a _ _ , . .
Ren 2 n—_ Inn __ <= Ne ED It, toon ne no ren _y mm_———— =;
ns _ an —_ _ FR .
—_—— —
815
— PI On OE A ei eee -
B
RIGCLNTES
> —_—
av &. o&
If there were any occaſion for a farther illuſtrati- |
on, the figures of the Half-moon and Stars might |
ferve for a comment. For the old Gothick cot
had the fame opinion of their mighty God Thor, as |
the Phcoenicians had of their Sun, their ws ear? |
25, cus nutum Planeta reliqudque ſidera obſervabant.
This was the Deircy the old Pagan Saxons ador'd a- |
bove all other Gods. |
[
village of the Dalfons of Akernbank : fo all along by
the tide of Whinfeld-Park to Hart-horn-tree, which
may ſeem to give name to Hornby-hall , the feat 1
the Birkbecks, and to have borrow'd its own trom a
Stag which was cours'd by a ſingle Grey-hound to the
Red Kirk in Scotland, and back again to this place,
where, being both of them ſpent, che Stag leapt tt:
pales, but dy'd on the other ſide; and the Grez.
F-.} Jpon our Author's mention of the Roman | hound attempting to leap, fell, and dy'd on this 1id-
Way, it may not be unſeaſonable to give you the | Whence they nail'd up their heads upon the tre: ;
courſe of it through this County. Firſt then ic pal- |
{es through a large Camp where the ſtone oi King.
Marins formerly ſtood ; inſtead whereof there 1s
—_— erected call'd Rere-Crof. Thence through
Maillen Caſtle, a ſmall ſquare fort, in which there has
been found ſome Roman mortar : next, it runs quite
through Market-Brough, over Brough- Fair-hil, on
which there are fome rumuli, barrows, or ancient
burying-places. Then, leaving Warcop, ( a pretty
village which gave name to the Warcops) on the left-
hand, it paſſes along Sandford-moor ; and fo down a
delicate horſz-race ro Cowplandbeck brig ; where, on
the right, are the ruin'd foundaticns of a noble round
tower; and near it on the left, Ormſide-ball, the ſeat
of the ancient family of Hilrons, Then by Apleby to
and ( the dog's name being Hercules ) they made t:}:,
rhyme upon them :
Hercules kill d Hart-a-preeſe,
And Hart-a-greeſe kill'd Hercules.
In the midſt of the Park, not far from hence, is thz
three- bretber-tree ( \o call'd becauſe there were this
of them, whereof this was the leaſt ) in circumtz-
rence 13 yards and a quarter a good way from the
root, From Hart-horn-tree, the way goeth directly
weltward to the Counteſs pillar, ereted by Amne Coun
teſs Dowager of Penbroke, and adorn'd with Coar: f
Arms, Dials, &c. with an Obelisk on the top colour d
with black ; 2nd this Inſcription in braſs declarir;
the Camps upon Crackenthorp-moor ; ſo through the | the occaſion and meaning :
Down end of Kirkby-Thore, and through Sawerby, a
THIS PILLAR WAS ERECTED ANNO 1656.
BY THE RIGHT HONO. ANNE COUNTESS DOWAGER OF
PENBROKE. AND SOLE HEIR OF THE RIGHT
HONORABLE GEORGE EARL OF CUMBERLAND, &-.
FOR A MEMORIAL OF HER
LAST PARTING IN THIS PLACE =
WITH HER GOOD AND PIOUS MOTHER THE RIGHT HONORABLI
MARGARET COUNTESS DOWAGER OF CUMBERLAND.
THE SECOND OF APRIL 1616. IN MEMORY WHEREOE
SHE ALSO LEFT AN ANNUITY OF FOUR POUNDS
TO BE DISTRIBUTED TO THE POOR WITHIN THIS
PARISH OF BROUGHAM EVERY SECOND DAY OF APRIL
FOR EVER UPON THE STONE TABLE HERE BY.
LAUS
by A... this pillar the Way carries us to Brougham-
ea”. Ba va //
Alcars, and other teſtimonies. From hence the Jay |
DA,
venerable pile of ancient building ; the An-
whereof aflign'd ic by our Author, has been
onfirm'd by the diſcovery of ſeveral Coins,
D E ©.
three in the two laſt lines are according to the com-
mon way of writing, tho' otherwiſe repreſented in
our Author.
[r] Thac the calling of the Legions into thele pzrts
from their proper ſtations, might be the occaſion cf
leads us direftly to Lowther-bridge, and ſo over | theſe II, is a conjecture plauſible enough.
Emot into Cumberland.
[q] But now to return and go along with our Au-
| But what it one ſhould ſay, that chis was the p!z.e
; Which afforded the Romans a ſupply of ſtones ior
thor. The Inſcription at Crawdundalewaith i: not al- | their buildings hereabouts ; and that upon this ac-
rogether as Mr. Camden has repreſented it, being | count the Inſcriptions were left here? The truth
drawn from the very rock by the curious Mr. Machel, | of the matter of fa& appears from the ſtones dug up
in the following form :
{ AC VARROWIVS
/ AESSVS*'LEGXXVV
// AAELINCANVS _
—
1he two upper lines are cut very deep ; but the two
lower with a lighter hand, and in a much tiner and
more police Character. For which reaſon , he con-
cludes them to be different Inſcriptions; and that the
rudenefs of thecharacters in the tirſt muſt needs ar-
2ve it to be of much greater Antiquity. And what
may the more induce us to believe them wo di-
fliv& Inſcriptions , is the writing of the letter A,
whick in arron:us wants the croſs-ſtroak, and fo an: |
and therefore the effet is not always very laſting,
{wers Mr Camdens obſervation ; whereas all the
out of the Foundations at Kirkby-tbore, moſt whereot
did certainly come from hence ; and that upon thote
occaſions they us'd to leave Inſcriptions behind them,
1s confirm'd by che like inſtances both in Helbeck Scar,
| by the river Gelt ; and on Leuge-Crag near Nawar«-
| Caſtle in Gilſland, from whence they had their ſtone
| for the P;&s-wall.
\ ['s } And doubtleſs there have keen more Tetters
| here, tho' now defacd. For Mr. Mache! looking
| upon a 1cck juſt above this, to diſcover that other
| (mention'd Ly Mr. C:mCen to te m wicind 147', /
| ipy'd the lollowing one, not oblerv'd before.
EG MT AVIDX XAUv
_—
——
[ t ] Such intermittent Springs as our Author men-
tions near Shap, are no rarities in hollow and rocky
Countries ; tho” perhaps not ſo commonly obſerv'd
as they might be. The cauſe of this unconſtant
breaking out of their ſtreams, is purely forcuitors ;
n.9%
WESTMORELAND.
nor is there any ebbing-fountain at preſent to be | Lowther, has built a ſtately new houſe, in the place
heard of near Shap. of the old one ; which was a ſtrong fabrick, with
u ] The river Loder runs by Bampton, where is a | ewo fair Towers.
Ecee-ſthool built and endow'd by Dr. Fohn Sutton, an | | w] A little before Loder joyns the Emor, it paſſes
eminent Divine in his time ; and fo by a place of | by a large round entrenchment, with a plain piece
ics own name, where the Lowthers do ſtill continue. | of ground in the middle, and a paſſage into it on
The preſent poſleſlor, the right honourable Sir Fobs | either ſide ; the form whereot is this :
_
In. BR Gn EEE Aoi 4 RLINS ans 4 Ce <4. Fs. AG eds es
Z —
JY
%
><
- SS
——_
<<] NU
Tt goes by the name of King Arthur's Rownd-Table : |[montanum primum Cluſ. ? Broad-leav/d mountain Gar-
and *tis poſſible enough that it might be a Fuſting- | lick with purple flowers. In Troubeck-holm by preat
place; for which reaſon we have repreſented the | Srrickland.
two Warriours on horſe-back in the middle. How-| Biftorta minor noſtras Park. Alpina minor C. B.
ever, that it was never deſign'd for a place of ſtrength, | minima F. B. Small Biſtore or Snakeweed. In ſeveral
appears from the trenches being on the in-ſide, Near | places of thus County, as at Croiby Ravenſworth. See
this, is another great Fort of Stones, heap'd up in | Torkſbure.
form of a horſe-ſhoe, and opening towards it; call'd| Cratzogonon foliis brevibus obtuſis Weſtmorlandi-
by ſome King Arthur's Caſtle, and by others May: | cum. Eye-bright-Cow-wheat with ſhort blunt leaves. Near
burgh ( or as vulgarly Maybrough ) which probably is | Orton befide a rivulet running by the way that leads thence
but a modern name. to Crosby,
[x] Then the Loder joyns Emer, which runs by | Cerafus avium ſive Padus Theophraſti. Birds Cher-
Barton, a very large pariſh, reaching from the bounds | ry: common among the mountains as well in thus Country
of Rydal and Ambleſide on the fourth, to the river | as in Yorkſhire ; where ſee the Synonymes.
Loder on the north. They have a School well en- | Cerafus ſylveſtris fructu minimo cordiformi P. B.
dow'd by that learned and great man, Dr. Gerard | The leaft wild Heart-cherry tree, wuilgarly called the
Langbain, late Provoſt of Queen's College in Oxford, | Merry-tree. About Roſgill.
and a native of this pariſh. Chamxciſtus feu Helianthemum folio Piloſel'z
Ralph de Newil, the firſt Earl of Weſtmorland, | minoris Fuchſi F. B. ( The Pilolella minor Fuchtii
was Lord Marſhal of England in 1398. in which | nothing but Mountaim-Cudweed or Catifoot ) Hoary dwarf
name and family the honour continu'd for 6 deſcents, | mountaim Ciſtes or Holy-roſe, with Catsfoot leaves. Found
till the year 1584. From which time, it lay dead, | by Mr. Newton on ſome rocks near Kendale.
till K. James 1. in the year 1624. advancd Francs | Gentianella fugax verna ſeu prxcox. Dwarf Vernal
Fane ( as a Deſcendant of the faid New4ls ) to the | Gentian. Found by Mr. Fiz: Roberts on the backſide of -
dignity of Ea:l of Weſtmorland : whoſe poſtericy do | Helſe-fell-nab near Kendall ; as alſo in the Parks on the
{till enjoy ir, that title being at prelzne velted in the | ocher fide of Kendal on the back of Birkhog. It begins to
right honorable Vere Fane. flower m April, and contmues to flower till Fane.
Geranium batrachiodes flore eleganter variegato.
More rare Plants growing in Weſtmorland. Crowfoot Craxesbill with @ particoloured flower, In old
Deer-park by Thormbwait. Tow, though it may be but
Adiantum petraum perpuſillum Anglicum foliis | a» accidental wariety, yer w ſo ornamental to a garden,
bitidis vel trihdis. Small moſ-Maidenbair with leaves | that it deſerves to be taken notice of,
drvided mto two or three ſegments. Found by My. Newton | Geranium batrachoides montanum noltras. Moun-
and Mr. Lawſon on Buzzard rough crag near IWrenoſe. | tain Crowfoot-Cranesbill. In the bedges and among the
Dr. Plukenet m his Phytograpby hath figured thus, and m- | buſhes in the mountamous meadows and paſtures of ths
titled it Adiantum radicolum erectius, foliis imis bi- | County no leſs than im Yorkſhire.
leis, cxteris vero integris tenuiflime crenatis : di#in- | Filix faxatilis caule renui fragili. Adiantum album
guſhing it from that found by Mr. George Daire near Tun- | folio Filicis f. B. Scone Fern with ſlender brittle ſtalks
bridge tz Kent ; which be calls Adianthum radicoſum | and finely-cut leaves. On old ſtone walls and rocks plenti-
globuliferum, humi ſnarſum. 1 am now of opinion, | fully.
that neither of them are any ſpecies of Adiantum, bur Filicula petrza criſpa ſeu Adiantum album flori-
meer m0{jſes. ' dum perelegans. Small flowering Stone-fern. At the
Allium fylveſtre amphicarpon, foliis porraceis, flo- botrom of ſtone walls made up with earch i Orton-pariſh
ribus & nucleis purpureis. An Allium feu Moly . and other places plentifully. S N
ti Fil
—
$19
BRIGANTES,
Filix ramoſa minor F. B. Saxatilis ramoſa, nigris
pun&is notata C. B. Pumila ſaxatilis prima Cluſi
Park. Dryopteris Tragi Ger. The leſſer branched fern.
On the ſides of the mountams, in ſhady places eſpecially.
Gladiolus lacuſtris Dortmanni Cls/. cur. poſt. Leu-
coium paluſtre flore ſubcceruleo C. B, Gladiolus la-
cuſtris Cluſii ſive Leucoium paluſtre flore cceruleo |
Bauhini Park. Water Gladiole. In a pool call'd Huls-
water, and in Winander-mere plentifully.
Gramen ſparteum ſpica toliacea graminea majus
P. B. Graſs upon graſs, In an Iſle cal”d Houſe-holm in
Huls-water.
Gramen juncoides lanatum alterum Danicum Park.
Item Gr. junceum montanum ſpica ſubcarulea Cam-
bro-Britannicum eju/dewm. Juncus Alpinus cum cauda
leporina F. B. Alpinus capitulo lanuginoſo five
Scheenolaguros C. B. Hares-taih-ruſh or Moſi-cropr. On
Moſſes and boggy places.
Helleborine minor flore albo Park. The leſſer white
flower'd baſtard Hellebore. In Sir fohbn Lowther's Wood,
direftly again#t Askham hall.
Hieracium fruticoſum latifolium glabrum Park.
The [moother broad leaw'd buſhy Hawkweed. Near a
Lake call'd Huls-water.
Hieracium macrocaulon hirſutum folio rotundiore
D. Lawſon. An Hierac. fruticoſum folio ſubrotundo
C. B. Rownd-leav\d rough Hawkweed with a long ſtalk.
By Buckbarrow-well in long Sledale.
Hieracium a+=]::woy hirfutum folio rotundiore
D. Law/on. On the rocks by the rroulet between Shap and
Amnna-well.
Juncus parvus calamo feu ſcapo ſupra paniculam
compatam longius produfto Newtons. Small ruſh with
the ſhaft produced to a great length above its compatt pa-
micle. Not far from Ambleſide.
Juniperus Alpina F. B. Cluſ. Park. Mountain dwarf
Tuniper, called by the Country people Sawine , as well bere
as in Wales. Upon the topsgpf the Mountains.
Lilium convallium angultifolium D.Lawſon. Nar-
row-leav'd Lilly-convally. By Water-fall-bridge and elſe-
where im thu County.
Meum Ger. vulgatius Park. foliis Anethi C.B. Meu
. ©. —”_
vulgare, ſeu Radix urſina F. B. Common Spignell oy
Meu. About two miles from Sedberg in the way to Orc,
abundantly in the meadows and paſtures, where it u know»
to all the Country people by the name of Bald-money, or ( 1;
they m—_ it) Bawd-money, the reaſon of which name
I could not fiſh out.
Oxalis ſeu Acetoſa rotundifolia repens Eboracen(::
folio in medio deliquium patiente Mori. Hi. Rownd.
leav'd Mountain-ſorrel. Obſeru'd by Mr. Lawſon on 1;
Mountams of thu County ; and by Mr. Fitz.-Koberts «;
' Long Sledale near Buckbarrow-well , and all along the oy
wulet that runs by the Well for a mile or more Thu ne-
te degenerates into the common Reman or French Syy.
rel.
Perſicaria filiquoſa Ger. Noli metangere 7.B. Mer.
curialis ſylveſtris, Noli me tangere dia , five Perſi-
Caria ſiliquoſa Park. Balſamine lutea, ſive Noli me
tangere C. B., Codded Arſmart , Quick in hand, Touch
me wot. I obſery/d it growing plentifully on the bank:
of Winander-mere near Amble 3, » and in many other
places.
Rubia ereRta quadrifolia F. B. Crof-wort-madde
Near Orton, Winander-mere, and elſewhere in thu Count)
plentifully.
Salix folio laureo ſive lato glabro odorato P. B Bay-
leav'd ſweet Willow. Frequent by the river-ſides in ths
meadows among the Mountains.
Tormentilla argentea Park, Alpina folio ſericec
C. B. Pentaphyllum ſeu potits Heptaphyllum ar.
enteum flore muſcoſo F. B. Pentaphyllum petro-
um, Heptaphyllum Cluſii Ger. Vera & genuina Al.
chymillz ſpecies eſt. Cinquefoi! Ladies-mantle. On th:
rocks by the ſide of the Lake call'd Hul-water, or as ſome
write it Ulles-water.
To theſe I might add, Lunaria minor ramoſa, &
Lunaria minor foliis diſſeRtis ; That #, branched Moon.
wort, and cut-leavd Moon-wort , both obſery'd by Mr.
Lawſon at great Strickland ; though they be ( I ſuppoſe )
but accidental warieties.
Vicis Idza magna, five Myrtillus grandis F. B. The
great Billberry Buſh. In the foreſt of Whinfield. Mr.Law-
| [on
CUMBERLAND.
Efore Weſtmoreland, to the Weſt js ſtretch- |
The South part of this County is call'd Cope/and Copeland
ed out Cumberland, in Latin Cumbria, the | and Coupland, becauſe it rears up its head with ſharp
fartheſt County in this part of England, | mountains, call'd by the Britains Kopa or (as others
as bounding upon Scotland to the North,
encompals'd by the Iriſh-ſea on the South
and Weſt, and onthe Eaſt, above Weſt-
moreland, bordering _ Norchumberland. The
name it had from the Inhabitants; who were the true
and pgenuine Britains, and call'd themſelves in their
own language Kumbri and Kambri, For that the Bri-
tains, in the heat of the Saxon wars, poſted them-
ſelves here for a long time, we have the authority of
our Hiſtories, and of Marianus himſelt,whocalls this
County Cumbrorum terra, i. e. the Land of the Cum-
bri. Not to mention the many names of places pure-
ly Britiſh ; ſuch are , Caer-luel , Caer-dronoc, Pen-rith,
Pen-rodoc,&c.which are a plainevidence of che thing,
and a pregnant proof of my aſſertion | a}.
The Country, tho' the Northern ſituation renders
it cold, and the Mountains, rough and uneven, has
yet a wariety which yields a proſpe& very agreea-
ble *. For after * ſwelling rocks, and the crowding
mountains, big ( as it were) with Metals, ( between
which are Lakes ſtor'd with all forts of wild Fow],)
you come to rich hills cloath'd with flocks of ſheep,
and below them are ſpread out pleaſant large plains,
which are tolerably fruicful. The Ocean alſo, which
beats upon this ſhore, affords great plenty of the beſt
fiſh,and as it were upbraids the Inhabitants with their
:dlenefs, in not applying themſelves cloſer to ihe filth: |
ing trade.
| will have it) Copeland, as if one ſhould ſay, Copperland,
from the rich veins of Copper. In this part , at the
ſandy mouth of the river Duden, by which it is divi-
ded from Lancaſhire, is Millum, a Caſtle of the an- wir
cient family of the Hodleſtons { b ]. From whence &**
the ſhore wheeling to the North, comes to Raveng/as, rurrrs
a harbour for ſhips, and commodiouſly ſurrounded
with ewo rivers; where (as I have been told) were
found Roman Inſcriptions. Some will have it for-
merly call'd Aven-glas,as it cne ſhould ſay, an | azwme +Cx
sky-colour'd river ; and tell you abundance of ſtories
about one King Eveling, who had his Palace here.
The one of theſe rivers, F5k, riſes at the foot of Hard: 1! i
knott, a ſteep ragged mountain ; on the top whereot
were lately th up huge ſtones and the foundation of
a Caſtle, not without great admiration, conſidering
the mountain is ſo ſteep that one can hardly get up
it [c|, Higher up, the little brook Jr runs into the 7
Sea ; wherein the ſhell-fiſh, gaping and eagerly ſuck-
ing in its dewy ſtreams, conceive and bring forth _
Pearls , or ( to uſe the Poet's name ) Shell-berries CIT
Theſe the Inhabitants gather up at low water ; and
the Jewellers buy them of the poor pecple for a trifle,
but fell them at a good price. Of theſe and ſuch
like, Marbedews ſeems to ſpeak in that verſe ot his:
Gignit & mſignes antiqua Pritarnia baccas.
And Britam's ancient ſhores great Pearls precuce
— —— _— ——
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went-fells, wherein at Newlands and other places,lome
:- Egremont-Caſtle, upon a hill, formerly the ſeat of Wil-
' beſtow'd it, to hold by one Knight's Service, who ſhould
' be ready upon the King's Summons to ſerve in the wars of
Percy of Egremont.
| litle; and (as appears by the ruins ) has been for-
- 'Tis very probable that the little village Moresby,where
's Hay-Caſtle, which I ſaw in the neighbourhood, very |
CUMBE
———xc=_-- -- -
& £12
—_—_—
From hence , the ſhore runs by little and little to
the weſtward, and makes a ſmall Promontory, com-
monly call'd S. Bees,inſtead of S. Bega. For Bega, a pious
and religious Iriſh Virgin, led a ſolitary life there :
and to her ſanity they aſcribe the Miracles of ta-
ming a Bull, and of a deep Snow that by her Prayers
jell on Midſummer-day, and cover'd the valleys and
tops of mountains [e]. Scarce a mile from hence is
liam de Meſchines, upon whom King Henry the firſt
I'ales and Scotland. He lett a daughter, the wife of
William Fitz-Duncan , of the Blood-Royal of
Scotland ; by whoſe daughter alſo the eſtate came
co the family of the Lucies : and from them by the
Moltons and Fitz-Walters, the title of Egremont de-
{cended to the Radcl:iffs Earls of Suſſex. Notwith-
{tanding , * Th. Percy by the favour of King Henry
-hs ſixth, enjoy'd that title for ſome time, and was
lumnmon'd to Parliament by the name of Thomas
From S- Bees the Shore draws it felf in by little and
tify'd by the Romans in all ſuch places as were con-
venient for landing. For this was the utmoſt bound
of the Roman Empire ; and the Scots, when like
ſome deluge out of Ireland they pour'd in upon our
[land,met with the greateſt oppoſition upon this coaſt.
is now a harbour for ſhips, was one of theſe Forts.
There are many remains of Antiquity about it in the
Vaults and Foundations of Buildings ; ſeveral Caverns
which they call Pi&#s-holes ; ſeveral pieces of ſtones
dug vp with Inſcriptions. Upon one of them is
LVCIVS SEVERINVS ORDINATVS. Upon a-
nother COH. VII. And I faw this Altar Tout 197 ig
up there, with a horned little image of Silvanw.
DEO SILV AN---
COR IL LEN-G
CVI PRAES-..
G. POMPEIVS M-+--
SATVRNIN----
As alfo this fragment, which was copy'd out and
ſent me by Mr. J. Fletcher, Lord of the Place.
© woo co © © © ©
But there has been none yet found to encourage
one to believe that this was the Morbium , where the
Equites Cataphra&ariiquarter'd ;tho' the prefent name
| tho' diſcover'd a good while before, as appears from
the Cloſe Rolls of Henry the third, ».18. About theſe
there was a memorable Trial between our moſt Se-
rene Queen Eliz,beth, and Thomas Percie Earl of Nor-
thumberland and Lord of the Manour ; but by vir-
tue of the Royal Prerogative ( it appearing that
there were alſo veins of gold and ſilver ) it was car- Vcivs of
ry'd in favour of the Queen. $o far js it from being #119."
true, what Cicero has faid in his Epiſtles to Atticus,
Tu well known that there is not ſo much as a prain of
filver in the Tland of Britam. Nor would Czlar, if he
had known of theſe Mines, have told us that the Bri-
tains made uſe of imported Copper ; when theſe and
ſome others afford ſuch.plenty, that not only all
England is ſupply'd by them, but great quantitiesex-
ported yearly. ere is alſo found abundance of that
Mineral-earth or hard ſhining Stone, which we call
and f ſhading ſuch pieces as they do in black and f "tot
white. Which whether it be Dioſcorides's Pnigitis, or ET
Melanteria, or Ochre; a fort of earth burne black,
15 a point I cannot determine , and fo ſhall leave it
to the ſearch of others. The Derwent falling through
theſe mountains, ſpreads it ſelf into a ſpacious Lake ,
calld by Bede Pregrande ftagnum, i.e.a vaſt pool, where-
in are three Iſlands ; one, the ſeat of the famons fa-
mily of the Ratcliffs, Knights *; another inhabited by
German Miners ; and a third ſuppos'd to be that
wherein* Bede tells us St. Herber: led a Hermit's life.
Upon the fide of this, in a fruitful field, encompaſs
with wet dewy mountains , and protected from the
north-winds by that of Skiddaw, lyes Keſwick, a little K-Gvic.
market-town, formerly a place noted for Mines (as
appears by a certain Charter of Ed'+ ard the fourth)
and at preſent inhabited by Miners 7. The privilege
of a Market was procur'd for it of Edvard the firit
by Thomas of Derwent water, Lord of the place, from
whom it hereditarily deſcended, to the Rarcliffs [f}.
The Sk:iddaw I mention'd, mounts up almoſt to the Skiddaw,z
Clouds with its two tops like another Parnaſſus, and 'Y "8h
views Scruffelt, a mountain of Anandal in Scotland, Anandal.
with a fort of emulation. From the Clouds riſing up
or falling upon theſe two mountains, the Inhabitants
judge of che weather, and have this rhyme common
amongſt them :
If Shiddaw hath a cap,
Scruffel wots full well of that.
As alſo of the height of this and two other mountains
in thoſe parts :
Skhiddaw, Lauwellin, and Caſticand,
Are the higheſt hills in all England.
From thence the Derwent, ſometimes broad and
ſometimes narrow, rowls on to the Noith in great
haſte, to receive the river Coker. Which two rivers
leems to imply it. Nor muſt I omit the mention of
venerable for its antiquity z and which the Inhabi-
tants told me belong'd formerly to the noble families
of Moresby and Diſſmton.
After this, the river Derwent falls intothe Ocean ;
which riſing in Borrodale ( a Vale {urrounded with
crooked hills) runs among the mountains call'd Der:
ich veins of Copper, not without a mixture of Gold
and Silver , were found mm our age by Thomas Thur
ind and Daniel Hotchſtetter a German of Auſpurg ;|
at their meeting almoſt ſurround Cokarmonuth, a popu- Cota:
lous well-traded market-town, where is a Caſtle of 99k
the Earls of Northumberland.”Tis a town neatly built,
but of alow ſituation between two hills : upon one 1s
theChurch;and upon the © other over againſt it,a very
{trong Caſtle, on the gates whereof are the Arms of
the Moltons, Humfranvills, Lacies, and Percies. Over
againſt this , on the other ſide of theriver, || at lome | ad ate- |
two miles diſtance, are the ruins of an old Caſtle , rum milliz-
call'd Pap-caſtle, the Roman Antiquity whercot is ©
atteſted by ſeveral Monuments. Whether this 1s che
Guaſmoric ; which Ninnius tells us King Guortigern Guifmoric.
—
« The people thereabours call it add. It is much us'd in cleanſing ruſty
i Mine of
Armour, having a particular virtue for that purpoſe. 'Tis (aid there is
it in the Weſt-Indies ; but there's no need of importing any; for,as much may be dug here in one year as will ſerve all Europe for ſeveral
Years. By the deſcriptions which the ancient Naturalifts | ae us of their Pnigits, it does not ſeem, as if that and our Black-lead were the fame .
for theirs agree better with the compoſition of that black
alk mention'd by Dr. Plott (Nat. Hiſt. of Oxford(h. p. 56, 57.) It may perbaps be al-
low'd to fall rather under the Catalogue of Earths, than either Metals or Minerals. But then, as Ruddle is ack gong ro be an Earth ſtrongly im-
pregnated with the Steams of hon ; ſo is this with thoſe of Lead : as may be made out from irs weight, colour, &c. |
ives ir the name of Nigrica fabrilis ; telling us, that it wanted a true one, till he beſtow'd this on it at Keſwrck. And he further
Nat. p. 218.)
ts, that *tis the liar produ&t of Old and New Englan * King Ja
beriand, Baron of Tindale, Vicount Ratcliffe and Langley, and Earl of Darent-water. *T ;
th on the ſame day , hour, and minute, &c. we have at large in Bede
ted in anold Inſtrument of one of the Biſhop ot Carliſle's Regiſter-Books, whereby Themas de Apulby (Biſhop
Vicar of Croſthwait to ſay a yearly Maſs in St. Herbert's Ie, ou the thirteenth of April , in commemorarion of
his Paſhioners as ſhall religiouſly attend that Service. Regelt. Tho. de Apul. p. 261.
77, their endearmenrs at Carliſle, their
> Cuthb, c. 28.) All which arere
* that See, A. D. 1374.) requires t
theſe rwe Saints ; and grants forty days Indulgence to ſuch of
Merret (in his Pinax Rer.
mes 2. (An. regni 3.) created vir Francis Ratcliffe of Dil/ton in Northum-
be ſtory of St. Herbert's great familiarity with St. Cur
Eccl. Hitt. |. 4@ c. 29. & Vir.
© This 5 evidently an artificial Mount caft up on purpoſe to give a better proſpett to the Caſtle.
* L;'r Thomas.
2 Woo have here their ſmelting-houſe by Derwent-ſide, which with his forcible ſtream and their ingenuous inventions, ſerver
nem in uuca6!e ftead for eafie b:Uaws works, hammer works, forge works, and ſawing of boords, nos without adrnirasion of theſe that behold it.
built
a
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re GD OD Oe ee ah et ene li ES
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built near Lugaballia, and that it was by the old| generation) to which uſe it is now employ 'd 2:
Saxons call'd Palm-caftle, I wiil not determine. Here, | Bridk;rke (1.e. the Church of St. Bridget ) hard by
among other Monuments of Antiquity, Was found a | it, | cannot lay. Only, we read that the Fonts wete !...
large open veſſel of greenilh ſtone, with ſeveral little | anciently adorn'd with the piQtures of Holy Mex,
images curiouſly engraven upon it: which, whether | whoſe Lives were proposd as a pattern to fuch a;
G fabrake oat Was an Ewer to walh in, or a Font (call'd by S. Au:
ap
RhtUT-1IF
But what they mean, and to what nation they [
belong, let the learned determine, tor 'tis all myſtery
t» me. 'The ty{t and the eighth are not much un-
like that, whereby from Conſtantine the Greats time
the Chriſtians expreſsd the name of Chriſt. The
reſt, in ſhape not in power, come nearelt to thole upon |
the comb of Gormon the Daniſh King ac lelimg in!
Denmark, which Petrus Lindebergius publiſhd in
the year 1591. [g |.
The places laſt mention'd, with the fourth part of
the Barony of Egremond, Wigton, Leuſewater, Aſpatric, |
[
Uldal, &c. were the large inheritance of Mawd Lucy, |
heir of Anthony Molton or de Lucy her brother ; which |
ſhe gave to Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland, |
her husband. For tho' ſhe had no ilſue by him, yer |
ſhe lefr the family of the Percies her heir, upon con-
dition they ſhould bear the Arms of the Lucies, name-
Arms of the ly, Three pikes or Lucy-fiſh in a field gules, quarterly
ra with their own : or, to uſe the words of the original
* - Inſtrument, Upon condition of bearing ber Arms in a
field gules three Pikes or Lucies, quarter'd with thoſe
* Per finem of the Percies Or, a Lion azure ; * and the condition
os enforcd by a Fine.
Aker theſe rivers ars united, the Derwent falls into
Wirkinton. the fea at Jirkinton, famous for Salimon-tiſhing. 'Tis
now the ſeat of the ancient family of the Curwens
Knights, deſcended from Geſfparrick Earl of Northum-
Cuveny,s berland 3 who took this name, by covenanc, from Cul-|
Curwen, wen a family of Galloway, the heire(s whereof they |
had marryd. Here they have a moſt ſtately caſtle.
like feat ; and from this family (excuſe me from va-
nity ) I my ſelf am deſcended by the mother's ſide.
Some are of opinion, that for about four miles !
Under #o- from hence, Stilico 5 made a Wall in ſuch places '
norus ant as WETE CONVenient for landing, when the Scots from |
Ireland infeſted this coalt. For thus Claudian makes
Britain ſpeak of her felt :
|
|
|
Me quoque wicins pereuntem gentibus, inquit,
Munrvit Stulics, Totam cam Scotus Hibernem
Mowit, © infeſto ſpumavit remige Thets.
— - — — _- —
were baptiz'd * Beſide the pictures, there are the:
"EY : | ; . X
JO” ſtin Sacrarium Regenerations, the lacied Lavec of Re- | {ſtrange Characters viſible upon it.
FOO SAMMY HHHMTHOMMUMGAAN TAHOMA HUH MUM
KRDY \REX't
3ÞRAREDBRFID
| rough, 1. &. a burrough upon the Elem, where the firſt”
DODDIDS
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And I ſhall ever own his happy care,
Who ſav'd me ſinking in unequal war :
When Scors came thundring from the [iſh ſhores,
And th' Ocean trembled, ſtruck with hoſtile oars.
And thus, pieces of broken walls continue to the
mouth of Elen, now El/ne; which witkin a little of its
head hath Iwwby, a conſiderable market. I am of
opinion, this was the Arbeza where the Barcari Ti. 4
orienſes were gariſon'd, At its mouth it has Elenbor. ©
C
Cohort of the Dalmatians, with their Commander,
were gartiſon'd *. It was ſituated on a pretty high
hill, from whence is a large proſpe into the Irith-
ſea ; but now Corn grows where the Town ſtood.
Yet chere are ſtill plain remains of it; the old Vaults
are open'd, and ſeveral Altars, Stones with Inſcripti-
ons, and Statues, are dug up. Theſe, that worthy
Gentleman Mr. 7. Sinbows ( in whole Fields they are
dug up ) keeps very religiouſly, and has plac'd them -
regularly in his houſe-walls. In the middle of the
yard, there ſtands a beautiful ſquare Altar of red
ſtone, the work whereot is old and very curious ;
'tis about five toot high, and the charaRters upon it are
exceeding fair. But take the figure of it on all ſides, as
it was curiouſly drawn by Sir Robert Cotton of Conning-
ton Ke, a great admirer of Antiquities; when he
and I, with a deſign to illuſtrate our native Country,
took a ſurvey of theſe parts in the year of our Lord
1599. not without the greateſt ſatisfaction to our
ſelves. I could not but make an honourable menti-
on of the Gentleman I juſt now ſpoke of; nor only
becauſe he entertain'd us with the utmoſt civility,
but alſo becauſe he has a great veneration for Anti-
quities (wherein he is well skilPd,) and with great
diligence preſerves ſuch Inſcriptions as theſe, which
by other ignorant people in thoſe parts are preſently
broke to pieces, and turn'd to other uſes, to the great
damage of theſz ſtudies.
es
— — —— I— — = - — - —
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$ 4; [aif® Pontius Paulinus, For in the firft plantation of Chriſtianity among the Gentiles, fricr only as were of tu] arts, aAtrer they were inftrucs
4 | _ * ” . ' f, " [ Fr 20 - - - ' 4 's LL. F
ea in tHe principles of Chy i [t1an Religion, were NEIPEL ro Bap: I'W ; a: that but fwice 11 ine year, *7 6 nſter mid © 03 j0nt'iie, EXP? pon ge os
. 4 z , 0 «
neceſſity. At WI): FI: (i me, they WOZIk P72 were ro bc 64ap1ni2 Aa. Were arriyr d 1M wh: p garments £Z9rcizo 7 £1 [uffled, Wi! Hh 1114 . (PAM)! "3.0 w;,* ?
leave to the learn'd in Chr:ft;an ANTI qUITIES. s Tre potent Commander in ;he Roman State. 6 The nea» reſemblance of the name Elenboro's$?
__ * [ 7 ; ” . 4 + 4 . Y ” '
with Olenacum, were tie firs? Herculean Wing lay an garrijon in the time of Theodohius the your 7er, is [omic motive tg think that thu ws 7.
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Olenacum ; but yet / dare not affirm it.
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In the Inſcription every thing's plain : only in the | Fovi Optimo Maximo. Ala Auguſta ob virtutem appella-
laſt line but one ET and XDES have two letters | ta, cus preeft Publius eAlius, Publii filins Sergia
Pyn'd in one. At the bottom 'tis imperfect, pofli-| Magnus de Murſa ex Pannonia inferiore Prefett us.
bly to be reſtor'd thus, DECVRIONVM ORDI-| Aproniano ( & tortaſſe) Bradua Conſultbus.
NEM RESTITVIT, &c. Theſe Decuriones were
1. the ſame in the Mwnicipia that the Senators were at | The third Altar, inſcrib'd to the Local Deity Bela- Under Cem-
Rome and in the Colonies. They were fo called | rucadrus, is thus to be read : —_—
trom Curia the Court, wherein they preſided ; from | our Lord
whence alſo they were nam'd Curiales, as having the | Belatucadro Fulius Civilis Optio, id eſt, Excubiis Pra- '93:
management of all Court or Civil affairs. fetus, wotum ſolvit libens merito.
On the back-ſide of this Altar, and the upper edge
of it, you ſee there is VOLANTII VIVAS. Which | The fourth is very fair, and has nothing of difficul-
two words perplex me; and I can make nothing of | ty in it. *Tis to be read thus :
them, unleſs the Decuriones , Equites, and the Plebs
(of which three the Municip:um conſiſted) erected it | Diis, Deabuſque Publius Poſthumius Acilianus Prefet us
to G. Cornelius Peregrinus ( who reſtor'd the Houſes, | Cobertis prime Delmatarum.
Temples, and the Decurio's [ mention'd in this Infcrip-
= tion ; ] and this generous perſon liv'd at Volantium.| Such Altars as theſe (for we may make our obſer-
From which I would conclude ( if allowance might | vations upon thoſe Rites, tho' Chriſtianity, that moſt
be made for a conjecture ) that this place was former: | holy Religion, have aboliſh'd them ) as alſo their
ly call'd Volamtium. Underneath it, are engraven fa-| victims and themſelves too, they us'd to crown with
crificing-In{truments, a ſort of axe and long chop- | garlands; to offer frankincenſe and wine at them, to
ping knife. On the left-ſide, a mallet and a jugg : | ſlay their ſacrifices, and to anoint the very Altars. Gerrile
0n the right, a patera or goblet, a diſh, and a pear | Of the extirpation whereof, upon the prevailing of *'**
(if I apprehend it aright,) cho' others will have it to | Chriſtianity, thus Prudentizs :
t a Holy-water-por. For theſe were the veſſels us'd
n their ſacrifices ; beſides others, ſuch as the Cruer, | Exercere manum non penitet, © Lapis illic
®, Cen/er, the Open pot, the Miter, &c. which I oblerv'd $1 ſtetit antiquiss, quem cingere ſueverat error
to be engraven upon ſome other Altars in thoſe parts. | Faſciol:s aut galling pulmone r1igare,
' The fecond Altar expreſs'd here, was dug up at Old-| Frangitur.
Carlile, and is now in the houſe of Mr. Barhouſe at | Nor ſpar'd they pains if thus their zeal they ſhow'd,
'&. Ir had many Ligatures or connexion of Let-| If in their way ſome ancient Alcar it ood,
os whki.h ; 6 Ty Ot d kt itt ribb d { 1 k] d Mi itt b! d
, which the Engraver has given you pretty exactly. te deckt with ribbands, ſprinkled olt wich blocd,
It ems to b2 read thus: Down went the ſacred {tone
_
Fit At
uy A 46.0 8 Ar ol CR ES ESL. £4 WETTED ET $a
= 04 = Ja
BRIGANTES,
At the ſame place I ſaw alſo the following Inſcriptions :
IVLIA
IE ie bÞ 6
ALL E401 0DXX- I
There is alſo a Stone very curiouſly engraven 7, upon which are two winged Gen: ſupporting a Garland,
ig this manner :
i. E. Viftorie Auguſtorum Dominorum noſtrorum.
Afffer the Shore has run a little way dire&ly from | ceives the little aver, encreas'd by the Wize,a ſmall
hence, ic bends in fo with a winding and crooked | river, at the head whereof the melancholy ruins of
Moricambe zſtuary or bay, that it ſeems to be the Moricambe, | an ancient City ceach us, That nothing in this world
which Ptolemy fixes hereabouts : ſuch an agreement | is out of the reach of Fate. By the neighbouring [n-
is there berween the nature ofthe place and the | old} | habicants it is call'd 0/4 Carliſle ; bur what its ancient
name. For this zſtuary is crook?d , and AMoricambe | name ſhould be, 1 know not, unleſs it was the Ca#th ....
ſignifies in Britiſh a crooked Sea. Upon this is the 4b- | Exploratorum. The diſtance in Antoninus (who gives p=
bey of Ulme, or Holme-Cultrain, founded by David the | us the molt conſiderable places, but does not always **
firſt, King of Scotland : but Ylfey, a Fortreſs hard | go to them by the ſhorteſt cut) both from Bulgimn
and Lugu-vallum anſwers very well. For ſpying ot an
Holme
Cuirraine.
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by, was built by the Abbots for the ſecuring of their
Books and Charters againſt the ſudden incurſions of
| tor *tis ſeated upon a high hill which commands 4
the Scots. Here, they ay, are {till preferv'd the
Magick Books of Michael Scot, but now mouldering to
duſt. He was a Monk of this place about the year
1290. and apply'd himfelf fo cloſely to the Mathe-
maticks, and other abſtruſe parts of Learning, that he
was generally lookt upon as a Conjurer: and a vain
credulous temper has handed down I know not what
Miracles of his. Below this Monaſtery, the bay re-
Enemy you could not have a more convenient place;
free profpett all round the Country. However, 'tis
very certain, that the Ala or Wing (upon the account
of its valour nam'd Auguſta and Auguſta Gordiana ) ,
quarter'd here in the time of Gordianus; as appeals ;;
by choſe Inſcriptions which I ſaw in the neighbour-
hood :
————_—_
- - oE<_—
4 $o call'd from a ſma!! Chapel there dedicated to $. H:{aa.
3 And erefies for ſome Viory of the Emperenr;.
It Bulnef, and tho' it is but a very ſmall village, yer
PRO SALVTE IMPERATORIS
M ANTONI GORDIANTI P. E.
INVICTI AVG ET SABINIAE TR
LAI LISOIELI Add d Ae, EIVS TO
TAQVE DOMV DIVIN EORVM A
LA AVG. GORDIA OB VIRTVTEM
APPELLATA POSVIT: CVI PRAEST
AEMILIVS CRISPINVS PRAEF.
EQQ. NATVS IN PRO AFRICA DE
TTEFDRO SYBCYERENOSNNTI TH
LIPPI LEG. AVG- PROPRETO-----
LF ETECO EO EATHEA LS + U HnClrif
COS2 £ ;
And the Altars were brought from hence, which are
ſet up in the High-way at Wigton, on the ſides where-
of one ſees a Simpulum, a Fuſile, a Mallews,a Patera,oCC.
Gacrificing veſſels : but Age has fo entirely wore out
the Inſcriptions, that there is no appearance of Let-
ters. And not far from hence, upon the Military way,
was dug up a Pillar of rude ſtone , now to be ſeen
by. at Thoresby with this Inſcription? :
=
OEM > ONttz
—-_
This alſo among others was copy'd out for me by
Oſwald Dykes, a very learned Divine, and is now at
Wardal, the ſeat of his brother T. Dykes, a very wor-
thy Gentleman:
tion ;
DEO
CEAT IQ AF-x
ERNEST RY
ERVREACEHFUE PRO
SET 5 V3 v.09
L L. M.
Beſides theſe, an infinite number of little Images,
Statues on horſeback, Eagles, Lions, Ganymeds, with le-
below which is a large arm of the Sea, at pom the
boundary of England and Scotland, but formerly of
the Roman Province and the Pics. Upon this little
Promontory is that old Town Blatum- Bulgium ( pol
ſibly from the Britiſh Bulch, ſignifying a partition or
drvorce) from which, as the moſt remote place and
the limit of the Province of Britain, Antoninus be
Bins his I:inerary. The Inhabitants at this day call
22. has it a Fort, and ( as a teſtimony of its antiquity)
beſides the tracks of ſtreets and pieces of old walls, it
has a harbour, now choakt up ; and they tell you
——
from hence as far as Elenborrow [h}]. A mile beyond
this (as appears by the Foundations at low water) be.
"m1 the Pi#s wall, that famous work ofthe Romans,
ormerly the bound of the Province, and built to
keep out the Barbarians, who in thoſe parts were (as
one expreſſes it) continually * barking and ſnarling at * Circum-
the Roman Empire. I was amaz'd at firſt, why chey #avcrunr:
ſhould be fo careful to fortitie this place, when tis
fenc'd by a vaſt arm of the Sea, that comes up fome
eight miles ; but now I underſtand how at low-watec
'tis ſo ſhallow, that the Robbers and Plunderers made
nothing of fording it. That the tigure of the Coalt
hereabours has been alter'd , app-ars plainly from
roots of Trees cover'd over with Sand ac a good di-
ſtance from the ſhore , which are commonly diſco-
ver'd when the Tide 1s driven back by the violence
of Winds. I know not whether ic be worth che
while to obſerve , what the Inhabicants tell you of
Subterraneows Trees without boughs, they very com- Trees _—_
monly dig up; diſcovering them by the Dew **,which ©
never lyes upon the ground that covers them.
Upon the fame Friths, a little more inward , is
Drumbough-Caltle, of late times the poſleflion of the
Lords ot Dacre , but formerly a Station of the Ro-
mans. Some will have it the Caftra Exploratorum, but
the diſtances will by no means allow ic. There was
alſo another Roman Station, which by a change of
the name is at preſent call'd © Burgh upon Sands ; trom Burgh up-
whence the neighbouring tract is call'd the Barony of 22m
Burgh. This by Meſchines, Lord of Cumberland,was 23*7
beſtow'd upon Robert de Trivers, from whom it came
to the * Morvills ; the laſt of whom , Hugh, lefe a -
daughter,who by her ſecond husband Thomas de Mol. 4: Bugh
: ' | ron had Thomas Molton Lord of this place, and father ſuper oo
And to another Local Deity was found chis Inſcrip- | oe,
of that Thomas, who by marriage with the heir of Lib. 11q.
; Hubert de | Valibas , joyn'd Glrſland to his other + Vaulx.
poſſeflions ; all which were carry d by Mawd Molton
co Ranulph de-Dacre. But this lictls Town is noted
for nothing more than the untimely death of King
| Edward the firſt, after he hal criumph'd over his ene- £4»: 1.
veral other evidences of Antiquity, are daily dug up. |
A lictle higher, there juts our a fmall Promontory; |
that there was a pav'd Cawley ran all along the ſhore
mies round about him. He was a Prince exceeding
famous, in whoſe valiant breaft God ( as it were )
pircht his Tent; and as by courage and wiſdom, {o
alſo by a gracefulneſs and ſtatelinefs of body, rais'd
him to the very higheſt picch of Majeſty. Provi-
dence exercisd his youth wich conſtant wars and dit-
ficulties of State, to fit him for the Government ;
which, after he came to it, he ſo manag'd by con-
quering the Welſh, and ſubduing the Scots, that he
deſerves the Character of one of the greateſt Orna-
ments of Bricain[i]. The TInhabicants fay,thar under
this Burgh, in the very zſtuary , there was a Sea-
fight berween the Scotchand Engliſh; and that when
che Tide was out, it was manag'd by the Horſe :
which ſeems no les ſtrange than what Pliny relates,
not without great admiration, of fuch another place
in Caramania. This x(tuary is call'd by boch Nations
Solway-Frith, from Solway, a Town of the Scots that Solway-
ſtands upon ir. But Prolemy names ir more proper. *"®:
ly Ituna; for the Eiden, a very conſiderable river , !tuna.
which winds along Weſtmoreland and the inner parts © ©:
|| Reverſs
zitu.
CE
« To diſtinguiſh it from B:wgh under Stane-more in Weſtmoreland.
—O— O— _ —
8 This Votive Altar al(o of a rude ſtone was erei#ed for the happy health of the Emperour Gordian the third,and h1s wife Faria Sabing Tranquilla,
*nd therr whole family, by the troop of Horſemen ,
der Nonnics Philippus, Lieutenant General of britain in the xgar of Chriſt 243. as appeareth by the Gunſuls th.rein pecify'd.
Ppilip the Emperour and his ſon, who flouriſt'd about the year of our Lord 248.
irnam'd Auguita Gordizna, when Amilius Criſpinus, 4 native of Af ica, govern'd the [ame un-
9 To the honour of
of
i In Summer,
PR_———— — — ——— O—
- >
"oi Tas. "OR k
err ray
—Y
C2404 — = + oe xv Reno + Den cw ew—_—
——_— + Atv _
$31 ERICH NT ES mw
—— _—— —— I ee es ns nts IIs Eee
—_— —
— = m—_—_——_ —— — —_—
of this County, falls into it with a vaſt body cf wa- | handlome Church [1], has a large Market-place
FL; t. ters ; ſtill remembrinz what rubs and ſtops the car- | with a Town: houſe of wood for the convenience of
Mair9. cafies of the Scots gave it in the year 1216. after it | the Market-people, which is beautify'd with Bean
had d:ownd them wich their loads of Engliſh ſpoits, | c::mbing up @ ragged ſtaff, the Device of the Earls of
and {wailow'd up that piunJering Crew. Warwick. Formerly it belong'd to the Biſhops cf
The 12 or Eiden, aſloon as it enters this County, | Durham ; but when Antbony Becc, Biſhop of this See,
receives from the welt the river Emer, flowing out ci | was grown haughty and inſolent by his grear wealth,
the Lake calld Ulſe (or Ulſe-water) which I mentt- | Edward tbe firit (as we read in the book of Durham)
on'd before. Near its bank, upon the little river Da- | took fiom him Jerk in Trvidale, Perich, and the Churc!,
cor, 1s” Dacre-Caſtle, noted in latter ages for giving 'of Simondburne. For the benefit of the Town ,
name to the family of the Barons de Dacre, and |V. Strick/and Biſhop of Carliſle, d:\cended from a
Man. mention'd by Fede for having a Monaſtery in his
tim2; as alſo by Malmesbury, tor being the place
where Conſtantine King oft the Scots, and Eupenius
King of Cumberland, put themſelves and their King
doms under the protection of King Arbel/tan | k |.
Somewhat higher, at a little diſtance from the
conllucnce of Ermot and Loder ( at which is the
round trench call'd King Arthur's Table) ſtands Pen-
11h, which implies in Britiſh @ red hill or head; tor
the ground hceabouts, and the ſtone of which it is
built, aie both reddiſh. Tis commonly call d Perith,
and 15 a noted little market town ; fortify'd on the
welt-iide with a Royai Caſtle, which in the reign of
FIN 6. © was repair d out of the 11ins of Mabrurg a
Roman Fort hard by. Ir is adorn'd with a pretty
V LP
E M. AL. Pl
MARTIVS C
Ys, FP |
pre: 14AT5
[
” Dum +
_ = I FT TH ET Aa HY 7 _3J96NG ©
® Pr2'r;
C2 f: & 11-
rulnum P9-
IKz7,
AN
G ADV NO \
IR AL E
Ft & A
tamous family in thoſe pars, did at his own proper
charges draw a Chanel or water-courſe trom * Pere.
rill, or the Little-riwver, Petre. Upon the bank of this
lay Plompton-park, very large, and tormerly ſet apart (1 .
by the Kings ct England for the keeping of Deer, fr
but by King Henry 8. with greater prudence planted * ”**
with houſes, being almoſt in the frontiers between
England and Scotland [ m |. Near this, I faw ſeveral
remains of a demoliſh'd City, which, tor its nearneſ;
to Perith, they call Old Perith ; but 1 ſhould rather
take it to be the Petriane. For, that the Ala Petriana pe...
' was quarter'd here, is plain from the fragment of an
old Inſcription which one VIpius Trajanus |! a pen-,,___
ſionary of the ſame Ala Petriana, fet up. But take ©
this, and ſome others which I copy'd out hete.
-*4
After Eden has recciv'd the Eimer [n], it haſtens of the Skeltons; and Corby, a Caſtle of the nob'e c-
to the north along by little inconfiderable villages and ancient family of the Salkelds, which was muck &
and Forts, to the two Salke/ds. Art Little Sa/ke/d there | entich'd by marriage with the heir of Reſgil ; chen
is a circle of ſtones, 77. in number, each ten foot | by Wetherall, formerly a little monaſtery ( belongin; ES
high ; and before thele, at the entrance, is a ſingle
one by it ſelf, iitteen foot high. This the common
people call Long-4gg, and the relt her daughters ;
and within the circie are © two heaps of itones,
under which they ſay there are dead bodies bury'd.
And indeed 'tis probabie enough that this has been a
monument erected in memory of ſome victory.
Rik- From thence the Eden paſles by Kirk-Oſwald, de-
wal. dicated to S. O/ald, formerly the poſleſſion of that
'' Hugh Morw:!/, who with his Accomplices kill'd
-Thomas Archbiſhop of Canterbury ; in memory of
which tact, the {word he then us'd was preſerv'd here
F m6 for a long time: then by Armanthwoyte, the Caſtle
azrc c Si_—_
i} es ee eG nt aa
to the Abbey of S. Mary in York) where one {ces
'a fort of houſes dug out of rock, that ſeem to have
been deſign'd * for an abſconding place '* : next, by *”
Warwic, which I take to be the old Vireſidum, whete +
the ſixth Cohort of the Nerv formerly kept gariſon
along the Wall againſt the P:i#s and Scots. In the laſt
age, there was built here a very ſtrong ſtone-bridze,
at the expence of the Salke/ds 1nd Richmends. And
ſo by Linſtec, a caſtle of the Biſhops of Carliſle with: : -:«
in the Barony of Crosby, which aldeve, fon of Earl ct
Goſpatrick and Lord of Allerdale, gave to the Church of
Carliſle. The preſent name ( 1 fancy ) is contracted
from Olenacum. For that Olenacum, where the Aiz 0
>
—— —— - -— OOO RN OO <> _— — — — — — CO
————
f Here is a Caſſie ſtanding, which formerly has been a magniticent building, and a feat ct the {amily : bur there are no remains of a Monaſte:
nor decs it appear by any Recores to have becn ttanding lince the Conquelt.
This is very obvious 10 a curious cye, and will be ſhewn ar large in Mr. N'ct%
> This is a Rill falling tom the Ferar-Moiies in the Feils abour Grayſtock ; trem whence
#5 The heaps ot ſtones in the middle of this monument, are 10 part ct it ; but have been gather'd cft the picugh'd- lands +10! -
Alaburg ; nor was that ever a Reman Fort, bur a Daniſh Temple.
{ins Hiſtory of rhe Kingdom of Norehummberland, Part 6.
1 has its name.
-
8 It is new mm wins: and was never repair'd out of the ruins ©
ing, and {as m many other parts of the Courty) have been thrown up here rogether in 2 waſte corner ct the ficid. Bath this arc Relrich-((c04
Oxtordthire, may feem to be monuments erectcd at the ſolemn Invattrure of tvme Daniſh Kivgs; ard of the fame kid as the Korgftolen wn Ver
mak, avd Moreftecn in Sweeden, Whereot the Reader may {ce Diſcourſes at large in V «1 mius's Mon. I 'on. }: |
Mef.n. Paraph. Threat. Nobil. Stu. p. 108. ard cur Countiyman Dr. Pict s Pittory of Ofogbire, p. 236, 3435, KC : Theis
Gram. PD. 29.
'. CaP. 12. 8. 7. Steph, Not. af! 55%
Carcs arc in 2 rack of dificuk acceſs, trwo Rocms, one within the cther, ut about five or bx yards (Grare cact. They {cm ro have | cc cut
tor ſome Hermirs ro lodge in, being near the Abbey.
''£;* Hyg", i I this Aangerois Conmtry.
:... ready ſpoken of, is Greyſtock, the Caſtle of a family
C
UVABERLAND.
$33
tt.
prima Hereulea lay in ganifon againſt the Barbarians, as a rower wpon s bill, and their Lacoretin ( fo the An. Z=cotetia
tzems to have been along the
ready to fall into the «A&/fwary, receives two little 3.
vers [ almoſt] at the ſame place, Pererill and Caude,
which from the fouth , keep all along at an equal
diſtance. Upon the Peterill, befide the Pettiene al-
which has been long tamous, deriving its original
from one Ralph Firz-Wiher. Of whoſe poſterity,
William de Grey/fock margy'd Mary daughter and
coheir of Roger de Merley Lord of Merparh. He had
all. And now Eden, |
cients nam'd what we all Lateria ) as much as
beautiful tower ( for the words import ſo much in the
Britiſh ; ) poflibly they might have been more in the
right, than by deriving the latter from Lutum dirt,
and the former from one Lug das
or Lutetia
in France,
An old [ti-
nerary late.
Tag
ays that
11301402
a fabulous King. fgnifies s
That this City flouriſh'd in the times of the Romans, 4:/#r«ble
does plainly'enough appear both from the ſeveral evi- 2%
dences of Antiquity they now and then dig up, and
from the frequent mention made of it by Roman Au-
thors. And even after the ravages of the Pics and
a ſon, Fobn, who having no itſue, got leave of King
. Edward 1. to make over his eſtate to his * Couſin |
Ralph de Gramthorpe fon of William, whole poſterity |
Seors, it retalt'd fomething of it's ancient bequey,
and was reckon'd a Cizy. For in the year of our Lord
619. Egfrid King of Northamiberland * gave i co the
jor a long time flouriſh'd here in great honour '3. But | farious $. Cuthbert in theſe words ; 1 bave ale be-
about che reign of Henry 7. that family ended, and | yas þ- bim the City calf4 Luguballia, with the
nas ft
che eltate came by —_ to the Barons of Dacre ;
the heirs general of the laſt of whom were marry'd to
+ two fons of Thomas Howard, lats Duke of Nor-
folk [ 0].
Neas the Caude, beſides the Copper-mines at Caude-
beck, is Higbyate, a Caſtle of the Richmond; P]; and
2 beautiful Caltle of che Biſhops of Carliſle, call 'd The |
2. Reſe-Caſtle : this ſeems to have been the old Congave-
tz, where the ſecond Coho: t of the Lergi were quar-
een miles round it. At which time allo it was
wall'd round. The Citizens ( fays Bede ) carry'd Ciith-
bert to ſee the Walls of the City, and a Well of adi
ble workmanſhip built in it by the Romans. At which
time, Cuthbert ( as the Durham-book has it ) founded
a Religious-bouſe for Nuns, with an Abbeſ, and Schools
\ for the inftruaion of youth. } Afterwards, being
miſerably deftroy'd by the Danes, it lay bury'd for
about two hundred years in it's own aſhes : cill it be-
ter'd 3 for Congavata ſignifies in Bricilh @ vale upon the | gant to flouriſh again by the favour and afliſtance of
Gavate, now contracted into Cauda. But I have not | Witiam Rufus who built ic a-new, with a Caſtle,
yet been able to mark out the expreſs place where it | and planted. there a Colony, firft of the Flemings
was ſeated [q]. Between the confluence of thoſe ri- | (whom, upoh better conſideration, he quickly re-
vers, the ancient City Carlile has a. delicate pleaſant | mov'd into ©* Wales, ) and then of Engliſh, ſent out
ſituation, bounded on the north with Eder, on the | of the ſouth [ r]. Then(as Malmesbury has it) was to be
ealt with, Peterill, and on the weſt with Caude. Allo | ſeen a Roman Triclinium or dining-room of ſtone arch'd
beſides thele natural fences, it is arm'd with a ſtrong | over, which neither the wiolence of Weather nor Fire
ſtone wall, a caſtle, and a citadel. *Tis of an oblong | could deſtroy. On the front of it was. this Inſcription,
form from weſt co caſt: upoh the weſt is a pretty | Mari Vitorie. Some will have this Marius to have
large caſtle, which by the Arms appears to have been | been Arviragus the Britain ; others, that Marius, who
t buile by Rich, lmoſt in the middle of the ci- | was falured Emperour in oppoſition to Galliexxs, and
ty, ſtands the Cathedral Church, the upper part | is ſaid ro have been ſo ſtrong, that Authors tell us he
whereof ( being newer ) is a curious piece of Work-! had nerves inſtead of veins in his fingers. Yet I have
manſhip *, but the lower is much more ancient. On | heard that fome Copies have it; not Marii Viftorie,
the eaſt it is defended with a Citadel ( very ſtrong, | but Mart: Vitor; ; which latter may perhaps be fa-
=
and fortify'd with + ſeveral Orilons or Roundel: ) built
by K. Hen. 8. The Romans and Britains cal'd this
City Lugu-ballam and Lugu-vallum, or Lugu balia, the
Saxons (as Bede witnefles) Lue! ; Prolemy ( as ſome
think ) * Leucopibia ; Nennius, Caer Laalid ; the ridi-
culcus Welſh Prophecies, The City of Duballm ; we,
Carlile z and the Latins from the more modern name, |
Carleoluwms, For, that Luguballia and Carlile are the,
lame, is univerſally agreed upon by our Hiſtorians. |
” But as to the Etymology, good God! what pains
has our Countryman Leland took abont it; and at
laſt he's driven upon this ſhift, to fancy, Ire might
be call'd Lugas, and that Ballum came from Val, a
valley ; and fo makes Lug valium as much as @ valky
wpon the Luge. But ( give me leave alſo to produce
my conjecture) I dare affirm that the Vallum and
Vallia, were deriv'd from that famous military Vallam
vour'd by fome, and ſeem to come nearer the truth.
Luguballia now grown populous, had (as they write)
ie's Earl or rather Lord,Ralph Meſchines or de Micens,
| from whom are deſcended the Earls of Cheſter ; and
being about the ſame time honour'd with'an Epiſco-
pal See by Hen. 1.had Atbulpbfor it's firſt Biſhop.This the
Monks of Durham Took*d upon as an injury to their
Church. When Ralph (lay they) Biſhop of Durham
was baniſhd, and the Church had none to protefÞ it, cer-
tain Biſops ſeis'd upon Carleil and Tividale, end joyn'd
them ro their own Dioceſes, How the Scots in the
| reign of King Stephen took this City, ahd Henry 2. .
cofimitted the Caſtle of Everſdea;
recoverd it;, how Hensy 3.
Carlile,and the County ,to Robert de Veteri ponte or Vi-
pomt;how in.the year 1292. it was ” burtit down along
with the Cathedral and Siiburbs;how Robert Brus the
Scot, in the year 1315. beſieg'd ir without ſucceſs,
of the Romans, which runs juſt by the City. For | &+c. are matters treated .of at large in our Hiſts-
Antoninus calls it Luguvallum ad wallum; and the | ries. But it may be worth our while to add t'vo In-
Pits-wall, that was atterwards built upon the Wall | ſcriptions I ſaw here ; ohe in the houſe of Thomas
of Sever, is to be ſeen at Sranwicks, a {mall village, | 4gl;onby near the Citadel, * but not ancient.
2 little beyond the Eden (over which there is a wood-
en bridge.) It pafsd the river over againſt che
Caltle, where in the very chanel the remains of it,
namely, great ſtones, appear to this day. Alſo,
** Pomponius Mela has told us, that Lugms or Lucas |
hy fignity'd a Tower among the old Celte, who ſpoke
5« the fame Language wich the Britains. For what |
--3-, Antoninus Calls Lugo Auguſt, is in lam Turrs Auguſti;
*u* fothat Lugu-val/um both really is and ſignifies, a tower | Bo ad es .
or fort upon the wall or vallum. Upon this bo:tom, if, To which is joyn'd the efhigies of an armed Horſe-
the French had made their Lugdunum ſignifie as much , man, with a Lance,
DITS MANIBV
S MARCI TROTANI
AVGVSTINANT © TYM. FA
CIENDVM CYRAVIT
AFEL. AMMILLVSIMA,
CONIVX + KARISS.
* Tum1uluM.
+Cari//ima,
«ak
_— — - ” ——
De EIS
& !t might be repair'd by Rich. 3. thy? 'tis very improbable, contidering the aFairs of his Reign ; bur 'ris certain it was out by Wii. 2. fore hen»
ered years before. ! The Lower W.part is the Parochal Church,and as old as S. Cutkber:z or Walter, who came it: with the Conquerour, was 3
Commander in his Army, rebuiit the C:ry, tound:d a Priory, and turning Religious, became himſcit che firſt Prior of i The Chancet wzs built by
Contribution A. D. 1350, 1, 2, 3, &c. The Belfrey was rais'd, and the Bells plac d in ir, at the charge of W.iliam de wrickland, Brhvp, A. D. 1404.
* This reading ſhould make it ſeem to be the ancient Wizivern or Caraias Caſa in Gatoway in Scarland ; being pallibly x Cxrruprion tor Afr cinidrn,
L e. White-houſes. » Caer in Welſh lignitics a C:ty; and Cer-Lunt, Caer Lue!, Catr-Lugubal, (as it was anciemly writ) are the very ame with
Ca-7. Leil or Caer-Lyil, the preſent appeliativn; and import as much as the Tgwn or City of Luul, Luel, or Lugubal. -* e© the Donation at 12rge
in Sim. Dune im. 1 2. p. 58. e: North-Wales and the It» of Anzlcſry. ? The Chronicle of Lanercoft is very particular tn deſcribing this lame n-
ttble Fire. He thar recorded the account was an eye-wirnes, and ſays that the fire vas fo violene, rhat it confam'd the villages 1wo miles oft, 25 well
25 the Church, Cuitlc, and the whole City : and by his rciation, it {hould ſeem that the Ciry was then rauch larger and more popu'ous than ar pre-
19! 1t 13, _ | AP.
1; With the title of Lord Greyfte:k. {-! and Lird William Hoyward.
Gegg
S
12+ Philip Far! of fr;
T he
Mo T— 0 —
BRIGANTES.
834
CE The other is in the Garden of Thomas Middleton, |
in a large and beautiful Character :
| in the walls of the houſe is this Roman Inſcription},
L E G. V I ſet up in memory of Hadrian the Emperour by th;
V I C P F | LAI Secunda Auguſt a.
EK EF,
That is (as I fancy) Legio Sexta Vidlrix, Pia, Felix.
The interpretation of the reſt I leave to others.
Carliſle had only one Earl , '* Andrew de Harcla,
whom Edward the ſecond, (to ſpeak from the Origi-
nal Charter of Creation ) for bu honourable and good |
ſervices againſt Thomas Earl of Lancaſter and bu Adbe-
rents, for ſubduing the King's Subjetts who were m rebel-
lion, and delivering them priſoners to the King ; by the
girding of a ſword created Earl under the honour
and title of Earl of Carleol, But the ſame per-
fon afterwards prov'd ungrateful, villanous and
perfidious to his King and Country ; and being taken / ; n to ti
was puniſh'd with an ignominy anſwerable to his ent '*; Zobn Earl of Kent granted it to King Edward
treachery. For being degraded, be had bis ſpurs cut off | third , and King Richard the fecond to John of «+;;
with a hatchet, then Js fword-bal was taken from bim ; Gannt, Duke of Lancaſter, Beyond this Esk allo, the
next bu ſhoes and gloves were pull'd off ; after which be | Country for ſome miles together is reckon'd Engliſh
was drawn, hang'd, beheaded, and quarter d. | ground ; in which compals is Sollom-moſs , noted tor '''
Luguballia or Carliſle is 21 degr. 31 min. in Longi- | he taking of many of the Scotch Nobility priſoners...
tude ; and 54 degr. 55 min.in Latitude. I will bid it | in the year 1543. For when the Scots were ready to
farewel in that Encomium of J. Fonſton. attack the Engliſh (who were commanded by *? 75,
Wharton, T.ord Warden of the Marches,) and found
CARLEOLUM.
that Olrver Sincler, a perſon for whom they had no
manner of kindneſs, was conſtituted General ; each
lookt upon it as an affront to himſelf , and they were
ſo incens'd at it, as to revenge the jury (that was
the conſtruction they put upon it) with their own
dilgrace and damage : for they fell to mutinies, broke
the ranks, and put all into diſorder. The Engliſh,
who were poſted upon the higher ground, obſerving
that, fell upon them, and pur them to flight. Great
numbers were taken ; for they threw down their
Arms, and ſubmitted themſelves generally to the
Engliſh and the Moſs-troopers, fo that only a Souldi-
er here and there was kill'd. This, James the fifth,
King of Scotland, laid fo to heart, that he dy'd BY
grief. The neighbouring parts are call'd Bartab/e- ,_.
Hures kept gariſon againſt the Barbarians.” Tis now the
ſeat of the Head of the Family of Graybams, very fa- r1....
mous among the Borderers for their great valour;ang
IMP. CAS. TRA.
HADRIAN O
AVG.
LEG. IL. AVG. E.
Andrew
Hearcls Earl
of Carlitlc.
Where the Lid joyns the Ek, ſtood formerly L:d-g...
del, a Caſtle (as I have been told) and a Barony of <«-
'the Eftorewil's, who held Lands in Cornage , which Ear]
| Ranulph (as we read in an old Inquilition) gave to
Turgiſs Brindas. From Eſtotevill it deſcended here. 1: -.
ditarily to the Wakes, and by them to the Earls of
Romanu quondam ſt atio tutiſſima ſigns,
Ultimaque Auſonidum meta, laboſque Ducum,
E ſpecula late wicmos profpicit agros,
Hine ciet & pugnas, arcet & inde metus.
Gens acrs ingenio, Hudiis aſperrima belli,
Dot aque bellact figere tela mans.
Scotorum Reges quondam tenuere beati,
Nunc iterum priſcis additur imperits.
Quid? Romane, putas extrema bic limina mund; ?
Mundum retro alium ſurgere nonne vides ?
Sit widiſſe [atis ; docuit nam Scotics wirtus
Immenſis animis hic poſuiſſe modum.
CARLISLE.
Where the bold Eagles ſtopt their noble courſe,
The lateſt labour ot the Roman force,
On ſubje& fields from her high rock looks down,
Thence galls her focs , and thence fecures her own.
Her people ſharp, and ever fam'd in war,
Fights are their ſtudy, and their only care.
In ages paſt ſhe ferv'd the Scottiſh crown,
And now her ancient Lord again does own.
Romans, how thought you here the world could end,
When you might ſee another world beyond?
Yet only ſce ; the Scot's victorious hand
Here fix'd the limits of your wide command.
ground, or The ground in debate , becauſe the Engliſh
and Scots cannot agree about it. For the Inhabitants.
on both ſides, as living upon the Frontiers,are a {wiſr, *
ſubtil, and nimble ſort of Souldiers, as being inur'd
to it by frequent skirmiſhes!. Leven, the other of
the rivers I mention'd, ariſing in the very limits of
the two Kingdoms, runs by nothing memorable be-,
' ſides Beucaſtle (as they commonly call it,) a Caſtle of **
| the Kings, which in thoſe ſolitary parts is defended
by a ſmall Gariſfon. In the publick Records ic is writ-
ren Bueth-caſtle; fo that one might imagine the
name were deriv'd from that Buerhb, who about Hen-
ry the firſts time had almoſt got the entire govern-
ment of thoſe parts. However, 'tis certain that 1n
Edward the third's reign, ic belong'd to '* Fohy Ba- ,,
ron Strivel;m, who marry'd the daughter and coheir »-..:
of Adam de Swinborn. In the Church, now almoſt
quite ruinated, there lyes a Grave-ſtone brought 11-
ther from ſome other place, with this Inſcription :
LaAI-4 Vi
FECIT
In the Church-yard is a Croſs of one entire {quare-
ſtone, about ewenty foot high , and curiouſly cu: :
there is an Inſcription too, but the letters are ſo dim, _
that they are not legible. But ſeeing the Crobs * is ot *
the ſame kind as that in the Arms of the Vaulx, on? ©
may conjecture chat it has been made by ſome of rt! a:
Family [ u};
— -_ — - — =— %.. - -————
Crofling the Eden, you ſee Rowcliffe juſt upon the |
bank, a lictle Caſtle built not long ſince by the Lords
Dacres for their own private defence | s ]. Above this,
two rivers Ext and Leven With joynt ſtreams enter
the z{tuary of ne almoſt at the fame mouth. Ek
comes our of Scotland , but for ſome miles owns it ;
ſelf co belong to England, and receives the river Kr- |
ſop ; where were fixt not long ſince the limits be- |
eveen the Englith and Scots : tho' *tis not ſo much |
water that keeps them within bounds, as a mutual |
dread, having had ſufficient experience of each o-|
thers valour. Upon this, where we fee Netherby, a
little viilage of two or three cottages, the ruins of
lome ancient City are fo very wonderful and great,
and the name of E:k running by does fo well ſecond
It, that I imagine the old «£/ica ſtood there, where-
in ſormerly the Tribune of the firſt Cohort of the A-
—_ — — —
_ — = _— a —_— — — _
« Since the happy union of the two Kingdoms in King James 1. all theſe teuds and quarrels upon the borders zre ceas's ; and a man may vive
"with a< mach lecarnty as in any place whatſocver.
” fnnew, I Of 22x Piakd-Rozal, 1 Sir Thomas. *'* Sir Join of Sirivelin, @ Baron
—_ CCL Eno ett >— Oo EO EET OOO ——— —— O— - —— _ v7
— - - —”—” ——_—— tw -ae— ” ” __
— — — - -
CUMBERL AN D. _
M>:e to the South and Welt, and farther in the | Duke of Norfolk, copy'd out for me with his own
Cyony, lyes Grl:and-Barony, a tract | fo cut and] hand : a perſon admirably verſt in, and a peculiar fa-
mimngrd with the brooks (which they call ' G:Yes,)| vourer of the {tudy of Antiquities ; who in right of
chat | ſhould have thought it had taken the name] his wife, the ſiſter and coheir of the laſt Lord Baron
fon them ; it | had not read in the book of Laner- | Dacre, has a great Eſtate in thoſe parts:
;4-Cluurch, that one Gull the lon of Bueth ( call'd
ailo G:{bert in a Chartzr of Henry the ſecond) was
pilclt of it : fo that probably ir had this name from =: / Y/
him. Throuzh this tract Severas's wall, that famous _— WAA EPI EI}
| AY NERDS
10nument ot Britain, run trom Carliſle Eaſtward
aimolt in a direc line by Stanwicks a little village ;
Scaivy, a Caſtle formerly belonging to the Tilleols,
once a famous Family in thoſe parts, from whom
it cams to the Pickerings. "Then the Wall is crols'd by
the little river Cambeck, upon which the Barons Da-
cre built Askerton a littie Caſtle, wherein the Gover-
nour ot Gille/land ( call'd COmMmon:y Land Sergeant )
k:pra Gariſon. Below the all it joyns the river
thing, where is Irthimgton, the Capital AManour ( as
they call ir ) of this Barony of G:4:/land: and here at
(aſtie-[teed appear very great ruins. Hard by is
Brampton, a little market-town|[ w |, which I take to
-- he the Bremeturacum || along the 1i/all (for 'tis ſcarce a
mii fromthe Wall) where formerly the tirſt Cohort
ot the Tungr: from Germany, and in the decline at |
ine Roman Empire, the Cuneus Armaturarum , under |
the Governour of Britain,were quarter'd.T hole Arma-
ture were itorle armd Caf-a-pee: but whether they
were Duptares or Simplares, my Author hasnot told us.
| ke Dup/zres were in the lenle of that age fuch as * had
a d-uble allowance of Corn, the Swplares, fuch as had
a /ongle. Nor muſt 1 onne, that at Brampton there is a
high hill calld the More, ditch'd round at the top ;
from whence 1sa large proſpect all the Country round.
Below this, and at Castle-#teeds,i.e.the place of a Caltle,
as allo at Trederman hard by , were found theſe In
Icriptions, which the Right Honourable William I ord} == KA ===
Howard of Naweorth, third fon of his Grace Thomas | ummmgeoooooot Ut! >
(CKCVEF
Ee ee eee ce. es er rr CR
. =
IT.
br LIC ES REA AL Id
{if [NT
This was aſc found there in an o:d Vault, wherein the name of the Emperour's Lieutenant and Proprztor
in Britain | is uniuckily worn our.
a————mmtnnenmndnn bb
rY,
: "WY DICY {
Iv of
FCVPATL ©
|FLEGING:PPCOSHTIE
I VNGPOS VEL I
-
Along near Prampron runs thelittle river Gelt, upon the bank whereof, in a rock call'd Helbeck, is this ga-
ping, imperteet Inſcription, fer up by an Enſign of the ſecond Legion call'd Augs//a, poflibly that Oprio un-
der Agricola the Proprxtor - with ſome others, the ſight whereof time has envy'd us.
/
-
> | Am \ - V/ \
O14 LY S — l = —_ RD 4 > \l
MTN INN NO d) 11]
S& WW Yb
D \ \
VEXL KEG.IIAVG. OKAPR::::S ES
SVB.AGRICO kA-OB YIORE Y&+oxnannanananc | hes
REG FR
es .d MAM CA | PRO/ TIVSF | RML
# fa
(> 5 LE
—
——
#7
i»;
—=>
Mmmm fntZ BE
>.
—_ — 5 WO =
— — OO nn_ —— T—— — — — ———_ DO EEEEENEIIm——_ ——__—_—_— —_—— — —— — — - —_— _
\ (51.7 1.5 .n the Northern dialect a low ground ner a water fide encompaſt with hills ; but no where the 6root or 7i/ it ſelf. Hubert de Vallibus
; So" $1. e namac to the Country ; tor de V2! hrs (Vane) aad Gil fignifte the fame thing ;- unteſs one ſhould fy that it comes from the ri-
G 3.74 414.3 1408 thiough the middle of it
In
* F -_ as ds. a i
0 EIT IIS HOY 144 or TI AIC O97 Be nes ry
_
_ , - <_—
CN oo at ee er En
. im = -
hte
_—_ -
ene em
by
-
-
- _ be
-— Or es WIS w2 ate, 2 i USES owe lt obs Oe 4 Es 4 oo
—EEEEE—e I Ie oe er re "Ie
Jou: optimo
Maximo.
+ Fort: imo
Ceſart.
—
In the ſame rock alſo we read in a more modern
character,
OFICIVO ROMOANORYO.
e the Gelt empties it ſelf into the river [rthing,
-4n5 with a violent and rapid ſtream along by |!
\th-".aftle, now belonging to William Howard
;-mention'd, who is repairing it ; but lately |
: Barons of Dacre ; the laſt whereof, ſome years
ago dy*'d young, and his Uncle Leonard (choling ra-
ther to contend with his Prince, in War, than with
his Nieces, in Law, about the eſtate ) feis'd upon
the Caſtle, and got together a company of Rebels in
oppoſition to his Prince. But the Lord Hun/don,
with the garriſon of Berwick, eaſily defeated them,
put a great many to the ſword, and the reſt (amongſt
whom was Leonard himſelf ) to flight [x] '9. Nearer
the Wall ftood the Priory of Lanerco#t, founded by
R. de Vallibxs, Lord of Gilleſland {[ y |; and upon the
wall is Burd-Oſwald. Below this, where the Pidts-
Wall paſsd the river Frh;zg by an arch'd bridge, at
a place now call'd Willoford, was the Station ot the
# Cobors prima e/Xlig Dacarum ; a5 appears by the No-
titia, and fevacal Altars ereted by that Cohort, and
inſcrib'd to Fupiter Oprermus Maximus. Some of them
E think proper to give you, tho' they're much defac'd
and worn with age.
*]. O. M. I. O. M.
COHN. F. AEL. OH tj. AEL. DA
DAC. CVI C.--C.-- A GETA
PRAEj11TM1T IRELSAVRNES
IGnnHi | |_ +++: mmmnmnn
HE | __ -onpnonennenc
IIINI KETTLE
I.O.M PRO SALVTE
CoH. 1. AEL D. N MAXJMIANO
DAC. C. P. + FOR -- ---- CAE
STATV LoN WEED SS recs op
GINUS, TRIB. ES een 6 « 460
Oy cn OR
6485 =; Sn
I. O M. I. O. M.
COH I AEL. DAC COH. I. AET.
TETRICIANO RO DAC. GORD.
- - - C. P. P.LVTIC ANA. ©. P--
- - -- V. S. DESIG EST.
NATVS
TRIB.
_ _ _ — _ - ——
BRIGANTES.
—
— —2 <0 ”— —— — — ———
— ____ - —
[. O. M.
---- H. I. AEL. DAC.
-- -- C, PRAEES]|. ---
- - - » FLIUS FA
-- -- S TRIB. -----
- - - - PETVO. -----
COS.
a.
The firſt Lord of Gue/land chat I read of, was Wil-,
liam Meſchmes, brother of Ralph Lord of Cumber. 5g.
land ( not that William who was brother of Ranulph %'_
Earl of Cheſter, from whom ſprang Ranulph de Rue- rc.
lent, but the brother of Ralph 3) but he was not able +
to get it our of the hands of the Scots: for Gill the, ©
ſon of Bueth / held the greateſt part of it by force of 53%:
Arms. Aiter his death, King Henry the ſecond be- ;,*
ſtow'd it upon Hubert de Vallibus or Vaulx , whoſe 1 x
His fon ***
Coat Armour was Chequey, Argent and Gules.
Robert tounded and endow'd the Priory of Lanercoſs.
Bur the eſtate within a tew years came by marriage
to the Moltons, and from them by a daughter to Ra-
nulph Lord Dacre, whoſe poltericy flourith'd in prezt
honour down to our time | Z |.
Having thus took a Survey of the Sea-coaſt and
inner parts of Cumberland, we muſt pals to the Eaſt
of it, a lean, hungry, deſolate fort of Country,
which affords nothing remarkable beſides the head of
Soutb-Tine in a wet ſpungy ground, and an ancient
Roman ſtone Cawley, * above ten yards broad. "Tis **--
call'd the Maiden-way, leading out of Weſtmoreland;
and at the confluence of the little river Alon, and the **
Tine we ſpoke of , on the ſide of a gentle aſcent,
there are the remains of a large old Town ; which
; to the North has been tortify'd with a fourfold Ram-
| pie, and tothe Weſt + with one and a hall.
place is now call d }hitley-caſtle ; and as a teitimony
of it's Antiquity, has this imperfe& Inſcription
[| compendiouſly written with the Letters link'd one | Cr
in another : from which we learn that the third Co.*
hort of the Nervis built a * Temple there to Antoni- ; «=
nus the Emperour, fon of Severus.
IMP. CAES. Lucii Septimi Severi Ara-
BICI, ADIABENICI, PARTHICI,
MAX. FIL. DIVI ANTONINI Pii Germanici
SARMA. NEP. DIVI ANTONINI PII PRON
DIVE HAPRIANI ABN. DIVI TRAIANIL
PARTH. ET DIVI NERV# ADNEPOTI.
M. AVRELIO ANTONINO PIO
FEL. AVG, GERMANICO PONT. MAX.
TR. POT. -- X-- IMP. -- -- COS.LUIL. P. p. - - -
PRO PIETATE AEDE -- VOTO -
COMMVNIE CURANTE
on nonc=-=s LEGATO AVG.
PR - - -- COHN. INI.. NERVIO-------
RVM --- G. R. POS.
Now ſeeing the third Cohort of the Nerv was
quarter'd in this place, ſeeing alſo the Noriria ſets
chem at Alone, as Antoninus does at Alone, and a
| lietle river running under it is call'd 4lne ; if I ſhould
think this to be the very lone, I could not indeed
O— 2 — W— — i = — — —_— — - = _— —
+ Sce the Additions to Ambleſide in Weſtmorland, If we are to ſettle the Ambeglana here, the many rivalets in thoſe parts, which carry **!
name ot Glen; 0 Glywn,afford us 2 probable original of the name.
This was but for 2 ſhort tzme ; tor the tather was bar iſh'd into Scotland in E31
Randolph's time, and the ſon Gillesbueth (25 nn was {lain by Robert de Vallibus at a exting tor Arbitration ot all diftcrences; {o 11!
that family ſeems never ro have claim'd atter.
it the Lands that had caus'd the quarrel.
murther was barbarous; and Rober? ro atone for it, buile the Abbey of Laverco?. and gave f9
'9 But of him more in my Annals. Nearer the Wall, b:yond the river Irthing, was ate!) found this fair votive Altiy, ereffed to the G10” «
Nymphe of the Brigantes, for the health of the Empreſs Plautilla, Hije to M. Amelivus Antoninus Severus, and the whele Imprrial family, t; Mi. «
ceius Nigrinus 4 Treaſurer to the Emperour, when Lats was ſecond time Conjul, witi: intricate comx: on. of lececrs, wh
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* 54
The PICTS F&#L Le
deliver it for a poſitive truth, becauſe the injuries of | England. But his immediate Succeſſor Henry the (&-
time, and the violence of wars, have long ſince put | cond, conſidering what a prejudice this profuſe Libe-
theſe things out of the reach of human knowledge, | rality of Stephen's was both to him and his whole
but it would atleaſt ſeem probable. Kingdom, demanded back from the Scors Northumber-
Upon the decay of the Roman power in Britain, | land, Cumberland, and Weſtmoreland. For the Scorch
tho' this Country was cruelly harraſsd by the Scots | King (as Neubrigenſis has it) 2-1/cly conſidering rhat ſince
and Picts, yer did it longeſt keep its original Inhabi- | rhe King of England had both a better title, and was much
rants the Britains, and gll late under the power of ſtronger mn thoſe parts ( tho" he could have alledg'd the
the Saxons. But when the Daniſh wars had well | oath which was [aid to have been made to his grandfather
nigh broke the Saxon government, it had its petty | David, when he was knighted by him, ) wery fairly and
Kings, ſtild Kings of Cumberland, to the year of our | honeſtly reſtor'd the foreſard bounds at the King's demand,
Lord 945. At which time ( as Florileg us tells us) King | and in lieu of them bad Huntingdonlhire, which belong'd
Edmund, by the aſſiſt ance of Leolin King of South-If ales, | to bimby ancient right.
oil'd Cumberland of all its riches, and bawing put out the Cumberland nad no Earls before Henry the eighth's Farls of
eyes of the two ſons of Dummail King of that County , | time, who created Henry Clifford, defcended from ie 22
granted that Kingdom to Malcolm Keng »f Scots, to bold | the Lords de Veter: porte or Vipont, tirlt Earl of Cum- ITN
of him, and to protett the North-parts of England both by | berland. He by Margaret, daughter of Henry Percy
Sea and Land azainſt the incurſions of the Enemy. Alter | Earl of Northumberland, had Henry the ſecond Earl,
which, the eldeſt ſons of the Kings of Scotland, as | who by his firſt wife , dzughter of Chrles Brandon
well under the Saxons as Danes, were ſtiIl'd * Gover- | Duke of Suffolk, had Margaret Countci: of Deriy .
ours of Cumberland. But when England had yielded and by his ſecond, daughter of baron Dacre of Gl-
to the Normans, this County fubmicted among the | /e/land, two fons , George and Francis George the third
reſt, and fell ro the ſhare of Ralph de Me/chmes, whole | Earl, famous for his great exploits ar <ea, undaunted,
eld2{t fon Ranulph was Lord of Cumberland, and at the | and indeftatigable, dy'd in the yea 15oy, ieaving an
ſametime, in right of his mother and by the favour | only daughter Anne *®. Francis his brether.the fourth
of his Prince, Earl of Cheſter, But King Stephen , | Larl, fucceeded him ; in whom appears a ſtrong in-
to ingratiate himſelf with the Scots, reitor'd it to | clination to Virtue , worthy the greatneſs of fuch
th:m, to hold of him and his Succellors Kings of ' honourable Anceſtors *,
® 4 p 4 - $5 *+ # Vo - , ? * F | «+ 2 4 ? P. * - , . 4 4 « _
b \w ( 1 117 f of N | Aj R * j'28 D106 i 1557, ©, z* F A”. PC : Ei A; for * 77; 4 Aa”. 1# 217 Tf wart Aran fi E£rori amd 1" *Iyxs Corn'y, wh. ay 4
NJ M1EN Of eſpe al truſt , þ| need ts | uy N07 11g, wen as By 1177 1: ; LV” 40H ANA Once Bt alt, FEA Office is OW Ac ermin ad. .
This County has 5S. Pariſh-Churches, beſides Chapels.
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Hatfamous/all,which was the bound of gariſons lay along the Line in Caſtles and Cities - bur
tie Roman Province, call d by ancient . when they were apprehenſive of the incurſions of
[ Latin Writers, Vallum Barbaricum,Pre- , the neighbours, part of them, for the defence of their
rexitura, and Cluſura, 1. e. the Barbarous own, pitcht their Tents in the Enemies Country,and ence w>
Is all,the Breaſt-work, the Fence or Hedge, part made excurſhons into the Enemics quarters, to Met with
crolles the + upper part of Cumberland, , obſerve their motions, and to engage, if they could, "4, re in
and is not by any means to be pal>'d over in ſilence. upon an advantage. | Vegeriue.
== Tis by Dio call'd aizldy45,wa, or Thorough-wall ; by In this Ifland particularly, when they found that
=. Herodian X6,u,o0r A vaſt Ditch ; by Antoninus, Cal- thoſe more remote parts ot Britain had nothing agree-
:.* ſiodorus, and others Vallum, by Bede Murws, by the - able either in the Air or Soil, that they were inha-
2.2 Britains Gual-Sever, Gal-Sewver,and Mur-Sever ; by the bited by that barbarous crew of Caledonians,and that
= Scots Scotti/-waith , by the Engliſh and thoſe that the advantages by ſubduing them could never anſwer
tx. live about it, the Pids-wall, or the Pehits-wall ; allo the trouble, they did at feveral times contrive ſeveral
®"* the Keepe-wa!l, and by way of eminence, The Wall. | Fences, to bound and ſecure the Province The firſt SENS
»»e When by the Providence of God,znd the atli({tance of that kind {cems to have been done by 7ulizs Agri- 5 27
.* of Courage, the Roman affairs had ſucceeded beyond | cola, when he ſet Garifons along that narrow ſlip of
__ expectation, and the ambitious bravery of that peo- | ground between T Edenborrow-Frith and Dunbritten- + »444y;
'® ple had fo enlarg'd their Conqueſts on all ſides, that | Frith [aa] ; which was atterwards fortify'd, as occati- & 6/94.
+ they began to be jealous of their own oreatnels , the | on requir'd.
*-Emperours thought it moſt adviſable to ſer fome | Hadrian,for whom the God Terminrs retreated [bb |, rhe 5.
+, bounds totheir Dominions. For like prudent Poli- | made the ſecond, after he had retir'd about 80 miles, [4
* ticians, they obſerv'd that Greatneſs ought to have ts | either out of envy to the glory of Trajan ( under
tied Pounds ; juſt as the Heavens keep their exatt compaſs, and whom the Empire was at it's utmoſt extent,) or out
the Seas toſs about within their own limits, Now theſe | of fear. He (favs Spartian) drew a Wall of eighty miles
hounds were either natural, as the Sea, the larger Ri- | in length, ro divide the Barbarians from the Romans ;
vers, Mountains, Deſerts ; or artificial, wiz. Fences | which one may gather from what tollows in Spartian,
contriv'd, ſuch are Ditches, Caſtles, Towers, * Bar- | to have been made in faſhion of a \| Mural bedge, of Large ! \*no's
OL ER "IN -_
ricadoes of Trees, Walls of Earth or Stone, with Ga- | takes fixt deep in the ground, and faſined together with ;c, OY
ifons planted along them to keep out the Barbarians. | watrles, And this is it we are now ſpeaking, of, tor 59.
Whereupon Theodoſius's Nove!s 3 By the contrivance it Tuns along for 89 mites together ; and upon it 2:0
* our Anceſtors, whatever 1s under the power of the Ro- the ' Pons e/Elia, Claſſes Elia, Cobors eA.lia, Ala Sa-
2%, is defended againſt the mcur/tons of Barbarians by biniana, which took their names from «Ale Hadric-
+ 6::6:42ry-wrall, In times of peace, the Frontier- ns and Sabina his wite. And the Scotch tiltorian,
—_— - -_ —_ ET — — — — _—_———_ _ — - Ce ee rs tee et — _ __
— ——
re Northern tra& of a Cwimtry, Pays S: pir:0r. Oherwiſe, that through which rhe Pi7:-wa hers poles, is (by
re juitly call'd the Fow+e!214, ' By thic found one fhovid avis this ro be Tow Ev; in: Nonnumberiard,
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Rora Tem- who wrote th2 Rota Temporam, tells us, That Hadrian
porem did firſt of all drawa Wall of a prodigious bigneſs made of
Turfs (of that height that ut lockt Ike a mountam , and
with a deep ditch before it ) from the mouth of the Tine to
the river Eke, i. E. from the German 10 the Iriſh Ocean.
Which He&or Boetius delivers in the very fame words.
Lollius Urbicus, Lieutenant of Britain under An-
toninus Pius, by his great ſuccels remov'd back che
bounds to where Julius Agricola had firſt fer them,
and raisd a Wall there, which was the third Fence
The thrd or Pretentura.
Preteivs. p,itains, aud driving back the Barbarians, made another
IWall of Turf, i. e. diltint from that of Hadrian's.
The honour of Lollius's fucceb6 in Britain was by
Fronto { as the Panegyriſt has it ) given entirely 70
Antoninus che Empercur ; affirming , that tho) be liva
quietly im his palace at Rome, and had only given out a
Commi|/ion to the Lieutenant , yet he had mirited ai the
plory; as a Pilot ſiting at the Stern deſerves the whole Fo:
nour of the voyage and expedit10n. But that this Wall of
"RICH
Antoninus Pias, and of his Lieutenant Lo!l:us U79;cus, |
was in Scotland, ſhall be ſhewn hereatrcer.
The fourth But when the Caledonian Bricains, under Co:2mo-
Pre:etura. Js the Emperour, had broke thorow this , Severus
negle&ing that farther Wall, and that large Country
between, drew a Wall acrois the {land trom Sow ay-
Frith to Tinmonth ([c:]. And this (ir my j:idgment
lignitie any thing) was along the very lame ground,
where Hadrian had before made his of itakes. In
this matter I have the opinion of Hector Boctius on
my fid2. Scwerzs ( favs he) order'd Hadrian s Wal
to be repir'd, Stone-fortreſſes to be built upon it, and Tur
rets at [uch a d: ance as the ſound of a Trumpet, againſt
the wird, 219 ht be beard from one to the other. And in
another place : Our Annals tell ws that the Wali which
was begun by Hauricn , Was finaſht by Severns. The
Jearned Spaniard allo, Hicronymus Surica, tells us |
*Longius that Hadrian's Vence was * carry'd on and comp'eat-
19, 7 ed with vaſt works by Septimizs Severus, and hadthe
name of Vallum given it. Guidus Panciolus likewiſe |
atlirms that Severus only repatra Hadrian's wall
which was fall'n.
25 the great glory of his Government : whereupon he took
the name of * Bricannicus. He cleard Britain ( fays
Aurelius Victor ) of the enemy , and tenc'd in as
mucit of it with a Wall, as was for his intereſt.
Which alſo we meet with in Spartian. And Eutro-
pius ; That Le might make the utmoſt proveiſcons for the
jecur:ty of the Provinces he bad got, be drew @ /Vall for
25- mules togetber ( read 80 ) fi 1” ja 10 jt. Hind be
found it nece//ary (ſays Orolius ) to /ef.:rate with allall
that part of the Iſlznd he bad po{\c/, @ £1377; if of, ſreom tbe
cther N-tions that were WnConguer d, For which rea/on he
drew a preat Ditch, and buiit a (frong Wall, furtify'd
with fe viral Towers. from jea to jea, fur t 22. miles. Bode
agrees with him ; bur is not wiiing to heheve chat!
Severus builta Wall; urging, that a 34urazs Or Val
aww & js of fone, but a Vallum is made of pales (call d 1'al-
Faſam.
tian Calls it Aurzs, and hints that Severtiis built both
Cy 1] Mal = T7
11cSD. prd Fallum 1n Brit anna m!! 1.
Wall oi turt ; and it cannot be aitimd with any
truth, that Severus's Wall was oi {rone. Llowever, | «cy and rum which 15 at this day ſo wviſivle in the Empire.
take Bede's own words: Severus bawing quired 5he Ci |
” p ;
wil Commotions ( at that time wery Winn;
Oo A T L , o . T; — i,
mto Bri;oin by &:moſr a generat atjci ci 500
T here, after ſeverat great ang 67, cul OgEOOts, "
thoup bt it nece;;ary to [eparate that Fai of Tac 11.4% B, had
F 7 b os 7 -* 2 a ? ,
recover d, fremithe orbir Natiins that Wire wiconquer'd
j4 z
::h a Yailum
4 P '
Not W3i!E 4 Murus » 4s [0774 1131
Py £ = " = p
Now (+ Mu:ius iſ ( : M , F 4
F S0C
—
He (\ays Capitolinus ) enquer'd the |
He ( lays Spartian ) /ecur'd Britam
t'} 4 IF::@ UrGMN acroſs toe land, from ſea [0 [6 3 which |
li) and turts ; (notwithſtanding wick , *cis certain |
that V«i/um and Muras are usd promiicuoutly.) >par- |
. a Murns and Vallum, in theſe words , Pojt Murum a- |
D:.t ONe may gather |
trom Bede, that this /'a//um was nothing elle bur a;
% :
' go \ ©
(OIChE OAT |
j LiS AIbe5Cfy.
—_E. -
” ———
——
—_ mmm
—
' Ditch before it , out of which the turf bas been digg'd;
' and ſtrong Paliſadoes of wood ail along the brink. Severys
therefore drew a great Ditch , and built a ſtrong earthey
| Wall, fortify d with ſewers! Towers from ſea to {ea
| Nor is it exprelt by any other word than Vallum, ej.
| ther in Antonmus or the Neotitia: and in Britiſh 'is
call'd Guall-Sever. Take allo what Ethelwerd ( the
| moſt ancient Writer we have, next Bede) has ſaid
| of Severus: He drew a Ditch acreſs the foreſaid I/land
| from ſea to ſea, and within it built 8 * Wall with Tower, +; X
and Forts, This he alterwards calls Fofſ/a Severia ; as
alſo our ancient Saxon-Annals. Sevepur Bmtenlans
| MID IC FOPZyN> xnam $22 OS Sx, 1. E. Sewverns part ;1;
Britain with a dike from (ca to ſea. And other Annals of
larer date, $evenur on Bpytene ZepopÞt peal of tun.
| fum xpam Sx To >X.1.C. Severus mate a Wall of turf lor a
; Vatlum) from (ea ro ſez. Malmesbury allo calls it :/-
emment and | amons Ditch, In the place whereot a Wall
| of ſtone was built about 222 years ater ; of which we
ſhall have occaſion to ſpeak by and by.
As to Eutropius making the length 35. miles, Vi-
ctor 32. and other Authors 132. | tancy this ditt:
rence has roſe from a corruption in the Numeral:
For the Ifland is not 132. miles broad at this place,
even tho* you reckon the winding courſe of the Wall
over hills and valleys; and it you take your ccm-
putation according to the Italian miles, you'l make
It amount to little more than 80. as Spartian has tru-
ly ſtated the account. A tew years after, they feem
to have begun to neplect this Wall. But when the
Emperour Alexander Severus ( as we read in Lam. Ws
pridius) bad given ſuch Lands as were taken from tle *®
Enemy to the Frontier gariſons and their Officers ( [o that |
all was to be theirs, upen condition that their heirs 149 **
were brought up im the ſervice of the Empire, and no at- C
tempt Was mace to convert them to private uſes ; ) imagi. <"®
ring they would be more diligent and couragions when they
' fought for therr own : (I defire.particular notice may be
carin of this, becauſe here we have either the original
of Feudal-tenures,or at leaſt a ſpecies ofthem: )then the 0:
Romans pals'd the Wall, and tixing in the Barbarian's *©*
Country, built and mann'd gariſons,and by degrees car-
ried che bounds of theEmpire as far as Bedetria.Not bu
the Barbarians by trequent fallies and skirmiſhes now
and then drove them back to Severus: Wall.Dioclelian
took great Care to keep his ground, under whom the
government of Bricain was granted to Carauſus, as
a perlon every way fit to engage ſuch adelperate war:
like People ; and he(as we ſhall obſerve in its proper
place) (| fet up the old Barrier between Glortra and K;
dotria., Conſtantine the Great is the firſt we find cen
lurd tor neglecting this Boundary. For Zoftimus lays, ;
That when the atmo#t bounds of the Roman Empire were,
by the wiſe conduct of Ducleſtan, fortify d with 1owns,Ca-
[fies, and Burrows, wherem all our Troops were pariſow'd ;
it Was not Pol/:91e for the Barbarians to make mroads , the
Enemy being planted in all parts for their reception. But
Conſtantine quitting that cus/um of Forts and Gari/ons,
; remo d the better balf of the Souldiers from the Frontiers
:mto Towns that had no occaſion for them , and ſo both ex-
pos d the Marches to the fury of the Barbarians, and pe-
[ter d the Cittes, that had livd auictly and undi/turb d,
with quarttring of Souldiers 5 by which means (evera! if Ti:
$Hem were lefe del late Ww1ithuut Inhabitants. The Se ids bu 6:
ers themſelves he effeminated with ſhrws and pleaſures ; 5-5
| and im awerd, laid the firſt foundation of that pradus!
C
7
i1;;c Country between the ewo Frontier-teices '
was fo entirely recoverd by Theodeſins, father of x
[heodotius the Emperour, that he built Cities in it, +
tortity'd it with Caitles, Garifons, and Barriers 3 an!
having thus recover'd it, ſo compleatly reduc it to, aka
the tormer condition, as to fer over it a * lawtil
(z0vernour, and have it cail'd atria, in honou ©!
' Vaientinan.
; Courage had promoted him to the Empire, took
ticular care ot the Frontiers , and conmanced
"Þ
,
#
$71(): »
' y K PF
tc Mariſter Offciorum (or Sciut-17a%er- Genera!
/
— - —-
. . * . '
% bias, IT "4 | $14 WITT] Ga .
P11L
-
*1t) 2. e. all-along the wall, on both tides, there lay in
43
. ta carry on ſuch a great work) it ſignified nothing. SO
'* day. It begins at a'molt two miles diſt ance from the Mo-
-», them kereatter. Concerning what tollow'd, Bede
Al J s? y p F: , _
_ their Allies, whom they were now forc'd to leave) built a
” —_ 0———
— —eD— <u_ <a <w
every year ſignite to the Emperour how the Souldiery
ſtood, and what care was taken of the Caſtles and
Fences. But when the affairs of the Empire bzgun
viſibly to run to ruin, and the Picts and Scots break-
ing through the Turf-wall at Bodotria, made havock
of all theſe parts, the Roman Legion under Gallio
of Ravennas, was ſent to their afliſtance, and re-
puls'd the Barbarians. Bur being recalPd for the de-
tence of Gaul, they advisd che Britains ( take ir in
the very words of Gildas and Bede) to buiid a Wall
croſs the Jland berween the two Seas, which might ſecure
them agam#t the Incurſions of the Enemy ; and ſo return'd
home in great triumph. But the Iſlanders building ths
IVall * not of ſtone but of turf (as wanting skilfui band;
Gildas cells us, that being built wp of turf, not of ſtone,
and that by an unskilful rabble, without any Direflor , ut
Hood them im no ſtead. Concerning the place where
this Wall was built, Bece goes on thus : Now they
made it between the two arms or boſoms of the ſea, for a
great many miles togetber ; that where the Waters did
not defend them , tle Wall might be a ſecurity againſt
the Incurſions of the Enemy. (Such a Wall as this , bart
of a vaſt length, defended Aiſyria againſt toreign
Invaſions, as Marcellinus has told us. And the + Cb:-
ne/e at this day (as we read in Oforius) fence their
V alleys and Plains with Walls, to affiſt them in keep-
ing out the Scythians. ) Of which work 1 E. of a wery
broad and high Wall, the expreſs footſteps are viſible at this
ery Abercuruinig on the Eaſt, in a place cal'4 m the
Langu i7e of the Pits Penuahel, but in the Engli:ſh Pe-
nucltun : and ſo running Weſlward , ends hard by the
City Alcluith. But their old Enemies, aſſoon as they un-
deritood the Roman Legion was gone, preſently ſet ſail,
throw down the bounds, put all to the ſword, and ( as u
were) mow them like ripe Corn, trample under foot and
over -run all in ther way. Upon thus they ſend Ambaſſ 1
dours to Rome once more, who in a moſt melancholy _—
deſire aſſiſtance, that their miſerable Country may not bc
quite ruin'd, ard the name of a Roman Province (which
bad ſo long flouriſht among them) be thrown outand brought
under contempt by the in/olence of foreign Nations. A Le-
gion is again ſent over, which ſurpriſing them im Autumn
(when they did not ſo much as dream of them ) ſlew preat
numbers of the Enemy, and drove back ſuch as could make
their eſcape, over the arm of the Sea : whereas before that,
toe w'd to keep their ſet 1/14 for invaſions and plunder:
every year, without any manner of diſt urbance.
And now the Roinans retir'd to Severus's wall, and
along the Lea Valli (as the Notutia, which was writ
about the latter end of Theodofius the younger, has
pariſon five || wings of Hole, with their Prafe&#s,tifreen
Cohorts of Foor with their Tribunes, one * band, and
one ſquadron. But cheſe we have ſpoke of in their
proper places ; and ſhall have occat;on to mention
Then the Romans told the Britains once
F "RE DOE 5 /
£0Cs On (h;us,
for all, the old-not endure luch toillome exnedition
j vt 64 6# ” PF 4 FE - / C 057 & F/ ( Ee OH C [141 $01:,07 # C & Pc (46+ 4s, '1j
. ſ A # #4 I — / |
for the:y defence , but aawis'd them by al. means to vetake
" /* np S x O x / J
HCI, eoVes TO THY Arms, and fo Apute the cauſe with the
#
, pF , p
ene} 3 urge «ing, 124; ILY wanied nothing [9 ve ,00
, . 4 & ' 4 / *
Y” rt owly to nut th _ | 71;
bard ſuv 77's /7 Þ bu: C7.s} 49; Null; + ”.11 HR) way of HUT.
-xt x / / J / ” , <a
Toe Romans al'o ( hoping that mig 9t be of conjequence 10
Jirons wall of |! one jrom [ea to fea, direflly al:yg by thoſe
cities which had been (e:3'd there for fear of the enemy.
(where alſo Severns had formerly made bas wall.) | will
ailo ſrt down here Gildas's words, from whom Bede
had this. The Romans, at the publick and private expence,
19ning to themſelves the aſſiſtance of the miſerable inyabi-
tants, raisd a wall (not like that other) from ſea to ſea,
according to their uſual manner of building ,a!ong by toe cities
that hid been contriv d here and there for fear of toe enemy.
The PICTS WALL. _
Ce ee EE O—
— .— <—
- ——_
ſo much zeal and cagerne avain!t Boerias and the
other Scotch writers, that Severus's wall was in Scot-
land. Does not Bede, after he has done with thac
Vallum at Abercuruing in Scotland, expreſly tell us of 4
wall ot ſtone built in the place of Severus's rut wall 2
and where, pray, ſhould this ftone-wall be, but be-
eween 7Tinmouth and Solway friih? and was nor Seve-
rus's Valium there too ? The remains of a wall are
all along fo very viſible, that one may follow the
rack ; and in the [| //aſtes I ray felt have ſeen pieces,
ol it for a long way together {ſtanding entire, '
except the batcitements only that are thrown
down [dd].
For 1 have oblerv'd the tracks of ic running won-
dertully up the mountains, and down again ; thac
where the fields are plain and open, there lies a b: 024
and deep ditch all along the outlide of it, on!y in
lome places ir's filld up ; and on the inlide a Cau-
ley or military way, but very often broke and Gil:
continu'd. It had great numbers of towers or little
caſtles a mile one from another, call'd now Ca///:-
pu a » * *x* 3 . 4
/teeds ; and on the inlide afort of fortify'd little towns,
whereof, in ſome places, appear in a ſquare form.
Theſe had towers between them, wherein the foul-
diers were always in readinels to reccive the Barba-
[kations. Theſe Areans were an order of men in{*ituted by
the ancients, whoſe buſineſi tt was (as Marcellinus tells
US) to make excurſions mto the enemy's country, and grve
mmtell;nence of their motzons to our officers. 50 that the
ficſt tounders f:2m to have follow'd the counſel of him
who writ a Book to Theodotius and his fons concerning
the Arts of Var. For thus ke has it : One of the preat
mtereſts of the Common wealth us, the care of the frontiers
of the empire, which would be ſo much the better ſccur'd
by good numbers of caſtles, built at a mile's diſtance from
one another, with a firm wall and ſtrong towers : Nos at
the publick charge, but the contributions of ſuch as haz
lands thereabouts ; who are to keep watch and ward in
theſe and the fields all about, that the quiet of the Provinces
( girt as it were round, and circled in) may be preſerved
without the leaſt diſturbance. "The Inhabitants cell you
(whereof they now and then find pieces) fo artiti-
that upon the apprehenſion of danger at any tingl-
place, by the founding of it, notice might be given
co the next, then to the third, and fo on. Such a
wonderful contrivance as this, Xiphilin mentions ou:
of Dio, ſpeaking of the towers at Conſtantinople, it
the Hiſtory of Severus. But now, tho' the walls be
down,and no ſuch thing as a irumper to be met with,
yet ſeveral hereabouts hold manoutrs and lands of the
upon condition that they give their neighbours
notice of the incurlion of the enemy by ſounding - of
a horn ; which ſome imagine to be a remain ot the
old Roman cuſtom. 'Fhey were alſo bound to /erve
in the Scotch wars, upon the King's ſummons, (as *tis Cx-
prefs'd trom the publick Recoids,) im their march th:-
ther, in the van ; but m their return, in the rear.
rately : it begins at Blatum Bulzium, or Bulneſ, rpon
the Iriſh fea; fo keeps along the fide of Frith of Eden
by Burg upon Sands, to I.ugwoallurm Or Carhlle, Where
ic paſſes the [tuna or Eden. Thence it runs along
with the river I1-thing below it, and paſſes the wind-
ing little river of Cambeck,where are the vait marks ct.
a Caltle. Afcerwards pafling the rivers I-:b;rg and Pe/-
zroſſe, 16 enters Northumberland, and through thoſe
crowding mountains runs along with the river call'd
Seuth-Twme without any interruption (ſave only ar
North-Tine, over which it was formerly continued by
L130 * , — # 4 f
But to return to Beds. Which wall, 'o much talk'd of,
5 GY | 69-2 as
Os viſible at this day, built at the puviick end private
exvence, by the joynt labour of thy Romans and Britains, |
a bridge) to the very German ocean ; as I ſhall ſhzw
in the proper place when | come to Northumberland.
Bur this ſtructure, however great and wonderful,
was eight foot bread and twelve b:7h, runu:s:3 in a direct | was not able to ſtop the incurtions of the enemy ;
ne {rom eaſt to weſt, as 1 p/.aim at ths day to any 15:s tor no fooner had the Romans letc Britain, bur the
1a!l trace it. From which words of Bede, 'tis plain, Picts and Scots furprize them, make an attempt up-
that a certain learned man, initead of hitting the on the wall, pull down the Guards with their crook-
mark, put out his own LyCs,
|
]
when he athrm'd with ed weapons, break through the fortifications, and
make
which they call to this day Chefers, the foundations Cllrs.
1ans, and the Areans (whom that Theodofius bur juſt ,
now mention'd,remov'd for cheir treachery ) had their 2/4;
that there was allo a brazen || Trumper or Pipe #754.
cially laid in the wall between each caltle and tower, ttc 1 vice.
King in Cornage (as the Lawyers word it) namely, ,.
But to mark out the track of the /Yall more accu- The track
of the walk
LAGS ET EE os ——_—
SI AS Io OE GEE EC OO Cy I To Cr
4 MID: 5 Chanel S -
” 9A OI 0 DSS as Ma OA EIGEN» Ee A A ABCS OLA PUG =
<5 Sir PEI Gt, >,
1 940 "fs ener net > >.> oy
R—— _s
Gree a my moron gw tiges T.
— ——— -- OO —— —- -
— — — ——
—” — o—_—C—c ——->————c —_—_
BRIGANTES,
make a ſtranzz havock of Britain, which was before | they may juſtly, by their ſtay there, be compar d to herd; «*
almoſt ruin'd with civil wars, and a mo{t grievous | wild. beaſts ; for theſe miſerable people d1d not ſick to v4
® . . . . |
famin2 ; but Gidas, a Britain, who livd not long}
after, deſcribes to you the moſt deplorable calamities
of thoſe times: The Romans being drawn home, there
deſcend m great crowds from the luttle narrow bores of
* Thing rhe;r * Caroghes or Carts, wherem they were brought
2 ras over the | Stitick Vale, about the middle of ſummer, in a
Frrl» Ships ſcorching bot ſeaſon, a duskiſh ſwarm of vermine, or hide-
PYRO . :
4* VS tid y 0111 CYOCW of Scots and Picks, ſomewhat diff erent in 31 .11-
Caro. ]
T Stizica mers, but all alike thirſting after blood, 8£C. who finding
Greg — that the old conſederates | the Romans were march'd
Pari:c:tion home, and refs d to return any more, pit on greater bo!d-
reans 12” neſs than ever, and pojjeſs'd themſclues of all the north, and
p>tibly the tbe remote parts of th: Kingdom, to the wery wall ; as if
0 ſea. they were the true native proprietors. To withſtand this
invaſion, the towers | along the wall ] are defended by a
lazy gari/on, undiſcipln'd, and too coward!y to engage anl\ the heart of the Province 3
enemy ; bens enfeebled with continual ſloth and lene. | by in Northumberland.
— > — — ———
CE EE is
> a
one another for ſupplys of vituals; ſo that in-bred d:"\x-
tions enhanc d the miſery of their foreign ſufferings, ant
brought things to that paſs by this ſþoi! and robbery, th:
meat (the ſupport of life) was wanting in the County;,
and no comfort of that kind to be bad, but by recourſe ty
hunting.
Thus much 1s farther obſervable, That as the pru. __
dence of che Romans did {» contrive this Wall as ty .**
have on the inſide of it two great rivers ( the Tins &n:
and Ir:hing, divided only by a narrow flip of land )
which might be as it were another fence ; fo the cun.
ning Barbarians, in their attempts upon it, commonly
mad? choice of thatpart of the wall between the rivers
chat after they had broke thorow, they might have
no rivers in their way, but have a clear pallage into
as we will ſhew by and
As for the odd {tories of the
In the mean while the n:ked enemy advance with ther | common people concerning this wall, I purpoſely
hooked weapons, by ww1ch the miſerab!e Britains are pu/Pd | onut them 3 but one thing there is which I will nor
down from the tops of the walls, and daſh'd againſt the| keep f:om the Reader, becauſe I had it confirm'd by
CN
TYOuH3ws.
rape | h, that they eſcaped tho/e miſerab!:
iT7Te 1 an un! mey death, that they eſcaped 1h9/e miyeray,
(uffermgs which immeduately befel their brethren and c<1/.
Tet rboſe why were deſtroys thus had ths advan | perſons of 00d credit.
«| moſt of the neighbourhood, handed down by Tra-
dren. To be ſhort, having quitted therr Cities and the high
wall, they betock them|elves to flight, dizbanding gm'0 a
more deſperate and hopetcſs diſperſion than ever. St1/l the
Enemy gave them chaſe ; ſtill more cruct puniſhment s were
prepar d ; as L.ambs by the bloody butcher, ſo were theſe
There is a per{waſion among
dion, that the Roman gariſons upon the frontiers,
planted in theſe parts abundance ot Medicinal Plants.
tor their own uſe. Whereupon the Scotch Emperickv..
Surgeons come to gather them every year in the he.
ginning cf Summer ; the vertue whereof havins
tound by long experience, they magnitie very much,
poor Creatures hew'd to preces by their enemies. So that | and afhrm it to be very loveraign, x ec |.
$9 ee IS ns ea
ADDIIIONS to CUMBERLAND.
rally thought to be deriv'd trom
IE the ancient Cambrz, 1s yet by a* late
ofLa learned Author ferch'd from our
en Camber, with relation to the lakes and mountains that
encinber it, and make it difficult tor travellers to pals.
+ The County is not rated in Dom+/day-book, being 1n
ps William the Conqueror's time miſerably harab'd and
deltroy*d by the >cots
b | To go along with our Author : The firſt
Lords of Mzl/um ltil'd themſelves de Millum, as Willi-
am de Millum, and Henry de Milum about Henry
the tirſt's time. But inthe time ot Henry che third
the heirels of Adam de Millum transterr'd it by mar-
riage to her husband John Adudieſton ; whoſe poſterity
now enjoys 1t.
TS bn Ne The ſtones mention'd by our Author upen
men Hardinott, are poſhibly the ruins of fome Church or
Chapel, buiit upon the mountain. For Worms in
1s Damnilh Monument s elves inſtances ot the like 1n
Denmark ; and it was thought an extraordinary piece
cf devotion, upon the planting of Chriſtianity in
cheſe parts, to erect Creſſes and build Chapels in the
moſt eminent places, as being both nearer Heaven,
and more conipicuous : they were commonly dedi-
cated to St. Archael, That large Tract of Moun-
rains on the Eaſt-ſide of the County, cail'd CroS-Fells,
had the name given them upon that account ; for
belore, they were calld Femes-Fell, or Dewils-Fell ;
and ÞP://om a fmall town under them , is contracted
Irom Dewv!!'s Town.
d' On the bank of the river It is the Manour
and Town of Irten, or Ir:mmdale, now in the poſſefhon
ot an ancient family of that name ; of which Ra-
dulphis de Irron, Biſhop of Carliſle, A. D. 1280. was a
branch.. The Muſc/e-Pearls are frequently found in o-
ther rivers hereahouts ; as alſo in Wales and foreizn
Countries. Sir 7ovn Narborough in his late Voyage to
/
lillom.
[:ton.
the Magellanick Straits, A. D. 1670. tells us, he Nh
with many of them there. Abundance of Mnſcles,
(frys he, pag. 7.) and many Seed pearls im every a
Umberland, in Saxon Cumbpa lands, | And Sic Richard Hawkins, who had been there
and Cumep-lano, and by Simeon | him, affirms the ſame thing in kis 0O5/erwar;ons prin:
Dunelmentis Cumbreland, tho' gene- | ted 1622, p. 88. adding alſo, that the Muſcles ave wr;
2etore
good Diet. There is lately a Patent granted to foms
Gentlemen and othe;s, for Pear/-fiſhing in this river;
bue whether it will curn to any account is uncertain
tor they are not very plentiful here ; and it they arc
a Valuable commodity, they might be had in ahun-
dance, and at no extraordinary charge f:om the Sra:;
of Mavellan.
Tacitus (inthe Lite of Agrico/a) takes notice thy:
the Britiſh Pearls are ſubfuſca ac [ivmtia 5 but that
character ought not to have been given in general
terms. Bede's account (Hiſt. Eccl. 1. r. c. 1.) 15 niore
juſt ; where he ſays they are of all co!ou:s Thot:
that are not bright and ſhining ſand ſuch indeed are
the moſt of what we meet with in 7, hm, &c.)
are ulually call'd Sand-pear!, which are as uſctul in
Phy ſick as the tineſt, tho' not fo valuable in beauty.
The great Naturaliſt of our Age Dr. Liter (Ge Cech.
Fluv. ſec. 2.)fays he has found 1:xteen of thoſe in cn:
Muſcle ; and aſſerts of 'em all, that they are only $:-
ne/centium Muſculorum vita. :
.e] At S. Bees the holy Virgin S. Beo2 is ſaid to +
have founded a Nunnery ; but it doesnot appear thc:
'rwas ever endow'd, or that it continued for any time
as a voluntary Sociery. Ir is probable enough chat
'twas ruin'd and difpers'd in the civil wars betore tl
Conqueſt ; and that the Priory of Benediftines bull
and endow'd afterward: by William de Micenzs, 735 in
the ſame place. Here is a good Grammar-{-h0!,
tounded and endow'd by Edmund Grindal Archbiil
of Canterbury, born here. I* has a Library beior :-
ing to it, and is much improv'd by the muniticenc?
of Dr. Lamplugh late Archt hop of York, Dr. £:::
the preſent Biſhop of Carliſle, >ir Foba Low:ber 0!
Whiehaven,and others. Therig.'t of preſenting 2 \'n
:
:
|
ſter is inthe Provoſt and Fellow: of Queen's Colle .c
. . . . "I " 1 þ
in Oxford; to which Society its Founder was allo 4 |
conſiderable BenetaRor.
Below S. Bees is Iſhite-bhawen, fo calld from ti:
white rocks and clitfs that are near it. *Tis chie!!)
beholden for it's improvement, to Sir John Lowe”,
4
Vil 9)
—' DT ——_— —— ——— —— —— —— ——
CUMBER L A ND.
who takes his title of diſtintion from it, and has a
conſiderable eſtate there.
[f] To Keſwick and the Pariſh of Crofbwait ( in
341
—— —— —
[4R* WARE: $þ} N;IPRAFF: JE TH}
© 4 0 . s - -
which it lyes) was given a conſiderable benetaction Þ' FR: RD:>ER: AR: X: BRFEF Fl
for the erecting of a ManufaQture-houſe, and main- | Now, theſe kind of Characters are welt enough known
raining the Poor, by Sir Foby Banks Knight,Actorney | ( lince Ol. Wormiws's great Induſtry in making us ac-
General temp. Car. 1. who ( as I take it ) was born | quainted with the Literaturs Rwunica) to have bin chie-
here. The Charity is ſtill preferv'd, and well diſpos'd fly uſed by the Pagan inhabicants of Denmark, Swe-
of den, and the other Northern Kingdoms ; and the
'g] Upon the Font at Bridekirk, it ſeems very | Danes areſaid to have {warmed moſtly in theſe parts of
lain that the figures are no other than the Pictures | our and. Which two conſiderations, ſeem weighty
of S. Fobn Baptiſt and our Saviour baptized by him in | enough to perſwade any man at firlt ſight co con-
the river Jordan : the deſcent of the Holy Ghoſt in | clude, that the Font is a Daniſh Monument. But
the ſhape of a Dove, is very plain. As to the In- | then on the other hand, we are ſuffciently aſſured,
ſcription, what our Author was puzl'd with, has been | that the Heathen Saxons did allo make uſe of theſe
fince diſcoverd by the ingenious and learned Anti-| Rune ; as is plainly evident from the frequent men-
quary Mr. William N:colſon, Arch-deacon of Car- tion of Run-cpxfeizen and Run-rcapax in many of the
lide, who ſome years ago exprels'd his thoughts of it; Monuments ot chat Nation, both in Print and Ma-
at large in the following Letrer to Sir Hiliam Dug. nuſcript {tiil to be mer with. Beſidzs, we muſt not
JL forget that both Danes and Saxons are indebted tothis
Kingdom for their Chriſtianity: and therefore thus far
their p:erenſions to a Runic ( Chriſtian ) Monument
may be thought equal. Indeed fome of the Letters
(as D, 2 and J) ſeem purely Saxon, being not to
be met with among Wormus's many Alphabets : and
the words themſelves ( it I miſtake them not) come
nearer to the ancient Saxon Dialect, than the Daniſh.
However, let the Inſcription ſpeak for it ſelf: and I
queſtion not but 'twill convince any competent and
worthy 4 perion I know you were pleal. ' 70 make. judicious Reader, that "tis Daniſh. Thus therefore |
your own obſervations upon it, in your vilcation of | have ventur'd co read and explain it ;
theſ2 parts, when Norroy : and 1 ſhall hop? chat you |
will give me an opportunity of re&itying, by yours, | Er Ekard han min egrocten, and to dis men red wer
my following conjectures. | Taner men brogten. 1. E.
+ 1. The Fabrick of this Monument does, I think, | Here Ekard was converted ; and to this Man's exam-
fai-ly enough evince, that 'tis Chriſtian ; and that i: | ple were the Danes brought.
is now uſed to the ſame purpoſe for which it was at |
firſt deſigned. Mr. Camden (tho? not acquainted | There are only two things in the Inſcription (thus in-
with the Characters of che Inſcription, yet) ſeems to | terpreted ) that will nced an Explanation.
fancy thus much : and, for proof ot his opinion, | 1: Who this Ekard was. And this is indeed a Que-
Honour d Sir, Carl:le, Nov. 23. 1685.
MI Y Worthy and good Lord, our Bithop, was late-
bi ly p.cat.d to acquaint me, that you were de-
firous to have my thoughts of the Inſcription on the
Font at Bridekirk in this County. I am. 1:7, extreme-
ly conſcious of the raſhne(s of bringing any thing
of mins tothe view of ſo diſ-erning an Antiquary ;
but, withal, very tender of diſybeying 2 great and
brings a notable quotation out of 5 Paulinw's Epiltles. | Rion of that difficulty, that I confe(s I am not able
But he needed not to have ſent us ſo far off for a | exaaly to anſwer it. The proper name it ſelf is or-
Voucher ; if he had taken good notice of the Ima- | dinary enough in the Northern Hiſtories, though va-
ery on the Eaſt ſide of this ſtone ; as 1 doubt nor, | Tiouſly written : as, Echardus, Echinardus, Egmardus,
ir, but you have done. We have there, fairly re- | Ecardus, and Eckhardus. "Tis certainly a name of
preſented, a perſon in a long Sacerdotal Habit dip- | Valour, as all others of the liketermination ; fuch as
ping a Child into the water ; and a Dove (the Em: | Bernhard, Everhard, Gothard, Reinhard, &C. So that it
blem, no doubt, of the H. Ghoſt) hovering over the In- | May well become a General, or other great Officer
fant. Now, Sir, I need not acquaint you, that the | in the Daniſp Army : and ſuch we have juſt reaſon to
Sacrament of Baptiſm was anciently adminiſtred by | believe him to have been, who is here drawn into an
plunging into the water, in the Weſtern as well | <xample for the reſt of his Countrymen. Our
as Eaſtern parts of the Church ; and that the Gerbic | Hiſtorians are not very particular n their accounts
word A ANTIGAN (Mer. 1.8. and Luc.3.7. & 12.) of the ſeveral Incurſions and Victories of the Danes,
the German word Cauffen, the Dan; Dobe, and the | and their own writers much more impertect : and
Belgic DOOPen, do as cicarly make out that practice,
as the Greek word Bari» : Nor, that they may all}
ſem to be deriv'd from [4/r1«y | another word of the
lame Language and ſignitication, and are evidently
akin to our Engl:ſh TtÞ, Deep,and Ocpth. Indeed,
our Saxon Anceſtors expreſſed the Action of Baptiſm
by a word of a different import from the reſt. For,
in the fore-mention'd place of S. Mark's Goſpel their
Tranſlation has the Text thus : ic eop pulhze on
fzTene, he eop pullaS on halzgum Zarre, 1. e. Ego w2s
aquw Baptizo ; ille vos Spiritu Santo Baptizabit.
Where the word fulhan or fuligean ſignifies only
limply Lavare : Whence the Latin word Fullo, and
Our Fuller have their original. But from hence to
conclude, that the Saxons did not uſe dipping in the
dacrament of Baptiſm, is ſomewhat too harſh an Ar-
gument,
2. There are other Draughts on the North and |
Weſt ſide of the Font,which may very probably make
lor our purpoſe : but with theſe (as not thorowly un-
derſtanding them, and having not had an opporcuni- |
ty of getting them drawn in Paper) I ſhall not trou-|
ble you at preſent.
2. On the South ſide of the ſtone we have the in-|
[:ription, which I have taken care accurately to write |
Out ; and 'tis as follows :
therefore, in caſes of this nature, we mult content our
2Ives with probable conjectures.
2. Han men egrotten ; which, render'd verbatim, is
Have men turn'd, i. e. was turn'd. A phraſe, to this
day, very familiar in moſt diale&s of the ancient Cel::c
tongue, though loſt in our Engliſh. In the High- Dutch
'tis eſpecially obvious ; as, Man Saget, Man bat geſagt,
Man lobet, &c. and the French imperfonals (On 4,
On fair, &c.) are of the ſame ſtrain ; and evident Ar-
2uments that the Teutonick and Gaul;ſp Tongues weie
anciently near akin.
The Characters Þ + and Y are manifeſt Abbre-
viations of ſeveral I.ctters into one ; of which fort we
have great variety of examples in ſeveral of WWormias's
Books : And ſuch I take the Letrer Þ) to be, inſtead
of E and Þ; and not the Saxon D. I mult believe
"7 to be borrowed from the Saxons ; and 2 | take
to be a corruption of their Þ or W, The relt has lic-
tle of difficulty in it. Only che Language of the whole
ſeems a mixture of the Daniſh and Saxon Tongues ;
but that can be no other than the naturaleffe& of the
ewo Nations being jumbled together in this pare of
the World. Our Borderers, to this day, ſpeak a leaſh
of Languages ( Britiſh, Saxon, and Daniſh) in one ; and
'tis hard to dzrermine which of thoſe three Nations
has the greateſt ſhare in the Motly Breed.
Sir, your, Oc.
W.N.
"*Ggg [h] More
PT KI1GCGA#2NFES.
Dalemavn
Penrith,
Plywpron-
þÞ4! Ke
* Chron,
Lane: Co
A (102,
| h] More Northward upon the Weſtern-ſhore, is | ciently the poſſeflion of a family of that name; of
Bulneſs, where are frequently found Roman Coins | whom it was erred the Fletchers, who have
and Inſcriptions; and not long ſince was dug op a | much improv'd it in buildings, walks, gardens, &c
{mall brazen figure of a Mercury, or a Videory. It is that now 'tis one of the pleaſanteſt ſeats in this Coun.
in the cuſtody of Fobn Aglionby Eſq; a curious pre- | try. "Tis now the dwelling place of tir Georp:
ſerver of all ſuch valuable remains of Antiquity. Fletcher, Knight and Baronet,to whole care and con-
(i) Ar the very place where the brave an yaliant | trivance it 1s chiefly beholden for its Improvements,
King Edward the firſt expir'd (the memory whereof | The eſtate is within the Haia de Plompton, and + held ** +
had been preſerv'd by ſome great ſtones roll'd upon of the King by this Service among(t others, that the ** *
it) is erected a very fair ſquare Pillar, nine yards and | Lord of Hutron, ſhall Tenere /tippam: ſellz Domini Regs,
2 half in hejght. On the Weſt-ſide of it 15 this In- | dum equum ſuum in Caſtro [no Carlio!s fcanderit , or hold
{cription, in Rn Roman I etters . | the King's ſtirrop at Carliſle-Caſtle.
| [aq] Roſe Cafthe, in our Author's time, might be 34,
Memoria eterne Edvardi 1. Regs Anglie longe what he terms it, N:itzdum Caftellum ; but in the Ci-
clariſſimi, qui in Belli apparatu contra Scotes vil wars it was burnt down by order of Col. Hever.
occupatus, hic in Caſtrs obitt, 7. Fultj, A.D.1307. | ingham, An. 1652. What was ſtanding of it at the
| Reſtoration, Dr. Stern, then Biſhop , repair'd , and
On the South-ſide : ' made habitable. Dr. Rainbow his ſucceſſor, built a |
Nobiliſſimus Princeps,Henricus Howard, Dux Nor- | jk and put the Houſe in ſomewhat better | Ga
folcie, Comes Mareſball. Anglia, Comes Arund. | condition. Dr. Thomas Smith, the prelent Bilhop, has
Oc... .. ab Edvardo 1. Repe Anglia oriundus | added a new Tower to the former building ; and by
P. 1685. ; the great expence he has been at in altering and
| beautifying , has made it a very convenient Houle :
On the North-ſide: | but 'ris ſtill far ſhort of its former magnificence. King
Johannes. Aglionby F. C. F. C. i. e. Zuriſconſulrus | Edward the firſt in his expedition againſt Scorland
fieri fecit, — Beneath ; Tho. Lang ſtone fecit, 1685. | lodg'd here, and dated his "Writs, for ſummoning a
Parliament, apud le Roſe.
[k | Near Dacre ſtands Dalemayn,the Manſion-houſe (7 More Northward is Carh/le ; whither a Colo- C.
of Edward Haſſe! Eſq; hotden of the Barony of Gray- | ny of Southern Engliſh-men were ſent in the time of
ſtock in Cornage. | William Rufus , as our Author tells us. The Saxon
[1] In the Church-yard at Penrith, on the North- | Chronicle, indeed, has it Eyplycer polcex, which at
ſide of the Church, are erected two large Pillars of | firſt ſight ſhould ſeem to be an errour for Enxliycex ;
about four yards in height each; and about five yards | and fo our Author's aſſertion were made good. Bur
diſtant one from the other. *Tis laid , they were ſet | *tis undoubtedly an errour of the Librarian for Cyp-
in memory of one Sir Ewen Czſarius Knight, in old | hycex, and fo the words imply, That a greatnumber
time a famous warriour of great ſtrength and ſtature, | of Hurbandmen were ſent thither,and not Engliſh-men,
who liv'd in theſe parts, and kill'd wild Boars in che | for before that time, the Inhabitants of Carliſle were
foreſt of Englewood, which much infeſted the Coun- | Engliſh. And what follows in the Saxon Chronick
try. He was bury'd here, they ſay, and was of ſuch | Sac land co tihanne, ſtrengthens the conjecture, ex-
a prodigious ſtature, as to reach from one pillar to | prefling the errand upon which they were ſent ; wiz.
the other ; and they tell you that the rude figures of | ro cultivate rhoſe parts, To this Colony it is, that all
Bears which are done inftone, and ereted ewo on | the Records aſcribe the firſt tillage that was known
each ſide of his Grave between the Pillars, are in | thereabouts. *Tis certain, the whole foreſt of Ingl:-
memory of his great Exploits upon theſe Crea- | wood lay uncultivated for many years after. This
utes. grand benefac&tion to Cumberland,is plac'd by Matihew
On the North out-fide of the Veſtry in the wall, | Paris, and our other Hiſtorians, under the year 093.
in rude Characters, there is this writing, for a Me- | only the Saxon Chronicle fays it was in 1092.
morandum to poſterity. Fuit peſt, &Cc. i.e. There Our Author mentions a complaint againſt this
was a plague in thi County A. D. 1598. whereof dyd, Church, made by the Church of Durham. But there
at Kendal 2500.ar Richmond 2200. at Penrith 2266. | could be no reaſon for any ſuch complaint ; for that
and at Carliſle 1196. Which paſlage is the more ob- | which is now the Dioceſe of Carliſle, was then lookt
fervable and worth our notice, becauſe not to be met | upon as part of the Arch-deaconry of Richmond, was
withal in our Hiſtories. | granted to the new Biſhop by Thmwrſtan Archbiſhop of M153
[1m] Our Anthor ſeems to intimate that Henry 8. | York, and confirm'd by the Dean and Chapter of ©:
firſt of all peopled Plumpron-park ; whereas he only | York. The Arch deacons indeed did claim it, and had Ln
gave greater freedom and liberty to the Inhabitants | a long fuit at Rome about it, An 1201. but it does,,,
by distoreſting ic: for there were as many Pariſhes and | not appear that either the Biſhop of Candida Caſa, or
Townſhips in it before his time , as are fince. Hut- | of Durbam, did ever put in their claim, or queſtion
ton and Edenball were Pariſhes in the time of Henry | the King's and Archbiſhop's power in what they had
the firſt, and given by him to the Cathedral at Car- | done ; as neither at what time, nor upon what ac-
liſle, and fo was Wedderball, Warwick, Laz,onby, Skel- | count the Grant of ſome part of it to S. Curhber: was
ron, Sowerby, St. Maries , St. Cuthbert's, Carliol and | reverſed.
Da!#ton ; all Parithes at or near the time of the Con- | Upon the Reſtoration of King Charles the ſecond,
queſt, and all in the foreſt of Englewood, or border- | this place gave the honourable title of Earl to Charies
ing very nearupon it. It was ſixteen miles in length, | (fon of Sir Wiliam) Howard created April 2. in the
reaching trom Penrith to Carliſle, * and Edward the | thirteenth of his reign, Lord Dacres of Gilleſland,
harſt in hunting in this foreſt, is ſaid to have kill'd | Vicount Howard of Morpeth, and Earl of Carliſle ; for
ewo hundred Bucks in one day. being highly inſtrumental in that happy Reſtora-
'n] Halt a milebelow the confluence of Eden and | tion.
Fimot, ON the very bank of the former , iS a Grotto (s] Over the river Eden is Stanwicks or Stanewepges, 5h
ot two rooms dug out of the rocks, call'd 1s Pariſh, | (i.e.aplace upon the Srony-way) a Town in the time ol
to wich there is a difficult and peri; patſage. In | Henr.1. who gave the Appropriation tothe Church ol
tormer times it was certainly a place of itrength and | Carliſle. The Pics wall is very viſible here; and at Draw:
ſecurity ; for it had Iron-gates belonging to it, which | dykes , a ſeat of John Aglionby Eſq; is a Roman Altar
were itanding within theſes tew years. | with this Inſcription :
[0] Below Grayſtock, upon the banks of Perterel |
iyes Blencow, belonging to an ancient and worthy | I. O. M. ALA AVG O..B. VRI APPIA.
tamily of that name, Here isa very good Grammar-| IVL. PVB PS. T. T B. CETBER] - - - -
School, founded and endow'd, 20 Eliz. by Mr. Tho- | _
as Bowrbank, a perſon of piety and learning, who| {t] At Netherby, the ſeat of the Graybams , beſides New
was born in the Town, and had taught School him-| the Roman Inſcription fet down by our Author, there
{c1t in Northamptonſhire. are ſeveral others , colle&ed and carefully placed in
'p] From kence the river runs to Huttor-hall, an-! order by Sir Richard Grahme Knight and _—___
GranG
CUMBER LAND.
——— ——
Grandfather to the honourable Richard L. Viſcount
Preſton. There was found lately a gold Coin of Nero's
of good value ; and two ſtones with the following
ations The one, IMP. COMM. COS. i.e.
Imperators Commodo Conſuli, which (I ſuppoſe) was ere-
aed inthe year of Chriſt x55. when that Emperour
was (aluted by the title of I»perator Britannicus. The
other, DEO MARTI BELATVCADRO RO.VR.
RP. CAII ORVSII M. Whereby it appears that Be-
latucadrus was the fame with Mars, under a more ter-
rible name. *Tis probable it comes from Bel, Baal, and
Belrnus, the great Idol of the Afſlyrians, which Cedre.
nus fays was the ſame with Mars; and which the
Reman and German Souldiers might like better under a
harſh and fuller termination.
'c [u] The letters ofthe Inſcription at Beau-Caſle are
ſtill legible enough. A few of them (but unskilfully
copy'd) were communicated to our Author himſelf,
#04 A D.1518. as* Sir Henry Spelman witneſles.Others are
- explain'd in a Letter to Mr. Walker , ſent him by the
ſame learned Gentleman , who communicated his
thoughts of that at Bridekirk to Sir William Dug dale For
vour fatisfa&tion, pleaſe to cake the account at large.
S I R, Carlile, Nov. 2. 1685;
"P15 now high time to make good my promiſe
of giving you a more perfect account of our two
Runic Inſcriptions at Beau-caſtle and Bridekirk. The tor-
mer is fallen into ſuch an untoward part of our Coun-
ry, and ſo far out of the common Road, that I could
not much ſooner have either an opportunity or the
courage to look after it. I was affur'd by che Curate
of the place, (a Perſon of good ſence and Learning in
2reater matters) that the Characters were ſo miſerably
worn out ſince the Lord Wiliam Howard's time, ( by
whom they were communicatedto Sir H. Spelman,and
mention'd by Wormiws, Mon. Dan. p. 161.) that they
were now wholly defac'd, and nothing to be met with
worth my while. The former part of this Relation
I found to be true : for (tho' it appears that the fore-
mention'd Inſcription has been much larger than Wor-
mins has given it, yet) 'tis at preſent fo tar loſt, that
in ſix or ſeven lines none of the Characters are fairly
diſcernable,ſave only HEE HR ; and thele too are
incoherent, and at great diſtance from each other.
However, this Epiſtylium Crucs (as Sir H. Spelman in
[E__ to imagine that chey might for ſome time
practiſe their Hocas tricks here in the North, where
they were moſt numerous and leaſt diſturbed. This
concelt was the more heightened, by refle&ting upon
the natural ſuperſtition ot our borderers at this day,
who are much better acquainted with, and do more
firmly believe their old Legendary Stories of Fairies
and Witches, than the Articles of their Creed. And
to convince me yet further, that they ate not utter
ſtrangers to the Black Arts of their forefathers, I acci-
dentally met with a Gentleman in the neighbourhood
who ſhew'd me a Book of Spells and Magical Re-
ceipts, taken (two or three days before) in the Pocket
of one of our Meof-Troopers ; wherein, among many
other conyuring feats, was preſcrib'd a certain Reme-
dy for an Ague, by applying a few barbarous chara-
cters to the Body af the party diſtemper'd. Theſe,
methought, were very near akin to Wormiws's RAM-
RUNER, which, he ſays, differ'd wholly in figure
and ſhape from the common Rune. For though he
tells us, that theſe Ramruner were fo called, Eo quod
moleſt ias, dolores, morboſque hiſce infligere inimics ſoliti
font Magi ; yet his great friend Arng. Fonas, more to
our purpoſe, ſays, That — Hz etiam ufs ſunt ad bene-
faciendum, jwvandum, medicandum tam animi quam Cor-
porus morbis ; atque ad ipjos Cacodemones pellendos & fu-
gandos, I ſhall not trouble you with a draught of this
Spell, becauſe 1 have not yet had an opportunity of
learning whether it may not be an ordinary one, and
to bemet with (among others of the ſame nature) in
P aracelſus or Cornelius Agrippa.
If chis conjecture be not allowable; I have, Sir,one
more which (it may be) you will think more plauſi-
ble than the former. Forit,inſtead of making the third
and fourth Letters tobe two A, Kk, MM we ſhould
ſuppoſe them to be X, X_ E. E. the word will then
be Ryeeburu ; which I take to ſignifie, in the old Da-
»jh Language, Cxmiterium or Cadaverum Sepulchrum.
For, tho' the true old Runic word for Cadaver be uſu-
ally written & R JF Hrae ; yet the H may, without
any violence to the Orthography of that tongue, be
omitted at pleaſure ; and then the difference of ſpel-
ling the word, here at Beau-caſtle, and on ſome of
the ragged Monuments in Denmark, will not be great.
And tor the countenancing of this latter Reading, L
think the above-mentioned Chequer-work may be ve-
his Lecter to Wormias has called it) is to this day a
noble Monument, and highly merits the view of a cu-
rious Antiquary. The beſt account, Sir, I am able co |
give you of it, be pleas'd to take as follows. =
'Tis one entire Free-ſtone, of about five yards in
height, waſh'd over (as the Font at Bridekirk) with a |
white oily Cement, to preſerve it the better from the.
injuries of time and weather. The figure of it en- |
clines to a ſquare Pyramid, each ſide whereof is near
two foot broad at the bottom, but upwards more ta- |
pering. On the Weſt ſide of the Stone we have three |
fair Draughts, which evidently enough manileſt the |
Monument to be Chriſtian. The loweſt of theſe re- |
preſents the Portraiture of a Layman, with an Hawk |
or Eagle perch'd on his Arm. Over his Head are the |
foremention'd ruins of the Lord Howard's Inſcription. |
Next to theſe,thePicture of ſomeApoſtle,Saint,or other
Holy man, in a ſacerdotal habit, with a Glory round
his Head. Onthe top ſtands the Effigies of the B. V.
with the Babe in her Arms, and both cheir Heads en-
circled with Glories, as beiore.
On the North we have a great deal of Chequer-
work, ſubſcribed with the following Characters fairly
legible. £2 L
IMAFFBRRA Xl
Upon the firſt ſight of theſe Letters I greedily ventu-
red to read them Rynburu ; and was wonderfully
pleaſed to fancy, that this word thus ſingly written,
muſt neceſſarily betoken the final extirpation and bu-
rial of the Magical Rune in theſe parts, reaſonably
hoped for upon the converſion of the Danes to the
Chriſtian Faith : for that the Danes were anciently, :
a5 well as ſome of the Laplanders at preſent, groſs Ido- |
laters and Sorcerers, is beyond Controverſie ; and I
could not but remember, that all our Hiſtorians tell
ry available : ſince in that we have a notable Emblem
of the Tumuli, or burying places of the Ancients.
( Not to mention the early cuſtom of ereting Crof-
ſes and Crucifixes in Church-yards : which perhaps
being well weigh'd, might prove another encourage-
ment to this ſecond Reading.) I know the Checquer
to be the Arms of the Vaux's, or Þe Vallibus, the old
Proprietors of this part of the North ; but that, 1
preſume, will make nothing for our turn. Becauſe
this and the other carved work on the Croſs, muſt of
neceflity be allow'd to bear a more ancient date than
any of the Remains of that Name and Family; which
cannot be run up higher than the Conquelſt.
On the Eaſt we have nothing but a few Flouriſhes,
Draughts of Birds,Grapes and other Fruits : all which
[ take to be no more than the Statuary's Fancy.
On the South, flouriſhes and conceits, as before, and
towards the bottom,the following decay'd In{crip:ion.
Il YA-DB:i FRMT: ||
The DefeRs in this ſhort piece are ſufficient to diſcou-
rage me from attempting to expound it. But (poffibly )
it may be read thus :
Gag Ubbo Erlat , 1. e.
Latrones Ubbo Victt.
I confeſs this has no affinity (at leaſt, being thus in-
terpreted) with the foregoing Inſcription : but may
eco ſait with the manners of both ancient
and modern Inhabitants of this Town and Country.
Upon your pardon and correion,Sir,of the imper-
tinencies and miſtakes in this ( which I ſhall humbly
hope for)I ſhall trouble you with my further Obferva-
tions on the Font at Bridekirk; and to all your other
Commands ſhall pay that ready obedience which be-
comes, SID, Your moſt obliged and
Faithful! Servant
ill, Nicolſon.
us, that they brought their Paganiſm along with them
into this Kingdom, And therefors 'rwas not very
Beſides
BRIGAHANTES.
Beſides theſ:, there is a large Inſcription on the | This third is imperie& ; and in what place it was
welt ; andon the fourth ſide of the Stone,theſe Letters found I cannot poliively fay :
tairly diſ-ernable,
DEO. COCIDI
IYFREHITA MPR! "=© + 6 as fe oy oe RU
——
Of the meaning whereof, the Gentleman who com-. TOGSGceuoueos cos
municated his conjectures upon the reſt to Mr. Wat- DE EE ng obo et
ker, will give his opinion at large in his Hiſtory ot : A — I.
Northumberland, Part 6. | >." © © = _
At Scalby-Caſftle (the feat of Dr. Gi/pin) are pre-|
ſerv'd three Altars, which were dug up in thoſe parts. | | w] At Brampton there is an Hoſpital for ſix poor B+:
One. not far from the caſtle tound in the river I1dm, | men, and as many poor women, with allowance
in a {tone colourd with a fort of yellow, and of this | for a Chaplain, lately founded and endow'd by the
figure : | Right Honourable Elizabeth Counteſs Dowager of
; Carliſle, mother to the preſent Earl of Carliſle.
| [x] Upon the river Ithing lyes Naworth-Caſtle, Nam
| now in the poſleflion of the Right Honourable Charle,
Howard Earl of Carliſle ( great grandſon to that Lord
' William mention'd by our Author) who has repair'd
the Caſtle, and made it fit for the reception of a Fa-
mily. Here is a Library, formerly well turniſh'd with
Books ; and there are ſtill * many Manuſcripts of va- * c::
lue, relating chiefly to Heraldry and Engliſh Hiſto- ©"
ry. In the Hall are the Pictures of all the Kings of
' England down from the Saxon times, which were
brought from Kirk-Ofwald Caſtle when that was demo-
lIiſh'd, about 1co years ago. In the garden-wall are
a great many ſtones with Roman Inſcriptions, which
; were collected and placed there by ſome of the Fa-
' mily. Some of them are not legible, others are.
| On one 1s
| IVL AVG.DVO..M SILV..VM
On another,
,LO.M.... 11. ZEDAC.. C.P...EST
/RELIVS. FA. L.S. TRIB. PET. VO. COs,
On another,
LEG IL AVG.
= : 'On another,
I ——_— COH. I. FL. DAC. CORD.. ALEC. PER....
; ; y : . . '
The ſecond was dug up at Cambeck, in the ruins With ſome others which are plainly the ſame with
of an old [tone-wall, and I Cc L111S torm. thoſe Mr. Camden has copied out, and which in all
. _ , | likelihood were brought hither from Willyford.
oy > = [ y ] Not far from Lanercoft is a medicinal ſpring, S,
Va = REDS which iſſues out of a rock ; the water is impregna- Cc
v4 _ * a> WY re
= 3 VE Se SN ted with Sulpbur, Nitre, and Vitriol, and is faid to be
1, - «5 ' very good for the Spleen, the Stone, and all Cutane-
IO LET TRLLVEY LS; $74 ous diſtempers. In the ſummer cime it is much fre-
' || | |||] |) (ES dt quented both by the Scotch and Engliſh.
| [z] What our Author has told us inrelation to the
| T ords of Gilleſland, ſeems to be a miſtake. For firſt,
| Ranulph and Radulph are the lame name, and Ranwiph
de Mechins is call'd indifferently by theſe ewo. Then C.
Ranulph de Micens, who was Lord of Cumberland by
Grant from the Conqueror, was the very fame who jj
was afterwards Earl of Cheſter by deſcent, after the p#
death of bis Coulſin-german Richard, ſecond Earl of
' Cheſter, who was fon to Fobn Bobun and Margaret
THEN
—— > —
his wife, ſiſter to Hugh Lupws firſt Earl of Chelter.
Again, William de Micenis, brother to Randolph de Mr
cenus, was Lord of Coupland, but not of Gilleſland ; tor
upon Randolph's retignation of the County of Cum-
berland into the hands of King Henry 1. Rando/yb
RR had given Gulleſland to Hubert de Vallibas, which Gran
V\ | the King confirm'd to him, and his Succeſſors enjoy d A
#2 it. The Right Honourable Charles Howard preſent n |
' 3 gs Earl of Carliſle, and Lord of Gileſland, claims deſcent In
| [ M 4 from him by the mother's ſide, according to the pe- the
Tri 00} digree of the Family, which is to bes {cen in his Char leo
EEEEEEISSS 7E + pel at Naworth-Caſt le. =
= Continuation of the E AR L>. =
ys,
_ / E Francs, the laſt Earl mention d by our Author, we
MELEE dying in the year of our Lord 1641. was fucceedect bo”
EW. by his only {on Francis, who dy'd at York, 1643:
leaving iſſue one only davghter ; ſo that the mals line as,
CO Ever
CUMBERL AN D.
—
!
perſon of admirable courage and bravery.
aa | If our Author means by the Pretentura of
biſhop Uſher has prov'd out of Tacitus, that Agricola
only garifon'd the Frontiers at this place, without
contriving any other fence. *Tis likely, that accor-
ding to the Roman cuſtom, he plac'd ſome of his
trroops within the limits of the Barbarians Country,
intra fines Horeſt orum : for thele Hore/ts were not the
inhabitants on the river Esk, near the borders of
England (as our Author afrerwards in his deſcripti-
on of Scotland aſſerts) but thoſe of Angus and Mernes,
as the Scotch Hiltorians ſuthciently evidence, parti-
cularly the learned Sir George Mackenzie, Defence of
the Royal Line, p. 79. + Not but Mr. Camden's foun-
+ dation may for all chat ſtand good, and «he Horeſt; be
deriv'd from Ar-Eſc; conſidering there is a South as
well as a North Ek.
bb | Not many years ago there was found (on the
roins of the Wall, a little below Carliſle) a ſinall
wing'd image of braſs, ſomewhat more than half a
foot in length, well agreeing with the deſcription
— In "_
of that matt an:iznt and noble family is now extin&. | milez. Out of this number ( by the hzediefs chanze
Ar preſent his Royal Highnels Prince George of Den- | of L into C ) the copyers of Orotius mad2 CXXX,
mark honours this County by having the title of | and by a carelefs dropping of the ſam2 Letter, the
Dake of Cumberland, which was enjoy'd before him | tranſcribers of Eutropius turn'd it int9 XXX *. Ase y Ul»
by Prince Rapert, Prince Palatine of the Rhine, a | to the diſpute berwixt the Archbiſhop and our Au- Antiquitat.
thor, Whether Severus's work was a wail of itone or © 3'*:
[a rampier of earth ? we ſhall only add to che autho-
— | rities produc'd by Camden, that the Royal Para-
| phraſt upon + Bede ſays, it was nn> dice and nu
"aa ; eopþ-pealle : and || afterwards ſpzaking ot a later fa-
Agricola, any thing of Walls or Rampires, we may | brick of Srone in the ſame place, hs lays, it was built | Libi.c-1-
juitly queſtion therruth of it, ſincethe learned *Arch:- |
Szp Sevepur re Capene1u her dQician 7 eopS pali Zepyp=
can. 'The Saxon Chromicle allo athirms, that ic was
of Tunrgum. And it chat exprethon | 't: 4” Axuiar, &
1 x, m. cedlomde plat | of Agatbemer (who is fuppos'd
to have liv'd in Severus's time) have any relation to
this work, it very much countenances the opinion of
Bede and Mr. Camden. Vide Geogr. Agathem. (edit,
a Sam. Tennulio, Amtt. 1671.) p. 45, 74, & $5.
[dd ] That this laſt J/all was built berwixt Tin-
ptorily to aſlert. And yet Archbiſhop Uſher (Anti-
quitat. Eccl. p. 317.) enciines rather to Buchanan's
opinion, that it was at Grimeſdike, and thinks this con-
jeture ſupported by Gildas's faying, that it was buile
retto tramite ; which (lays he) chat betwixt Bowneſs
and Tinmouth is not. With the Archbithop agrees
our very learned Biſhop of Coventry and Lichfield
(then of St. A/apb) in his hiſtorical account of Church-
government, Cc. p. And *is certain, that along
Urimeſdike there are here and there (as the Gordons in
which ſome of the ancients have given us of the god | Bleau's Alas have obſerv'd ) ſeveral ruins of Stone-
Terminus. "Tis now in the poſſeſſion of the right ho- | buildings : nor can we doubt but there were Forts of
nourable Sir Fobn Lowther of Lowther, Baronet. |
cc] Buchanan maintains, that Severugs Rampier |
was at Grimeſdike 3 but Fordon and Major, as well as
HeRtor Boetius, are of Camden's opinion. The Con-
troverfie will be beſt determin'd by conſidering the
lkngth, as it 15d:liver'd by ſeveral authors. Eutro-
pius ſets it at XXXII; and if ſome others have
XXXV, cis eaſe to imagine,that a little inadvertency
in a Tranſcriber might change IT into V. Thus far
the account ſeems to make for Buchanan, that Seve-
rus's fortification was really between the two Friths
of Edenburrow and Dumbritten. And Paulus Oroſius
(who computes its length at CXXXIL miles) goes ſo
far beyond the extent of that which reach'd from
Solway to Tinmouth, that thence no true eſtimate is
to be had. But 'tis moſt likely, chat chis whole ditfe-
rence is to be ſtated by Spartianus, who (rightly)
aſſerts, that the extent of Hadrian's dicch was LYXXX
ſtone ereted at due diltances along that Rampier.
Bur 'tis certain, that in moſt places there appear no
manner of remains of a ſtone-building ; whereas a
continu'd ſtone-wall is ealily follow'd from Carliſle to
New-caſtle. As tor Nennius's ſtory, ( Hiſt. Brit.
cap. 19.) 'tis fo full of contradictions, that there's no
regarding it : and after all the ſtreſs that's laid upon
Gildas's expreflion, a man ſhall hardly travel the
length of The Pitts-Wall in any great road in England,
that goes more (refo tramite) in a {treight line than
it does.
[ee] As to the Medicinal Plants, Mr. Nicolſon (to
whom we owe theſe obſervations upon the WALL,
as well as ſeveral others throughout the Province of
York) has made very diligent ſearch, but could never
meet with any fort of Plants growing along the Wall,
which is not as plentiful in fume other part of the
Country.
An Account of the Diviſion of Cumberland by William the Conqueronr among ſt his
Followers *; taken ont of two ancient Latin Manuſcripts in the Library of the Dean
and Chapter of Carliſle ; carefully Collated by the Reverend Dr. Hugh Todd.
I N G VWWillam, firnam'd the Baſtard, Duke
of Normandy,Conqueror of England,gave all
the Lands of the County of Cumberland to
Ranulphus de Meſchins : and to Galfridws,
Brother to the ſaid Ranulpbus, he gave the whole
County of Cheſtre : and to MHilliam another brother,
he gave all the Land of Coupland, between Duden and
arwent,
| Ranulpbus de Meſchins, infeofted Hubbertus de * Waux
in the Barony of G:/liſland ; and Ranulpbus his brother
in Sowerby, Carlaton, aud Hubbrightby. And Robert
the third brother, in the Barony of Dalfon. He in-
coffed alſo Robere DeFtrivers im the Barony of Bugh,
and Richerus de Boyvile in the Barony of Levington ;
and Odardus de Logis in the Barony of Stany:on. He
Infeoffed alſo Waldevus, fon of Goſpatricius Earl of
Dunhar in Scotland, in all the Barony of Allerdale be-
ween Wathenpole and Darwent.
Ee ee eee
The aforeſaid William de Me{chins I.ord of Ceupland
infeoffed Waldevus lon of Goſparricrms, 11 all the Land
that lyes between Cocar and Darwert,and allo in theſe
five Townſhips , Brigham, Eglysfeld , Dene, Brainth-
waite, and Gri/othen : and in the two C!:/rons and
Staneburne. He infeoff.d a'!fy Odardus le Clerk in the
fourth part of Creſt waite, pro Cuſtodia A urcorum * ſur
orum,i.e. for keeping his Golhawkes. |
Galfridus de Meſchins Earl of Cheſ/er dy'd without
iſſue : and thereupon Ranulpbus de IMeſchins became
Earl of Chefre ; and ſurrender'd to the King all ce
County of Cumberland on this condition, "I hat all
thoſe that held Lands of him # Fee , ſhould hold of
the King mm Caprte.
The toreſaid Ialdevus fon of Earl Geſfpatricius in-
feoffed Odardus de Logis, in the Barony of 1/gton,
Dondryt, Waverton, Blencogo, and Kirkbride : which
Odardus de Legs founded the Church of 1/7gren ;
»
- l $ c2ll'd Diſtributio Cumbria ad Conqueſium Anglie int Gentes, Sir William Dugaale calls it Chronicon Cumbrie ; and fo the Lord 1377.
* Howard has itiled it in one of the MSS. but *tis a miltake ; for that piece of Antiquity, 1t it be «xrant, was ot another nature, and writ by une
——— - Oo PD R — — —
*"2r45 A-bot of Ho/me Cuitram, temp. H. 2. It was ſaid to be in the Library of Sir Thomas Gower Baronet ; but upun ſrarch it cuuld not be
- nd
0-8
* Vaax, Ms. 8. © Anſturcorom, MS. B,
H hh and
mouth and So!/way- Frith, * Bedz feems moſt perem- * Lib.1.c 12.
-
n
,
CE YO ed a Lo ac Hake EE ere roads. tn ans. bs. CS
_W_— — —_O —_— —_— __
© ——
CN I eee eee
— ——_ - _
CeO ee ee eee —
_ _—_——
_—
"BRIGANTES.
and gave to Odardus fon of Liolfe, Tulentyre and Caſtie- | of S. Bega, he gave Srainburne. And to the Priory
rige, with the Forelt between Caltre and Grers : and | of Carliol, he gave the body of Waldevus his fon, with
to the Prior and Convent of Guburne he gave Apple- | the Holy Croſs, which they have yer in polleflion ;
rom 2nd Bricekirk, with the Advowſon of the Church | and Crofiby, with the Advowlon of the Church there;
there. He gave alſo to Adam fon of Liolfe, Uldendale | with the Service that Utiredus owed him : and alt
and Gilcruce: and to Gemellus fon of Brun , Borhill ;' the Advowſon of the Church of Aſpatrike, with the
and to Waldevus fon of Gileminius, with Etbreda his (1- | Service of Alanus de Brayton, He gave them allo t}
ſter, he gave Brogham, Ribton , and Litle Brogham | Advowſon oi the Church of Ireby, with the Sj
and Donwaldeſe and Bowaldeſe ad anam Logiam, for a and Service of Waldewus de Langthwatte.
Lodge or Houſe for a Ranger. He gave alſo to Or- | The fame Alanus lon of Waldevas, gave to King
mus lon of Kerellus, Seton , Camberton, Flemingbi, Cratk- | Henry * the Ficlds of the Foreſt of Allerdale , with |j.
ſothen, in marriage with Gurwelda his ſiſter : And to, berty to hunt, whenever he ſhould lodge at Heolme-
Dolfinus lon of Abwaldus, with Matilda another liſter, | Cultrane, To this Alanus lucceeded William fon of
he gave Appletwhaite and Litle Cro:by , Langrige and | Duncane Earl of Murrayſe, Nephew and Heir to the
Brigham, with the Advowſon of the Church there. ' laid Alanus, as being lon to Ecbreda, filter to his fa.
He gave alſo to Melberb his Phyſician , the Town of |
Bromefeld ; ſaving to himſelf the Advowſon ol the
Church there. |
Alanus, fon and heir of the ſaid Waldevur, gave to |
Ranu'lphus Lyndſcy, Blenerbaſſet and Ukmanby, with E-
thereda his lifter. To Utbrdeus, fon of Fergus Lord of
Galloway, in marriage with Gurnelda © his other ſiſter,
he gave Torpenbow,with the Advowſon of the Church
there. He gave allo to Catellus de Spenſer *, Threpeland.
He gave alſo to Herbert the Manour of Thuresby, for
the third part of a Townſhip. He gave allo to Ge-
ſparricius, fon of Ormus , High Ireby for the third part
of a Townſhip. He gave allo to Gamellus be Brun /,
Rughtwaite, for a third part of a Townſhip. He gave
alſo to Radulphus Engaime, Iſael , with the Appurte
nances ; and Blencrake with the Service of Newton.
And the ſame Alanus had one Baſtard brother nam'd
Goſpatricius, to whom he gave Boulron , Baſtinthwaite
and Eſfterhbolme. And to Oderdus he gave Newton ,
with the Appurtenances. And to his three Hunts.
men, Sleth* and his Companions, Hayton. To U«
tredus he gave one Carrucat of Land in Aspatrike ,
on condition that he ſhould be his Summoner (Sum.
monitor) in Allerdale. He gave allo to Delfinus fix
Bovates or Oxgang of Land in High-Croſiby, that he
ſhould be Serwiens D. Reg, the King's Serjeant in
ther Waldevus.
The foreſaid Wiliam, fon of Dancanus , eſpouſed
Alicia daughter of Robert de Rumeney, Lord of Skipton
in Craven : which Robert had married a daughter
of Meſchins * Lord of Coupland. This IWiliam had
by this Alicia his wife, a fon call'd William de Fyre
mond ( who dy'd under age) and three daughters.
The eldeſt nam'd Czc:lia *, being a Ward, was mar-
ried by King Hemry to William le Groſs Earl of Albe.
marle, with the Honour of Skipton for her Dower,
The ſecond, nam'd Amabilla, was maritied to Re-
_ de Luce, with the Honour of Egremond, by the
me King H:ny. And the third , nam'd Alicia de
Romelic, was married to Gilbert Pipard, with A/patrike,
and the Barony of Alerdale and the Liberty of Co.
kermonth, by the laid King Henry : and afterwards by
the Queen, to Robert de Courtney : but the dy'd with-
out heirs of her body.
William le Groſs Earl of Albemarlie, had by his wife
Cicilia, Harwiſia ' ; to whom ſucceeded William de
Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle : to whom lucceeded ano-
ther William de Fortibus ; to whom lucceeded Aveling
who was eſpouſed to Lord Edmond , brother to
King Edward, and dy'd without heirs, &c.
Reginald de Luce by Amabilla his wife, had ® Alicia
To Amabilla lucceeded Lambert de Multon : To him
Allerdale. And to Simon de Sheftelyngs he y””u one
Moiety of Deram : And to Dolfinus, fon of Goſpatrs-
cius, the other Moiety. He gave alſo to IValdevys,
fon of Dolfinus, Brakanthwaite. And to the Priory
od Gunilda, MS. R.
MS. 8. k Seff. MS. 8, and $Silitis. [ Hatewiſtia. - Richaraum ae Lucy,
| ſucceeded Thomas Multon de Egremond. And to Alicia
| ſicceeded Thomas de Luce *, to whom ſucceeded Tho-
mas his fon; who was ſucceded by Anthony his
Brother.
* Le D:Penſer, MS, B. 7 Iſl Rugh, MS. B. # Selif, MS. B. * D. H. Regi Seniori, MS. B» ; Willehni de Meſchins
Amavillam WF Aliciam. n Que ſequuntur , detunt MS. B.
” hw _ — ——— —— — — —
More rare Plants growing wild in Weſtmoreland
and Cumberland.
Lan. Eruca Monenſis laciniata lutea. Fagged yel.
low Rocket of the Iſle of Man. In Sella fields Sea-bank,
found growing abundantly by My. Lawſon.
Echium marinum P. B. Sea-Bu
ſhore near White-baven plentifully, Mr.
W. Gladiolus lacuſtris Dortmanni Cluſ. cur. poſt.
Water Gullysflower or Gladiole.
water, which parteth Weſtmoreland and Cumberland.
Orobus ſylvaticus noitras.
New -caſtl:, m the hedges and paſtures plentifully.
g/of On the Sea-
ewron.
In the Lake call d Hulls-
Engliſh Wood-wetch. At
Gamblesby about fix miles from Pereth in the way to.
Equiſetum nudum variegatum minus. In the mea
dows near Great Salkeld ; and in moſt of the like ſand)
' grounds in Cumberland.
Geranium Batrachoides longius radicatum, odora:
tum. In Mardale and Martindale, Weſtm,.
Heſperis Pannonica inodora. On the banks of the
Rivulets about Dalehead in Cumberland, and Graflmire
im Weſtmoreland.
Orchis palmarta paluſtris Dracontias. Upon the 0d
| Mill-race at little Salkeld, and on Langwathby- Hom,
Cumberland.
Cynolorchis militaris purpurea odorata. On Lance:
| Moor near Newby, and on Thrimby-Common, Hf
Vitis Idzza magna quibuſdam, live Myrcillus grandis | moreland.
7.B.1dxa foliis fubrotundis exalbidis C.B. Idza foliis |
Vaccinai nigra fructu majore | Found firſt by Reginald Harriſon, « Quaker, in the Bar
ſubrotundis mayor Ger.
Serratula foliis ad ſummitatem uſque indiviis.
Park. The great Bilberry-buſh. In the ſame place with rony of Kendal, Weſtmoreland.
the precedent, but where the ground us moiſt and marſh.
An Additional account of ſome more rare Plants obſerv/d
to grow in We\tmoreland and Cumberland , by Mr.
Nicolſon, Arch- deacon of Carliſle.
Cannabis ſpuria fl. magno albo perelegante. About
Blencarn, in the pariſh of Kirkland, Cumberland.
| Thlaſpi minus Cluſii. On moſt Limeſtone paſtures 1
both Counties.
Tragopogon Purpureum. In the fields about Cailille
and Role-caſtle, Cumberland.
Virga aurea latifolia ſerrata. C. B. 1: grows as pin
tifully in our fields at Salkeld as the Vulgaris 5 wh:c9 #1
4s common as any Plant we bavs.
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NORTH-HUMBER-LAND.
D- 1. 4
- E XT after the Brigantes,
D I N IL
Ptolemy places thoſe who (according to the various read.
ings of ſeveral Copies) are call d * Ottalini, Ottadeni , and Ottadini : inſtead of
7 ell which I would willingly, with @ very eaſie alteration , read Ottatini ; that ſo the
word might (ignifie beyond or upon the river T'
Thus the name of the inhabi-
WPI tents would exattly agree with the ſituation of their Country. For theſe men were
og ſeated beyond the Tyne : and our modern Britains cell that Country mm Wales which
& byes beyond the river Conway, Uch-Conway ; that beyond the Mountains, Uch-
Mynyth ; beyond the Wood,
Nor would it be at all improper, if, by the ſame rule , they nam'd this Country beyond
the Tyne, Uch-Tin ; out of which, by a little dujointing and mellowing of the
word, the Romans may ſeem to have forw'd their Ottadini. Net ſince ( as Xiphi-
ch-Coed; beyond the River Gyrway Uch-Gyrway.
line reports owt of Dio Niczus ) al the Britains that dwelt near the formention'd
Wall were call d MauzTas, or Mzatz | a}, 'tws reaſonable to believe that our Ottadini ( living on the Wall ) were M=*®
ſome of thoſe Mzatz, who, in that remarkable Revolt of the Britains, wherein the Caledomians were brought into
durations for war. A good while after, thu _ ſeems
it, in honour of the Emperour Valentinian. after be
vince. But, in the Saxon wars, theſe ancient names grew out
the Confederacy , took up Arms : when the Emperour Severus gave orders to hu Souldiers to give no Quarter to the
Britains, # Homer's words ;
Mims v@#2uyar aimvy cath egy
Xdogs I hueTiegs, wnd" Gy me yariet wang
KJeyy thre phent, wand" os guyor ainvy oaebess.
—— ———- None ourArms ſhall ſpare,
None ſhall eſcape the fury of the war ;
Children unborn ſhall dy e——
But the form of this rebellion was calm'd by the death of Severus, who dy'd at York, in the midi of bs pres
to bave been part of Valencia : for ſo Theodoſi
date ; and all thoſe Countrits which lye North of
the Frith of Humber took the Saxon Name of Noppan-bumbpa-pic, i.e. the Kingdom of the North-Humbrians.
And yet even thu name « now loſt in the other Counties 5 bemg only retain'd in tha of Northumberland. Which
we are now to Viſit.
wih a fingle 7.
"$ of
« All the Copies Dr. Gale has perugd read Qridwel, QraAinn, Bec.
And Selden's Manuſcript contracts the word (as
is does molt others of the like kind) into Qmadret.
©
and with Tine it ſelf.
German Ocean. The Welt ( reaching from * South-
welt to North-Eaſt) fronts Scotland; and is firſt
bounded with a ridge of Mountains, and afterwards
with the river Tweed. Here were the Limits of both
NORTH-HUMSBER-LAND.
in a fort of a Triangle, but not Equi-
lateral. On the South , towards the
County of Durham, 'tis bounded with
the river Derwent running into Tine ;
The Eaſt-ſide is waſht with the
Kingdoms : over which ( in this County ) two Go-
vernours were appointed ; whereof the one was
[til'd Lord Warden of the Middle Marches, and the
other of the © Weſtern. The Country it {elf is molt-
ly rough and barren, and ſeems to have harden'd the
very carcaſſes of its Inhabitants : whom the neigh-
bouring Scots have render'd yet more hardy, ſfome-
times inuring them to war, and ſometimes amicably
communicating their cuſtoms and way of living ;
whence they are become a moſt warlike people and
excellent horſe-men. And, whereas they generally
have devoted themſelves to war,” there is not a man
of faſhion among chem but has his little Caſtle and
Fort ; and fo the Country came to be. divided into
- a great many Bearonies, the Lords whereof were an-
»». C!ently (before the days of Edward the firſt) uſually
ſti'd Barons ; tho' fome of them men of very low
Fortunes [þ]. But this was wiſely done of our An-
ceſtors, to cheriſh and ſuppore Martial Prowels, in
the borders of the Kingdom, with ( at leaſt ) Ho-
nour and Title. However, this Character they loſt,
On
Northumberland , call'd by the Saxons |
Noppan-Þumbep-lond , lyes enclos'd |
when (under Edward the firſt) the name of Barons
began to be appropriated to ſuch as were ſummoned
by the King to the High Court of Parliament.
On the Sea-Coaſts, and along the - river Tine, the
round (with any tolerable husbandry) is very truit-
* + but elſewhere, much more barren and unview-
ly. In many places the ſtones Lichancraces, which
; we Call Sea-coals, are digg'd very 'plentifully, to the Sea-coaly
great benefit of the Inhabitants.
The nearer part, which points to the South-weſt,
and is calld Hexamſbire, had for a long time the eras
Archbilhop of Tork for its Lord ; and challeng'd ſhire.
( how jultly I know not ) the Rights of a County
Palatine : but when lately it became part of the
Crown-Lands ( by an exchange made with Arch-
bilhop Robert) it was, by Act of Parliament, joyn'd
to the County of Northumberland, being ſubjeted to
the ſame © Judicature, and having their Writs dire&-
ed to the Sheriff thereof.
South Time (lo call'd, if we believe the Britains, South Ting
from its being narrowly pent up within its banks;
for ſo much 7m ſignifes, ſay ſome, in che Britiſh
Languague ) riſing in Cumberland near Aitenmoor,
where there is an ancient Copper-Mine, runs by
Lambley (formerly a Nunnery built by the: Lecies ,
but now much worn away by the floods) and Fe-
therſton-haugh , the ſeat of the. ancient and well-
deſcended Family of the Ferherftons ©; and, being
come to Belliſfter-Caſt ie, turns Eaſtward, keeping a di-
re& courſe along the Wall, which is no where three
miles diſtant from it.
| Forthe Wall, having lefe Cumberland, and croſs'd Pits wait
A 6 "0 Pa
* For above twenty mites together ir borders (Sourh- welt )on Cumberland : from above Garry gil, in the head of Aulſtor- Moor down to the river
of Kelſop.
« Occ:duwi. Bur Holland gives ir (more truly) of the Eat Marches.
4 Thar is, in Civil matters. For its Excleſiattical Juriſdiction is
nct the fame with the reſt of the County ; it being (till a peculiar belongiag to the Archbiſhop ot rk. * The Male lime of the hether ſtous of this
place being extinct, the Lands are tallen inco the poulia of F:1h:rflon Dodſors Gere,
the
us nam'd yet
bad vanquiſh'd the Barbarians, and recover d thu lof} Pro-
0 TTADINET
the little river of 11:hing, carry'd an Arch over the!
rapid brook of Polrroſs ; where we ſaw large Mounts |
caſt up within the wall, as deſign'd for watching the |
Thirlwal, Country. Near this place ſtands Thirlwal-caſtle, (no
large ſtructure) which gave a ſeat and ſirname to,
that ancient and honourable family, which had for- |
merly the name of Wade. Here the Scors forc'd a
paſſage, berwixt Ir:hing and Time, into the Province
' of Britain. ] And the place was wiſely enough
choſen, as having no intercourſe of rivers to obſtruct
their ealie inroads into the very bowels of England. ”
But the Reader will the better underſtand this matter This - imperfet Altar was alſo brought from
$-410.Chro. And the name of the place, from John Fordon the |thence; which we read at the little Harnlet of
»ic..Fordon Scorch Hiltorian, whoſe words, ſince his hook is not | Melkrigg *.
very common, it may not be amiſs to repeat. The
Scots ( lays he) having conquer'd the Country on both
fides of the Wall, began to ſettk themſelves in ut ; and
ſummoning in the Boors (with their mattocks, pickaxes,
xakes, _ and ſhovels) causd wide holes and gaps to
be made in it, through which they might readily paſi and
repaſi. From theſe gaps, thu mdented part got its preſent
names : for in the Engliſh tongue the place 11 now call d
Thiclwall, which render'd in Latin, 1s the ſame as
Murus perforatus. From hence ſouthward we had ;
a view of Blenkenſop ; which gives name and dwelling Which, if I could, I would gladly (and the cha.
to an eminent family, was anciently part of the raters ſezm to allow it) read thus : Dee Surie, ſub n,
Barony of Nicholas of Bolteby, and is ſituated in a Calphurnio Agricola Legato Auguſti Propretore, Licinus
| Country pleaſant enough. Clemens Prefetins. Now Calphurnizs Agricolo was {ori ©.
Caervorran. Beyond Thirlwall the wall opens a paſlage for the | againlt the Britains by [the Empe! our ] M. Antoninus
mad river of Tippall; where, on the deſcent of a | Philoſophus, upon the breaking out of the Brit!
hill, a little within the wall, may be ſeen the draught | wars, about the year of our Lord 170. at which *
of a ſquare Roman Fort, each ſide whereof is 140 | time ſome Cohort, under his command, erected this
paces in length : the very foundations of the houſes, altar to the Goddeſs Suria, who was drawn by Lions,
and tracks of the ſtreets, being yet fairly diſcerna- | with a Turret on her head and a Taber in her hand,
ble. The Moſ-Troopers report, that there lay a high | (as is ſhewn at large by Lucian, in his Treatiſe de Dei
Street-way,paved with Flint and [other | Stone, over | S744) and whom Nero, as forrily as he treated all *>
the tops of the mountains, from hence to Maiden- | Religion, very zealoufly worſhip'd for ſome time,"
Caſtle on Stanemoor. "Tis certain it went dire&ly to | and afterwards lighted zr to that degres, as to pil;
Kirkbythor, already mention'd. An old woman, | upon her.
who dwelt in a neighbouring cottage, ſhew'd us alit- | From hence we had a view of * }/limotes-wicke,
tle old conſecrated Altar, thus inſcrib'd to Y:irirz- | the feat of the worſhipſul family of the Ridleys, and
new, a tutelar god (as it ſhould ſeem) of theſe parts. | (clole by) of the river 4/on, emptying it ſelf into Tine vn
with a pompous rattle, both che Alons being now
met in on? chanel. On Eaft- Alon ſtands a village,
which is now call'd * Old-Town. But to return to
the Wall. The next ſtation on the Wall, beyond
Buſy-gap, 15 now call'd Seaven-ſhale ; which name if 5:4
you will allow me to derive from Seviniana, or ra-
ther Sabinianz ala, I would roundly affirm this place
to be that Hummum where tl:e Notitia Prowimcarum
tells us the Sabinian Wing were upon duty. Then,
eyond Carraw and Walton ſtands Walwick, which
ſome have fancied to be the Gallana of Antoninus : in Gi
® Poſvit K- all which places there are evident remains of old for-
bens mexite tifhications.
Here North-Time croſſes the Wall. It riſes in the %*
mountains on the borders of England and Scotland ;
This place is now call'd Caer-vorran : how 'twas | and firſt, running Eaſtward, waters Tin4ale, (which T-
anciently nam'd I am not able ro determine, ſince , has thence its name) and afterwards enibraces the
the word hath no affinity with any of the [ Roman | river Read, which falling from the ſteep hill of Read:
Stations that are mention'd | per lmeam wall; ] along ſquire, (where is frequently che True-place, that is, the 7
the Wall, and none of the Inſcriptions afford us any place of conference, where th: Lords Wardens of
diſcoveries [c]. Whatever it was, the wall near it , the Eaſtern Marches of both Kingdoms uſually de-
was built higher and firmer than elſewhere ; for | termine the diſputes of the borderers) gives its name
within two furlongs of ic, on a pretty high hill, it | to a valley too thinly inhabited by reaſon of the r0b- Rhers
En Wea exceeds x5 foot in heighth, and nine in breadth, on | beries.
pic, both ſides * Aſbler ; tho' Bede ſays, 'twas only 12 foot | Both theſe Dales breed moſt notab!e Bo2-Troters;
high [d]. ;and both have ſuch boggy-top'd mountains as are no:
From hence the Wall bends about by Tverton, For- | to be crofſs'd by [ordinary | horſemen, Ia the(2, on?
ſeen, and Cheſter in the Wall, near Buſy-gapp, noted for | would wonder to ſe fo many oreat heaps of Nones
Robberies ; where we heard there were forts, but |( Lawes they call them) which the neighbou;to dF
durſt not go and view them for fear of the Af | believe to have been thrown together in iemembrancs
Troopers. This Cheſter, we were told, was very large, | of ſome perſons there ſlain © ft ]. Thee ae allo, in
infomuch as I guels it to be that ſtation of the ſe- | both of *em, many ruins of old forts, In Tindale 3:7
cond | Cohort] of the Dalmatians which the Book | Whitchefter, Delaley, Tarſct, which formerly belcng'd
of Notices calls Magna ; where may be read the fol- | to the Commins. In Rheades-dale are Rocheſter, Crum:
lowing Inſcription. cheſter, Rutcheſter, and fome others, wi.of; anciin:
———_— _
0 O_—c—— TW 7 Wie...
|
:
|
|
|
—
—_ <_ - _— —— = — - ——_—_——
7 Others give vsthe laſt line of this Inſcription more folly, thus: CO. 1. HAMMIOR. See Sammer's B itan. v. 259. 7-5 (p
And his Map of Nerthumterland gives it buth ways, as two ſeveral Inicriptions. Sv alſo the M2p in this ww «$ditc, of Es,.'x
longs to Sir Eaward Blacket, Baronet. __ 3 WW CORN Of C47 4.4,
' H7ere now women beat their bncks 0n it, * Bat what tlie old name i as, will no: eajily be f: un
ae re en On_
NORTH-HY MBER<LAND.
—
4
850
——————— .--
— - ——— ——— ——_—
©PD——_—_
names old time has now unkindly fwailow'd. But
ſince at Rochefter, which is ſ:ated nezar the head of
Rhead, on the riſing of a rock that overlooks the
Country below, (whence it may ſeem to have had
chis new name) an ancient Altar was found, among
the rubbiſh of an old Caſtle, with this Infcrip-
tion :
Wall lay unheeded till Severus's time, we may believe
the limits of the Roman Empire were in this place :
and hence the old lrinerary, that goes under the
name of Aztoninus, begins here, as 4 Limire {i. at
the furtheſt bounds of the Empire. ] But «+
addition of s. 4 wall is a gloſs of the tranſerit:s.”.,
ſince Bremenium lies fourteen miles northward from
| the Wall; unle we take it to be one of thoſe Vicia -
{tations already mention'd to have been buiic beyond
; the Wall in the Enemy's Country.
To the ſouth of old Bremenium, within five miles, Btc2! 5:
| res Orterburn, Where a ſtout engagement happen'd 770"
betwixt the Scars and Engliſh, Viftory three or four *
| times changing ſides, and at lait fixing with the Scors :
| for Henry Percy,(for his yourhful forwardnef; by-nanr'd
Iibot-ſpur) who commanded the Ezg/h, was himlelft
| taken priſoner, and loſt ftitteen hundred of his men .
' and /i/l;am Douglas the Scotch General fell with the
D R. S
DVPL. N. EXPLOR.
BREMEN: ARAM.
INSTITV-RYNT
N EIVS C CAtP
CHARITINO TRIB
oa
%
44 1
V--40'-
May we not hence gueſs, that here was that Bre-
greateſt part oi his army : fo that never was there a
greater inſtance of the martial proweſs of both Na.
; tions | h
|
|
A little lower the river Rhcad waſhes (or rather
menum, {9 induftriouſly and fo long ſought after, which | has almoſt walhd away) another Town ot venerable
Prolemy mentions in theſe parts, and trom which .4n- | antiquity, now calld Riſingham ; which, in the old- &
reninus begins his firſt journey in Britain, as from its | Engliſh and high-Dutch languages, ſignities as muck
' outmoſt ] limit. | g}
pire were ſeas, great rivers, mountains, defare and
unpaſlable countries, (fuch as this part affords )
ditches, walls, empailures, and eſpecially caſtles builc
in the moſt ſuſpected places, whereof there are here
great plenty of remains. Indeed, fince the Barba-
rians, having thrown down Antoninus Pius's Wall in
*c:1/::d, widely fpoild this Country, and Hadrian's
DE O
MOGONTI CAD.
E 1. 2 ESA F:.5;
M. G. SECV NDINYS
BF. COS. HABIT A
NCI PRIMAS TA---
PRO SE ET SVE POSVIT
From the former of theſe ſome gueſs may be made
that the place was called Habirancum ; and that he
who erected it was Penſioner to a Conſul, and Mayor
of the Town. ( For that the chief Magiſtrates of
Cities, Towns and Forts were call'd Primates, the
Codex Theodeſii will abundantly teach us.) Whether
this god were the tutelar Deity of the Gaden;, whom
|
For the bounds of the Em- | as Grants-Town, as Rifingberg in Germany is Giants-
Hill | i }. There are here many remains of antiqui-
tv. The Inhabitants report, that the placc was long
defended by the god Magon, againſt a certain Sol-
dane or Pagan Prince. Nor is the ſtory wholly
groundlefs ; tor that fuch a god was here worſhip'd,
appears from theſe ewo Altars lately taken out of chic
River, and thus inſcrib'd :
Ptolemy makes next neighbours to the Orrtadini, I am
not yet able to determine ; letothers enquire. Here
were allo found the following Inſcriptions, for which,
among others, we are indebted to the famous Sir Rob.
Cotton of Conimgton, Knight, who very lately ſaw and
copy'd them.
DEOANVIC To
HERCVLESACR G
ICOSEIPRE - /
NV RECAST S
venta VEITSBECNa BS
\ | | þ
\\ Wo dB. Wt Wan A Wy, Wo A HL R4// 11; OR ood UM 1719/1
" (ar ayen 6 VL!
by
As alſo, what exceeds all the reſt in finery of the work, a long Table thus curiouſly engraven ; and by
the * fourth Cohort of the Gatic Troops, dedicated to the Sacred Majeſty of the Emperours.
'*
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But, to return. A little lower Rhead, with ſeve-| From hence North-Tine paſſes by Chipches , a little Cir5
ral other brooks that have joyn'd it , runs into Time ;| Fort formerly belonging to the Umpanvils, then to
- wite: HO WARTS WF 2, 9 ee tt
and fo far reaches RhedeſJale : which ( as Dooms- | the 4 Herons k |, (and not far from the ſmall! Caſtle
day-Book informs us) the Umfrantils held im Vee and | of Swinborn , which gave name to a Family of note, ©- |
{ Knights | Serwzce of the King, for guarding the Dale . and was ſometime pare of the Barony of I/iliam 44>
from Robbers. Heron, atterwards the feat of the J/oderinotons ) .
Waits. All over the 7/":#; ( as they call them ) as well as and fo comes to the Wall, which is croſi'd at Coller- ©*
Nonades, IN Gzlefland, you fee as it were the ancient Nomades 5 ford, by a Bridge of Arches; where are {ti!! ro be ,
a Martial fort of peop'e, that from_April to Augult, | ſeen the ruins of the large Fort of Wal'wick. It CC” ,
heals JIye in lictle Hurts ( which they call Shea!s and Shea- | /urnum (where the ſecond wing of the Aſures lay 1n ,
lings ) here and there difpers'd among their Flocks. | gariſon) was not here, it was in the neighbourhood N
+ And yer our Athor places / 78 :0/114, their tation, at Minch-ſtor ; 2 great diftance from hence. Why then ſhould anorlict I: ſcription four 3:
Rocne/ter, With a ward in « that wvoks like 2remonerm, (0 Fucily prove that this was the old name of thiur place ? =
+ Hairuns, new commonl; c2/.'d iron, H
"7 "NORTH=HUMPBER-LAND. 84
” CY
eter. at Scilcefter in the Wall ;3 where, after Sigges a No-|cean, running by Hexem, which Bede calls 4 - Hexam.
&- hleman had treacherouſly flain Eifwald King of |Fald, and he _—_ hexcolverbam. NS ee:
Northumberland, the Religious built a Church, and |the Axelodenam of the Romwens , where the firſt Co. Axcl4u-
#4 dedicated it to Curbbert and Oſwald; which lalt has | hort of the Spaniards were in gariſon, the name im.
fo far out-done the other, that, the old name being | plies; and fo does its ſituation , on the riſing of a
quite loſt, the place is now call'd S. Ofwald's. This | hill, for the Britains call'd { fach ] a Mount Dwniwn., Prnes-
Ofweld, King of Northumberland, being ready to | But take an account of this place from Richard its
win, give Bartel to [1] Cedwall the Britain (lo Bede calls | Prior, who liv'd above five hundred years ago [ n].
4 him whom the Britiſh Writers name Caſwallon) King, | Not far from the Southern bank of the rrver Tine ſtands
as ir ſhould feem, of Cumberland, ereed a Crols ; | « Town, of a [mall extent indeed at preſent, and but thiri-
and humbly on his knees begg'd of Chriſt that he | ly inhabited , but (as the remaining marks of its ancient
would afford his heavenly affiſtance to thoſe that | Fate will reſtifie ) heretofore wery large and magnificent.
now call'd on his name, and preſently with a loud | 7Þjs place is call d Hextoldeſham, Fom the httle rinvis
.., Yoice thus addreſs'd himſ-If to the Army : Let ws all| let of Hextold, which runs by, and ſometimes ſuddenly
« ine 01 our hnees beſeech the Almighty, Living, and True God, | overflows it. In the year 675. Echeldreda wife to
dhe mercifully to defend wr jrom our prond and cruel Enemy.| King Egirid ign'd it for an Epiſcopal See to S. Wil-
++ pr 17: do mot find (lays Bede) that any Banner of the Chrz- | trid ; who built bere a Church, which, for a curions and
' than Faith, any Church, any Altar, was ever erected m | moſt beautiful Fabrick , ſurpaſs'd all the Monaſteries in
thus Country, before this new General, following the di. | Engiand. See alſo what Malmesbury has written of
Hates of a devout Faith, and being to engage with a moſt | it : This was Crown-Land, till Biſhop Wilfrid chang'd
imnbumane Enemy, ſet up thu Standard of the Holy Croſs. | others for it with Queen Etheldreda. 'Twas wonderful to
For after Oſwald had in this Battel experienc'd that | ſee what towering Emlding s were there wretted ; how ad-
effeftual afliſtance of Chriſt which he had pray'd | mirably contriv/d with winding ſtairs, by Maſons, broug ht
tor, he immediately turn'd Chriſtian; and ſent for | ( in profpe@ of bis great Liberality ) from Rome. Inſs-
Aidan a Scotchman to inſtru his people in the Chri-| much that they ſeem'd to vye with the Roman pomp; and
{tian Religion. The place where the Victory was | long out-truggled even time it ſelf. Ar which time
2, obtain'd was afcerwards call'd heapenfels, or Heaven | King Egfr:d made this lietle City a Biſhop's Sear.
#* field ; which now (in the ſame fenle, as ſome will | But chat Honour, after the ' eighth Biſhop, was whol-
have it ) isnam'd Haledon. Whereon Oſwalds Life| ly loſt ; the Daniſh wars prevailing. Afterwards it
gives us the tollowing piece of Meter : was only reckon'd a Manour of the Archbiſhop's of
York; till they parted with their right in an exchange
Tunc primim [(civit cauſam eur nomen baberet made with Henry the eighth. *Tis alſo famous for
Heafenfeld, hoc eff, caleſtu Campres, & ill the _— Battel wherein Fohn Newil Lord Monta-
Nomen ab Antiquo dedit appellatio gents cute very bravely engagd, and as fortunately van-
Preterite, tanquam bell; preſaga futwr: : quiſh'd, the Generals of the Houſe of Lancaſter ;
Nominis CauſJam mox aſſiunavit tbidem and, for fo doing, was created Earl of Northumber-
Czliths expugnans caleſtis turva ſceleſtam. land by Edward the fourth. At preſent, its only glo-
Neve ſenettutw ignavia priſet honorem ry 1s the old Monaſtery, part whereof is turn'd into
Tam celebris delere loct, tantique Triamphi, the fair houſe of * Sir F.Ffer Knight. The Welt-
Eccleſie Fratres Hauguſtaldenſis adeſſe end of the Church is demolilh'd. The reſt ſtands
Devoti, Chriſtumque ſolent celebrare quotamnis. {till entire, and is a very ſtately Structure: in the
Quoque loci perfeſtat honos, in honore beats Quire whereof may be ſeen an old Tomb of a Per-
Olwaldi Regs ibt conſftruxere Capellam. ſon of Honour (ot the Martial Family of the Um- ?
And now he underſtood whence Heavenfeld came, framvils, as his Coat of Arms witneſles) ly ing with his Cn
Call'd in old time by that prophetick nams : Legs acroſs. By the wav, in that poſture it was
For now the reaſon of the name wzs piven, then the cuſtom to bury ſuch only as had taken the
When Hell': vile Troops were overcome by Heaven. | Crols upon them ; being , under that Banner , en-
But leaſt devouring Ages ſhould deface gag'd in the Holy War, for the recovery of the
The glorious triumph of the ſacred place, Holy-Land out of the Hands of the Mahbomnetans.
The Monks of old Hag«ſtald every year Near the Eaſt-end of the Church, on a riſing brow,
Do meet and joyn in their devotions here. {tand rwo ſtrong Bulwarks of hew'n-ſtone; which ,
And that great Oſwald's fame ſhould never dye, L was told, belong to the Archbiſhop of York.
They've rais'd a Chapel to his memory. From hence Eaſtward we pals'd on to Di/on, the Dillton.
Seat of the Ratchffs, calld in old Books Devilſfon ,
And another for his Commendation (well enough | from a ſmall brook which here empties it felt into
for the barbarous Age he liv'd in) writes thus : Tine, and which Bede names Devil's burn: where ( as
he writes) Oſwald, arm'd rs Chriſtian Faith, in a
x vos? On; - Tulins 2 Aut avis fair field, ſlew Cedwall the Britain, that wretched Ty- Bede! 3.c.1"
CN nas rene Ah : rant, who before had ſlain wo Kings of pray: hl
Fertur ; Alexander Mundum, ſed Julius boſtemr. land, and miſerably waſted their Country [0]. On _
Se ſome] Ofſwaldus, & Mundum victt, & hboſftem(m]. | the other bank of Tine ſtands Curia Ottadinorum men- Niu calls
Ceſar and Hercules applaud thy fame, tion'd by Ptolemy, which ( by the diſtances ) ſhould
And Alexander owns thy greater name, (came: leem to be Antonine's * Corſtopitum : tis now call'd |
Tho' one himſelf, one foes, and one the worid o're-) | Corbridge (from the Bridge here buile,) by Howeden,Co- Corbridge,
Great conqueſts all | but bounteous Heav'n in thee, —_ ) _-_ by LG ot J I. oy _
joyn'd the former three. this day it has nothing remarkable bur a Church, an
ORE, RYE Ns . bald Tower-houle built and inhabired by_ che
Be | Ofinatt's both Tines meet ; afeer Sourh-| Vicars © the place. Yet there are many ruins of an-
, jb =D, mg with the Wall, at about two | cient buildings, amongſt which King 7obn ſzarch'd Treaſire
miles diſtance from it) has palsd by Langley-Caſtle, tor lome old hidden 1 reaſure L bur Fon favour'd _
. ( where formerly, in the Reign of King John, 4- him no more in this vain queſt than the did Nero, in Hoveden.
dem de Tindale had his Barony, which afcerwards de- his Enquiries after the conceal'd riches of Dido at f5"u*
ſcended upon Nicholas de Bolreby , and was lately in| Carthage. For he found nothing but ſtones mark'd
the poſſeflion of the Percies ) and has ſlidden under a | with Bras, Iron, Lead [p]. Whoever views the
tttering and crazy wooden Bridge at Aidon. And | neighbouring heap of rubbith, which is now calſ'd Colecelter-
now the whole Tine ,. being well grown, and ſtill | Coleceſter, will readily conclude it to have been a Ro
encreaſing, preſſes foward in one Chanel for the O-| 7747 Fort. Upon the ſame bank we ſaw the fair Ca-
— mmmrtr_—_—_—_—
—
{ The | Biſhons of Hexham, belies S. Cuthbert ; who might brobably be reckon'd for a thirteenth. For he is faid ro have
hen bots elech at and conerwed 10! har See ; though he #14 nor think. fit to rake the charge upon him. 4, Ie was ſince part of the eftre of Sir
Wm F-nwi:k, who fo'd it to Sir Milian Blacker of Newcaltt;, Buroner. * Read Corſtopiltums. Far fo ſays H. Surita's Edition ; both in the Cext
and Comment.
% ile
A
"OI
a
OT 4
A
OW -—_— —_ ——
— S-
BB INT
I o— —
—
a6.
_
OE Sine wo or ot
<5 60
4 SL. De Atee
_—
<A OR GT FU EC A Les ns
» , lions artongs
{te of ZB:»e!l; which in the reign of King Fobn, was gate tne \\.
the Barony of Hugh Balliol, for which be {tocd oblig'd to agreeablene's of the
fg to the Ward of Newcaitle upon Tine thirty Knights |
Services ].
Below this Caſtle there is a moſt comely Weare
for catching of Salmons z and, in the middle af the
river, ſtand two firm Pillars of ftone, which former-
ly ſupported a Bridge. Hence Tine runs under Prud-
bow-Caltle (in old writings Prodbow) which is plea- |
fantly ſeated on the ridge of a hill. This, wall I am!
better inform'd, I ſhall gueſs to be Pr-to/1tia 5 which
is alſo written Procoletia, and was the {lation of the
firſt Cohort of the Batavi. "Tis famous tor gallantly
maintaining it ſelf (in the days of Hezry the fecond )
apainſt the tiege of William king Ol OCOrs WH9 ( as
Nubrigen(is expreſſes it) $01! d himſelf ard hs Army to
no purpoſe. Affterwards it belong'd to the * Umnfranu!s,
an eminent Family ; out of which vir Gubert ( a
Knight in the reign of Edward the thirſt) was, in right
of his wife, made Earl of A»gws in Scotland. The
true heireſs of the blood ( as our Lawyers expreks it )
was at length married into the family ot che Talboys,
and, after that, this Caſtle was (by the King's boun-
ty) conferrd upon the Duke of Bedford.
But, to return to the Wall. Beyond 5. Ofwald's,
the Foundations of the two Forts, which they call
Caſtle-Hleeds, are to be ſeen in the Wall; and then a
place call'd Portgate, where ( as the word in both.
Languages fairly evinces) there was formerly a Gate
| or Sally port | through it. Beneath this, and more
within the Wall, ſtands Halron-hall, the preſent feat
of the ancient and valourous family of the ” Carna-
bies ; and (hard by ) 41don-Cattle, which was part of
the Barony of the tore-mention'd Hr#zb Balliol. Now,
ſince a great many places on the Wall bear the name
of Aidon, and the fame word (in the Britiſh tongue)
ſignifies a Military Wing | Ala militaris ) or Troop
of Horſe, many whereof were ( as the Liber Nori
arum teaches us) placed along the Wall ; let the Rea-
der conſider, whether theſe places have not thence
had their names ; as other Towns had that of Leon,
where Legions [ or whole Regiments ] were quar-!
ter'd. However, near this place was digg'd up a
piece of an old ſtone, wherein was drawn the pour-
traiture of a Man lying on his bed, leaming upon his
left hand, and touching his right knee with his right;
rozcther with the following Inſcriptions:
| age.
NORICI. AN. XXX.
- - ESSOIRVS MAGNYS
FRATER EIVS
DVPL. ALAE
SABINIANAE.
queſt.
caſtle, from that new caltle which was here built by
' Robert fon of William the Conquercour, and within a
Wall runs to Welowsn, which ( trom thy
n2me, .and its twelie miles di.
ſtance from the eaitcrn fea) ] take to Le wie fan
Royal Borough wlich Bede calls” Ad mwrum 5 whe
Segebert, King of the E: :c25 was baptiz'd int
the Chriſtian Church by * Poulirus, Near this is 1
Fort cali'd O/d Wimchefter, which 1 readily believe tos, ;
be Vinds!ana ; where, as the 7:5: Voturarum lays, the
fourth Cohort of the Gall; kept a Frontier-par;
Thence we went to Routchejtcr, Where we met 1
evident remains of a ſquire Cam» joynins ook tn
a
eo 1 J
ion
the Wall. NMNear this is Headoy, which was rt
the Barony C/1 lus h ae Belchee — Who, hy tic !
was delccnded from the nob!: Barons of 2 7:
and had no nather iiite than dal iiers, 1 v4
Ralph Lord Greiſtock, F f. vell, Hint n(
Corbet.
And now, near the meeting of the Wall and
ſtands Newca/*/e, the glory ot ail the Towns 1:
Country. *Tis enobled by a Haven on the 7,
which 15 of that depth as to carry Vetieis of ve;
gocd burthen, and of that ſecurity, that ti;cy are {1
no hazard of either ſtorms or ſhallows | & |. 3;
ſituation is climbing and very uneven, on the noy.
th:rn bank of the river, whici is croſsd by a ver,
fair bridge. As you enter the rown from licence. you
have, on the letc haid the Caltie overtoppina y,
and thereafter a very ſteep brow of a hill. On the
right you have the Market-place, and the bei: huil:
part of the "Town ; from which to the upper and {;
larger part, the aſcent is a little troublefome, ?7
beautitied with four Churches | r]: and defend. d þ
exceeding ſtrong walts. wherein are {oven gates, aid
a great many turrets. What it was anciently 1s not
yer diſcoverd. I am very inclinable to think wa;
Gabroſentum; lince Gateſhead ( which is, as ic were,
ics ſuburbs ) is a word of che ſame fignification with
that Britiſh name, deriv'd from Gears, as has been
already mention'd. Betides, the No!itza Prowncia-
rum places Gabroſentum (and 1n 1t the ſecand Cohort G4
of the Thracians) | ad lmean Valli | within the very
range ot the Wall. And 'tis moſt certain, that the
Rampier and | afterwards | the Wall pafs'd throuzh
this Town ; and at Pazdon-gate there itili remains, as
tis thought, one of the lictle Furrers of that very
Wall. ”Tis indeed ditferent trom the reft both in
faſhion and maſonry, and ſeems to carry a very great
The name of AMonk-che/ter is ailo an argument
ot its being a garriſon'dl For* ;- for fo, from the
Monks, it was calld about the time of the Con-
Soon after, it got the madern name of New
'f
41 \C1*
while was mightily enlargd by a gocd trade on t!::
| Coalts of Germany, and by the ſile of irs {ea-coal
Beyond the Wall riſes the river Poxt ; and running
Fenwick, down by Fenwick-hall, the ſeat of the emincat anc
valiant family of the Fenwicks, for ſome miles trons
the Wall, and had its banks guarded by the ticit Co-
Pons Zlii. hort of the Cornawi: at Pons e/£11, built by | the Em-
Pont-eland. PErour ] eElius Hadrianxs, and now called Poxt-E! 7:4.
Here Henry the third concluded a peace with the
King of Scots, in the year 1244. and near it
the hrſt Cohort of the Tungri lay at Borwick, which
(whereof this Country has great plent
a very rich Burper be
the Scots, out of the middic of the town, ticft paid
a round ranfoin tor himlcif, and afterwards bezan
the firſt fortifications of tl |
, townimen, mov'd by his e
and wholly encompab'd themſzives with
walls : ſince which, timz
V) mio other
parts of Erg/and. In the reign of Edweord the ticit,
ing cairy'd off a pritoner by
place. 'The reit cl ths
*” | » —ey | ! | % vr.
1 DIC. FntnhgG He WOIK
B60K% 1{OUL
: |
| f
CE N23S IN) J»Ilh
X i
x -
. I
TLLS! |
manzgd her trade, in {pizt.c of el © £:21pt
her enenues and the many neighbouring thie)
that ſhe is now in a mo! Houriliing ftate of we
and commerce [s]: upon which account 5 Henry t
lixth made it a County incorporate of it {c!f, jc
in 21 degrees and 30 minutes longitnde, ond in
54 and 57 of northern latitude.
created of the ſuburbs of Ga:eHhead, which is joynd
XY
We have alie:
0 red Shi ys
the Notitia Provinciarum Calls Borcovicuss From Port. [to Newcaſtie| by the bridge, and belongs to the 1::-
' The firit of this tamily 1 meet with was Gz/ber?, of whim the Hite
= ' . = 1
T1400 Þ {\C this h« nM UTGD © CoiaT.ILH
, f
anna
06717 Quiaam rreclarus baro. partium Anghae Boerealtum cuiios (* fries {mgrlars, ſciltce? Gilebertus de Burton: i::5 f TITRE £3 1
þoreact. Cys Cultodiam ftatim conceſſit Rex Comiti | exrectitriz. &c, Sir Kobert Umnpatyuil was ShenrF ct the cot ir the gc ard 5 i
oi Faw. :. and inthe 2d and 6th of Hen. 4. Another Sir Rober: Unzfrawi (a vounger fon, I think to the fa:d Sh) F ) vas Vice-Acmiral of 4
A.Þ. 1419. «ad brought fuch picnry of Prizes ( in cloth, corn, and other valuable commicditics) rom $07 ond, the* Ic x Game of |
Mend-market. F. Stow, in dev. 4. = This family hes bccn a god wWhiic in this Coeur'y ; WH tim Carnaty Ec ove tin Shen fe
tae 2th year of Hen. 6. But *tis likely it came from Carnaby nrar Brialle grow, in the Ealt-RiGing of Tok ſhire. '# In the Srxm 2!
« Holland rightly obſerves, that S:geber: was bapriz'd by E:z4nws ; who allo (at the fame place) boptiz'd Prada, Kirg ci i} Art G
1s whele tram ot Courtzers and Attendants. Bege, hib. 3. cap. 21. » In 5n original Charter (dard the firft yeor EK, 25h) cornaiyng |
Lands to the Church ot # immceestzr, lubign'd by a great many Larons,we have Signum Malter; de Folebrc Boy. $£10 ir <4 Ec: par-2.C FP5
(*:< //ahel ae Balebec, Countcls of Oxford, tuit tounded a Corcnt of Dominicans in ther City, for Which the Unive!, y hed 27m to 56
bs HRT Yo :
s King Richard the ſecond grazed, that a ſa&ird jiou'd be carry'd brjerctl.c Mayer ; and King 1s the [1x71 , Ee
» i
SLE
.
_—
MH,
__—
NORT H-HU MS
ſhop of Durham. "This town, for its ſituation and | may be ſeen inthe Codex Theodafii, under the title De
plenty of ſea-coal [t] (fo uſefnl in it ſelf, and to| Luſoriis Danubii, Under the Saxon Heptarchy it was
which ſo great a part of Englend and the Low-Coun- | called Tunnacerten ; not, as Bede affirms, from ' Ab-
:ries are indebted for their good fires) is thus com- bot Twas, but from the river. Here was allo a little
mended by Fenſton in his [ Poems on the } Cities of| Monaſtery, which was frequently plunder'd by the
Brit ain. Danes ; 'tis now nam'd Tinmouth-caſtle, and glories in
a ſtately and ſtrong Caſtle, which, ſays an ancient
| Author, « inacceſſibly ſeated on & wery high rock toward;
N 0 V UI M C ASTRUM the Ocean on the eaſt and north, \and elſewhere ſo well
mounted, that a ſlender gariſon makes it good. For this
realon. Robert Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, choſe
—
Rupe ſedenr:celef, rerun aut wiracala ſpeft at it for his chief hold, when he rebelld againſt King
Natur, aut (alers diſt abit illa aitis. William Rufas : but, as is uſual, fratrers ſucceeded nor
Sedibus e/Ethbereis quid fruſtra queritis 1gnem ? well wich this Rebel, who being here brought into
Hunc alit , hun terrs (uſcitat ſta ſimu. diſtreſs by his bzſiegers, retir'dto the adjoyning Mo
Non zllum torvo terras qui turbine terret ; naſtery, which had the eſteem of an holy [ and in-
Sed qui animans Terris, detque animos animis. violable] ſanctuary.” Neverthgleſs, he was thence
Eliquat bic ferrum, 1, bic aurum duttile fundit. carry'd off, and wank in Mong and noitom du-
Quos non auri llex conciet umbrs animos * rance, juſtly fuffer'd for histreJon.
Quin (aiunt) auro permutat bruta metalla; I muſt now coaſt it alopg this ſhoce. Behind the
Alchimus bunc 1g itur predicat efſe Deum. Promontory whereon Tunnocellgm [ or Tinmouth | is
$1 deus eſt, ceutu dittas, divme magiſter, ſeated, (near Seton, part of the Barony Defa-va}i in
Haec quot alis ? Quot alit Scotia noſtra Deos ? | the reign of Hewy the third)-ſ[tands Seghi!/, call'd
Segedunum, the ſtation of the ' third Cohort of the
Lergi, on the ets or Rampier ; and ar Seged:s-
of mum 1n the Britiſh tongue ſignifies rhe fame thing 2s
NEw C ASTLE Segbill in the Engliſh. TA os miles from hence the
ſhore is cut by the river Blizhe, which (having paſ'd
From her gh rock great nature's works ſurveys, by Belſey, the ancient inheritance of the Middletons,
And kindly
E'R-L A N D. 858
SCrO71,
Sad.
LETT”
:
IORSTU
,
IC 460: .
preads her goods through lands and ſeas. | and Ogk-Cofth, belonging tothe Barons of Ogle) does Barons of
Why ſeek you fire in ſome exalted ſphere ? here, together with the river Pont, empty it felf into 5'<
Earth's fruitful boſom will ſupply you here. the ſea. Theſe [Ozles} were honour'd with the title
Not ſuch whoſe horrid flaſhes ſcare the plain, of Barons/fromy the very beginning of Edward the
But gives enliv'ning warmth to earth and mgn. ' {| foutth's reign, having enrich'd themſelves by marry-
Ir'n, braſs, and gold its melting force obey 3 | ing the heirs of Berthram de Bothil, Alan Heton, and
(Ah! whos e'er free from gold's almighty ſway ?) | Alexander Kirkby. The male iflue of theſs Baron;
Nay, into gold *twill change a baler ore, was lately extin& in Cuthbert, the ſeventh Baron,
Hence the vain Chymiſt deifies its power : , who had two daughters, Foan, marry'd to Edward
{t 't be a god, as is believ'd by you, \Talbot a younger on of George Earl of Shrewsbury, and
This place and Scorland more than Heaven can ſhew. Catherine, marry'd to Sir Charles Cavendiſh, Knight.
A little gs the river Wents-beck falls into the wenmteck:
Scarce three miles hence ( for I take no notice of fea. It runs by Meford, which was fir'd by King 105.”
Goſſeford, which was the Barony of Richard Sur-Teis, | Fobn and his Rutars, when they miſerably waſted j,79%
® or Upen the Tees, a perſon of great repute under | this Country { u_|. That. age... calld, choſe foreign
-2. Henry the firſt) ſtands a little village call'd Tall-end, | Auxiliaries -and- Free booters Ratars, who were
The very fignification of the word proves this to| brought out of the Low-countries and other pla-
have been the ſtation of the ' ſecond Cohort of the | ces to ming fobs's afliſtance, by” Falques * de Brent
Thracians, which in the Liber Notitiarum is <alld and Walter Buc. Brent being a * crack-brain'd fellow,
=-
”"
.: Vindobale, and by Antoninus, Vindomora : for the latter ol afrerwards baniſh'd the Kingdom! ; but Buc, a
{e:ms, ir» the provincial language of the Britains, to perſon of more ſobriety, having ns the King good
have ſenified the alls-end, and the former the Ram lervice, had conferr'd on him, by his Royal Bounty,
pier's-end ; ſince they anciently nam'd a Wall AMur, Lands in Yorkſvire and Northamptonſhire, where his
and a Dircch or Rampier Gueal®. Poſterity flourith'd down to Fohn Buck, who was at-
Nor is it likely, chat either the Ditch or the Wall eainted under Henry the ſeventh. Great grandſon to
went any further, ſince they are not to be traced be- this { Fob ] is that perſon of excellent l:arning
3ond this place, and Tine ( being now near the ſea)| Sir George Buc Knight, Maſter of the Reve!s, who
carries ſo deep. a Chanel, as may ſerve inſtead of the ( for I ove to own my BenefaQtors) has remark'd
{trongeſt Fort. Yet ſome will nzeds maintain, that | many things in our Hiſtories, and courteouſly com-
z\. the Ditch, tho' not the Wall, reach'd as far as Tin-| municated his obſervations. This was formerly the
CY
T-
mouth; which, they aſſert, was call'd Pen ball-crag, | Barony of William Berthram, whoſe line ſoon fail'd
that is, the” Head of the Rampier in the Rock. This| in ” Roger his grandſon, the three co-heireſies being
opinion I ſhall not-gainſay ; however, I dare conti- marry'd to Norman Darcy, T. Penoury, and William de
dently affirm, that this place was, in the time of the | Elmeley. |
Romans, call'd Tunnecellum, which ſignifies as much as} After this, Wentsbeck runsthrongh the famous little
the Promontory of Tumma or Tina, where the firſt Co.) Town of Morpeth ; for | the body of | che Town is
hort ef lia Claſſica ( firſt rais'd, as the name probably {zated on the northern bank of the river, and the
imports, by «flus Haarianus) was in pay for Sea- | Church on the ſouthern. Near to which ſtands alto,
ſervice : for the Romans had their Naves Luforie | On a ſhady hill, the Caſtle ; which, cogerhec with the
' or light Frigats | in their border-rivers, both for the ; Town, came from Ryger de Merlac or Merley (who:
ſ:pprefſing of the excurſions of the neighbouring ' Barony it was) to the Lords of Grey/tock, and from
enemy, and the making incurſions upon him : as them to the Barons Dacre of Gilleſland. I meet with
_ — — — — —— — #O— ——
—
D— —————————— __— —_______@f@wu_ —_
! Read, rhe Firſt Cohort of the Frixag1 : for ſo ſays the Liber Notitiarum. The ſecond Cohort of the Thracians was (juſt now) rightly placed by
our Aurhor at Gabroſen:um, By the way, there is an ili-contfiv'd and incoberent Interpolation in Bede's Ecelef. Hulk. lib. 1. cap. 12. wherewith Ba-
coanan and ſome other Scottiſh Writers {cem to be mightily taken ; which ( it it proves any thing at all) ſhews, that :indobala was, by the Br:-
tains, call'd Penvabcl. r '[is a pity the ſtory of Tunns, and his giving his name to Tumaceſſir (or Tumnanceaſtre) ſhould be diſcountenanc'd.
His prayjag of his quick brother out of true bonds, in(tcad of relieving his departed foul in Purgatory, is one of the prettieſt and molt comical
Miracles in B-de's whole pack ; and what I cannot bur recommend ro the Reader for very good diverhion. Eccl, Hiſt. lib. 4. cap. 22. / Aiter
the C nque!t it became a Cell of St. Alban's. The ruins of this Monaitery are itill ro be ſcen «irthin the Caftie. Here was formerly the Pariſh-
Church ; bar (that being gone much to decay, and the Pariſhioners, in the late civil wars, bein often debarr'd the liberty of a tree reſort to it) another
was begun to be vuile 14 the year 1659. which was afterwards finiſh'd, and confecrared by Biſhop Coſens, inthe year 1668. + The Fourth, fays
Dr. Gz//s edition :t th: Natitie. « Homa efferat:s is our Anthor's expreſhon. Our Hiſtorians call him Prado nequi{ſumu, and a thouſand more
hird names ; b=c2uſe he u3'd to make a little free with the Monaſteries and rh=1r treaſures as they = in his way. » This Rover, I ſuppoſe, is the
fame whereof Mat. Paris (in ch2 year 1242. ) makes ſuch honourable mention ; I pariibrs Borealibus Rogerus Bertram, cum alizs quibuſdam nobi-
livus, ah bac lace mTrauit. Sit Fol Brriram was ſeveral times Sheriff of North emberland, in the reign of Henry 6. The Chriſtian name of Berrram
(uit £ which, as our Aathor nores in his Rom 3's, fom: think the Spaniard;have made their Ferdinands) is ill very commoa in theſe nurthern parcs.
6 Bal, al. an! G ual. .
**Hkh nothing
Rupi Ari.
® ()r, a
BreAalits
Morpet'y,
- ad TOI IT -oCt 3 - _ -
:
* 4 en... ARE Ln TIPS)
« Co patndagbuoty avon
och agg Torn Ins. Sa rio. en -
FP
G3.2C9Y C121
With ing-
TVil .
Coqucr,
Harbottle.
H:lyſton,
Wak-
worth.
Parl.Rolls,
5 Edw.3.
Clavering.
® The Son,
Mocrw i. k.
Alaunus.
Ainc.
Alnewick.
1174-
1097.
OO Os Anno oc 0 GAO Eo I I IEEE OO rn no rn
O07TADINI.
nothing anciently recorded of this place ; ſave only
that in the year of our Lord 1215. the Towns-men
themſelves burnt it, in pure ſpight to King Fobn | uu}.
From hence Hentsbeck runs by Bothal Caſtle, ancient-
ly the Barony of Richard Berthram ; from whoſe Po-
ſtericy ir deſcended upon the Barons of Ogle. Upon
the bark of this river I have © long fancied ( whe-
ther upon good grounds or pure conjecture I know
not) was the ſeat of Glanovenra ; where the Romans
plac'd a Gariſon of the firſt Cohort of the Morznz,
tor the defence of the Marſhes. This the very fitua-
tion of the place ſeems to argue ; and the name of
the river, with its ſignification,may further evidence.
For 'tis { ad Lineam Valli] upon the range of the
Wall or Rampire, as the Liber Notitiarum places that
Fort. And the river is call'd Wents-beck. Now Gla-
yoventa in the Britiſh tongue ſignifies the ſhore Or bank
of Went : whence alſo Glanon , a Maritime Town in
France (mention'd by Mela) may probably have had
its name.
Not far hence ( to omit other leſs conſiderable
Turrets ) ſtands, on the ſhore, the old Caſtle of
on the very point of ſurrender ; when preſently he
was ſlain by a Souldier, who ſtabb'd him with a
Spear, on the point whereof he pretended to deliver
him the Keys of the Caſtle. His fon Edward, raſh.
ly charging upon the Enemy, to revenge his father's
death, was alſo mortally wounded , and dy'd ſoon
afcer. This was formerly a Barony of the ſci: :
for Henry the ſecond gave it to Eutachins Fitz,-Fohy, -
father of William Veſcie, in Tenure of twelve Knight +...
Services. Fohn Veſcie returning from the Holy War,
firſt brought Carmelites into England, and built a @,_
Covent for them here at Holme, a — place, and
not unlike to Mount Carmel in Syria | x]. William,
the laſt of the Veſcies , made. Anthony Bec Biſhop > y:,,
Durham Truſtee of this Caſtle and the Demeſn-lands «=
belonging toit, for the uſe of his natural ſon, the
only Child heleft behind him. But the Biſhop, baſe.
ly betraying his truſt, alienated the Inheritance ; fel.
ling it for ready money to William Percie, ſince whoſe T
time it has always been in the poſleflion of the Per-
CIEN.
From hence the ſhore, after a great many Inden- "3.
tures, pu by [y.] Dunſt aburge, a Caſtle belonging ***
to the Du Lanca#ter , wiiich ſome have * mi.
2ar its Head hasBuleſdun,trom whence are ſprung the | ſ:
worſhipful family of the Selbies; & (lower,to the South)
Harbottle, in the Saxon hepborele, i.e.che Arme s tation,
whence the Family of the ' Harborrles, of good note in
the laſt Age. Here was formerly a Caſtle,which was
demoliſh'd by the Scots in the year 1314- Hard by
ſtands Halyffon or Holy-#tone ; where, in the primi-
tive Engliſh Church, Paulmm is ſaid to have bapti-
zed many thouſands. Upon the very mouth of
Ccquet the ſhore is guarded by the fair Caſtle of
Warkworth, belonging to the Percies 5 wherein 1s a
Chapel admirably cut out of a Rock , and fully fi-
niſhed wichout Beams or Rafters. This King Ed-
ward the third gave to Henry Percy, together with
the Manour of Rochbury. It was formerly the Baro-
ny of Roger Fitz-Richard, given him by Henry the
ſecond King of England ; who alſo beltow'd Clawer-
ing in Eſſex upon his ſon. Whereupon, at the com-
mand of King Edward the firſt, they took the fir-
name of Clawerirg ; leaving the old faſhion of fra-
ming firnames out of the Chriſtian name of their
Father : for fo anciently , according to the ſeveral
names of their Fathers, men were call d Robert? F:tz-
Roger, Roger Fitz-Fohn , &c. Part of this Inheri-
tance fell, by Fine and Covenant, to the Newils, af
terwards Earl of Weitmoreland : and another ſhare of
it to a daughter call'd Eve, married to Th. Ufford ;
from whoſe Poſterity it afterwards deſcended heredi- |
carily upon the Fienes Barons of Dacre. But from
the younger ſons branch'd out the Barons of Evers,
the Evers of Axbolme, the Claverings of Calaly in this
County, and others. In the Neighbourhood, is Mor-
wic, Which may alſo boaſt of its Lords , whole
Male-iſlue was extin& about the year 1258. The
Inheritance was convey'd by daughters to the Lum-
leys, Seymours, Buimers and Roſcells.
Then the ſhore receives the river Alaunw : which,
having not yet loſt the name whereby 'twas known
to Prolemry , 1s [till briefly call'd Aline. On its banks
are Twifford or Double-Ford ( where a Synod was
held under King Fefrid [w]Y and” Eſlington , the
ſeat of the Col/:m7zwo0ds, men of renown in the wars :
as allo Alan-wick ( call'd by the Saxons Ealn-pic ,
and now uſually Anwick ) a Town famous for the
victory obtain'd by the Engliſh ; wherein our brave
Anceſtors took #:l;am King of Scots, and preſented
him a Priſoner to Henry the ſecond. *Tis defended
with a goodly Caſtle, which Malcol» the third King
of Scotland had fo ſtraitned by fiege, that it was up-
* $444
Take Roger Hoveden's deſcripti-
on of it: Bebba, ſays he, is a wery ſtrong City ; not
exceeding large, as containing about two or three acres of
ground. It bas one bollow entrance into it, which is ad-
mirably rais'd by ſteps. On the top of a hill ſtands a fair
Church ; and on the Weſtern point is a Well, curiouſly
adorn'd, and of ſweet and cleans water. At preſent it
is rather reckon'd a Caſtle than a City ; tho' of
that extent that it rivals ſome Cities. Nor was it
look'd upon as any thing more than a Caſtle when
King William Rufus built the Tower of Male-weifn Tw:
over againl\t it, the better to engage the Rebel Mow- 4
bray , who lurk'd here, and at laſt ſtole off and fled.
A great part of its beauty was afterwards loſt in the
Civil Wars ; when Breſſje the ſtout Norman, who
fought for the Houſe ot Lancaſter, dealt unmerciful-
ly with ic. Since that time it has been in a con-
cinual ſtruggle with old Age, and the Winds; which
[latter] has, through its large windows , drifted up
an incredible quantity of Sea-ſand in its ſeveral Bul-
warks. Near this is Emildon , ſometime the Barony
of Fohn le Viſcont ; but Rametta , the heir of the fa- y;
mily, fold it to S903 de Monfort Earl of Leiceſter { aa].
In this | Barony | was born Fobn Duns, call'd Scotar, j,:
becauſe deſcended from Scotiſh Parents ; who was
educated in Merton College in Oxford, and became};
an admirable proficient in Logick and School-Divi-
nity : but ſo critically ſcrupulous, that he darkned all
cons ta Truths, He wrote many things with tia!
profound and wondrous ſubtlety (tho' in an obſcure
and impoliſh'd ſtile) chat he won the name of D»-
tor Subtilts; and had the new Sect of Scorifts erct- =
ed in his name [bbj. He dy'd miſerably : being ?*
taken with an Apoplecick fit, and too haſtily bu- j;;1
ried for dead. For, Nature having too late wrought
through the Diſtemper, he vainly mourn'd for aflt-
ſtance, till (art laſt ) beating his head againſt the
Tomb-ſtone, he daſh'd our his brains, and ſo ex-
pir'd. Whereupon a certain Talian wrote thus ol
him :
wo
by 5
io
C %
i
mn Xx @T RF © VL HEH TW OY Yy I], SPP
Quecunque bumant fucrent, juriſque Sacrati,
In dubium veniunt cunfia wvocante SCOLO.
Quid ? quod & in dubium illus fit vita wocata,
Morte illum (imili ludificante ſtrophs.
_
En
»* This, in all probability, had not been very long fancy'd : For, in ſome former Editions of this work, Bainerizg in Vorajhire is ſ:ppoſec to bid 33
fair a$ any place for the old name of Glanoventa. But Carrvorran (as has been already notec) 15 as likely as c:ther thar or this, is
of Henry the fourth down to Richard the third, there were ſeveral ot this name Sherifts of Nor? /lrmberiand. The Saxon Termination ct orl (IAC
is of the like import w ith by, am and 7m) is nor only to be obſerv'd in the name ot this Viilzge ; but in L ar99! tle, $/:1'b2ttle, and others of cls any
x This 15 ftill the ſeqr of the fame Family ; William Collingwiod Ef;circ ( the chick of his name) being irs preſent propricts?:
in this County.
« Poljd. Virg. li. + [439, -
mn >. wy a, v
; from the rein
wizzcl
Ou:
—
a ſtands Bramtor. , a little obſcure and inconſiderable !
», Kingdoms. For, in the old Engliſh Language , In-
"
_——
%*
'the Hemry the firſt gave to Robert de Muſco-campo Or Muſ-
#"?* champ , who bare Azure, three Butterflyes, Argent.
From him deſcended [ another ] Robere, who, in the | nowne
MMU eo IT
NORTH-HUMBER-LAN D.
QUuum non ante virum vita jugularit adempta,
Qnim wivns tumulo conditus ille foret.
What lacred Writings or prophane can ſhow,
All Truths were (Scotus) call'd in doubt by you.
Your Fate was doubtful too : Death boaſts to be
The firſt chat chous'd you with a Fallacy :
Who, leſt your ſubtle Arts your life ſhould fave ,
Before ſhe ſtruck, ſecur'd you in the grave.
That he was born here in England I affirm upon
the authority of his own Manuleripe Works in the
Library of Merton-College in Oxford , which con-
clude thus : Explicit Letfura Subtilis, 8c. Here ends
the Lenre of John Duns, calld Door Subtilis, in rhe
Univerſity * of Paris 3; who was born in a certain Ham-
[ct of the Pariſh of Emildun, call'd Dunſton, in the
County of Northumberland , belonging ro rhe Houſe of
the Scholars of Merton-Hall i» Oxtocd.
Upon this Ahore there is nothing further worth
mentioning ( except Holy-Iland , of which in its due
place ) tijl we come to the mouth of Twede , which
tor a long way divides England from Scotland, and is
call'd the Eaſtern March. Whereupon , chus our
[ Country-man ] Necham * :
Anglos a Pittis ſejungit limite certo
Flumen quod Tuedam priſtina linguz wocat.
The Pidts are fever'd from the Englith ground
By Twede (flo call'd of old) a certain bound.
| there with them ſix and thirty days ; which be ſpent in the
duties of — and Baptizing. For, from morning
till night, bis whole buſineſs was to inſtruct the Country
People, that flock'd to him from all places and villages
round, in the Principles of Chriſtianity ; and , after they
were ſo inſtrufted, to baptize them in rhe neighbouring r1-
ver of Glen. This Manour-bouſe was diſm'd by the fol.
lowing Kings; and another eretted in its ſtead at Melmin,
ow Meltfeld.
Here, at Brumford near Brumridge , King Arthel-
Conſtantine King of Scots, an
of Wit and 7 Bombalt. In this place the name of
Bramiſh is loſt in Till ; which firlk
Caſtle ( heretofore the property of the valiant Fami-
ly of the Herons , now of the Carrs ;) and Etal, for. 8:al.
| merly the ſeat of the Family of © Manowrs or de Ma-
| ner44s 3 Which was long ſince of a knightly rank, and
out of which the preſent Right Honourable Earls of
Rutland are deſcended. 1 wittingly omit many Ca-
ſtles in this Country : for 'twere endleſs to recount
|
'
land.
Over againſt this Ford, Weſtward, riſes the high
This river riſes in a large ſtream out of the Moun-
tains of Scotland, and afterwards takes a great many
turns among the Moſs- Troopers and Drivers (to give |
them no worſe name ) who, as one expreſles it, de- |
termine T les by dint of Swo:d. When it comes '
. near the village of Carram, being encreas'd with ma-
ny other waters, it begins to diſtinguiſh the Con-
fnes of the Kingdoms : and having palſs'd Werk-
Ca/#/e , ſometime enjoy'd by the Roſſes , and now by
tlie Greys (who have been long a Family of great
valour, ) and frequently aſfaulited by the Scots,
is inlarg'd by the river of 7://. This river has two
names : For, at its riſe ( which is further within the
body of this County) 'tis call'd Bramiſh 3 and on it
Village { cc]. Hence it runs Northward by Bengely ; |
which , together with Brampton, Bromdum, Rodam
(which gave name to a Family of good note in theſe
parts) Edelingham , &c. was the Barony of Patrick
E:rl of Dunbar , in the reign of Henry the third.
Doomiday-Book fays, he was Inborow and Outborow
berwixt England and Scotland ; that is , if I under-
ſtand it right, he was here to watch and obſerve the
ingreſs and egreſs of all Travellers between the two
bopou is an Ingreſs or Entry. More North, upon
the river, ſtands Chevelingbam or Chill;ngham ; which
was a Caſtle that belong'd to one Family of the Greys,
* Horron-Caſtle did to another [dd]. But thoſe two
are now match'd into one.
Near this is the Barony of 7Follover ; which King
while King Henry che eighth lay at the fiege ot Tour-
nay 1n France, with a great dcal of Courage and a
greater deal of Hopes ( tor, before they began their
March, they had divided our Towns among them )
invaded England Here Thomas Howard Earl of Sur-
rey, with a good Army, bravely recziv'd him. The
Diſpute was obſtinate on both ſides, till the night
parted them, unable ſtill co determine which way
Victory inclin'd. But the next day diſcover'd both
the Conquerour and the Vanquiſh'd ; and the Kin
of Scots himſelf, being mortally wounded in Prog,
places, was found among the heaps of the ſlain.
Whence anew Addition was givento the Arms of the
Towards.
Twede, encreasd by Till , runs now in a larger
ſtream by Norham or Northam ; which was formerly Norham,
call'd Ubban-ford, The Town belongs to the Bi-
ſhops of Durham: For Biſhop Egfid built it, and his
Succeſſor Ralph ereted the Caſtle on the top of a
ſteep rock, and moted it round. In the utmoſt
Wall, and largeſt in Circuit, are plac'd ſeveral Tur-
rets on a Canton towards the river ; within which
there is a ſecond Encloſure much (tronger than the
former ; and, in the middle of that again , riſes a
high Keep. But the well-eſtabliſh'd Peace of our
times has made theſe Forts to be long neglected ;
notwithſtanding that they are placed upon the very
Borders [ gg ]. Under the Caſtle, on a Level Weſt-
ward, lyes the Town and Church ; wherein was
buried Ceolwulph, King of Northumberland, to whom King
Venerable Bede dedicated his Books of the Eccleſj- £92k;
aſtical Hiſtory of England , and who afterwards, ye-
ing the World, took upon him the habit of a Monk Rog. Hover
reign of Henry the third, was reckon'd the mightieſt | in the Church of Lindisfern, and liſted himſelf a Soul-
Baron in all theſe Northern parts.
tance ſoon after was divided and ſhared among wo- | wards tranſlat
. men: whereof one was marry'd to the Earl of Stra-| alſo the Danes had miſerably waſted the Holy Ifand,
thern in Scotland , another to William de Huntercombe,
But the Inheri- | dier of che Kingdom of Heaven , bis body being after-
ed to the Church of Northam. hen
wherein S. Cuthbers ( fo much magnified by Bede )
and a third to Odonel de Ford [ee]. Soon after, Till is| was Biſhop, and lay buried , ſome endeavour'd, by
encreas'd by the river of Glen; which gives the | a religious ſtealth, to convey his body beyond Sea :
name of Glendale to the Valley through which it runs.
but, the winds ſtanding contrary, they with all due
Of this rivulet Bede gives us the following account *; | reverence , depoſited the ſacred Body at * Ubbanford
Paulinus coming with the King and Queen to the Royal | ( whether a Biſhop's See or no, 1: uncertatn ) near the ri- have (cor.
* Manour of Ad-gebrin ('tis now call'd Tewerm ) ſtay'd | ver Twede ; where it lay for many jears, till the coming Gabrd
i1L Mat-
— ——= -—— -—— — -- — ——
— CO OO
6 'Twas an uſual thing, in thoſe davs, for rhe Oxford-Scholars to ſpend ſome time at Pars : but our
reap'd any great advantage by their French Education. Hitt. & Antiq. Oxon. Lib. [. an Ann. 128 2.
Gire£t) ides w he river Glen) for the finding out the place there mention'd, by telling us that The ſtowe
on (beſides whar we have from the river Girw) 55 Y is » toll refurztion of what Bede is made to ſay betore, That King Oſwald
4 Mr. H. Collingwood of Brankerton has Dceds by him, whereby it appears that Etal was in the poſe
».gthe; i.e Thoſe places are in the Country of the Bernicians. Which
tirit brought Chriſtianity into that Kingdom.
—
$axon Paraphraſc gives us a further
Ted on Beornice
{ion of his Anceſtors (of the ſame name) in the reign of Edward the axrh.
© Inſinuating that the hither part of Scotland was cad Pitt land,
ny thing he knew. The whole 54+ is only in good old Engliſh
36; weriy ſdec: fied.
7 In barbarous I atin,Holland. It might have been in Heathen: Greek, for
See the Soxan Chron. in the year 938.
s Ar I bave
of
s# N;ar Bramion.
Melfc1g.
Bartel of
ſtan fought a picch'd Bartel _—_ Anlaf the Dane, z,,»/rd
Eugenius petty King of Sec H Hur-
Cumberland [ ff ], wherein he had tuch ſucceſs , {75 35:
that the Engagement is delcribd by che Hiſtorians and ingut-
and Poets oft that Age in extraordinary Raptures*"*:
paſſes by Ford. ford.
them all ; ſince 'tis certain, that in the days of !!'s.Cz*
H, he {> d h " (x Lg files in
enry the ſecond , there were 1115 Caltles in Eng: gegland.
Mountain of Floddon * . famous for the overthrow of ar "ag
4 6V »
Zames the fourth King of Scots and his Army ; who, ;;1;.
® The prin
ted Books
-— mesb. de
Engliſh-men, as ſeldom then as they do now, =p _
—_—
Fillay,
A golden
Þ }r.
Berwick,
"098. gk p
#7 ulpirus
rc 1ders Brr-
W145 2
A innour.
"OTTADINI
—_— —_ ee.
—_ —
of King Ethelred. This, and other matters, were
caught me ( for I ſhall always own my Inſtructors )
by George Carlton born at this place, being fon to
the Keeper of Norbam-Caſtle ; whom, for his ex-
cellent Proficiency in Divinity (whereof he is Pro-
feſſor) and other polite Learning, I love, and am
lov'd by him: 2nd | were unworthy of that love,
if I ſhould not acknowledpe { his Friendſhip. ] The
old people told us that at Kiley , a lictle neighbour-
—
better to ſecure himſelf in that Kingdom. "Two and
twenty years after, Thomas Stanley, with a gieat lof:
of men, reduc'd it to the obedience of Edward the
fourth. Since which time the Kings of Erg/+»:4
have ſeveral times fortify'd it with new works ; but
eſpecially Queen El:zabeth, who lately (to the te.
rour of the enemy, and fecurity of the Burghers)
hath drawn it into a leſs compaſs than before, and
ſurrounded it wich a high ſtone wall of firm Aſhler
ing Village below Norham, were found (wichin the | work, which is again ſtrengthen'd with 2 deepdiecl:,
memory of our Grandfathers) the ſtudJs of a baſtions, and counterſcarp ; fo that its fortification;
Knight's Belt , and the hilt of a Sword , of maſlie | are fo ſtrong and regular, that no beſiegers can hope
Gold ; which were preſented to T. Ruthall Biſhop of
Durham.
A little lower you have the mouth of Twede z
on the farther bank whereof ſtands Berwick, the
laſt Town in England, and beſt fortify'd in all
Britain hh ]. Some derive the name of this Town
from one Berengarins, a Romantick Duke. Leland | Marches.
'
:
:
:
:
to Carry it hereafter, ( Not to mention the valour
ot the Garriſon, and the ſurprizing plenty of Ammy.
nition and all warlike ſtores.) Be it alſo rememberd,
that the Governour of this place was alwaies a perton
ofthe greateſt wiſdom and eminence among the En-
gliſh Nobilicy ; and was alſo Warden of thelz ealtern
he Mathematicians have plac'd thi;
-—
ferches ir from Aber, the Britiſh word for the mouth | Town in 21 degrees and 43 minutes of longitude,
of a river ; and fo makes Aberwick to ſignifie a Fort |and in 55 and 48 of { northern) latitude. So that the
buile upon ſuch a mouth. But they will beſt un- | longeſt day, in this climate, conſiſts of ſeventeen
derſtand the true etymology of it, who know what | hours and 22 minutes ; and its night has only tix
is meant by the word Berwicys in the Charters of hours and 38 minutes. So truly has Servims Honoratus :
our Kings, wherein nothing's more common than | written of this Country : Britamn, ſays. he, bas (ach
I give the Townſhips of C. and D. cum ſuw Berwick | it). | plenty of day, that ſhe has hardly any room for mebe, *
For my. part, what it ſhould mean I know not ;\ Nor is it a wonder, that the Souldiers of this Garri-
unleſs it be a Hamler or ſome ſuch dependency | fon are able to play all night at dice without a can.
upon a place of better note. For, in the Grants of | dle, if we conſider their thorow twilight, and the
Edward the Confeſſor, Totthill is call'd the Berwicws | truth of Fuvenal's expreflion :
of Weſtminſter, Wandleſworth the Berwicas of Parrick-
fey ; and a thouſand of the like. But, why all chis
pains? *Tis loſt labour if (as ſome maintain) the
Saxons calld it anciently Beopmica-pic, that is, the
Town of the Bernicians ; for that this part of the Coun-
try was CcalPd Bernicia we haye already noted, and
the thing is too well known to be here repeated.
But (whence erer it had its name) its ſituation car-
ries it a good way into the fea 3 ſo that that and
the Twede almoſt incircle it. Being ſeated berwixt
ewo mighty Kingdoms (as Pliny oblerves of Palmyra
in Syria) it has always been the firſt place chat both
Narions, in their wars, have had an eye on ; inſo-
much, that ever ſince Edward the firſt wrung it out
of the Scotch hands, the Engliſh have as often re-
taken it as the Scots have ventur'd to ſeize it. But,
if the Reader pleaſes, we will here give him a ſum.
mary abſtra& of ics Hiſtory. The oldeſt account I
71- thind of Berwick, is, that William King of Scots, being
caken priſoner by the Englſk, pawn'd it for his ran- |
|
Minima contentos noffe Brit annos.
Britains with ſhorteſt nights content.
Take, at parting, F. Fonſton's Verſes upon Berwick
Scotorum extremo ſub limite, Meta furoris
Saxonidum : gentis par utriuſque labor,
Mille vices rerum, que mille tt paſſa ruinas,
Mirum, qui potuit tot ſupereſſe mals.
Quin ſupereſt, quin extremis exbauſta ruins ;
Funere ſic crewit firmior uſque ſu :
Oppida ut exaquet jam munitiſjima. Cruis
Militis & cenſum, & muma Martis obit.
Poſt quam ſervitio duriſque eſt funta periclis,
Effert letitie ſigna ſerena ſue :
Et nunc ant iquo felix ſe jattat bonore,
Cum reddit Domino debita jura ſus :
Cujus ab Auſpiciis unita Britannia tandem
Excelſum tollit libera m aſtra caput.
ſom to our Henry the ſecond ; redeemable only with- | Bound of the Scorrsſh and the Eng/ijb Land, ;
in fach a time [ kk]. Whereupon, ſays the Polychro- | Where both their realms and both their laboucs end;
nmcon of Durbam, Henry immediately fortify'd ic with
a Caſtle. But Richard the firſt reſtor'd it to the Scots
upon their payment of the money. Afffcerwards
King fohn (as the Hiſtory of Metres reports) took
the Town and Caſile of Berwick, at the ſame time that
he burnt Werk, Roxburgh, Mitford, end Morpath, and
(with bus Rutars) waſted all Northumberland ; becauſe
the Barons of that county had done homage to Alexander
King of Scots at Feltun. A great many years after
this, when Jobn Baliol King of Scotland had broken
his Orh, Edward the firlt reduc'd Berwick in the
year of our Lord 1297. Burt foon after, the fortune
of war favouring the Scots, our men quitted it, and
they ſeiz'd it : but the Englilh forthwich had it fur-
After a thouſand turns of doubtful ſtate,
She yet outbraves the vain aflaults of Fate :
A happy Port in all her ſtorms hath found,
And itill roſe higher as ſhe touch'd the ground.
Surpaſs'd by none her ſtately forts appear,
Her fons at once inur'd to Trade and War.
Now all her ſtorms and all her fears are gone,
In her glad look returning joys are ſhown.
Now her old honours are at la{t reſtor'd,
Securely now ſhe ſerves her ancient Lord :
Bleſs'd with whoſe care united Bri: ain rears
Her lofcy head among the rival-ſtars.
It may not be amiſs to add here the account Tit
render'd to them again. Afterwards, in the looſe | which «near Sylvius or Pope Pius the ſecond (who þ ,.
reien of Edward the ſecond, Peter Spalding \urren- | came Legate into Scotland about the year 1448.) ©h'*
cer'd it to Robert Brus King of Scots, who warmly
beiieg'd it; and the Englitk vainly attempted its re.
covery, till (our Hetfor) Edward the third bravely
carry'd it in the year 1333. In the reign of Richard
the ſecond, ſome Scottiſh Moſs-troopers furpriz'd the
Caſtle, which, wichin nine days, was recover'd by
Henry Percie Earl of Northumberland. Within ſeven
years after this the Scots regain'd it ; but by pur:
chace, not by their valour. Whereupon the ſaid
Herry Percie ( being then Governour of the Town)
was azcus'd of High-treafon : but he alſo corrupted
t1;2 Scots with money, and fo got it again. A long
time alter chis, when England was almoſt ſpent in
civil wars, Henry the ſixth ( being already fled into
Sco:land ) deliver'd it up to the King of Scots, the
he were a Cbr1iſt ian or no «
gives of the borderers in this Country, in his litz writ-
cen by himſelf, ſince their manners ſtill continue che
lame.
. . . . - . T fo”
A certain * River, falling from a high mountam, parts a
- _ * A 4 "_— $
the two Kingdoms: over which Aneas ferry d; and wo!
" X _ . &
coming to a large willage about ſun-ſet, he alighted af %..
country-1an's houſe, where be ſup'd with the Curate of the
place and hu hoſt. The table was plentifully furniſh's
with pottaye, hens, and geeſe ; but nothing of either int
or bread appear'd. All the men and women of the town
flock'd in as to ſome frrange ſight: and, as our coun):
men uſe to admire the Fchiopians or Indians, /o #9%*
people ſtar'd art Xneas, arking the Curate, what connir)”
man he was ? what bu errand could be ? and, wha
i
But Eneas, being aware ©
i:t
Ce —_ mm RR
NORTH-HUMBE
ReL AND.
——S IE ot
855
— — —- —_
—— — — I ———_—_—_ —— a — >——
the ſcarcity be would meet with on this road, was «c-| its chief Magiſtrates were call'd Earls, whereof theſe
commodated by a Monaſtery with .@ rundlet of red wine following are ſuccef{ively reckon'd by our Hiſto-
and ſome loarves of bread. When theſe were brought to the | 114Nns, Oſulph, Oflac, Edulph, Waidesf the Elder, Uch-
table, they were more aftoniſh'd than before, having never | fred, Adulph, Alred, Siward, T:#lius, Edwin, Morcar,
ſeen either wine or white bread. Big-bellyd women, with and O/culph. Amongſt theſe. Srward waa perſon of
their busbands, came to the table ſide, and handling the | extraordinary valour ; who, as he liv'd, fo he choſe
bread and [mellmg to the wine, beg'd @ taſte: ſo that| tO dye in his Armour. Hs County of York W4aSFIUN |;
there was no avoiding the dealin of the whole among+it | '0 Toſtius, Brother ro Earl Harold ; and the Commties of es;
them. After they bad ſate at [upper till two hours with- Northampton and Huntingdon, with bis other Lands, be- + 1256+
” night, the Curate and the Landlord (with the children ffow'd on th: noble E.Waldeot bs fern «nd hear I have here
and all the men) left F.neas, and rub'd off in haſte. They | given you the very words oi Igu/phys,be-aufe there
ſaid, they were going to ſhelter themſelves in a certam| are ſome who deny that he was Earl of Hunt ing don.
tower, at a good diſtance, for fear of the Scots, who (at | To this let me allo add what I have met with on the
low water usd to croſs the river in the night, and fall a ſame ſubjeR, in an old Parchment 1 Manniſcripe] in
plundering. They would by no means be perſwaded to take the Library of Fobr Stow, a moit worthy Citizen,
Aneas along with them, though he very importunately en- and induſtrious Antiquary, of the Ciry of London.
treated them to do it. Nether carry d they off any of the | Copſi being made Earl of Northumberland by Wil::m
women, though ſeveral! of them, both wives and maids, the Conquerour, difpoſlel>'d O/: u!ph, who neverthe-
were V2ry hand/om . for th 'Y believe the enemy will not | leis, loon after flew him. Afterwards, O/jculph lum-
harm them ; not looking upon whoredom as any 1! tmp, ſeit was ſtabb'd by a Robber, and dy'd of the wound.
Thus AF neas was left alone (with only two Servants and 'Then Goſpatrick bought the County ot the Conque-
a Guide) amongſt a hundred women, who ſitting in a| rour, by whom he was alfo prelently diveſted of the
ring, with a fire mm the mid{le of 'em, ſpent the ninhe 1 Honour, and was ſucceeded by Waldeof the fon of
ſleepleſs, m dreſſing of bemp, and chatting with the Inter: | Stward. He loſt his head, and was fucceeded by
preter. hen the mght was well advanc'd, thry had a | Ilia 'cher Bithop of Durh:m, who (as well as his fuc-
vi mighty noiſe of dogs barking and geeſe gagling ; wheres | Celior Robert Comin) was lain in an infurre&tion of
upon the women: ſlipt off ſeveral ways, the guiderun away. | the Rabble | mm]. The title waz aft-rwa:ds con-
and all was in ſuch a confuſion as if the enemy had been | ter1*') on Robert Mowbroy, who deltroy'd him(elf þ
upon 'em. But F.neas thought it bu wifſeſt courſe to keep his own wicked Treaton '.. Then (as the Polychro-
cloſe in bus Bed-chamber (which was a Stable) and there | nicou of Durbam telis us) King Sterben mad? Henry,
to await the iſſue ; let, running out, and being unacqua#in- | ths on of David King of Scots, E ul of Nurtbum
red with the Country, he ſhould be robb'd by the firſ' man | berland : and his fon William (who was lf, tinſelf
he met. Preſently both the women and the guide return, | itterwards Ring of Scots) wrote himſelf #:/izm Je
acquainting them that all was well, and that they | ''*urren Earl ot Northumberland ; tor his mother was
were Friends ( and mo Enemies) that were ar-| of the family of the Earls of Warren, as appears by
wd [11 ].
There were in this Country certain petty Nations
= who were call'd © Sevenburgenſ/es and * Fifburging: ; but
:--z; fo dark is the account we have of 'em, that 1 a1 not
able to aſcertain the true place of their relidence,
.., nor tell you whether they were Danes or Englith.
'* Florence of Worce{cr ( pubiithd by the right honou-
rable the Lord Willkum Howard) frys, that whilſt the
Parliament ſate at Oxenford, Sigetzrcth and Morcar
che Book ol Brinkburn- Abbey, Within a few years
after, Richard the firſt fold this County to Hugb Pud-
/cy Biſhop of Durham, for life : but when thac King
was :mpriſon'd by the Emperour, in has return from the
Holy War, and Hugh advanc'd only two thouland pornds
| an ſilver towards his ranſom, the King took this ſlender Liv. Da-
| contribution ſo ul, ( knowing that under colour of this ran. =:
ſom he had rais'd vaſt ſums) that he depriv'd bim of the
At preſent that Honour is enjoy'd by the family of apvvre Oy
Lo. ft
genſes) were privately murder'd by EdiickStreona : | the Percies, who being deſcended from the Earls of "©
$810
2 This Province was firtt brought under the Saxon
\d yoke by Ofca, the brother of Heng:#, and his fon
mn Jebuſa 3 and was for fone times under the govern-
=. ment of Dukes, who were homagers to the Kings
of Kent. Afffcerwards, when the > png ot the
an, Bernicians (whom the Britains call Gu# a Brinaich,
that is, Mountainers) was erected, the bett part of it
lay between the Tees and the Scorriſh [or Edinburg |
Frich ; and this was ſubje&t to the Kings of Nor-
thumberland, When thele had finiſh'd their | fatal }]
period, all beyond Twede became part of Scotland ;
and Egbert King of the Eaſ#-Saxons had the ſurrender
of this County, an1 * annex'd it to his own Domi-
nions. Alfred afterwards * aflign'd it to the Daves ;
who, within a few years, were thrown out by
Athbelftane. Yet, even aiter this, the People made
a King of Eilric the Dane, who was forthwith ex-
pell'd by King Ealdred. Henceforward the name of
King was no more heard of in this Province 5 but
of France of the Carolize fiock) Foſceline younger ſon
| of Godjrey Duke of Brab2»t, who marry'd Agnes
| daughter and ſole heir of //illiam Percie. This 11t-
| l:am's great grandfather (call'd alſo 17am Percie)
| came into England with 1#7;am the Congquerour,who
| beſtow'd on him lands in Tatcaſter, Linton, Normanby
| and other places. This Agnes covenanted with 7 ofces
line, that he ſhould take upon him the name of Perce,
| but ſhould ſtill retain the ancient Arms of Brabant,
; which were, a Lion Azwe (chang'd afterwards by
' the Brabanters) in a Field Or. The firft of this f:-
mily that was made Earl of Northumberland, was
Henry Percie, the ſon of Mary daughter of Herry Earl
of Lancaſter. This Noble-man fignaliz'd his vaiour
in the wars under Edward the third, and was by
him rewarded with large Poſleflions in S-o:Jand. He
| was very much enrich'd by his fecond wife Matilda
| Lucy, who obligd him to bear the Arms of the Ly-
cies ; and by Richard the ſecond was created Earl of
| Northumberland. His behaviour was very ungrateful
— — —
em,
Stanford, and Derby. To theſe were atrerwards added the Cirics of York
cail'd Seofenburgen| er.
always imports Government and Power.
nicia ; whereas, in truth, this was a part of thr.
Tributary to him : bur Nerthumberland continued a Kingdom long
'- When he devis's4 ts drprive King William Rufus of his Royal Eſtate,
"NTECMNTO,
«& The Fitburgingi (or Fifburbingan, as the £2xoms call'd them) were the Daniſh Inhabitants of the five Towns of LriceFeor, Lincoln, Nottingham
e Tha Tiaefian Thagenas, lays the Chronicle. The Hiſtorian ſhould have given the word 2 more hononrable fo
nification than Miniftri ; for whatever the Saxon Thegn may tignihe, rhe
; f The Kingdom of Nor:vumberland 1s gre very erroncoutly made a part of the Kined an of Ber-
. Egber: <4 1 nd he
Saxan;, (c. to him. King £Z!frcd was under a neceility ot coming to Ferms with them : and fo be and they diviiied the Lind.
and Cheſter ; and then the fame people (and tor the Ike reaſon) were
1d Daniſh Diagn (which ought to have been known 2nd contzder'd here)
deed fo tar fubduec the Nortbromerians, thit their King Enared becamns
atrer that, » Juft as they athgn'd the King
La 2 - «7! " -
LOTT Co Liksw # $ ©
14d to adcance Stephen Earl of Albemarle, @ /911 72 24
. 4%
I:
s 4
_— —
—_
— —_— —OY'——O©— —_ — ————
—_—O”_——— <0 — -
= O_o.
"Moy Deere
ee eee eo err rr er eee
OTTADINIT
_— —— —
to this his great Benefactor ; for he deſerted him in | To him ſucceeded Henry Percie, the fifth Earl: from
his traits, and help'd Hewry the fourth to the Crown. | whom ( who was himſelf the fon of a Daughter
He had the Je of Man beſtow'd on him by this | and Co-heireſs of Robert Spenſer) and Eleanor, Daugh.
King **, againit whom he alſo rebzl1'd, being prick'd | ter and Co-heirels of Edmund Beaufor: Duke of $;-
in Conſcience at the unjult depoſing of King Richard, | merſet, delcznded Henry the ſixth Earl. He ( having
and vex'd at theclole continement of (the undoubted | no Children, and his brother Thomas being execu-
EEC NC ENNIS
Heir-of the Crown) Edmund Mortimer Earl of March, | ted tor rebelling againſt Henry the eighth in the be.
his kin{man **.
againſt him under the command of his brother 7ho-
[
Hereupon he fir!t {:nt ſome Forces |
| great part of his fair Eſtate , in Largetles upon the
ginning of the Reformation ) ſquander'd away a
mas Earl-of Worcejter, and his own torward fon Henry | King and others ; as if his Family had now been
firnamd #bor-fpur, who wee both ſlain in the battel | reduc'd to a tinal period. A tew years after , Joby
Dudley , Earl of Warwick , got the Title of Duke ,
at Shrewsbyry. Upon this he was attainted of High-
Treaſon ; but preſently receiv'd again into the ſ:em-
ing favour of the King, who indced ſtood in awe ol
him. He had alſo his eſtate and goods re{tor d him,
except only the [/le of Man, which the King took back | {-lves and their Abettors. This was that Duke 6f
into. his own hand. Yet, not long alter, the popular
and heady. man again proclaim'd war againſt the King
as an Ulurper,having cail'd inthe Scots to his afliſtance.
And now, leading on the Rebels in perſon , he was
ſurprizd by Thomas Rokesby , High-Sheritf of York
ſhire, at Barbam;-moor ; where, in a confuſed skirmiſh,
tiis Army was routed, and himfelt (lain , in the yea!
1498. Eleven years after, Henry the fifth ( by Act
of Parliament) reſtor'd the Honour to Henry Perce,
his Grandchild by his fon Henry 3/borſpurre 3 whole
mother was Elizabeth, the daughter of Edmund Mor- |
timer the elder, Earl of Arcb, by Philippa the daugh-
ter. of Lione/ Duke of Ciarece. This Earl ftoutly
eſpouſed che intere(t of Henry the fixch againſt the
Houle of rk, and was (lain in the Battel of St
Alzans. His lon Henry, the third Earl of Northum
berland ( who married Eleanor the daughter of R:-
chard Baron of Poynings, Brian and Fiz=Pame ) loit
his life in the ſame quarrel, at Tow:on , iQ the year
1461, When the Houſe of Lanca#ier, and ( with
it).the Family of the Percies, was now under a
cioud, King Edward the fourth created Fobn Newss,
Lard . Momacute , Earl of Northumberland : but he
quickly refign'd that Title, being made Marquils
Montacute. Atter which, Edward the fourth graci-
ouſly reſtor'd ( to his father's Honours) Hepry Percie,
ſon of the tore-mention'd Henry ; who, in the reign
ot Heary the ſeventh, was ſlain by a rabbl2 of the
Country People, in a Mutiny againit the Collectors
of a Tax imposd on them by Ad of Parliament.
| uy x ,
{Of Northumberland '3 ;;
' Edward the ſixth, the Ring-leaders of the ſeveral
| Factions ſhared the Titles of Honour among them.
| Northumberland, who tor ſome time (asa Whirlwind)
| troubled the Peace of his Native Countrey ; by cn-
| deavouring to exclude Mary and Elizabeth, tie
| Daughte:s of Henry the eighth , from their lawful
Right of Succefhon : deſigning ( by the counte-
nance of ſome Lawyers, inclinable enough to ſerve
Great men ) to have ſetcled the Crown on Fane
Grey, to whom he had married his fon. Hereupon,
being convicted of High Treaſon, he loſt his head;
and on the Scaffold openly own'd and profefs/d the
Popilh Religion, which (either in good earneſt, or
*ſ:emingly and *o ſerve a turn ) he had, for a good
while before, renouncd. Upon his death, Queen
Mary reſtor'd Thomas Percie , Nephew to Henry ,
the ſixth Earl, by his brother Thomas ; creating him
at firlt Baron Percie, and ( ſoon after, by a new Pa
Brother Henry and hs Heirs-male, But this Thomas
the ſeventh Earl, under pretence of reſtoring the
Romiſh Religion, rebelled againſt his Prince and
Countiy, and fo loſt both his Life and Honour in
the year 1572. Yet, by the ſpecial bounty of
Queen Elizabeth , his brother Henry ( according tg
' the Tenure of Queen Mary's Patent) ſucceeded him
as the eighth Earl, and dy'd in Priſon in the year
1585. He was ſucceeded by his ſon Herry,the ninth
Earl of Northumberland of this Family ; who was
alſo fon of Katharine, eldeſt Daughter, and one of the
Heirs of F. New Baron Latimer.
LE —_—
+ The account we have of his Speech, as to this particular, is, That he exh
Novelties, and to ariv” the Preachers out of the Nation ; and declared he #.
Relizion of his Fovefathers. Burnet.
it /g ai made him Conf? able of England. : Griev?
4/7 complaining, and charging him | Kings Henry ] w:th
weed the people to ſtand to the Religion of their Anceſtors 5, to veqe.? all
id temperiz'd againſt his Conſcience 3 and that he was alway; of the
.
*
4
.
*
Terjury, That wheiriad
the had ſolemnly ſworn to þ im and others, that he woulda nor challenge the Crown, but only h:s own Inheritance, and that King Richard ſhould /
worn d dAurivio bis Life by the good Advice of the Peers of the
re/.gu 4 Grown, aud ujurp'{ the ſame by the con:rurrence of hys f2c7:01 ;
Reaim ; be, ta *he contrary, had ( by impriſonment and terrour of death) entore'd {im 79
horribly muracring ths ſaid King, ani1 defrauding Elward Mortimer Ear!
v&* M ir h "H FIT law; "ul 1:0 bt fo tne Cro WH ; W017 1e ka 774 Td 1 70 languiſh long in priſen una Owen ( rendow r, reputing choſe Trayt:or: W'3
11th the,” 1wn money bad procur'd his enlargement. '2 By the name of
$#*# ..7
Jobu Earl of Warwick, AMarjbal of England, Viſcount Liſle, Baron Somery,
ns Tict, Lord of Daley, Grent Maſicr i114 Steward of 7i2e King 5 Hov/?.
ADDITIONS
—
when, in the Non-ape of ::
ce *
oo»
*
rent ) Earl of Northumberland , To him{clf and the &
Heirs-male of his Body; and for want of ſuch, tro by
NORTH-HUMBER-LAND.
_— - —o—_—— ——__———— — —_—— —— - _— - —— ——
— Oo > —
ADDITIONS to NORT H-HUMB ER-
L A N D.
bout Lothian in Scotland : and herein | Simondburn, four ſuch ſtand {till erected ; and a fifth
he is not contradicted by Buchanan, | lyes tall'n to the ground.
who never fails of doing it when he | [ g | Notwithſtanding the great encouragement
can have an opportunity. All agree they were P:&s; | which the Inſcription gives to the placing of Breme- Sremeniun)
and therefore, if they did inhabit ſome part of this | num at Rocheſter, I ſtill fancy Brampton 1n Gilleſland
County, it muſt have been beyond the Wall. Pol- | was the place; as our Author himſelf ſometime
fibly N.eate is the true reading. And then they are | thought Brampton in Northumberland to be. The
more probably placed by our Author near the Wall diſtance from this Brampton to Corbridge is as agree-
or Rampire. For Naidor Nawd, in the old Bri- | able as from Roche#ter : and 'cis gratis diffum ( and
tiſh, Hgnities a Defence or Security. And why may | ought to be well provd, before the weight of the
not the Tranſcribers of Dio (tor he is the only man | Objetion can be taken off ) that the words | id eff,
of Antiquicy that mentions theſe People) turn his | 4 vallo } are an Interpolation of the Tranſcri-
Neate into Meat ; as well as thols of Marcellinns | bers.
have made Attiyorts, Catacotti, and Catiti, out of his | [h] We may be allow'd to remark here, what a
Attacotti. | perſon of great honour and skill in our Engliſh
(b| Our Author obſerves , this Country was divi- | Antiquities has noted before , that the old Ballad of
ded into Baronies; and very good Baronies they | Chewy Chaſe ( Sir Philip Sydney's Delight ) has no o- Chevy:
were, according to the old and true import of the | ther foundation for its ſtory, ſave only the Battel of &&
word. For the Civilians detine a Barony to be Ae- | Otterburn. There was never any other Percy en-
mm mitlimque Imperium m aliquo Cattro, Oppidove, | gag d againſt a Douglaſ but this Henry : who was
concel/ione Princip:s., Alciat. Lib. de Sing. Cert. cap. 32. | indeed Heir to the Earl of Northumberland, but ne-
$:ch a Juriſdiction it was requiſite the Men of rank | ver liv'd to enjoy the Honour himſelf. Sir 7cbn Froy(-
ſhould have here on the Borders : and upon obtain- | fart (who liv'd at the time) gives the fulleſt account
ing the Grant, they were prop?rly Barones Regis & of this Battel ; but ſays 'twas Fail James Douglas
Regni. (See the ſignification of the word at large who was the Scotiſh General.
in dir Henry Spelman's Gloſs. voc. Baro.) All Lords of [ i | Rieſe, in the German Language , does fig-
Manours are alſo to this day legally nam'd Barons, in | nifie @ Gyant (as our Author obſerves.) Bur I doubt
the Call and Stile of cheir Courts, which are Curie whether our Saxons uſed the word : or, it they did,
Baronum,8C. {Selden's Titles of Honour, Part 2.cap 5.) | whether the name of this place imports any more
But long before King Edward the tirit's time , the | than its ſituation on a high and ri/mzg ground. Moſt
name of Barones Was chiefly apply'd to the Peers in | of the Villages in thele parts were anciently fo placed,
Parliament. Thus, in the tamous Conteſt about the | though alterwards the Inhabitants drew down into
Votes of Biſhops in Criminal Matters , in the reign the Valleys.
_
of Henry the ſecond, A. D. 1163. we have this deci- | [k] Chipches is now the Seat of Sir Fohn Heron Chipcls
lion of the Controverſie, Archiepiſcopi , Epiſcopi, &c. | Baronet, whoſe Anceſtors have for many and many
feut cxters Barones debent intereſſe judicias Curie Regus Generations been of eminent note in this C ounty.
cm Baronibus, quouſque perventat ur ad diminutionem 'Tis true, We mect with their name vario« fly ſpell'd
Meonbrorum wel ad mortem. Matth. Par. ( edit. atf ) in our Hiſtories and Records ; as Hairun , Heyrun,
p. 1:1, Many like Inſtances might be given. Heirun, &c. Amongſt whom I/lliam Heyrun was for
[c | Caer-worran may not improbably be Glanoven- eleven years together Sheriff of this Conty in the
's ; which Mr. Camden imagines to have been fome- | reign of Henry the third: And ſome of our Hiſto-
wiiere on WWentsbeck. For there is a place near it ries ſeem to hint that he was well enrich'd by the
which is ſtill calld Glen-welt. The diſtance from Preferment. The Family afterwards was branch'd
hence to IValwick will ſuit well enough with the Iti- , out into the Herons of Netherton, Meldon, &C.
nerary : and *tis not the firſt Elbow which Amo-| { 1] As to the ſtory of Ofwald, Bede inceed ſeems Ofwall
«ine has made in his Roads through this part of the to fay, the Battel was againſt Cedwall; but Matthew
Country. Thus, by ferching in Caitra Exploratorum, of Weſtminſter lays it was tought againit Pend3 King
ec makes it twenty four mites from Blatum Bulgium of the Mercians, who was at that time General of
to lupuvallum: Whereas, the common Road, 'tis on- Cadwalline's Forces. And the ſtory of ſetting up the
'y ten very ſhort ones. Banner of che Chrittian Faith, muſt be underitood
[4] Bede's Account of the Roman Wall ( Eccl. to he in Bernicioram Gente, as Bede lays in the place
Hilt.l 5.c. 10. ) is very likely, fair and true. For | cited,if it have any truth in it : For Chriſtianity was,
in foe places on the Walts, where there has not | fome years betore, planted in the Kingdom of Nor-
been any extraordinary Fortifications , ſeveral frag- | rhumberland by Paulinus ; and a Church was builc
mznts come near that height , and none exceed it, | at Jrk by King Edwm , Ofwald's Predeceſſor. But
His breadth allo (at eight toot) is accurate enough : | (when all's done) this remark 1s not in the Saxon
For, whereever you meaſure it now, you will always Paraphrcaſe of Bedes Hiſtory : fo thae we have reaion
tind it above ſeven. co look upon it as a ſpurious Corruption. It does in-
'e] O!l-town ſrems more likely to be the 4/one of deed contradict the account which himſelt elſe-
Antoninus ( in the Liber Notitiarum, Alone ) than a- where gives of Paulinus's baptizing great numbers in
ny other place which has hicherto been thought theſe very parts z which ſurely was Fidei Chriſtiane
on. It anſwers beſt the diltances both from Ga- |/iznum. ( See the Note on Yeverim. ) Nor was
lina and Galacum ; and many Roman Antiquities, | Heawenfield the place where the Battel was fought ,
which have been found there , ſtrengthen the con- | and (as is here aſſerted) the Victory obtain'd : tor
i2ture. The name of the river allo, whereon *tis | hat was done at another place in the neighbourhood,
leated, argues as ſtrongly for this place as I/et- Alon | which Bede calls Demiſes b:rna ; and which our Au-
can 2o for Whitley. chor ( as we ſhall ſze anon ) takes to be Dion, The
f] The huge heaps of {nall Cobbles are no: | Writer of Oſwald's Life, 'tis true , ſuppoſes this to
the only Monuments which theſe Walts afford. There | have been the Scene of the Action ; tho' Bede ſays
2r2 allo large {tones erected at ſeveral places, in re- | only that here was the Croſs erected, and here (at-
membrance ( as is fancied ) of ſo many battels or | terwards) the Chapel built. |
Skirmithes ; either anciently betwixt che Britams and {m] 'Tisno wonder to find a deal of Poets (and
Picts, or (of later times ) betwixt the Engliſh and a great deal they are) that hays written in the praiſe
Po
i
Umphrey Lhuyd places theſe People a- | Scots. Particularly, near Ninwick, in the Pariſh of
— —
as, id ward. FIR
ww
Oo SN, AY SOR ARAB ee EIS as + ee AIRES ICAL 7. 4 48 GECKO A PAR IEA My 7 es
i OW - SEATER LO Ar > WS Do vt A Ie: Bn Ie Fm to
<— ><
- OW > W714 > 4 PRE. = 1 00 0 SEAN EE nr te 1. ne. he
—_ CC — DD > ns. 4. 4)
OD - — ——— > 94
_ .
Ps.
9 WC "Sher nraonmne wh one io oe Doe ee EAI © wine eee ET II"
PRREIFY
_ nv
. . — —_
Urn eo were ener nee re A oe aL ID a0 on err eng
m—
nn 11079 Rgroyry b " en
Was VOPR VEIN + AY Ot ARE es OH eo Hr ERA >> er ue Ye. x
a” *, 3%, Ay So tre,”
OTTADINIT
——_— —_ —O— —
tree eee ee erg tr er ere IO RS
ro this his great Benefactor ; for he deſerted him 1n | To him ſucceedzd Henry Percie, the fifth Earl: from
his ſtraits, and help'd Herry the fourth to the Crown. | whom ( who was himſelf the fon of a Daughter
He had the Ie of Man beſtow'd on him by this | and Co-heireſs of Robert Spenſer) and Eleanor, Daugh.
King **, againit whom he alſo reb<ll'd, being prick'd | ter and Co-heirels of Edmund Beaufors Duke of Sc.
in Conſcience at the unjuit depoſing of King Richard, | mer/et, deſcended Henry the ſixth Earl. He ( having
and vex'd at theclole continement of (the undoubted {no Children, and his brother Thomas being Cxecu-
Heir of the Crown) Edmund Mortimer Earl of March, | ted for rebelling againſt Henry the eighth in the be.
his kin{man **. Hereupon he firlt {:nt ſome Forces | ginning of the Reformation) ſquander'd away a
againſt him under the command of his brother 75o- | great part of his fair Eſtate , in Largetles upon the
mas Earl-of Worceſter, and his own torward fon Henry | King and others ; as if his Fami'y had now been
firnamd #6oi-fpur, who wee both lain in the bartel | reduc'd to a final period, A tew years after , John
at Shrewsbury. Upon this he was attainted of High- | Dudley , Earl of Warwick, got the Title of Duke ,
Treaſon ; but preſently receiv'd again into the ſ:em- | of Northumberland 2; when, in the Non-age of :;..
ing favour of the King, who indeed (ſtood in awe of | Edward the fixth, the Ring-leaders of the ſeveral
him. He had alſo his eſtate and goods re{tor'd him, | Factions ſhared the Titles of Honour among then.
Except only the [/e of Man, which the King took back | {-Ives and their Abettors. This was that Duke of
into his own hand. Yet, not long after, the popular | Northumberland, who tor ſome time (asa Whirlwind)
and heady man again proclaim'd war againſt the King | troubled the Peace of his Native Countrey ; by en-
as an Ulurper,having call'd inthe Scots to his athitance. ; deavouring to exclude Mary and Elizabeth, tie
And now, leading on the Rebels in perſon , he was | Daughte:s of Henry the eighth , from their lawful
ſlurpriz.d by Thomas Rokesby , High-Sheriff of York | Right of Succeſhon : deſigning ( by the counte-
ſhire, at Barhan;-moor 5 where, ina confuſed skirmiſh, | nance of ſome Lawyers, inclinable enough to ſerve
tis Army was routed, and himſelf flain , in the year | Great men ) to have ſettled the Crown on Fane
1408. Eleven years aſter, Henry the fifth ( by Act| Grey, to whom he had married his ſon. Hereupon,
of Parliament) reſtor'd tie Honour to Henry Percze, | being convicted of High Treaſon, he loſt his head;
his Grandchild by his ſon Henry Hborſpurre 5 whoſe | and on the $Scattold openly own'd and profef'd the
mother was Elizabeth,. the daughter of Edmund Mor- | Popilh Religion, which (either in good earnzſt, or
timer the elder,Earl of March, by Philippa the daugh- | * ſzemingly and ro ſerve a turn ) he had, for a good
ter, of [one] Duke of Clarence. This Earl ftoutly | while before, renouncd. Upon his death , Queen
eſpouſed the intereſt of Henry the ſixth againſt the | Mary reſtor'd Thomas Percie , Nephew to Henry ,
Houle of Zork, and was {lain in the Battel of St | che ſixth Earl, by his brother Thomas ; creating him
Albans. His lon Henry, the third Earl of Nor:hum | at firlt Baron Percie, and ( ſoon after, by a new Pa
berland ( who married Eleanor the daughter of Ri- | rent ) Earl of Northumberland , To himſelf and the *
chard Baron of Poynmgs, Brian and Firz=Pazne ) lot | Heirs-male of his Body; and for want of ſuch, to by ©
his life in the fame quarrel, at Towion, ina the year Brother Henry and hw Heirs-male. But this Thomas
146z., When the Houſe of Lanca#ter, and ( with | the ſeventh Earl, under pretence of reſtoring the
it), the Family of the Percies, was now under a | Romiſh Religion, rebelled againſt his Prince and
cioud, King Edward the fourth created Fobn Newis, | Country, and fo loſt both his Life and Honour in
Lord Momacute , Earl of Northumberland : but he | the year 1572. Yet, by the ſpecial bounty cf
quickly refign'd that Title, being made Marquiſs | Queen Elzaberh , his brother Henry ( according tg
Montacute. After which, Edward the fourth graci- | the Tenure of Queen Mary's Patent) ſucceeded him
ouſly reſtor'd ( to his fathers Honours) Henry Percie, | as the eighth Earl, and dy'd in Priſon in the year
ſon of the fore-mention'd Henry ; who, in the reign | 1585. He was ſucceeded by his fon Henry,the ninth
of Heary the ſeventh, was ſlain by a rahbl2 of che | Earl of Northumberland of this Family ; who was
Country People, in a Mutiny againſt the Collectors | alſo fon of Katharine, eldeſt Daughter, and one of the
of 3 Tax imposd on them by. At of Parliament. ) Heirs of F. Newil Baron Latimer.
—
[1 The 4CCIUNT we have of his Eeech, as to this [11 1cular, Is, That he exhorted 'be people r0 ſtand fo the Religion of their Anceſtors * fo reje? PV,
Novelties, and to ariv? the Preachers out of the Nation ; and declared he had temperit'd againſt his Conſcience 5 and that he was alway: 0 ti;
Relitin: of his Forefathers. Burnet.
JW /g ail male him Conſtable of England. i: Grievou/y complaining, and charging him | Kinz Henry ] with Terjury, That wierind
he had (lemmily ſworn to him and others, that he would nor challenge the Crown, but only his ewn Inheritance, and that king Richard ſbould bs $0
wer d daringr bis life by the good Advice of the Peers of the Reaim ; be, to the contrary, had ( by 1mpriſoument aud terrour of aeath) entore a 1m 79
re.au 4 Grown, and ujurp'd the ſame by the con:urrence of hs fattion; horribly muracring the [aid King, ant defraud, ng Elward Mortimer Ea!
2 Varch of /:s lawful right to the Crown ; whom ve hat [ut 4 to languiſh long in priſen under Owen Glendowr, reputins rhoſe Traytors w10
1 1i-h their own money had procur'd his enlargement. '2 Ry the name of John, Earl of Warwick, Narjhal of England, Viſcount Liſle, Baron Son»),
Bait and Vict, Lord of Dudley, Great Maſter ana Steward of the King s Het ?,
ADDITION
NORTH-HUMBER-LAND.
—c — - -—
ADDITIONS to NORT H-HUMB ER-
L A N D.
Umphrey Lhuyd places theſe People a- | Scots. Particularly, near Ninwick, in the Pariſh of
bout Lothian in Scotland : and herein | Siwmondburn, tour fuch ſtand (till erected ; and a fifth
he is not contradicted by Buchanan, | lyes fall'n to the ground.
who never fails of doing it when he| [ g | Notwithitanding the great encouragement
can have an opportunity. All agree they were Ps; | which the Inſcription gives to the placing of Breme- Sremeniun)
and therefore, it they did inhabit fome part of this | 1:um at Rocheſter, I (till fancy Brampton in Gilefland
County, it muſt have been beyond the Wall. Pol- | was the place; as our Author himſelf ſomerime
ſibly N.eate is the true reading. And then they are | thought Brampton in Northumberland to be. The
more probably placed by our Author near the Wall | diſtance from this Brampron to Corbridge is as agree-
or Rampire. For Nai4or Nawd, in the old Bri- | able as from Roche#ter : and *tis gratis diffum ( and
tiſh, ſignities a Defence or Security. And why may | ought to be well prov'd, b:fore the weight of the
not the Tranſcribers of Dzo (tor he is the only man | Objetion can be taken off ) that the words | id ef,
of Antiquicy that mentions theſe People) turn his, 4 valo |) are an Interpolation of the Tranſcri-
Neat into Meate ; as well as thoſe of Marcellinns | bers.
hare made Atrigorti, Catacotti, and Catiti, out of his | [h] We may be allow'd to remark here, what a
Attacotth. | perſon of great honour and s$kill in our Engliſh
([b | Our Author obſerves , this Country was divi- | Antiquities has noted before , that the old Ballad of
ded into Baronies ; and very good Baronies they | Chevy Chaſe ( Sir Philip Sydney's Delight ) has no o- Chcvs:
were, according to the old and true import of the ther foundation for irs ſtory, fave only the Battel of ©
word. For the Civilians detine a Barony to be Me- | Ottervurn. There was never any other Percy en-
rm mitlimque Imperium m aliquo Cattro, Oppidove, | gag d againſt a Douglaff but this Henry : who was
concelſrone Princip:s. Alciat. Lib. de Sing. Cert. cap. 32. | indeed Heir to the Earl of Northumberland, but ne-
S:ch a Juriſdiction it was requiſite the Men of rank | ver liv'd to enjoy the Honour himſelf. Sir 7cbn Froy(-
ſhould have here on the Borders : and upon obtain- | ſar: (who liv'd at the time) gives the fulle!t account
ing the Grant, they were prop2ily Barones Regis & of this Battel ; but ſays 'rwas Earl James Douglas
Regni. (See the ſignification of the word at large who was the Scotiſh General.
in dir Henry Spelman's Gl. vor. Baro.) All Lords ot | [i | Rieſe, in the German Language , does fig-
Manours are alſo to this day legally nam'd Barons, in | nifie a Gyant (as our Author obſerves.) But 1 doubt
the Call and Stile of their Courts, which are Curie | whether our Saxons uſed the word : or, it they did,
Baronum,8C. { Selden's Titles of Honour, Part 2.Cap 5.) whether the name of this place imports any more
Bur long before King Edward the firſt's time , the | than ics ſituation on a high and ri/ivg ground. Moſt
name of Barones was chiefly apply'd to the Peers in | of the Villages in theſe parts were anciently fo placed,
Parliament. Thus, in the tamous Conteſt about the | though afterwards the Inhabitants drew down iato
Votes of Biſhops in Criminal Matters , in the reign the Valleys.
of Henry the ſecond, A. D. 1163. we have this deci- | [k] Chipches 15 now the Seat of Sir Fohn Heron Clip-litt
lion of the Controverſie, Archrepiſcops , Epiſcopi, &c. | Baronet, whoſe Anceſtors have for many and many
ficut exter; Barones debent intereſſe judicia Curie Regs Generations been of eminent note in this County.
cm Baronibus, quouſque perveniatur ad diminutionem | "Tis true, we meet with their name variouſly fpell'd
Men:brorum wel ad mortem. Math. Par. ( edit. Watfi ) 1n our Hiſtories and Records ; as Hairun , Heyrun,
p. 1:1, Many likes Inſtances might be given. Heirun, 8c. Amongſt whom I/illiam Heyrun was for
[C | Caer-worran may not improbably be Glanoven- eleven years together Sheriff of this Co:nty in the
's ; which Mr. Camden imagines to have been fome- | reign of Henry the third: And ſome of our Hiſto-
wiiere on IWentsbeck. For there is a place near it Tries ſeem to hint that he was well enrich'd by the
which is {till callq Glen-welt. The diſtance from Preferment. The Family afterwards was branch'd
bene to JValwick will fuit well enough with the Iti- , out into the Herons of Netherton, Meldon, &C.
nerary : and tis not the firſt Elbow which Arnto-| { 1 ] As to the ſtory of Ofwald, Bede incleed ſeems Ofwall,
«ine has made in his Roads through this part of the to ſay, the Battel was againſt Cedwall; but Matthew
Country. Thus, by ferching in Caitra Exploratorum, Of Weſtminſter lays it was fought againit Pendz King
\e makes it ewenty four miles from Blatum Bulgium of the Mercians, who was at that time General of
to lupuvallum: whereas, the common Road, 'tis on- Cadwalline's Forces. And the ſtory of ſetting up the
'y en very ſhort ones. Banner of che Chriitian Faith, muſt be underftood
by Bede's Account of the Roman Wall ( Eccl. | to be in Bernicioram Gente, as Bede lays in the place
Hilt.l 5. c. 10. ) is very likely, fair and erue. For | cited,jf it have any truth in it : For Chriſtianity was,
in fome places on the Waſts, where there has not | fome years before, planted in the Kingdom of Nor-
been any excraordinary Fortifications , ſeveral ftrag- | thumberland by Paulinus ; and a Church was buile
m=nts come near that height , and none exceed it. | at Jork by King Edwin, Oſwald's Predeceſſor. But
i{i> breadth alſo (at eight toot) is accurate enough : | (when all's done) this remark is not in the Saxon
For, whereever you meaſure it now, you will always | Paraphraſe of Bede's Hiſtory : fo that we have realon
tind it akove ſeven. co look upon it as a ſpurious Corruption. It does in-
2] O!Ltown ſcems more likely to be the 4lone of deed contradict the account which himſelt elfe-
Antoninus ( in the Liber Notutiarum, Alone ) than a- where gives of Paulinas's baptizing great numbers in
ny other place which has hicherco been thought theſe very 'parts ; which ſurely was Fidei Chriſtiane
on. It anſwers beſt the diltances both from Ga- |/iz9um. ( See the Note on Teverim. ) Nor was
{ina and Galacum ; and many Roman Antiquities , | Heawenfield the place where the Battel was fought ,
which have been found there , ſtrengthen the con- | and (as is here aſlerted) the Victory obtain'd : tor
j2ture. The name of the river allo , whereon 'tis | hat was done at another place in the neighbourhood,
leated, argues as ſtrongly for this place as I/e/t-Alon | which Bede Calls Deniſes burna ; and which our Au-
can do for I#bitley. chor ( as we ſhall ſze anon ) takes to be Dion. The
'f] The huge heaps of ſmall Cobbles are no: | Writer of Oſwald's Life, 'tis true, ſuppoſes this to
the only Monuments which theſe Walts afford. There | have been the Scene of the Action ; tho* Bede ſays
re allo large ſtones ereted at ſeveral places, 1n re- only that here was the Croſs erected, and kere (at.
membrance ( as is fancied ) of ſo many battels or | terwards/ the Chapel built,
kirmithes ; either anciently betwixt the Britams and {m}] 'Tisno wonder to find a Ceca] of Poets (and
Pits, or (of later times ) berwixt the Engliſh and a great deal they are) that hays written in the praiſe
N
——
— G—m——— CCC—II—_ Vn - ro ee > + os —e—_—_
_— —— - oe
OTTH4
a —s —— —
—
D I N I.
of S. Oſwald. His ifttr6duding '&f Chriſtianity was
not the thing that raisd his credit ( for ſo much
Kinp £298 had done before him) but his chief
ſtock of Merit conſiſted in his bringing in Monkery
along with it. *Twas this that gave him fo conſide-
rable a figure amongſt the men of the Cloyſter, and
advanc'd him to a like honour with what his 'name-
Gke-Saint of ork attain'd to afterwards.
[n] The Prior's account of the place is much ful-
I&r than our Author has thought fit here to give it.
Heis very particular in his deſcription of the Church's
Fabrick, in its Walls, Roof, Cieling, Stairs, Pillars, c.
and (at laſt) concludes, That no ſuch Ftately firutture
Was, at that time, to be met with on thu fide the Alpes.
Which latter part of ics Character is alſo confirm'd
by Wil. of Malmesb. de GeFt. Pontif. lib. 3. Prior Rz-
chard informs us alſo at large, what Immunities and
Privileges were granted by our Saxon Kings to this
Church ; how well they were ſecur'd to her; how
far the bounds of her Frid#o! or Sanctuary extend-
ed, &c. All which the Reader may ſee in his Hi#.
lib. 1. cap. 3, & 5. & lib. 2. cap. 3. & 14-
ſo] All the Latin Copies of Bede.that I have ſeen,
ſay ,Oſwad's vitory was in locoqui lingud Anglorum Deni-
fes burna wvocatur. And the SaxonCopies of King El
fred's Paraphraſe have demrrer, dempcex and venrrer
bunna. The Saxon Chronicle has not recorded this
ſtory. Sir Francis Ratcliff Baronet, (the preſent Pro-
prietor of the place)is now Baron of Dilton, Vilcount
Layglcy, and Earl of Derwent-water (not in Yorkſhire,as
a late Writer of the ſtate of England alerts, bat) in
Cumberland.
[p ] Though King Fob» could meet with no
Corbridge. Dilcoveries at Corbridge, there was a conſiderable
one accidentally made here about four years ago.
The bank of a ſmall Torrent being worn by ſome
ſudden ſhowers, the Skeleton of a Man appear'd, of
a very extraordinary and prodigious ſize. The
length of its chigh-bone was within a very little of
ewo yards ; the skull, teeth, and other parts propor-
tionably monſtrous. So thar, by a fair computation,
the true length of the whole body has been rec-
kon'd at feven yards. Some parts of it are ſtil]
in the poſſeflion of the right honourable the Earl
of Derwent-water at Dilton ; but his Lordſhip ha-
Ying, had no notice of the thing till *twas (in a great
meaſure) ſquander'd and loſt by the unthinking dif
coverers, the Rarity is not ſo compleat, as who-
ever ſees the remains of it, will heartily wiſh ic
were. The like bones are reported to have been
Cepeuly diſcover'd on the the ſhore near Alnmouth
in this County ; all of 'em at a greater depth in the
_ ground than they can well be imagin'd ever to have
been buried.
[q ] From Newcaſtle down to a little within the
Bar of Tinmouth (which is a ſand that lies croſs the
river's mouth, not above 7 foot deep at low water)
the chanel is good and ſecure : but there you meet
with a deal of Rocks, which they call the Black
Midgins, very dangerous. To prevent much of the
miſchief which mighe happen among theſe in the
night-time, there are two Light-houſes maintain'd by
che Trinity-houſe in Newcaſtle ; near which was
buile Clford's Fort in the year 1672. which effe-
Rually commands all Veſlels that enter the Ri-
Ver.
[r] There are in this Town, beſides St. Nicholas's
(the Parochial or Mother-Church) fix other Chur-
ches or Chapels, whereof one was rebuilt at the
publick charge of the Corporation, A. D. 1682. and
endow'd with ſixty pounds per ammam, whereof thir-
ty is for the maintenance of a Catechetical LeRu-
rer, who is to expound the Catechiſm of the Church
of England every Sunday, and to preach a Sermon
every firſt Wedneſday in the month. Twenty
pony are aflign'd to a Schoolmaſter, and ten to an
ſher, who are.to prepare the Children of the Pariſh
for the ſaid Le&ure. Beſides which, the Town pays
yearly 580 1. towards the maintenance of their Vi.
+: and thoſe LeQurers and Curates that are under
| Mansfield and Baron
[s] Both jts Wealth and Commerce are wonder.
fully encreas'd ſince Camden's time. The Coal-trade
is incredible ; and for other Merchandice, Newca#l:
is the great Emporium of the- northern parts of Ex.
gland, and of a good ſhare of Scorland. The publick
Revenue is alſo wonderfully advanc'd of late years :
for which the Town is in a great meaſure indebted
to the provident care and good management of its
two great Patriots Sir Wiliam Blacker Baronet, and
Timothy Daviſon Eſquire, Aldermen.
[c) At Fenbam, a lictle village in the* pariſh of
Newcaſtle, there are now ſome Coal-pits on fire,
which have burn'd for ſeveral years. The flames of
this ſubterraneous fire are viſible by night ; and in
the day-time the track of it may be eaſily follow'd
by aq Brimſtone which lies on the ſurface of the
arth.
Newcaftle has afforded the title of Earl to Lodowick
Stewart, ( Duke of Lennox, and Earl of Richmond)
created in May 1604. Bur in the year 1627. this
title was conterr'd upon Wiliam Cavendiſh, Viſcount
ke, who was atterwards, in
1643. created Marquiſs of Newca#He, and the year
following Duke of Newcaſtle. In 1676. he was fſuc-
ceeded by his fon Hermry Cavendiſh. Burt of late the
righe honourable Fobn Holles Earl of Clare was crea-
red Duke of this place by his preſent Majeſty.
by our Hiſtorians in the reign of King F-bn: but,
before his time, in the reign of en. 2. and after it,
under Hen. 3. By all the accounts we have of 'em,
it appears they were mercenary German Troops,
Now, in the High-Dutch, Rorr (whence our Engliſh
Rout) is a Company of Soldiers ; Rotten or Rortiren,
to muſter ; RortmesFfer, a Corporal, &c. Fhat from
hence we are to fetch the true original of the word,
we are ſufficiently taught by Wil. Neubrigen/is, who
liv'd and wrote his Hiſtory in the times of theſe Ru-
tars. Rex, lays he, Hipendiarias Brabantionum copias,
quas Rutas wocam, accerſfoit, lib. 2. e. 27 Dr. Wats is
therefore miſtaken, who (in his Gloſſary) derives
the name from the German Rewter, a Trooper or
Horſeman.
[uu] The Town of Morpeth, together with Glles-
land, &c. came by Elizabeth, filter and coheir of
George the laſt Lord Dacre, to ( her husband ) the Lord
William Howard of Neworth, third fon to the Duke
of Norfolk, whoſe grandſon Charles, was, ſoon aftec
the Reſtauration of Charles the ſecond, created Ear!
of Carliſle, and Viſcount Morperh. Which Honours
were inherited by his fon Edward, and are now en-
joy'd by the moſt accompliſh'd young Nobleman
his grandſon Charles, the third Earl of Carliſle of this
Family.
[w_}] At the famous Synod ( mention'd by our T:-
Author) S. Cuthbert is faid to have been choſen Bi-
ſhop. By the account that Bede (and eſpecially his
Royal Paraphraſt) gives of the matter, it looks more
like a Parliament than a Synod ; for the Ele&tion is
reported to have been mis anmosne gepafrunge ealpa
Þxpa pizena. Now picena, inthe Language of choſe
times, ſignifies Senators or Parliament-men ; who, it
ſeems, unanimouſly choſe him Biſhop. Bed. Eccl. H:/e.
L. 4. c. 28. The meeting is indeed {aid to have been
on the river Alze. And yet I vefy much doubt whe-
ther this Twiford be in Northumberland ; and whether
Archbiſhop Theodore ever came fo far north. There
are a great many Tw:fords in the ſouth of Englend.
The Legend of S. Cuthbert ( p. 17.) lays, this Synod
was held at Twiford upon Sl.
[x] There never was any Covent or Monaſtery ai:
founded at Alnwick,or near it, by Fohn Veſcie. There
was indeed a Monaſtery of the Order of the Pre-
monFratenſes founded by Euftachins Fitz,-Fobn Father
of William de Veſcie; who had that ſirname from his
Mother an Heireſs. But this was done in the year
1147. long before the Carmelites were heard of in.
England. Fobn Bale (who was ſometime a Carme-
lite himſelf) cells us, the firſt Covent of that Order
was founded at Holm (Hull they now call it) near A-
wick by Ralph Fre:burn, a Northumberland Gent !e-
man, who dy'd A.D. 1274. and was buried in this
; Co-
'u] The Ratariz or Ruptarii are not only mention'd Ritz
tal
Wi
l
WT Chi
g,
)
NORTH-HUMBER-LAND.
874
6
of Brampton , 'tis the place he once pitch'd upon
* uſually Wooler. *Tis a little inconſiderable Market-
: may Py conjecture
Covent. See Bale de Script. Brit. Cent. 4-c. 1. and F.
Pitz. 6d Amn. 1274. 'Tis a wonder how our Anthor
came to miſtake thus 3 fince he uſes ſome of Bale's
very words, and muſt doubtleſs have read his account.
Euitachixs's Abbey is ſtill ro be ſeen at half a mile's
diſtance from the Covent of Hull, down the river.
[y] Within the Circuit of the old Caftle of Dur-
faburge grew lately 240. Wincheſter Buſhels of Corn,
beſides ſeveral Cart-loads of Hay. *Tis now famous
for Dunſtaburgb-Diamonds, a fort of fine Spar, which
ſeems to rival that of St. Vincent's Rock near Bri-
ol.
7 [z] I do not think Bede himſelf ever gave out that
Etymology about Bebba. No mention of it in the Sax-
on. But *tis there call'd cynelican bypig, 1. e. a Royal
Manſion ; and 'tis alſo ſaid that it was miſerably wa-
ſted by Penda, the Pagan King of the Mercians ; who
had certainly burnt it, had not the Prayers of Biſhop
into Terkſbire ; than to bring Anlef thus far down
into Northumberland. |
buile by Biſhop Egfid, or Egred, as ſome call him
who was a mighty BenefaQtor to the See of Lindufarn.
The Church was dedicated to St. Peter, St. Cuthbert,
and St. Ceolwulph, the religious King of Northumber-
land ; who was the firſt of our Princes that had the
Gallantry to retire from a Throne to a Monaſtery.
His Body was alſo depoſited here by the ſame Biſhop ;
and the Monks of the following Age took care to
bring in the Country round to pay their Devotion
(and Tribute) to their Royal Brother ; who always
oblig'd his viſitants with ſome kind Miracle ar other.
Vide Sim. Dunelm. Hiſt. Eccl. |. 2. c. 5. Et Rog. Hove-
den. ad Amn. 764. In the year 1121. the Caſtle was
buile by Biſhop Ralph ; for the better ſecurity of this
part of his Dioceſe againſt che frequent Incurſions of
Aidan bappily interpos'd. Bede hb. 3. capp. 12. &* 16.|
Ic was afterwards totally ruin'd and plunder'd by the
Danes, A. D. 933. Yet, as ruinous as it now is, the |
Lord of the Manour (Wiliam Forſter Eſq;) ſtill holds
here, in a corner of it, his Courts of Leer and Baron. |
Florence of Worceſter ſeems to me to have been the firſt |
contriver of the ſtory of Queen Bebba. See Sir H.'
the Scotiſh Moſs-Troopers.
[hh] Berwick is now much out-done , in ſtrength
and regular fortifications, by Portſmouth, Hull," Ply-
mouth, and ſome other Forts in England; and is chiet-
ly ſtrong in the preſent Union of the two King-
oms.
[ii] This word is variouſly written in old Records;
8g |] The Town and Church of Norham were both Norham;
Spelman's Gloſl. in Beria. After Mowbray's flight men- | Berewica, Berwicha, Berwichus , Berewich , Berewita, B<1ewica-
tion'd by our Author, and his being taken at Tin- |
mouth, the Caſtle of Bamborough was ſtoutly main: |
tain'd by Morel, his Steward and Kinſman ; till the
Earl himſelf was, by the King's order, brought with-
in view of the Fort, and threatned with che having |
his eyes put out, in caſe the beſieged held out any
longer. Whereupon , it was immediately ſurren-
der'd ; and Morel, for his bravery, receir'd into the
King's Court and Favour. See the Saxon. Chron. ad
Ann. 1095,
[aa] The Improvements in Tillage at Rock by Fobn
Selkeld Elq; and in Gardening and Fruitery at Falla-
don by Samuel Salkeld Gent. (both in the Pariſh of
Emildon) ought here to be mention'd; as Fineries
hardly to be equall'd on the North-ſide of Tyne. The
latter is the more obſervable, becauſe an eminent Au-
thor of this Age will hardly allow any good Peaches,
Plumbs, Pears, &C. to be expeted beyond Northamp-
tonſhire ; whereas Fruit is produc'd here in as great
variety and perfeRion as moſt places in the South.
[bb] The ſtudy of School-Divinity was mightily
in faſhion about Scoraw's time, and eſpecially in the
Univerfity of Oxford, where the petulant humours of
the Dominicans put the Students upon all ſorts of
wrangling. Hence this place has afforded more men
of eminence in that way than (perhaps) all the other
Univerſities of Ewrope : and theſe have marſhall'd
themſelves under the glorious Epithets of Subrilis ,
Profundus, Irrefragabils, SC.
[cc] As pitiful a Hamlet as Mr.Camden here makes
for the Bremenium of the Ancients ; and fo the word
is ſtill render'd in the ÞÞdices of his lateſt Editions.
It has alſo been of good note, in our time, for one
of the prettieſt Houſes in this part of the County,
the Seat of George Collingwood Eſq; a branch of the
Houſe of Eſlington.
[dd] In the Hall, at Chilingham-Caftle, there is a
-piece with a hollow in the middle of it ;
wherein ('tis ſaid) there was found a live Toad, at
the ſawing of the Stone. The other parr of it is alſo
ſtill to be ſeen (with the like mark upon it , and put
to the ſame uſe) at Horton-Caſt le.
[ee] What our Author names Wollover , they call
town, with a thatch'd Church, and ſome other
marks of the Poverty of the Inhabitants. The ad-
yrancages of a late Brief, upon a Fire that here hap- | p
pen'd, may poflibly raiſe it fairer out of its preſent
Aſhes.
* From a paſſage in Florence of Waorce#fter, one
OH] 5 that ——_— ws _
our Hiſtorians, but Ingulphes, call it) mult have beet
ſome-where nearer the . Tho', perhaps, ic
will be more difficule to carry the great Conſt anrine of
Scorland, and the lictle King of Cumberland , ſo high
and Berwita, Of all which ſee Inſtances in Sir H.
Spelman's Gloſſary. It may be, the moſt ſuitable de-
rivation of it ( for our preſent purpoſe ) is what
Fr. Tate has given us in his MS. Expoſition of the
hard words in Doomſday-Book. Berewica, fays he,
is a Corn-Farm. The Etymology agrees with the
plenty of grain about the Town of Berwick. '
[kk) By the account that M. Pars gives of the
Conditions whereon the King of Scots was releas'd,
it does not appear that the Town of Berwick was re-
deemable ; but abſolutely furreader'd and made over.
Pro bac autem corventione & fine, ſays he, firmiter ob-
ſervando, dedit Rex Scotorum Regi Anglorum, & Suc-
ceſſoribus ſuis Caſtella de Berwicke , & de Rokesburc wn
perpetuum poſſidenda.
[11) Whatever roughneſs Mr. Camden might fancy
he ſaw in the Manners of the People of Northumber-
land, 'tis certain that the Deſcription which «fneas
Silvias gives of them is not their due at this day.Their
Tables are as well ſtock'd as ever with Hens and
Geeſe ; and they have alſo plenty of good bread and
beer. Strangers and Travellers are no novelties to
them ; the Roads betwixt Edinburgh and Newcaſtle
being as much frequented by ſuch ( of all Nations )
as almoſt any others in the Kingdom. A Rowndlet
of Red-wine 1s a greater rarity in a Country-man's
houſe in Middleſex, than on the borders of Northum-
berland ; where you ſhall more commonly meet with,
great ſtore of good Claret, than in the Villages of
any other County in England. That Wine is not
the conſtant drink of the Country ought no more
to be remark'd as a thing extraordinary , than that
Yorkſbire- Ale is not common in Iraly. The Country-
Keeper is able to inform you that the Moſs-Trooping
Trade is now very much laid aſide ; and that afmall
Sum will recompence all the Robberies thac are year-
ly committed in this County ; where mens perſons
are as ſafe, and their goods as ſecure, as in the moſt
civiliz'd Kingdoms of Exrope. Whoredom is reckon'd
as ſcandalous a vice here as elſewhere ; and it were
our happineſs if, in the Southern parts of the King-
dom, it were as little faſhionable. In a word ; the
Gentry of Northumberland are generally perſons of
addreſs and breeding, and preſervers of the true old
Engliſh Hoſpitality in their Houſes : And the Peaſants
are as knowing a people, and as courteous to ſtran-
gers, as a man ſhall readily meet with in any other
art.
[mm] Biſhop Falcher was a moſt vile oppreſſour
and ſcandalous worldling. He bought the Earldom
of Northumberland, and reſolv'd to make the people
pay for it. But, at laſt , being wearied with daily
extortion, and reduc'd almoſt to beggary, they una-
nimouſly fell upon him, and flew him, at a County-
Court ; which he uſed always to attend himſelf in
perſon, the better to ſecure the Fees and other Per-
p * Tit quiſites.
"m eh |
D 1 N I.
qQuiſites, (And, at that time, theſe were conſidera-
ble ; ſince the Sheriffs of Northumberland never ac-
counted to the King, before the third of Edward the
ſixth.) Their Foreman gave the word ; which moſt
of our old Hiſtorians have thought worth the record-
ing to poſterity,
Short red, good red, flea ye the Biſhop.
Continuation of the E AR LS.
The laſt Earl that Mr. Camden mentions, was a great
Patron of Learmed men, eſpecially Mathematicians,
with whom he kept a conſtant tamiliari
More rare Plants growing wild in Northumberland,
Chamzpericlymenum Pork. Ger. Periclymenum hy.
mile C. B. parvum Prutenicum Cluſii F. B, Dwarf
Honey-ſuckle. On the Weſt-fide of the North-end of the
bigbeſt of Cheviet-hills in great plenty.
Echium marinum B.P. Sea-Bugloſſe. At Scrammer.
ſton-mill between the Salt-pans and Barwick, on the Sea.
baich, about a mile and a half from Barwick.
Lyſimachia filiquoſa glabra minor latifolia. 73,
and cor- |
'
leſſer ſmooth-broad-leav/d codded Willow-herb, On Chewing.
bills by the Springs and Rivulets of water.
Pyrola Alfines flore Europza C.B.Park. Herbatrien-
reſpondence. Soon after the diſcovery of the Pow- | talis F.B. Winter-green with Chick-weed flowers, On the
der-Plot, he was committed Priſoner to the Tower :
upon ſuſpicion of his being privy to that part which
his kinſman Tho. Percie had in the Conſpiracy. He
was ſucceeded by his ſon Algernon 3 whole fon Foce-
line ( the laſt Earl of this Family ) dy'd at Twrm,
A. D. 1670. leaving only one daughter, Elizabeth ,
the preſent Dutcheſs of Somerſer. Upon his death the
Honour was given by King Charles the ſecond to his
own natural Son George Fitz-Rey, who is now Duke
of Northumberland.
| other ſide the Pitts-wall frve miles beyond Hexham North.
| wards. And among the Heath upon the moiſt Mountains
not far from Harbottle weſtward.
Rhaphanus ruſticanus Ger. Park. C. B. ſylveſtris fi-
ve Armoracia multis F. B, Horſe-radiſh. We obſerr/4
it about Alnwick and elſeu:here in thu County,in the ditch.
es and by the water-ſides, growing in great plenty.
Eryngium vulgare F. B. vulgare & Camerarii C. B.
mediterraneum Ger. mediterraneum ſeu campeſtre
Park. Common Eryngo of the Midland. On the ſhore
' call d Friar-gooſe near New-caſt le upon Tyne.
SCOTLAND,
SCOTLAND
IRELAN D.
AND THE
BRITISH ISLANDS.
T HE
GENERAL HEADS
Scotland, J reland, and the Jflands
SCOTLAND, 591i] IRELAND, 961
Its Diviſion 885 The Britiſh Oceaa 96t
Its Degrees 891 The Government of Ireland, 973
Its Courts of Juſtice, zb:d. The Courts 973
The Diviſion 973
Teifidale 893
Gadeni, 893 3 Merch 893 { Kerry 975
Lauden 895 Deſmond 977
Voidizx 979
Annandale 907 | Munifter, 975 5 Cork 97
Seſgove, 995 Nidiſdale 907 : | Waterford 9 8
Limerick 963
Galloway 909 1 Tipperary 983
Carrit 911
Novantes, 909 Kyle 911 i Birgantes 985
Cunningham 913 Kilkenny 985
Glotta 913 Caterlogh 987
Queens County 987
Cluydeſdale 915| Leinſter, 985 ) Kings County 989
Dannii, 915 JLennox 917 Kildar 989
Sterling 919 Weisford 991
|-Cauci 991
"Fife 927 | Dublin 99}
929
931 Eaſt-Meth 997
_
.
931 Weſt-Meth 997
933 Longford 999
Braidalbin 933
Perth-ſhire 935| | Twomond /” 100
-] Angus 937 | , | Gallway 1001
Caledonia » 9255 Merais 939 Maio T ©0}3
Marr 939| Conaght, 999 2 Slego 1 005
Buquhan 941 Letrim ICC5
Murray 943 Roſcoman 1005
__ 945 {Lords of Conaght, 1007
Role
945
Sutherland — 7 "Louth 1007
Cathnes 947 Cavon 10cy
Strath-navern 947 Fermanagh 1009
Th 6 Wal aca... ogy LOIT
& ROMAN Vail, 957 rmagh L011
@lfter, 1007 | 1013
Antrim 1015
Colran 1017
| Tir-Ocn 1019
CL
Tir-Conel 1019
The Rebellion of the O-Neal's 1023
The Manners of the Iriſh 1041
The ſmaller Iſlands in the Britiſh Ocean, 1049
The Annals of Ireland. —
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SCOTLAND:
OW I am bound for Scotland, whither I go with a willing mind ; but
ſhall with gentle touches lightly paſs it over. Not forgetting that Minus
notis minus du infiſtendum, The leſs we know things, the leſs we are
go inſift upon them ; and that advice of the Grecian, =&- # «xegrur is, Be not
roo buſie, where thou art not acquainted. For it would certainly be impudent
to treat copiouſly, where our notices have been but little. But ſince this too is ho-
nour d with the name of Britain, may I have liberty, with due reſpe& to the Scot-
tiſh Nation, in purſuance of my bold deſign of illuſtrating Britain, to proſecute my
undertaking with their good leave; and drawing aſide (as it were) the Curtains
of obſure Antiquity, to point out, according to my ability, ue places of ancient
note and memory. 1 aſſure my ſelf of a certain pardon. both from the good na-
i | ture of the people themſelves, and the extraordinary happineſs of theſe times, when
by a divine providence, that is fallen into our hands, which we hardly ever hsped
for, and our Anceftors ſo often and ſo earneſtly wiſhed to ſee ; that is, that Britain,
ſo m«ny Ages divided in it ſelf, and anſociable, ſhould all in. general like one uni-
form City, under one moſt Auguſt Monarch, the founder of an eternal peace, be
conjoyned in one entire body. Who being ou the propitious goodneſs of AL
mighty God, elefed, born, and preſerved to the good of both Nations, as he
is a Prince of ſingular wiſdom, and fatherly affefion to all his ſubjefs, doth fo cut
off all occaſions of fear, hope, revenge, and complaint ; that the fatal Diſcord,
Ewphich hath ſo long engaged theſe Nations (otherwiſe invincible) inmutual Wars, is
ftifled and ſuppreſſed for ever ; and Concord. rejoyces exceedingly, as it were,
keeps Holiday, and Triumphs ; becauſe, as the Poet fangs,
Jam cunt: Gens una ſumus.
Now all one Nation, we're united faſt.
To which we anſwer by way of Chorus.
— Et ſ{imus in ayum. |
And may that union for ever laft.
But before I enter Scotland, T think it not amiſs to advertiſe the Reader
thus much before-hand, that I leave the firft Original of the Scottiſh Nation, and
the Etymology of their Name (baniſhing all conjeftures of others, 'which as well
in former Ages as theſe our days, owe their birth either to haſty credulity, or care-
leſs negligence) to be diſcuſſed by their own Hiſtorians, and the Learned of that
Nation. And following the ſame method I took in England, I ſhall premiſe
ſomething in ſhort touching the diviſion of Scotland, the Statcs of the King-
dom, and the Courts of Juſtice ; and then briefly touch upon the Situation
and Commodities of every ſeveral County ; which are the Places of moſt Note,
what Families are moſt eminent, and have flouriſhed with the title and ho-
nour of Earls and Barons of Parliament, ſo far forth as by reading and enquiry
I cou'd poſſibly procure information ; and that cautiouſly, taking all imaginable
care, by an ingenuous and ſincere regard for truth, not to give the leaft offence
to the moſt malicious ; and by ſo compendions a brevity, as not to prevent the cu-
rious diligence of thoſe, who may poſſibly attempt this with a fuller firoke, and
finiſh the ſame with more lively and lafting colours.
K kk Addi-
FCO TL 4 N D.
loſs in the affairs of Scerland, and for that rea-
ſon has but touch'd very lightly upon each
part of it; it will be ſo much the more necel-
{ary to continue our method through this Kingdom ;
and add ſuch things as ſeem proper -and agreeable to
the deſizn. Eſpecially, being encourag'd and afliſted
herein by the Informations of the very learned Sir
Robert Sibbald, Dr. of Phyſick, who has given ſufhci-
ent teſtimonies to the world, of his knowledge of
Antiquities, and particularly thofe of his own Country.
As Albion was the firſt and moſt ancient name that
we rncet with of Great Britain, in the old Greek
and Latin Authors; fo was Albania, of that northern
art that lay beyond the Humber and Deva, The
pos” have deliver various reaſons why it ſhould
be fo call'd ; but the moſt probable of them is, from
the ancient Inhabitants calling themſelves A!barich,
who likewiſe term'd their Country Albm; and their
poſterity, the High-landers, do ſtill retain the name in
a part of their Country call'd Braid. Albin.
The Country which now makes the Kingdom a
Scotland, is contain'd in leſs bounds, being divided
from England by the water of Tweed to Carhoory ; | Holland, and Norwey. Bar ;
and their Oats are extreme good, affording bread of
a clean and wholeſome naurybment. In the Low-
| ory they have ſtore of Peaſe and Beans, which
then by Keddon=burn, Haddon-rigg , Black-down-bill,
Morſla-bill, Battinbuſs-hill, to the. riſings of the rivers
Keal and Ted 1, after by Kerſop-burw, Liderwater, Esk,
to the Tod-holls, the Marchdike, ro White-ſack and Sel
loway-frith. On the weſt, it hath the 1riſh-Sea; on
the north the Dencaledonian ; and on the eaft the Ger.
man Ocean. On all which fdes, bordering upon the
Sea, it hath ſeveral Iſles belonging to it,
From the Mule of Galloway in the fouth, to Dung --
bay-bead in the eaſt-point of Cathweſs in the north, it
is about 250 miles long ; and betwixt Buchan-ne/s on
the eaſt ſea, and Ar namurchan-point on the welt, |
150 miles broad. The moſt ſoutherly pare of it, a. |
bout Whitern, is 54 degrees, 54 min: in Latitude ;
and in Longitude, 15 degrees, 40 min, 'The nor-
thermolt part, the above-mentioned Dungsbay-bead, 15
58 degrees, 32, (fome ſay 30.) min. in Latitude,
and 17 degrees, 5o minutes in Longitude. The
longeſt day is about 18 hours and two minutes; and |
the ſhorteſt night 5 hours and 45 minutes. .
It was not without reaſon, that Cafar ſaid of Bri.
tain, Celum Gallice temperatixs ;, for even in Scotland
the air is more mild and temperatethan in the Con-
tinent under the ſame Climate, by reaſon of the
Additions concerning SCO T LAND in general.
that of England, is not near fo good.
ly more fit for paſture, and for that purpole is very
| well watered. Where the ſurface is leaneſt, there
are found Metals,and Minerak;and conſiderablequan-
ties of Lead are exported yearly : there is alſo good
Copper, but they will not be at the pains to work
it. Bur in much of the in-land Country, efpecially
where it lyeth upon ſome of the Fri:bs, the foil is
V .
chat is uſual in the South parts of Britain. The
Wheat is frequently exported y Merchants to Spain,
o
for Tertullian's wor
loca, Chriſto wers ſubdita, muft be underſtood of the 11
north part of the Iſland, poſleited by the Scors, and
\INCE our Author has profef*d hitnſelf at a | dom. Theſe hills, eſpecially upon the skirts of the
Country, breed abundance of Cows, which not or.
ly afford ſtore of butter and cheeſe to the Inhabj.
tants, but likewiſe conſiderable profit by the vente of
their Iides and tallow, and the great numbers thar
are fold in England, when there is no Prohibition,
Their ſize (as alſo that of their ſheep ) is but ſmall ;
but the meat of both'of an exceeding fine taſte, and*
very nourthhing. The High-Lands {ford great Flocks
of Goats,, with ſtore of Deer ; and are clear'd from
IWakves. The whole Country has good ſtore and va-
riety of fowl, both tame and wild.
The quality of the foil, compared in general with q,.;
and there all forts of grain grows,
grows plenrifully ;
or the ſtrength of their. ſeeding are much! uſed by
the Labouring people. In the $kirts of the Country,
which are not ſo fit for Grain, there grow great woods
of Timber to a vaſt bigneſs, efpeci
which are found to thrive beſt in ftony grounds.
ally Pirr-irees,
Springs of Mineral-waters, (which the peopte find
uſeful in ſeveral diſcaſes) are -common enough. No
Country 1s better provided with Fiſhes. Beſides,
flocks of fmaller Whales, the Porpe/s, and the Meer-
{wine, frequently caſt in ; great Whales of the Bales
or Whale-bone kind, and of the Sperma Ceri kind, are
calt now and then upon ſeveral parts of the ſhore.
Befides the grain and other commodities already
named, the Merchants export alablaſter, linnen and
woollen cloath, treezes, plaids, plaiding, ſtuff, ſtock.
ings,malt and meal, skins of Rabbers, Hares, &<. fiſhes,
' eggs, oker, marble, coal, and ſalt.
The Chriſtian Rog was Very early planted here;
s Brit anmorum macceſſa Roman "i
warm-vapours from the fea upon all fides, and the | ſeparated by a wall from that part which was ſi.
continual breezes of the wind from thence : the heat
jet to the Romans. The Religion of the Kingdom
in Summer is no way. ſcorching, The conſtant winds | eſtabliſhe by Law, is that-which is contain*d in the
purife the air and keep it always in motion; fo that
*tis ſeldom any Epidemick difeaſe rages here.
fo The nature ofthe Country is. hilly and -moun-
* tainous, there 9, 0708 few plains, and they of no
reat extent. Tholſethey have, are generally by the
Univerfities, St. Andrews, Glafp
Confeſſion of Faith, authoriz'd in the fuſt Parliament
of King James 6. and defined in' the 19th Article of
the ſaid Confeſſcon, to be That which is contained in
the written word of God,
For the promotion of Learning they have four 1
» Aberdeen, and |"
ſenſibly, the farther in the Country the higher ; fo | Edenburgb ; wherein are Profeiſors of moſt of the
ea-ſide, and from thence the begins to s|
that the greateſt hills are in the middle of the Kiwg- | Liberal Arts, endowed with competent Salaries.
15 COMMon-» the «
* 1t is divid
SCOTLAND.
LL the Northern part of the Iſland of Bri-
tain was antiently inhabited by the Pics,
who were divided into two Nations, the
Dicalidonis and Ve&uriones, of whom I have
already out of Ammianus Marceltinus. But
ſpoken
when the Scots had gotten poſleflionof this Tra, it
was ſhar*d into ſeven parts, -amongſt ſeven Princes,
as we have it in a little antient Book Of rhe Diviſion of
Scotland, in theſe words :
The firſt part contained Ezegws and Maern.
The ſecond, Atheodl and Govern.
The third, Stradeern with Meneted.
The fourth was Forthever.
The fifth, Mar with Bucher.
The ſoxth, Auref and Ro.
The ſeventh, Cazbnef, which Mound, a Mountain,
divides in the mid{t, running along from the
Weltern to the Eaſtern Sea.
After that, the ſame Author reports from the Rela-
tion of Andrew Biſhop of Cathnefs, that the whole
Kingdom was divided likewiſe into ſeven Territories.
The firſt from Fryth, fo termed by the Britains,
by the Romans Horid, now Scortwade, to the
River Tae.
The ſecond, from Hilef, as the Sea ſurrounds it,
to a Mountain in the North-eaſt part of Sterling,
named Athran.
The third, from Hilef to Dee.
The fourth, from Dee to-the River Spe.
The fifth from Spe to the Mountain Brunalbay,
The ſixth, Mures and Rof.
The ſeventh, the Kingdom of Argathel, as it were
the border of the Scots, who were ſo called
from Gathelgas their Captain.
With reipe to the * manners and ways of living,
into the High-land-men and Low-land-men.
Theſe are more civilized, and uſe the language and
habit of the Engliſh; the other more rude Si bathe.
rous, and uſe that of the Iriſh, as I have already men-
' tioned, and ſhall diſcourſe hereafter. Out of this di-
viſion Iexclude the Borderers,becauſe they,by the bleſ-
ſed and happy Union,enjoying the Sun-ſbine of peace
on every fide, are to be lookt upon as living in the
very midſt of the Britiſh Empire; and begin (bei
with,
ſuthciently tir'd with war) to grow acquaint
and to have an inclination for peace.
With reſpe&t to the ſituation of the places, the
whole Kingdom is again divided into two parts, the
Southern, on this ſide the river Tay, and the Northern,
on the other ſide the River Tay ; beſides a great ma-
. ny Iflands lying round about. In the Southern part,
theſe Countries are moſt remarkable :
Teifidale. Galloway. Stirling.
Merch, Carrick, Fife.
Lauden. Kyle. Strathern,
Liddeſdale, Cunningham. Menteith.
Eskdale. rran, Argile.
Annandale, Cluydeſdale. Cantire.
Niddeſdale. Lennox. Loryn.
The Diviſion of
L A N D:
In the North part are reckoned theſe Counties:
ushar. Buquhan.
Braidalbin. Murray.
Perth. Rof*.
Athol. Sutherland.
Angus, Cathbneſs.
Aern, Strathnavery,
Marr.
Theſe are ſubdivided again with reſpe& to the Ci-
- Government into Sheriffdoms, Stewarties, and Bai-
35,
ſEdenburgh. Perth.
Linlyrhquo. Clackmannan
Selkirk. . Kimrofs.
Roxburgh. Fiffe.
Peebls. Kincardin
Berwick, Forfar.
b _— Lanerick. Aberdene
riffdoms 4 Renfrew. Banff.
are, ; Dumfres. ond
[19 0Nn, Forres.
Aire, Narne.
| Bure. Innerneſs.
Argyle and Cromartie,
Tarbet, Orknay, and
LDunbarton Shetland.
Kile. Cunningham
Bailerics, 3 Carrick by
Conſtablery. ' Haddington.
As for the adminiſtration of Church-affairs z as the
reſt of the Biſhops of the World had no certain Die-
ceſes, before ius Biſhop of Rome, about the
ear 268, ſet out diſtin& Dioceſe: for them ; ſo the
of Scotland exerciſed their Epiſcopal Fun-
Rions indifferently wherever they were, till the Reign
of Malcolm the third, that is, about the year of our
Redemption, xo70. At which time, the Dioceſes
were confined within their bounds and limics. After-
wards, in of time, this Hierarchy was eſta-
bliſhed in - There are two i
of St. Andrews, and Glaſco; the firſt is accounted
Primate of all Scotland, and hath under his juriſdiction
« eight Buhopricks :
Dunkel. Brechen.
Aberdeen: Roſs.
Murray. Cathneſs.
Dumblane. Orkney.
Under the Archbiſhop of Glaſco there are only
three;
Galloway. The Iſtes.
Liſmore and
C——— w—_—
« Dugadale in his Liſt of che ſhires makes them 33. reckoning the Stewarty of Kirkudbright 2s one; as alſo Hedington, Roſs,Sterhing, Cathmeſ:,
and Sutherland; kaving out Forres, icckon'd as one heie.
made the number ne.
6 This contains the Eaſt part of Galow
#7 6 The addicion of Edinbdwgh
Kkk 5 Additions
m =" . _ — ——
SCOTLAND.
ADDITIONS.
he Diviſions of this Kingdorn obſerv'd þ S
+#2S apt ry there are four others, | The particular Shires, with their extent, ar& as follows:
takefi from the Rivers, the Mountams, the | :
ry Soil, and the ancient Inbabi- Edenburgh ? TſMidlothian.
DIM. quality of the Soz/, and the wa [4 | ——= 207 7 PRES
r. The Rivers divide it by three 1/hmuws*s into fo Peebles T weedale.
many Peninlula's ; one to the ſouth, one in the _ = ; _ LIL. Ed.
dle, and _ to the __ The _ ray on dale, and Euſdale
ſide running far into the Country, are hinder , cn '
mecting bs ſmall trad of ground ; and if that were _— 5es _ and org
removed, they would make three Iſlands of that which 43. Kyle, Carri, and Cuni Y-
is now the Canton or gage - _— X | | _ and Cuning.
The firſt Peninſula is to the fouth, divi rom .
England by the river of Tweed, and where it faileth, _—_— © rg of Renfrew.
by a line drawn to Selloway-Firtb, which entereth far "009 Rs F momce-r egy
up into the adjacent countrey ; and towards the | Burg | The WroſBus and Arran
north, ſrom the reſt of the continent by the Firrb, and ; As” Town: ,
river of Forth, and a ſhort line over land to Clide, | mmerara | on a b: c nd
by which and its Firth it is ſeparated from the north- | | ifes, Lag Jura, Mut
welt part, and the reſt of the continent. This com- | WyRt, T erif” Coll. Lif.
prehendeth the Eros C_ M Gy had | pi a9, , ,
dales Forreſ#, and Etterick, Amnnanaale, and Nut hiſaa wo
En Les Mid: Lothian, and Weſt-Lothian, Lauder. 4-408 wr gy _
dale, Tweedzale, Stirlingſhire, Renfrew, Cliddiſdale, Cun- Saba wake Athol _ Y,
ningbam, Kyle, and Carrift, Galloway, which con- | Glenſhee Serattardill
taineth the Stewartry of Kircudbright, and Shire of | Braid All —wntaarty
Wigton. _ : ?
"The middle Peninſula hath to the ſouth, the Firth | | Siriveling we oo eto run ht
and river of Forth, and the line betwixt it and the | es of Eo
river and Firth of Clide; to the weſt and eaſt, the Linkiehows Weſt.Lothiar,
ocean ; and to the north, it is ſeparated from the OT That of Fife Ivine be.
reſt of the continent of Scotland, by the Locb and wa- _ 5 amy Lod li ns —
ter of Locbly, and a line through a ſhort neck of land the Ochill hills __
to the riſe of Loch Neſſe; and then by the Loch and S | Clac | A ſmall of Fife Ivi
river of Neſs to where that River runneth into the | v | on ous of Fort =
bo OLA TE Coats," Keefer 3] [5] cotta
Clackmannanſhire, Menteith, Lennox, ra. ax ny Can- 2 1c &-F; The reſt of Fiſe © the eaſt
tyre, Perthſhire, Angus, Mernes, Aber re, Bamf- jan —_— 6 of Lochleven,
ſhire, all Badenoth, part of Lochaber, and much of the F, Swab Þ tho
Shire of Inverneſs. irfar = lo by —_ -—
The northern Peninſula hath to the ſouth the _. OGEY
Loch and water of Lechly, and a ſhort line from thence | Kinky d; TE. Ml pp
to Lochneſs and the water of Neſs; tothe welt, north, _ - 29 058 :
and eaſt, it hath the Ocean; and containeth theſe ew B; GC) = _— a
Counties; Roſs, Sutherland, Strathnavern, and Cath» | Muik _— DEE {out wa
neſs, and that part of Lochaber, and Inverneſs-ſhire, q ow b Cat p M ao
that lyeth to the north of the Lock, and water of | rs he ! ons hon -#
"mn as enter Danes | < Buchan, mak, .5
. It isdivi >
bain-halls, which _ through it from the weſt to the | 14 ng _
eaſt, riſing near Dumbaxon, and running tothetown | | » anff
Bogie-Land.
of Aberdeen, into the ſouth and north parts ; though A ſmall part of Buchan,
| Ser "*y
this diviſion is not ſo equal as the former. a, DN _— _
3- By the quality of the ſoil, into the Highlands and Balvenie.
Low-lands, For the le who affected paſture and _ The Eaſt part of Murray.
hunting berook elves always to the hulls, as moſt at The Weſt part of Murray.
proper for them, and were of old called Briganes, Iruerneſs
Scoto-Brigames, and Horefti, 3ps5mmi, that is, Nigh-
Badenoch, Lochabir, and
landers and Braemen as they are called to this day. | Cromartie
the ſouth part of Ros.
A ſmall part of Rofs, lying
And theſe, who gave themſelves to the culture of the on the ſouth ſide of Cro-
lands, and affeted more of a civil life, betook them martie-Frith.
to the low grounds, towards the ſea, and were called Tayn The reſt of Roſs, with the
of old Pit; and Meate, Vetturiones, and Peabts : and | Ifles of Sky, Lewis, and
by ſome of the Roman writers Caledonii, while theſe | | | Herris,
that did inhabite the mountains were called Dicaleds. \ Dornoch Sutherland and Strathna-
»es, and as ſome read it Duncaledones. By others of | vern.
the Romans the word Caledonia comprehendeth the | | ike 3 LUCathnef.
Country poſſeſſed by both.
4. Ir was divided into the two Kingdoms of the | Beſide the Srewartries mentioned by onr Anthor,
Scors and Pits. The Scots were poſſeſſed of all the | there is that of Orkney, which contains all the Iſles
Weltern-Ifles, and the skirts of the Country towards of Orkney and Zetland.
the welt : che Pics had all that lay upon the Ger-| The Conſtabularie of Hadington,containsEsſt- Lothian.
man Ocean. 'The Romans breaking in upon them, | To purſue Mr. Camden's method in his general
ain'd a large tra, that contain'd all the ground Deſcription of England, it will be neceſſary to give
ween- the two W!ls; which they ereted into a | a ſcheme of the bounds and extent of the ſeveral Dio-
Province called Valem ia. | ceſes of this kingdom.
I St. A ndrews
a—— MCI, na. «
on
|
| Gloſs |
|
|
1
15
[5
| The ſhires of Elgi
i Partof Perthſhire, and part
of Angus and Mernes.
The ſhires of Dunbarton,
Ranfrew, Air, Lanerick,
of the ſhires of Rox-
» Dumtfreis, Pee-
bles, and Selkirk.
Serivelingſhire, Berwick.
SES
(#) on
of Lauderdale. ix
The ms part of MY,
part Oo Angus, paſt
of Weſt-Lothian.
Moſt part of Bamf-ſhire,
and part of Mernis.
, Nairn,
and part Inverneb
and Bamf-ſhice.
Part of Angus, and Merni®'
Part of Perth, and Strive-
ling-ſhires. '
The ſhire of Tain, Cro-
=—_ ——_—
Cathne]] CathneE and Sutherland.
| Orkney | All the Northern Iſles of
: | Orkney and Zetland.
|| Galowy '| | The ſhire of Wigron, the
7 Stewartrie of Kircud-
| {| bright, the Regaliry of
| | Glentrurie, and part of
| 4 Argile 11, re, and | Pr<8de
[ | bes ich
[L The [les + i Moſt of the welt Iſles.
Under this Conſtitution, the Government was
thus. x. In every Pariſh the cognizance of ſome | can
ſcandals "r Seſſion (aJudicature compos'd | alſo
of the and worthieſt perſons in each pariſh)
where Mille pred e he 2, But if the
Caſe prov'd too intricate, w-” AH Eun -
byterie icature, a certain
arts, CE between 123 and 20, who met
4
nam'd
i
by the
tni The Aft
- and beſides the cenſures they
oderator herein was
twas by t = paige
Plemedy examined.
= Presbyteries 2 are theſe that follow:
. Stranraver, Merng.
L Atre. Aberdeen,
= Irwing. Kinkardsn.
P, Alfoord.
. arton, Garegsch,
Melroſs, Glaſgow. Deir.
bar. Hamilton Tarref.
ngt Lanerick. Fordyce,
th. Biggar. Ellen,
Edinburgh. Dumnnune, Stratbbogie,
_— £ inloch, Averzethie.
mlithgow nerary. Elpzn.
Ps K 19a RE,
Dunkeld. Shy. Aberlower,
Pres ag St. Andrews, Chamrie,
treveling Kirkaldy. T:
Dumblane, = Cowper, — — Dingwel.
Dumfres. Dumfermelin, Dornoch,
—_—_— Meegle. Week.
Loc ane. Dundse. Thur(o;
Midlebie, Arbroth. Kirkwal,
W; pt on. Forf7 ar. AY; alow .
Kircudbright. Brichen. Colmkill,
A Above this was the Provincia>Synod, who met
—_ ——— and had the examina-
om ern way bg od arm
ded ex officio,
EE the Convocation of mp Feat ay
to call it, wherein the Archbiſhop of St. Andrews
preſided.” And beſides _—_— arc pang for the
caſes of Teftaments, &c. had or Commiſ-
» who was judge of that Court within the Dioceſe.
theſe, Edenburgh had four, the reſt one.
But ſince ie has been introduced, the
overnment ſtands thus :
- They allo have their Parochial Minit = with
this difference, char hou
SY ve hoy S Ky or rear
X*| Afemby, without a conſtant head ; for every
make choice of a hew Mode-
| rator. Their Go Aſſembly ; this conſiſts of ewo
hy:
« fri and
oner from each Univerſ Hh
_ reral Diviſions of Scotland.
As to the Or ay ptr Degrees of this Kingdom, there
00 in them ſince our 9a
if an one deſires to have a more
SCOTLAND.
Thanes,
The Par.
liamcar.
*Deleg att.
The Col.
lege ot Ju-
ſtice.
H E Government of the Scots, as that of
the Engliſh, conſiſts of a King, Nobility,
and Commonalty, ;
The King, (to uſe the words of their
own Records) is, direttns torius Domini: Dominus,, d1-
re&t Lord of the whole Dominion or Domain; and
hath Royal Authority and JuriſdiQton over all the
States of his Kingdom, as well Eccleſiaſtick, as
Laick. Next to the King is his Eldeſt Son, who is
ſtiled Prince of Scotland, and by a peculiar right 1s
Duke of Rothſay, and Steward of Scotland, Bur the
reſt of the King's Children are called ſimply Prizces.
Amongſt the Noebles, the greateſt and moſt hono.
rable were in old times, the Thanes, that is, ( if I
have any judgment) thoſe who were ennobled only
by the office which they bore; for the word in the
antient Saxon ſignifies, The King's Miniſter, Of thele,
they of the higher rank were called Ab-thanes, of the
lower, 'Under-7banes, But theis Names by little and
lictle grew out of uſe, ever ſince King Malcolm the 3.
conferred the Titles of Earls and Barons, ( borrow*d
out of England from the Normans) upon ſuch No-
The Degrees of
SCOTLAND.
blemen as had deſerv'd them. Since when, in pro-
taken up, and Scotland, as well as England, hath
Dukes, Marquiſſes, Earls, Viſcounts, and Barons, As jk,
for the ticle of Duke, the firſt that brought it into wi,
Scotland was Robert the Third, about the year of our
Lord 1409; as the honourable titles of Afarquiſs and
Viſcount, were lately brought in by our moſt gracious
Sovereign King Fames the ſixth, Theſe are accoun.
ted Nobles of a higher degree, and have both place
and voice in Parliaments, and by a ſpecial name, to.
gether with the —_— are called Lords.
Amongſt the Nobles of a lower degree, in the Kaigs
firlt place are Knights, who are certainly made with
greater ſolemnity than any where elſe in Europe, by
taking of an Oath, and being proclaim'd publickly by
the Heralds. In the ſecond, are thoſe who are called
Lairds, and commonly without any addition Barons, |...
amongſt whom none were antently reckoned, but
ſuch as held immediately from the King Land: in Cz.
pite, and had the *Fms Furcarwm, In the third place To
are ſuch as being deſcended of Honourable Families, **
and _— with no certain title, are term*d Gen. _
temen, | the reſt, as Citizews, Merchants, Artife.
cers,Ofc. are reckoned among the Commons.
Vee :
,
"27
*'s
cels of rune, new Titles of Honour have been much
C—E_ a ——
—_——
—
The COURTS of JUSTICE.
HE fupream Court, as well in dignity as
authority, is accounted the Aſſembly of the
States ff rhe Kingdom, which is called a Par-
liament, by the ſame name as it is in land; and
hath the "Gee abſolute Authoricy. It conlilts of three
States, of the Lord: Spiritual, thatis, the Biſhops, Ab-
bots, and Priors ; of the Lords Temporal, viz. Dukes,
Marquiſtes, Earls, Viſcounts, and Barons; and the
Commiſſioners for the Cities and Buroyghi. To whom
were joyned, not long ſince, for every County alfo,
ewo * Commiſſioners. It is called by the King art plea-
fure, allowing a certain time for notice before it is ro
fit. When they are convened, and the cagfes of their
meeting are declared by the King and the Chancel
lour, the Lords Spiritual retire _ and chooſe ei
ot the Lords Temporal ; the Lords Temporal like-
wile as many out of the Lords operingel Then alt
theſe together nominate eight of the Knights of the
Shices, and as many of the Burgeſles ; which all to-
gether make 32. and are called Lords of the Articles ;
and, with the Chancellor , Treaſurer, Privy-Seal , the
Kmg*s Secretary, &c. admit or reject all matters that
are propos'd to the States, after they have been firſt
communicated to the King. After they are appro-
ved by the whole Aſſembly of the States, they are
throughly examined ; and ſuch as paſs by a majority
of Vores, are preſented to the King, who by touch-
ing them with his Scepter ſignifies the confirming or
vacating of them. Bur if the King diſlikes any thing,
it is firſt razed out.
Next to the Parliament is the College of Fuftice, or
35 they call it, the Seſſion, which King James 5. infſti-
tured, An. 1532. after the manner of the Parliament
at Pars; confiling of a Preſident, fourteen Senators,
ſzven of the Clergy, and as many of the Laity, (to
whom was afterwards added the Chancellcor, who takes
place firſt, and five other Scnators, ) three principal
Clerks, and as many Advecates as the Senators ſhall
tink convenient. Theſe are to adminiſter juſtice,
not according to the rigout of the Law, but withrea-
TI
{ March, and from Trinity Sunday to the firſt of Au-
guſt. All the ſpace between, as being the times of
ſowing and harveſt, is /acation, and intermiſſion from
Suits and matters of Law. They give judgment ac-
cording to As of Parliament , and where they are
defective, according to the Civil Law.
There are beſides in every County, inferiour C:4:/
Courts, wherein the Sheriff or his depury decides con-
troverfies amongſt the inhabitants, t &zeRions, in-
truſions, darnages, debts, &c. from whom, upon fir
ſpicion of patnality or alliance, they apnea! ſomerimes
ro the Seſſion. Theſe Sheriffs are all for the moſt part
hereditary, ' For the Kings of Scotland as well as of
England, to oblige rhe r fort of Gentlemen
more cloſely to them by their fayours, in old time
randy choug sh ary and _ But the
i Kings o0N i e veniencies
happening ereupon, rn changed them-into
annual. ere are Civ1 held atffoin the Fig
of the Crown, by their reſpeQtive Bailiffs, co whom
the King hath graciouſly granted Royal privileges ; as
alſo in free Boroughs and Cities, by their Magi-
{trates.
There are likewiſe Courts called The Commiſſariat,
the higheſt of which is kept at Edenborough : wherein
before four Judges, ations are pleaded concerning
matters relating to Wills, the right of Eccleſiaſtical
Benefices, Tythes, Divorces, &c. and Eccleſiaſtical
Cauſes of like nature. But in almoſt all the other
parts of the Kingdom, there ſits but one Judge on
theſe Cauſes.
In criminal Cauſes, the King's Chief Juſtice ho!ds
his Courts generally at Edenborough; which Office
hath for ſome time been executed by the Earls of Ar-
gy/e, who depute two or three Counſellors to take
cognizance of actions of life and death, loſs of limbs,
or of goods and chattels. In this Court likewiſe che
Defendant is permitted, even in caſe of High Trea-
ſon, to retain an Advocate to plead for him.
Moreover, in criminal matters, Fuſtices are ſome-
fon and equity, every day except Sunday and Mon-
day, from the firlt of November to the fiftcenth of
times appointed by the King's Commiſſion, for deci-
ding this or that particular cauſe.
+ Allo
1 OO 0 OY OO RO on
_—_—_
B94
Alfo the Sheritts in their terricories,and Magiſtrates
in ſome Boroughs, may ſit in judgment of Manſlaugh.-
ter ( in caſe the Manſlayer be apprehended in the
ſpace of 24 hours, ) and having found him guilty by a
Tom may put him to death. But if that timebe once
overpalt, the cauſe is reterred to the King's Juſtice, or
his Deputies. The ſame privilege alſo ſome of the
Nobility and Gentry enjoy againſt Thieves, taken
who have ſuch Royalties, that in criminal cauſes
they may exerciſe a juriſdiction within their own li-
mits, and in ſome caſes recall thoſe that dwell within |
within their own Juriſdictions. There are likewiſe
their own liberties from the King's Juſtice, provided.
ry judge according to Law.
heſe matters (as havi
had but a tranſient view of
them ) TI have lightly dnched upon. Hhat manner of
Country Scotland &, and what mes it breeds, ( as
that excellent Geographer writ of Bricain _ or bs Kets.
latle time more _— and evidently be ſhown, fince the
eateſt of Princes bath opened a paſſage to it, which was
0 long ſhut up. In the Interim 1 will proceed to the
Places, which is a ſubjet 1 am more immediately
concern'd in.
—— —
—_—_—
letter rpfide down, are called im ſome
the mouth of the River Tweed and F
_——— —
GADENJd or LADE£&N TI,
Pon the Ottadini, or Northumberland, bordered the FASENOT, ( Gadeni )
Copies of Ptolemy Ladeni, ſeated in that Country lying between
b of the denborouph-Ertth, which s now cantoned into "3
Irics. The principal of them are Teifidale, Twedale, Merch, and Lothien,
wider which general name the Writers of the middle age compriſed them all. [a]
|
who, by the turning of one
many petty Coun- Jn en
in Latm Lodeneium, rum fign-
frcarrone.
E;fidale, that is to ſay, the Valley or Dale
by the River *7efy or Tevic, lying -next
to England, amongſt cliffs of craggy hills
and rocks, is inhabited by a warlike peo-
ple, who by reaſon of fo frequent encounters between
the Scots and Engliſh in former ages, are always ve-
ry ready for ſervice and ſudden invaſions., , The fuft
place we meet with amongſt theſe, is Zedpurg,. a Bo-
rough well frequented, ſtanding near che confluence
of the Tefy and Jed, from whence it takes its name;
4 and Mailros, a very ancient Monaſtery, wherein, in
the Church's infancy, were Monks of that antienc
inſticuion, chat gave thernſelves to prayer, and with
the labour of ther hands earn'd their living. And
more Eaſtward,- where the Tede and the Tefy joyn
in one ſtream, * Ro1bwro, called allo Roxburgh, and
in antient times Mirchidun, from its _ cated in
the Marches; where ftands a Caſtle, char by its natu-
ral ſieuation, and tow'red Sages you in Os
aſt exceeding ſtrong. - Whi ing ſurprized by
the Englith; while King James 2. of Scotland was be-
ſieging it, he was untimely (lain in the flower of his
youth, by a piece of Cannon that caſually burſt. He
was a Prince much miſled and lamented by his Sub-
jects. Notwithſtanding. this, the Caſtle was furren-
der'd, and being moltly demoliſhed, is now ſcarce
to be ſeen. Bur the adjacent Territory (called from
- it the Sheriffdom of Roxborough) hath an hereditary She-
riff of the family of Doug/aſs, who is uſually calied
TRIFEIECRSE
favour of King James 6. is alſo a Barony, in the per-
lon of Robert Kerr, of the houſe of the Kerrs, a very
| noble and namerous family in this tract ; from which
are deſcended the Fernher/ts, and others, who being
educated it the ſchool of Arms, have render'd them-
ſelves very illuſtrious. : |
Twede aforeſaid runs through the middle of a Val-
Kerr.
Twedale-
| ley or Dale, that takes its name from it,
in ſheep , . whoſe wool is very valuable. This ts
certainly a Noble River; which having its ſource a-
mong{t the hills more inwardly Weſtward, and run-
ning a5 it were. with a ſtreight Channel by Drimlar. ,_....
Cole, by Peebls a Market-Town * ( which hath' for * 5: moe
ics Sheriff Baron Zeſter) as alſo. £ Selkirk + hard i (4c 4d
by (which hath one out of the family of Murray of $ckirk.
Fallo-hill; ) it receives the lictle River Lauder, upon t St mere
| which appears #: Lauder, together with Thirleſtan. '7* 4*
Here Sir Fob» Maitland, not long ſince Chancellor of
Scotland, for his ſingular prudence created by K. James
the 6. Baron of 7hirleſft an, hath a very'beauciful ſeat®. Baron of
Then being increaſed by the acceſlion of the River Thii<ta
Teviot beneath Roxburgh, ic watereth the Sheriffdom
of Berwick, which+'is ' moſt of it the' Eſtate of the
Humes, wherein the” Head of that Family exer-
ciſeth now the Jurifdition of a Sheriff: and then run-
ning under Berwick, the beſt fortified Town of Bri.
tain, (whereof I have already ſpoken ) with a pro-
digious plenty of Salmon, it emprieth it ſelf into the
8 tbe Sheriff of Teviotdale, And now 1 Roxborough, by the
” d This river divideth that part of the ſhire properly called Teviotdale,
to the {ame Family.
Sheriff an4 Commithary- ;
2a large Stceple riting in the midd e,
making of a cumplcat Scar.
& Thus town 1S$4
ANUres.
b-Royal,
hb tags - pay
e The Royalty of this place was tranſmitted ro the town of /edbwgh, the chict burgh-royal of the ſhire.
s a weekiy marker and ſeveral rairs, is the head
c of Lauderdale has built a well-conrriv'd handſom Church,
4 The ſaid Duke has adorned it with avenacs, pavillioans, oaut-Courts, and
Sea. [b]
into that which lyeth on the South and
——————_—
—
M——————_
MERCHIA, MERCH, or MERS.
Erch, which is next, and fo named be-
cauſe it is a March-Countrey , lieth
wholly upon the German Ocean. Here
t Hume Caſtle firſt preſents it ſelf, the
ancient poſleſlion of the Lords of Home or Hume ;
who being deſcended from the Earls of Merch, have
ſpread themſelves into a numerous and noble family.
Of which, Alexander Hume, who was before Primier
Baron of Scotland, and Sheriff of Berwick, was
lately advanced by mes, King of Great Britain, to
| the Title of Earl of Hume. Not far off, under this, 7
Caſtle, lieth / Kelſo, formerly famous for a Monaftery
by King David the firſt among thirteen
more, for the propagation of God's glory, but to the
great impairing of the Crown Lands. |
FThence we have a proſpe of Coldingbam, called Colding-
by Bede Coldane, and Colud; wrbs, perhaps the Ce. Bi...
mia of Ptolemy, conſecrated many CC
to profeſſed Nuns, whoſe Chaſtity is ded in an-
cient Writings, for their cutting off (together wich
|
& it was demolidhed by the Eigliſh i the lads War.
Y. f& is d burgh of Batoby, and If large beauriſut Told;
Ebbd;
-$C4O'T
L A N D.
Farls of
Merch.
Lauden,
Dunbar.
Far's of
\ Dunbar,
Barn
Home or
Hume of
_ Berwick.
7Zxilſter.
Ebbs their Prioreſs) their Noſes and Lips ; chufing
to ſecure their Virginity m_ _ Danes, rather
than preſerve their Beauty : but they notw1
DT them, together with their Monaſtery. Hard
by is Faſtcaſtle belonging to the Hume, ſo called from
ics ſtrength, near the ſame Sr. Ebbe's Promontory,
who being the Daughter of Ede/frid King of Nor-
thumberland, when her Father was taken Priſoner,
ſcized upon a Boat in the Humber, and pafling along
the tempeſtuous Ocean, landed in ſafety here, be-
came famous for her ſanftity, and left her name to
the place. Ir
Bur Merch is much more celebrated in Hiſtory for
its Earls, than places ; who were highly commended
for their Martial Courage. They were deſcendants
of Goſpatrick Earl of Northumberland, who, after
his being driven out of his Countre
Conqueror, was entertained by Maicolm Commer, that
is, Great-bead, -King of Scotland, and honoured b
him with D«nbar-Caſtle and the Earldom of Merch.
His Poſterity, beſides very large pony in Scot-
land, held (as appears by an old Inquiſition) the Ba-
rony of Bengeley in Northumberland, thatthey ſhould
be Inborrow, and Utborrow, between England and
Scotland. What the meaning ſhould be of theſe
AO
by William the | f
terms, let others gueſs; what my conjefture is, I have
id already. But in the reign of King James the
firſt, George of Dunbar, the Earl of Merch, by au.
thority of Parliament, upon the account of his Fa.
ther's Rebellion, Lf rhe propriety and poſſeſſion of the
Earldom of Merch, and the Seigniory of Dunbar, And
when he proved by good Evidence, that his Father
had been pardoned that fault by the Regents of the
Kingdom, he was anſwered, that it was not in the
Regents power to pardon ' an offence againſt the
State ; and that it was provided by the Laws, that
the Father's tranſgreflion ſhould ſucceed to the Chil.
dren, to the end that being Heirs to their Father's
Raſhneſfs as well as Eſtate, they ſhould not at any
time, out of a vain opinion of power, plot againit
their Prince and Country. The Title of Ear!
Merch was afterwards amongſt other Ho-
nourable Titles conferr'd on Alexander Duke of
Albany. And in our memory, this title of ho.
nour was reviv'd in Robert the 3. Brother of Matthew
Earl of Lenox, who being of Biſhop of Cathnef
made Earl of Lenox, ſoon after reigned up that
t4
FROnY to his Nephew created Duke of Lenox, and re-
ceived of the King, by way of recompence, the name
and ftile of Earl of Merch \ c |.
—————
LAUDEN or LOTHIEN
| OTHIEN, alſo called Lauder, and anciently
from the Pits, Pi#/andJhoots out along from
Merch as far as the Scottiſh Sea, or the
Frith, having many hills, and little woods;
but for its excellent Corn-lands, and civility, is com-
—_ rs - King of England
the Year of our Lor . Edgar
( between whom and Kenerh the third, King of
Scotland, there was:a {tri alliance againſt the Danes
the Common Enemy) reſigned up his right in this
Lothian unto him, as ew aſſerts ;
and to tie his heart the cloſer to him, He beſtowed
upon bim moreover many Lodges in the way, wherein both
be and bis Succeſſors, in ther coming to the Kings f
England, and return bomewards, might be entertained,
wich till K. Henry the ſecond*s time remained in the
hands of the King's of Scatland, ' In this Lothian, the
firſt place that preſents it ſelf\ upon the Sea Shore is
ar, a Caſtle in ancient times-very ſtrongly for-
tify'd ( the feat of the Earls of Merch before-men-
tioned, thence commonly called Earls of Dunbar)
often taken by 'the Engliſh, and recovered by the
Scots. But in the Year 1567 it was demoliſht by
order of the States, to prevent its being a retreat for
Rebels. Bur King James in the year 1515. conferr'd
the Title and Honour of Earl of ar, upon Sir
Geo. Hume, for his approved Loyalty ; whom he had
created before Baron Hume of ick, to him, his
Heirs, and », Hard by, the little River Time,
aſter a ſhort courſe, falleth into the Sea; near the
ſource whereof ſtands Zeifter, which hath its Baron
of the Family of the Hays Earls of Arroll, who is like-
wile hereditary Sheriff of the little Territory of Twe-
dale,or Peblis. Upon the ſame rivulet ſome few miles
higher, in a large plain, lies Hadingion or Hadima,
fortify*d by the Engliſh with a deep and large ditch,
and a four ſquare eurf-wall without, with four bull.
warks at the Corners, and as many more upon the
Inner wall ; and as valiantly defended by Sir George
Wilford an Englifhman againſt Monſieur Deſſie, who
EY pen d it with $ ocond __ and Germans ;
till che growing hot eſlening the gariſon,
Henry Earl of | 57 rn with a great mend
rais'd the ſiege, and having levell'd the Works, con-
dutted the Engliſh home. now of late K James 6.
hath, tor his loyalty and valour, eleted into the
Nobility of Scotland Sir Fobn Ramſey, (whoſe RIGHT
a.
_—
HAND was the DEFENDER OF THE PRINCE
AND CQUNTRY in that horrid Conſpiracy of the jy!
Gowries) under the title and honour of Viſcount tz
Hadington®, Of this Hadington, J. Johnſton hath
theſe Verſes;
Planities pratenſa jacet ming Tme
Fhumins _ ns atop? gras F
Vulcani & Mattz« qua paſſa incendia, fats
Ingemit alterno wulnere fratta vices.
Nunc tandem ſapit ita, Dei precepts ſecuta
Preſidio gaudet jam potiore Poli.
Near Tize's fair ſtream a fpatious plain is ſhown,
Tine”s circling arms embrace the hapleſs town :
Where Mar: and fiery Vulcan reign by turns
With fatal rage, whoſe dire effects ſhe mourns.
By fad ence now at laſt grown wile,
She lights their fury and their power defies.
Contemns the ers that before ſhe fear'd,
And reſts ſecure when mighty heaven's her guard.
A little way from Hadington ſtands Arbelft anford, ate
ſo named from Arbelftan, a Commander of bo Eve! ach
liſh, lain there with his men, about the year 815;
but that this was Arbe/fan that Warlike King -f the
1
a
Weſt-Saxons, muſt be deny*d, if we have any
relpe& to time, or [the manner of } his Death.
Above the Mouth of this Tine, upon the doubling
of the ſhore, ſtands Tantolon Caltle; 4 from whence
Archibald Douglas [Earl ] of Angus, was very trouble-
ſome to James 5. King of Here, by the
winding of the ſhores on both ſides, room is made
tor a very Noble Arm of the Sea, well furniſhed with
Iſlands ; and by the influx of many rivers and the
Sea-tides, dilated to a mighry breadth. Prolemy calls
it Boderia, Tacitus Bodotria, from its depth, as 1 con- , .
jecture; the Scots the Forth and Frith ; we Eden ©
borougb-Frith ; others Mare Freficum, and Mare Scoticum,
and the Eulogium Morwiridb, Upon this, after you
are paſt Tantallon, are ſeated, firſt North-Berwick, an- 1
tiently famous for a Houſe of Religious Virgins; and
then Drylron, which formerly belong'd to the eminent 29s
family of the Haliburtons, and now by the favour of
K. James 6. gives the Tide of Baronto Sir Tho. Eres-
kin Captain of his Guards ; as Felton hard by gives the
Honourable Title of Viſcount to the ſame 5 Fel
who was the firſt that had the ſtile and dignity of a
Viſcount in Scotland. Over againſt them, in the ſea,
ws It is now & F\ſcoony in the perſon of Robert Conſtab!c, Viſcount Dunbar.
——_"n.
It is now an Earidom in the fami'y of the Ham:lons.
+
near
07
"SCOTLAND.
898
> 45. near the ſhore, lies the Baſs, an Iſland which riſes up,
as it were in one continued craggy rock, on every
fide inaccellible, yer ir has a Fort, a fountain, and
aſture-grounds ; but is ſo ho!low'd and undermined
y the waves, thac ic is almoſt wrought What
prodigious flights of ſea-fowl, eſpecially of thoſe Geeſe
chey call Scouts and Seland-Geeſe, at certain times flock
hither, ( for by report, their number is fo great as in
» a Clear day to darken the Sunz) what multitudes of
,tobe Fiſhes they bring ( ſo as that 100 Soldiers in Garifon
+7 here, liv*d upon no other proviſion but the freſh fiſh
brought hither by them, as they give out; ) what a
quantity of ſticks they convey for the building of their
nelts, ( fo that by their means the inhabitants are a-
bundantly provided with firing) what vaſt profic al-
{o their feathers and oyl amount to: are things fo in-
credible, that no one ſcarcely would believe it, but he
that had ſeen ir.
| Then, as the ſhore draws back, Seron appears, which
* ſeems to take its name from its ſituation upon the Sea,
and tohave givenone to the Right Honourable Houſe
via- of the Serons, deſcended of an Engliſh Family and a
Daughter of King Robert Bruce ; of which the * Mar-
quiſs of Huntley, Robert Earl of Wintoun, Alexander
Earl of Dunfermling , all advanced to honours by
King Fames 6. are Branches. | d ]
Afffeer this, the River Ek hath its influx into the
x. Frith, having run by Bor:hwic, ( which hath its Ba-
rons ſo ſirnamed, ot Hungarian extraction ) by New-
bottle, that is, the new . building, formerly a little Mo-
naſtery, now a ie in the perſon of Sir Mark
Ker ; 6 Dalkeith, lately a pleaſant feat of the Earls
os Of Morion; and Muſſelborougb, below which, upon £4.
ward Seymour Duke of Somerſet's entring Scotland
with a *compleat Army, to challenge the performance
of Articles tor the marrying Mary Queen of Scotland
to Edward 6. King of ome there happened a
moſt diſmal day to the youth of the noble Families
in Scotland, who there fell inthe battle. Here | muſt
not paſs by in ſilence this Inſcription, which F- Napter,
a learned perſon, in his Commentarics on the 4po-
calyps, informs us was here dug up; and which the
eminently ingenious Sir Perer Young Knight, King
ut the 6th's Tutor, hath thus ' more truly de-
cribed.
Who this Apollo Grannws was, and whence he had this
wi. denomination, no one Antiquary, to the beſt of my
the loweſt form, may give my ſentiments, I ſhould
ſay that Apollo Gramws, amonglit the Romans, was
the fame as the Grecians An{mur «xpawouts, that is,
Grami. But this may be looke upon as fo-
reign to my buſinels. |
Edenborough, called by the Iriſh- Scots Dun- Eaden, 'that
is, Eaden Town, which without doubt is the ſame
that Ptolemy calls =7parimdby #]eponiy, that is, Caſtrum
Alatum, the winged Caſtle; for Edenbor fignities
certainly the ſame as Winged Caſtle, Adain mn the Bri
tiſh denoting a Wing, and Edenborough (fronta word
compounded of the Britiſh and Saxon Tongue ) is
nothing elſe but the Winged Borough. From Wings
therefore we are to derive its name; Which if you
think good, may be done, either from choſe Squa-
drons of horſe which are called Fings, or elfe from
thoſe Wings which the Greek Architects call Preromara,
that is (as Vitruvius tells us) two walls, fo rifing up
in heighe, that they bear a reſemblance of Wings. For
rag an. has ever yet told us. But it 1, thatamof
having long locks. For Iidore calleth the long hair of
the Goths
lower, near the Scottiſh Frith, ſtands
is, Wangleſs. But if any man hath a mind co believe
it cook rs name from Evrask a Britain, or from Heth
a Pict, he may for me; I ſhall not beagainſt it. This
City, in regard of its more eminent ſituation, the
n__ of the air, and fertility of the foil, many of
the Nobilicies lofty Sears lying all round it, irs being
water'd with excellent Springs, and reaching from
Eaſt to Welt a mile in length, and half as much in
breadth ; is juſtly counted the M lis of the whole
Kingdom : ſtrongly walled, adorned with publick
and pug buildings, we!l peopled and frequented
for the advantage of the Sea, which the neighbouring
Port at Leith affords. And as it is honoured withthe
King's reſidence, 1o is it the facred repoſitory of the
Laws, and chief tribunal of Juſtice. For the high
Court of Parliament is generally held here for the en-
ating or repealing of Laws; as alſo the Seflion, and
the Courts of the Kings Faſtice, and of the Commil-
fariat, ( whereof | have already ſpoken) are here ſer-
tled. On the Eaſt fide, joyning to Holy-Rood. Mona-
ftery, ſtands the Palace Royal, built by King David
the firſt ; over which, within a Park ſtored with game,
hangs a double-topt mountain, called Arrhur?s Carr,
trom Arthur the Britain. On the Welt ſide there
mounts up a rock to' a mighty height, ſteep and in-
accethible on all ſides but that which looks towards
the City; _ which a Caſtle ſtands, fo ſtrongly
fortified with a number of Towers, that it is look'd
upon as impregnable. "This the Britains called Cat/e
Myned Apned, the Scots the Maidens Caſtle, and the
Virgins Caſi/e, becauſe the Princeſſes of the Blood-
Royal of the Pitts were here kept ; and the ſame may
m_— be lookt uponiasthe Caſtrum Alatam, or Winged
Caftie abovementioned.
How &gdenborough, by the viciſlitudes of war, has
been fubje& ſornetimes to the Scots, ſometimes to the
Saxons, who inhabited this Eaſtern part of Scotland,
until ic became wholly uhder the Scots Dominion in
the year of our Lord 960. when the Engliſh Empire,
under the conwmifions of the Daniſh Wars, lay as it were
expirmg. How likewiſe ( as it is in an ofa Book Of
the Diviſion of Seotland, in the Library of the Right
Honourable my Lord Bwrkegh, late High-Treafurer
of England ) In the Reign of Indalph, Eden Town was
* qaitted, und abandonned to the Scots to thus preſent day; « uu
atd what different turns of fortune it felt afterwards: ru.
the Hiſtorians relate, from whom you are to be infor.
med. 4 ' In the raean time you may read, if you $:eafuller
|
pleaſe, the ingenious Johnſton's Verles in praiſe of defcriprion
Edenborough, acrin he
Monte ſub acclivi 54" procurrit in auras, AY
Hinc Arx celſa, illine Regia clara nites.
Inter utramg; patet ſublimibus ardua tettus
Urbs armis, animis clara, frequenſq; viris,
Nobike Scototum caput, & pars maxima regni,
Pene etiam gentis ors Regna ſux.
Rare artes & opes, quod mens optaverit, aut hic
Irvenias, aut non Scotia tota dabit.
Compoſitum hic populum wvideas, ſanttumgq; ſenatum,
Santt aq, cum mine jura Dez.
An quiſquam Artho; extremo in liamite mundi,
ut bac aut paria his cernere poſſe putet ?
ic, Hoſpes, poſtquam externas luſtraveris urbes,
D
Hec cernens, oculis credis an ipſe tuis?
Bericath a Weſtern kill's delightful brow,
The Caſtle hence, and hence the Court we view.
The ſtately town preſents ic ſelf berween,
Rerntown'd for for courage, and for men.
& kingdom's nobleſt part, the lofty head,
oy 19 ons Rogan of ths Scottiſh breed.
ealth, arts, all that anxious minds deſire,
Or not in Scotland, or you meet with here.
The ſober, grave the Senate ſhow,
The worlhip pure, the faith divinely true.
Irt the laſt borders of the Northern coaſt
What rival land an equal ſight can boaſt ?
Theſe glories, Trav'ler, when at laſt you ſee,
want of theſe, a certain Ciry of Cyprus was antientiy
(as we read inthe Geographers ) called 4prers, that
_ OO I "IO TIO"
Say if =_ don't miſtruſt your wondring eye,
And think it tranſport all and extaly!
* The Marquiſate of Hwniley is now in the family of Gordev, who are IAB 3 | ih
h_
»——
—
_—_— —
7 SER I NND,
90
A mile from hence lieth Leith, an excellent Ha-|
ven upon the River Le::hb, which when Monſieur |
Deſſi: had fortified with works to ſecure Edenborough, \
by the conflux of people thicher, from a mean Vil-
lage ? it grew to a large Town. Again, when the
French King Francis 2. had married Queen Mary of
- — —O——x2 ——» £©—— ——— ——
Wight, into Vitefis and Veffa, Certainly, ſince both
theſe are broken from the ſhore, there is the fame rea-
ſon for the name in both languages. For Ninius in-
forms us, that Guirh in the Britiſh Tongue ſignifies a
breaking off or ſeparaticy. Upon the ſame Frith, more
inwardly, lies Abercorne, a famous Monaſtery in
Scotland, the French (who then made themſelves ' Bede's time 3 which now, by the favour of King
ſure of Scotland, and began now to gape after Eng- ' James 6. gives the Title of Earl to Fames Hamilton, Ful g
land) in the year 1550,
fortifications. But Q. Elizabech of England, upon
the ſolicitation of the Scotch Nobility of the Puritan
arty, effeted by her wiſdom and authority, that
th they retuined into France, and theſe their for-
tifications were levell'd with the ground ; and Scot-
land ever fince hath had little cauſe to fear the
French. (e]
In the midſt of this Frith, where it begins by de-
grees to contradt it ſe'f, there ſtood (as Bedenoteth)
the City Caer-Guidi, which ſeems now to be Inch.
Keith-Iſland, Whether this be the Videria mentioned
by Ptolemy, I will not now diſpute, though a man
mighr be eaſily induced to believe, that the Romans
turn'd this Guzh into Vittoria, as our Ifle Guib or
p Ir has in it ſeveral Manufatturcs.
S=
ſtrengrhned it with more Juſt by ſtands Blackneſs Caſtle ,
fine
fore, in Britiſh ſounds as much as Lake.
and beneath that _
ſouthward, the ancient City of Lindum, which Bu
' Ptolemy takes notice of, by the learned calld yet mi,
0 but commonly L:thquo, adorn'd with a ©
ouſe of the Kings, a noble Church, and a
Lake plentifully ſtock*d with Fiſh ; from which Lake
it ſeems to derive its name ; for Li, as I hinted be.
It had for. E.::
merly an Hereditary Sheriff of the Houſe of Hy. 4
milton of Peyle ; but its firſt Earl, in our memory, ©
was Alexander Levingſton, advanc'd by K. James 6.
from the dignity of a Baron (which his Anceſtors
had long been honour'd with) to that of an Earl ; t::,;
'as a little after Mark Ker, Baron of Newbortle, was
to the title of Earl of 9 Lorb;an, [Ff ].* of
I #6,
#
the 4
fin,
_—_— i
Additions to the G ADENL
[a]. Hether the People inhabiting thoſe four
| + Counties mentioned by our Author,
were call'd Gadeni and Ladeni, is a point not fo uni-
verſally agreed upon. Indeed, they ſeem to be no
other than thoſe call'd by Mr. Camden according to
different Copies, Ottadini, Orradeni, and Ottalmi ;
and by that Learned Gentleman Drummond of Haw-
thernden, Scorredeni, upon a ſuppoſition that the ini-
tial letters Sc. were p ly either quite gone, or ſo
obſcur'd as not to be legible ; by which means the
Tranſcribers might be drawn into an error. How-
ever, that they are to be carried farther Northward
than Northumberland (to which Mr. Camden has
confin'd them,) is plain from Ptolemie's fixing that
Curia (the place remarkable amongſt them) in the
59th degree of latitude. And in a village in Mid-
Lothian call'd Cutrie, there ſeem to be plain remains
of the old Curia ; as there are of the Otradeni, Scot.
redeni, &c. in Caer Eden, now calld Carriden, in Weſt.
Lothian, where was found a Medal of Tuas Veſpaſian
in gold, with ſome Roman Urns, and a Stone with
the Head of an Eagle engraven upon it. Dun-Eden
alſo, the ancient name of Edenburgh, ſeems to point
out to us that ancient People, and to prove that their
bounds extended as far as the water of Eden, calld
yet by ſome Eden-water. About the mouth where-
of, at a place called Imer-Even, are yet to be ſeen
ſome remains of ancient Buildings.
[b]. The Shire of TEVIOTDALE, compre-
hending under ir Lideſdale, Euſdale, and Ekdale, is
in length trom Reddinburn on the eaſt to Anandale
on the weſt, about 30 miles, and the breadth from
the border to the blue Cairn» in Lawdermoor, about
14 OT IF.
with Graſs and Corn, and water*d with ſeveral rivu-
lets that run into Tiet and Tweed, The Va $
abound with Corn, ſhort of few Shires in Scotland,
for the goodneſs of the grain; fo that quanti-
ties of it are frequently tr into England:
Free-ſtone and Lime they have in great abundan
The high grounds are furniſh'd with excellent grafs,
and produce-great ſtore of catrel of all kinds, and
of the beſt broods in Scotland, both for largeneſs
and goodnefs.
Nor does this County want it's remains of Roman
Antiquity : for here are ſome weftigia of their
encampments, and a military way kd Hom Hownam
to Tweed calld- the Roman Cauſey, and by the vulgar
the Rugged Cauſey.
The AMountaims moſt eminent in it are Cokraw,
- from which there runs a tra of hills weſtward, di-
It is a good ſoil, extraordinary well mixt | it,
viding Scotland from England ; which are only pal-
fable at ſome places. There is another tract of hills
ing from Harewell, which run along to Craucroſs,
ing 12 miles; and in the body of the Shire, ate
Rueburgh-Law, Mynto-bill, and Hadimton-hills.
They have the Regalities of Fedbwrgh-foreft belong. gu
ing to the ifs of Douglas ; the Regality of
Hawick belonging to Bacleugh, and the Regality of
Melroſs in the perſon of the Earl of Hadington.
Several ancient Families of Gentlemen inhabit this
County, and thoſe of very conſiderable Eſtates.
The Sherifdom (for 'tis governed by a Sheriff) is in
the Family of Douglas, Sir William Donglas of Kevers
being hereditary Sheriff.
In this Shire they have 3 Presbyteries, Fedburgh, pr
Kelſo, and Melrofs. ries
Within this com
paſs our Author likewiſe includes p,j
the Shire of Peebles or Tweedule, fo call'd from the
river Tweed, which riſing at a place called Tweed';
croſs, runs eaſt the whole l-ngth of the Shire, and
for the moſt part with a ſwift itream. *Tis bounded
on the eaſt with Errick foreſt ; on the ſouth with part
of the Foreft, Sr. Mary Leugh, and Anandale ;, on the
weſt wich the overward of Clide/dale ; and on the
north with of Caldermoor, the head of North
Ek and Mid-Lothian, In length it is 26 miles, and
where broadeft does not exceed 16. In which com-
are 17 Pariſh Churches, that make up a Pref-
ytery, call'd The Presbytery of Peebles.
The Countrey is generaily ſwell'd with hills, many
of which are green and grafly, with pleaſant and
fertil valleys berween, well watered and adorned with
Gentlemen's houſes. Their grain is generally oats
and barley; and as for planting, they have little of
except about the houſes of the Gentry.
The Head Burgh of the Shire is Peeb/es, a Burgh Pu
Royal, ſeated in a pleaſant plain on the fide of the
nver, with a ſtately bridge of five arches over the
Tweed, and a fine Church.
As to Antiquity ; the place called Randalls.trenches R
ſeems to have been a Roman Camp ; and there is a **
Cauſey leads from it, for half a mile together to the
town of Lyne.
Next to Peebles our Author barely mentions Se/kir5, 51
which yet is a Sherifdom, called otherwiſe The She-
rifdom of Etrick foreſt, becauſe formerly it was wholly
covered with woods, which were well furniſhed wich
Harts, Hinds, and Fallow Deer, but now they are
in a great meaſure deſtroyed. On the north *is
bounded partly by Tweedale, and partly by the Rega-
lity of Srow in Mid-Lothian ; on theeaſt and ſouth by
Teviot-dale ; and onthe welt partly by Tevierdale, and
park
.
*
a. lth. Att tt.
te. I.
_,
SCOT
L
A ND.
partly by A»nandale. The body of the Shire is very
near Quadrangular, and the Diameter every way a-
bout 15 miles. The Inhabitants have yay frong
bodies, being ſober and frugal in ir diet; a
living moſtly by feeding of Cattle : whereby they
do nor only ſupport themſelves, but maintain a good
Trade in England with their Wool, Sheep, Cows, CC,
[c] As the MERS has its preſent name from being
the boundary or march between England and Scot-
land ; fo was it alſo call'd Berwickſhire, becauſe the
rown of Berwick was formerly the chief burrough
thereof ; which was afterwards given away by King
James the third upon capitulation, for redemption of
Alexander Duke of Albany. But (if we may believe
ſome Scotch Authors) one more ancient than either
of theſe, was Ordolacia, and that of the Inhabitants
Ordelutz, a branch of the Scottedeni,
It is the ſouth-eaſt Shire of all Scorlend, bordering
upon the fea ; and divided from Berwick by the
Bound-rod ; from Northumberland by the river
Tweed, running between them for about eight miles.
This river is one of the 3 that riſe outof the ſame tract
of hills ; Clide runs weft towards Dumbarton ; Anand,
ſouth towards Solway-ſands ; and this, caſt rowards Ber-
wick, It is of a {wift courſe, environ*'d with | hills,
running through Tweedale-foreſt and Teviordale before
it go into the Ocean. Ir's current is above 5o miles:
in all which compals ic hath only two bridges ; one
at Peebles of 5 arches, and another at Berwick of 15.
Ie had one at Melroſs; the pillars whereof are yet
ſtanding; and another is intended at Ke!/s.
The length of this County is 20 miles from Lam-
berton. to Ridpeth on the fouth-ſide, and from Cock-
burns-path to Seeinghill-kirk on- the north-ſide. But
take the length anglewile, 'tis from Lamberton to Lau-
clugh, dire& eaſt and welt, 24 miles. Irs breadth
is about 14 miles, whether you take it on the weſt-
end, fouth-end, or middle of the Shire.
It is divided into three parts, Mers, Lammermoor,
and Lauderdale. The Mer: is a pleaſant low ground,ly-
ing open'to the influence of the fun, and guarded from
ſtorms by Lammermoor. So that the foil is fertil, and
affords great plenty of oats, barley, wheat, peaſe, &c,
inlength, and 6 ar leaſt in breadth ; — with
moſs and moor. The weſt end of them, for four
miles together, belongs to Lauderdale ; the reſt of it
eaſtward is almoſt equally parted between Eft
Lothian and Mers. The peculiar uſe of this tract, 15
pm—_ in the ſummer time, and the game it af.
ords by the abundance of Partridge , Moor-fowl,
Plover, &c. But the produdt of theſe parts is not
reckoned ſo good as of others, being generally fold
- at a lower rate, Lauderdale is a tract of ground ly-
ing on each ſide of the water of Leider, abounding
well ſtor'd alſo with corn and paſturage.
The Judicatories in this Shire are ; 1. The Sherif-
Court, which ſits at the town of Duns. 2. The Com-
miſſariot, which fits at Lawder.
Thirlftan, belonging tothe Earl of Lauderdale. 4.
Regalicy of Preſton, and Foreſt of Dye, aging
P
to the Marquiſs of Doug/ar. 5. The Lordfhi
Coldingham and Stewartry of March,
Earl of Hume ; who is Sheriff, and has his reſidence
at Hirſell.
the water of Ey.
ſituate | IWhite-coat, where is a Wit _,
harbour tor herring-fiſhing. | co8k-
Abour B/tenrig on the eaſt-hand, and the Moriſtons
and Meller
ns on the weſt, they frequently
take the Dotterel, a rare Fowl, towards the latter end De:zerct.
of April and beginning of May.
{d} Next the prog _—_ Ne ſouth of the Firth
or Forth, lies the country call'd LOTHIAN ;. having'
Mers tothe eaft ; part of Lammermoor, and part of
Lauderdale, with the Foreft and Tweedale, to the
ſouth ; part of Clid{Aale and Stirlingſhire to the. weſt,
and to the north the Firth or Brth. It is in length
from Cockburns-path in the eaſt, to the Shire of Clid(.
dale, about 57 ' miles ; and where "tis broadeſt, be-
eween 16 and 17 miles over. To what our Author
has faid in commendation of it, tay be added it's
number of Towns, with ſears of the Nobility and
Gentry, wherein it goes much beyond the reſt of
Scotland. *Tis divided into 3 diſtin Tracts, calt'd
E aſt. Lothian, Mid-Lothian, and Weſt- Lothian.
dington, (fo called from Hadington one of the three
burghs-Royal, and ſeat of the Courts) is in length
about 22, and in breadth about 12 miles, bounded
by the Firth on the'north and eaſt, by a trad of hills
called Lemmermoor on the ſouth, and by Mid-L:thian
on the Weſt. It abounds with corn of all forts, has
good ſtore of grafs, with ſome confiderable woods,
as Preſtmennan, Colſton, Humbie, and Ormeſtan ; and
abundance of Coal and Lime-ſtone. It has good ſtore
of Sheep, eſpecially towards the hills of Lammermoor,
and by bell Lapis : and from the welt part to
the ſea all along to the eaſt, it abounds with Conies.
It hath many Salt-pans, wherein much white Sal: is
made ; and at New-Milns there is a conſiderable manu-
fatory of broad-cloath. The ſea-coaſt is accommo-
dated with many convenient harbours, and has the
advantage of ſeveral Fiſh-towns ; particularly, at
Dumbar, and on the coaſt thereabout, every year
after Lammas there is a Herring-fiſhing, where they
take great numbers, not only to ſerve the Intiabicants,
but allo for exportation. |
The firſt conſiderable place we meet wich int
traft is Dunglas, a t ſeat on the ſea coaſt,
his
s Dunglas.
. with abundance of hay. Lammermoor is a great traCt of
hills on the north-ſide of the Shire, above 16 miles | has
with pleaſant haughs, green hills, and fome woods |
3. The Regality of
which formerly belonged to the Earl of Hume, but
now er owner, In the time of the late
Wars, a gariſon was kept there by the Earl of Hy-
dington, for the Army ; who (with 30 Knights and
Gentlemen of the name of Hamilton, beſides ſeveral
other conſiderable perſons) periſhed in the ruines of
this houſe. For it was deſignedly blown up inthe.
year 1640 by Nathaniel Paris an Engliſhman, one of
his own ſervants, while the Earl was reading a Letter
in the Court, which he had then received from the
Army, with all the Gentlemen about him. Only
tour of the whole Company eſcaped, who by the
force of the powder were thrown to a great diſtance
irom the houſe. Tis now repaired, and adorned
by Sir Fobn Hall, the preſent poſſeſſor, with curious
ardens, ſpacious Courts, and a large and pleaſant
Avenue. They have here a Collegiate Church, a
goodly large building and vaulted ; bo *tis now Tui- *
nous. Along the Coaſt, to Dunbar, is a pleaſant
| Country, the . moſt fruitful in the Kingdom, eſpe-
(9) | cially in Wheat and Barley.
ing to the |
Sourh-eaſt of Dumbar | (a Burgh-royal in this
The more remarkable places, beſides thoſe men-
tioned by our Author, are, want a _ —_—_ ,
ſtandin a riſi in mi
Shire. g Sy Wednelday it has a
Sheep, Horſes, and Cows; and is famous for bei
reputed the birth-place of Joannes Duns Scam AGentle-
man, a Laird of that name, is ſtill there. Eymouth, the
only port in the Shire for ſhipping ; which was forti-
fied by the French in Queen Mary's minority. Er-
filten or Earlftown, famous for the birth of Thomas Ler-
mouth, called Thomas the Rymer. Hume, for the Caſtle,
cloſe upon Tweed. Greenlaw, a burgh of Barony,
with a weekly market. Fouldon, a large town, Roſe
now demoliſh'd. Caldffream, a market town lying |
Sept. 30. 1650. over the Scotch-Army under Leſly,
' by a handful of men (andthoſe too but ſickly) under
'the- conimand of Cromwell. Which miſcarriage (if
ſomei perſons,who were in the Action may
t market of be believed) was rather owing to the treachery of
being ' ſome great men, than any condud or bravery of
the Enemies.
The moſt confiderable Houſes, are Brocksmouth, the Houſs.
chief reſidence of the Earl of Roxburgh. Tining-
bam, the reſidence of the Earl of Hadington ; near
which there is a of Marble. Seaton and #71.
ron, the houſes of the Earl of Winton.
The Templars, and after them the Knights of Rheazs
and Malta, had a reſidence in this Shire at Ss. Ger-
| mains. It has at preſent two Presbyteries, of Ha-
famous for it's harbour and plenty of fiſh. Ajon, | dingiom and Dunber,
L1l 3 [e) The
__—
pert
Eaft- Lothian or the Conſtabulary or Shire of He. 5-7: -
' Shire): is Dunbill, memorable for the victory obtained, DunkiB.
903
—
TSCOTLAN D.
Mid.
Lothian.
® Thea-
rum S$c0-
$14, P. 7+
Publick
Buildings.
Churches.
Groy-
feian:
Hoſpitals.
Orher
Laildings.
ſide a
led Mid-Lethian, is the principal Shire of che King-
dpm; and is in length fe 21 miles z the breadt
of it is different according to the ſeveral parts, 1n
ſome 16 or 17 miles, in others not above
On the ſouth it is bounded with the Sheriffdom of
Hadington for 1 ji es together ; on the eaſt with
the Baillery of Lauderdale for about four ; on the
e] The Sheriffdom of Edenburgh, commegy cal-
ſourch with the Sheriffdom of Twedale for 13 miles ; |
onthe ſouth-weſt with the Sheriffdom of Laxerick tor
6 or 7 miles, and on the weſt for two miles by the
faid Sheriffdom ; on the north-weſt with che Sherift-
dom of Linlithgow for 14, miles; and on the norti
with the Firth or Forth for the ſpace of 3 miles.
This tract is abundantly furniſhed with all neceſla-
ries z producing a great deal of corn of all ſorts, and
affording good paſture for cattle. Ir has very much
coal and lime-ſtone, as alſo a fort of ſoft black
marble ; and ſome few miles from Edenburgh, near
che water of Leith, they have a Copper-mane.
Edenburgh, * is not only the moſt conſiderable
place in thoſe parts, but the chief City of the King- |
dom of Scotland. The Romans could not well have
made choice of a better place for a Fortification ; for
the rock on which the preſent Caſtle is ſituated, 15
inacceſlible on all ſides, except the Eaſt.
The firſt building of a Fort here, ſeems to have
given Riſe to the town, and to have encouraged the
neighbours to fix under the oem of it. do that
the houſes and inhabitants
ing, have brought ic down to the very foot of the
yo toward the eaſt, and made it an entire Scotch
mile in length, and half a mile in breadth, The
aſcent upon which the City ſtands, has on the north-
| calPd the V.r:1b-Loch, and was formerly
guarded by another on the ſouth, call'd the South.
Loch, as appears from che leaſes of ſome houles of
S, Ninian's Row that are let with the privilege of a
boat annext. But this is drain'd many years ago ;
and upon the banks of it are built ewo ſeveral tracts
of houſes. The City has ſix Gates, the principal
whereof, to the Eaſt, was magnificently rebuilt in the
year 1616, and adorned with Towers on both ſides.
Two ſtreets run along the whole length of the town.
"The High-ffree: from the Caltle'to the Abby (ſaid to
be the broadeſt in Europe) 3s of late built of hewen
ſtone ; ſince by an ACt of the Town-Coundall, they
have been prohibited to build any-more of Timber
either in the City or Suburbs, upon account of che
many Fires which have 7 tg"
* And as the prevare Buildings, fo allo the publick do
vety munch exceed thoſe in other of that King-
dom. . In the middle of the City is St. Giles's Church,
a Cathedral, built of hewn ſtone, and adorned with
ſtone-pillars and wvaultings, *Tis 1o large as to be di-
vided into 3 Churches, cach wh has its Pariſh.
Beſides -this, they have the South-Church, in the
Church-yard whereof, amongſt many other monu-
ments, 1s that of Sir George Mackenzy. "The Trone-
Church, built in 1644, The Collegiate Church of
the Sacred Trinity, built by Mary of Gaeldres, King
James the Second's Queen. The Lady Tefer's Church,
buile and endowed by one of the Lady 7efers : and
another very beautiful buile within theſe 5
years. ' To theſe we muſt add two Chapels, S:. Mag-
dalens and St. Mary's, with another at che foot of the
Canon-gate. FX.
Next to theſe. are their Hoſpitals, Sr. Th»mas's and
Heriot's Hoſpital. In the firlt, the poorer fort of In-
habitants are, maintained very fomly, and have
their own proper Chaplain. , The ſecond (fo called
from the founder George Heriot, Jewellec to James 6.)
is a ſtately Fabrick like a Palace. -. In the inner Fron- |
riſpieceisthe Statueofthe Founder erected 4 and round |
about the houſes are pong mars adorned with
large Walks and Greens. ”Tis a Nurſery for boys,
wherein the children of the poorer Citizens have their
education, till they be fit for the publick Schools and
Colleges. - |
Near the Cathedral-Chuch, is the Parliament.
houſe, ſtanding in a great Court, which on one ſide
is encloſed with the upper and lower Exchange, and
wich a trat'cf very tiately butidings. Here ws one
y little and little increal- |
or 6.
|
of the higheſt houſes perhaps in the world, mounting
ſeven ſtories above the Parliament-Court, and being
built upon the deſcent of a hill, the back-part is as
far below it; ſo that from the bottom to the top, one
ſtair-caſe aſcends 14 ſtories high. In the middle of
the Court, is the Statue of King Charles IL in brafs,
ereted upon a ſtately Pedeſtal at the charge of the
City.
On the South-ſide 1s the Gollege of King James
the ſixth, founded in the year 1580, and endowed
with all the Privileges of an Univerſity. The precinds
are very large, and the whole is divided into 3 Courts,
adorned on all ſides with excellent buildings, two /ower,
and one bigher which is as large as both the other. They
have their publick Sc&00/s, and a Commm-ball wherein
Divinity, Hebrew, and Mathematicks are taught.
Their Library is well ftor*d with printed books, and
and has ſome Manuſcripts : under that is the King's
Printing-hoalſe, "The Students have very good ac.
commodation, and the Profeſſors neat and handfom
Lodgings, with very good Gardens for their recreation.
Hamilton 15 hereditary Keeper) hath four Courts.
| The Outer-Court, which is as big as all the reſt, has
four principal Entries. 'Tis on all hands bounded
with lovely Gardens : on the ſouth, lies the King®
Park, which hath great variety of medicinal planes.
The Entry of the Palace s adorned with great pil.
lars of hewn ſtone, and a Cupilo in falnon of a
Crown, above it. The forepart is terminazed by
four high towers, two towards the north erected b
King James V. and the reſt by King Charles II.
The Inner-Court has Piazza's round it all of hewn
ſtone. But above all, the Long-Galery is moſt re-
markable, being adorned with the pictures of all the
—_ Scotland from Fergas I,
t 20 years ago, the In Were at great War
EXPence to bring one of the Springs of Scorland
into the City ; which they did by leaden Pipes from
a Hill at abbve 3 miles diſtance. And to make it
more convenient, they have erected ſeveral ſtately
Fountains in the middle of the High-ſtreer to ſerve the
town with water.
There is here alſo a College of Juſtice, which
hath its Dean of faculty. They try cheir Incramts [ot
Candidates] and have a Bibliotheque well furniſhed
with Books of Law and Hiſtory.
King Charles the ſecond did likewiſe erect at Edir-
burg a College of Phyſicians, giving them by a Pa-
tent under the Great Seal an ample Juriſdiction within
this City and the Liberties thereof, appointing the
Judicatures to concur to the execution af their De-
creets z by a latter Grant they kave the faculty of
profeſiing Phyſick. They have their conferences
once a month tor the yo; —ervng of Medicine, and
have begun to ereft a Library. Near to this City
is Leith, a convenient harbour for Ships.
As this Country has ar preſent ſeveral conſiderable
Houſes (whereof Hawtbornden is famous for its caves
Chapel ;) fo can ic produceſome remainsof Antiquity. 7!
For near the Town of Cramord, (at which Salmon and
ſeveral other Fiſh are taken) many ſtones have been
dug up with Roman Inſcriptions. Alfo in the grounds
of Igliftown, belonging to Hugh Wallace, were found
not long ago ewo ſtones, parts of a Pillar ; upon one
of which 1s a Lawrel-Crown, upon the other (the
longeſt of the two) there is on each ſide, the Roman
Securs, Thename of the is broken off; bur
by the progreſsof the Roman deſcribed by Tad-
tus, it appears to have been fer up in thetime of Faliw
Agricola's government. And fince-only the Empe-
ror's name is ſtruck off, and ir rs thee by order
of the Senate the Statues and Inſcriptions of Domitien
were defaced ; -one may probably conclude that *rwas
erected in honour of that Emperor. What remains
'of i, is this: |
AVG. COS. IV.
GERMANICYS
PONTIFEX. MAX.
Theſe Stones are to be ſeen in the Garden at Edin-
burgh, belonging to Sir Rebetr Sibbalds, Door of
|
Phyſick. Nexr
—
The Rojal-Palace ( whereof his Grace the Duke of ?.ur.
hewen out of the rock, and Reſin for the * ſtately * 74
—_
a, ©*
” . .
————. ti. — _ : "ey a
a. tb.
——
na {ng
ef
SCOTLA
N\ D. 906
Fx Nextthe Antiquities, * that noted fpring two miles
3 fourth of Edinburgh, deſerves our notice. The name
4 Of iris S:.Carharine*s-Wel}, though *tiscommonly call'd
The Oily Well, becauſe it ſends up along with the wa-
ter an Oi! or Baiſcm which ſwims upon it, *Tisfound
by experiefhce to be exceedi
cure of Scabs, but likewiſe of any pains'proceedin
trom cold, as alſo for Recaethedagatc ping
inco any decaying part. It has two Presbyteries, Edin>
burg and Dalkeic
Cf] The Shire of LINLITHGOW, call'd +/-
Lothian, takes it's name from Linlithgow, the. head
burgh, and has on the north the Forth, 1s divided from
Mid-Lothian toawrds the fouth and eaſt by the waters
p 3b
ech with part of Stirlingfhire, and to the weſt wich pare
of Clidiſdale, *Tisz in length 14 miles, and inbreadth
about nine. Ir affords great ; Coal, Lime-
ſtone, and of White Salt; and in the reign of Kin
James 6. a Silver Mine was found in it, out of whi
they got a great deal of Silver. |
The Town of Linilithgow, mentioned by our Au-
thor, * is a Royal-burgh, well built, and is accommo-
dated with Fountains that furniſh water to the Inhabi-
tants, with a ftately Town-houſe for the og
the Gentry and Citizens, and with a harbour at Black-
neſs. Bur it's greateft ornament is the King's houſe,
which ſtands upon 4 riſing that runs almoſt
into the middle of the Lech, and looks like an Am-
phicheater ; having Terras-walks (as it were) and a
deſcent from them, but upon the top where the
Caſtle ſtands, it is a plain. 'The Courthas apartments
like towers, upon the four corners ; and inthe midlt
'of it a ſtately fountain adorned with ſeveral curious
The Ie Earls of this place, are heredicary
Keepers of it; as they are alſo hereditary Bailifs of
the King's Bailifry, and hereditary Conſtables of the
King's Caſtle of Blackneſs. Near the Palace, upon
a level with it, ſtands the Church, a curious work of
fine ſtone.
. Nor ought we. to omit Borroffoneſs, north irom
hence upon the ſea-coaft, erected into a burgh of
1. by his Grace the Duke of Hamilton ; who
hath in the neighbourhood his caſfle of Kinei/, of
late adorned with large Parks and ſtately Avenues.
Torphichen, to the ſouth of Linlichgow, es alſo
our notice, as being a burgh of Regality, and once
the reſidence of the Knights of Male; but now
—_—
good not only for the-
of Almond and Breichwater : to the north-weſt it meet.
farnes, the water whereof riſes to a good height. |
giveth the title of Lord to the chief of the name of Bakgare.
Sandilands, And Bathgate, the pariſh whereof is
erected into a Sherifdom by it ſelf.
And as the Towns, fo als ſome Houſes of note N:47.,
require our mention. Nidry-Caſtle, ſouthweſt from
Linlichgow, a river, Manor of Sir Charles
Hope, who by theſe lands is hereditary Bailif of the
Regality of Kirkiffon, and by the Barony of Aber-
corn is ary Sheriff of the Shire, - And north pews;
from thence, Dwndaſ, formerly a fortification, now
adorned” with parks and fine wherein are
many Curious: abr the care of that worthy
' Gentleman -Mr., Pairs
Murray, the owner there.
of, who, whilſt he lived; was the ornament of his
C . From whence to the weſt, between this 2iz-.
and Linli , is the Bins, the reſidence of Gene-
ral Dolzll; adorned by his Excellence with Avenues,
large Parks, and fine Gardens: After he had pro-
' cured himſelf a laſting name in the Wars, here it was
| that he fix'd his old Age, and pleaſed himſelf with
the culture of curious Flowers and Plants: And up- wea:s.
on the ſame coaft, Afedop, the reſidence of the Earl
of Linlithpow, famous likewiſe for its fine Gardens,
which the father of the preſent Earl encloſed wich high
walls, furniſt'd with Orange-trees, and ſuch like cu-
rions Exoticks.
But from the preſent places to deſcend to thoſe of
| Antiquity : at the eaſt end of the encloſure of the x;14:.
! Kipps, ſouth from Linlirhbgow, there is an ancient Al-
| car of great ſtones unpoliſt'd, fo placed as each of
them does 1: another, and no one could ſtand
without leaging upon another. Hard by it, there
-are ſeveral greatſtones ſet in a Circle, and in the two
adjacent hills the remains of old Camps, with great
heaps of ſtones and ancient Graves,
Some miles alſo to the weſt of Queens-Ferry upon Abercern
the ſea-coaſt, is Abercorn-Caſtle, near which place **
| Bede tells us the Roman wall began. One may
trace it along towards Cariddin, where a figured ſtone
is to be ſeen, and a gold Medal was found. In a
line parallel, about a mile to the ſouth of this, there
is a Vilage which {till the remains of the old
| wall, being called Waltous.... From the name and the
| arcificial Mount caſt up there, one would believe ic
to be the very place which Bede calls Penvaloun.
The track of the wall appears in ſeveral places be-
rween this and Kinweill, and from thence to Falkirk ;,
| hue we need not here be particular in the Detcription
of it, deſigning a ſeparate diſcourſe upon that ſubje,
| at the end of this Kingdom.
> _—
_ —
—_——
—
—
"dale, Annandale, and Nidifdale, 9 /o called from
knew not ,, to remain in the name Solway.
tary life. But now it 15 a very Caſtle,
which belonged to the Hephurnes, who deduec:
their Original from a-certain iſh Captive, whorn/
the Earl of March, for deliverin out of a danger,
were Earls of Bothwel, and:
+ But
of the Hephurnes, married to Joby nga tkynn ns
ham, a natural ſon of K: James 9. (who Had: ie-'
vreral ſuch iſſue;) both ritle and ettate devolved to
"ſy. his fon. Hard by is Brakenſey, the ſeat of 'the war-
by a ſiſter of James Earl of Borhwell, 'lait
SELGCOVE
Eneath the Gadeni to the South and Weſt (where now Jie the ſtall Territories of Liddeſd
N Lidd:/dale we have a high proſpet of Armi
| DT Le eee oedeon i: | Coun
time Adrairals of Scotland by inhericanes. |
——
a, Euſdale, Ek.
all loſe themſelves in
Rzvulets running through them, which
Solway-Fricth) were anciently ſeated tbe Selgovz ; the reliques of whoſe name ſcem to me, wherher to others too 1
|
of the name,
ay
the'B
HoreSi, For the Þrcih Ac gnihes place
iver Ecke; As for e£/fo in E:kdate, 1 have
i in England, and need noe re-
a |, |
%
i of it
pear it here.
like Family of Backugh, ſirnamed Scot, with many |
—_—_— — PR ——_— ah. ——_— uh.
—_
—————————
9 To which add Wachepdale.
ANNAN:
——
S C/D-T\:
DL A ND.
ANNANDALE
Oined to this on the weſt-fide lies Amnandale,
that is the Valley or Dale'upon the river Amr
- yan, into Which the acces by land is very dit-
| cult. The places of greateſt note are, a
upon Lowgb-Mabgn, which is three parts ſurrounded
with water, and ſtrongly walled. And Annandale
Town, almoſt upon the very mouth: of the river
Annan, diveſted of all its glory by the Engliſh War
in the reign of Edward 6.
In this Terricory the Fonſtons are. men of greateſt
name, a family born for Wars; berween whom and
The Stew- the Maxwells (who by ancient right prelide over the
ory nt Stewartry, for ſo "tis term'd) there hath been too
4a'c. Jong an open enmity and defiance, even to blood.-
ſhed. This Valley Edger wy - of the Scots, upon
his reſtoration to his Kingdom by the Auxiliaries he
had out of England, gave for his good ſervices to
* Robert Brus, Lord of pag x County of
York ; who beſtowed it, by the King's pernithion,
upon Robert his younger ſon, being unwilling himſelf
to ſerve the King of Scots in his Wars, From hun
are branched the Bruſes Lords of Amnandale, of
whom, Robert Bruſe married [/abella the daughter of
William King of Scots by the daughter of Robert
Avenel : his ſon likewiſe, Robert the third of that
name, married the daughter of David Earl of Hun-
tingdon and Garioth; whoſe ſon Robert ſirnamed rhe
The Jon-
ſons.
The
Br«ſes.
ſtle.
| Noble, upon the failure of the iſſue of Alexander the
third, King ef Scotland, challenged in his mother”s
right the Kingdom of Scotland, before Edward 1.
K. of England (as the diret# and ſuperior Lord of the
Kingdom of Scotland, as the Engliſh give out 5 Or, ar
an Honorary Arbitrator, as the Scots will have it ) «
being more nearly related in degree and bloud ro King
Alexander the third, and to Margaret pn to the King
-of Norway, although a ſecond ſiſter's Who ſoon
after reſgning up his own right, granted and gave
jr ers ro _ STOP - 20d of H_ and to
5 beirs, ( out 0 ve riginal) all the
right and claim which be had or might bave to A King.
dom of Scotland, But the point was determined in
favour of Foby Ball (who ſued for his right, as
deſcended from the eldeſt ſiſter, though in a more remote
degree,) in theſe words : Becauſe' che perſon more re-
more in the ſecond degree deſcending in the firſt line, « to
be preferred before a nearer in the ſecond line, in the ſuc.
cel of an inheritance that cannot be parted,
Neverthelefs, the ſaid Robert, to the Earl of
Carriot, by his valour poſleſs'd himſelf of the King-
dom, and eltabliſh'd it in his poſterity. A Prince,
who as he was illuſtrious for his glorious ARons, fo
did he ſucceſsfully criumph over Fortune, (fo often his
Adverſary) with a courage and preſence of mind in-
vincible. |b].
|
NIDISDALE.
Loſe to Annandale on the Weſt lies N:diſdale,
abounding in arable and paſtfte grounds ;
ſo na from the River Nid, by Ptolemy
falſely written Nobixe, for Nodius or Nidins,
The River
Nid.
C
of which name thereare other Rivers in Britain full of
muddy ſhallows, as this Nid is. | It fprings out of the
Cords. Lake Lowgh-Cure, upon which ſtood an y Cords,
a Town of the Selgove. Ir takes its courſe firſt by
off Sanqbar, a Caſtle of the Creightons, who were long
:on; Ba- honoured with the Title of of Sangbar,
rons ot the authority of hereditary Sheriffs of Nidiſdale : next
Farzot by Morton, which gave the Title of Earl to ſome of
Morro. the family of :, of which others-are ſeated at -
Drumlanrig u the ſame River ; near the mouth
whereof ſtands Dunfreys between two Hills, the moſt
flouriſhing Town of this Tra&t, which ſtill ſhews its
ancient Caſtle ; a Town famous for its woollen Ma-
nufafture, and remarkable for the murder of Fobn
Commin, a man of the vreatelt Intereſt the
Scots, whom Robert Bras, left he ſhould _ his
coming to the Crown, ran throngh in the Church,
and eaſily got a pardonof the Pope tor a murder com-
mitted in a ſacred place. Nearer to its mouth, Solway,
a. Villege; {till-retains ſomewhat of the: old name of
Selgove. Upon the very mouth is ſituated Caer- La-
- veroch, Ptolemic*s Carbamorigum, a Fort looked upon
y_ Sf che Evelis Nob 60 pane
wer of the d 1 x t
it. But! now 'tis a weak Manſion-Ho
rons Maxwell, who being -of ancient Nobility, wete |
long Wardens of theſe Weſtern Marches, and lately
advanced by a marriage with a Day and Coheir
of the Eas| of ;Adfortow ;. whereby Lord Max-
well was deciared Earl. of A4orton ; as alſo by the
Daughter and Heir of Heres Lord Torickes, whom J.
a ſecond ſon, took to wife, and had'by -her the title
Baroos of Baron Heres. In this valley alſo, upon the lake,
Herr15.
Danſreys.
of the (Ba- |
lies Glenearn, of which the Cunninghams, about whom Giar
I ſhall ſpeak under another head, long bore the title
of Earls. This Nidiſdale, together with Annandale,
breeds a warlike fort of le, but infamous for
| their depredations. For they dwell upon Solway, a
fordable Arm of the Sea, through which they often
made excurſions .irito for booty ; and in
| which the 'Intiabicants on both ſides, a pleafant ſight
and ſport, bunt. Sahnons (whereof there is great plenty) $1:
with ſpears on hotſeback, or, if you had rather call
it ſo, i for them.
. What manner of Cattle.ftealer: — that inhabic
theſe Valleys in the Marches of Kingdoms,
Fobn Leſley, a Scotchman himſelf, and Biſhop of Ro{s,
\ will inform you. 6 4 ſally out of their own borders in
the night in troops, t Ku unfrequented by-ways, and
imricate windings. All the day time they refreſh
themſelves and their horſes in lurking boles they had pitch'd
upon before, till they arrive in the 1k at thoſe places the
bave a defign upon. As ſoon as they have ſeized upon t
booty, they mn like, manner return f bee in the mg f thro
blind ways, and fetching many a _—_ The more il.
ful any Captain « to £9 through thoſe wild Deſart:,
crooked turnings, and deep precipices, inthe thickeft miſts
and darkneſs, bu | reputation us the greater, and be «
looked upon as 'a man of an excellem bead. And they
mg, that they ſeldom have their booty taken
"ne fonvarimes when by the belp of Bloud.-
lowing: them exattly wpon the track, they may
- wane _— Em hands of their adverſaries.
ng taken, t Jo much perſuaſrue Eloquence, and
ſo 'many ſmoorh | inſinuating words at command, that if
they do not move their s, nay and even their Ad.
verſaries ( notwithſtanding the ſeverity of their natures)
fo bave mercy, yet they incite them to admiration and com-
paſſion, | c
|
Addi-
SCOT
LAND:
Additions to the
fa] T*Hree of thoſe branches which our Author
makes part of the ancient Selgove, viz.
Euſdale, Exkdale, and Lideſdale are reckoned part of
the Shire of Rosbwrgh. That the Horefti mention'd
by Tacitus, were ſeated in the habitations of the ſe-
cond of theſe (as our Author conje&ures) is not by
any means it we conſider the circumſtan.
ces of that Action. It was in the latter end of his
Government, that he led his Forces againſt them: :
whereas, we find, that even in his fourth year, all to
the South of that neck of land between the two
Friths, was added to the Roman Province ; fo that
we muſt go further northward to ſeek for them. And
Tacitus himſelf in effe, forbids us to look after them
hereabouts, when he ſays, that the people againſt
whom Agricola was then fighting, were the Popal;
Caledoniam incolemes, and Nove Gentes; namely, thoſe
beyond the Frichs, who by the fortification of that
neck of land, were Semoti velut in aliam inſulam, i. e.
Drivea as it were into another Iſland. that if
the relation the Horeſt; may have to Esk be of any
moment, it would better ſuit the people dwelling be-
eween Soutb-E:k, and North-E:k in Angus. But that
name really ſeems to imply no more than Op+ 5, the
Mount aincers or High-lander
s,
(Þ The other two Branches, Annandale and N;.
diſdale, tro which we may allo add Wachopdale,make up
oe the Shire of DUMERISE; taking its name from
ſe. from the chief burgh of the Shire. On the weſt it
hath Galloway and Kyle, on the eaſt 'tis bounded with
Solway-Frith, and os March of Scotland and Eng:
land ; on the north with part of Clid/dale, Twedale,
and Tiviotdale, and on the South with the Iriſh-ſea.
From weſt to ſouth-eaſt, *tis about my _ long ;
and in breadth about thirty four. Inhabitants
were a ſtouc x5 okay le, ;c —_—_ drag the =
wark of the Kingdom. il gen is not ſo
good for corn as paſturage ; ſo that they deal moſt-
SELGOYV &
ly in Cows ind Sheep, which turn to conſiderable
gain.
c] ANANDALE runs in a ſtreight line from -Azandsis
welt to eaſt, about twenty four miles in length, and
fourtegn in breadth. Their tradition about the
b<-Maben (mentioned by our Author) is, that a
e ſtood formerly in the middle of it : that which
now ſtands upon the brink is going to decay, The
town of Logh-Maban is a Royal burgh, ſituate 'Logh-Ms:
the ſouth ſide of the water of Aran, in the middle of '**
the Country. Near the ſource of which river ſtands
Moffet, famous for its medicinal-well. Meffet.
Anandale and Eskdale lyeth WACHOP. yackes-
DALE, fo called from the water of Wachop running 4.
through it ; and is much of the ſame nature with the
adjacent Countries already deſcribed. The moſt an-
cient monument remarkable hereabouts is St. Rurh's
_ where 1s a Pillar _—_— engraven; with
ome Inſcription upon it. Near this place the
le have a way of making falt of Seo-finnd; and the
tis ſomething bicteriſh, which probably proceeds
from the niter 1n it. |
Another branch of Dumfriſe is NIDISD ALE, widifate:
encompaſſed with a ridge of Hills on all ſides, and |
in the bottoms has abundance of Corn. Ir is di-
vided into the Overward, containing the Pariſhes in
the Presbytery of Penpont ; and the Netherward, con-
taining thoſe of Dumfriſe Presbytery. Here Sanchar Sovcher.
is famous for its Caſtle, the reſidence of the Duke of
Queensbury, who hath built a noble houſe at Drwmla.
nerick, and is now adorning it with ſtately avenues,
ardens, and Terras-walks. Within this tra alſo
15 Dumfriſe, upon the river Nth, over which there is Dumfriſe;
a ſtone bridge of nine arches. The ſtreets are large,
and the Church and Caſtle very ſtately. For the
convenience of Trade (which is much helpt by the
tide flowing up to the town, and making a harbor)
| they have an Exchange for the Merchants.
NOV A
«= 1
#nd Cunningham.
NTES:.
Ext to Nidi{dale, the Novantes inhabited that tratt in the V alleys which ſpreads it ſelf & great way to-
wards the Weſt, yet ſo bollow'd with Creeks, that now and then it 1s ſtreightned into a narrow breadth,
and again, at the fartheſt end, looſens and widens it ſelf out with greater liberty ; whence ſome have calPd
he Cherſondlius, or Peninſula, of the Novantes. But now their Country comains, Galloway, Carick, Kyle,
Alleway,in Latin writers of the middle age,
Gahwallia and Gallovidia (taking its name
from the Iriſh, who were its ancient 1n-
habitants, and called themſelves ſhort in
| their own e Gael) is a hilly , better
for ſeeding of Cattle than bearing of Com. The Inha-
bicants follow Fiſhing,as well in the ſea round abour,
25in the rivers and loughs that ſtand every where un-
der thehills; in which, about , they catch
"** an incredible number of Et the:
» by whuch they are no lefs gainers, than ir little
| EN CE Etouned
of their bodies, and their enduring of labour, are
7. much bought up here. cheſe, the firſt
Place that it ſelf upon the river Des (menti-
oned by Prolemy, which yer keeps its name, being
* Gall Dee) is Kircowbright, the moſt convenient haven
G-4 L L
OW AY.
of this Coaſt, and one of the Stewartries of Scotland,
which belongs to the Maxwels, Then Cardines, a
Fort upon the river Fleet, built upon a craggy and
high rock, and fortify'd with ſtrong Walls. Hard
by,the river Ken (by Tactny Rn corruptly )falls
into the Sea. Next, #igton, a Port with a very narrow
entrance berween the two ftreams, Baiidnoo and Cres,
reckoned among the Sheriffdoms, over which fy * Jonel)
new of the Iſle preſides. It formerly had for its Earl, «x jul.
Archibald » famous in the French War ; and xarls of
now hath (by the favour of King James) Fohbn Wigrnn.
Hleming, who derives his pedigree the ancient
Earls of —_—_—_-- "EE ELET]
Near this, Ptolemy fixes the City Lexcopibia, which Ef
I know not really where to look for. Yet by the
place, it ſhould ſeem to be that Epiſcopal See of
Ninian , which Bede calls Candida Caſa; ——_
q g-
- ws ] - 4.4L — + Las
"FCOTTAND
——_— — —— —— ——
Engliſh and Scots in the ſame ſence © Whic-berne. What
then, it Ptolemy, as he did uſually, tranſlate Candida
Caſa, which was the name the Britains gave it, into
Aevx* eiz/lhe in Greek, that is, white Hoyſes ; inſtead
of which, the Tranſcribers have obrruded Leucopibia
_ upon us. In this place Ninia or Nimian, the Britain,
a holy man, (the firſt that inſtructed the Southern
Pits in the Chriſtian Faith, in the reign of Theodo-
ſius the Younger) had his reſidence, and built a
Church, dedicated to St. Martin, the form whereof
(as Bede obſerves) was contrary to the Britiſh build-
ings. The ſame Author tells us, that the Engliſh in
his time, held this Country, and when the number
of the Faithful encrealed, an Epiſcopal See was ereCt-
ed at this Candida Caſa. A little higher there 1s a Pe-
ninſula, with the Sea inſinuating it ſelf on both ſides,
which by a narrow neck is joyned to the main land.
This is properly call\d Nowvantum Cherſonefſms and
Promontorium commonly the Mull of Galleway.
ond this Northward, is an
Iflands, and of a mighty compaſs ; into which abun:
dance of rivers on all {ides have their influx. Burt firſt
of all from the very point of the Promontory, A-
bravanus, which being a little miſplac'd, is ſo term-
ed by Ptolemy, for Aber-ruanw, that is, the mouth
of the river Ruan, For at this time ?tis call'd the river
Nevuan-
tum Pre-
montori-
PLA
Rian, and the Lake out of which it runs, Lowgh-Rzan,
admirably well ſtocke with herrings, and a fort of
® Caxati.
les piſces.
L ” ds of
Galloway.
* Gudgeons.
This Galloway had its own Princes and Lords in
ancient times ; of whom the firſt recorded in Chro-
nicle, was Fergaſaw, in the reign of Henry che firſt
# [t is in Saxon Hwit-erne ; the latter part erne, in Saxon, hgnifying
thern men [nkern) originally implics no more than 2 weſſel 1» genera
Bay full of
of England, who gave for his Arms, 4 Lion Rampant
Argent, crowned [ Or] in a Shidld Azure, Afffcer ma-
ny Troubles he had raiſed, he was driven to fuch
ſtreights by King Malcolm, as to give his. Son Uch.
tred tor an hoſtage, and being grown weary of the
world, to take upon himſelf the habit of a Canon at
Holyrood Houſe at Edenborough. As for Uctered,
Gilbert his younger brother rook him Prifoner in a
fight, awd afrerhe had cut out his Tongue, and pulled
out his Eyes, moſt miſerably deprived him both
of life and eſtate. Bur within ſome few years after
Gilbert was dead, Roland, the Son of Uchtred reco-
vered his father's inheritance 3. who, of a lilter of
William Morvill, Conſtable of Scotland, begat Alan,
Lord Galloway, and Conſtable of Scotland. Alan,
by Margaret, the eldeſt daughter of David Earl of
Huntingdon, had Dervogilda, the wife of fobn Ba;.
liol, and mother of Fobn Balliol, King of Scotland,
who contended with Robert Bras for that Kingdom,
and by a former Wife, as it ſeems, he had Helen,
married to Roger Quincy, an Engliſh man, Earl of
Wincheſter, who upon that account, was Conſtable
of Scotland ; as was likewiſe Wiliam Ferrers, of Gro.
by, grand-ſon of the (aid Roger, by a daughter and
coheir. But theſe Engliſhſoon loſt their inheritance
in Scotland, as alſo the dignity of Conſtable ; which
the Commins, Earls of Bughuan had, deſcended like- Nov
may) |
wile of a daughter of Roger Quincy, untill it was
transferred unto the Earls of Arrol.
of Lord of Galloway fell afterwards to the Family of
Douglaſs. \ a]
an
ly
St
any ſort of weſſe!: and fo our Engliſh word Ink-horn (called by our Nyc
ink. 6 *'Tis now an Earidom in the Family of the Srewar7;.
Arrid follows next, a Country fruitful in
paſtures, and abundantly furniſhed with
commodities both by land and ſea. Here
Ptolemy places both * Rerigonium a creek,
and Rerigonium a Town, For which, in a very anci-
. en Copy of Ptolemy, printed at Rome in 1480, we
CA RBRS4L4 iT
| and juriſdiction, are called Bailsfs, a term coin'd in
the middle age, and ſignifies amongſt the Grecks,
Sicilians, and French, a Conſervator or Keeper. But gl
Not to men. ©"!
Carritt, in former times had its Earls.
tion Gilbert of Galloway*s Son (to whom King Will,
am gave Carridt entire, to be poflefled for ever) we
Aire, place of note here ; perhaps Aire, which is a She.
0”).
__ have Berigonium : So that I cannot chuſe but think it | read that Adam of Kilconath, about 1270, was Earl
Bargexy. Was that which is now called eny. A Lord it | Carrict, and died in the Holy War ; whoſe only
The Kn- hath, of the Family of the Kennedjes (which came | Daughter Martha fell ly in love with Robert Bras,
7% outof Ireland in the reign of Robert Brws) noble, nu- | a beautiful young Gentleman, as ſhe ſaw him a hun.
Fails of TRETOUS, and powerful in this craft, The head of it | ing ; made him her Husband, brought him the title
Caſit, B Earl of Cafjls, the name of a Caſtle upon the Ri- | and eſtate of Earl of Carri#, and bore hini Roberr
ver Dun, which is his ſeat ; upon whoſe banks he | Bras, that famous King of Scotland, the four of
"RENE hath another call'd Dunnur Caſtle ; he is likewiſe he- | the royal Line. Bur the title of Earl of Garfict be-
Col. Teditary Bailiff of this Province. For this, with Kyle | ing for ſome time left to the younger Sons of the Fa-
and Cunningham, are the three Baileries of Scotland ; | mily of Bras, afterwards became art : to the
becauſe they that govern theſe with ordinary power | other Honors of the Princes of Scotland.
c Probably the ſame with the bay of Glenluce. TN OM EEE TAS
K Y FF E. we
Ye is next, lying more inwardly upon the | riffdom, a little Mart, and a well known Port upon
Pay, a plentiful , and well inha- | a river of the ſame name *. Concerning which, I *5
An. 750; bired. In Bede's Auiarimm (or Supple- | can meet with nothing better worth my writing, ©;
ment) it is called Camper Cyel, and Coil; | than theſe Verks ſem me by Mr, Fobnfton.
where it is recorded, that Eadbert, King of the Nor. p PRE F "POE 14 þ
chumbers, added this, with other Terrtories, to his mort grey bn ne meet, pr heres
Nidegars. Kingdom. In Prolemy*s time, 4 Videgara was a 'c.ks yo on gaoreeyeife®natngs 2
erw 8 campus hanrit Sw ma celum
Incubat & miti mollior aurs felo,
« Now poſſibly called Loch-Rian
— —
912
Bur * the title «on i
the |
—
tar
of
Y
= * 5v = a ws. ib ans oa a as ©
SCOTLAND. ©
9
Bru |
A<cria binc, non Ara prius, credo, illa vocata eſt,
Cum durs quid cim mel jurss babent ? F
era cum ſupers | ponere fas e
heres fir” det louis ho rims 2h
Small is the town, but of great Souls is prowd,
For courage fam'd, and Gs of noble blood.
From cars Clay ore ofairdeſcend,
And gentle es bleſs the fruicful land.
Old times (if Poets have a right to guebs)
Not e/fria, but Aerie call'd the place, :
Rouph braſs could ne're ſuch ſoft delightsexpreG.
If I ſo high might raiſe my noble theme,
Pd fwear that Awrea was the ancient name.
Beſides the River Aire, there are two other Rivu-
lets that water this ſmall Territory, having many. lit-
tle villages ſcattering upon hair banks : Lowgar, upon
which the Crawfords, and Ceſnock, upon which the
Cambells have their reſidence, noted families in this
tract ; _ whoſe bank is alſo Uchiltre. Caſtle, the Uchiltre:
Seat of the Stewarts of the blood Royal, as deſcend- ® %*&
from the Dukes of Albany, hence ſtiled Barons ©
_—_— ; of which Houſe _ that Robert Stewarr,
inſeparable companion of the Prince of C
who was kill'd with him in a battle in France. ye
bel of Louden enjoys the honour of Hereditary Bailiff
of this Kyle.
O Kyle, upon the Welt and North, is joyn-
ed Cunningham, and ſo hems in the fame
Bay, that it ſtreightens its hitherto expati-
ating breadth. name ſignifies as much
as the King's habitation ; whence you may conjecture
its pleaſantne. It is water'd by the Irwin, which
divides it from Kyle; at the head almoſt of which
river, we have a ſight of Kilmarnock, the Seat of the
Barons Boids. In the reign of Ki James the third,
Thomas, one of theſe, was by a gale of Court-favor,
advanced to the authority of Regent, and Robert his
Son, to the Honour of Earl of Array, and a marri-
age with the King's Siſter. Bur upon the ſame gale's
blowing contrary, they were adjudged enemies to
the State ; Robert had his Wiſe taken from him, and
given to Fames Hamilton; their Eſtates were confiſca-
ted ; ſtript of all by the incenſtancy of fortune,
they died in exile. Yet their poſterity recover'd the
ancient honour of Barons, and enjoy it at this day.
Upon the mouth of the river Irwin ſtands, * a Bo-
rough, with a Port ſo choaked up with banks of
fand, and ſo ſhallow, that it is only capable of ſmall
Veſſels. Higher up ſtands 4rdroſſan, a Caſtle of the
Montgomenes,hanging (as it were) overthe bay; this
is an ancient and noble family, whichcan ſhew, asa
proof of their Marſhal valour, Pownuny out
of the ranſom-money of Henry Percy, ſirnamed Hor.
, whom J. Montgomery took with his own hand
in the Battle at Otterburne, and brought away Pri-
ſoner. Not far from Ardroſlan is Largs, embru*d
in the blood of the wg x by King Alexander
the third. From whence, tollowing the winding of
e It hath a Viſcount of the family of Ingrem.
CUNNINGHAM
the ſhore, we meet with Eglington-Caſlle,
once pol.
ſeſſed ay
Gentlemen of that name, from whom it
to the Montgomeries, who take hence the Menrge-
RNS.
But whence this Sx came, is hard to gueſs. ggting:on.
That out of Normandy it came into England, and
that there were ſeveral Families of that name, I am
latisfied. Bur that in Eſſex, from which Sir Thomas
Montgomery, Knight of the Garter, in the reign of
Edward the was » gave Artns but
a little different from theſe,
But this noble Houſe hath dilated it ſelf very much,
and out of thoſe of Geven was that Gabriel de Lorges,
calle! Earl of Moni » Captain of the Scorch
Guard du Corps (that was inſtituted by Charles the
fifth, King of France, for a Guard to him and his TheScorch
Succeſlors, as a fi " nar
vour) who in a 'Tournament ſlew Henry the ſecond *rance.
rm, EA with a Splinter of his Spear, which
(his ] rer chancing robe up) penecraedrhrouph the
eye into his brain. Afterwards, taking part withthe
Huguenots in the Civil wars of France, he was inter-
cepted and beheaded. Bur the Family of the Cu. Cuming-
nenghams is accounted the moſt numerous in ch
Cairn.
mark of their fidelity and fa. ©" 99
ther
Canterbury. How
haps it may be upon |
taken hoe Reco Pall, which they give in
| their Coat of Arms. [b
TheIland GLOTT A or ARRAN:
Ithin ſight of Cunningham,
many other Iſlands
greateſt eminence z an Iſland men-
Y
the bottoms The
_— ane Oy oats wing Son or Bod,
whole ite and Idom together, upon þ s being
baniſhed the Kingdom, Femes Hamilton (as I ment-
oned before) and his Polterity have en-
joyed the fame; ſaving that of late Fames Steward,
appointed Guardian to James Hamilton, Earl of Ar-
ran (when he was I II egng,
that he could not manage his Eſtate) took this Ti
in the right of being guardian.
y» Glotta is of
Near unto this ſtands B«the, called from a little
Religious Cell founded by Brendawes (for fo in Scotch
the call a Cel) which has a Sheriff of the Fatnily of
the Stewarts. _ 0s CO I
gives the Title of Duke to the of the King
of Scotland (who b hem Fong of Bn
Rothſay, and High Steward of Scotland) ever ſince
King Robert the third inveſted Devid his eldeſt Son,
Duke of Rothſay ; who was the firſt in Scotland that
was honoured with the Ticle of ORR
Title honoured Henry Darksy,
Fan yard rudy her Husband. Afffeer in
the fame Bay, we have a ſight of Hellen, antiently
Hellan-Leneow, that is, £ 1
to F. Fordow's in-
tion, The Saints Iſland
terpreta ellan Ti
py the Iſland of Hogs, nick canes chr col
note,
M m oi Additions
Chiydeſ.
dalc.
A Gold
Mine.
® ru
fays Earls
of Craw-
4.
Baron So-
mervd.
The Dou-
galls.
FCOTLAND.
the Sheriffdom-of Aire.
n the ſouth the Iriſh Sea; upon | exceeding induſtrious,
ws feng = Clyde ; upon the abs Coick "Tis divided into three Baileries, Carick, Kyle, and
and Kyle, and to ; & north-eaſt the river of Nitb. | Cunningham, The moſt conſidedrable Loch in it, is
"Tis in length, from North-eaſt to South-weſt, about that of Dwn, fix mile in length, and two in breadth,
ſeventy miles ; in breadth, from North to South, in , with an Iſle in it, upon which is an old houſe, call'd
in others 20. and in others only | Caftle-Duzs. Upon the Water Down is a bridge of
ſixteen. It is divided into the Higher and Lower | one arch, ninety foot long.
Country. The Higher lyes between the water of | But the moſtnoted place in theſe is Aire, the
A making the Sheriffdom. ' mark
The Lower takes up the reſt, namely, all upon the | ſituation isIn a fandy plain; yer hath ir pleaſant and ws
water of Cree, making the Stewardry of Kilcumbright, fruitful fields, with Greens which afford a good pro.
The plenty of paſtures induces them to keep .vaſt | ſpe both winter and fummer. The Church i;
flocks of Sheep ; as alſo of Cows, which they ſend into | ſtately enough, and there is a bridge of four arches
England in great numbers, when there is no Pro- | which joyns it to the New-Town, feared on the north
the weſt, the Fru
ſome places 24
C+ce and the point or Mu
hibicion.
[b] The ſecond part of the Novantes is faid to be but that is now loſt. By the King's Parent, it is the
the Sheriffdom of Aire (fo called from the Town of Sheriff's Seat, having within its Juriſdiction thirty
Aire, the head Burgh of the ſhire) weacy ben — two'miles.
onged to
part of this tract ſeems rather to have
the Dammii. |
The country is hounded onthe north by the Shire | King's Chapel, which King Roberr de Bras ſet apart
of Rainfrew, So the ſouth wich' Gallowey, on the eaſt | for the maintenance of Lepers. F
with Cl;4/dale, and on the weſt with the Frith of
Additions to the NOY ANTE S.
[a] VE Country of the Nowantes, is Galloway, and | Clyde. Ir generally | qc good ſtore of Corn and
Gralfs, is very populous, and the Inhabitants ofic are
' chief market-town, in the weſt of Scotland. * It's Thr
ſide of the water.
The ancient name of this Aire was St. Fobn*s Town,
A mile north of the Town, not far from the ſea+
ſhore, ' there is a Lazer-howuſe, commonly called the
—_—_—_—
—_ -
——_—_—_
B
DAMNTILI
Eyond the Novantes along the Rrver Glotta and Cluyde, aud farther up even to the very Eaſtern ſea, dwelt
the Damnii z and if I have any judgment, ( for who can
in ſo much obſcurity ? ) in Cluydeſdale, the Barony of Re
the certainty of things at ſuch a diftence, and
, Eenox, Sterling, teith, and Fife.
w
y—_
ford-Moor among the waſts, certain Hus-
bandmen of the Country, after violeat
Rains, happened to find a ſort of ſhavings
of Gold ; which hath long given great hopes of much
riches, more eſpecially in our times, ſince B. Bul-
mer hath undertaken with great application to
find out a Mine of Gold. They certainly dig up
daily * the Laps Lazali with little or no labour. Craw-
rum. ford.Caſtle, together with the title of Earl of Craw-
The Lind-
ford, was conferr?'d by K. Robert the 2. on [Fames
Lindeſay.; who in a ſingle Combat with Baron Welles
an Engliſhman, got much commendation for his va-
lour. The Lindſays have generally deſerved well
of their Country, and are of antient Nobility 3
ever ſince William Lindeſay married one of the Heirs
of William de Lancaſter, Lord of Kendal in Eng-
land, whoſe great grand-daughter was married into
the obonrable + family of Coucy in France. The
Cluyd, after, with much ſtrugling, it hath forced its
way Northward by the feat of Baron Somervill, re.
ceives from the Weſt the river Duglas or Douglas, to
called of its dark greeniſh water. This river gives
name to the Valley through which it runs, called
Dowglaſdale, and to the Caſtle therein, which gives
its name to the family of m—__ This family is
Dongla& Very antient, but hath been molt eminent ever ſince
or Duglas Fames Douglas ſtuck always very Cloſe to King Robert
Brws, and was ever ready with extraordinary courage,
and ſingular prudence to affilt him, while he claim*d
the Kingdom in thoſe troubleſom times; to him it
was that che ſame Robert gave his heart in charge to
be conveyed to the Holy Land, tor the performance
of his Vow. In memory whereof the Douglaſſes has
inſerted a Man's heart in their Coat of Arms. Since
when, this family hath grown up to ſuch mighty
CLUYNDESDALE Pp,
EAR the head of the Cluyde, in Craw- |
power and (elpecially after William's being
created Earl of las by David the 2.) that they
| have awed oven the Kings themſelves : for almoſt at
th: ſame time, it had fix Earls of it, viz. of this
Douglas, of Angus, Ormond, Wigton, Murray, and of
Morton ; amongſt whom the Earl of #igton for his
Martial valour, and in requitat of his good ſervices,
was honour'd by K. Charles the 7. of France, with
the Title of Duke of Towrain, and left the ſame to —_
ewo Earls of Douglaſs his heirs. To
Above. the confluence of the Douglas and the
Cluyde, lies Laverick, the hereditary Sheriffdom of '**
the Hamiltons, who owe their name to Hamilton.Caſte, iu
ſeated ſomewhat higher upon the Cluyd's bank, in a
place extremely pleaſant and fertile -#-, but their ori- *%
ginal is from England, as they give out, from a cer-
tain Engliſhman, firnamed Hampton, who taking part Tie!
with Robert Brus, received from him large: poſlefſi- =
ons 1n this tract: Their Eſtate was much augmented
by King James the 3d's liberaliry, who gaye his.own
eldeſt tifter (after he had taken her from Boid) in mar-
riage to James Hamilton, together with the Earldom
of Arran: but their Honours, by the States- of the
Kingdom, who after the death of King James 5. or-
dained James Hamilton, this Lord's Grandſon, Regent
of Scotland, who waslikewiſe made Duke of Chaſteas- ,,,
Heralt im Poictou,by Henry the-2. King: of France : Chit
as alſo by K. James 6. who created- his fon John,
Marquiſs of Hamilton, a title new, and'never us*d'be- Ham
fore in Scotland. |
The Gletta or Cluyd runs from hence by Bothwel, Ex'
proud. of its Eark, viz. Fobn Ramſey, too great 2 _m
creature of K. James the 3d's, to his own and the
Prince's ruin ; and the Hepbwrns, of whom: before.
Then ic runs ſtreight through Glaſgow, antiently a G's
L
Biihop's ſee, but long diſcontinned, till reſtored by
K. William
SCOTL AN D.
—
1f+
_ miles broad, excellently well ſtocked with fiſh,
ſh
d. AL-Clud, fo called by the antients.
K. William.
verſity, founded by Bi
vancement of Religion, built a
the moſt celebrated Mart of this Tr
mended for its pleaſant ſituation and plenty of Fruit;
here.
having alſo a handſome bridge ſupported with eight
#2 Arches? 7 abojes is
51085
Of which, thus 7. F
Non te Pontificum Iuxms, non Infula tamtum
Ornavit, diri que tibi cauſa mali,
Glottiade, quantum decorant Te, Glaſcua, Muſe,
Que celſum attollunt clara ſub aſtra caput. ©
Glotta, decus rerum, piſcoſis nobilis undis,
Finitimi recreat jugera leta ſoli.
Aff Glotte deems, & wieims gloria terrs,
Glaſcua facundat flumine cunita ſus,
Not haughty Prelates e'er adorn'd thee fo,
Nor ſtately Mitres cauſe of all thy woe,
As Cluyd's muſes grace thy bleſt abodes,
And lift thy head among the deathleſs gods.
_— great flood ! for plenteous fiſh renown'd,
gentle ſtreams that cheer the fruitful grgund.
But happy Glaſcow, Cluyd's chiefeſt pride,
Glory of that and all the world beſide, |
Spreads round the riches of her noble cide.
Now an Acrchbiſhoprick and an Uni-
Turnbull, who for the ad-
It is
much com-
On this ſide the ar! bs upon its banks, lies the
Barony of Reinfraw, ſo called from its principal Town,
which may ſeem to be Ptolemy's Randvara ; on the raw
River Cathcart, upon which the antient Baron of g,.,,, *
Cathcart hath his habitation. Near adjoyning (for Cathcart.
this lictle Province is full of Nobility) lies Cruzkfor, Cruikiton
antiently the ſeat of the Lords of Darley, from whom
by right of marriage it came to the Earls'of Lenox;
whence Henry the Father of King James the 6. was
call'd Lord Darley. Halkead, the refidnce of the Ba- Barons of
rons of Ros, ed originally of Engliſh bloud, **
as deriving their Linage from that Robert Roos of
Nel rm as 'who la Zagd, and 1” w_ the Al.
egiance 0 ing. 0 ots. Paſlay, tormerly a Paſlay.
famous Monaſtery tounded zby Alexander the 4
High Steward of Scotland, interior to few for its no-
ble Church, and rich furniture *: But now by
favour of K. James 6. it gives a ſeat, and the citle of
Baron to Claud Hamilton, a younger fon of the Duke
of Caſtle-Heralt. And Sempill, whoſe Lord is Baron
Sempill, and by antient right Sheriff of this Barony.
But I have read, that the title of Baron of Reinfraw,
by a peculiar right belongs to the Prince of Scot-
206 (b]
Barons of
Renfraw.
Barons
Sewpil,
—
—_—
LE NNORX
Long the other ſide of the Cluyd, above
Glaſcow, Levinia or Lennox, runs a long
way Northward, amongſt a continued fe-
ries of hills ; taking its name from the
A
- River Levin, Ptolemy's Lelanonues, which falleth into
” the Cluyde, out of Logh-lomund, a Lake, that dilates it
ſelf under the mountains, rwenty miles long, and
pecially one ſort peculiar to it, (they call it Pollac.)
It hath likewiſe many Iſlands in it, concerning which
there uſe to be many Traditional ſtories amongſt the
ordinary ſort of people. As for the Floating-I/land
here, I ſhall not call the truth of it in queſtion; for
what ſhould hinder a body from ſwimming, that's
dry and hollow like a pinace, and hghter than ordina-
ry. Pliny tells us, that certain green Iſlands cover'd
' with reeds and ruſhes, float up and down in the
lake of YVa2dimon, But I leave it to the Neighbours,
that know the nature of this piace, to be Judges, whe-
ther this old Diſtick of our Necs..- be true or no :
Ditatur fluviis Albania, ſaxea ligna
Dat Lomund mulia frigiditate potens.
Scotland's enrich'd with Rivers, Timber thrown
Into cold Lomund?s waters, turns to ſtone.
There are many Fiſhermens Come round about
upon the banks of the Logh ; but nothing worth our
> notice, except Ki/moreonock, a fine Houſe of the Earl
of Caſſil, ſeated upon the Eaſt ſide ; which hath a
delicate proſpe& into the Logh. But at the influx of
the Levm, out of the Logh into the Cluyde, ſtands
obſerves,
that it ſignifies the Rock Cluyde, but I know not in
what language, Ar-Cluid in the Britiſh gn_ ſig-
nifies «pon Cluid, and Cluid in old Engliſh ſignify*d a
Rock. Succeeding ages call'd it Dwnbritton, that is,
it. the Britains Town, (and corruptly by a tranſpoſition
of letters, Dunbarton, | becaulc the Bricains held it a
| long time againſt the Scors, Pits, and Saxons. For
both by nature and ſituation, it is the ſtrongelt Caſtle
in all Scotland, fixt upon a craggy two-headed Rock,
at the confluence of the Rivers, uw a green plain.
Upon one of its heads, ſtands a high Watch-Tower ;
on the other, which is ſomewhat lower, many
ſtrong Towers. It hath but one aſcent to it, and
that on the North-ſide, berween the two heads ;
having ſcarce room enough to paſs one by one, by
ſteps cut out of the rock croſswiſe with a world of
labouf. Upon the Weſt-fide, the Levin; upon the
South, the Cluyde ſerve inſtead of ditches. Eaſtward
lies a Morafs, which every Tide is wholly under wa-
ter. Towards the North ic is very weil ſecur'd by
the ſteepnefs of its ſituation. Here ſome remains of
the Brxains,who (as Gildas writes) generally retreated for
ſh:iter, and entrench'd themſelves upon the tops of craggy
anacceſſuble mountains in thick Forreſts, and Rocks upon the
Sea ſhore, .preſuming upon the natural ſtrength-of the
place, 6. their own Courage, defended themſelves
aker the of the Romans, for 300 years, in
the very mid(t of their Enemies. For in Bede's time
(as he himſelf writes) ic was the beſt fortify'd City
the Britains had, But in the year 756. Eadbert King &. Hoye-
of Northumberland, and Oeng King of the Pits, 9". -
with their joynt Forces ſhut it up on every ſide, and
drove it to that extremity, that it was ſurrender'd
upon Articles. Of this place, the Territory round
t is called the Sheriff dom of Dunbarton, and hath
bong had the Earls of Lennox for Sheriffs, by inheri-
tance.
Now, as for the Earls of Lenox (not to mention 71. p41
thoſe more antient) one Duncan was Earl of Lennox of Lennox
inthe Reign of Robert the 2, who died, and left two
only D rs behind him: Oneof which was mar-
ry*d to Alan Stewart, who was deſcended from Ro-
bert, a younger ſon of Walter the 2. High Steward Stewarr.
of Scotland, -and a Brother of Alexander Stewart the
2. founder of the royal line of Scotland. For this il-
luſtrious Family took its name from that Honourable
Office of High Steward of the Kingdom, that is, he
that had the charge of the Revenues of the Crown.
This Alan had iſſue Fobn Earlof Lennox, and Rober:
made Captain of the Scotch Guard d Corps, ( firſt Ser
rais'd by the French King, Charles the 6.) in recom- _—
pence of the good ſervices. that nation had done the France.
Crown of France ; as alſo Lord of Aubigny in Au- |
vergne by the ſame King, as a reward of his valour.
John had iſſue Marrbew Earl of Lennox, who marry*d
t r.of Fames Hamiltow by Mariona, 1
ter to King James the 2. by whom he had John Earl
of Lennox; who taking up. arms to deliver King
James the 5. out of the hands of the Douglaſſes and
Hamiltons, was kill'd by his Uncle the Earl of Arran.
This John had iſſue, Marrbew Earl of Lennox, who
after many troubles in France and Scotland, found
fortune more in England, by the favour of
K. Henry the 8. when he beſtow'd npon him his
fiſter*s daughter in marriage, with a large eſtace.
The iſſue of this happy match were Henry and Charles; 1.
Henry, b of Scots, had James the 6, of Gras
King of Great Britain, born by the propitiqus favour 5%
of heaven, at:a moſt | re, to unite in one
Imperial Body the Britiſh World, divided before as
M m m 2 well
— —
SCOTLAND :
fince the relgn of Charles the 6. there were of this Lord ,
line Lords of Aubigny in France, the ſaid Robert be. #1
for&-natned, and Bernard, or Eberard (under Charles
the 8. and Lewis the 12.) tranſmitted to poſterity by
{ Paulus ] Jovius wich much Tommendation for his
valiant perfortnances in the War of Naplcs. He was
a moſt iaithful companion of Henry the 7. when he
came for England ; and uſed for his Device a Lion
*between backles, wich this motto, Diſfantia Fungit, be. *'*
cauſe by his means the Kingdom of France and Scor.**"
land, 74 far diſtant, were joyned together by a ſtrid p,,,,
league of Friendſhip : As likewiſe Rabert Stewart,
Lord D'Aubigny of the fame family, a Mareſcal of
France under Lewis XI. who for the ſame reaſon usd
the Royal Arms of France with Buck/es Or in a
Bordure Gules z which have been ever ſince born 3
by the Earls and Dukes of Lennox [ c].
9ng
well in ic if, as from the reſt of mankind; and (as
we hope and pray) to lay a ſure foundation of ever-
laſting fecurity for childrens childreh, for ever. As
for Charles, hs had iflue, one only daughter, Atabella,
a Lady that made fo grear progreſs in learning above
the uſual capacity of tft, 2s led her to true vit-
eue, with the highelt þfaife ah cothmendation, atid
made her fit to be compar'd with the Ladies of anti-
ent times. When Charles was dead, aftet- the Earl-
dom of Lennox ( whereof he ſtbod enfeffed ) was
by authority of Parliatnefit revoked in the year 579.
and his Uncle Robert, Biſhop of Cathnefs, bore
chis title for ſome time,(in lieu whereof he had of the |
King the honour of Eatl of March, ) King James
conſerr'd the title of Duke of I #tinox upon Eſ- Ste. |
art, fon of John Lord D'Aubigny, the ſecond Bro-
ther of Matthew Earl of Lennox aforeſaid ; which
kis ſon * Lodowick (or Lews) enjoys at this day. For
2. Lodowick Eſme. Ho". 3. Quarterly with the Arms of Steward. Hol.
—— en
aw
STERLING Sherifidom.
IMP. CASARI
T. #LIO HADRI
ANO ANTONINO
AVG. PIO P.P.
VEXILLATIO
LEG. XX. VAL. VIC. F.
PER MIL. P. UL
Terlingſbire borders to the North-eaſt upon Len-
nox, ſo named from irs principal Town : for
the fruicfulneſs of ics ſoil, and the great reſort
of Gentry, ourdone by no County in Scot-
land. Here is that narrow neck of Land, by which
Glotta and Bodotria, or ( to uſe the language of theſe:
times) Dunbritton Frith, and Edenborouph Frith, Arms
of different ſeas, coming a great way up, are kept
from joyning. ans 1p in ar Apricela, who went
thus far and farther, fi obſerv', and fortified this
ſtreight with Garifons ; by which means all Britain
on this ſide, was then in the Romans poſleflion ; and
cheir Enemies removed, as it were into another Iſland ;
ſo thar Tacitus was right in his judgment, that there
was to other hound of Britain to be ſought for. Nei-
ther indeed, in after times, did either the Valour of
their Armies, or the Glory of the Roman name,
(which could fearce be ftopped ) puſh on the limits
of their Empire farther in theſe parts; although they
harrafled them ever now and then with mrodes.
But then, after this glorious expedition, Agricola was
recalPd, and Britain (as Tacitus fays) lay wegletted, nor
was poſleflion of it kept thus far. For the Caledonian
Britains drove the Romans 'back as far as the River
Tine; infomnch, that Hadrian that came irito Bri-
tain about 4o years aſter, and reformed many things
in it, made no farther progreſs, bue commanded that
The God the God Terminns (who was wont to give ground to
Termmw none) ſhould yield ro Hadrian, and retire backwards
out of this place, as he had done in the Eaſt on this
ſide Euphrates. Whence thac of St. Auguſtine, 7he
Avg. de God Terminus, which gave not place to Jove, way
Civ. DeiJl. to the will of Hadfian, yielded to the raſlmeſs of Julian,
+ &29: yielded to the 'meceſſity of Jovian. So that Hadrian
thought it enotſgh to make a Turf-Wall'berween the
rivers Tine and 'Esk, and 100 miles ſouthward on
this ſide E denbord#gb:Frith. But Antoninus Pius,who
ing adopted 'by Hadrian bore his namne, ſtiled Tits
e/Elizs Hidrianns' Antoninus Pius, under the condut of
Lollizs Urbiews, whom he had ſent his Lieutenant,
repelled again the Barbarians to be Edenbo.
At Cadir, where this latter Inſcription is extant,there
15 another ſtone to be ſeen, wherein, within a Laurel
Garland ſupported by two little i&tories one reads
thus ;
LS i
I I
A V C.
F ECG
And in a Village, called Miniabruch, this inſcrip-
tion was removed out of a Miniſter's houſe into a
Gentleman's then in building.
But when, in the Reign of Commodus, the barba-
rous nations had paſs'd over the wall, and had much
harrals'd the country ; Severus ( as I have already
ſaid )repaired the Wall-of Hadrian. But afterwards,
che Romans again brought under their ſabjeion all
— fixed in the wall of a houſe
rough Frith, and built another Turf-Wall beſides that
of Hadrian, accotding to Capitelinns, To prove
which wall to havebeen made inthisvery place we ate
now treating, of, and not by Severus,(as commonly be.
lieved) I'will produce no other Witneſſes than rwo
antienc 'Inſcriprions dng up here; one of which is
/at "Cadir, and informs
us, that the Legio Secunda Auguſta built the wall for | bawin
.three miles and more ; the other is in the Earl Mar-
jhal's Houſe at Dunotyr, which hirits that a of
the Legio Viceſima 'Vittrix, made it for i nes
more, But take them here,'as Servatias Ribelrms 2 Si.
lefiatr Gentleman, who made enrious obſervations up-
on theſe Countries, copied them out for me.
|
the country lying berween. For (as Ninins has told
us) Carauſms under Dioclefian this wall
anew, and fortified it with feven caſtles. Laſtly, the
Romans fenc'd this place in the Reign of Theode/is
the younger, under the condut of Galio of Ravenna.
Now ( {aith Bede) they made a Turf-wall ro-10 par-
poſe, building it not ſo much with ftones as with turfs (
ng no artificer that underſtood fo great a "work | be-
myeen 10 Friths or arms of the ſea, for many miles toge-
ther ; that where the fence of water was wanting, there,by
the belp of a wall, they might defend rheir Marches from
the enemies Incurſions, Of which work ( that xs to ſay, of
a very broad and bigh wall) certaim footſteps are to be
ſeen at thu day, This wall began ( as the Scots now
report,
S '%
— ——
but now, affirms that it begins in
*.J *©S%
7
. 0
in Bede's time, 1here was a famous Monaſtery /tandin
the Frith, which divided the
the Pits, Hard by this wall of turf, where the River
Carron cuts this Sterlingſhire in ſunder, towards the
left hand, are to be ſeen two Mounts caſt np, which
ks: 24. TNEY Call Duni Pace} and almoſttwo mileslower, -f-an
antient round piece of building, 24 cubits high, and
without lime, having the upper part of every ſtone ſo
cenanted onde Ferry at the abate work {till
riſing narrow, ſupports it {elf by a murual interlacing.
Some call this the Temple of he God Terminxs; O-
thers, who father every magnificent thing upon Ar-
z's thur, Arthur's Oven; others call it Fulius Hoff, and
* {ſuppoſe it was built by Fulius Ceſar : but 1 ſhould
rather have thought, by Fuliws Agricola, who fottified
this part; *had not Ninius informed me that Caravſius
erected it for a Triumphal Arch. For he ( as Ninius
liſhed , ereiting a tri #! Arch in memory of a
45. wager rebvile the TA nd fortificd it with 6 He
Caſtles, In the middle berween Duni pacs and this
Piece of building, on the right hand bank of Carron,
there is yet a-confis'd appearance of a little antient
City, where the common people believe there was
tormenly a *Road for {hips : they call it Camelor, (a
name often uſed in King Arthur's ſtory ) and contend,
bur in vain, that it is the Camalodunum mentioned by
Tacirus, from the name of the River Carron that
runs under it.* Tr may rather ſeem to be Coria Dam.
* niorum, mentioned by Ptolemy. And now take with
ou Buchanan that excellent Poet's verſes, upon this
dary of the Roman Empire at Carron,
Roma ſecurigers pretendit mania Scots,
Hic ſpe progreſſus poſita, Carronis ad undam
Terminus Auſonit ſignat divortia Regni.
A frontier wall againſt the Scottiſh force
The Roman: rais'd, nor farther urg'd their courſe
Content to keep their own, on Carrons jhore
They fix'd the bounds of their reſiſted power.
der, In this Srerlingſbire, on the Eaſt ſide, we have a
oo proſpe&t of Calendar-Caſtle, be to the Barons
mL of Levingſfon. And at Cumbernald, hard by, dwells
= theifamily of the Barons Fleming ; beſtowed upon them
by King Robert Brus, for their good ſervice in valiant-
13 broad, open in the top, fi of rough ſtones
writes ) bution the bank of Carron a round houſe of
y IU SCOTLAND.
's off is report ) at the Rirer Aven, which falls into Edenbo-
ow rough Frith ; and having pafled over that line River
Carron, reaches to Dunbritvon, But Bede, as | faid
a yet called Pen.
vael, that is, in the Pictiſh , the head of thewall,
in the Britiſh Per--gno!, in the Engliſh Pen-walton, in
the Scotch Cevall (alt which names are undoubtedly
derived from the Latin YValum)) and thatthe place 1
vercors. almoſt two miles from 46 is or Abercurning, It
ends ( as the common people think ) at Kirk-Parrick,
the birthplace of St. Patrick the Iriſh Apoſtle, near
Clayde, according to Bede at Alcluyd ; and as Ninnius
rells us, at the City Pen- Alchoir 3; which may ſeem to
+am's be all one. But this Wallis commonly called Graham's
4. Dyke, either from Graham, a valiant Scot who fignali-
zed himfelf in breaking through it, or from the Moun-
tain Grampins, at the ſoot whereof it is viſible. The Au-
thor of Rota Temporum calls it the Wall of Aber.corneth,
that 15, of the month of the River Cornerh, where,
| ly and loyally defending their country ; upon which
account they alſo had conferred upon them the ho-
nour of Hereditary High-Chamberlains of Scotland.
And very lately the favour of King James 6. hath far-
ther: honoured this family with ticle of Earl, ;..._.
upon his creating F. Baron Fleming Earl of Wigton. Ei ot”
In the neighbourhood ſtands Elphingſton , honoured \ '3'9n-
with its Barons, who were advanced to that digniry
by King James 4. and upon the crooked windings of
the Forr1b, ( where it is capable of having a bridge) Frith «&
ſtands Sterling, commonly called Striveling, and Ster- ©4<n-
ling-Borcugh ; where, upon the brow of a ſteep rock,
it 15 over-topt by a ſtrong Caſtle of the Kings, beau-
tined wich new buildings by King James 6. and hath
been long under the command of the Lords of Ere-
thin, as Caſtellans, who have often had committed
to them the charge and tuition of the Princes of
Scotland, during their Minority. But they are much
miſtaken, that think our good and lawful money of Eng-
g | land, commonly called Sterling» takes its name .....
( a5 he tells us ) on the Eng fide of the Pale, but near : Pd ax - Ma 4. Seerlin g.
ngliſh Lands from thoſe of
from hence : © tor that denominatlon came from the money.
Germans, termed Eafterlings by the Engliſh, from
their living Ea/tward, who were firſt called in by K.
John of , to reduce the Silver to its due fine-
neſs : and ſuch- money in antient writings is always
termed Eaſterling. But Johnſton's verſes upon Sterling
ſhall ſupply the reſt.
Regia ſublimis celſa deſpeFat ab arce
Pendula ſub biferis mania ſtruita jugis.
Regum angus parens, Regum nutricula natis,
Hine ſivs Regifico nomine tota placer.
Hoſpita ſed cutyis quouis ſub nomine, amicus
Sive es, ſeu non es, boſpes an boſtis item,
Pro lucro cedit dammum, Diſcordia triſtis
Heu quoties procerum ſanguine tinxit bumum !
Hoc uno infelix, at felix cetera, nuſquam
Letjor aut cali frons, geniuſve ſoli.
The lofty palace with proud ſtate looks down
On ciccling walls that grace the ſubje& town.
Mother and nurſe to Prince*s deareſt cares,
And ever proud of the great name ſhe bears.
But ah! too fondly kind to friends and foes,
While none her hoſpitable ſeats refuſe.
Such gains too oft” to fatal loſſes turn.
What fewds, what ſlaughters muſt ſhe ever mourn?
Hapleſs in this: all other joys attend,
No ] ws air ſhe owns, no richer land, :
And wealth and pleaſure wait at her command.
About two miles hence the Benochowrn rens be- pc...
tween very high banks on both ſides, towards the bun.
Forth, with a ſtream in the winter very *rapid; but
moſt famous for as glorious a viory as ever the Scots
obtained, when Edward 2. King of was
putto flight, and forc'd to fave himſelf ina Boat ; and
tor the routing of as fine an Army as ever Ty Tu
ſence out before that, by the valiant conduct of Ki
Robert Brus. Inſomuch that for a year or two the
Engliſh did not in theleaſt diſturb the Scots. Ptole-
my ſeems, fomewhereabout Sterling, to place his Alau- |
1a, which was either upon Alon, a little River that 22
hath its influx here into the Forrb, or at Alway, a ſeat
of the Ereskins, hereditary Sheriffs of all the County
withoutthe Borough. f But I have not yet read of any
one honoured with the title of Earl of Sterling. | d |
+ See the figure of this image. rag the Title P:if;.wal, at the end of Scotland. #s Hector Boeth. 1. 3. tells us from Veremundus, that it
was evident frum an Inſcription ta
in Reg. Donald.) menrioos it, and thinks it was @
le of Terminus,
a away by Edw. 1. that it was a Temple dedicated by Veſpatian ro the honour of Claudius. Buchanan ( |. 4.
b There was an Anchor found ſome years ago, 2 lictle to the Welt of
Tem
the. Daz: paces. c There are till ro be ſeen the toorfieps of the (trees, and ſore Vaules. d See Somner's Gloflary 4n the word Eefterlingue.
# Rapids in the Tuxt, butin the Errate, Trepidus. f 'Tis now an Earkdom in the bamily of the Alexanders.
4 That is, Knolls of peace. Hol.
PR ET
c——_—_—— 3. a —_ ” — | 4 =
Lid. $4 ies rn rig ( called alfo the Sheriffdom of
Lenrick, from the town of Lanrick, where
the Sheriff keeps his courts ) is bounded on the South-
Eaſt with the Stewartry of Amnaudale, on the South
with the Sheriffdom ot 'Dwmwfr4/e, on the South-welt
Additions to the D A M N I I.
with that of Aire, on the North-weſt with that 6f
Ranfrew, on the North with that of Dumbarton, on
the North-caft with that of Srerling, on the Eaſt with
that of Linlrbgow, « little to the Southealt with that *
of Mid. Lothian, "Fs in length about 40 miles; int
| mn
922
PRES ee OE i. he cant a EE Y Wa. cu ot > >. + 4
af @aDq. 5a. "= MA A
-<...
Fwy *
SCOTLAN D.
flamilton.
. Theia-
trum $c0-
1:&.
__ Glaſgow.
+ [b:d.
Roman-
Highway.
Rank cw.
breadth, where broadeſt, ſome 24. and where nar-
rowelt, 16 miles. The countrey abounds with Coal,
Peets, and Lime-ſffone; but what turns to the greateſt
account, are the Lead-mines, belonging to Hopton, not
far from which after rains the country people find pie-
ces of gold, ſome of which are of a conſiderable
bigneſs. 1 ſuppoſe *cis the ſame place our Author has
mentioned upon this account.
Ic is divided into two Wards, the Overward and
Netherward : this hilly and _ of _—_ and fir for
aſturage ; the other plain and proper for grain.
: Ir watered with che pleaſant River of Clide,
which gives name to the ſhire; it riſes at Errick-bill,
and running through the whole County, glideth
by many pleaſant feats of the nobility and gentry,
and ſeveral conſiderable towns, till it fall into us own
Firth at Dumbarton.
The great ornament of theſe parts is the Palace of
Hamilton, the reſidence of the Dutcheſs of Hamilton ;
* the Court whereof is on all ſides adorned with very
noble buildings. It has a magnificent Avenue, and a
Frontiſpiece towards the Eaſt of excellent workman-
ſhip. On one hand of the Avenue isa hedge, on the
other, fair large gardens, well furniſhed with fruit-
trees and flowers. The Park ( famous for its tall oaks )
is ſix or ſeven miles round, and has the Brook Aver
running through it. Near the Palace is the Church,
the Vault whereof is the buryal-place of the Dukes of
Hamilton. :
Upon the Eaſt bank of Clyde ſtands Glaſgow, Fin
reſpe& of largenefs, buildings, trade and wealth, the
chief City in the Kingdom next Edinburgh. The ri-
ver carries veſſels of ſmall burthen up to the very
tower ; but New-Glaſgow, which ſtands on the mouth
of Clyde, is a haven for veſſels of the largeſt ſize.
Moſt part of the Ciry ſtands on a plain, and is al.
moſt four-ſquare. In the very middle of it ( where
is the Tolbooth, a very ſtately building of hewn-ſtone )
four principal ſtreets, crofling each other, divide the
city as it were into tour equal parts. In the higher
part of it, ſtands the Cathedral Church, commonly
called St. Mwngo's; conſiſting indeed of rwo Churches,
one whereof 15 over the other.
the pillars and towers is {aid to be very exact and cu-
rious. Near the Church is the Archbiſhop's Caſtle,
ſenc'd with a wall of hewn ſtone : but its greateſt or-
nament is the College, ſeparatcd from the reſt of the
town by an exceeding high wall; the precinas where-
of are enlarged with ſome Acres of ground lately pur-
chaſed ; the buildings repaired and adorned by
the care and prudent adminiſtration of the Principal,
the Learned Doctor Fall.
Nor does this tract want fome remains of Roman
Antiquity. For from Errickftone in the one end, to
Maul: Mire in the other, where it borders upon Rein.
fraw, there are evident footſteps of a Roman Cauſey
or military way, called to this day the Watlin-ſtreet,
This in ſome parts is viſible for whole miles together ;
and the e have a tradition that another | ak,
Street went trom Lanrick to the Roman Camp near
Falkirk.
Art Liſmebago, a town in this ſhire, was a Priory
and Convent of the Monks of the order Valls Caulium,
a ſort of Ciltercians, founded by Fergus, Lord of Gal.
loway, a Cell of Kelſo.
C b } RANFREW or Reinfraw is the next branch
of the Dammit, and isſeparated from the ſhire of Dum.
barton on the Weſt by the River Clyde, which carries
up ſhips of great burden for 10 nules. On the Eaſt
tis joyned to the ſhire of Lanrick, and on the Weſt
and South to the Sheriffdom of Aire. It is in length
rwenty miles, and in breadth eight, but where broad-
elt chirteen. That part which lyeth near Chde is
pleafant and fertil, without mountains, only has ſome
{mall riſings: but that to the South, South-weſt, and
Welt, is more barren, hilly, and mooriſh. Our Au-
thor has obſerv'd this tract to be full of Nobilicy and
Gentry ; -who almoſt keep up a conſtanc relation by
marriage one with another.
The convemience ot the Frith of Clyde ( the Coaſt
-whereot is all along very fafe to ride in) has cauſed |
good improvements in theſe parts. Ar the Welt end | length, in breadch about eight miles where broad-
7
The Architecture of
there is a good road anda harbour, lately. contrived;
and a village.is now in building. More inward ſtands
A hog, and te Roy Company of Files
erring-filhing, a ers
henni a houſe at it, for the Code Eh of trade.
Near this, is Crawfird:
called it Port-Glaſgow, with a large
Here is the Cuſtom-houſe for all this ; and the
town of Glaſgow hath obliged the Merchants to load
and unload here.
derable. The Abbey and Church, with fair gardens
and orchards, and a little Park for Fallow-deer, are
all encloſed witha ſtone-wall about a mile in circuit.
The Monaſtery here was of the Order of the Clunia.
cenſes, found by Walter the ſecond, great Steward
of King Malcolm the fourth. The Chancel of the
Church ſtandeth yet, where lye buried Robert 2. and
his mother. At this town there is a large Ro-
man Camp : the Prerorium is at the Weſt cnd on a
riſing ground, upon the, deſcent whereof the town
of Paſly ſtands. This Preterium is not large, but has
been well fortified with three tofles and 4yke: of earth ;
of which ſo much is ſtill remaining, that one on horſe-
back cannot ſee over them. It ſeems to have inclos'd
all that ground on which the town ſtands, and may
have been about a mile in compaſs. When you tread
upon the ground of the Pretorim, it gives a ſound as
it hollow ; occaſioned probably by ſome Vaults un-
derneath, ſuch as are at Camelon and A:rdoch, two o-
thers of their Camps.
which along with this make a trian
the footſteps remaini
lame form. 'Tis pr
be the Stations for the outer
At Langſjde alſo there is t
ds.
fought between
ueen Mary and the Earl of Murray,
call'd the field of
de.
with the tyde, tho? it be on a far higher ground than
any place where the tide cometh.
The water of the River Whyte-Cart ( upon which
Paſiay ſtands) is commended for its largeneſs, and the
finenels of the Pearls that are frequently found here-
abouts, and three miles above. "They fiſh for them
moſtly in ſummer-time, and meet with them at the
bottom of the water in a fiſh-ſhell, much larger chan
the ordinary Muſcle.
ſhire, from Dumbarton, a Burgh-royal and chief town
in the ſhire) is made by our Author a part of the
Dammiz; tho* ſome learned men, according to the
diviſion of it into the High country and the Low, have
ht it more convement to make the latter,
of the Gadeni, and the former, the ſeat of the YVace-
magi ; the remains of which name they obſerve in a
village upon Loch Jomund,called Blowwvochie. 'Tis boun-
ded on the South with the River Clyde and its Firth;
on the Weſt it hath Logb-Lung, and a water of the
{ame name which falleth into it ; on the Northit hath
the Grampion-bills; and on the Eaſt the water of Blne
divides it from —__ Its length is about 24
miles, and 1s breadth about 20. The Lower part lyes
to the Eaſt, and is very fertil in corn, eſpecially to-
wards the Rivers. The Higher is hilly, mooriſh, and
more fit tor paſture, eſpecially where the Grampion-
mountains begin. The country is very well furnithed
wich Gentlemens ſeats; and here is the Caſtle of Awr-
dock, the reſidence of the Marquis of Montrofs. They
of the freſh-water Lochs is Lech-Lomond,
elt,
About a quarter of a mile from this, are two other
1 riſings, One to the South, and the other to the Weſt ,
form. By
they ſeem to have been litcle
larger than the Pretorium of the firlt, without any
fortifications, fave a ſingle Fofſe and a Dyke of the
enough that theſe might
appearance of an old
Camp on the top of the hills. Here a battle was
[c] LENNOX alſo ( called likewiſe Dumbarton. ,,..
have Lochs both of falc and freſh water ; the greatelt
miles in ©
924
of a fair Bay, ſtand Guwrock town and caſtle, where Guaray,
Greenock, a good road, and well built town, of beſt Grey,
-Dyke, where Hood houſes are Cru,
in building : anda little more to the » New-work,
where the town of Glaſgow hath built a new port, and wort.
But Pgſly for antient Grandeur is the moſt conſj- Paſy.
In the lands of New-yards, near Pſly , there is a Eby
remarkable ſpring, which is oblerved to ebb and flow #4
<>
xd.
SCOTL AN D.
eſt, and where narroweſt, two. *Tis ſurrounded
with hills on all ſides, except the South ; and is full
of Iſles, ſome whereof are cultivated and inha-
bited.
re; but that which lyes upon the Firth of Forth
om fertil, and abounds with Coal. pr
Beſides Sterling, ( a Royal Burgh where the Courts _
meet) there is Kl/yth, a Burgh ot Barony, which gi. Kilhth.
veth title to the Viſcount thereof, named Levi
enling- d ]STERLINGSHIRE isthe fourth of thoſe, com-| who has ſeveral manours and lands in the neigh! ns
hr, ed by our Authour under the antient Dammnii; | hood. Falkirk, another Burgh of Barony, well buile Fatkik.
Sir Robert Sibbalds ( who has conſider d theſe mat- | upon a riſfin ground, much beautified with buildin
ters very accurately ) is of opinion that this, as well by the firſt Earl of Kalendar, brother to the Earl of
as the adjacent part of Dumbartonſbire, belonged to Linlicbgow, a perſon famous for his valour and con»
the Gadeni, a name referring to this narrow neck of duft. Elphinſton, the reſidence of the Lord of thar <. ..
land. Itisencompaſled to the Weſt with Dumbarton- ' name, adorned with a large wood of Firs, &c. with ogg
ſhire, to the South with part of Clyd/dale and part of | ſeveral other ſeats. :
Dumbartonſbire, to the Eaſt with the ſhire of Linlich-| Near to Sterling ſtands the Abbey of Cambuckeneth,
gow, and to the North with the Firth and river of which belonged to the Monks of the Order of S, Au.
Forth: where *tis longeſt, it is about 20 miles; and | guſtin, and was founded by King David. Emanuel is
where broadeſt, twelve miles over. The South part, a Nunnery of the Ciſtertian Order, founded by Mal-
is high hilly ground, ſomewhat mooriſh, and fit for | colm 4. and ſtands upon Evan water.
m__
a
_
as
h —
—
CALEDONIA.
LL that part of Britain lying Northward
beyond Graham's Dyke, or the foremen-
tioned Wall of AMoninus Pixs, and jetting
like Lions, but only few now a days, and thoſe ve
cruel and fierce, having fuch an averfion to mankind,
that for ſome time
ey cannot endure any thing
handled or breathed upon by them ; nay, they value
not the baiting of dogs, though Rome in former
ſo wonder'd at the fiercenefs of Scorreſh Dogs, that they
thought they wete brought over in cages of Iron.
However, this word Caledonii grew ſo common a-
mongſt the Roman writers, that they made uſe of it
to ſignific all Britain, and all the Foreſts of Bricaif.
Hence Florus tells ns, that Czfat purſued the Britains
as far as the Caledonian Firefts ; and yet he never ſaw
them. 'Hence alſo Valerius Flaccus addrefles himſelf
thus to YVeſpofian;
mm Caledonius
Oceanus.—
When Caledonian waves your ſtreamers bore.
That is, the Britiſh S2a. Hence likewiſe Statius addref-
ſes his verſes to Criſinus, concerning Vetins Volanns,
his Father, Proprztor of Britain about Yieliuss time.
uanta Caledonios attollet gloria campos,
_ tubs long avus abies rock —_ terra,
Hic ſuetus dare jura parens, boc cefpite turmas
Afr ille dedu, cinxitq,, hac menia foſſa,
Belligeris hac dona deis, = tela dicavit,
Cernis adbuc titulos, hunc ipſe vacantibus armis
Induit, bunc regi rapuit thoraca Britanno,
What ow Caledonian plains ſhall boaſt,
When ſome rude native of the barb'rous coaſt
Salutes you thus, —Here, Sir, with awful ſtate
Your noble father oft in judgmens fate.
On this ſmall hill T've ſeen the Heroe ſtand,
out on both ſides, is called by Tacitus Ca.
ledonia, as its people are, The Britains inhabiting Cale.
donis, Ptolemy divides them into many fatibns, viz.
the Caledonii, Epidii, Vacomagi, &c. All theſe were
afterwards, from retainitif that cuſtom of painting
their bodies, called Pit; by the Romans and Provin-
Cials. "They aredivided y Armianus Marcellinus in-
totwo Nations,thes Dicaledones, and Ve&uriones, which
have been treated of before. Nevertheleſs, in Claſ-
ſick Authors they go all under the name of Caledon; ;
who I ſhould think were fo called of Ksled, a Britiſh
word ſignifying hard, making in the Plural number
Kaledion, whence Caledomii, that is, a people hardy,
rough, unctviliz?d, wild and ruſtick, ſuch as the Nor-
thern nations generally are; as obſerv'd to be of a
fiercer temper from the extream coldnefs of their cli-
mate, and more bold and forward from their abun-
dance of blood. And beſide their clime, the nature
of the country confirms it, which riſes up every
where in rough and ragged mountains ; and Moun-
taineers are lookt upon by all as a hardy and robuſt fort
of people. But whereas Varro alleges out of Pacwvius,
that Caledonia breeds men of exceeding large bodies,
I ſhould rather think it meant of that part of Epirus
[called Caledonia] than of ours; although ours too
may juſtly challenge this commendation. Amongſt
thele was the Sylva Caledonia, called by Lucius Florus
Saltus Caledonius, ſpreading out to a vaſt compaſs, and
by the thickneſs of itsrrees, impaſlible ; divided alſoby
the Mountain Grampius, now called Grantzbaine, that
poſtquam tua Carbaſa vexit
Ca
is, the crooked Mountain. Solinus tells us, it is plam ut _*
, that Ulyſſes arrived in Caledonia, by # werive Alrar | myfe WINDS Legions hear nd.
inſcrit®d with Greek Charaers: But I ſhould rather Theſe ( their old de ! "gy )
think it was ſet up in honour of * Ulyſſes, than by Uly/-| 14, _ = OED God of —++2iW
ſes himſelf. Martial alfo in this verfe mentions the » glad trophies a
This ſumpcuous Corſlet for the fight put on,
CEA. : And this from Brizaw's Prince in combat won.
Nuda Caledonio ſic pettora prebuit urſo. , ,
His naked breaſt to Caledonian bears Dur in at oe ng,
He thus expos'd. ————— Creſcit in immenſum facunda licentia vatum.
Nor laws nor bounds poetick licence owns.
For neither Czfar nor Volanus ever ſo much as
knew the Caledonians. In Pliny*s time, ( as himſelf
witneſſes) almoſt 30 years after Claudius, the Romans,
with all their icons, had carried their victories
no farther in Britain, than to the neig of
the Caledonian Foreſt. For Fulius Apricola, under Do-
mitian, was the firſt that enter'd Caledonia, which was
then under the government of Galgacus, ( called 'in
the Triadum Liber, amongſt the three Worthies of
Britain, Galauc ap Liennauc ) aPrince of a mighty ipi-
Plutarch too writes that they tranſported Bears from
Britain to Rome, where they had them in great ad-
miration ; whenas Britain hath bred none for many
ages. What fort of Monſter that ſhould be, men-
tion*d by Claudian,
———Caledonio welata Britannia monſt ro.
With Caledonian monſters cover'd o're
I cannot really tell. It certainly bred in antient times
- abundance of wild milk-white Bulls, with thick manes
co ra
—_ >,
pI
Loug haber, and the mountanous part of Angus : fnd the Ye-
ning Vlyfics's being in Britain, and the Airars bring inicrib'4 ro bim ja
5. In the Book of Triphicits;, at
if
& The Dicaledones ſeem to have poſleſs'd the countri:s of Argile, Perthſhire, part of
Furiones the reſt of Scorland, north of the Firth of F-r:h. þ. Concer
L.vcral nations, fee the Grm:ral pare, p. 36.
T
Atl
_—_——— — WA.
SCOTLAND:
rit and courage; who having ronted the Legion, with
an undaunted refo!tion ci12r2'd the Romans, and
with the utmioft bravery defended his country, till
fortune, rather than his own valour, faild him. For
then (as he ſaith) rhe northern Britams were the ut-
moſt bounds both of land and libert 7. And they certainly
were the utmct of this Iſland. as Catulius calls the
Britains the utmoſt of the world, in his verles to Fu-
TIHS,
Ceſaris wviſens monumenta magni,
Gallicum Rhenum, borribiles & ulti-
moſq; Britannos.
To view the noble marks of Cz/ar's power,
The Gallick Rhine, and Britain's farthe(t ſhore.
In the time of Severus ( as we read in Xiphiline) arg
Argetecoxus, a petty King, reigned over this Tract; <a.
whoſe wife being reproached as an Adulterefs by Fu-
lia the Empreſs, frankly made this anſwer ; We Br;.
tiſh Dames have to do with the braveſ# of men, but you
Roman Ladies with every lewd fellow in private.
- - — te ——w—r— reer een_— —_
ET —
F-:1.
N this large Country of the Caledonians, beyond ſho
F*-::i.
ul] endeavour to obſerve inviolably the Iaudable cuſtoms
—_
—
# They are likewiſe Earls of Strathmore. & It bas a harbour,
I * Tis at pr: ſent the refid: not of rhe Counmtehh of Weems, to whom
by King Janes $. whereot the Marquis of Abv/ is hereditary
H
Keeper,
b
long CO ACN nad {alt ; and 1s the refidence of the Lord Senclare.
commodious for ſhir ping. m. It was buiic
iſcount to the Family of Fr/b'and.
CUPRUM
place gives the title of
.
Sterlingſhire, ( of which I treated laſt) and two | of rhe famous Metropolitan Chungh of CT whoſe
Clack- lietle Governments or Sheriffdoms, Clackmans, | Archbiſhop is born Legate of the Kingdom of England, &c.
ct of which a Knight named de Carſs, [a] and Nevertheleſs, before this, Lawrence Lundoris and Ri.
Kinroſs. Kigyrofs, of which the Earl of Morton, is Sherift, [.b ]| #hard Corvil, DoQtors of the Civil Law, reading pub-
lies Fife, a very fine Peninſula, wedged in as it were | lick leQures in this place, laid the Foundation of an
between two Arms of the Sea, the Forth and the Tay, | Univerſity, now grown famous for the many learned
and ſhooting out towards the Eaſt. The land yeilds| men it hath ptoduced, for its three Colleges, and in
reat plenty of Corn, Forage, and Pit-coal: the Sea, | them for the Regius-Profeſſors.* In commendation of ,
ides other fiſh, produces abundance of Oyſters and | it, J. Sohaſbeg, Regius-Profeſlor of Divinity there , ,,4"*
Shellfiſh; and the coaſt is well planted with lictlecowns, | hath theſe verſes;
CET AIENTD Ad, war 6-ſ have. 5 Aj
ſide hereot, upon orth, we fir ve a ſight
Weſtward of Culye, a ws nk? in the FANU REGULTI
on of Fobn Colwill : then ermling , ſeated ive
om: ts LL: a famous Monaſtery in former times;
both the building and burying place of King Mal. ANDREAPOLIS.
colm the third. But now it gives the name and ticle
of Earl to that wiſe Stateſman Alexander Seron, of late| Imminet Oceano, paribus deſcripta vierum
deſervedly advanced from Baron of Fivy to be Ear] Limitibus, pingui quam bene ſepta ſolo ?
of ermling, and High Chancellor of the King- —_— ibus, ftaret dum gloria priſca
dom of Scotland, by James King of Great Britain. ontificum, bic fulſit Ponrifcali X,
Farlof Then upon the Frith ſtands Kinghorn, from which] AMvuſarum oftentat ſurreft« palatia _—
Kinghorn. 5 Patrick Lyon, Baron Glamys, by the favour of King Delicias bominum, deliciaſq;, Dewn.
James 6. lately received the title and honour of an| Hi: nemus umbriferum Phabi, Nympheq; ſorores
Pyſere, Earl. After this, upon the ſhore, is Dy/er:, ſituate up- Candida quas inter prenitet Urame.
on a riſing , With an tieath of che ſame ue me longinquis redeuntem Teutonis oris
name ſt 'd out before it. Here is a pu large Suſcipit, excelſo collocat inq; gradu.
place, which they call the Coal-plor, that hath great Urbs numium fm Muſarum {i bona no([et
plenty of an earthy Bitumen, part whereof burns, not —Atunera, & etherii regna beata Dei.
without to the neilbiner\ Near to this, | Pelle malas peſtes urbe, & que noxis Muſs,
lies Ravins-becub, that is, the Raven's craggy hill, the | Alme Deus, coeant Pax Pietaſq, ſimul.
ſeat of the Barons Sr. Clare, or Seincler. Above this, In equal ſtreets the beauteous ures run,
The River the River Levin burics it ſelf in the Forrb; which Ri- | And tow'ard the-Ocean ſtretch the ſpacious town.
Leven. ver ing out of the Lake Levin, ( wherein there] While Rome and Micres aw'd the eaſie ſtate,
ſtands a of the Douglar's, now Earls of Morton) | Here the great Prelate kept his ſplendid ſeat.
Wemmiz. bath at its mouth Wemmis-Caſtle, * the ſeat of a noble | In lofty Courts the gentle Muſes reign,
family of that ſirname, lately advanced to the digni- | And with heavenly numbers gods and men.
ry of Barons by pos James 6. From hence the ſhore | While tuneful Phzbus charms the OVESy
bends inwards, with many windings and turnings, as | And wondring Nympbhs repeat his oves.
far as Fif-nefs, that is, the promontory or noſe of Fife. | Here me, ing from the German Coaſt
© an. Above it, Sr. Andrgys, an Archioptoope Ciry, hath | To thoſe dear orts I fo long had loſt,
drews. A fine proſpe&t into the open ſea. The more antient | Me Phebu: bleſt with his peculiar care,
St. Reg. 22me of thus place was ———_— that is, St. Regulw's | Me in his honours gave the largeſt ſhare.
lus. Moxnt, as appears by old evidences, in which we] Tooha —_— did ſhe but righely know
read, Oengas or Ungus, King of the Pitts, granted umto| The gitts that heaven and heaven'sdear tribebeſtow,
God and St, Andrew, that it ſhould be the Head and Mo-| Farhence, ye guardian powers, all dangers chaſe,
_—_— "ow age in = _ Dominzon -n -_ then | But crown the Muſes and the ſacred place ; ,
an Epi was pla re, whole Bilhops, as} With conſtant joys of piety and ; |
all hy of the - of Scotland, mares. 2 uy aaa pron. IEG: on
ſecrated and confirm'd by the Archbiſhop of York | Hard by, the little river Eden or Erhan hath its en- t
till at the interceſſion of King James 3. by reaſon of| trance into the ſea; which riſing near Falkland, (for- Pal ;
often wars berween the Scots and Engliſh, Pope Six. | merly belonging to the Earls of Fife, ® but now a -W
2x5 the fourth conſticuted the Biſhop of Sr. Andrews | Royal retirement, excellently well ſeated for the woke 8
Primate and Metropolitan of all Scotland; and Pope | pleafures of hunting, ) runs forward under a continu- Y
Innocent the cighth bound him and his ſacceſſors to] ed ridge of hills, which cuts this terricory in the mid- wot
the imitation © the Metropolitan of Canterbury, m| dle, by Strathers, (fo called from the abundance of +
tx Com, theſe words, That in matters — Archiepiſco.| Reeds thatgrow there) a Caſtle of the Barons Lyndſey s* bY
Apoſtolich $- fate, they ſhould obſerve and frmb the offices of | and by Cupre, a noted Borough, where the Sheriff |
614-24 Primacy and Legatine puwer, their rights, and the k his Court. U whuch -2
acy rig w__ "_ pon J. Johnſton hath
exerciſe thereof, tbe honours, charges, and profits ; and they verſes ;
SCOTT
L AND. 930
CUPRUM FIF EX.
Ar va inter, nemori/q; umbras O paſcua leta
Lene fluers vitrets labitur Eden aquis.
H:ic weniat frquis G allorum 4 finibus hoſpes,
Gallica ſe bic iterum forte videre puter.
Anne eti.m ingenium hinc & fervida peftora traxit ?
An potins patrus hauſerat i focis ?
By fields, by ſhady woods, by flowry meads,
His chryltal ſtream the gentle Eden guides.
To theſe bleſt ſeats ſhould Gallick ſtrangers come,
* "_
The labou”ring youth ſtill urge their ſlender oars?
Thus riches come, and happy plenty flows,
Bur riches ſtill to accidents expoſe; :
And he that gains muſt ever fear to loſe.
Thus bred in hardſhips and inur'd to care,
They crut cheir courage, and forget to fear.
Loſs, pains, and all that angry fate can ſend,
Prove but incentives to a noble mind.
The Governour of this County, as likewiſe of all Thane,
the reſt in the Kingdom, was in antient times a Thane,
They'd find no change, butthink themſelves at home. | that is in the old Engliſh tongue, the King's Miniſter,
The wit and courage ſhe ſo oft hath ſhown ?
Or was ſhe better turniſh'd from her own 2?
Did chart kind neighb*ring country lend the Ry
The ſhore now turns towards the North ; and up-
on the z{tuary of Tay ſtood two famous Monalteries,
- Bolmerinock, built by Queen Ermengerd, wife to King
William, and daughter of Viſcount Beaumont in
France, now proud of its Baron Fames Elpoinſton ; *
;. and Lundoris, founded amongſt the Woods by David
Earl of Hu«n:ingdon, and now the Barony of Patrick
«. Lefley. Betweenthelſe two lyes Banbrich, a ſeat of the
Earls of R:ches, {trongly builtin form of a Caſtle. But
concerning the Towns of Fife, lying along the ſhore,
take, if you pleaſe, theſe veries of f. Fobnſton.
Ovida fic toto ſunt ſparſa in littore, ut unum
Dixeris, inq; uno plurima juntta eadem :
Littore quot curvo Forthx voluuntur areng,
Quorg; undis refluo tunditur ora ſal ;
Pene tot hic cernas inftratum puppibus &quor,
Urbibus & crebris pene tot ora hominum.
Cuntta operis intenta domus, feda otia neſcit ;
Sedula cura domi, ſedula cura forts.
ae m.ria, Of quas non terras animoſa juvyentus
Ah! fragili fidens audet adire trabe ?
Auxit opes virtus, wirtuti dura pericla
Funita etiam lucro damna fuere ſus.
Qug fecere viris animos, cultumq; dedere,
Marnanimis proſunt, damna, pericla, labor.
Ore ail the ſhore ſo thick the towns are ſhown,
You'd think them thouſands, and yet all but one.
As many ſands as Forth's great ſtream can hide,
As many waves as {well the riſing tide,
So many veſſels cut the noiſe flood,
Such numerous tribes the ſcarter'd hamlets crowd.
On land ſome ply their work, and ſome on ſeas,
And ſcorn the pleaſures of inglorious eaſe.
as it is allo in the Daniſh at this day : but Malcolm
Canmore made Macauff, who was Thane of Fife be.
fore, the firſt hereditary Earl of Fife; and in conſide- 41s of
ration of his good ſervices, granted that his poſterity Fite-
ſhould _ the King ( when he is to be crowned )
in his chair, lead the van-guard in the King's Army,
and it any of them ſhould by chance kill either agen-
tleman or a commoner, he ſhould buy it off with a
piece of money. Not far from Lundorts there ſtands
Fife and Strathern, with old barbarous verſes upon it, ut.
and had a certain privilege of a Sanctuary, that any
Homicide ally'd to Mac-duff, Earl of Fife, within the
ninth degree, if he came to this croſs, and gave nine
cows, with a * Heifer, he ſhould be acquitted of the * c«>:x-
manſlaughter. When his Poſterity loſt this title, 1 4**:
cannot yet learn ; but it appears by the Records of
| that Kingdom, that King David 2. gave this Earldom
to Wiliam Ramſay, with all and every the immuni-
ties, and the law which is called Clan Mac-duff. And
it 15 looke upon as undeniable, that the families of
' Weimes ard Douglas, and that great Clan Clan- Hatan,
| whoſe head is Mac-Intoskech, deſcended from them.
{I find alſo by the learned F. Skene, Clerk Re-
gilter of Scotland, in his Significations of words, that
| {ſabella, daughter and heir to Duncan Earl of Fife,
| granted upon certain conditions to Robert King of
; Scotland, in truſt tor Robert Steward, Earl of Men-
reith, the Earldom of Fife ; who being afterwards
Duke of Albany, and eagerly affe&ing the Crown,
put David, the King's e!deſt ſon, to one of the moſt
miſerable deaths, that of hunger. But his fon Murdac
ſuffered a puniſhment due to the wickedneſs both of
his father and his own ſons; being pur to death by
King James the firſt,” when a decree palled, That che
Earldom of Fife ſhould for ever be united to the Crown.
Bur the authority of Sheriff of Fife belongs by inhe- £2"! *f
Thro* what {trange waves, to what forſaken ſhores,
» Vid. He. Boeth. lib. 12.
6. Advanc'd to that honour by James King of Great Britain. 3.
. - Roties
ricance to the Earl of Rothes, [ c] ;
For their v1olent oppreſſions,
$TRATHERNMN.
S far as the River Tay, which bounds Fife
on the North ſide, Falizs Agricola, the
beſt of all the Proprztors of Britain un-
der Domitian the worlt of the Emperors,
carried his victories in the third year of his Expedi-
tion ; having ſo far waſted the Kingdom. Into this
we, zſtuarie falis the noted River Ern, which riſing out of
a Logh of the ſame name, beſtows it on the Coun-
try ic runs through ; for it is called Srrazth-ern, which
in the antient Britiſh, ſignifies a Valley upon Ern, The
- Banks of this Er» are adorned with Drimem-Caſtte,
belonging to the family of the Barons of Drowond,
favour of K. James 6. Fobn Murray Baron of Tulibar-
din, was advanced to the title and dignity of Earl
of Tulibardin, Upon the other bank, nc ſtands
Duplin-Caſtle, the ſeat of the Barons Oliphant, and Nuvlin.
ſtill remembers how great an overthrow ( not to ans
be equalled in former Ages) the Engliſh that
came to afliſt King Edward Baliol, gave the Scots
there : inſomuch, that the Engliſh writers of that
time, attribute the victory wholly to God's power,
and not to any valour of man; and the Scots report,
that there fell of the family of Lindſay 80 perſons ;
and that the name of Hays had been quite extindt,
« Who have riſen to great honours ſince King Rovers
Steward the 3. married a wife out of this family. For
the Women of that family, for charming beauty and
complexion, are beyond all others ; infomuch that
they have been moſt delighted in by the Kings.
And upon the ſame bank Talibardm-Caſtle ſhews
had not the head of the family left his Wite big with
child at home. Not far off ſtands Innermeb, well
kwown for its Lords the Stewards, of the family of Lords of
Lorn *. ngerrmerh
But after the conflux of the Ern and the Tay, by
which the latter more expatiates it felt ; he looks up ayernetsy
. it ſelf alott, and that with more honour, ſince by the
upon Aberneth, ſtanding upon his banks, antiently the
ms
9 lInch-chatra, i. e. #* the o/d Scottiſh tongue, ths Ile of Miſſes ; hereby
St. Auguttin, founded by the Exri if Sirathern, about the year 12:99.
E
may be remembred whenas it was a moſt famors Abbey of the Order of
Nnn Royal
a ſtone-croſs, which ſerves for a boundary between c:cMac
en nt A i EE I CI
—— % nl o i
TD DO OI
LE De Ae LY
Ce ER eee i EE. IE ITY
- 7 » , - _
& fn
—————
"SCOTLAND.
Farls of
Scrathe
Fro.
Dalreu-
dint,
Dal.
Legh-.
Finn.
m- bert Stewart, in the year 1380. then David a youn-
* 4vpa- of the Kingdom, that it had been given to his * Mo.
Fpidium, Prommtory of the Epidii; between which name, and
Royal Seat of the Pics, and a populous city ; which
(as we read in an oN fragment) Ne#anws, K. of the
Pitts, gave to God and S. Brigid, until the day of Juag-
ment, together with the bounds thereof, which lie from a
ſtone in Abertrent, to a ſtone near Carful that # Logh-
fol, and from thence as far as Ethan. But a long time
after, it fell into the poſſeflion of the Doug/aſſes, Earls
of Angus, who are called Lords of Aberneth, and
are ſome of them there interred.
The firſt Earl of Strathern that I read of, was * Ro.
ger ſon of K. Robert 2. whoſe only daughter being
given in marriage to Patrick Graham, was mother of
Mailiſe or Meliſſe Graham, from whom K. James 1.
took the Earldom, after he had found by tke Records
ther's Grandfather, and his Heirs Male. This Terri-
vernment of the Barons Dromond, hereditary Stewards
of it.
Menteith, as they fay, hath its name from the River Men;
Teith, called allo Taich, and thence in Latin they ***r
name this little Territory Taichia, Upon the bank of
which lies the Biſhoprick of Dunblain, ereted by K., P=bi
At Kirk-Bird, that * Sr tþ,
David the firſt of that name *.
is, St. Brigid*s Church, the Earls of Memexth have their
principal reſidence ; as alſo the Earls of Aontroſs ! of
the ſame family, not far off at Kin-kardin. This Men-
zeith (as I have heard ) reaches to the Mountains
that encloſe the Eaſt ſide of Logb-lomond. The anti-
ent Earls of Menteith were of the family of Cumen ;
anciently the moſt numerous and potent in all Scot.
land, but min'd by its own greatneſs. The later
Earls are of the Heuſe of Grabam, ever ſince Mailiſe
Graham attain'd to the honour of Earl [ d |].
tory (as alſo Menteirh adjoyning ) is under the go-
{. Montroſs is now a Marquiſate.
g. Maliſſe, who, in the time of K. Hew'y 3. of England, marry'd me of the heirs of Robert Muſchamp #s potent Baron of Exgland.
ward, &c.
Lozg after
ARGATHELI
Eyond Logh-Lomond, and the weſtern part
of Lennox, near Dunbritton-Forth, Argie
lays out it ſelf, call'd in Latin Argathelia
and Arogadia, commonly Argile, but more
truly Argathel, and Ar-Gwithil, that is, near to the Iriſh,
or as ſome old Records have it, he brink or edge of
Ireland ; for it lies towards Ireland, whoſe inhab1-
tants the Britains call'd Gwirhil and Gaothel. A Coun-
trey much running our in length and breadth, all
mangled with Lakes well ſtock'd with fiſh, and riſing
itt ſome places into mountains very commodious for
feeding of cattle ; wherein alſo wild Cows and Deer
range up and down. Bur __ the coalt, what
with rocks, and what with blackiſh barren mountains,
it makes a horrid appearance. In this tract, (as Bede
obſerves) Britain received, ( after the Britous and Pitts)
a 3d Nation, the Scots, into the Pitts territories \, who
coming out of Ireland with Reuda their Leader, got ei-
ther by force or friendſhip the habitation, which they ſtill
keep, of which leader they are to this day called Dalreu-
dini, for #n their language Dal ſignifies a part. Anda
lictle after, Ireland ( lays he) is the proper Country of the
Scots, for being departed out of it, they added unto the
Britons and Pitts a 3d Nation in Britain. And there
15a very good Arm of the ſea, or a bay, that antiently di-
vided the Nation of the Britons from the Pitts ;, which
from the Weſt breaketh a preat way into the Land; and
there to this day ftandeth the ſtrongeſt City of the Britons,
calPd Alcluith. In the Northern part of which bay the
Scots (whom I now mentioned ) when they came, got them-
# pr KG T1L EE.
ſelves room to ſettle in, Of that name Dalreudin, there
are now extant no remains that I know of, nor any
mention of it in Writers, unleſs it be the ſame with
Albany, we read of one Kinnadizs, ( who 'tis certain
was a King of Scotland, and fubdwd the Pids) in
theſe very words, Kimnnadins, two years before he came
into Piftavia, (lo it calls the country of the Pids) en-
ter?d upon the government of Dalrieta, Alſo there is
mention made, in a more modern Hiſtory of Dalrea
hereabouts, where King Robert Brws fought a battle
with ill ſucceſs. l
K. James the 4. with conſent of the States of the
Kingdom, enacted, that Juſtice ſhould be adminiſtred
to this province by the Juſtices Itinerant at Perth,
whenſoever the King ſhould think convenient. Burt
the Earls themſelves have in ſome cafes their Furs
Regalia ; who are o_ of very great authority ,and
of a mighty intereſt, deriving their pedigree from the
antient petty Kings of Arg:/e, through an infinite ſe-
ries of Anceſtors, and taking their ſirname from their
Caſtle Cambel. But they are oblig*d to King James
the 2. for the honour and title of Earl; who (as it
is recorded ) created Colin Lord Cambec! Farl of Ar.
gle, in regard to his own virtue, and the dignity of
his Family. Whoſe Poſterity, by the favour of their
Kings, have been a good while General Fuſtices of the
Kingdom of Scotland, or ( according to their way of
exprefling it ) Fuſtices generally conſtitute, and Great
Maſters of the King's Houſhold [ e].
CHAN T4 it
Ogb- Finm, a Lake that in the ſeaſon produ-
ces incredible ſholes of berrings, divides
Argile from a Promontory, which, tor a-
bout 3o miles together, growing by little
and little into a ſharp point, thruſts it ſelf with ſuch
a ſeeming earneſtnefs towards Ireland ( ſeparated
trom it by a narrow ſtreight of-ſcarce 13 miles) as
it it would call it over to it. Prolemy names this the
the Iſlands Ebude ( oppoſite to it.) methinks there is
ſome affinity. It is now called in Iriih, (which lan-
guage they uſe in all this Tra&t) Can-tyre, that is the
Land": bead. *Tis inhabited by the family of Mac-
AE
Conell, very powerful here ; but yet at the command
of the Earl of Argile, they ſometimes in their Veſlels
make excurſions for into Ireland, and have
poliſeſſed themſelves of thoſe little Provinces, they call
Glines and Rowte, This Promontory lieth cloſe to
Knapdale, by fo ſmall a neck of land ( being ſcarce a
mile over, and ſandy too) that the Sea-men by 2
ſhort cut (as it were) tranſport their veſlels over land
from the Ocean toLogh-Finn. ] Which a man would
ner beelieve than that the Argonaures laid their Ar-
gos upon their ſhoulders, and carried it along with
them 500 miles *'* [ f |.
10. From £mmia to the ſhares of Th:ſſalis.
L ORMN.
— — — —— _
Dairieta. For in an old little book of the Diviſion « F 2aln
9}
-
—
Aada::,
Kut us
Earls of
Dave,
L4
4
jr
SCOTLAND.
L O
Omewhat higher lies Lorns towards the North,
a Country producing the beſt Barley ; di-
vided by Logb- Leave, a vaſt Lake, upon which
{tands Berogomum a Caſtle, wherein the Courts
of Juſtice were antiently kept : and not far from it
Dunſt afag,that is Stephen's Mount ,antiently a ſeat of the
Kings ; above which is Logh-Aber,a Lake infinuating it
ſelf fo far into the land out of the Weſtern ſea, that
it would meet the Lake of Neſs, which empries it ſelf
into the Eaſtern Ocean, did not che hills, which lie
between, ſ:parate them by a very narrow neck. The
chietelt place in this tra is Tarbar in Logh. Kinkeran,
where K. James 4. by authority of Parliament, con-
" ſticuted a F«{tice and Sheriff, to adminiſter juſtice to
trys, and theſe
Our Lord 605. held by thoſe Pi#s, which Bede calls
the Northern Pitts, where he tells us, that in the faid
Year, Columbanus # Prief# and Abbot, fa
profeſſion of Mon
to inſtru thoſe in the Chriſtian
from the Southern Countrys
the inhabitants of the Southern Iſles. Thete Coun-
9m It does not appear that the Wiftern-I/les belo
more probable that it was Hor1@, one of the Orkne-lil:s.
R MN.
ond them, were in the year of
1710785 fe or the Lib.3.c4.4;
mto Britain,
Religion that by the
of mountains, were ſequeſter 'd
of the Pitts; and that
kery, came out
of Ireland
igh and fearful ridges
in _— granted him * the Iſland Hz, lying over
again
proper place. Its Stewards, in the laſt Age, were the
Lords of Lorn ; but now by a female heir it is come
to the Earls of Argile, who always uſe chis
their other titles of honour.
them, now calPd -comb-kill ; of which in its
among
4d to the. Picts at that time; fo that they cou'd not diſpoſe of any part of them, *Tis
B RAID
ORE inwardly, amongſt the high and
craggy ridges of the mountain Grampims
where they begin a little to ſlope, an
ſettle downwards, lies Braid-Albin , that
is, the higheſt part of Scotland. For they that are the
true and genuine Scots, call Scotland in their Mother-
Tongue Albin ; as that part where it riſes up higheſt,
Drum-Albin, that is the Ridge of Scotland. But in a
certain old Book it is read Brun-Albin, where we find
it thus written, Fergus the ſon F4 Eric was the firſt of
the ſeed of Chonare, that enter d upon the Kingdom
Albany, from Brun-Albain to the Iriſhſea, and Inch.
Gall. And after bim the Kings of t
reigned in Brun-Albam or Brunhere, unto Alpinus the ſon
Eochal, But this Albany is better known for its
Dukes than the fruits of its ground. The firſt Duke
zef of Albany that I read of, was Robert Earl of File,
* advanced to that honour by his Brother K. Robert
the 2. of that name; yet he, ſpurr'd on by ambition,
moſt ungratefully ſtarved to death David this very
brother's fon, and next heir to the Crown. But the
uniſhment, due to this wicked fat, which himſelf
y the forbearance of God felt not, came heavy u
on his ſon Mordac | or Murdo] ſecond Duke of Alba-
ny, who was condemned for treaſon and beheaded,
atter he had ſeen his two ſons executed in like man-
ner, the day before. The third Duke of Albany was
Alexander 2. fon of King James 2. who being Regent
of the Kingdom, age; March, Marr, and Gareth,
Lord of Annandale Mann, was out-law'd by his
brother James the 3. and after many ſtruglings with
the world and its troubles, inthe end, as he ſtood by
to ſce a Tournament at Paris, he happen'd to be
wounded by a ſplinter of a broken Lance, and fo
died, His ſon Jobs, the 4th Duke of Albany, Re-
=» Now an Earldom in the family of the Campbels,
11, In our memory.
ention of Laws, order of Juſtice, or #6 herw:[0.
e race of Fergus
ALSBIN.
ou likewiſe, and made Guardian to K. James the .
ing charm'd with the pleaſures ofthe French Court,
as having married a daughter and coheir of John Earl
of Auvergne and Lauragueze, died there without iſſue.
Whom, out of reſpe&t and deference to the bloud
Royal of Scotland, Francis the 1. King of France,
honour'd fo far, ad to allow him a place in France,
between the Archbiſhop of Longres, and the Duke of Tiy.
Alencon, Peers of the Realm. After his death theres
was no Duke of Albany, till Queen Mary ** con-
ferr'd this honour upon Henry Lord Darley, whom
ſome few days after ſhe made her H ; and K.
Jamesthe 6. granted the ſame to his ſecond fon, Charles -
wn {os Duke of bog ea PS
e Parts are inhabit a ſort © ie, bar- 1x;
barous, warlike, and very miklerans, commenty -——
called Highland-men ; who being the true race of the
antient Scots, ſpeak Iriſh, and call themſelves Albin-
mich, People they are of firm and compact bodies,
of great ſtrength, ſwift of foot, high minded, born
as it were for the exerciſes of War, or rather ot rob-
beries; and deſperately bent upon revenge. They
p- | wear, after the manner of che Iriſh, + ſtrip'd Man: + Plaids
tles of divers colours, with their hair thick and long ;
living by hunting, fiſhing, fowling, and ſtealing. In
war, their armour is an iron piece, and a coat
of Mail ; their arms, a bow, barbed arrows, and
a broad back-fword. And being divided into Fa-
milies, which they call Clams, what with plundering
and murdering, they commit ſuch barbarous outra-
ges, that their ſavage cruelty hath made this Law ne- p,.tjm,
ceſſary, That if one of any Claw hath committed a 1581.
treſpaſs, whoever of that Clann chances to be taken,
ſhall repair the damage, or ſuffer death. '*
12. Whereas the whole Clan communly beareth feud, for avy hurt retein/d by any tne mumber thereof, by ex-
P E R-
SL UTE EN
— - —
"5%= River UT of the very boſom of the Mountains
BI: of Albany iſſues the Tay, the greateſt ri-
ver in all Scotland, and rolls along thro
the fields, till widening it ſelf into a Take
full of INands, it there reſtrains its courſe, After this,
kept within banks, it waters Perth, a large, plentiful,
and rich country, and receives the Amund, a little
River coming out of Arbcl. Ty
Alia. This Athol (to make a little digreſſion, ) is infa-
mous for Wi:cher, but a country fruittul enough, ha-
Tre Ce. Ving woody valleys, where once the Caledonian Ereſt
& n2nto-( dreadful for its dark intricate windings, for its denns
Bn of bears, and its huge wild thick-maned bulls, ) ex-
tended it {elf in former ages, far and near in theſe
parts. As for the places herein, they are of little ac-
Fl of COUM ; but the Earis are very memorable. Thomas, a
Athol. younger ſon of Rolland of Galloway , was, in his Wite's
right, Earl of Athol; whoſe ſon Patrick was murder'd
at Hadingron by the Biſſers, his Rivals ; and they im-
chrenicag Mediately ſer the houſe on fire, that it might be ſup.
Mail:ls. poſed he periſhed caſually in the flames. Inthe Earl-
dom ſucceeded David Haſtings, who had marricd Pa-
rrick'sAuntby the mother's fide: whoſe fon that David
(lirnamed of Srrathbrgy) may ſeem to have been; who
a little after, in the Reign of Hen. 3. of England,
was Earl of Athol, marned one of the daughtersand
heirs of Richard, baſe fon to King John of England,
and had a very noble Eſtate with her in England.
She bore him ewo ſons, Job» Earl of Athol, who
being very unſettled in his allegiance, was hanged on
a Gallows fifty foot high; and David Earl of Athol,
who by a marriage with one of the daughters and
heirs of Ffobn Comin of Badzen:th by one of the heirs
of Aumar de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, got a migh-
ty eſtate. He had a ſon David, who under King
Edw. 2. was ſometimes ſummoned to Parliament a-
mongſt the Engliſh Earls; and being made , under
King Edward Balicl, Lieutenant-General of Scotland,
was conquer'd by the valour of Andrew Murray, and
flain in a battle in Kelblen Foreſt, in the year 1335.
His fon David had only two young daughters, El:z9-
beth, married to Tho. Percy, from whom the Barons
de Brrrcugh terch their original ; and Philippa, mar-
ried to Sir Tho. Halſham, an Engliſh Knight. Then
fell the title of Athol to that Walter Stewart, fon to
King Robert 2. who barbarouſly murder'd James 7.
King of Scotland, and was agreeably puniſhed for
chat execrable piece of cruelty : infomuch that e/£neas
Sykems , then Pope Evgenius the 4th's Nuncio in
Scotland, is reported to have ſaid, That be could not
tell whether be ſhould give them greater commendations that
revenged the Kins"s death, or puniſh them with a ſharper
cenſure of condemnation, that polluted themſclves with ſo
beinars a Parricide, Afteran intervalof ſome few years,
this honour was granted to John Stewart of the houſe
of Lorze, fon of fames, firnamed the Black Knight, by
Foan, the widow of King James 1. daughter of John
+ Nepti. Earl of Somerſet, and tneice to Fohn of Gaunt, Duke
of Lancaſter; whoſe Poſterity enjoy it at this day. « |
Punkeld. Now the 7ey, by the Influx of the Almund, being
enlarged, makes for Dunkell, adorned by King David
with an Epiſcopal See. "This, upon account of the.
ſignification, is lookt upon by molt as a town of the
Caledonians ; and they interpret it, The bill of Hawes,
who will have ic take the name from the Haz/es of the
7 v7 Se Caledonian Fereſt,*” From hence the Tay takes its
Bru courſe by the ruins of Berth, a little defolate City;
not forgetting what calamity it brought upon it in
times palt, when with an impetuous torrent it over-
flow'd the palture and corn grounds, deſtroyed all
the labours of the Husbandman, and hurried head-
long wich tins poor city, a Royal intant, and all the
Perth. Inhabitants. Inſtead whereof King :4;am built Perth,
© EFRTFHIHEK E.
much better ſituated ; which preſent!y grew fo rich,
that Necham, who lived in that age, made this dilſtick
upon it;
Tranſis, ample Tai, per Tura, per oppida, pir Perth,
Regnum ſuſt entant iſt urs urvis opes.
S
Great Tay through Perth, through towns, through
country thes:
Perth the whole Kingdom with her wealth ſup.
plies.
But poſterity hath named it, from a Church founded .,
in honour of >t. fobn, St. Fobn's rown, And the TS
Engliſh, in the heat of the war between the Bruſes |
_ the Baliols, fortified it with great Bulwarks, which
the Scots afterwards moſtly demoliſhed. It is never.
| theleſs a neat little City, pleaſantly feated berween
ewo Greens; and although ſome ofthe Churches are
defaced, yer wants it not its beauties: ſo divided too,
that almoſt every ſtreet is inhabited by a ſeveral trade
apart, and is furniſhed by the Tay every tide with
commodities from ſea, in their light Veſlels.5 Upon
it, F. Johnſton, 1o often mentioned :
FER H UM.
Propter aquas Tai liquidas, & amana wireta,
Obt inet in medio regna ſuperba ſelo.
Nobilium quondam Regum clariſſima ſedes,
Pulchra fitu, & pinguss germine dives apri.
Finitimis dat jura locis, moremq;, modiimq;
Huic dare, lans illis hac meruiſſe dari.
Sola inter patrias incinfta eſt menibus urbes,
Hoſt ibus aſſiduis ne vaga prada foret,
Quanta virum wvirtus, dextre que premia nirunt
Cimber, Saxo fcrox, & genus Hettoridum,
Felix laude nova, felix quoq; laude wetuſta,
Perge recens, priſcum perpetuare decus,
Near Tay's great ſtream, amongſt delightful plains,
Majeſtick Perth in royal ſplendour reigns.
For _wP Courts of antient Kings renown'd;
Fair 1s the ſite, and ever rich the ground.
Hence laws and manners neighb'ring parts receive,
Their praiſe 'tis to deſerve, and hers to give.
No walls like her, her ſiſter towns can ſhow,
Which guard her riches from the bord'ring foe.
How ſtout her Knights, what noble ſpoils they won,
The Britams, Saxons, and the Danes have known.
Renown'd in eldeſt and in lateſt days ; |
Oh! may her glories with her years encreaſe,
And new deſerts advance her antient praiſe.
And now lately King James 6. hath advanced Perth _
to an Earldom, upon his creating 7ames Baron Dro- _
mond Earl of Perth.
Near Perth is Methven, which Margaret of Eng- ,..,
land, Dowager to King James 4. purchaſed with rea- Mena
dy money for her third husband Henry Stewarr, of the
Blood Royal, and his Heirs; and withal obtained of
her ſon Fames F. the dignity of a Baron for him,
A little lower is Rerhven, a Caſtle of the Rerhwens, _
a name to be accurſed and raz?d out of all memorials, ;.«
lince the States of the Kingdom paſt a decree, that
all of that name ſhould lay it down, and take a new
one; after that the Rerhwuens, Brothers, in an execra-
le and horrid conſpiracy, had plotted the murther of
the beſt of Princes, Fames 6. who had created their
facher William, Earl of Gowry ; but afterwards (upon th
his going inſolently to preſcribe Laws to his Sovereign, __
and being convicted of High Treaſon ) beheaded
him. But I may ſeem to have ſaid too much of per-
ſons condemned to eternal oblivion: and yet che
mentioning ſuch wicked generations, may be of uz
to caution poſterity.
_———
— —
4 * [is now a Mar Juiſare in the "ami'y of Murra7. b. Ir gives the Ti:le of Earl ro the Fami'y of P:r7b, chict of the name of Drommer a
As
i,
37 +
SCOTLAND.
_ As for Gowry, {o much celebrated for its Corn-fields,
and the excellency of its foil, it lyes along the other |
ſide of the Tay, being a more level country. In this
Trac, over againſt Perth, on the farther ſide of Tay,
ſtands Scone, a famous Monaſtery in times paſt, and
honoured with the Connie at the Kings of Scot-
land; ever ſince King Kenerb, having hard by made
a general ſlaughter of the Pits, placed a ſtone here,
encloſed in a wooden chair, for the Inauguration of
the Kings of Scotland, It had been ed out
of Ireland into Argi/e; and King Edw. 1. of Eng.
land cauſed it to be convey'd to Weſtminſter. Con-
cerning which, I have inſerted this —_— {ſo
common in every man's mouth ; ſince it hath now
proved true, as few of that fort do.
N; fallat fatum, Scoti quocung; hcatum
Inveniumt lapidem, regnare tenentur ibidem,
Or Fate's deceiv'd, and heaven decrees in vain,
Or where they find this ſtone the Scors ſhall reign.
13. Three Eſcutcheons gules in Argent.
Now, by the ſpecial favour of King James, Scone
* fees. >
gives the ticle of Baron to © David Murray. |
Where the Tay, now grown larger, dilates it ſelf, Arrol.
Arrol hangs over it, the ſeat of the noble Earls of Ar. 5
rol: they have been hereditary High Conſtables of
Scotland ever ſince the Bruſes times, and deduce their
original (which is certainly very antient) from oneHay,
a man of jrog amy ſtr and courage ; who,toge-
ther with his ſons, in a dangerous battle againſt the
Danes at Longcarty,catching up an Ox-yoke,by fighting
valiantly, and encouraging others, rallied the retreac-
ing Scots, ſo asthey got the day. Which victory and
deliverance, both the King and the States afcrib'd to
his ſingular valour. Whereupon ſeveral excellent
lands were aflign'd hereto him and his poſterity, who
in teſtimony of this ation have ſet a Yoke for their
Creſt over their Coat of Arms '*. As for Huntley. Huntley:
Caſtle, hard by, I have nothing to write of it, but that
it has given name to a very great and honourable ta-
mily : of which hereafter. [ g ]
c He erected here ſtately buildings, which are poſkfſſcd by his heirs, under the title of Vicounts of Stormont. Theatr. Scotia, p. 46.
_
Pon the zſtuary of the Tay, and up a little
way within it, along the North-Exke, lyes
Angas, called by the genuine Scots c/£neia,
extending it felt into fields bearing wheat
and all other ſorts ot grain, large hills, lakes, foreſts,
ſtures and meadows; and beautified with ſeveral
orts and caſtles. In the firſt entrance into it from
Gowry ſtands Glams, a Caſtle, and the Barony of a
. Family ſirnamed Lyons ; which have been famous ever
ſince F. Lyon, a great favourite of King Robert 2. re-
ceived this and the dignity of a Baron with the King's
daughter in Marriage ; and therewith (as I find writ-
ten) the ſirname of Lyon, with a Lyon in his Arms,
eld 2ithin a Treafſure Floury,as the Kings themſelves bear,
& bur in different colours. Patrick, now Lord Glams,
wre Very lately obtained the honour of Earl of Kingborn
+8. from King James 6.
m Ar a little diſtance is Forfar, where, for the admi-
*r. niſtration of Juſtice, the Barons Grezes are heredi
Sheriffs, who are deſcended from the Greies of Chil-
lingham in Northumberland, and came into Scotland
with King James 1. when he returned out of England.
Upon the firſt of whom, nam'd Andrew, the King
bountifully conferr*d the Lordſhip of Fouls, with He-
lena Mortimer for his Wife.
Near the Tay's mouth is Dundee , which the an-
tients called Ale#um, others Taodunum, a town well
frequented ; and whoſe Conſtable, by a peculiar pri-
vilege, is Standard-bearer to the Kings of Scotland,
Hector Boetius, who was here born, the
name Dundee, Donam Dei, by alluſion; This perſon,
in that age when learning began again to flouriſh,
wrote an elegant hiſtory of Scotland, out of ſuch hid-
den monuments of Antiquity, that Paulus Fovins won-
der'd there ſhould be in his writings Records of above
r0co years ſtanding, concerning theſe remote parts
of the world, the Hebrides, and the Orcades; whenin
Italy (the nurſe of excellent wits) tor ſo many ages
after the expulſion of the Goths, there was ſuch a ſcar-
te city of writers f, But upon this place Fobn/ton, born
4" not far from hence, hath theſe verſes ;
TAODUNUM
Or
DEID ON U M.
One Ndrus arguiis adſpirat molliter auris,
Hc placide cceunt Taus & Oceanus.
Hic facili excipiens veniemes littore puppes,
Indigenis vaſts diſtrahit orbis opes.
—
i N06: 38-0
Spe dolis tentata, & belli exercita damnis,
Invidtis animis integra preftat adbuc.
Fama vetus crevit cum Relligione renatd,
Lucis & hinc fulſit pura nitela aliis.
Aletum dixere prius ; 3 maxima ſpettes
Commoda, fors Donum dixeris eſſe Dei,
Tu decus aternum genti{q; urbiſq;, Boets,
Cetera dic patrie dona beata tux.
Where the calm South with gentle murmurs reigns,
Tay with the ſea his peaceful current joyns.
To trading ſhips an eafie port is ſhown,
That makes the riches of the world its own.
Oft have her hapleſs ſons been forc'd to bear
The diſmal thunder of r ?
Reſtor'd Religion hath advanc'd her height,
And ſpread through diſtane parts the facred light.
AleFum once 'twas nam'd; but when you”ve view*d
The joys and comforts by kind heav'n beſtow?*d, :
You'll call it Donum Dei, Gift of God,
Boetins, honour of the realm and town,
epeated war ;
Yet unſubdu'd their noble ſouls appear:
Speak thou the reſt, and make thy mother's honours
known.
Hence we have a ſight of Brochty-crag, a Fort de- prochry-
fended by a Gariſon of Engliſh many months toge- Crag.
ther, when out of an earneſt deſire of a perpetual 1547:
peace, they ſued for a Marriage between Mary of
Scotland and Edward 6. of England; and upon pro-
miſe thereof, demanded the pertormance by force of
arms: but the Gariſfon at length abandoned it. Then
to the open ſea lies Aberbroth, in ſhort Arbroth, a abroth.
lace endowed with ample Revenues, formerly con-
rated to Religion by King Wilam, in honour of
St, Thomas of Canterbury. \ "oc this, the Red-bead
ſhooteth out into the ſea, a Promontory to be ſeen
afar off. Hard by, Souch-Exke enters the Ocean,
which flowing out of a lake, paſſes by Finmevim-Ca-
ſte, much fam'd for being the ſear of the Lindſays, ,,.;; ,
Earls of Crawford ;, of whom I have ſpoken already. Gys.
Then Brechin, ſtanding upon the ſame River, which »,.c4;n.
King David the firſt adorned with a Biſhop's See :* * Sce the
and at its very mouth, Mom-roſe, that is, The Mount ACSTI00s
of Roſes, a town antiently called Celurcs, ( buile out Monurofe.
of the Ruines of another of the ſame name, and
ſituated berween the two Exkes ) which gives the
title of Earl to the Family of Graham. Upon which
thus Tohnſt 0Nn,
ReJ-head
4 This Town bas a g0d Trade, fine buildings, and an Hofpical tor the poor. At preſent ir gives the Title of Margu:/# to the cbicf Family
of the Graham:s.
Ooo CELUR-
——
—
—-
Ce A ee ere ee —-_
.v
Parw $
©O::11y
Tar's of
1H] 1s.
Dw.0 yr.
Forr's Viar-
ſha'ls.
Snerift-
dom of
Kincaram
or Mernis.
Kildrum-
my.
Barons
Forto's or
For bes.
Boe ms 4.
|
CELURCA, or MONS ROSARUM.
Aurmols urbs pitta roſis : mons molliter urvi
Imminet, binc arbi nomina fatta canunt :
At weteres perhbibent quondam dixijſe Celurcam,
Nomine ſic priſco & nobilitata novo eſt.
Et priſca atque nova inſignis virtute, Virumque
Ingenizs, Patrie qui peperere decus.
A leaning mount which golden roſes grace
At once adorns and names the happy place.
Put ancient times Celurca calld the town ;
Thus is it proud of old and late renown ;
And o!d and late brave ſons, whoſe wit and hand
Have brouglt new trophies to their native land.
Not far from hence is Boſchair, belonging to the
Barons of Ogilvy, of very ancient nobility, deſcended
from that Alexander Sheriff of Angus, who was ſlain
in the bloody battle at Haurlty againit the Mac-donalds
ot the Iſles.
As for the Earlsof Angus; Gilchriff of Angus, a per-
fon illu{trious for tis brave exploits under Malcolm the
gth, was the firſt Earl of Angus, that I read of.
About tlic year 1 242 John Comin was Earl of Angus,
whodied in France; and his L-owager (perhaps heireſs
of the Earldom ) was married to Gilbert Umfravile,
an Engliſkman, For both he and his heirs fuccellively
were fummoned to the Parliament of England, till the
” $X/0'T-L £N\D. 940
3d year of K. Richard 2d, under the title of Earls of
s Naw it is a Marquiſate in the ſam: family.
Angus. But the Engliſh Lawyers refuſed in their [n.
ſtruments to own him for an Ear!, becauſe Angus
was not within the Kingdom of England ; till he pro-
duced in open Court the King's Writ, whereby he was
ſummoned to Parliament under the name of Earl ef
Angus, In the reign of David Brus, Tho. Steward was *, ..
Earl of Angus, who took Berwick by ſurprize, but *#:a,
preſently loſt it again ; and a little after died miſc-
rably in priſon at Dunbritton. The Douglaſſes, men of
haughty minds and invineible hearts, ever ſince the
reign of Robert the 3d, have been Earis of Angus,
(aber that Geo. Douglaſs had married the Kings Daugh-
ter) and ate reputed the chiet and principal Earls of
Scotland, whoſe Office it is to carry the Regal Crown
before the Kings at all the folemn Ailemblies of the
Kingdom. The ſixth Earl of Angus of this race, was
Archibald,who married Margaret daughter toHenry the
7th, and mother to James the 5th King of Scotland ;
by whom he had iſſue Margaret Wite ro Matthew
Stewart Earl of Lennox ; ſhe, after her brother's death
without iſſue, willingly reſigned up her right to this
Earldom, with the conſent of her husband and ſons,
to David Douglaſs of Pareindreich, her Uncle's fon by
the father's ſide; to the end that by this obligation
ſhe might engage that family more cloſely to her,
which was already the neareſt allied in bloud. Ac
the ſame time her fon Henry was about ro marry
Queen Mary ; By which marriage King 7ames, Mo-
narch of Great Britain, was happily born for the pge-
neral good of theſe nations. | h_| -.
2
His little Province Merns, butting upon |
the Gceiman Ocean, 1s of a rich ſoil, and
generally a level and champagne coun-
erey. The moſt memorable place in it is
Dunotyr, a caſtle advanced upon an high and inac-
ceflible rock, looking down on the ſeabenecath, for-
tined with ſtrong walls and towers at certain di-
ſtances ; which hath long been the ſeat of the Keiths,
a very ancient and noble family ; and they, in re-
compence of their valour, havelong been hereditary |
Ear!s Marſhals of the Kingdom of Scotland, and
Sheriffs of this Province. In a Porch here, is to be
MERNTS.
d 8 Hſe parts were in Ptolemy's time inhabited by the Vernicones, the ſame robvr with Marcellinus?s Veurio-
nes. But this name of theirs is now quite loſt, unleſs we can imagine [ome little piece of it remains in Mer-
nis. For oftentimes, in common diſcourſe, in the Britiſh tongue V is changed into M.
ſeen that ancient Inſcription abovementioned, of a
: The famous Manuicript hereof is in the Library of S. Leonard's College at St. Andrews. Theatr. $,otia, p. 21,
* Company belonging to the XX*h Legion, the letters »;,
whereof the moſt honourable the i Earl, a great ts.
admirer of Antiquity, cauſed to be gilded F. Some: ; ;,
what farther from the ſea ſtands Fordon, honoured 4
by Fohn de Fordon, born here ; who with great la- 7,
bour and induſtry compiled the Scetochronicon” ; and to
whoſe ſtudies the modern Scotch Hiſtorians are very
much indebted. But Fordon was much more honour'd
in ancient times by St. Palladiww*s reliques, formerly x;
(as *tis thought) depoſited here ; who in the year ««
43 I, T7 AR by Pope Czleſtine, Apoſtle of rhe
cot, |1|.
M 4
ARR lics farther up from the ſea, be-
ing a large Mediterranean Countrey,
and running out about 60 miles in length:
towards the welt, where it is broadeſt,
it {welleth up in mountains, except where the rivers
Dee (Ptolemie's Diva) and the Done, open themſelves
a way, and make the champagne very fruitful. Up-
on the bank of the Done ſtands Kildrummy, a great
ornament to it, the ancicnt ſeat of the Earls of Marr.
Not far of is the refidence of the Barons Forbow, of
a noble and ancient Stock, who took this ſirname
(being before called Box) upon the Heir of the Fa-
miles valiant!y killing a huge mighty Boar, But at
the very mouch of the river are two towns that give
a greater ornament to it ; which from the {:id mouth
(called in Briciin Aber) borrowing both of them the
lame name, are divided by a littis field that lies be- |
R R.
tween. The hithermoſt of them , which [ſtands
nearer to Dee's mouth, 15 much ennobled by the ho-
nour of a Biſhoprick (which King David the firſt
tranſlated hither from Murthlake, a little village) allo
by the Canons fine houſes, an Hoſpital for the Poor,
and a Free-ſchool, built by Wwliam Elpbingſton Biſhop
of this place in the year 1480 ; and is called New- xs
Aberdene, The other beyond it, named O/d-Aberdene, oy
very famous for the Salmon taken there*, But 7.
Fobnſton, a native hereof, in theſe verſes deſcribes $7
Aberdene thus : , At
ABERDONIA. ”
Ad Boream porrefta, jugs ob/eſſa ſuperbis
Inter connatas eminet una Deas. "en
Abtor algewtes Phabus fic temperat auras -
Non ajtum ut rabidum, FIBOYG TEC ICCHI AS, "41
TFecundo &
Ll
Vie
"mend.
CFt2,
*x ll.
"4.4
SCOTLAND.
——
CC
A
942
Fecundo ditat Neptunns gurgite, © ammes
Piſcoſi, gems alter adauget opes :
Candids mens, frons leta, blog. gratiſſima tellus
Ho/puions : morum cultus ubique decens.
Nobvilitas antiqua, opibus ſubnixa vetuſts,
Martiaque invitto pettore corda gerens.
Tauſftutiae domus, © ſtudiorum mater honors,
Ingenio ars, certant artibus ingenia,
O-mnia ei cedunt, meritos genitrices honores
Pirgere non ulla Ars, ingeniunroe valet,
ABERDENE.
With circling cliffs her lofty turrets vie,
And meet her rival fiſters of the sky !
So gentle Phzbus warms the ſharper air,
Nor cold nor heat's extreams her people ear.
Great Neptzae and his ſons for filk renown'd
With uſctul floods enrich the fertile ground :
In one fair current pretious gemsare found.
True hearts and p!ealantlooks, and friendly cheer,
And honeſt breeding never fail you here.
QO'd their eſtates, old is their noble blood ;
Brave are their ſou's, and ſcorn tobe ſubdued,
Here (teddy juſtice keeps her awful ſcat,
Wit ſtrives with art, and art contends with wit.
But my great Mother's worth and matchleſs praiſe
Nor art, nor witcanever hope t'exprels.
It is almoſt incredible what abundance of Salmon
there are, as well in theſe rivers, as othersin Scotland,
on both ſides of the Kingdom; a fiſh unknown to Pliny
(unicfs it was the -| E/ox of the Rhine,) but very com-
wn mon and well known in thoſe northern parts of Eu-
rope, * having therr inſite (as he lays) of a bright ſcar-
l:r colour, They breed in Autumn in little rivers,
and moſt in ſhallows, where they cover their ſpawn
with ſand ; at which time they are ſo very poor and
lean, that they ſeem to have nothing but bones. Of
that ſpawn in the ſpring following comes a fry
of ſmall fiſh z which making towards the ſea, in a
little time grow to their tall bigneſs, and then making
back again to the rivers they were bred in, ſtruggle
againſt the force of the ſtream 3 and whereſoever any
hindrance obſtrudts their patſage, with a jerk of their
tail, (a certain leap whence probably their name of
er —_—
| nn —_—
—
* Salmons) to the amazement of the ſpefators they
whip over, and keep
till they breed. During which time there * a law
againſt taking them, that is, from the Eighth of
September to the Firſt of December. Aid
it ſhould ſeem, they were reckoned the
greateſt commodities of Scotland ; ſince it hath been
provided by law, that they ſhould be ſold to the Eng-
liſh for nought but Engliſh Gold, But theſe matters [
leave for others.
*F,omſo-
themſelves within theſe rivers 2
As for the Earls of Marr ;, In the reign of Alexan- Earls of
der the 3d, William Earl of Marr is named amongſt
thoſe who were enemies to the King. Whilſt David
Brus reigned, Donald | was Earl of Marr] and Pro-
tetor of the Kingdom ; murdered in his bed before
the battle at Dyplin, by Edward Balliol and his Eng-
liſh Auxiliaries: whoſe daughter I/abella, King Robert
Brus took to his firſt wife, and had by her Marjorie,
mother to Robert Stewart King of the Scots. Under
the ſame David,there is mention made of Thomas Earl
of Marr, who was baniſhed in the year 1361. And
under Robert the 3d, of Alexander Stewart Earl of
Marr, who was ſlain in the battel at Harley againſt the
Iſlanders in the year 1411. InK. James the firſts
time, we read in the Scotochronicon, Alexander Earl
of Marr died in the year 147. natural ſen of Alexander
Stewart Earl f Buchan, ſon of Robert the ſecond
King of Scotland; after whom, as being a Baſtard, the
King ſucceeded in the Inheritance. Fobn, a younger ſon
of King James the 2d afterwards bore this ticle ; who
being convicted of attempting by Art Magick to take
away his Brother's life, was bled to death. And af-
ter him Robert Cockeran was advanced from a * Maſon
to this dignity by King James the 3d, and ſoon after
hang'd by the Nobility. From that time it was dif.
continued, till Queen Mary adorn'd her Baſtard Bro-
ther James with this honour ; and not long after,
(upon its being found that by ancient right the title
of Earl of Marr belong'd to John Lord Ereskis) in
lieu of Marr ſhe conferr'd upon him the honour and
ticle of Earl of Murray, and created Fohn Ere:kin (a
perſon of ancient Nobility ) Earl of Marr ; whoſe ſon
of the fame Chriſtian name, now enjoys the dig-
nity, and is in both Kingdoms one of his Majeſties
Privy Council. [k]
BUOUHAN.
Here now ___ (in Latin Bogha-
/ nia and Buchania) above the River
V Dene, extends it ſelf towards the
Ocean, there were anciently ſeated
the Tizali. Some derive this later name from Boves
(Oxen,) whereas the ground is fitter to feed ſheep;
whoſe wooll is highly commended, Notwithſtand-
ing the Rivers in this Coaſt every where breed abun-
dance of Sa/mm, yet they never enter into the River
Ratra, as Buchanan hath told us. Neither let it prove
to my diſadvantage, if I cite his Teſtimony, although
his books were prohibiced by authority of Parliament
in the year 1584. becauſe many paſſages in them were fit
to be da(li'd cut. He there reports alſo, That on the bank
of Ratra tbere rs @ Cave, near Stany*s Caſtle, whoſe na.
ture [cems worth our —_ notice of. The water diſtilling
by drops out of a natura vault, is preſently turned into
prramidal ſtones, and if people did not take the pains to
clear the cave now and then, the whole ſpace in a little
time would be fild up to the top of the vault, Now the
ſtone thus made us of a middle nature betwixt Ice and hard
ſtone, for it # friable, and never arrives to the ſolidity of
Marble, It is hardly worth my while to mention the
Clayks, a ſort of Geeſe, believed by ſome, with great
admiration, to grow upon trees here in this coaſt, and
in other places, and when they are ripe, to fall
down into the ſea, becauſe neither their neſts nor
eggs cou'd ever any where be found. But thoſe that
have ſeen the ſhip in which Sir Francs Drake ſailed
round the world, laid up in the river Thames, can
>
— ——
teſtifie that little birds breed in the old rotten keels of
ſhips ; ſince a great number of ſuch without life and
feathers ſtnck cloſe to the outſide of the keel of this
ſhip. Yet I ſhould think that the generation of theſe
birds was not from the logs of wood, but from the
ſea, term'd by ths Poets the Parent of all things *.
A mighty maſs likewiſe of Amber, as big as the
body of a Horſe, was (not many yearsſince) thrown
up upon this ſhore. This the learned call Succinum,
Gle/ſum, and Chryſo-elettrum ; and Sotacus was of opt-
nion that it was a juice, which amongſt the Britains
diltilld from trees, ran into the fea, and was there
hardned. Tacitus had the ſame ſentiments of it in
this paſſage of his, I ſhould believe, that as there are
trees in the ſecret parts of the eaſt, which ſweat out fran-
kincenſe and balm, ſo in the Tlands and other countreys of
the weſt, there are woods of a more fatty ſubſtance, which
melting by the hot beams of the near-approaching ſun, run
into the ſea hard by, and being driven by tempeſt uous
weather, float to the oppoſite ſhores. But Serapio and the
modern Philoſophers will have it to work out of a bi-
tuminous fort of earth under the fea and by the
ſea-ſide, that the waves in ſtormy weather caſt
part of it upon the ſhore, and that part of it is de-
voured by the fiſh. But I have digrelied too far, and
will return into my way ; hoping my ingenuous con-
ſeflion will purchaſe me a par
In the reign of Alexander the 2d, Alexander Comin
had conferr'd upon him the honour of Karl of Bu-
quban, who married a daughter, and one of the heus
« Hetor Berti us firſt ſprexd this errour ; bur that ir is fach, 4 Dr. Sibba/ds has largely provel in his Scotia 1Zaftrats ; only be is now convinced
the Cataioguc of his Books, wall in a ſhort time give turiher light wuto is,
that they arc not enfor ms mn ofſs carnoſe, 2s he there cills them. And a Diicaurſe concerning the late worthy Sir Andres Baifeur, to be prefix to
of
Marr,
$coto-
chron. lib,
12.64P.3Js
* L809
Ambey,
Pe mm i-
bus Ger-
Manger 17
Far's of
BaQuh gn
— —
SCOTLAND. _-
valour of the Scots. But afterwards K. James the firſt
(out of piry to Geo. of Dunbar, whom by authority of
Parliament he had before diveſted of the Earldom
of March for his father's crimes) gave him the Earl.
dom of Buquban, And not long ater, James, fon of
Fames Stewart of Lorn, firnamed the Black Knight +,
whom he had by Foan of Somerſet, obtained this ho-
nour, and left it to his poſterity ; but not long ſince,
for default of heirs male, it went by a daughter to
Deuglas, a younger brother of the Houſe of Loch.
eVINR,
Beyond Buchan, in the bending back of the ſhore Zn
northwards, lies Been 5 and © Bamff, a ſmall Sheriff. * &,
dom * 3 and Aimza a little trat of lefs conſideration ;
Rover de Onircy Earl of Wincheſter in England , and
re I chiby a ſon brought the ſame title to Henry
Beaumon: her husband. For he, in the reign of Edw.
the 36, fat in the Parliament of England under the
nanze Of Earl of Buquhan. Afterwards, Alexander
Stewart, fon to King Robert the 4th, was Earl of
this place ; ſucceeded by Fohn, a younger ſon of
Robert Duke of Albany, who being ſent for into
France (with 70co Auxiliary Scots) by the French
King, Charles the 7th, did extraordinary good fer-
vice againſt the Engliſh ; and had ſo great a reputa-
tion there, that after he had killed Thomas Duke of
Clarence, K. Henry the gth*s brother, at Ba»gy, and
got as great a victory over the Engliſh, as ever was
obtained, he was made Conſtable of France. But 3
years after, when the fortune of the war turned, he
The va- With other valiant Commanders, Archibald Douglas
lour ct the
Scots 1n
the Wars
Earl of Wigton and Duke of Tours, &c. was
routed at Vernoil by the Engliſh, and there ſlain.
of France. Whom yet as the Poet laid —
Wacom gti
Srnns V's-
rart.
Murra
Frith.
Caſtle, of whi
J. Dunbar of
e/Eternum memorabit Gallia cives
Grata ſuos, titulos que dedit & tumulos.
Thoſe grateful France ſhall ever call her own,
Who owe to her their graves and their renown.
The French cannot but confeſs, that they owethe
preſervation of France and recovery of Aquitain (by
thruſting out the Engliſh in the reigns of Charles the
6th and 7th) in a great meaſure to the fidelity and
a Now a Barony in the famſly of Og11by. b Now Frazer.
as alſo Rothamy Caſtle, the ſeat of the Barons of Sal. Eng
20n, ſirnamed * Abernethy. Beneath theſe lies Strath. 3m
bolgy, that is, the Valley upon the Bylgy, formerly the 64.
ſeat of the Earls of Athol, ſfirnamed from thence ;
but now the chief reſidence of the Marqueſs of Hunt. Muy
ley *. For this title K. James the 65th conferred upon j,*
Geo, Gordon Earl of Huntley, Lord Gordon and Bad-
zenoth, eminent for his ancient nobility, and his
many followers and dependants, Whoſe anceſtors
are deſcended from the Setons, and by — of
| Parliament took upon. them the name of Gordon,
(upon Alexander Seron's marrying the daughter of
Sir John Gordon, with whom he had a very noble
eſtate,) and received the honour of the Earl of Hurt-
ley from K. James the ſecond, in the year 1449. [1].
c Now from the Marquiſate of Huntley, rais'd to the Dukedom of Gord.
14 Whom he had by Queen Joan, fiſter ro the Duke of Somerſet, and widow to King James |. Oc.
-
M UV R
Eyond the mountain Grampius (which by a
continual range of cloſe join'd hills, as it
were, extends its ridge with many riſings
and tinkings to this very country) the Ya-
comagi in ancient times had their habitation upon the |
Bay of Yarars, where now Murray lies, in Latin AMo-
ravia ;, noted for its fertility, pleaſantnefs, and pro-
ficable produCt of fruit-trees. The Spey, a noble ri-
ver, opens a paſlage through this countrey into the
ſea ; wherein it lodges it ſelf, after it hath watered
Rethes Caſtle 3 whence the Family of Leſley derive
their ticle of Earl, ever ſince K. James the 2d ad-
vanced Geo. Leſley to the honour of Earl of Rothes,
Of this Spey, thus our Poet Necham : |
Spey loca mutans preceps agitator arene
Inconſt ans certas ne(cit habere vias.
Ojficium litres corbus ſubit, hunc regit audax
Curſus labentis nanta fluenta [equens.
Great Spey drives forward with impetuous force
Huge banks of fand 3 and knows no certain courſe.
Here tor a boat an Oſier-pannier, row*d
By ſome bold peaſant, glides along the flood.
The river Loxa, mentioned by Ptolemy, now call'd |
Loſſe, hides itſelf hard by in theſea. Near this we have
a ſightof Elgin ; in which (as alfo in Forres adjoinin
Cumnock, deſcended from the Ho
of the Earls of March, does juſtice as hereditary She-
riff. But when it is now ready to enter the ſea, it
finds a more plain and ſoft foil, and ſpreads it ſelf in-
to Ly lake we geo _-y _ wherein the Herb
Olorina grows plentitully, Here, upon it ſtands Sp;
Alexander of the Houſe of Lindſiy k
now the firſt Baron. As alſo Kinl!ſ5, a near neigh-
bour, formerly a famous Monaſtery (call'd by ſome
Kill-flos from certain flowers there miraculouſly fpring-
ing up on a fudden where the corps of King Duff,
murdered and here hidden, was firſt found *) hath
for its Lord, Edward Brus, Maſter of the Rolls in
England, and one of His Majeſtie*s Privy Council,
created by K. James the 6th Baron Brus of Kinloſs ©.
8g ET.
Thus much for the ſhora More inward, where
Bean Caſtle now ſtands, (look*d upon to be that Bana. Bout
tia mentioned by Ptolemy ) there was found in the year
1460, a Marble Veſſel very finely engraved, and full of
Roman coins, Hard by is Nardin or Narne, an He-
reditary Sheriffdom of the Cambells of Lorn ; where Nev
in a Peninſula there ſtood a fort of a mighty heighe, $*
built with wonderful works, and formely held by the
Danes. A little off is Logh-Neſſe, a very large lake,
three and twenty miles long ; the water whereof is fo
warm, that even in this cold and frozen climate, it
never freezes : from this by a very ſmall Iſthmus of
hills, the Logh Lutea or Lothea (which by Aber lets it
ſelf into the weſtern Ocean) is divided. Upon theſe
lakes there ſtood anciently two noted fortifications,
called from the loghs, one o—_—_ the other bner-
lothy. Innernefs hath the Marquels of Hmm:ley for its
hereditary Sheriff; who hath a large Juriſdiction here-
about*. But take here what F. Fobnfon writes up- * St
on theſe two places. —
INNERNESS and INNERLOCHY.
Imperii weterss duo propugnacula quondam,
Primaque regali mania 4 manu,
Turribus oppoſitss adverſo in limine ſpeft ant
Hec Zephbyrum, Solas illa orientis equos.
Ammibus hinc atque hinc cintta, utique piſcibus amnes
Fecundi. hec portu perpete tuta patet.
Has i, at jacet beu, yk nunc ſine nomine tellus,
oſpita que Regum, e ta fatta feris.
Altera ſpirat ft. Ile nd _
Que dabit & fati turbine vita manus.
Dijc ubi nunc Carthago potens ? ubi Martia Roma ?
Trojaque & immenſe ditis opes Afue ?
Quid mireris enim mortalia _ atts
Corpora ? cum videas oppida poſſe mori.
Two ſtately forts the realm's old guardians ſtood,
The firſt great walls of royal builders prov'd.
Their lofty turrets on the ſhores were ſhown,
One to the riſing, one the ſetting ſun.
——_— _
———_——_———
« Now Earls of Zin.
_
5
F SCO T
L A.N D.
-
—
_— * -
»«
| 6
of
UL
em.
_
All round, well ſtock'd with fiſh, fair riverslay,
And one preſents a fafe and caſie bay.
Such once it was ; but now a nameleb place,
Where Princes lodg'd, the meaneft cattel graze.
"ring
omg 4m) '#, WIRG
Where's Rome ; ren. greek ay As ore?
Where the vaſt riches of the Afian ſhore ?
No wonder then that we frail men ſhould die,
When towns themſelves confeſs mortality.
; preferr'd before Creichron, who had married
elder ; by the power and great intereſt that #37.
had with the King : which was fo
very. great, that he did not only advance this brother
to the Earldom of Adfvrray, but another brother like-
wiſe to the Earldom of Ormond, and two of his Cou-
ſins to the Earldoms of Angus and Morton. But this
A —_ (a thing never to be truſted to when ſo
itant) was his ruin ſoon after. Under King
James the 5th, his own brother, whom he had con-
ſticuted Vicegerent of the Kingdom, enjoyed this
honour within our memory, Fames, a natural
In the reign of K. Robert Bras, Thomas Randolph, fon of K. James the 5th, had this honour conferr*d
his ſiſter's
his country, and met with much oppoſition) was
very famous under the title of Earl oft Murray. In
the reign of K. Rob. 2. John de Dunbar had the King's
/ and with her the Earldom of Adwrray as an
amends for her loſt virginity. Under K. James the
24, William Creichron, Lord Chancellor of the King-
dom, and Archibald
for this Earldom, when againſt the laws and ancient
cuſtoms of the Realm, Douglaſs who had married the |
'nour. [m]}.
younger daughter of Fames de Dunbar Earl of Mur-
(a perſon that took infinite pains tor |
Douglaſs, had a violent contelt |
upon him by his ſiſter Qu. Mary 3 who ill requited
her, when having ſome few of the Nobility or
his ſide, he depoſed her; a moſt wicked precedenc
for crowned Heads. But the puniſhment of heaven
ſoon fell upon him, being quickly after ſhot through
with a muſquet bullet. His only daughter broughr
this title to her husband Fames Steward of Down,
deſcended of the Blood Royal, to wit, of the Dukes
of Albany ; who being ſlain by ſome that envied him,
left behind him his ſon Femes, his ſucceſſorin this ho.
mm
7 ————— Es oe oe ui mn —
LOQHUABRE.
Llthat tract of land beyond the Neſſe, which
bends down to the weſtern coaſt, and
joins to the lake Aber, is thence called
bre, (that is in the ancient Britiſh
Tongue, The Mouth of the Lakes ;) That which lies
towards the northern coalt, Roſe.
buabre abounds much in paſtures and woods,
ww fr and by a long ſucceſlion reign [in Scot«
land. ] Which indeed fell our mms For
Fleanch, Banqhuo's ſon, who unknown in the dark
eſcaped the ſnares that were laid for him, fled into
Wales, where for ſome time he kept himſelf cloſe :
and having afterwards mar:tied Ne/ta the daughter of
Griffith ap Llewelin, Prince of North-Wales, he begat
Walter, who returning into Scotland, ſuppreſs'd the The Ork
rebellion of the Iſlanders with the reputation of fo *\%wiy
much bravery, and managed the King's revenues in of Srew-
theſe parts with ſo great prudence, that the King ©"
and hath ſome veins of iron, but very little produce
of corn. It is inferior to none for its lakes and rivers,
admirably well ſtock*'d with fiſh. Upon Logb-lorby
ſtands Imerlotby, {trengthned with a fort, and for-
merly of much note, occaſioned by the great reſort
of Merchants thither ; but having been ruined by the
d ions and inſults of the Danes and Norwegians,
it been ſo abandoned and diſuſed for many ages,
that there ſcarce remains now any a of it:
—_ 5s intimated in the verſes I produced a little
Ve. |
I never yet read of any Earls that Loghuabre hath
had z but about the year 1050, of one Bangbwo, a moſt
\ noted Thane, made away by Macbeth the Bafgard,
(after by murder and blood-ſhed he had ſeized the
) out of fear and jealouſie. For he had
found by a prophecy of certain * Witches, that the
time would come, when after Macherh's line was ex-
pired, Banqbuo's poſterity ſhould one day obtain che
Is And the Iſles adjacent.
made him Stewart of the whoic Kingdom of Scot.
land. Whereupon this name of an Office gave the
ſirname of Stewart to his poſterity ; which ſpreading
through all parts of Scotland in many noble branches,
being advanced to ſeveral honours, hath long flouriſhed
there. Three hundred and thirty years ago, Rober:
Stewart, a deſcendant of this Houſe, in right of Mar:
forie his mother, daughter of K. Roberr Bras, obtain-
ed the Kingdom of Scotland. Andnow lately Fame:
Srewart the 6th of that name, King of Scotland, in
right of Margaret his Great Grandmother, daughter
Henry the 7th (by the divine appointmeaer of the
ruler of all things) with the general applauſe of all
Nations, is advanced to the Monarchy ot Greazs-
Britain. '.
nn
ROSS E.
Oſſe, fo call'd from an old Scottiſh word, | ftories of their heighth ; and yet the ancient Geo- The
which ſome interpret a Promontory, others | metricians have written, that neither the depth of the X85
a Peninſula, was inhabited by a people
. : ſea, nor the heighth of the mountains, exceed by and the
called Cant (which term in efte& intimates [
line and level, 10 ſtadia, that is a mile and a quarter. {Pt *
as much) in Prolemy's time. This extends it felf to
Which, notwithſtanding, they that have beheld 7e. Plater.
ſach a wideneG6, that it hath a proſpe@ of both
Oceans. On that ſide, where it looks upon the Yer-
nariff amongſt the Canary Iſlands, (1 leagues high) in P.. 0
givien ſor weſtern} Ocean; it riſes up in many {wel-
wal. con-
ling mountains, with woods here and there, full of
and have failed in the neighbouring fea, will by no c:-ning
means admit for a truth. In theſe parts ſtands Lover, 997+
ſtags, roebucks, fallow deer, and wild fowl. On the
a Caſtle and Barony of the noble family of the Fra-
ſers, made Barons, as 'tis reported, by K. James 2d,
for the ſingular ſervices they had done the Crown of
other ſide, next the German fea, it is more fruitful,
having much corn and meadow grounds, and is much
xc: better cultivated. In the very entrance into it, Ard-
mancch, no ſinall territory, (which gives the title [ of
Baron | to the ſecond fons of the Kings of Scotland)
ſhoots up in very high mountains always covered with
inow. i hare been told by ſome perſons very ſtrange
Scotland. Which family, in a quarrel, had been en-
tirely extinguiſhed by the Clan-Ranalds, a moſt bloody
people, had not fouricoreof the principal of them, by
the providence of God, left their wives big with child
at home ; who being dehvered of ſo many ſons, re-
newed and reſtored ir.
PpPp At
ns, —_
SCOTLAN D.
"i
At Neſſe-month ſtood Chamomry, formerly a noted
place, fo calle@ from a rich College of Canons in the
flouriſhing times of the Chirch ; in which there 15
erected a See for the Biſhop of Rofſe*. Hard by,
® $-: the
al inens Cyomartie is placed, where Urqbuart, a Gentleman of
nob'e extraction, - adminiſters Juſtice as hereditary
Sheriff of this Biftrit: and this is ſo commodious,
and fo ſafs a Harbour for any Fleet, though never fo
.,, great, that- Mariners and Geographers give it the
Sew. hame of Purtes Salutic, or the Haven of ſafery*.
*> © Above it is Littus Alrwm, mentioned by Prolemy,
M calied now, as ir ſeems, Tarbarth; tor there the
L. |
L.A: ſhore riſes to a great heighth ; encloſed on one ſide
1reRiver With Cr-mer, a very ſecure port; on the other, with
Gs the river Celpius, now Killian. And thus much of the
6eeial places lying towards the Eaſtern Ocean. Into the
Weſtern Sea"runs the river Longus, mentioned by
Ptolemy, now calied Logb-Longas ; next, the Cerones
ancientily dwelt where now #ſſer- ſhire 1s, a Country
divided into ſeveral parcels by the breakings in of the
lca.
[t would be a very difficult piece of workto make
up a pettect Gobellice of the Earls of Roſs, out of
Ceron's.
F 11is of
Ks
|
the ſeveral Hiſtorians, ' About 400 years ago Fer.
qbuard flouriſhed under this title ; but upon the failure
of iflue male, it came-by a _— to. Walter Leſley,
(for his valiant atchievements r Lewis the Empe-
ror, defervedly tiled the Noble or Generous Knight ; )
by whom he had Alexander Earl of Rofs, and 2
daughter married to Donald Lord of the Weſtern
Iſles. This Alexander had iſſue one only daughter,
who paſſed over all her right and title to Rober: Duke
of Albany ; which fo enrag'd Donald of the Ites, that
in the reign of James the 3d, he proclaimed himſelf
King of the Ijles, and Earl of A and harraſled all
the Country round about with fire and ſword. At
length, King James the 3d, by Authority of Parlia-
ment, in the year 1476, fo ftrmly annext the Earl.
dom of Roſs to the Crown, that it might not be law.
ful for his ſucceflors to alienate from it either the Eacl-
dom it felf, or any part thereof ; or upon any ac-
count grant the ſame to any perſon, bur only to the
King's ſecond fons lawfully begotten. Whereupon
Charles the King's ſecond fog, Duke of York, now
uſes and enjoys that title.
— — _— <—— ——
_— — —_—
— —— — — - —
LMI HCA SAND.
yond Rofs lies Sutherland, looking towards
the German Ocean ; a countrey more fit for
breeding of cattle, than bearing of corn.
Here there are hills of white marble, a
thing very unuſual in ſo cold a climate ; bur it 1s al-
molt of no uſe, becauſe that exceſs in buildings, and
that vain oftentation of riches has not yet reached
D:1%;n. theſe remote countreys. Here ftands Dunrobin Caſtle, a
bonds place of the greateſt note in theie parts*, the principal
gait ſcar of the ancient Earls of Sutherland, of the family
Eris of
SUE Ny -
His of
white
M ive.
_= —_—
(if I miſtake not) of Murray Of whom, Wiliam
in the reign of King Robert Brus, is moſt famous,
who married K. David's own filter, and had by her
a ſon, whom K. David declared his ſucceſſor in the
Kingdom, and to whom he made his Nobles ſwear
Allegiance. But he died a little after without iſſbe,
and the Earldom in the end came heredicarily by a
daughter and heir to A. Gordon, of the family of the
Earls of Huntley. | 0].
- — — --
641.
DA. w__——————— —— — —— Cs
— —
Omewhat higher lies Cathres, butting upon the
German Ocean, indented (as it were) by the
many windings and breakings of the ſhore.
Here in Ptolemie's time dwelt the Catzin,
Tle Ca Falfly written in ſome Copies Carini, amongſt whom
the ſame Ptolemy places the river 1/a, which may
ſeem to be the now #ifle. Grazing and fiſhing are
the chiet income of the inhabitants of this countrey.
The chief caſtle therein 1s called G:rnego, the general
reſidence of the Earls of Catbnes, "The Epiſcopal
T:%;1
The Rivg
[ia.
16 For the admintftration of Tuſtice.
C4 HAH NS S
| SEE is at Dornok, a village (if it were not for that)
Em —_—
obſcure ; where likewiſe K. James the 4th appointed
the Sheriff of Cathnes to reſide, or elſe at Wk, as
occaſions ſhould require. **.
The Earls of Carbnes were anciently the ſame with Ek
the Earls of the Orcades ; but afterwards became di- ©
ſtint; and by the eldeſt daughter of one Maliſc
given in marriage to William Sincler the King's Pant-
ler, his poſtericy came to the honor of being Earls
of Carhnes, which they ſtill enjoy. | p].
H E utmoſt coaſt of all Britain, which
with the front of the ſhore looks full a-
gainſt cheNorth-pole, and hath the middle
of the tail of Ur/a Major (which, as Car.
dan was of opinion, cauſes tranſlations of Empires)
juſt over irs head , was inhabited, as we may ſee in
Cernabii. Ptolemy, by the Cornabii. Amonglt them he places
R165 2 the river Nabeus ; which names are fo nearly related
in ſound, that the people ſeem to liave taken their
name from the river they dwelt upon. Neither is the
modern name Srrath-Navern, that is, the Valley by the
Navern, altogether unlike them in found. "This coun-
ery hach little cauſe to brag ot its fertility : by reaſon of
the ſharpneſs of the air ic is very thinly inhabited,
- - and thereupon cxtream!y infeſted with the fercelt of
Wo'res. Wolves 3 which, to the great damage of the coun-
trey, not only furiouſly fer upon whole droves of
Cattic, but even upon the inhabitants themſelves, to
STRATH-NAFYER N:.
|
their manifeſt danger. Inſomuch, that not only in
this, but many pther parts of Scotland, the Sheriffs
and reſpective inbabitants are bound by Act of Parlia-
ment in their ſeveral Sheriffdoms, to go a hunting
thrice every year to deſtroy the Wolves and their
Whelpi, Bur (if in this northern countrey that may
be any comfort to them) it certainly, of all Britain,
hath the ſhorteſt nights, and longeſt days. For by
its being diſtanced 59 degrees and 40 minutes from
the Equator, the longeſt day is 18 hours and 25 mi- Tye
nutes, and the ſhorteſt night 5 hours and 45 minutes. 10"
So that the ancient Panegyriſt was in the wrong, ®
when he ſaid that the /un did not ſer at all here, but
lipt aſide, and glanced upon the Horizon ; relying .
upon the authority of Tacitus, That rhe extreme points
and plain m—_— the earth having low ſhades, rais d up
no darkneſs at all. But Pliny ſpeaks more truth and
reaſon, where he treats of the longeſt days, according
re
SY *
—_
"SCOTL AND.
puffs
ig 47
to the 09 way - of folar Cw to the ay ring '
The ays, I1iys he, m [taly, are fifteen hours, in
re 7 thn. e Dos the liek "s in Summer
prove that by experience, which reaſon would oblige one to
believe, That at the Solſtice, when the Sun approaches
nearer to the P:1: of the World, the places f the earth
rnder | the Pele | have day fix months, * through the light's
baving but a narrow compaſs ; and night for ſo long,
when it us far remote in Winter.
In this utmolt erat, by Ptolemy carried farther
Eaſtward, whereas indeed ic bears full North (for |
bY "_
i.
drum and Tarvifium, fo named {if 1 gueſs aright) be. Torii
Ar VoAs-
rongue ſignifies an ending, with which give me leave 1am.
to make an end of this Book. I ſhall treat of the O-. Wh 7or-
V4 gh -
h-s. .
cauſe it determines Britain, For Trwas, in the Britiſh
cades, Ebudes, and Shetland, in their proper places.
SE 2:6 land.
Thus have I run over Scotland more briefly than
che dignity of fo great a Kingdom deſerves ; nor do
I at all doubt, bur that fome one hereafter may gire
a larger draught of it with a more exquiſite pen, with
more certainty, and better information ; fince (as I
which Roger Bacon in his Geography, taxed him | ſaid before) the greateſt of Pritices hath now laid o-
long ago,) Tacitus ſays, That a pro
igions wvaſt ſpace | pen to us thele remote Countries, hitherto ſhut up.
of land runs out in length, and grows narrow like awedye. In the mean time, if I have nor been fo vigilant as I
Here three Promontories ſhoot out into the Sea, men-
-n. tioned by ancient Writers. Berubium, now Urdehead,
near the village Bernſwale , Virvedrum, now Dunsby,
alias Duncans-bay, looked upon as the remoteſt Pro-
montory of Britain : Orcas, now Howburn, placed by
Prolemy over againſt the Orcades, as the urmoſt of
them all. This 1s likewiſe called by Ptolemy Tarve-
he (the moſt watchful may ſometimes take a nod ;)
o7 if any miſtake in this unknown trad hath led me
from the truth (as nothing is ſo common as error ;) [
hope the courteous Reader, upon my owning it, will
grantme a pardon,and kindly dire& me into the right
way.
Additions to CALEDONIA
we come to Fife (which our Author firſt touches
upon) we are to take a view of two little Shires chat
lye to the welt, Clackmanan ſbire, and Kinroſs-ſhire.
[a | Clackmanan-ſvire (0 called from the head
&r. burgh of it, Clackmanan) is bounded to the north by
the Ochill bills, rothe ſouth by the Firth of Forth, to
the eaſt with part of Perthſhire, and to the weſt with
part of Srerlingſhire. *Tis about eight miles in length ;
and where broadeſt, but five. Towards the Firth it 1s
a plain Country,and a fertile foil; the reſt is fitter for
paſtore ; bur that below the Ocbil-bills abounds both
with Grains and paſture. About Alla and Clackma-
nan they have great ſtore of Coal-pits, the Coal
whereof (together with their Sal) furniſh a foreign
trade. It is watered with the river Devan, which
runs ſix miles through the ſhire.
Clackmanan is ſeated upon a riſing ground, the
; Caſtle whereof is a ſtately dwelling, with fine gar-
dens and good Inclofures,
Alloz is a pleaſant little town, with a ſmall haven
for ſhips, where is a Caſtle, the chief reſidence of
the Earl of Marr, hereditary Governor of Sterling.
Caſtle.lt is alſo adorned with fine Gardens and inclo-
ſures.
[b] Kinreſsſbire is another little tract, lying to the
north, ſo called from a town ſeated in the middle of
the Shire, not far from a Loch, about four miles in
length, and as many in breadth, which abounds with
Pykes, Trouts, &c. With all forts of water-fowl. Ir
has one Iſland, upon which the Caſtle ſtands ; arid
another, wherein are to be ſeen the ruines of the
Priory of Portmolloch, which belonged to Monks of
St. Auguſtin*s Order: *tis called St. Serf's inch, and
was anclently the reſidence of fome of the Kulates.
Out of this Loch flows the water of Levin.
Berween the town and the Loch, is a pleaſant
lain, where Sir #uliam Bruce, the Proprietor, has
it a ſtately houſe, which for the goodneſs of the
ſtone, the curious Archite&ture, the avenues, gar-
dens, inclofures, together with the pleaſatt proſpett
of the Lough and the Caſtle, yields to few ſeats in
Scotland.
[<] The Sheriffdlom of FIFE was ancieritly
called Rſs the remains of which name are ſtill pre-
ſerved in Culref, i. e. the back or hinder part of
Roſs, and Kinreſe, 1. e. the head of Roſs. The name
of Fife it had from __ a Noble man, to whom it
was given by King Keneth the ſecond, for his great
ſervice againſt the Pits. The Sibbalds of Balgomie,
for more than an hundred years were Hereditary
Sheriffs of it ; and upon the failing of that Family,
N the deſcription of this part of Scotland, before |
|
|
,
the Sheriffdom was transferred to the Farwly of Ro- |
theſs, in which it ſtill continues. To the north, it
is divided from Angus by the Firth of Tay ; to the
north-weſt, from part of Perth-ſhire by the be Firth
of Tay, meeting alſo with a part of Strathern ; to
the weſt, it hath the Ochill-tills, Kinrok-ſhire, and
part of Perth-ſhire ; to the South, the firth of Furth,
dividing it from the Lothians ; and to the eaſt, the
German Ocean. *Tis in length thirty ewo miles,
and abont ſeventeen wide. To the weſt it is more
mountainous, to the eaſt much plainer. The north
and ſouth parts are very fertile in corn, and full of
Towns with good bays and harbors; but the middle
1s more proper for paſture. On the ſouth ſide allo,
there is much coal, and many falt-pans, where ve-
ry good ſalt is made. They have a quarry at Dalgate
of excellent free ſtone, employ'd in the beſt pieces
of Archite&ture ; and near the water of Ore they find
Lead : as alſo mariy fine Chryſtals of ſeveral colours
at the Bin and at Orrock, They have allo ſeveral
Mineral Waters, as the Spaw at Kinghorn and Ball-
igie.
Culroſs *is ſeated on a deſcent ; and its chief Com- C»--.
modities are Salt and Coals. Its greateſt ornaments ,
the ſtately building of the Earl of Kincardin, with the te.
gardens and Terrac&-walks about it, which has a
pleaſant proſpet to the very mouth of the River
Forth.
St. Andrews * takes its name from St. Andrew ,q ,.
(whoſe bones are ſaid to have been brought over hi- &e>-:
ther from Patras in Peloponneſws, by Regulus a Gre. * #4:
cian Monk, in the year 368) and was the principal
See of the ancient Cu/dees, The City lyes towards
the eaſt, with a pleaſant proſpe& to the Ocean; and
has a harbour for ſhips. It had formerly a very
ſtrong Caſtle, ſome remains whereof are yet to b>
ſeen upon the rocks to the north z and the ruines of
the Cathedral Church and Monaſtery ſhow their an-
cierit magnificence. The chief Church is that called
the New Church (not far from the New Colledge )
whereiri is a very ſtately monument of Archbiſh
Sharp ; they have alſo another Church, which 1s
called St. Leonard's. But their greateſt ornaments,
are the three Colleges. r. St. Salvator, commort=
ly called the Old College, founded by Fames Kennedy,
Biſhop cf St. Andrews, together with a Chirch,
wherein he has a curious Monument. Dr. Skene
Principal, has of late repair'd and augmented it ;
and alſo founided 4 Library, which is now very well
furniſhed with books. 2. St. Leonzrd's College, was
founded by Fames Hepburn, Prior of St. Andrews ; in
which are ſeveral Profeſſors; the Principal, who is
always DoCtor of Divinity, and the four Profeſſors of
Philoſophy ; ro whom Sir Fobn Scot added a Philelo-
gy-Profeſſor, with a liberal Salary, and aligmented the
Library with the gift of feveral conſilerable Volunies,
fines
FYU724 KY =
SCOTL AN D.
95
—
951
ſince encreaſed by the great Collefion of Books leſt
to it by 3 (a Wedderburne. 3. The New College,
was founded by Fames Beaton, Archbiſhop, wherein
are two Profeſſors, always Doctors of Divinity, the
one ſtiled Principal Profeſſor of Theology, the other on-
ly Profeſſor 4 Theology. To theſe was added of
late a Profeſſor of Mathematicks ; for the improve-
ment of which Science, the firſt Profeſſor, Mr. Fames
Gregory, got an Obſervatory erefted in the College-
garden, and furniſhed chem with many Mathemati-
cal Inſtruments. :
As the coaſt of this Shire is accommodated with
ſeveral convenient harbours, fo is the Country all o-
ver adorned with ſtately houſes of the Nobility and
Gentry. |
Near Doan (a village belonging to the Counteſs
of Rotheſſe) upon a riſing ground, there is a ſtone fixed
in a Pedeſtal, and upon it the figure of one on horke-
back engraven, with ſome old Characters like Runick,
and ſomething like a Scroll upon one of the ſides. |
Strathern. [d] The Stewartrie of STRATHERN ſeems to be
the lerne, mentioned by Roman Writers. For in itare ;
many Roman Camps, one particularly at Ardech ve-
ry remarkable, the figure and deſcription whereof is
in the account of the Thule, written by Sir Robert |
Sibbalds. Beſides which, there is a Via Militars, or |
Roman high-way towards Perth ; ſeveral Roman |
Medals have alſo been found, and of late two Fibule
curiouſly enamelled, with a Sepulchral-ſtone, the
Inſcription whereof, the aforeſaid 7hule has given us
an account of.
The Ochil-hills, which run along the South parts of
this Shire, abound with metals and minerals ; parti-
cularly, they find good Copper, and the Laps Cala»
minzrs ; as in Glen-Lyon they meet with Lead. Here
is great want of Coal, but their excellent Peats, and |
the abundance of wood, ſupply that defeR.
Drumond- They have ſeveral Seatsofthe Nobility and Genery : :
Caſtie. Drumond.Caſtle,the chief reſidence of the Earl of Perth,
Kwmcairne hereditary Stewart of Srratherne, Kincairne, belong-
Dwk-ld. ing to the Marquis of Montroſs. Dunkeld, where
is a ſtately houſe, the reſidence of the Marquiſs of
Athole, Sheriff of the Shire, with ſeveral others.
Dumblane Dumblane * is a pleaſant lictle town, on the bank
* Thea of the river Alla», where the ruines of the Biſhops
Irum Sc0-
7:4. p. 38. and regular Canons houſes are to be ſeen. Here was
alſo a Church of excellent workmanſhip, part of
which remains yet entire. In the ruines of it is an
ancient Picture, repreſenting the Counteſs of Stra-
therne with her re rg 2, Fae asking a blefling
from St. Blanas, cloathed in his Pontifical habit. Not
long ſince, Robert Leighton was Biſhop of this place, a
man of an exemplary life and converſation. At his
death, he left all his books, both Manuſcripts and o-
thers, to the uſe ofthe Dioceſs of Dumblane, and mor-
tify*d a fum for erefting a Library; as a Salary for a
Library-keeper was mortifyd by the ſame Biſhop's
filter*s ſon. Ir gives the title of Vicount of Dumblane
to his Grace the Duke of Leeds. The Lord William
Drummond, Vicount of Strath-allan, hath here a very
fine Dwelling, and conſiderable revenues inthe Coun-
try all round.
ſe] The Shire of Argile and Perth, with the Coun.
tries adjacent, ſeem to have been formerly inhabited
by the Horeſti, *Og:5zi, or Mountaineers, mentioned
by Tacitus, viz. the true ancient Scots, who came
from Ireland, and poſſeſſed themſelves of the Weſt-
Iſles, and of theſe Countries. For diſtinion's ſake,
they were called the Northern Pi#s, the ſame with
Ammianus Marcellinus's Dicalidones, which Buchanan
(agreeably to the meaning of Horeſ#s, and the
Highlanders) reads Duncaledonii, By the the Panegy-
cif Eumenius, they are named Hiberni, ſoli Britanni ,
and by the Writers of the middle age, their Coun-
try iscalled Hibernia,as is proved in the Deſcription of
Thule, writ by Sir Robert Sibvalds.
Theſe two Counties, with the Weſtern Iſles, made
up the Kingdom of the Scots, whilſt the reſt of Scot-
land was under the Romans and Pitts. Afterwards,
the whole Country came under one King, namely,
Kenzeth the ſecond, who was called Rex Ng. x
Arg ite.
| hare a large Hoſpital provided for them. As this
The Shire of AR GILE had formerly ewo She. 4x1,
rifdoms, Argile and Tarbert ;, but now they are uni-
ted into one which comprehends Kantyre, Knapdale,
Askeodniſh, Cowell, in which is Denown the Biſhop of
Argile*s ſeat, Lorne, and many of the weſt Iſles. To
the-caſt it is joyned to Perthſhire, to the north-eaſt
it touches upon Lochaber, to the north-weſt it hath
ſeveral Ifles, and to the ſouth the Iriſh-ſea, and the
Firth of Clyde. In length *ris about ſix ſcore miles, and
in breadth ſome forry miles. The ſea in many pla-
Ces runs up a great way into the land, in long bays
which they call Loughs. The Trad properly called
Argile lyes between Loch-fyne, wherein is a great Her-
ring-fiſhing, and Loch-Aw, a freſh water Loc , Ewen
four miles , and one broad , out of which the
River of Aw runs for ſome ſix or ſeven miles, and
then enters Loch-Ediff. The whole ſhire is moun.
tainous, and the Inhabitants, who ſpeak the Iriſh, live
moſtly by their hunting and fiſhing,
It's chief town is Innercrra, a h-Royal, near
which is the Caſtle, the chief reſidence of the Earl
of Argile, adorned with fine gardens ſtanding upon
the water of Eira, where it falls into Lochfyne.
[f ] The Southermoſt part of Argileſhire is K I N. #7:
TYRE, above thirty miles long, and eight or nine
broad.
It hasin it a burgh of Barony, ſituate upon the
lough of Kilkerran, called orice} Toroeng where 15 a
fafe harbour for Ships, having an Iſland in the
mouth of the bay.
[8] The ſhire of PERTH ( called from Perth Feti.
a burgh Royal, and the head burgh of the County)
to the north and north-weſt hath Badenoch and Lo.
chabyre, to the north-eaſt it is bounded with Marr, to
the weſt with Argileſbire, to the ſouth-weſt with Dum-
bartonſbire, to the ſouth with Clackmannanſhire, part of
Sterlingſbire, and the river and firth of Forth; to
the South-eaſt,it hath Kinrogſhire and Fife ; and to the
eaſt, Amgws. The length of it from eaſt to weſt
is above fiſty two miles, the breadth about for.
ty eight. The high grounds are good paſture, and
the low very fruittul in corn.
At the Meagile there is an ancient Monument of
ſtone cut with ſeveral figures, ſaid to be the burial
place of Queen Yaners, who had her dwelling place
three miles benorth upon a hill called Barray, where
are the ruines of a great building.
Dunkell * is ſurrounded with pleaſant woods, at the
foot of the Grampian hills, on the north ſide of Tay.
The ruins of the Cathedral Church are ſtill to be ſeen.
'Tis the chief Market Town of the High-lands; and
is of late very much adorned with ſtately buildings,
erected by the Marquils of rhe).
(h] ANGUS (the head town whereof is Forfar, 4
whence it's likewiſe called the ſhire of Forfar) is
bounded upon the South with the Ocean and the
firth of Tay ; upon the Weſt and North-weſt, *is
divided from Per:hſhire by a line twenty ſeven miles
long ; towards theNorth,the ridge of Binchinnin-moun-
tains,part it from the Brae of Marr ; and to the Eat ic
is ſeparated from the Mernes by the water of Tarf,
and a line drawn from it to the water of North-Eſke,
which to its mouth continues to divide this ſhire ffom
the Mernes. *Tis in length about twenty eight miles,
and in breadth about twenty. They have ſeveral
Quarries of free-ſtone, and much ſlate, with both
which they drive a good trade. Near the Caſtle of
Innermarkie there are Lead-mines;z and they find
great plenty of Iron-ore near the wood of Dalbope.
'The higher ground, called the Brae, abounds with
Hart, Hind, Roe-buck, Doe, and Fowl » and their
Salmond-trade turns to a good account.
Dundee * (fo called from Dun a hill, and the =
river Tay, on the north ſide whereof it is ſituated) ;wn
ſtands in a pleaſant plain, and is adorned with excel- '«
lent buildings of all forts. It hath ewo Churches, a
high ſteeple, a harbour for ſhips of burthen, and a
conſiderable trade with ſtrangers. The Inhabitants
are generally rich; and choſe who fall into decay,
Camyb
Town.
town
"SCOTLAND. 956
town formerly gave the title of Earl, and dignity of | now only the ruines remain. The King's College,
Conſtable to the chief of the Scrimgers; fo hath it of | (fo called from King James the fourth; who aſſumed
late afforded the ritle of Vicount to the Lord Dwndee,
who was killed at the Battle of Gillikrankie.
Brechin is a market-town, conſiderable for Salmon,
Horſes, Oxen and Sheep. It has a ftately bridge
over the nver Esk ; and ſhows the ruins of the Bi-
wy Palace, and of the Canons houſes. ?Tis like-
wiſe famous for a memorable ſlaughter of the Danes
not far from it. In this County it was, that the Ge-
neral of the Danes was killed by the valiant Keith,
who thereupon was advanced to great honours by
King Malcolm the ſecond, who was preſent in per-
ſon at the battle. Upon the General's Grave there
was a high ſtone erected, which carries the name of
Camws's Croſs, And about ten miles diſtant from this,
at Aberlemmo, is another Crofs, erefted upon ſome of
the Danes killed there. Both theſe have ſome antique
pictures and letters upon them.
Aberbroibeck, a Royal burgh, hath a harbour for
ſhips, and an Abbey, where King Willttm the Foun-
der lyeth, with a ſtately Monument upon him.
This Country has ſeveral ſeats of Nobility and
Gentry.
[i] The ſhire of MEARNS is fo called from
Mearn, a valiant Gentleman, to whom it was given
by Kenneth the ſecond ; called alſo the ſhire of Kin.
carden from the ancient town of Kimcarden. To the
ealt it is bounded with the fea, to the ſouth with
the water of Nortb-Eſk, to the weſt with the Gran/-
bain.hiils, and to the north wich the River of Dee.
In length ic is about ewenty fix miles, or (as ſome
ſay) twenty eight miles, in breadth about ewenty.
Upon the ſea-coaſts they have ſeveral convenient
Crecks, and ſome good harbours, whereof Srone-biwve
is one of the beſt ; and for its - ps ſafety, the Earl
Marſhal (who has a Saimon-fiſhing upon the north
{ide of the harbour ) is now raiſing a Peer of ſtone.
Where the water of Cowy falls into the ſea, ſtands
C:wy, a tree burgh. Beneath therown are tobe ſeen
the ruines of a Caſtle, buile (as 'tis reported by Mal.
colm Kenmore, who made the town a free Burgh. On
the Lands of Arduthie and Redcloak, are ſome trenches
to be feen, calt up by the Danes at one of their Invaſi-
ons made upon thoſe parts, and round the hill of Ure
there is a deep dirch, where the Scots 1p. ene -
F. y the
Dumnnotyr-Caſtle ſtands upon a rock waſhe
| ſeaonthree ſides, and joyned to the Land only by a
narrow neck. Towards the entrance of the Gate is
a huge rock near forty ells high, which 6ne- would
think were always juſt ready to fall. The Court is a
large plot of green ground; andthe old buildings, ſe-
ven ſtory high, have exceeding thick walls. It had
once a Church, which was demoliſhed in the late Ci-
vil wars.” In the new buildings there are fome rooms
very ſtately, and a Cloſer whencks is the Library of
the family. - Within the Cloſe, there is a' Jarge Ci-
ſtern, about thirty cubirs abour, Not far from this
place, 1s'a dropping Cave where the water petri-
ties. St. Padie's Church here is famous, for being the
burial place of St.Palladiae.
[k] ABERDEEN-SHIRE (a called from
© the chief burgh in it) contains the Countries 6r Marve,
Fourmanit een, Garioch, Strat hbogie, and that part of Bu-
chan,which lyeth ſouth to the water of Ugie. To the
South it is. bounded with the River
Granibain moxintains ; tothe north-weſt and weſt it
hath Bamff-ſbire and the river of Doverne ;; tothe caſt,
the Ocean ; and tothe north, 'part of er, $b
In length it's about forty ſix miles, and in breadth
ewenty eight. The Inhabitants are
civil and polite. ' They find here a Iperted
Marble, and mauch Slate; and in the waters,
dance of Pearls; ſome of them very big, and of a fine
colour, They have Deet-in great abundance. And
theEagles have their Neſts upon the Craigs of Pennan.
_—_— very
fore of
b- Old Aberdeen * is the Biſhop's Seat, and hath aCa-
Caty
a,
thedral Church, commonly call*d St. Machars, lar
and ſtately, built by ſeveral Biſhops of this See.
this Church - was formerly-a On but abour the
year 1560, i was almolt wholly deftroyed, io that
ce and the
the Patronage of it) is ſeated upon the ſouth ſide of
the town, and for neatnefs and ſtatelinefs, much ex-
ceeds the reſt of the houſes. One fide is covered
with Slate, the reſt with Lead. The windows of the
Church (wherein is a fine monument of Biſhop EL
pmgſfon the Founder) were formerly very remarka-
e for their painted glaſs ; and qa ww. of their
ancient ſplendor ſtill remains. The _ e, beſides
others, hath two bells of a very extraordinary big-
nefs ; the top is vaulted with a double crofs Arch, a-
bove which is a King's crown, having eight corners
upheld by as many pillars of ſtone, a round globe of
ſtone, with two gilded croſſes cloſing the crowri,
Hard by the Church there is a Library well ſtock'd
with Books, enlarged lately by thoſe which Doctor
Henry Scougal, Profeſlor of Divinity there, and his
Father, Biſhop of A#erdeen, gave to ir. The College
has a Primate or Principal, a Profeſſor of Divinity,
a Profeſſor of the Civil Law, a Profeſſor of Phyſick,
a — who is alſo Profeſſor of Philoſophy,
three other Philoſophy Profeflors, and a Profeſſor of
the Langu 4
New Aberdeen, * about a mile from the O74, as it
is the Capital of the Sheriffdom of Aberdeen, and the
Seat of the Sheriff for tryal of cauſes;
exceed the reſt of the Cities in the north
in bigneſs, trade, and beauty. The air is wholſome,
and the Inhabitants well bred. The Streets are paved
with flint, or a very hard fort of ſtone like it ; and
the houſes are very beautiful, generally four Stories
high or more, which having Be the moſt part Gar-
dens and Orchards behind them, make the whole
City at a diſtance look like a Wood. In the High
ſtreet there is a Church of Fraxciſcans, of free-ſtone,
begun by Biſhop Elphingſfon, and finiſhed by Gavim
Dumbar, Biſhop of the place. The ſame Gavin builr
alſo a bridge of ſeven f 5=vert (over the river Dee) a-
bout a mile from the a © But the greateſt orna-
ment of this City,is its College, called the Mareſhallian
Academy, as being founded by George Keith, Earl
Marſhal, in the year 1693, which the Ciry of Aber-=
deen hath very much adorned with ſeveral additional
burldings. Beſides a Primary-Profeſlor (who is called
Principal) it has four Profeſſors of Ag oe, one of
Divinity, and one of Mathematicks. There is alſo a
famous Library founded by the City, ſupplied with
Books by the benefaQians of ſeveral learned men,and
well furniſhed with mathematical Inſtruments. This
College, with that in the New Town, make up one
Univerſity, called the Univerſity of King Charles.
Add to theſe, the School-houſe (founded by Dr. Dune)
which has 'one head Maſter and three ' Uſhers; and
che Muſick-School. St. Nicho/as's Church (the Ca-
thedral) is built of Free-ſtone, and covered with lead.
Formerly it was divided into three Churches ; che
ipgeſt was called the Old Church, another the New
Church, and a' third the Arch*d-Church, They have
alſo an Alms-houſe for the maintenance of ſuch Inha-
bitants as are old and poor ; with three Hoſpitals,
founded by ſeveral Perſons.
The City is built upon three hills, but the greateſt
part upon the higheſt ; and the ourer parts are ſpread
out upon the plain ; from whence there an eaſie
zeoels:by aſcent every way, It had formerly 2
Mint, as rs by filver Coins ſtamped there wich
this Inſcription, Urbs Aberdee, which are ſtill pre-
ſerved in the Cloſets of the curious. =
At the Welt end of the City, is a little round hill;
at'the foot whereof there breaks out 'a fountain of
clear water. And in the middle another ſpring bub-
bles out, called the Aberdonian-Spaw, ney Bree
the-Spaw-water in the Bilhoprick of Liege, in
abun- | taſte and quality.
Beſides- Aberdeen, Kintor is a Burgh-Royal upon
the Don, and givettt tide to the Earl of Kinror. And
Inerarie, ere&ted into a Burgh-Royal by King Robert
Bruce, upon account of his having gain'd a ſignal
victory at it. Upon the South ſide of the water of
Ugic ftands Pererbead, which has a Road that. will
comtaitt forns hundreds of ſhips ; and at this place it
i» high wer whiert dis Moon is directly Sourts.
hight \P* I
New A-
ſo does it much £55
Thea-
of Scotland trum Sc
14. P. 29+
Kinter;
Inerurit,
SCOTLAND:
— — —————————— ——
Circles of
Scones.
Obveliske.
Cairn; of
Stoncs.
: $i, and the ſhire of
Inverncſle.
® Thestr.
Scorrx,
P: 4+
In many places of this Shire, there are great ſtones
ſet in a circle, and one of the greatelt in rhe middle,
toward the South ; which ſeem to have been places
of worſhip in the times of Heathenilm. ;
In ſeveral places alſo there are O5:/;;&s, fome with
figures upon them: one would i.nagine they had been
ſer up- for monuments of battles. And they have
likewiſe ſeveral Cairns of ſtones, ſome whereof are
upon the tops of mountains. In ſome of them bones
have been found; and in one they met with the head
of an Ax of braſs, which ſeems to have been employ'd
in their ſacrifices.
The dropping Cave of Slaias is very remarkable ;
of the etritied ſubſtance whereof they make excel-
lent Lime.
The Nobility and Gentry have a great many plea-
fant ſeats all over this County.
[17] The Shire of BAMFE (fo called from Bamfe,
the chief Burgh ) comprehends chat part of- Buchan
which lyes North of the River Ugie, with the Coun-
tries of Strarhdeverne, Boin, Enzae, Stratbaven, and
Balvenie.” To the South is is ſeparated from that part
of Buchan which belongeth to Aberdeenſhire, by the
water of Uepie: to the Eaſt it hath the watcr of Do-
wvsne ; to the Welt the water of Spey ; to the South-
welt it hath Badenoch and the Brae of Mar; and Mur-
ray-firth on the North. The length from Welt to
Eaſt is about 32 miles, and the breadth about 30. In
Balwenie is found the ſtone of which Alom 1s made ;
and in the country of Boin great quarries of ſpotted
marble have been diſcovered of late. The country
generaily is well furniſhed with graſs and corn.
Bamfe, a Burgh-Royal, is ſeated at the mouth of
Doverne in the Bvinez where the Sheriff hath his
Courts. The country about is very fertil, and the
Salmon-fiſhing very advantageous. It ſhows the ru-
ins of an old Caſtle. Near to this is the Abbey of
Deer, which belonged to the Ciltercians, and was
founded by William Cumin, Earl oi Buchen. At the
Begchilt reſides the Duke of Gordon. This ſeat is a-
. doined with excellent gardens, encloſures, and woods
of oak, about 1;.
Cm] MURRAY comprehendeth the ſhire of El.
airne. Upon the North, it
ath Arrray-firth and the water of Nee, whigh ſepa-
rates it rom the ſhire of Iznerneſc ; to the Eaſt it is
ſeparated from Bamfjiire by the River of Spey ; to the
South it hath Radenoch; and to. the Welt, part of Lo-
chabyr. *Tis about 30 miles long, and 20 broad.
The ſhire of Elgin comprehends all that which
lyeth to the of. the River Fndorne, ſhire of
airne, What is upon the Weſt ſide of the ſaid River.
They have an air very wholſom, and winters mild.
the Low-country bears very much corn, which is
ſoon ripe ; but the High-counery is fitter for palture.
They have many great woods of Firs and other trees,
eſpecially upon the River of Nearze, The River of
of Spey watereth this country, famous for the incre-
dible number of Salmon that are taken in it.
Elgin is a Royal-burgh, where are the ruines of an
anticnt Galile, 8s allo of one of the molt .ſtarely
Churches in the Kingdom,
Nearne alſo is a Royal-burgh, ſituate upon the coaſt
of Murrey-frth, where the water of Nearne runneth
Noe far Killofſe is an Obelisk of one it
ot far from Kiloſſe is an isk of one ſtone, a
monument of the ——_
of Kone, + and Seno ae Dane. ;
ithi reciads of Array our Author includes
the Sherifflam. of : SE, which com
hends Lochaher, Badinech, and the South part of Reſt.
To the South it hath the Brae of Marr and Athel ; to
Weſt, the Weſtern-ſea; to the North, Refſe; and tothe
Eaſt, part of Mwrray-ficb. The length of it from ivayr-
lochee to. Inverneſſe, ina {treight lane, is 50 miles. It
has Plengy: | [ron-Ore ; great woods of Firr ten miles
long; with-lome large woods of Oak: and
called Badenoch- has many Deer.
chat T7:
Irverne : *is the headtown of chis Sheriffdom, : aſs
mcodiouſly upon the {de of uhe River
-
king Malcolm, fon | Royal,
Neſle, on the very bank of it ; which renders it ex-
ceeding convenient for commerce with the neigh.
bouring places. It was formerly the ſeat of the Kings
of Scotland; and has a Caſtle ſtanding on a pleaſant
hill, with a fine profpe& into the fields and town.
Near the Caſtle, k 22s is lately a Bridge built overthe
water of Neſſe, conſiſting of ſeven Arches, all of
hewen ſtone. It hath a harbour for ſmaller vellels,
There are in it two Churches, one for the Eng/iſh, and
the ather for the 1riſþb. Here is Lougbneſs, 24 miles long,
and of a conſiderable depth, which never treezes; as
neither does the water of Nee.
Near the town of [nner/ocbie there is a fort with a
gariſon, upon the bay of Lochye!.
[ n ] ROSSE comprehends the bhires of Tay» and
Cromartie. The firſt includes the greater part of Roſe,
with the Iſles of Skye, Lewis, and ferris; the ſecond,
a ſmall part of Roſſe, lying upon the South-ſide of Cro.
martie-Fricth. *Tis in length Fo. and in breadth 30.
miles. The Straths or Valleys upon the water-ſides,
are full of wood ; particularly upon Charron, the wa.
ter of Braan, and near Alfarig, there are great woods
of Firr. And on the hills is great ſtore of game of
all forts. ;
Tain, a good trading town, is a Royal Burgh, and
ives name to the ſhire. les Firth is about 20 miles
ong, but admicteth not ſhips. Leughbruin-Bay, which
is ten miles long, is famous tor the vaſt number of her-
rings taken in it. Dingwall, another Burgh-Royal, is
ſituate in the utmoſt part of the Firth; to the North
of which lyes the great mountain Weeves.
Channerie had a large Cathedral Church, +a part
whereof ſtill remains. At preſent it ſhows a ſtately
houſe of the Earl of S:aforcb, who has conſiderable
revenues in this county.
Cromartie is a Royal Burgh, the Firth whereof is a-
bout 15 miles long, and in many places two miles
broad: though the entrance of it be narrow, yet is
it very fafe and ealie. Into this runneth the water of
Connel, famous for the Pearls found in it. The Viſ.
count of Tarbat, who has his refidence at Tarbat, is
ſheriff and proprietor of that antienc eſtate.
{ o ] All that tra of land lying between Portnacour
and Dyngsby, was of old called CATTEY, So much
of it as lyes Eaſtward from the hill Orde was named
Catez-neſ/e, and aiterwards Cathnefſe; but fo much as
lay on this ſide of Orde was called Sowb-Catley, and
Sutherland.
SUTHERLAND contains the country that paſs'd
under that name, with Srrathwover, Edernchiles and Di-
crineſſe ; having Cathneſſe to.the Eaſt and North-caſt,che
main ( to the North, the country of 4ſfint to
the Welt, Roſe co the South, and the German ſea to
the Eaſt and South-eaſt, From Weſt to Eaſt ic is in
length about 55 miles, and in breadth from South to
North 22 miles, but taking/in Stratbnaver, 33. . The
inhabitants of theſe parts are much given to hunting,
and will endure a greatdeal of labour and toil. The
ſhice affords white marble, (in ſome hillsin the pariſh
of Creigh) plenty of iron-ore, and fome pearls. They
have coal, free-ſtone, lime-ſtone, and good ſclate in
abundance z 'gis {aid alfo that they ſome ſilver ;
and it is uppoled that there is gold in Durineſſe. In (e-
veral parts of the « » they have much Salmon»
filking, and are alſo well provided with other fiſhes.
Darnech, the chief Burgh of the ſhire, is' a: Burgh-
the rivers of Porezecauter and
Caſtle, bdonging to the Earl of
hedcal-Church, being the ſeat
r chief Commanders of the Danes is ſaid to
Dwunrobin, ( mentioned by our Authar
of the Earl -of Satberlaxd, is ſeated. upon
mote hard by the Ka; and is remarkable tor irs fine
the days are very in ſummer,
clealop, they havelede or coder night
"15
9 \
Rok,
Chaxt
+ The
Scart
P. 54.
Cron
Sur
lans.
D '
Croks,- called the Thane or Ear!'s-Crofi; and another ;,,;
beſide Eubv, called the-King's Croſs, where one of the ao:
) the ſpecial gy
, is ©
* 2
.
aq - * CORBR_y * 84+
7
SCOTLAND:
mv.
xlic.
| Old-wike, copper; and iron-ore in ſeveral places.
Tis faid that the river of Shiz never freezes.
[p } CATHNESSE ( called alſo the fire of Hike |
to the South and South-weſt is divided from Sutherland
by the Ord, and a continued ridge of hills, as far as
the hill of Kneok-finm, Then along the courle of the
river of Hollowdail, from the rife ro the mouth of it,
and the mountains Drumas Hollowdale. The fame ri-
ver is the bound between it and Strathnaver. Tothe
Eaft it is waſhe with the Ocean; to the North it hath
Pen-liand-Frith, which divideth it from Orknay. Its
length from South to North is 35 miles; its breadth,
about 20. 'The woods here are but few and ſmall ; be-
ing rather Copices of birch, In the foreſt of Moravins
and Berridale, there is great plenty of Red-deer and
Roe-bucks. They have good ſtore of cows, ſheep,
goats, and wild-fowl. Ar Dermnert there is lead; at
ſo that they have a + number of ,moncori '
Sendiuebead, at the Weſt-cnd of Carhr ol polnning
| North to the opening of Pentand-Firth. Holborn.
bead, and Dinner-bead, both pointing North to the
Firth. Duncans-bay-bead, which is the North caſt point
of Cathneile, where the Firth is bur 12 mites over.
Den LP TOES
ones 0p IS, penny eaſt. Clhyrhe-
neſs, pointn
_ —— ,
«
"EE. KF ” ;
958
Though Wick be a_Royal Burgh, and the head Wick.
Courts kepe there; yet Thurſo ( a
rony | is more populous; There 266 the Judges re-
ſide. It is a ſecure place for ſhips of any burthen co
ride at, being defended by Holburn bead.
| In theſe parts, there are many foundations of an-
tient houſes now ruinous ; ſuppoſed to have formerly
belonged to the Pitts, Many obelisks alſo are erc-
Cted here and there, and in ſome places ſeveral of
The whole coalit, except the bays, is high rocks ;
—_— —— _- — — —
chem together.
W— —
The Roman Wall
He firſt occaſion of bujlding the Roman Wall
( which now goes by the name of Graham's
diks) was given by Fulizs Agricola; of whom
Tacitus has left us this character, Non 4-
lium Ducem opportunitates locorum ſapientias clegiſſe, That
never a General uſed more diſcretion m the choice of places.
And here particularly he made good his claim to that
piece of condaet ; for that Ifthmus, or neck of land,
upon Which it was built, is not above 16 miles oyer,
betwixt the rivers of Forth and Clyde. So that having
i —
in SCOT LAND.
hgure whereof, with a diſtin& deſcription, may be
expected in Sir Robert Sibbalds's Scotia Antiqua,
| 2. The ſecond ſeems to have been ſome ſix miles
diſtant to the North-weft, where the town of Sterling
is now. For beſides that the narrowneſs of the river
of Forth ( which hath now a bridge over it- in this
ow ) required a garifon, there is upon a rock this
nſ{cription.
IN EXCV. AGIT. LE. LEG.
fortified that ſlip of ground with garifons, the Enemies
were, as Tacitus has obſerved, ſumwoti velut in aliam
Inſulam.
But here, we muſt not imagine that Agricola built a
wall along this traſt; ſince neuher Hiſtorians nor In-
ſcriptions give us any reaſan to ſuſpe& it. Tacitusonly
+ a5 = this Anguſtum terrarum ſpatium Preſidus
firmabatur ; and we may be lure, if there had heen any
thing of a wall in the caſe, he would not haye omit-
ted the mention of it. So that 'tis probable he con-
tented hi with placing garifans at ſuch ganvenient
diſtances, 45 that the forces might ealily draw toge-
ther upon the fuſt apprehenſian of danger. w
ther or no =o of the Forts that axe plac 'd upon the
wall, were built by him at that time, or by others a
terwards, is not certain; however, it ſeems-probable
that he buile theſe following gariſoss.
Which ſheweth that a Legion kept gariſon here. 'Tis
molt probable, that this is the Alauns of Ptolemy.
3- The third gariſon ( for the out-guard of this,
and for ſecuring the tra&t where the A but nar-
row) was placd about eight miles to the North-eaſt
from the ſecand ; * and is more fully deſcribed in the »$< cam:
of Ba- Thurto.
Account of Thule, written by Sir Robert Sibbalds. dcn, afier
[t bids faireſt for Ptolemy's Vieoria; which name
| might poſſibly ger from the Yi&#ory obtained near it,
cola, over the Caledonians. Roman Meda's
have been found at it; and not far from it there runs
- ja Roman military way.
4- The fourth ſeems to be that which Bede calls
Guidi, and which he placeth about the middle of the
wall ; calPd at t Kirkintilloch, as antiently Kaer-
pertalloch, and ſituate upon the tract of the wall. Here
x. That which our Author calls, from the Water of | are ſtill to be ſeen the ruines of great fortificacions;
Caron, ( which runs near it) Coria Damniorum. "Fhe
neighbours chereabouts at this day call it Camelen; not
that *tis to be imagin'd this is the Camulodunum man-
tioned by Tacitus, ( which is ſome hundreds of miles
diſtant from hence) but rather the Cammwnledururs, which
Ptolemy makesa crown of the Brigantes, whom hepla-
ceth ſub Igous & Oftadinis ad wiraque maria, and lets
the town in the 57th Degree of Laticude. And in-
deed, the Gadeni which we placed here, were a tribe
of the Brigantes, that poſlels'd the country betwixt
the Iriſh Sea and the Firth of Forth. Camalodunum like-
wile is thought to import the Palace of the Prince;
and it may be gathered from Hiſtory that this was the
Palace of che Pits. Burt by who er it was built,
the remains of the fortification, and the weſtigia of the
ſtreets, are yet to be ſeen; and there is a Roman mi-
licary way begins here, and runs South. In antient
times, it was waſh'd by the ſea; which is confirm'd
by an anchor diſcover'd near it within this hundred
years. Asa farther confirmation ot its my they
diſcover old Vaults, and meet with ſeveral Roman
Coins about it; one particularly of brafs, abont the
bigneſs of a Half crown, with a Shield on one fide,
and aboveit a Lion; but the Impreſſion on the other
ſide is not legible. Here it is that Ptolemy places the
Legio Sexta Vittrix ; and it ſeems to have been their
head-quarterss The Duni Pacis, mention'd by our
Author, are very nearit; and juſt over againſt it, on
the North ſide of Carron-water,is the s/£des Termini, the
and near it ſeveral Inſcriptions have been found, ſome
whereof are now kept at the houſe of Cadir. ?Tis
moſt probable, that this is the Coria mentioned by
Ptolemy.
5. The fifth was where the town of Paiſly now is;
which one would imagine from the ſituation to be the
Bremenium of Ptolemy.
6. The ſoxth was the moſt remoteto the Weſt, call'd
at this day Dumbarton, conveniently ſituate in a point
where the water of Leven runneth into Clyde, But
if this convenience were not teſtimony enough, the
Inſcriptions, that are found in the neighbourhood,
monks put it-beyond all diſpute.
The placing of theſe gariſons was probably the oc-
caſion of building the wall afterwards along this tract.
Bur in building, they took the direRteſt line; which
muſt be the cauſe why ſome of the gariſons are at 4
diſtance from it. It ſeems alſo to have been buile at
different times, and by different men, as the fitua-
tion of the ground required for repelling of the ene-
my, and covering the Provincial againſt their Inva-
ſions. Bede tells us, That they made it between the two
Friths of the Sea, that where the water did not ſecurethem,
the Enemy: From which one may probably infer, that
firſt they began it where the river of Forth is narrow,
and fo carried it along the neck of land, .betwixt the
L..
there the wall might defend them againſt the Incurſions of
Firth of Clyde and Forth, But afterwards they found
it convenient that it ſhould be carried farther Eaft,
Bri::ſh
n Ilands.
OOO OBOE 1 OI x GEO an
Cw ——
_ = ren ————_ n—— —— ——
FA
won: -
SCOTLAND. 0
Draught of it, taken from the Papers of Mr. Timo-
thy Pont, (who had exadtly traced it ) and the obſer.
vations of ſome others, who after him had taken the
pains to deſcribe it.
'The Pervabel or Penuelizin ( where Bede ſays it be-
gun ) is call'd 7/abrown ac this' day 5 where there 1s
an - artificial mount dyk*d. about. The manner of
the wall will . be. more eaſily apprehended by this
AAA. A ditch of twelve fort wide before the Wall, towards the Enemies Country.
B B. A wall of ſquared and cut ſtone, two foot broad; vrobably bigher than the wall
to cover the Defendants, and to keep the Earth of the wall from falling ito the
Ditch.
night.
D
E.
F. The wall of ſquare ſtone going through
G
C
D
[.
E
F
G
I The body of
K The Void within for the Soldiers Lodgings.
Beſides theſe, there were along th2 Wall great and
Royal Forts ſtrongly entrench'd (tho' within the
wall) able to receive a whole Army together. For
the wall being long, and they not knowing where
the Enemy would make their attacks ; it was neceſf-
{ary that lodgings ſhould be provided againſt all occa- |
fions. Inthe fixing whercot, 'tis obſervable that they
did not ſo much look upon high grounds, as places
that were well-watered ; but where theſe two con-
curr'd, they were ſure to have a Fort therc.
The Forts which remain'd in Mr. Timothy Pont's
time ( who trac'd them' all ) were theſe. One at
Langiown, a mile eaſt of Falkirk; one juſt at the,
Rouintree-burnbead ; one at Weſter-Cowdon above He-
len's Chapel ; one at the Croy-bill; a very great one
upon the top of the Bar-hil! ( which hath had large
Entrenchings, a freſh-ſpring and a Well within it ; )
one at Acbindevy ; one at Kirkintilloch or Kaenpental-
loch ; one at Eaſft-Calder 5 one at Hiltoun of Calder ;
one at Balmudy ; one at Simerſtone ; and over Kilvin
river and Careſtoun, one at Atermynie; one at Bal.
caſtle over againſt Barhill ; one at Kae/lybe over a-
gainſt Cry-hill ; one at the Roch-hill over againſt the
Wefterwood ; a large one at Bankyir, over againſt
Caſtle Cary ; one at Dumbaſs, &c.
In the ruins of that at Bankyir, there was found a
large Iron-ſhovel, or ſome inſtrument refembling it,
C. The Wall it ſelf, of ten foot thickneſs ; but how bigh, not known
. A paved way cloſe at the foot of the wall, frue foot broad.
Watch-towers within a cail one of another, where Centine!s key! watch day and
ſo weighty that ic could hardiy be liſted by any man
of this age. Ac the ſame fort alſo were diſcovered
the breadth of the Wall, juſt againſt the Towers,
. A Court of guard, to lodge a ſufficient number of ſoldiers againſt all ſudden Alarms,
the Rampire, with an outer-wall of cut ſtone, bigher than the Rampire, to cover Soldiers.
ſeveral ſepulchres, covered wich large rough ſtones ;
and at Dwun-chroc-chyr by Mony-abroch, there have
been large buildings.
The length of the wall is 36 Scorch miles. Be.
ginning between the Queens-ferry and Abercorn, ir
goes along weſt by the Grange and Kineil to Inne.
reving. SO on to Falkirk {two miles weſt of which
are the tracks of Camelon ; ) trom whence it goeth
dire&ly to the foreſt of Cumernald (where hath been
a great fort call'd Caftle-Cary.) Next, it runs to the
great Fort at the Bambill, whert have been found ſe.
veral ſtones, ſome with piCtures graven upon them,
and ſome with Inſcriptions. From thence it goech
to the Peel of Kirkzintillo, the greateſt Fort of all;
and fo Weſtward to Dumbarron, with a great ditch
_ the North ſide of the wall all along. It had
a
Roman Camps.
As to the Inſcriptions, our learned Author hath
given an account of fome of them : amongſt thoſe
omirted by him, one is faid to have upon it theſe
words,
COHORTIS HIZPANORUM TIBICEN
HIC JACET,
Others have been likewiſe found in theſe parts, point-
ing our ſome of the Forces that quartered here. But
o along it many ſquare Fortifications, in form cf
of theſe we ſhall hare occaſion to ſpeak atthe end of
Sir Robert Sibbald's Deſcription of Thule.
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_—
The Britiſh Hands.
—
The BRITI
Have at laſt ſurvey d, or rather glanc'd over the
whole Iſland of Britain, namely thoſe rwo flouriſh.
ing Kingdoms, England and Scotland. Since. 7
fie Bri- muſt neceſſarily croſs the Sea, before I can come. at
©52- Ireland or the other Ilands, I hope it will be no great di-
greſſion, if I premiſe ſomewhat concerning it,
That vaſt and wide Ocean that ſurrounds Britain on all
fides but the South, ebbs and flows with ſo ſFrong 4 tide,
bat Pichoeus Maffilienſis reports it to ſwell at 80
cubits higher than the land. St. Baſil calls it the great
4x; Sea, ro be dreaded by Mariners z and Sr. Ambroſe
w..3- ſpeaks thus of it, the great'Sea, unattempted by Ma-
riners, is that roaring Ocean which encom Bri-
tain, and extends into the moſt-remore parts, even
wo, beyond the reach of fame it felf. Sometimes it over.
merly s the fields adjoyning, and then retreats and leaves
wo" rem: to [peak with Pliny, it tyes ſo wide and opets,' that
the force and preſſure of the Moon dots conſiderably. affett
it; and it flows with ſuch an Impetus, that ## nat. only
drives back the rivers that run imo #t,, but OI
the beaſts upon the ſhore, ut advances ſo faſt 7, or leaves
ſea.monſters bebmd upon the banks, it returns fo quickly.
We have ſeen ſo mauy odd monſters in every age left behind
upon the dry land, to the great amazement of the 1
that Horace 148 not widens a good reaſon for that paſſage,
{
&
Belluoſus qui remotis
Obſtrepit Oceanus Britanhis. &
And Seas ( where ſhapeleſs monſters roar )
That waſh Great Britain's fartheſt ſhore.
Nor Tuvenal,
Quanto Delphino Balzna Britannica Maqor.
As much as Dolphins yeild to Britiſh Whales.
Nay, a woyage over our ſea was thought ſuch a notable
enterpriſe, that Fibanus , the Greek Sophiſt, in bis Pane-
rick ro Conſt antius Chlorus, exclaims, This voyage to
ritain ſeems equal to the nobleſt rriumph. And Fu-
' lius Firmicns, not the Aſtrologer, but another that was a
Chriſtian, in a Treatiſe upon the errors of prophane Religion,
dedicated ts Conſtans and Conſtantius, Emperours, you
have row*d over the raging proud billows of che Bri- |
tiſlh Ocean in the very winter; a thing never yet
done, nor poſlible to be done again hereatrer,/ A tea |
almoſt unknown to us hath ſubmitted in” fear to you,
and the Britains are terrified at the un arrival
of a Roman Emperor. What would you atchieve
farther? "The Elements themſelves have yeilded, as
juftly conquer'd by your virtues.
| The learned Julius Scaliger, in bis Poems, would have
' the Britains moſt liable to the blaſts of the North-weſt wind
ariſing from the ſea, in oppoſition to Lucan, who writes rbus,
Primus ab Oceano caput exeris Atlantzo,
Caure, movens zſtus.
Tou fierce North-weſt, that ſwell the roging tide,
Raiſe from Atlantick waves your lowring. bead,
For certain; ir peers Ireland ; and for a great part of
the year Ceſar ſays, that it blows in this Iſland.
cer That ſhips firſt ply'd upon this ſea, as ſome write, ſeems
x incredible to me, But that the Britains uſed ſmall wicker
1 colour, fo
ST OCEAN.
%
veſſels, coverd with leather, ſuch - as they call Corraghs
| at this day, w evident from Pliny ; with whom Lucan agrges,
Primum cana falix madefato vimine parvam
Texitur in puppim, cxſoq; induta juvenco,
VeRoris patiens tumidum ſuper emicat amnem :
Sic Venetus ſtagnante Pado, faſoq; Britannus
Navigat Oceano. :
Firſt, little boats of well ſogk'd twigs were made,
A reeking hide above the twigs was laid:
Thus rudely fitted, ore the waves they rode,
And PocÞd with paſſengers outbrav'd the flood.
Thus rough Venetians paſs the lazie Po,
And Britiſh Keels rhe boungleſi Ocean plow.
Thus likewiſe Polybiſtor, Ini that Sea, between Bri.
$ain and Ireland, they fail in wicker bottoms, cover'd
with Ox-hides. During their yoyage, how:long fſoe-
ver, they never cat. Comm ih '7el -
As for the commodities of —_— its warmth, which
cberiſheth the earth; ts feem and vapour, which feeds; the
air and bedews the fields ; the meny fiſh of all kinds bred
in it, Viz. Salmons, ( which Bede calls Iſicii, end Pliny
Eſox ) Plaice, Punger, Cod,' Haddock, Whiting, Herring,
Baſſe, Maccarel, Mullet, Turbet, Seal, Rocket Sole, Pil.
m—_ , Scare, Oyfter, oY agus 7 os
which ſwarm m great on thys coa , 1 [ay, ere
ſo ws wage [ne us len te þ huts
concerning t Tet 1 muſt not forget ta take notace +
thoſe Fewels, which Fuba# tells ws pp banr and like Peoaris.
bees [ſwim in claſters, with one like a captain. at the bead
of them. Thus alſo Marcellinus, after he bas firſt [poken of
the Perſian and ihe Indian Pearls 3 Which kind of Jew-
els we know very well are inthe creeks of the
Britiſh Sea, tho' not fo fine: .. Tho" Pliny gives them the
charatter of [mall and ill-colour*d, yet Suetonius makes them
the great motiroe of Czlar's coming hither, and ſays, they
were ſo large, that be uſed to try the weight of thens by bis
hand, and dedicated a Rreaſt-plate of thews to Ve-
nus Genitrix. 5 which be confirms by an Inſcription, - Or.
genwrites alſo to the ſame' purpoſe : The belt ſort of Sea-
pearl is found among the indians, or rather inthe Red.
Sea. The nextare thoſe pick'd up out of the Bririſh
$za. Inthe third place are to be reckon'd thoſe found
near Scythia in the Boſphoras, being not ſo good as ei-
ther of the other. A btrle after likewiſe;. As for that
they ſay is found in Britain, it looks .like gold, bur
ſomewhat ſpeck'd and cloudy, and not full bright e-
1gh.'' Thus alſo our venerable Bede writes of the Shel-
fiſh of thus Sew, others, there are Muſcles, in
which they: find the-beit Peark of all ——_—
violet, green, and ially white. 'Thereare
alſo in great numbers, 'with which they dye a Scarlec
and fair, ' that neither the heat of the
ſun-nor- the violence of rain will change it: and the
older it is, the berrer it tooks.... Terrultzan, reprebending
the diſſolate of bis time, ſays,”If ambitious luxury
would feed ir ſelf from the Br::iſh or the. Indian Seas,
there is a kind of ſhell-fift fo agreeable ro the palace,
that it hot only exceeds the Pwple-fiſh or Qyſter, bur
che Scallop it ſelf. |
Tha Sea in general # called the Britiſh'or Caledonian
4 Rrcr | Sea,
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Sea, but yet has ſeveral names, according as it bounds or
touches upon diff init places.
On the Eaſt, towards Gorman
Ocean. On the North*:1s callgd Oceanus Hyperboreus,
which the Antien!s unjuſt ly {cribed to be {tj} and hea-
vy for the oar; and forthat reafon not*©eaſily enra-
ged with winds. Thu Tacitus thought, was, Becauſe
the lands and hills, which are a great cauſe of tem-
peſts. are hardly to be found here ; and then the Sea
it ſelf is ſo wide and degp, that this weighty mals of
waters is not to be agitated without ſome difficulty.
Towards the Weſt, "tu tem't{* Oczanus Deucalidomius,
and Vergivius ; and betwerfi England and Ireland, it goes
they call it the German
by the name of the Iriſh Sea, or St, George's Chanel.
This the antients make ſo high and raging, that it was
never navigable” atl the year round, but only ſome
few days in the ſummer. O» rhe South, towards France,
Wa proper | |
day call the Chanel ; the Engl" the Sleeve ; and the nt
French in the [ame ſenſe, I's Manche, becauſe it grows
narrow by ii:tle and little, as a ſleeve does, That the Sea
all along, as far as Spain, ent under the name of the Bri.
tiſh Sea, we are afſured by Pomponius Mcla, who was
bimſelf « Spaniard, where he tells ws that the Pyrenean
mount ains ſhoot out as far as the Britiſh Sea.
Nature has ſcatter*d certain lands up and down inthys
Sea i ew and ornament; ſome few on the Eaſt and
South ; but onthe W:ft and Nor:h fides, very many. Theſe
ſtand ſo thick, that they, as it were, embroider the Seas,
and paint it with ſeveral colours. But ſince Ireland far
exceeds the reſt; both its cargeneſs and reputation may juſtly
claim the firſt place in the Treatiſe. |
ROO -—
— — -
—— —
—_
#0SR GEL
N the Vergivian Sea, ( fo called, not as ſomethink,
4 wvivgendo, bat from Mor Weridb, tor this 15 the
Britiſh name of it; or elſe from Farig, which
is the Iriſh ) lyes the moſt famous Iſle of Ireland,
upon the, Weſt ſide: of Britain, Formerly it was
thought the moſt eminent Iſland in the world, bur
two. For thus the antient Geographer writes of them,
Tar vnowv aegriue 1 Irdichn Tawegldnn wynd % tn, wid”
mn i Bptlairinds Tein nies Bpilawor w Oviprez, i, ©.
Among the Ijands, Taprobane in India muſs firſt take
flace for renown and greatneſs » next to it, Britaing and
in the third place Ireiand, another land of the Britams.
And therefore Ptolemy calls it Britannia Parva, or
Little Britair.
By *Orpheus, Ariſtotle, and Claudian, it is called
lerna; by Juvenal and Mela, fwverna; by Diodorus
Sicales, Irw ,; by Martianus Heracleota, Ir*priz ; by
Euſtathius "O. epri«, and Bepria 5 by the Inhabitants,
Erin; by the Britains, Yverdon; and by the Engliſh,
Irelamd, EN 1
From whence theſe names are derived, as in a point
obſcure and difficult,” there have been many and thoſe
different opinions. Some will have Ireland deduced
ab hibr»no tempore, others \fromt Therm, a Spaniard, o-
thers from the River 1ber;, and the Author of the Eu-
— —— ————_— OO D————
"his. publick Le&ures ' at Paris upon Pomponis Mela,
to ſhew- ſomewhat exquiſite ſingular, derives it
fromthe Fews; fo that [rm is quaſi Iurin, that is, a land
of rhe Fews." For he lays, That the Few:, ( forfooth )
| being the moſt thilful Soutbſayers, and preſaging that the
Empere of the world woald at r in that ftrong
angle * towards the Weſt, took peſſeſſuon of theſe parts, and
of Ireland, 'wutry'earlyy' ani that the Syrians and the Tyri-
ans alſo endexvoured to\ſettle themſelves there, that they
mip ht lay the foundation rf a future Empire. However,
I muſt beg the Reader's pardon, if I cannot ſubſcribe
to thele opinions; nay, eventhat which is | ngpar
took for granted,” of 1ts bei led ab hiberno tem-
pore: .tho' I muſt own at the fame time, how I have
heard thar 'the wird, from whatever quarter itblows
here, 's cold and: piercing, as if it were in winter,
Hibernia, fuverna, and 'Queprie, are without queltion
' deſcended from Ierns, (the name we find of it in Or-
pheus and Ariſtotle; ) and fo likewiſe is lerna, Irs,
Tverdhon. and Ireland, from Erin, the name by which
A N D.
' utmoſt point in that quarter ; and alſo, becauſe the.moſt
Weſtern * river in this Iſland is called lermw by Pro-
lemy, and the moſt Weſtward Promontory 1a Spain
( from whence our Iriſh were tranſplanted ) is called
lerne by Strabo; and the river next it, which lyes alſo
more Weſtward than any other in Spain, 55 named
Terna by Mela. From this W:twardly ſituation like.
wile, Spain it felf was termed Heſperia z the Weftern
Cape in Africa, Heſperium cornu ; and Weſtrich, Weſt pha.
len, in Germany, &c. are ſocall'd upon the fame reaſon.
Sothat it is notatall ſtrange, that this country ſhould de.
riveits name from a Weſterniicuation, Beſides the names
of Ireland already mentioned, the Iriſh Bards, in their
Ball2ds,called it *7;rwolac, Totidanan, and Banno, as by
far themoſt antient names ofthis INand, But upon what
account I know not, unleſs this Bammno be the Barnno-
manns, Which Pliny out of Timzus mentions, whete ,,
he deſcribes the utmoſt parts of Europe, and the ſhore max:
of the Northern Ocean on the left trom Scythia as
far as Cadez. For it does not yet appear to Geogra-
phers,, what this Bannomanna was. Biawun in Iriih
ſignifies holy, and the Iſland it ſelf is called ſacred, or
the .Inſula ſacra, by Feſtus Avienus, in that book of
his entitl'd Ore Maritime, which he colleted out of ah
login, from'a Captain called Irnalph, Poſtellus, in | Lysbims,, Philens Arbenienſis, Caryandems, Panſymachun ins
the antient Geographers, Hecatens Mileſins, Hellanicus
Samins, Damaſtus, Euttimon, and others? But I will
ſubjoyn his verſes; for when he ſpeaks of the Ofry.
mide-]lands, he lays,
AFF hinc duobas in Sacram, ſic inſulam
Dexere ks þ gin curſus rati ei.
Haec inter undas multum ceſpitem jacit,
Eamgq, late gens Hibernorum colir,
Propinqua rurſus inſuls Albionum pater.
Hence to the Holy Iſle ( the antient name )
Two ſuns will bring youthrough the pathleſs ſtream.
Where falling turf advanceth every tide,
O're ſpacious tradts the roving Iriſh ſpread ;
And neighb*ring Albion ſhows her lofty head.
If that Ogygia, which Plutarch places on the Weſt
of Britain, were a matter of real truth, and not ficti- 72,”
tious and mere dreams, one would take Ireland to be Mi »
there ſignified by that name ; tho' the ſtories them- ©
ſelves which are told of it, are all of them Roman-
tickand idle. Nor is it eaſic perhaps to find a reaſon,
the Inhabitants themſelves call ir. And therefore the | why they ſhould call ic Og2gia; unleſs from the anti-
original is to be fought from this Iriſh word Erin on-
ly. And here I am puſled;: and as much at a ftand
as the great Philoſophers heretofore. For. I. am not
able ſo much as to gueſs or imagine any. thing likely |
of this matter . in- queſtion,-unlefs it might per
come from Hiere, an Iriſh ward fignifying the _
or a ira WWiftward; and fo Erin, importing as much |
as a Wft-camry, be. derwed from it. Thus: conje-
&ure was fo plauſible, : that it formerly :fatished me;
both, becauſe this. is the moſt Weſtward country ih
Ewopez being but twelve degrees diſtant: from the
quity of it; for the Greeks never attributed that name
toany thing that was not particularly antient. Robercus
Conſtancinus ſeems to bave been quite out,in affirming
our Ireland to be. meant by Cerne in Lycophron. For
Lycophron himſelf, and his Commentator T zerzes, Ti!
| make Cerne to be ſituated in the Eaſt z and the moſt ©
learned are all of opinion, that Afadagaſcar muſt be the
place,which lyes,as it were in another world,under che
Tropick of Capricorn, over againſt Egypt. Thus much
tor the names of Ireland ; nor forgetting in the mean
time, that in later ages it was called Scoria by 1/idore
aw [reand
RY PTY "Ie A.
# {g&ris., Orph. in Argcn.
ey Yew eating
and were names of certain ſeprs of Inhabitanrs, ( as Scots, Prfts, Saxony, &.)
e Vide Pinder. Pyth. 4. & Scholialt.
Dammenis or Dann of Bruain.
$55. ſeems to mean Ieland by the Tis Ji i Orin Beolayi. -
+
, _
_
"PÞ
_— xn
- -
_
- *. S»
- a ls.
Pr - 4
4 "6
w
+ Ofthe ſeveral names of 7reland, ſee Sir James Wate's Anriquitates Hibernice,
ſhould be Frrbo'g or Firbolug, je Yiri Belgict ; as Torrdanan ſhould be Tuak-d:-Danan, i. e.
«
. , . - or D.moni ts :
in Brirain. *Tis polſible, they might b* Colonies «f the 8-174 and
f lacius Tzerzes ( lays Sides ) in his Comment upon Lice pur. p:
and
Iy called the Britiſh Sea ; bur the Dutch as thas See in
F s ( ies '
£ Now ©3
lang-
= 7.
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'perience. Yet to cite the ſame Author as evidence
the fruitfulneſs of the foil, the advantage of the ſea,
quiet. They
at the age of te or twelve, they marry them, as ripe
-ty which is required in other nations.
and Bede, Hom the Scotch Inhabitants:
thencs the name of Scotland, togerher with the Scors
chemſelves, cane irito Britain. Bur this has been al-
ready obſerved, and need not be here 2p
is Iſland is ſtretcher our from the north-
ward, not broader than it is long, as Strabo ſays, but
of a lentel or oval form ;, nor yet of twenty days fail,
as Philcemon in Ptolemy has relared : bur according to
modern computation *tis reckoned 300 miles in
I-ngth, and ſcarce 120 in bredth. On the eaſt of it
1 rua- yes England, ſever'd by that boiſterous Sea, called the
Iriſh Sea, On the weſt, it is bounded by the vaſt Fe.
ſtern Ocean; on the north, by the Deucaledonian ; and
on the ſouth, by the Yergivian Sea.
s A Country (lays Giraldus) uneven, mountaneous,
ſoft, weſhy, evergrown with woods, windy, and ſo boggy
bis that a man may ſee ſtanding waters _ the wery moun-
ela
tains. The Climat (according to ) is ſo unkind,
that it does not ripen corn, yet the countrey produces graſs
in ſuch abundance, and that not only wery rank but
ſweet ;, ſo that the cartel may fill themſelves in a ſmall
time, and ſhall even burſt, if they are not interrupted
and hindered from eating longer. Upon this ac-
count their breed of cattel is infinite, and are indeed
the greateſt wealth and ſupport of the inhabitants ; as
al 
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